Winners-A.docx

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Team Code: 4

BEFORE THE HONOURABLE HONOURABL E SUPREME COURT OF ARESSIAs AHALI CITY

IN THE MATTER MATTER OF

TWO ARESSIAN STATES STATES & OTHERS

….PETITION ER ….PETITIONER

Vs. THE UNION OF ARESSIA

….RESPONENT ….RESPONEN T

FOR THE !IN ATTENTION ATTENTION OF THE HONOURABLE HONOURAB LE CHIEF "USTICE AN HIS COMPANION "USTICES OF THE SUPREME COURT

MEMORANDUM FOR PETITIONER

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

INE# OF AUTHORITIES………………………………………………..

III

STATEMENT STATEMENT OF "URISICTION………………………………………. "URISICTION ……………………………………….

I#

STATEMENT STATEMENT OF FACTS…………………………………………………. FACTS………………………………………………….

#

STATEMENT STATEMENT OF ISSUES………………………………………………....

#III

SUMMARY OF AR$UMENTS…………………………………………….

#IV

AR$UMENTS AVANCE……………………………………………….. AVANCE………………………………………………..

#V

PRA PRAYER

.........………………............. ...................... ....................... .................... ........ OF RELI RELIEF EF…… …….........………………..

##VI


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INE# OF AUTHORITIES A. BOO!S REFERRE ENVIRONMENTAL LAW: 1. P. LEELA KRISHNAN, ENVIRONMENTAL LAW, LEXIS NEXIS, INDIA, 2008, 3RD

EDITION 2. DIVAN ROSENCRANZ, ENVIRONMENTAL LAW AND POLICY IN INDIA, OXFORD, 2010, 11TH EDITION 3. JUSTICE T.S. DAOIA, ENVIRONMENTAL AND PROTECTION LAWS IN INDIA, WADHWA, INDIA, 200! EDITON, VOLUME I AND II ". ROERT AND TOFFLAN WEISZ, CHRONICLES FROM THE ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE FRONTLINE, CAMRID#E, EN#LAND, 2011, 1ST EDITION !. S.C. SHASTRI, ENVIRONMENTAL LAW, EASTERN OOK COMPANY, INDIA, 2008, 3RD EDITION $. ILL MC#ILLIVARY, ENVIRONMENTAL LAW, OXFORD, USA, 2008, %TH EDITION %. SHANTI KUMAR, INTRODUCTION TO ENVIRONMENTAL LAW, WADHWA, INDIA, 2008, 2ND EDITION INTERPRETATION OF STATUTES 1. JUSTICE #.P. SIN#H, PRINCIPLES OF STATUTORY INTERPRETATION, LEXIS NEXIS, INDIA 2010, 12TH EDITION 2. MAXWELL, INTERPRETATION OF STATUTES, LEXIS NEXIS, INDIA, 200$, 12TH EDITION 3. N.S. INDRA, INTERPRETATION OF STATUTES, LEXIS NEXIS, INDIA, 200", &TH EDITION ". VEPA. P. SARATHI, INTERPRETATION OF STATUTES, EASTERN OOK COMPANY, •

INDIA, 2008, !TH EDITION AMINISTRATIVE LAW: %. WADE AND FORSYTH, ADMINISTRATIVE LAW, OXFORD, USA, 200&, 10TH EDITION 2. PARAS DIWAN, ADMINISTRATIVE LAW, ALLAHAAD LAW A#ENCY, INDIA, 200", 3RD EDITION 3. S.P. SATHE, ADMINISTRATIVE LAW, LEXIS NEXIS, INDIA, 200&, %TH EDITION ". I.P. MOSSAY, ADMINISTRATIVE LAW, EASTERN OOK COMPANY, INDIA, 2008, %TH EDITION


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CONSTITUTION 1. D.D. ASU, COMMENTARY ON THE CONSTITUTION OF INDIA, WADHWA, INDIA,

200%, 8TH EDITION, VOLUME I AND II 2. D.D. ASU, CONSTITUTION OF INDIA, LEXIS NEXIS, INDIA, 200&, 8TH EDITION 3. D.D. ASU, SHORTER CONSTITUTION OF INDIA, LEXIS NEXIS, INDIA, 200&, 1"TH EDITION ". D.D. ASU, HUMAN RI#HTS IN CONSTITUTIONAL LAW, LEXIS NEXIS, INDIA, 2008, 3RD EDITION !. DATAR, COMMENTARY ON THE CONSTITUTION OF INDIA, WADHWA, INDIA, 200%, 2ND EDITION, VOLUME I AND II $. H.M. SEERVAI, CONSTITUTION LAW OF INDIA, UNIVERSAL PULICATIONS, INDIA, 200", "TH EDITION, VOLUME I,II AND III %. V.N. SHUKLA, CONSTITUTION LAW OF INDIA, EASTERN OOK COMPANY, INDIA, 2008, 11TH EDITION 8. D.J. DE, CONSTITUTION OF INDIA, ASIA LAW HOUSE,INDIA, 2008, 3RD EDITION &. M.P. JAIN, INDIA CONSTITUTIONAL LAW, LEXIS NEXIS, INDIA, 2010, $TH EDITION LAW LE#ICONS 1. #ARNER, LACK'S LAW DICTIONARY, THOMAS ( WEST, U.S.A, 1&&0, &TH EDITION . WEBSITES REFERRE 1. ))).*+-/+-+-.4 2. ))).56-*/41.4 3. ))).-/-6/44/.47 ". )))./9:;7.4 !. )))./+7.47 $. ))).)-6-:+-.47 %. ))).4+.47 8. ))).9/:.47.-/ &. ))).9/2012.47 10. ))).+/5-74/+/;*<-/;7+-/.47 11. ))).=7-;//-.4 12. ))).-/;+7/;-4/*7-5+7.47 13. ))).7-5+7*-/6.47 1". ))).+/.)-6-497+.47 1!. ))).;>+49;>-/.47 1$. )))./7*:.-)-.47 1%. ))).*+*+75-+-/-.4 18. ))).;>+>-/9.4 1&. ))).;)=7-5+76++:+7.47 20. ))).)47*);+7)++6.47 21. ))).*).47/+**.+9 22. ))).;>+=*9+=446.4 23. ))).?497/*.=7-+.47 2". ))).+4*4@.+4-+/+)47*.47 2!. ))).)47*=/6.47


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2$. ))).-/-/;7-=*>+7-;+.47 2%. ))).*+*9;7.47 28. )))./).45.-/ C. CASE LAWS CITE Issue 1

1. S;>@/7@/ S-/> V L* ( C4 AIR 1&%3 SC 2%20. 2. M/+6 #/>- V T>+ U/-4/ 4 I/-, 1&%8 AIR !&% 3. M>-/+7 V T>+ 9/-4/ 4 I/-/ B1&&! 1 SCC 8!T ". C..M.S.M. S>7 V K7->/ S-/> AIR 1&!& SC 3&! !. N;-4/* H9/ R->; C4--4/ V S;;+ 4 A79/>* P7+> B1&$$ 1 SCC %"2 $. F+7;-*-+7 C47:47;-4/ K7 U/-4/ V U/-4/ 4 I/- AIR 1&81 SC 3"". %. #9:; V T>+ U/-4/ 4 I/- AIR 1&82 SC 1"& 8. I/ R+ 6+7* E9;-4/ -** AIR 1&!& SC &!$. &. JP U/--67->// V S;;+ 4 A/>7 P7+> AIR 1&&3 SC 21%8. 10. VR S>++7 R4 V T+*99 D+ AIR 1&83 AP &$. 11. KK K4>9/- V T>+ S;;+ O M7 AIR 1&!& SC %2!. 12. S.K*);- V D97 P7 AIR 1&%! SC 80. 13. K-7/* V D/@/4= AIR 1&83 SC "$1. 1". MMRDA O-+7 A4-;-4/ K+7/;> R4 #>47:+ V M9=- M+;74:4*-;/ R+-4/* +5*+4:/; A9;>47-;@ B200! 2 SCC 23!. 1!. K9*@ D+5- 47 V L/ A9--;-4/ 4-+7, A97/=, AIR1&8" SC 8&2. Issue 2

1$. M>=-7 P7 J*/ 5. S;;+ 4 ->7, AIR 1&&1 P;."0 BP7 "$ 1%. I/ R+ C95+7@ W;+7 D-:9;+, AIR 1&&2 SC !22 BP7 %,11 18. P79** K97 5. /6 4 C4+7+, AIR 1&"% PC $0. 1&. S9=7/- C>+;;-@7 5. M9;>9)- #49/, AIR 1&"1 FC "%, !1 20. E.V.C>-//-> 5. S;;+ 4 AP. , B200! 1 SCC 3&". 21. A9;44=-*+ T7/:47; 5. S;;+ 4 R?;>/, AIR 1&!8 R?, 11" B11& F.R. 22. R.M.D C>7=99* V. T>+ U/-4/ 4 I/-, AIR 1&!% S.C. $28 B$33. 23. R+>/ S>44 5. S;;+ 4 J9 / K>-7, AIR 1&$0 SC 1 B$. Issue 3

2". E.P. R4@:: 5. S;;+ 4 T.N. B1&%" " SCC 3 2!. M/+6 #/>- 5. U/-4/ 4 I/-, B1&%8 1 SCC 2"8 2$. A4-;+ P745-/-* P-;97+ H49+ L;. 5. W+/+=97@ C47:47;-4/ B1&"8 1 K 223 2%. S>7-*+6> V-@7;>- 5. S;;+ 4 U.P. , B1&&1 1 SCC 212 S;@*+ BD7+ L/ 5. U/-4/ T+77-;47@ 4 C>/-7> B1&&& % SCC 8& 28. C4/9+7 A;-4/ #749: 5. S;;+ 4 T.N. B2000 % SCC "2! 2&. R4 5. I/-, AIR 1&%1 SC 1002 30. S;;+ 4 M.P 5. N/**, AIR 1&88 SC 2!1 31. O/67 L* ?? 5. U/-4/ 4 I/-, B2003 2 SCC $%3


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32. H7-/+7 5. U/-4/ 4 I/- AIR 1&8$ SC 1!2% 33. /7- A/ S97 L;. 5. CTO B200! 1 SCC $2! 3". R+- 5. C45+7;, 3!" U.S. 1 B1&!% 3!. ADM J=*:97 5. S>96*, AIR 1&%$ SC 120% 3$. F7/- C47*-+ 5. U/-4/ T+77-;47@ 4 D+*>- B1&81 1 SCC $08 3%. M.C +>; 5. S;;+ 4 O7- AIR 1&&2 47- 22! 38. N7 =>4 /4*/ 5. U/-4/ 4 I/- B2000  10 SCC $$" 3&. A.P P4**9;-4/ 4/;74* =47 2 5.M.V N@99 B2001 2 SCC $2 "0. M.C M+>; 5. U/-4/ 4 I/- AIR 1&8% SC 108$ "1. N-*=;- +>+7 BS;. *- L-; +>+7 5. S;;+ 4 O7- AIR 1&&3 SC 1&$0 "2. S4/ -/> 5.N+) +*>- 9/--:* 4-;;++. B1&8& " SCC 1!! "3. P;>9 5. S;;+ 4 K+7*, AIR 1&%8 SC %%1B%%%  B1&%8 2 SCR !3%  B1&%8 2 SCC 1. "". C>-/;/ R4 5. S;;+ 4 M>@ P7+> AIR 1&!1 SC 118B11& "!. C47:47;-4/ 4 *9;; 5. C*9;; ;7)@ L;, AIR 1&$" SC 12%&  #45-/?- 5. D+:9;@ 4/;74**+7 4 I:47; / E:47;, 1&$& SCJ &3.

