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INTRODICTION TO WORLD BANK The World Bank is a United Nations international financial institution and is a vital source of financial and technical assistance to developing countries around the world. It helps governments in developing countries reduce poverty by providing them with money and technical expertise they they need need for for a wide wide rang rangee of pro proec ects ts!s !suc uch h as educ educat atio ion" n" heal health th"" infr infras astr truc uctu ture re"" communications" government reforms" and for many other purposes. The World Bank is a component of the World the United World Bank Group Group" and a member of the United Nations #evelopment $roup. $roup. The World The rld Bank Bank%s %s offi offici cial al goal goal is the the reduct reduction ion of poverty poverty.. &ccor ccordi ding ng to its its &rtic rticle less of &greement" all its decisions must be guided by a commitment to the promotion of foreign foreign investment and investment and international trade and trade and to the facilitation of capital investment. capital investment. The Bank is like a cooperative coo perative in which '(( member countries are shareholders. The World Bank was created at the ')** Bretton Woods +onference" +onference" along with three other institutions" including the International the International ,onetary -und I,-/. The World Bank and the I,- are both based in Washington" #.+." #.+." and work closely with each other. <hough many countries were represented at the Bretton Woods +onference" the United 0tates and United 1ingdom were the most powerful in attendance and dominated the negotiations. 345633446 4463476 3476 The World Bank re2uires sovereign immunity from immunity from countries it deals with. with.3456 0overeign immunity waives a holder from all legal liability for their actions. It is proposed that this immunity from responsibility is a 8shield which 3The World Bank6 wants to resort to" for escaping accountability and security by the people.8 &s the United 0tates has veto power" it can prevent the World World Bank from taking action against its interests. interests.
WORLD BANK AND WORLD BANK GROUP
The term 8World Bank8 refers only to the International Bank for 9econstruction and #evelopment IB9#/ and the International #evelopment &ssociation I#&/. The term 8World Bank $roup8 incorporates five closely associated entities that work collaboratively toward poverty reduction: The World Bank IB9# and I#&/" and three other agencies" The International -inance +orporation I-+/" The ,ultilateral IN;<0T,
VOTING POWER In =>'>" voting powers at the World Bank were revised to increase the voice of developing countries" notably +hina. The countries with most voting power are now the United 0tates '5.(5?/" @apan 4.(*?/" +hina *.*=?/" $ermany *.>>?/" the United 1ingdom A.75?/" -rance A.75?/" India =.)'?/" 9ussia =.77?/" 0audi &rabia =.77?/ and Italy =.4*?/. Under the changes" known as %;oice 9eform Chase =%" countries other than +hina that saw significant gains included 0outh 1orea" Turkey" ,exico" 0ingapore" $reece" BraDil" India" and 0pain. ,ost developed countries% voting power was reduced" along with a few poor countries such as Nigeria. The voting powers of the United 0tates" 9ussia and 0audi &rabia were unchanged.
PRESIDENT, VICE PRESIDENTS AND THE BOARD OF DIERECTORS
The Cresident of the Bank is the president of the entire World Bank $roup. The president" currently @im Eong 1im" is responsible for chairing the meetings of the Boards of #irectors and for overall management of the Bank. Traditionally" the Bank Cresident has always been a U0 citiDen nominated by the United 0tates" the largest shareholder in the bank the ,anaging #irector of the International ,onetary -und having always been a 63='6 The vice presidents of the Bank are its principal managers" in charge of regions" sectors" networks and functions. There are two '>" the number of
W!r! do!" #! Bank $!# %#" &on!'( World Bank raise money in several different ways to support the lowFinterest and noFinterest loans credits/ and grants that the World Bank IB9# and I#&/ offers to developing and poor countries. IB9# lending to developing countries is primarily financed by selling &&&Frated bonds in the world%s financial markets. IB9# bonds are purchased by a wide range of private and institutional investors in North &merica" donor countries. &dditional -unds are regenerated through repayments of loan principal on A5FtoF*>Fyear" noFinterest loans" which are then available for reFlending. I#& accounts for nearly *> percent of o ur lending.
The Bank-India Relations India%s involvement with the World Bank dates back to its earliest days. India was one of the '7 countries which met in &tlantic +ity" U0& in @une ')** to prepare the agenda for the Bretton Woods conference" and one of the ** countries which signed the final &greement that established the Bank. In fact" the name 8International Bank for 9econstruction and #evelopment8 3IB9#6 was first suggested by India to the drafting committee.
The aggregate of the Bank%s lending in India in the last *5 years was approximately H*= billion. India is the single largest borrower of WB and I#&. India has claimed about '5? of total World Bank lending!)? of WB and =(? of I#& commitments. India has been borrowing from the World Bank though IB9# and I#& for various development proects in the area of poverty and alleviations" infrastructure and rural development etc. I#& funds are one of the most confessional external loans for $ovt. of India and are used largely in social sector proects that contribute to the achievement of millennium #evelopment $oal. India is the largest client for the World Bank $roup" which committed a total of H4.* billion to the country during its last fiscal year @uly =>'A to @une =>'*/.