Worksheet Human Development
Purpose of Worksheet The purpose of the worksheet is to help you build and apply concepts. It is very important to apply what you have learned because RBI is putting up tweaked questions rather than direct questions. Work sheet consists of: 1. Fill in the blanks 2. True /False 3. MCQs 4. Match the column The answers along with explanation (wherever required) are given at the end of the worksheet
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Fill in the blanks: 1. _________________ _________________ is is about expanding the richness of human life, rather than simply the richness of the economy in which human beings live. 2. The human development concept was developed by economist ________________ _________________. _. 3. The only year without a Human Development Report since 1990 was ________________ _________________. _. 4. The first Human Development Report introduced the ________________ _________________ _ as a measure of achievement in the basic dimensions of human development across countries. 5. The Human Development Report 2016 is titled _________________ _________________.. 6. India has been placed at _________________among 188 countries in the HDI 2016 (released in 2017). 7. In the Human Development Report 2016, in India, Life Expectancy at Birth is found to be _________________. _________________. multidimensional poverty. 8. _________________ _________________of India’s population is living under multidimensional
9. In India, In July 2016, ________________ _________________became _became the first state to announce its happiness department. 10. ________ 10. _________________ _________ emerged as the happiest country (as per World Happiness Report 2017), followed by Denmark and Iceland in the second and the third position.
True/False
1. Human Development Index (HDI) is a very important indicator of human development and it covers all the aspects of Human Development (True/False). 2. World Happiness Report 2017 is published by the UN Sustainable Development Solutions Network (True/False). 3. India is ranked second among the SAARC countries in the HDI (Human Development Report 2016) (True/False). 4. The Gini coefficient provides an index to measure equality (True/False). 5. The relative difference between IHDI and HDI values is the loss due to inequality in distribution of the HDI within the country (True/False). 6. India has been placed in the group of ‘medium’ human development countries in the Human Development Report 2016 (True/false). 7. India is ranked 88 of 159 countries in the Gender Inequality Index (GII) released in the Human Development Report 2016 (True/False). MCQs 1. _________________ _________________ % of women above the age of 15 years is part of India’s labour force, compared to 79.1 per cent men as per the Human Development Report 2016. a. 30.6 b. 26.8 c. 43.2 d. 19.9 2. India’s Gender Development Index (GDI) is a. 0.819 b. 0.913 2
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c. 0.632 d. 0.934 3. India’s HDI value in the Human Development De velopment Report 2016 is? a. 0.455 b. 0.819 c. 0.624 d. 0.603 4. India’s HDI has been increasing over the years, the 2016 Human Development report says, with an increase of close to ________ to ________________ _________% _% between between 1990 and 2015. a. 52 b. 35 c. 66 d. 46 5. India’s HDI was pegged at 0.624 in the 2016 Human Development Report, but its value falls _________________% _________________% after being adjusted adjusted for inequalities. a. 15 b. 20.7 c. 16.8 d. 27.2 6. In the 2016 Human Development Report, India’s public health expenditure, as a percentage of GDP was found to be? a. 1.6% b. 1.4% c. 1.5% d. 1.8% e. 1.25% 7. In the World Happiness Report 2017, India is at what position out of 155 countries? a. 122 b. 131 c. 127 d. 115 8. Which of the following is not a component of Human Development Index? a. Life Expectancy at Birth b. Mean years of schooling c. Expected years of schooling d. Gross National Income per capita e. Adult Literacy rates 9. The United Nations Development Programme is headquartered at? 3
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a. New York b. Geneva c. Austria d. Washington D.C
Match the Following: Indicator Human Development Index (HDI)
Inequality-Adjusted HDI (IHDI)
Gender Development Index (GDI)
Gender Inequality Index (GII)
Definition It measures gender inequalities in three important aspects of human development — reproductive health, empowerment and economic status. It measures gender gaps in human development achievements by accounting for disparities between women and men in three basic dimensions of human development—health, knowledge and living standards using the same component indicators as in the HDI. It takes into account not only the average achievements of a country on health, education and income, but also how those achievements are distributed among its population by “discounting” each dimension’s average value according to its level of inequality. A measure of achievement in the basic dimensions of human development across countries.