Issue 4

"$. T. D4>7 R4 5. S.O. M9/--:* C47:/, H@+7=, AIR 1&8% AP 1%1 "%. I/-/ C49/-* 47 E/5-74 L+* A;-4/ . U/-4/ 4 I/-, B1&&$ ! SCC 281 "8. V+**47+ C-;-G+/ W+*7+ F479 5. U/-4/ 4 I/-, B1&&$ ! SCC $"% "&. M.C. M+>; 5. U/-4/ 4 I/- B1&&% 2 SCC "11 !0. M.C. M+>; 5. U/-4/ 4 I/-, B1&&8 & SCC !8& !1. N7 >4 A/4*/ 5. U/-4/ 4 I/-, B2000 10 SCC $$" !2. F7/- C47*-+ 5. U/-4/ T+77-;47@ 4 D+*>- B1&81 1 SCC $08 !3. I/;+**+;9* F479, T-79:;>- 5. S;;+ 4 A.P,AIR 200$ SC 13!0 !". #4 F49/;-4/ ( O7. 5. S;;+ 4 #4 !!. U/-4/ 4 I/- 5. #.M. K46-*, 1&8" BS9:: SCC 1&$ !$. S49;> I/- C47:47;-4/ BP L; 5. S+@., 47 4 R+5+/9+, T7-5/79, AIR 1&$" SC 20% B21! !%. P//** /-** P;-* 5. S;;+ 4 A/>7 P7+>, 1&&$ B1 S*+ "0! B"1!. !8. T.R.T>/97 5. U/-4/ 4 I/-, AIR 1&&$ SC 1$"3. !&. P9/?= S-6> R+9*7 M4;47 S+75-+, M49>:7, R-:97 5. R+-4/* T7/:47; A9;>47-;@, R-:97, AIR 1&$$ SC 1318. $0. R97* L-;-;-4/ / E/;-;*++/; K+/7 5. S;;+ 4 UP., AIR 1&88 SC 218%. $1. T>@@ 5. R?> T@:9:;-, AIR 1&30 M &$3. $2. P9>: - 5. S9*4>/ M+/4/ B1&!& 1 A/> WR 3$3. $3. R 5. L4/4/ CC B18&3 2  "!" B"$2. $". 9*45 W;> C4 5. U/-;+ S;;+, 3$! US %!3. $!. A9;>47-+ O-+7 5. M. R)@ #49/+7 B1&83 MAD LJ 2$&. $$. C74/ S>9 C4 5. VK #4@*, AIR 1&%& R? 1.


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STATEMENT OF "URISICTION

1. T>+ :+;-;-4/+7 9=-; ;4 ;>+ ?97--;-4/ 4 ;>- H4/'=*+ C497; 9/+7 A7; 133 4 ;>+ A7+-/ C4/;-;9;-4/ )>-> **4) 47 ;>+ S9:7++ C497; ;4 :  7+/ 47+7 4/ ;>+ H-> C497;.


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2. T>+ :+;-;-4/+7 9=-; ;4 ;>+ ?97--;-4/ 4 ;>- H4/'=*+ C497; 9/+7 A7; 131 4 ;>+ A7+-/ C4/;-;9-4/ )>-> -5+ ;>+ S9:7++ C497; 47--/* J97--;-4/ 45+7 -:9;+ =+;)++/ ;>+ C+/;7* #45+7/+/; / 4/+ 47 47+ ;;+.

3. T>+ ?97--;-4/ 4 ;>- H4/'=*+ C497; 9/+7 A7; 32 4 ;>+ A7+-/ C4/;-;9;-4/ - -/546+  ;>+7+ -  5-4*;-4/ 4 A7;-*+ 1", 1& B1 B / 21

". T>+ P+;-;-4/+7 9=-; ;4 ;>+ ?97--;-4/ 4 ;>- H4/'=*+ C497; 9/+7 ;>+ N;-4/* #7++/ T7-=9/* A;, 2010 )>-> **4) 47 ::+* ;4 =+ :7++77+ ;4 ;>+ H4/'=*+ S9:7++ C497; )-;>-/ &0 @ 4 4+/++/; 4 )7.

STATEMENT OF FACTS

A7+-, -  S49;> A-/ 49/;7@ )-;>  )7-;;+/ 4/;-;9;-4/  /  ;74/ +/;7*--/ ;+/+/@. A7+- -  */ 4 /@ 7-5+7 )>-> -/*9+ ;7/<=49/7@ R-5+7. I; +4/4@ ) -/*@ =+ 7-9*;97+ / ->-/. 9; -/ ;>+ :; +) ++ ;>+7+ > =++/ >47;+ 4 );+7, )>-> *+ ;4 ;>+ -*97+ 4 7-9*;97+ / 4--4/ 4 9--+ =@ /@ 7+7.


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I/ ;>+ @+7 200&, / N4 /+ ACLU -*+  )7-; :+;-;-4/ -/ H4/'=*+ SC 4 A7+- -;-/ ;>+ :*->; 4 ;>+ 7+7, )4+/ 4*6 / 9;+ );+7 >47;+ -/ ;>+ 7+. I; :4-/;+ 49; /@ 7+4/ 47 ;>+ >47;+ 4 );+7 -/*9-/ -/9;7-* ;-5-;@, 7-9*;97+ / 97=/ +5+*4:+/;. A ;9@ 7+:47; ) 9=-;;+ >4)-/ ;>+ +*-/+ -/ ;>+ /9=+7 4 7-5+7 -/ A7+- 74 ;>+ 1&$0' ;4 ;>+ 1&80' / ;>+/ ;4 2000, 74 %82 ;4 32" 49; 4 )>-> !0 4 ;>+ *;;+7 )+7+ >->*@ :4**9;+. T4 7+ ;>- -9+, ;>+ ACLU 9+;+ ;>+ *-/6-/ 4 7-5+7 74 ;>+ 49/;7@ )>-> ;>+ SC 4 A7+- 4/-+7+ / ;>+/ -7+;+ ;>+ C+/;7* #45+7/+/; ;4 4/;-;9;+  >-> *+5+* +:+7; 4-;;++ ;4 4/9;  ;9@ 4/ ;>+ :74?+;' 5-=-*-;@. I; *4 -7+;+ ;>+ C+/;7+ ;4 4/;-;9;+  4-;;+ ;4 4/9; E/5-74/+/; I:; A++/; / ;>9 -:4+ ;>+ )7-; :+;-;-4/. I/ D++=+7 200&, ;>+ C+/;7+ ::4-/;+ =4;> ;>+ 4-;;++. T>+ EIA 4-;;++ 4:7-+ 4 7+:7++/;;-5+ 74 57-49 +;-4/ -/*9-/ +/5-74/+/;* +:+7;, 4/+7/+ :7;-+ / =4;> ;;+ / +/;7* 45+7/+/; 7+:7++/;;-5+. I/ M@ 2010. T>+ H-> L+5+* E:+7; C4-;;++ 9=-;;+  +;-*+ 7+:47; 9+;-/ ;>+ *-/6-/ 4 +7;-/ 7-5+7 ;4 -;-;+ ;>+ );+7 >47;+ :74=*+. T>+ EIA 4-;;++ -+/;--+ 57-49 4-* / +/5-74/+/;* >7 ;>; 49* =+ 9+ =@ ;>+ :74?+; / 9+;+ +7;-/ :7+9;-4/7@ +97+. T>+ L-/6-/ 4 R-5+7 A;, 2010 ) +/;+ -/ A99; 2010 9/+7 )>->, S.3 4 ;>+ A; 5+ ;>+ C+/;7* #45+7/+/; ;>+ :4)+7 ;4 /@ +97+ +++ /++7@ 47 +/97-/ +-=-*-;@ 4 );+7 / *-/6-/ 4 7-5+7 ** 45+7 ;>+ 49/;7@. F97;>+7 S.3 B3 4 ;>+ A; :745-+ 47 ;>+  4/;-;9;-4/ 4 / A9;>47-;@ 47 ;>+ ++7-+ 4 9> :4)+7 / :+747/+ 4 9> 9/;-4/ /++7@ 47 *-/6-/ 7-5+7 74 ;>+ 49/;7@. T>+ A9;>47-;@ 47 L-/6-/ 4 R-5+7 BALR ) 4/;-;9;+ 4/ ;>+ =- 4 ;>- :745--4/. T>+ :74?+; ) 7-;--+ =@ 57-49 S;;+ 45+7/+/; )>4 -;+ ;>+-7 4/+7/, =4;> +/5-74/+/;* / 4;>+7)-+. I; ) *4 7-;--+ =@ 57-49 N#O  =+-/  :4*-;-* 45+ ;4 );+7 ;4 -/9;7-+ 4 4+ ;;+ / ;>+@ *4 /4;+ ;>+ 7-6 4 4779:;-4/. T>+ C+/;7+ +-+ ;4 >+*5+ ;>+ :74?+; 47 ;>+ ;-+ =+-/ 9+ ;4 ** ;>+ 4::4-;-4/ ;4 ;>+ :74?+;. I/ A:7-* 2011, ;>+7+ )  >/+ -/ ;>+ C+/;7+ )-;> ;>+ D+47;- P747+-5+ A**-/+ BDPA 4-/ -/;4 :4)+7. T>+ /+) P7-+ M-/-;+7 :74-+ ;>+ I:*++/;;-4/ 4 ;>+ :74?+; ;4 :745-+ );+7 47 7-/6-/, /-;;-4/, 7-9*;97* / -/9;7-* :97:4+. D9+ ;4 ;>+ *7+ -//-* =97+/, -; ) ;4 =+ -:*++/;+ -/ ;>7++ :>+.


