Theoretical Foundations of Nursing ppt

METAPARADIGM OF NURSING Gree Gr eek: k: me meta ta- wi with th parad pa radeig eigma ma - pat patter tern n NURSING PARADIG ARADIGMS: MS: are are patterns or models used to show a clear relationship among the existing theoretical works in nursing.

in Nursing focus on the relationship among these Four Major Concepts: 1. Person 2. Environment 3. Health 4. Nursing 

Theories

CHARACTERISTICS 

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Theories

OF A THEORY

can correlate concepts in such a way as to generate a different way of  looking at a certain fact or phenomenon. Theories must be logical in nature.

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Theories should be simple but

generally broad in nature. Theories can be the source of  hypotheses that can be tested for it to be elaborated. Theories contribute in enriching the general body of knowledge through the studies implemented to validate them.

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Theories

can be used by practitioners to direct and enhance their practice. Theories must be consistent with other validated theories, laws, and principles but will leave open unanswered issues that need to be tested.

CLASSIFICATION 

OF NURSING THEORIES

DESCRIPTIVE THEORIES (Factor-Isolating Theories) - To know the properties and workings of a discipline. - mai main n purpos purpose e is to pre presen sentt a phenomena based on the five senses together with their corresponding meaning.

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EXPLANATORY THEORIES (Factor-Relating Theories) - present relationship among conc co ncep epts ts an and d pr prop opos osit itio ions ns.. - Cause & effect relationship are well explained.

PREDICTIVE THEORIES (Situation-Relating Theories) 

Are achieved when the relationships of concept under a certain condition are able to describe future outcomes consistently.

PRESCRIPTIVE THEORIES (Situation-Producing Theory) 

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This theory deals with

nursing actions, and test the validity and certainty of a specific nursing intervention. This kind is commonly used in testing new nursing interventions.

PHILOSOPHY IN NURSING- is the next knowledge level after metaparadigm. It specifies the definition of metaparadigm concepts. CONCEPTS  are the bui buildi lding ng blo blocks cks of theories. It enhances ones capacity to understand phenomena as it helps define the meaning of a word.

2 TYPES OF CONCEPTS: are e indi indire rect ctly ly 1. ABSTRACT CONCEPTS  ar observed or intangible. e.g. Love, care, freedom are e di dire rectl ctly y 2. CONCRETE CONCEPTS  ar observed or tangible. e.g. Nurse, mother, pain CONCEPTUAL DEFINITIONS  ar are e the the mean meaning ing of a word based on how a certain theory or relevant literature perceives it to be. OPERATIONAL DEFINITIONS  are me meani ning ng of  a word based on the method of how it was measured or how the person come co me up with

THEORETICAL MODELS OR FRAMEWORK

- are hi highl ghly y esta establi blishe shed d set of con concep cepts ts that are testable. CONCEPTUAL MODELS OR FRAMEWORK

- Are repr represent esentatio ations ns of an idea or bod body y of knowledge based on the own understanding or perception of a person or researcher on a certain topic, phenomena phenome na or theory.

SCIENCE- Latin (sci SCIENCE(scientia entia)) knowl knowledge edge - the or organ ganize ized d bo body dy of  knowledge gained through research. SCIENTIFIC METHOD: 1. Observation 2. Gathering Data 3. Forming Hypothesis 4. Experimental Investigation 5. Conclusion/ Theoretical Explanation

KNOWLEDGE  Inf Inform ormati ation, on, ski skills lls and expertise acquired by a person through formal/informal learning. TYPES OF COGNITIVE PROCESSES 1. PERCEPTION 2. ASSOCIATION 3. LEARNING 4. REASONING 5. COMMUNICATION

SOURCES OF KNOWLEDGE 1. TRADITIONAL KNOWLEDGE 2. AUTHORITATIVE KNOWLEDGE 3. SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE

The purpose of Nursing Theory

is to provide direction direction and purpose to the practice of nursing. * Nursing Theories are developed to improve the quality of care rendered by nurses to their client. * Nursing theories serve as an excellent help in the development and expansion of knowledge, and support in different features of learning such as education, research & clinical practice.

Purpose of Nursing Theory in relation to;

1. Edu Educat cation ion  nur nursin sing g theory theory was

used primarily to establish the professions place in the university. 2. Rese esearc arch h  nur nursin sing g research research identifies the philosophical assumptionss or theoretical assumption frameworks from which it proceeds.

-new theoretical perspectives provide an essential service by identifying gasps in the way we approach specific fields of study such as symptom management or quality of life.

3. Prac Practic tice e  the pr prima imary ry contribution of nursing theory when employed in a clinical setting is the facilitation of  reflection, questioning, and thinking about what nurses do. -nursing theory is a useful tool for reasoning, critical thinking, and decision making in nursing practice.

GRAND THEORIES: Broad in scope and complex in nature, they only assist nursing research in occasional manner manner.. MIDDLE RANGE THEORIES: Nursing research are usually based on these theories. It focuses on the discovery of concepts. 

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CRITICAL THEORY: Helps elaborate more on how social structures( race,gender,sex, orientation & economic class) affect experiences & health outcomes. 