Answers: Fill in the blanks: 1. Human development – or the human development approach: It is about expanding the richness of human life, rather than simply the richness of the economy in which human beings live. 2. Mahbub ul Haq. At the World Bank in the 1970s, 1 970s, and later as minister of finance in his own country, Pakistan, Dr. Haq argued that existing measures of human progress failed to account for the true purpose of development—to improve people’s lives. 3. 2012. 4. Human Development Index (HDI) . 5. Human Development for Everyone. The 2016 Human Development Report by the United Nations Development Programme was released on March 21, 2017, and calculates HDI values based on estimates for 2015. st
6. 131 position . 7. 68.3 years. Life expectancy at birth: In India, it has increased from 68 years (2015 HDI) to an average of 68.3 years — 69.9 years for women and 66.9 years for men.
8. 55.3%. 4
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9. Madhya Pradesh. 10. Norway emerged as the happiest country, followed by Denmark and Iceland in the second and the third position as per the World Happiness Report, 2017. A total of 155 countries were ranked.
True/False 1.
False. Though Human Development Index is a very important indicator in giving us an idea about the well-being of the people of a country, it has its own limitations. The HDI is not a comprehensive measure of human development. It just focuses on the basic dimensions of human development and does not take into account a number of other important dimensions of human development. For example other parameters such as access to clean drinking water, sanitation coverage also play an important role in the development of an individual.
2.
True.
3.
False. India is ranked third among the SAARC countries, behind Sri Lanka (73) and the Maldives (105), both of which figure in the “high human development” category and a little higher than
Bhutan (132), Bangladesh (139), Pakistan (147), Afghanistan (169) and Nepal (144). 4.
False. The Gini coefficient provides an index to measure inequality. It is a way of comparing how distribution of income in a society compares with a similar society in which everyone earned exactly the same amount. Inequality on the Gini scale is measured between 0, where everybody is equal, and 1, where all the country's income is earned by a single person. The higher is the Gini Coefficient, more is gap between rich and poor in a country.
5.
True. The relative difference between IHDI and HDI values is the loss due to inequality in distribution of the HDI within the country. An IHDI value can be interpreted as the level of human development when inequality is accounted for.
6.
True. Countries fall into four broad human development categories: Very High Human Development, High Human Development, Medium Human Development and Low Human Development.
7.
False. India is ranked 125 of 159 countries in the Gender Inequality Index (GII) released as part of Human Development Report 2016.
MCQs 1. Correct answer is b . 2. Correct answer is a. India’s GDI is 0.819, compared to the developing country average of 0.913. The GDI is the ratio of the HDIs calculated separately for females and males using the same methodology as in the HDI. The closer the ratio is to 1, the smaller the gap between women and men. 3. Correct answer is c . India has been placed at 131st position among 188 countries with a score of 0.624 in the Human Development Report 2016. 4. Correct answer is d. India’s HDI has been increasing over the years, the 2016 Human Development report says, with an increase of close to 46% between 1990 and 2015. Its HDI rank has risen by four places since 2010. 5. Correct answer is d . India’s HDI was pegged at 0.624, but its value falls 27.2% after being adjusted for inequalities, resulting in a HDI value of 0.4 55. 6. Correct answer is b . South Asia also has the lowest public expenditure on health as a percentage of GDP, at 1.6%. India’s expenditure is even lower, at 1.4% of GDP.
7. Correct answer is a . India ranked at 122 out of 155 countries in the World Happiness Report 2017 published by the UN Sustainable Development Solutions Network. 5
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8. Correct answer is e . Before 2011, the human development index used adult literacy rates rather than mean years of schooling. 9. Correct answer is a . The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) is the United Nations' global development network. Headquartered in New York City, UNDP advocates for change and connects countries to knowledge, experience and resources to help people build a better life. It provides expert advice, training and grants support to developing countries, with increasing emphasis on assistance to the least developed countries.
Match the Following: Correct Order: Indicator Human Development Index (HDI)
Inequality-Adjusted HDI (IHDI)
Gender Development Index (GDI)
Gender Inequality Index (GII)
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Definition A measure of achievement in the basic dimensions of human development across countries. It takes into account not only the average achievements of a country on health, education and income, but also how those achievements are distributed among its “discounting” each population by dimension’s average value according to its level of inequality. It measures gender gaps in human development achievements by accounting for disparities between women and men in three basic dimensions of human development—health, knowledge and living standards using the same component indicators as in the HDI. It measures gender inequalities in three important aspects of human development — reproductive health, empowerment and economic status.