10

T>+ ALR -/*9+ - ;;+, S4/, N47/, A>*-, N+79, V-/>@ / P7* -/ ;>+ -7; :>+. T4 ;+, ** ;>+ 7-5+7 -/ ;>++ ;;+ =+*4/ +*9-5+*@ ;4 ;>4+ ;>+ =9; ;+7 -/;+7<*-/6-/ ;>+@ )-** =+ -/;+7;;+. T>- -/*9+ ;>+ R-5+7 >75- )>-> )  ;7/<=49/7@ 7-5+7 *4)-/ 74 N+79 ;4 ;>+ /+->=497-/ 49/;7@ 4 47+-. T>+ S;;+ 4 A>*- / P7* >5+ 4=?+;+ ;>+ 45+ 4 ;>+ ALR / ::74>+ ;>+ H4/'=*+ SC 4 A7+- >**+/-/ ;>+ 5*--;@ 4 ;>+ A;, 79-/ ;>; S.3 - U*;7 V-7+ ;4 ;>+ A7+-/ C4/;-;9;-4/ / - / +/74>+/; =@ ;>+ C+/;7+ 4/ ;>+ S;;+ :4)+7. T>+ ;;+ 4 V-/>@ :4++ ;>+ *7+; )+;*/ -/ A7+- )>-> > =++/ -/*9+ 4/ ;>+ R7 L-; 4 W+;*/ 4 I/;+7/;-4/* I:47;/+. A ;;+ EIA 4-;;++ -+/;--+ ;>; ;>+ ILR :74?+; )49* >7 ;>+ )+;*/ / 4/ ;>+ =- 4 -; 7+:47;, ;>+ C+/;7* #45+7/+/; -7+;+ ;>+ ALR ;4 +*9+ ;>+ ;;+ 74 ;>+ ILR :74?+;. 12 7-5+7 74 V-/>@ )+7+ ;4 =+ *-/6+ )-;> 7-5+7 -/ N47/ )>-> ) -/  );+7 S>47;+. F7+7 -/ =4;> ;>+ ;;+, 47+ ;>+ S5+ ;>+ F7+7 F479' / ::74>+ ;>+ H4/'=*+ SC 4 A7+- 9/+7 A7; 32 4 ;>+ C4/;-;9;-4/ 4 A7+- ;4 >5+  )7-; 4 /9 -9+. I; ) 79+ ;>; /4/<-:*++/;;-4/ 4 ;>+ :74?+; )49* *+ ;4 5-4*;-4/ 4 9/+/;* 7->; 4 ;>+ :+4:*+ 4 =4;> ;;+. I/ A:7-* 2013, ;>+ 47+-/ M-/-;+7 4 F47+; / A7-9*;97+ 4/ 5--; ;4 ;>+ U/-4/ 4 A7+-, 7+9+;+ ;>+ +*9-4/ 4 ;>+ R-5+7 >75- 74 ;>+ -7; :>+ 4 ;>+ :74?+;. 9; -; ) 7+?+;+, 4/-+7-/ ;>+ :74:+;-5+ =+/+-; 4 -; -/*9-4/. T>+ F479 47 E/5-74/+/;* R->; BFER, / -/;+7/;-4/* N#O )-;> -; >+ 4-+ -/ 47+- /  =7/> 4-+ -/ 47/, ;>+ :-;* 4 N+79 ::74>+ ;>+ H4/'=*+ HC 4 N+79 >**+/-/ ;>+ -/*9-4/ 4 >75-  =+-/ 5-4*;-5+ 4 ;>+ 9/+/;* 7->; 4 ;>+ :+4:*+ 4 47+- / +;79;-4/ 4 ;>+ +/5-74/+/; ;>+7+. T>+ )7-; :+;-;-4/ ) --+ =@ ;>+ HC 4 N+79 4/ ;>+ +:;/+ 4  :7+*--/7@ 4=?+;-4/ 7-+ =@ ;>+ 7+:4/+/;. A/ ::+* > =++/ :7++77+ ;4 ;>+ H4/'=*+ SC 4 A7+-. I/ M7> 201",  /+) >//+* ;+*+; / -/;+75-+) )>+7+ 4+ +=+7 4 ;>+ EIA 4-;;++ ::4-/;+ =@ ;>+ C+/;7* #45+7/+/; -*4+ ;>; +7;-/ ;;+ 49* + 57-49 +/5-74/+/;* -;+7   4/+9+/+ 4 ;>+ ILR :74?+;. F497 +=+7, ;)4 7+:7++/;-/ N#O / ;)4


11

7+:7++/;-/ ;>+ C+/;7* #45+7/+/; 4/++ ;4 :4*-;-* :7+97+ 47  5497=*+ EIA 7+:47;. T>- >+5-*@ :9=*--+ /+) 9+ )-+ :7+ :74;+; -/; ;>+ ILR :74?+;. T>+ C+/;7+ 47 E/5-74/+/;* R->; / A54@ BCERA, / N#O ::74>+ ;>+ N;-4/* #7++/ T7-=9/* 4 A7+-, >**+/-/ ;>+ *+*-;@ 4 ;>+ L-/6-/ 4 R-5+7 A;, 2010 4/ ;>; 749/ ;>; -; 5-4*;+ ;>+ +/5-74/+/;* 7->; 4 ;>+ -;-G+/ 4 A7+- / *4 ;>+ :745--4/ 4 ;>+ F47+; BC4/+75;-4/ A;, 1&80. I; ) --+ / / ::+* ) :7++77+ ;4 ;>+ H4/'=*+ S9:7++ C497; 4 A7+-.

STATEMENT OF ISSUES

I.

W>+;>+7 ;>+ :+;-;-4/ -*+ =@ ;>+ FER - -/;-/=*+ -/ ;>+ H-> C497; 4 N+79

II.

W>+;>+7 S.3 4 ;>+ L-/6-/ 4 R-5+7 A;, 2010 - U*;7 V-7+ ;>+ C4/;-;9;-4/ 4 A7+-


12

III.

W>+;>+7, ;>+ +*9-4/ 4 / /4/<-:*++/;;-4/ 4 L-/6-/ 4 R-5+7 P74?+; 47 ;>+ S;;+ 4 V-/>@ - 5-4*;-5+ 4 9/+/;* 7->; 4 :+4:*+ 4 ;>+ S;;+ 4 V-/>@ / N47/

IV.

W>+;>+7 ;>+ L-/6-/ 4 R-5+7 A;, 2010 5-4*;+ ;>+ +/5-74/+/;* 7->; 4 ;>+ :+4:*+ 4 A7+- / ;>+ :745--4/ 4 ;>+ F47+; BC4/+75;-4/ A;, 1&80

SUMMARY OF AR$UMENTS I.

We'e( 'e )e'*'*o+ ,*-ed / 'e FER *s ma*+'a*+a-e *+ 'e H*0 Co1(' o, Ne(1da2

T>+ :+;-;-4/+7 9=-; ;>; ;>+ :7++/; :+;-;-4/ - -/;-/=*+ -/ ;>+ H-> C497; 4 N+79. T>+7+ > =++/ / -/7-/++/; 4 =4;> 9/+/;* / *+* 7->; 4 ;>+ :+4:*+ 4 47+-. P+;-;-4/+7 FER  47+- =+ 47/-;-4/ -/ N+79 >5+ 9--+/; -/;+7+; -/ ;>- 9+, ;>+7+=@ >5-/ L49 ;/;- ;4 -*+ ;>- ::+*. A7;-*+ 133 4 ;>+ A7+-/ C4/;-;9;-4/ :745-+ 47 ::+* ;4 ;>+ S9:7++ C497; -/ C-5-* ;;+7. T>+ S.C / 7+/ ;>+ ;;+7 ;4 ;>+ H-> C497;, )>-> > ;4 ;6+ -; 9:   7+> :+;-;-4/ II.

We'e( S.3 o, 'e L*+*+0 o, R*5e(s A6'7 89%9 *s U-'(a V*(es 'e Co+s'*'1'*o+ o, A(ess*a2

T>+ :+;-;-4/+7 9=-; ;>;, S+;-4/ 3 4 L-/6-/ 4 R-5+7 A;, 2010 - U*;7 V-7+ ;4 ;>+


13

4/;-;9;-4/. T>+ C+/;7+ > :4)+7 4/*@ ;4 *+-*;+ 9:4/ ;>+ -/;+7;;+ 7-5+7. I/ ;>- + ** ;>+ 7-5+7 -/ ;>+ - S;;+ 7+ )-;>-/ ;>+ ;+77-;47@ 4 ;>4+ ;;+. T>+7+47+ ;>+ +/;7+ > 4/+ =+@4/ -; *+-*;-5+ 4:+;+/+, ;>+7+=@ ;;7;-/ ;>+ D4;7-/+ 4 P-;> / 9=;/+. III.

We'e(7 'e e6-1s*o+ o, a+d +o+;*m)-eme+'a'*o+ o, L*+*+0 o, R*5e(s P(o
T>+ :+;-;-4/+7 9=-; ;>; ;>+ +*9-4/ 4 ;>+ S;;+ 4 V-/>@ - 5-4*;-5+ 4 A7;-*+ 1", 1& B1 B / 21 4 ;>+ A7+-/ C4/;-;9;-4/. T>+ ;-4/ 4 ;>+ C+/;7+ - 7=-;77@ / 9/7+4/=*+. F97;>+7 ;>+ W+;*/ BC4/+75;-4/ / M/++/; R9*+, 2010 +*9+ -/ 7-5+7 >//+* 47 ;>+ +-/-;-4/ 4 )+;*/. T>+ 7->; ;4 );+7, *-+ / ;4 *-5+ )-;> >9/ -/-;@ 7+ =+-/ +:7-5+, N47/ *4 9+7 74 / 9;+ >47;+ 4 );+7. T>+ *6 4 + ;4 );+7 IV.

7+;7-; ;>+ 7+7 74 :7;--/ ;>+-7 ;7+, 5-4*;-/ ;>+ 7++4 4 ;7+. We'e( 'e L*+*+0 o, R*5e(s A6'7 89%9 5*o-a'es 'e e+5*(o+me+'a- (*0's o, 6*'*=e+s o, A(ess*a a+d 'e )(o5*s*o+s o, 'e Fo(es' >Co+se(5a'*o+? A6'7 %@92

T>+ C497; >5+ +/>7-/+ ;>+ R->; ;4 E/5-74/+/;   :7; 4 R->; ;4 L-+. T>+ +5+7+ +/5-74/+/;* +7;-4/ 7+9*;-/ 74 ;>+ ILR :74?+; )-** *+ ;4 5-4*;-4/ 4 ;>- 7->;. F97;>+7, ;>+ /4/ 4=;/;;+ *9+ -/ S+;-4/ 3 4 ;>+ F47+; BC4/+75;-4/ A;, 1&80 / ;>; ;>+ - A; -  :+-* A; >49* -5+ -; :7-47-;@ 45+7 T>+ L-/6-/ 4 R-5+7 A;, 2010 )>-> 5-4*;+ -; :745--4/. AR$UMENTS AVANCE

I.

We'e( 'e )e'*'*o+ ,*-ed / Fo(1m ,o( E+5*(o+me+'a- R*0's >FER? *s ma*+'a*+a-e *+ 'e H*0 Co1(' o, Ne(1da2 We'e( 'e )e'*'*o+e( as -o61s s'a+d* 'o a))(oa6 'e H*0 Co1(' o, Ne(1da2

S.C > ;>+ ?97--;-4/ ;4 +;+7-/+ ;>+ *49 S;/- 4 ;>+ :+;-;-4/+7 ;4 :7++/; ;>+ :+;-;-4/ 9/+7 A7;-*+ 22$ 4 ;>+ A7+-/ 4/;-;9;-4/ 1. O/+ / ::74> ;>+ >-> 497; -, 9/+/;* 7->; 47 *+* 7->; > =++/ +;+. T>+ :+;-;-4/+7 9=-; ;>; ;>+, - ;>+ *-/6-/ 4 7-5+7 :74?+; ;6+ :*+ ;>+ );+7 74 7-5+7 =>75- )-** /4; 7+> ;>+ 1 S;>@/7@/ S-/> V L* ( C4 AIR 1&%3 SC 2%20.


14

:+4:*+ 4 47+-, ;>+7+=@ +:7-5-/ 4 ;>+-7 7->; ;4 *-5+*->44, )>-> - 45+7+ 9/+7 A7;-*+ 21 4 ;>+ A7+-/ 4/;-;9;-4/. O=?+; 4 A7;-*+ 21 - ;4 :7+5+/; +/74>+/; 9:4/ :+74/* *-=+7;@ / >49* =+ 4/;79+ -/  )-+7 +/+2. A/@ :+74/ )>4 4:*-/ 4 /@ -/7;-4/ 4 /@ F9/+/;* 7->; 97/;++ =@ ;>+ 4/;-;9;-4/ - ; ;>+ *-=+7;@ ;4 45+ ;4 ;>+ 497;, -/*9-/ 47:47;+ =4-+ 3. C+7;-/ 9/+/;* 7->; 7+ 4/+77+ 4/*@ ;4 ;>+ -;-G+/ 4 ;>+ 49/;7@ ", =9;  /4/<-;-G+/ 47  4:/@ 47  ;;9;47@ 9;>47-;@ / ::*@ 47 +/47-/ /@ 4 ;>+ 9/+/;* 7->; 97/;++ ;4 ** :+74/. I; - ;>+ 4=*-;-4/ 4 ;>+ S;;+ ;4 :74;+; ;>+ *-+ / *-=+7;@ 4 +5+7@ H9/ =+-/, =+ >+  -;-G+/ 47 /4; !.M+/-/ 4 ;>+ :+74/ >  5+7@ )-+7 4:+, 47-/ ;4 =*6 *) -;-4/7@,  :+74/ +/  H9/ =+-/ $. P+;-;-4/+7 -/ ;>- + -  47+-/ =+ N4 >5-/ -; =7/> 4-+ -/ N+79. I / 47/-;-4/ >5-/ :+-* -/;+7+; -/ ;>+ 9=?+; ;;+7 47  +=+7 ;>+7+4 >49* =+ **4)+ ;4 ::*@ %. T>+ 4/+:; 4 7-+5+ :+74/ > =++/ +/*7+, ;4 -/*9+ /@ :9=*- :-7-;+ -/-5-9* 47 4-;-4/ 8, ;-/ =4/ -+ ;>+ 9+ 4 ?9;-+ / -; - /4; :97:47;+ =@ /@ :4*-;-* 4;-5+ &. T>++ ;@:+ 4 :+;-;-4/ )-** =+ +/;+7;-/+ -  ++/; 4 :9=*- - -/;+7+;+ / ;>+ :+;-;-4/+7 - /4; 7-+5+ -/ >- -/-5-9* :-;@ *4/+. O97 977+/; :74+9* ?97-:79+/+ - =74 =+, :+4:*+ 47-+/;+ / +/5--4/ + ;4 ?9;-+ ;>749> * ;-4/, :9=*- -/;+7+; *-;-;-4/ / 7+:7++/;;-5+ :74++-/. I/ +;+7-/-/ ;>+ 4:+ / =-; 4 ;>+ 9/+/;* 7->;, ;>+ 497; @ /4; +/;-7+*@ -/47+ ;>+ -7+;-5+ :7-/-:*+ 4 ;;+ :4*-@ *- 4)/ -/ P; " 4 ;>+ 4/;-;9;-4/, =9; >49* ;;+:; ;4 -5+ ++;

2 M/+6 #/>- V T>+ U/-4/ 4 I/- 3 M>-/+7 V T>+ 9/-4/ 4 I/-/ B1&&! 1 SCC 8!. 4 C.M.S.M. S>7 V K7->/ S-/> AIR 1&!& SC 3&!. 5 N;-4/* H9/ R->; C4--4/ V S;;+ 4 A79/>* P7+> B1&$$ 1 SCC %"2 6 #ARNER, LACK'S LAW DICTIONARY, THOMAS ( WEST, U.S.A, 1&&0, &TH EDITION 7 F+7;-*-+7 C47:47;-4/ K7 U/-4/ V U/-4/ 4 I/- AIR 1&81 SC 3"". 8 -=- 9 #9:; V T>+ U/-4/ 4 I/- AIR 1&82 SC 1"&.


15

;4 =4;>  9>  :4-=*+ 10. T>+ 4/-;+/; ::74> 4 ;>+ 497; - 4:;-/ ;>+ ::74> ;>; ;>+ 9/+/;* R->; / D-7+;-5+ P7-/-:*+ 7+ 9::*++/;7@ / 4:*++/;7@ ;4 +> 4;>+7 / ;>; ;>+ :745--4/ -/ ;>+ P7; 3 >49* =+ -/;+7:7+;+ >5-/ 7+7 ;4 ;>+ :7+=*+ / ;>+ D-7+;-5+ P7-/-:*+ 4 S;;+ P4*-@11. A** :7; 4 ;>+ 4/;-;9;-4/ 9; =+ 7+ ;4+;>+7 / >74/-49*@ 12. A7;-*+ !1B  4 ;>+ A7+-/ C4/;-;9;-4/ :745-+ ;>; ;>+ S;;+ >** 4;+7 7+:+; 47 -/;+7/;-4/* *) / ;7+;@ 4=*-;-4/ -/ ;>+ +*-/ 4 47/-+ :+4:*+ / 4/+ / 4;>+7. I; - 9=-;;+ =@ ;>+ :+;-;-4/+7 ;>; ;>+ I/;+7/;-4/* *) >5+ =-/-/ 47+ -/ ;>+ I/-/ 497;. T>+ -/;+7:7+;;-4/ 4  ;;9;+, ;>+ 497; )49* 4 4/;79+, - :4-=*+,  )-** /4; 5-4*;+ /@ +;=*->+ :7-/-:*+ 4 I/;+7/;-4/* L)13. A7;-*+ 1$ 4 ;>+ I/;+7/;-4/* C45+//; 4/ C-5-* / P4*-;-* R->; ;;+ ;>; +5+7@4/+ >** >5+ ;>+ 7->; ;4 7+4/-;-4/ +5+7@)>+7+   :+74/ =+47+ ;>+ *). I; 4**4) 74 A7;-*+ $ 4 ;>+ U/-;+ N;-4/ D+*7;-4/ 4 H9/ R->;. A::*-;-4/ 9/+7 A7;-*+ 22$ 4 ;>+ A7++-/ 4/;-;9;-4/ / =+ :7++/;+ - ;>+ ::*-/; *+* 7->; > =++/ ;>7+;+/+ )-;>  *+* :+7-* 1".T>+ :+;-;-4/+7 9=-;, ;>; *-/6-/ 4 7-5+7 )-** /4; 4/*@ +; ;>+ 9/+/;* 7->; 4 :+4:*+ 4 47+-, =9; )-** *4 *+ ;4 ;>+ +;79;-4/ 4 47+;, )-**-+ / 9=+7+/+ 4 )+;*/. I/ >+7+ -/*9+ ;>+ 4/5+/;-4/ / 4;>+7 -/;+7/;-4/* *) 47 ;>+ /4;+=446, ;>+7+=@ +;-/ ;>+ *+* 7->; 4 ;>+ :+4:*+ -/ 47+- We'e( S1)(eme Co1(' as 'e )oe( 'o d*(e6' 'e H*0 6o1(' 'o e+'e('a*+ '*s )e'*'*o+2

T>+ :+;-;-4/+7 >+7+-/ > ::74>+ ;>- H4/'=*+ SC 9/+7 A7;-*+ 133 B3 4 ;>+ A7+-/ C4/;-;9;-4/. T>+ 7;-*+ :745-+ 47 / ::+* ;4 ;>+ SC 74 ;>+ ?9++/;, +7++ 47 -/* 47+7. A/ 47+7 4 ;>+

10 I/ R+ 6+7* E9;-4/ -** AIR 1&!& SC &!$. 11 JP U/--67->// V S;;+ 4 A/>7 P7+> AIR 1&&3 SC 21%8. 12 VR S>++7 R4 V T+*99 D+ AIR 1&83 AP &$. ;> 13 C. M)+**B13 E., ::. 183<8$

14 KK K4>9/- V T>+ S;;+ O M7 AIR 1&!& SC %2!.


16

H-> 497; 9/+7 A7; 22$ / 22% 4 ;>+ A7+-/ 4/;-;9;-4/ )49* =+ / 47+7 -/  -5-* :74++-/ 4 ;>+ H-> C497; / 4 ** 9/+7 A7; 133 1!. T>+ :+;-;-4/ -/ ;>+ H4/'=*+ H-> C497; 9/+7 A7;-*+ 22$ 4 ;>+ A7+-/ 4/;-;9;-4/ ) --+ ->;-/ :7+*--/7@ 4=?+;-4/. T>- ::+* - :7++77+ -/ ;>+ H4/'=*+ S.C ;4 -7+; ;>+ H-> C497; ;4 ;6+ 9: ;>- ;;+7 47 4/-+7;-4/. T>+ S.C )-** -/;+7+7+, - - ;--+ ;>; ;>+ J9;-+ 4 ;>; + 7+9-7+ -/;+7+7+/+. I/ ;>+ + 4 S. K*);- 5 D97 P7, -; ) >+* ;>; ;>+ /4/< 7+4/-/ 47 ---/ ;>+ :+;-;-4/ -/ *--/+ )-** +546+ ;>+ ?97--;-4/ 4 ;>+ S9:7++ C497;. W>+/ ;>+ 47+7 4 ;>+ H.C 497; - 9/;-;47@ / ;>+ + //4; =+ -:4+ 4 )-;>49; 97;>+7 -/5+;-;-4/, ;>+/ ;>+ S9:7++ C497; / -7+; ;>+ >-> 497; ;4 ;6+ 9: ;>- ;;+7. T>+ 47+7 4 ;>+ >-> 497; - /4; -*4+ /@ 7+4/ 47 ;>+ --*. O/+ )47 --* 47+7 =@ ;>+ H-> C497;, ;>+ S9:7++ C497; 49/ ;>; ;>+ ::+**/; 49* >5+ 7-+ +7-49 9+;-4/ 4 *) / ;>+ ;;+7 ) 7+/+ ;4 ;>+ H-> C497; 1$. R+4/ 9=;-;9;+ 9=?+;-5-;@ =@ 4=?+;-5-;@. R->; ;4 7+4/ - / -/-:+/=*+ :7; 4  49/ ?9--* @;+. T>+ +;+ :7;@ / 6/4) )>@ ;>+ +--4/ > 4/+ -/; >- 1%. W>+/ ;>+ S9:7++ C497;, +; -+ ;>+ ?9++/; 4 ;>+ H-> C497; / 7+/ ;>+ + 47 -:4* 47-/ ;4 *), ;>+ H-> C497; 9; )7-;+  7+> ?9+/; / //4; 7+ 477+; -; 4* ?9+/; 4/ ;>+ 7+47  -; ?9+/; ;+7 7+/18. A*4 - ;>+ S9:7++ C497; 4+ /4; 4 -/;4 ;>+ +7-; 4 ;>+ +, -; 4+ )-;>49; @-/ ;>; ;>+ H-> C497; >** :  :+6-/ 47+7 7+47-/ ;>+ 7+4/ 47 ;>+ +1&. II. We'e( S.3 o, 'e L*+*+0 o, R*5e(s A6' 89%9 *s U-'(a5*(es 'o 'e Co+s'*'1'*o+ o, A(ess*a2

15 S.K*);- V D97 P7 AIR 1&%! SC 80. 16 K-7/* V D/@/4= AIR 1&83 SC "$1. 17 MMRDA O-+7 A4-;-4/ K+7/;> R4 #>47:+ V M9=- M+;74:4*-;/ R+-4/* +5*+4:/;

A9;>47-;@ B200! 2 SCC 23!. 18 K9*@ D+5- 47 V L/ A9--;-4/ 4-+7, A97/=, AIR1&8" SC 8&2. 19 R++7 MMRDA +.


17

S+;-4/ 3 4 ;>+ - ; -5+ :4)+7 ;4 ;>+ C+/;7* #45+7/+/; ;4 ;6+ ** +97+ 47 +/97-/ 5-*=-*-;@ / +-=-*-;@ 4 );+7 47 *-/6-/ 4 7-5+7 ** 45+7 ;>+ 49/;7@.

20

A7;-*+ 2"$ 4 ;>+ A7+-/ C4/;-;9;-4/ -/ -+* 4 *+-*;-5+ :4)+7 47 ;>+ P7*-+/; / S;;+ L+-*;97+ ;>749> ;>+ *-; +/9+7;+ -/ ;>+ S+5+/;> S>+9*+. T>+ P7*-+/; @ *+-*;+ 4/ I/;+7;;+ R-5+7 / R-5+7 V**+@ ;4 ;>+ +;+/; 4 )>-> -; +*7+ =@ *) ;4 =+ +:+-+/; -/ ;>+ :9=*- -/;+7+;. 21 E/;7@ 1% 4 L-; II -/ ;>+ S+5+/;> S>+9*+ -5+ ;>+ S;;+ L+-*;97+ +*9-5+ 7->; ;4 *+-*;+ 4/ ** );+7 )-;>-/ ;;+ ;+77-;47@ 9=?+; ;4 E/;7@ !$, L-; I. W>+/ 4/+ +/;7@ - + 9=?+; ;4' /4;>+7 +/;7@, -; +/ ;>; 49; 4 ;>+ 4:+ 4 ;>+ 47+7 +/;7@,  -+* 4 *+-*;-4/ 45+7+ =@ ;>+ *;;+7 +/;7@ > =++/ 7++75+ ;4 =+ :+--**@ +*; )-;> =@ ;>+ ::74:7-;+ *+-*;97+.22 T>- +/ ;>; /@ +/;+/; =@ ;>+ S;;+ L+-*;97+ - 9=?+; ;4 E/;7@ !$ 4/*@ ;4 ;>+ +;+/; ;>; -; *+-*;+ 4/ -/;+7;;+ 7-5+7 / 7-5+7 5**+@. C4/5+7+*@ ;>+ P7*-+/; @ 4/*@ : / +/;+/; 9/+7 +/;7@ !$, *-; I 4/ -/;+7;;+ 7-5+7 / 7-5+7 5**+@. I/ R+ C95+7@ W;+7 D-:9;+ 23, 9/+7 +/;7-+ 1", 1% ( 18 4 *-; II, ;>+ ;;+ *+-*;97+ > 4:+;+/+ ;4 *+-*;+ )-;> 7+:+; ;4 ** );+7 )-;>-/ -; ;+77-;47@ =9; 4 7  -/;+7;;+ 7-5+7 7+ 4/+7/+, ;>+ :4)+7 >** =+ 9=?+; ;4 E/;7@ !$ 4 L-; I, )>-> +/ ;>; ;>+ S;;+ L+-*;97+' :4)+7 7+*;-/ ;4 7+9*;-4/ / +5+*4:+/; 4 -/;+7;;+ 7-5+7 >** =+ ++7-=*+ 4/*@ 4 *4/ / 4 7  ;>+ 4/;74* 45+7 ;>+ ;>+-7 7+9*;-4/ > /4; =++/ ;6+/ 45+7 =@  *) 4 :7*-+/; :+ 9/+7 E/;7@ !$ 4 L-; I. T4 +7;-/ ;>+ ;79+ >7;+7 4 *), ;>+ C497; 9; :4-/; 49; -/ )>-> 4 ;>+ ;>7++ *-; / ; 4 ;>; /;97+ ;79*@ **. I/ 9/+7;/-/ ;>+ 9=;/+ 4 ;>+ -:9/+ *+-*;-4/, 4/+ 9; >5+ 7+7 ;4 ;>+ +/;+/;   )>4*+, ;4 -; 4=?+; / 4:+ / ;>+ ++; 4 -; :745--4/. 2" A +7+ 5+7=* -/;+7:7+;;-4/ 4 ;>+ *+-*;-4/ )-** /4; 9-+. 2!

20 S+;-4/ 3 4 ;>+ L-/6-/ 4 R-5+7 A; 2010 ;;+, S9=?+; ;4 ;>+ :745--4/ 4 ;>- A;, ;>+ C+/;7* #45+7/+/;,

>** >5+ ;>+ :4)+7 ;4 ;6+ ** 9> +97+  -; ++ /++7@ 47 +:+-+/; 47 ;>+ 5-*=-*-;@ / +-=-*-;@ 4 );+7 / *-/6-/ 4 7-5+7 ** 45+7 ;>+ 49/;7@. 21 E/;7@ !$ 4 L-; 1 -/ ;>+ S+5+/;> S >+9*+, C4/;-;9;-4/ 4 A7+-. 22 M>=-7 P7 J*/ 5. S;;+ 4 ->7, AIR 1&&1 P;."0 BP7 "$ 23 AIR 1&&2 SC !22 BP7 %,11 24 P79** K97 5. /6 4 C4+7+, AIR 1&"% PC $0.


18

W>+/ L+-*;-5+ 4:+;+/@ 4 ;>+ *+-*;97+ )-;> ;>+ 7+7 ;4  :7;-9*7 +/;+/; - >**+/+ )-;> 7++7+/+ ;4 +/;7-+ -/ -+7+/; *+-*;-5+ *-;, =+9+  *) +*-/ )-;>  9=?+; -/ 4/+ *-; )-;>-/ ;>+ 4:+;+/@ 4 ;>+ *+-*;97+ 4/+7/+ - *4 ;49>-/ 4/  9=?+; -/ /4;>+7 *-; /4; )-;>-/ ;>+ 4:+;+/@ 4 ;>; *+-*;97+. W>+/ ;>- >::+/, ;>+ D4;7-/+ 4 P-;> / S9=;/+ ::*-+ .2$ T>+ F-7; P>+ 4 ;>+ *-/6-/ 4 7-5+7 :74?+; -/54*5+ - ;;+ )>4+ 7-5+7 977+/;*@, +*9-5+*@ =+*4/ ;4 ;>+ / 4/*@ 4/ -:*++/;;-4/ 4 ;>+ :74?+; )-** ;>+@ =+4+ -/;+7<;;+ 7-5+7. 2% T>+ L+-*;-5+ P4)+7 4 ;>+ *+-*;97+ 4 ;>+ U/-4/ / ;>+ S;;+ 7+ *--;+ =@ ;>+ :745--4/ 7+*;-/ ;4 -;7-=9;-4/ 4 :4)+7 / 4;>+7 /;47@ *--;;-4/ -:4+ =@ -+7+/; :745--4/ 4 ;>+ 4/;-;9;-4/.28 T>+ L-/6-/ 4 R-5+7 A;, 2010 =@ -5-/ :4)+7 ;4 C+/;7* #45+7/+/; 9/+7 S+;-4/ 3, *+-*;+ 9:4/ 7-5+7 +*9-5+*@ =+*4/-/ ;4 ;>+ ;;+ / T>+ P7*-+/; - ;>+7+47+ *+-*;-/ 9:4/ ;;+7 49;-+ -; 4:+ 4 4:+;+/@. A *) :+ )-;>49; *+-*;-5+ 4:+;+/@ - 54- = -/-;-4 2& / /4;>-/ / =+ 4/+ ;4 97+ 9>  *).30 III.

We'e(7 'e e6-1s*o+ a+d +o+;*m)-eme+'a'*o+ o, L*+*+0 o, R*5e( )(o+ :+;-;-4/+7 9=-; ;>; ;>+ +--4/ ;6+/ =@ ;>+ +/;7* 45+7/+/;, -7+;-/ ;>+ ALR ;4

+*9+ ;>+ ;;+ 4 V-/>@ 74 ;>+ -7; :>+ 4 ILR :74?+; - 7=-;77@. E9*-;@ - /;-;>+;- ;4 7=-;77-/+ / )>+7+ / ; - 7=-;77@, -; - -:*--; -/ -; ;>; -; - 9/+9*.

25 S9=7/- C>+;;-@7 5. M9;>9)- #49/, AIR 1&"1 FC "%, !1 26 E.V.C>-//-> 5. S;;+ 4 AP. , B200! 1 SCC 3&". 27 P77:> & 4 ;>+ F;. 28 A9;44=-*+ T7/:47; 5. S;;+ 4 R?;>/, AIR 1&!8 R?, 11" B11& F.R. 29 R.M.D C>7=99* V. T>+ U/-4/ 4 I/-, AIR 1&!% S.C. $28 B$33. 30 R+>/ S>44 5. S;;+ 4 J9 / K >-7, AIR 1&$0 SC 1 B$. 31 E.P. R4@:: 5. S;;+ 4 T.N. B1&%" " SCC 3


31

19

I/ Maneka Gandhi v. Union of India 32 -; ) 4=+75+ ;>; A7;-*+ 1" ;7-6+ ; 7=-;77-/+ -/ S;;+ ;-4/ / +/97+ -7/+ / +9*-;@ 4 ;7+;+/;. I; 97;>+7 4=+75+ ;>; ;>+ :7-/-:*+ 4 7+4/=*+/+ - / ++/;-* +*++/; 4 +9*-;@. F97;>+7, ;>+ W+/+=97@ + 33 +;=*->+ ;>; / 9/*)9* +--4/ - 4/+ ;4 )>->, /4 7+4/=*+ 9;>47-;@ 49* >5+ 4+. R+4/=*+ / /4/<7=-;77@ ++7-+ 4 :4)+7 - / ++/;-* 7+9-7++/; 4 A7;-*+ 1". 3" T>+ -7+;-4/ ;>; - +/;79;+ ;4 ;>+ ;;+ 9; =+ ++7-+ 7+4/=*@, / -; 7+*+5/+ ;4 ;>+ 97;>+7/+ 4 :9=*- :4*-@, 47 :9=*- 44 9; =+ -7*@ +;=*->+. 3! I / ++9;-5+ +--4/ - 5-4*;-5+ 4 9/+/;* 7->; 3$, 45+7;+: /@ 4/;-;9;-4/* :745--4/ 47 =7, ;>+/ -; - 5-;-;+3%. F97;>+7, -7+;-4/7@ ;-4/ ;6+/ )-;>49; ;>+ ::*-;-4/ 4 -/ )-** =+ //9**+  / 7=-;77@ ++7-+ 4 :4)+7.38 W>+/ ;>+ #45+7/+/; ++7-+ -7+;-4/ 7=-;77-*@, 9> ++7-+ - ;4 =+ ;796 4)/.3& E5+7@ S;;+ ;-4/ 9; =+ -/47+ =@ 7+4/ / -; 4**4) ;>; / ; /4; -/47+ =@ 7+4/ - :+7 + 7=-;77@."0

32 B1&%8

1 SCC 2"8

33 A4-;+

P745-/-* P-;97+ H49+ L;. 5. W+/+=97@ C47:47;-4/ B1&"8 1 K 223I; - ;79+ ;>; -7+;-4/ 9; =+ ++7-+ 7+4/=*@. T>- -/*9+, 47 -/;/+, ;>;  :+74/ +/;79;+ )-;>  -7+;-4/ 9; -7+; >-+* :74:+7*@ -/ *). H+ 9; ** >- 4)/ ;;+/;-4/ ;4 ;>+ ;;+7 )>-> >+ - =49/ ;4 4/-+7.

34 S>7-*+6> V-@7;>- 5. S;;+ 4 U.P. , B1&&1 1 SCC 212 S;@*+ BD7+ L/ 5. U/-4/ T+77-;47@ 4 C>/-7>

B1&&& % SCC 8& 35 C4/9+7 A;-4/ #749: 5. S;;+ 4 T.N. B2000 % SCC "2! 36 R4 5. I/-, AIR 1&%1 SC 1002 37 S;;+ 4 M.P 5. N/**, AIR 1&88 SC 2!1 38 O/67 L* ?? 5. U/-4/ 4 I/-, B2003 2 SCC $%3 39 H7-/+7

5. U/-4/ 4 I/- AIR 1&8$ SC 1!2%

40 /7- A/ S97 L;. 5. CTO B200! 1 SCC $2!


20

T>+ 7+:4/+/; > 79+ ;>; +*9-4/ 4 ;>+ S;;+ 4 V-/>@ 74 ;>+ ILR :74?+; - / -/;+7/;-4/* 4=*-;-4/ 9/+7 ;>+ RAMSAR 4/5+/;-4/. "1 H4)+5+7 -/ R+- 5. C45+7; "2, T>+ SC 4 ;>+ U.S.A >+* ;>; -/;+7/;-4/* 4=*-;-4/ //4; 45+77-+ 4/;-;9;-4/* 97/;++. I; - 97;>+7 9=-;;+ ;>; ;>+ W+;*/ BC4/+75;-4/ / M/++/; R9*+, 2010 ) +/;+  A7+- - -/;47@ ;4 ;>+ RAMSAR 4/5+/;-4/. S.2 B1 B 4 ;>+ - 79*+ +*9+ -/ 7-5+7 >//+* 74 ;>+ +-/-;-4/ 4 )+;*/. T>+7+47+ -; - /4; 9/+7;44 >4) ;>+ 7+:4/+/; / ?9;-@ ;>+ +*9-4/ 4 7-5+7 -/ ;>+ /+ 4 :74;+;-4/ 4 )+;*/. F97;>+7, *4* *) 9; =+ -5+/ :7++7+/+ )>+/ ;>+7+ -  4/*-; )-;> -/;+7/;-4/* *)."3 T>+ ;;+ 4 N47/ - 9+7-/ 74 / 9;+ 7-;@ 4 );+7 "". I; - 97;>+7 9=-;;+ ;>; ;>- ; 4 ;>+ C+/;7* #45+7/+/; 4/;7-; S+;-4/ 3 4 L-/6-/ 4 R-5+7 A;, 2010 "! )>-> :745-+ :4)+7 ;4 +/97+ 5-*=-*-;@ 4 );+7 / *-/6-/ 4 7-5+7 ** 45+7 ;>+ 49/;7@. T>+ ALR 4/;-;9;+ 9/+7 S+;-4/ 3 B3 "$ 4 ;>+ ; - 9::4+ ;4 ++7-+ :4)+7 /++7@ 47 *-/6-/ 4 7-5+7 74 ;>+ 49/;7@. 8. We'e(7 'e(e *s a 5*o-a'*o+ o, A('*6-e 8% o, 'e A(ess*a+ 6o+s'*'1'*o+2 T>+ :+;-;-4/+7 9=-; ;>; ;>+ +--4/ 4 ;>+ C+/;7+ 5-4*;+ A7;-*+ 21. "% T>+ 7->; ;4 *-+ -/*9+

;>+ 7->; ;4 *-5+ )-;> >9/ -/-;@ / ** ;>; 4+ )-;> -;. E5+7@ A; )>-> 4+/ -/; / -:-7 >9/ -/-;@ )49* 4/;-;9;+ +:7-5;-4/ pro tanto 4 ;>- 7->; ;4 *-5+ / -; )49* >5+ 41 P77:> 12 4 ;>+ ; >++;. 42 3!" U.S. 1 B1&!% 43 ADM J=*:97 5. S>96*, AIR 1&%$ SC 120% 44 P7 12 4 ;>+ ; 45

9=?+; ;4 ;>+ :745--4/ 4 ;>- A;, ;>+ C+/;7* #45+7/+/;, >** >5+ ;>+ :4)+7 ;4 ;6+ ** 9> +97+  -; ++ /++7@ 47 +:+-+/; 47 ;>+ :97:4+ 4 +/97-/ 5-*=-*-;@ / +-=-*-;@ 4 );+7 / *- /6-/ 4 7-5+7 ** 45+7 ;>+ 49/;7@

46 S+;-4/

3 B3 :745-+ 47 ;>+ 4/;-;9;-4/ 4 / 9;>47-;@ 47 ;>+ ++7-+ 4 9> :4)+7 / :+747/+ 4 9> 9/;-4/ )>-> 7+ /++7@ 47 ;>+ *-/6-/ 4 7-5+7 74 ;>+ 49/;7@  P7 $ 4 ;>+ ;.

47 A7;-*+ 21 4 ;>+ A7+-/ 4/;-;9;-4/  N4 :+74/ >** =+ +:7-5+ 4 >- *) 47 :+74/* *-=+7;@ ++:; 47-/

;4 :74+97+ +;=*->+ =@ *).


21

;4 =+ -/ 47/+ )-;> 7+4/=*+,-7 / ?9; :74+97+ +;=*->+ =@ *) )>-> ;/ ;>+ ;+; 4 4;>+7 9/+/;* 7->;."8 W;+7, 4/+ 4 ;>+ 7+;+; -; 4 /;97+ - / ;;7-=9;+ ;4 7->; ;4 *-+. "& T>+ 7->; ;4 );+7 /  9;@ 4/ ;>+ ;;+ ;4 :745-+ *+/ 7-/6-/ );+7 ;4 -; -;-G+/ > =++/ 7+4/-G+ 9/+7 A7;-*+ 21 4 ;>+ I/-/ 4/;-;9;-4/.!0T>+ R->; ;4 *-+ / :+74/* *-=+7;@ - ;>+ 4; :7+-49, 74/;, -/*-+/=*+ / 9/+/;* 4 ** ;>+ 9/+/;* 7->; 4 ;>+ -;-G+/. !1 I; - ;>+ =9*)76 -/; ;>+ -/7-/++/; 4 ;>+ 9/+/;* 7->; =@ ;>+ ;;+ -/;79+/;*-;-+. !2 T>+ S;;+ 4 N47/ - -/ / 9;+ 7-;@ 4 );+7. O9; 4 12 7-5+7 74 ;>+ ;;+ 4 V-/>@, 8 )+7+ ;4 =+ *-/6+ )-;> N47/. !3 T>+ +*9-4/ 4 V-/>@ 74 ;>+ ILR :74?+; )-** +:7-5+ ;>+ 7+7 4 ;>+ );+7 ;>; > =++/ 97/;++ ;4 ;>+ 9/+7 A7;-*+ 21. 3. We'e( 'e(e *s a 5*o-a'*o+ o, A('*6-e %@ >%? >0? o, 'e A(ess*a+ 6o+s'*'1'*o+2

T>+ :+;-;-4/+7 9=-; ;>; ;>+ +--4/ ;6+/ =@ ;>+ +/;7* 45+7/+/;, -7+;-/ ;>+ ALR ;4 +*9+ ;;+ 4 V-/>@ 74 ;>+ -7; :>+ 4 ILR P74?+; - 7+;7-;-/ ;>+ 7++4 4 ;>+ 7+7 ;4 :7;-+ 7-9*;97+. T>- ; 5-4*;+ A7;-*+ 1&B1 B 4 ;>+ A7+-/ 4/;-;9;-4/.!" T>+ 4=?+; 4 9-/ ;>+ 497 /*49+ / 45+7*::-/ )47 -/ A7;-*+ 1&B1B - ;4 6+ ;>+ 97/;++ 7->;  4:7+>+/-5+  :4-=*+ ;4 -/*9+ ** ;>+ 5+/9+ / 4+ ;>749> )>->  / @ +7/ >- *-5+*->44. !! 48 F7/- C47*-+ 5. U/-4/ T+77-;47@ 4 D+*>- B1&81 1 SCC $08 49 M.C +>; 5. S;;+ 4 O7- AIR 1&&2 47- 22! 50 N7 =>4 /4*/ 5. U/-4/ 4 I/- B2000  10 SCC $$"  A.P P4**9;-4/ 4/;74* =47 2 5.M.V N@99

B2001 2 SCC $2 51 M.C M+>; 5. U/-4/ 4 I/- AIR 1&8% SC 108$ 52 N-*=;- +>+7 BS;. *- L-; +>+7 5. S;;+ 4 O7- AIR 1&&3 SC 1&$0 53 P7 12 4 ;>+ ; 54 A7;-*+ 1&B1B I; 97/;+ ;>; ** -;-G+/ >5+ ;>+ 7->; ;4 :7;-+ /@ :74+-4/ 47 ;4 77@ 4/ 49:;-4/ 47

;7+ 47 =9-/+. 55 S4/ -/> 5.N+) +*>- 9/--:* 4-;;++. B1&8& " SCC 1!!


22

R+;7-;-4/ 9; /4; =+ 7=-;77@ 47 4 / ++-5+ /;97+ 4  ;4 4 =+@4/ ;>+ 7+9-7++/; 4 ;>+ -/;+7+; 4 ;>+ +/+7* :9=*-.!$ T>+ :>7+ 7+4/=*+ 7+;7-;-4/' 4//4;+ ;>; ;>+ *--;;-4/ -:4+ 4/  :+74/ -/ +/?4@+/; 4 ;>+ 7->; >49* /4; =+ 7=-;77@ 47 4 / ++-5+ /;97+ =+@4/ )>; - 7+9-7+ -/ ;>+ -/;+7+; 4 ;>+ :9=*-.!% A/@ 9/4/;74**+, 7=-;77@ -/-;7;-5+ -7+;-4/ ;4 7+;7-;  -;-G+/' 7->; -/ 7+:+; 4 ;7+, =9-/+, -/9;7@ //4; =+ :+7-;;+  -; )49* =+ -:4-/ / 9/7+4/=*+ 7+;7-;-4/ 49;-+ ;>+ 4:+ 4 *9+ B$ 4 A7;-*+ 1&.!8

IV.

We'e( 'e L*+*+0 o, R*5e(s A6'7 89%9 5*o-a'es 'e e+5*(o+me+'a- (*0's o, 6*'*=e+s o, A(ess*a a+d 'e )(o5*s*o+s o, 'e Fo(es' >Co+se(5a'*o+? A6'7 %@92 %. We'e( 'e(e *s a 5*o-a'*o+ o, e+5*(o+me+'a- (*0's2

I; > =+4+  +; 4 *) ;>749> 57-49 ?9+/; 4 ;>+ SC, ;>; ;>+ 7->; ;4 +/5-74/+/; - -/*-+/=*+ 74 ;>+ 7->; ;4 *-+  +/5-+ 9/+7 A7;-*+ 21 4 ;>+ A7+-/ C4/;-;9;-4/. !& I; ) 4=+75+ ;>; ;>+ 7->; ;4 *-+ -/*9+ ;>+ 7->; ;4 *-5+ )-;> >9/ -/-;@ / ** ;>; 4+ )-;> -;. $0 T>+ ;7+ - /4) 4/ 9;-/=*+ +5+*4:+/;, 4/ ++;-/ ;>+ /++ 4 ;>+ :7++/; )-;>49; 4:74--/ ;>+ /++ 4 9;97+ +/+7;-4/.$1 I/;+7*-/6-/ 4 R-5+7 )-** 9+ +5+7+ E/5-74/+/;* +7;-4/. T>+ :4**9;-4/ / +>9;-4/ 4 749/);+7 -/ 4;* 9-+7 7+ :4;+/;-* >G7 ;4 ;>+ 4;. T>749> /+;)476-/ 4 7-5+7, ;>+

56 P;>9 5. S;;+ 4 K+7*, AIR 1&%8 SC %%1B%%%  B1&%8 2 SCR !3%  B1&%8 2 SCC 1. 57 C>-/;/ R4 5. S;;+ 4 M>@ P7+> AIR 1&!1 S C 118B11& 58 C47:47;-4/ 4 *9;; 5. C*9;; ;7)@ L;, AIR 1&$" SC 12%&  #45-/?- 5. D+:9;@ 4/;74**+7 4 I:47;

/ E:47;, 1&$& SCJ &3. 59 T. D4>7 R4 5. S.O. M9/--:* C47:/, H@+7=, AIR 1&8% AP 1%1 I/-/ C49/-* 47 E/5-74 L+*

A;-4/ . U/-4/ 4 I/-, B1&&$ ! SCC 281 V+**47+ C-;-G+/ W+*7+ F479' + 9:7, M.C. M+>; 5. U/-4/ 4 I/- B1&&% 2 SCC "11 M.C. M+>; 5. U/-4/ 4 I/-, B1&&8 & SCC !8& N7 >4 A/4*/ 5. U/-4/ 4 I/-, B2000 10 SCC $$" 60 F7/- C47*-+ 5. U/-4/ T+77-;47@ 4 D+*>- B1&81 1 SCC $08 61 I/;+**+;9* F479, T-79:;>- 5. S;;+ 4 A.P,AIR 200$ SC 13!0 #4 F49/;-4/ ( O7. 5. S;;+ 4 #4


23

45+7/+/; >** -5+7; );+7 7+497+ ;>; 7+:*+/-> 9/+7749/ 9-+7. $2 T>+ 7+-4/ 200 +;+7 74 ;>+ >-> ;-* *-/+ - ;>+ 4; +/-;-5+ 7+-4/ 4 ;>+ 4;* =+*;. I/*4) 4 );+7, 49:*+ )-;> *-;;47* 7-; )-** 9+ 9=;/;-* +:4-; 4 -*;.$3 M/745+ ):, )>-> 7+ / ++/;-* +;97+ 4 4;* :74;+;-4/ )-** *4 =+ >-; >7. $" C+ ;9-+ -/ ;>+ #7++/ / C4*474 7-5+7, )>+7+ 7++754-7 +5+*4:+/; ;-5-;-+ -/--/;*@ *;+7+ ;7+ *4), 9+; -/--/; >@74*4-* -=*/+.$! T7++, )>-> 7+ /;97* 4/;7-=9;47 ;4 ;>+ >@74*4-* @*+, )-** =+ 9; 4)/ -/ *7+ *+, ;>74)-/ ;>+ @*+ 4 =*/+.$$ R++754-7 7+ 6/4)/ ;4 9+ +7;>96+,  ;>+ + :7+97+ 4 ;>+ );+7 -/7++ ;7+ 4/ ;>+ 9= ;+77-/.$% C4/;79;-4/ 4  > +5+7* /+;-5+ -:; 74 -:*++/; ;4 9-/ -++.$8 62 P. SAHASRANMAN, LAW OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION :: 1&&<200. 63 #4:-/;>/, C P / -, S Z B1&%1 S-*;-/ I/ N5-;-4/* C>//+* O T>+ C4>-/ H7=497 A7+. J497/*

4 ;>+ M7-/+ -4*4-* A4-;-4/ 4 I/-, 13 B1. ::. 1"<2$ H+

=*/-/ 47+ 4 ;>+ 7-5+7-/+ / 7-/+ :74++ )49* *+ ;4 +7-49 +/5-74/+/;* -:*-;-4/. F47 -/;/+, 7+9;-4/ -/ 7+>);+7 9::*@ ; ;>+ +;97-+ )49* +;74@ /745+ ): ;>; ; :7++/; 49:@ =49; 2,%!062 7+ ; ;>+ ?47 +*; 4 +; 4; 4 I/- *4/+, :*@ / -:47;/; 74*+ -/ 4;* ;=-*-;@ =@ :744;-/ +:4-;-4/ / :7+5+/;-/ +74-4/, :745--/ :74;+;-4/ ;4 4;* 49/-;-+ =@ =9+7-/ ;>+ -:; 4 ; 47 97+ / >+*;+7-/ /@ ;@:+ 4 9/ -/*9-/ ->. 65 A :;-* ++/; 4 >@74*4-* *;+7;-4/ -/  7-5+7 /+;)476, 7-/ D. R->;+7, J+7+@ V. 97;/+7,

D5- P. 79/ ( J+//-+7 P4)+** T>+ ;79;97+ / :+7-;+/+ 4 /;-5+ =-4;- 49/-;-+ )-;>-/ 7-5+7 +4@;+ - ;74/*@ -/*9+/+ =@ =4;> :;-* / ;+:47* 57-;-4/ -/ +/5-74/+/;* 4/-;-4/. S:;-**@ 4:*+ 7-5+7-/+ +/5-74/+/; :7++/; -5+7+ >=-;; *4/ *4/-;9-/*, *;+7* / 5+7;-* -+/-4/. T>+ ;7+<*4) 7+-+ -  7-5-/ 47+ -/ 9> 7-5+7 +4@;+ 47 ;7+<*4) 4/;74* 6+@ >=-;; :7+;+7. 66 RIVER INTERLINKIN# IN INDIA, THE DREAM AND REALITY, SITA RAM SIN#H, MOHAN

SHRIVASTAVA, : 2"! 67 C/ D / R++754-7 C9+ E7;>96+ T7-+7-/ E7;>96+ =@ R+> C>/+7, R+4//+, 1&&&,

:11 68 E/5-74/+/;* I:; 4 D M4/44)6-, E, I/;+7/;-4/* W;+7 P4)+7 / D C4/;79;-4/ V4*. 3%, N4. ",

: "8+-7 =+/+-;, );+7 :74?+; -/ /@ 49/;7-+ >5+ =++/ ;>+ 497+ 4 -/--/; +/5-74/+/;* >/+, 9/+:+;+ -++, ;>+ -:45+7->+/; 4 9;- 9/ / +7++ 4 );+7 9*-;@. L4* :+4:*+ >5+ =++/ +7-49*@ +;+ =@ 7++;;*++/;.


24

R-5+7 /+;)476-/ @ *4 +; -> ++-/ / =7++-/ >=-;; -/ ;>+ 7-5+7 / *6+ -/ ;>+ );+7 4/47 G4/+. T>+7+ - *4 +5+7+ 7-6 4 +7++ -/ +/+;- -5+7-;@ 4 ;>+ -> :4:9*;-4/. $& A*;+7;-4/ 4 7-5+7 497+ 74 ;>+-7 +;=*->+ ;+77-/ )-** *+ ;4 9/47+++/ ;;74:>+. %0 D-5+7-4/ 4 7-5+7 -/ ;4 /+) */ + )-** *+ ;4 :74=*+ *-6+ =/6 -/;=-*-;@. S;79;97* ;=-*-;@ 4 ;>+ /* )-** 9+7 74 >+5@ );+7 *4). E74-4/ / 4/+9+/; >-;-/ 4 ;>+ );+7 497+ )-** =+ -/+5-;=*+.%1 T>+ ACLU -/ -; :+;-;-4/ -;+ ;>; ;>+ >47;+ 4 );+7 ) 9+ ;4 -/7++ +;7;-4/ 4 749/ );+7 =@ -/9;7-+ / ;>; :4**9;-4/ 4 7-5+7 );+7 ) 9+ ;4 -/9;7-* );+ 4/ 4;>+7 9+. I; ;9@ 7+:47; 9+;+ ;>; +7++ -/ ;>+ /9=+7 4 7-5+7 74 1&$0' %82 ;4 1&80' !$" ) 9+ ;4 -/9;7-*-;-4/ / +5+*4:+/;. T>- /9=+7 > 97;>+7 +7++ ;4 32", 49; 4 )>-> !0 7+ >->*@ :4**9;+ / 9/-; 47 -77-;-4/. %2 W-;> I/9;7-+ =+-/ 4/+ 4 ;>+ ?47 9+ 4 ;>+ +*-/+ 4 7-5+7, -; - ;749=*-/ ;>; ;>+ P7-+ M-/-;+7 > :*++ ;4 +/97+ 5-*=-*-;@ 4 );+7 47 /4; 4/*@ ;>+ :+4:*+ ;4 )>4 -; -  /++-;@ =9; *4 ;4 ;>+ 47--/* :4**9;+7, ;>+ -/9;7-+.

%3

T>+7+ - >9+ 7-6 47 *7+ *+ :4**9;-4/ - ;>+ );+7 4 ;>+ *-/6+ 7-5+7 )+7+ ;4 =+ + 5-*=*+ ;4 ;>+ -/9;7-+. T>+ :74?+; ) 47--/**@ >9; 4)/ =@ ;>+ :7+5-49 45+7/+/; 9+ ;4 7-;-- 74 57-49 ;;+ 45+7/+/; )>4 7+ )477-+ =49; ;>+ +/5-74/+/;* -:; / *4 N#O )>4 7-;--+ -;   :4*-;-* 45+ ;4 :745-+ );+7 ;4 ;>+ -/9;7-+ 4 4+ ;;+. %" T>- - 97;>+7 9=;/;-;+ =@ ;>+ 69 I:; 4 I/;+7 R-5+7 -/ L-/6+ 4/ F->+7-+, N;-4/* A+@ 4 A7-9*;97* S-+/+, J9*@ 200" E>

7-5+7 @;+ > -;-/; 749: 4 =-4; -+7+/; 74 4;>+7 );+7 =4-+. W>+/ +/5-74/+/; - *;+7+, ;>+@ 7+ +;+, )-;> :7;-9*7 ;>7+; ;4 +//+7+ / +/+- :+-+. T>+ *-/6+ 4 7-5+7 49* *4 *+ ;4 *4 / >44+/-;-4/ 4 +/+;- -5+7-;@ 4 ->+. 70 JUSTICE T S DOAIA, ENVIRONMENTAL AND POLLUTION LAWS IN INDIA, WADHWA NA#PUR,

B200! VOLUME I, :$&0 71 A+7-/ I/;-;9;+ 4 -4*4-* S-+/+  U/-;+ S;;+ #+4*4-* S975+@  R-5+7 E/5-74/+/; C*--;-4/

S@;+ 4 N+) Z+*/  R4, K.L. B1&%! I/- W;+7 W+*;>. O7-+/; L4// L;., H@+7=, N+) D+*>72 P7 3 4 ;>+ ;. 73 P7 8 4 ;>+ ;. 74 P7 % 4 ;>+ ;.


25

; ;>+ /+) 45+7/+/; 47--/**@ -/*9+ ;>+ S;;+ 4 V-/>@ 4/ ;>+ *-; 4 ;;+ -/ :>+ 1 4 ;>+ :74?+;. T>+ ;;+ > ;4 9=-;  7+:47; 74 / EIA 4-;;++ ;>; -; 4/;-;9;+ ;4 >4) ;>+ C+/;7+ ;>; -; >  :74;+;+ )+;*/, ;>+ *7+; -/ A7+- / ;>; ;>+ :74?+; )49* >7 -;. %! T>; ;>+ C+/;7+ +5+/ +/5-+ -/*9-/ ;>+ ;;+ -/ ;>+ :74?+; :9; +7-49 49=; 4/ -; 4-;+/; ;4 9;-/=*+ +5+*4:+/;, +/5-74/+/;* 7->; 4 ;>+ :+4:*+ / ;>+ 7+:47; 4 ;>+ 47--/**@ 4/;-;9;+ EIA 4-;;++. T>- 9::47; ;>+ **+;-4/ + =@ +7;-/ +=+7 4 ;>+ EIA 4-;;++ ::4-/;+ =@ ;>+ C+/;7+ -/*9-/ ;)4 +=+7 )>4 )+7+ 7+:7++/;;-5+ 4 ;>+ +, ;>; ;>+7+ ) :4*-;-* :7+97+ 47  5497=*+ EIA 7+:47;. I/ ;>; + -/;+75-+), -; ) *4 -*4+ ;>; ;>+ :74?+; )49* 7+9*; -/ ;>+ 9=+7+/+ 4 */, +;79;-4/ 4 47+; / )-**-+ / -;97= ;>+ +4*4-* =*/+ -/ +7;-/ ;;+. %$ 8. We'e( 'e(e *s 5*o-a'*o+ o, 'e )(o5*s*o+s o, 'e Fo(es' Co+se(5a'*o+ A6'7 %@92

S.2 4 ;>+ 1&80 A; =+-/ )-;>  non obstantate *9+ )>+/ -5-/ ;>+ S;;+ #45+7/+/; :4)+7 ;4 :+747 ;-5-;-+ -/ 47+; -/*9-/ /4/<47+; ;-5-;-+ )-;> ;>+ :+7--4/ 4 ;>+ C+/;7* #45+7/+/;. A non obstantate *9+ - ::+/+ ;4  +;-4/ -/ ;>+ =+-//-/, )-;>  5-+) ;4 -5+ ;>+ +/;-/ :7; 4 ;>+ +;-4/ -/ + 4 4/*-; / 45+77--/ ++; 45+7 ;>+ :745--4/ 47 A; +/;-4/+ -; ;>; *9+. %% I; - +9-5*+/; ;4 @-/ ;>; -/ :-;+ 4 ;>+ :745--4/ 47 A; +/;-4/+ -/ 9> *9+, ;>+ +/;+/; 4**4)-/ -; )-** >5+ -; 9** 4:+7;-4/. %8 S9>  *9+ @=+ 9+   *+-*;-5+ +5-+ ;4 4-@ ;>+ =-; 4 ;>+ *) +/;-4/+ -/ ;>+ *9+ %& 47 ;4 45+77-+ -; -/ -79;/+.80

:+--+

I; - 9=-;;+ ;>; ;>+ :>7+ /4;)-;>;/-/ /@;>-/ -/' - -/ 4/;7-;-/;-4/ ;4 ;>+ :>7+ 9=?+; ;4'.81 T>+ )-+ +/-/ 4 ;>+ non obstantate *9+ / ;>+ +/;-/ )47 4**4)-/ -; //4; =+ 97;-*+ )>+/ ;>+ 9+ 4 )-+ */9+ 47 )-;> ;>+ 4=?+; 4 ;>+ A;  ) ++/ 75 P7 11 4 ;>+ ;. 76 P7 1! 4 ;>+ ;. 77 U/-4/ 4 I/- 5. #.M. K46-*, 1&8" BS9:: SCC 1&$ 78 S49;> I/- C47:47;-4/ BP L; 5. S+@., 47 4 R+5+/9+, T7-5/79, AIR 1&$" SC 20% B21! 79 P//** /-** P;-* 5. S;;+ 4 A/>7 P7+>, 1&&$ B1 S*+ "0! B"1!. 80 T.R.T>/97 5. U/-4/ 4 I/-, AIR 1&&$ SC 1$"3.


26

)-;> ;>+ F47+; C4/+75;-4/ A;, 1&80. 82 I; - 9=-;;+ ;>; S.3 4 ;>+ L-/6-/ 4 R-5+7 A;, 2010 6+ ;>+ :4)+7 ;>; -; :745-+ ;4 ;>+ C+/;7* #45+7/+/; 9=?+; 4/*@ ;4 4;>+7 :745--4/ )-;>-/ ;>+ A;, ++;-5+*@ 5-4*;-/ S.2 4 ;>+ F47+; C4/+75;-4/ A;, 1&80. T>+ *;;+7 A; **4) S;;+ ;4 :+747 +7;-/ ;-5-;-+ -/ 47+; )-;> ;>+ :+7--4/ 4 ;>+ C+/;7* #45+7/+/; =9; -; 4+ -5+ /@ :4)+7 ;4 ;>+ *;;+7 ;4 ++7-+ ;>+ :4)+7 4 ;>+ S;;+. H4)+5+7, ;>+ )-+ )47-/ 4 ;>+ S.3 )-** **4) ;>+ C+/;7* #45+7/+/; ;4 ++7-+ -; :4)+7 4/ ;>+ 47+; / 7+45+ ;>+ ;;+ 49; 4 ;>+ :-;97+. I; - 9=-;;+ ;>; ;>+ F47+; C4/+75;-4/ A;, 1&80 -  :+-* ;;9;+ -/ 4:7-4/ ;4 ;>+ L-/6-/ 4 R-5+7 A;, 2010 =+9+ 4 ;>+ *;;+7' )-+ / +/+7* /;97+  ++/ -/ S.3 4 ;>+ A;. C*--;-4/ 4 ;  +/+7* 47 :+-* 9; =+ + )-;> 7++7+/+ ;4 ;>+ 4/;+; -/ +> + / ;>+ 9=?+; ;;+7 +*; )-;> =@ +> ;;9;+. I; ) 4=+75+ ;>; 4; A; / =+ *+  +/+7* A; 74 4/+ :4-/; 4 5-+) / :+-* A; 74 /4;>+7.83 A :+-* *) - ;6+/  4/+ ;>; - +>9;-5+ -/ ;>+ 9=?+; ;>; -; +/; 8" )>-*+  +/+7* *) - 9/*--;+, =4;> -/ -; :7*-+/; /,  7+7 ;>+ -/-5-9*, -/ -; ++;. 8! I; -  -*-7 79*+ ;>;  :+-* ;;9;+ 4/;74*  +/+7* 4/+ )-;>49; 7+7 ;4 :7-47-;@ 4 +/;+/;'. 8$ I; > =++/ 7+4/-+ ;>;  :+-* A; 45+77-+ ;>+ +/+7* -/ + ;>; +* )-;> ;>+ + 9=?+; ;;+7 8% :+-* ;;9;47@ :745--4/ :7+5-* 45+7 +/+7* :745--4/. 88 I/ ;>- + 47+;, ;-5-;-+ ** 9/+7 ;>+ /@ )-+ :4)+7 ;>; S.3 4 ;>+ L-/6-/ 4 R-5+7 A;, 2010. I; - *+7 ;>; S.3 4 ;>+ 2010 ; 5-4*;+ S.2 4 ;>+ 1&80 A; )>-> >49* =+ -5+/ 45+77--/ ++;. 81 P9/?= S-6> R+9*7 M4;47 S+75-+, M49>:7, R-:97 5. R+-4/* T7/:47; A9;>47-;@, R-:97, AIR 1&$$ SC

1318. 82 R97* L-;-;-4/ / E/;-;*++/; K+/7 5. S;;+ 4 UP., AIR 1&88 SC 218%. 83 T>@@ 5. R?> T@:9:;-, AIR 1&30 M &$3. 84 P9>: - 5. S9*4>/ M+/4/ B1&!& 1 A/> WR 3$3. 85 R 5. L4/4/ CC B18&3 2  "!" B"$2. 86 9*45 W;> C4 5. U/-;+ S;;+, 3$! US %!3. 87 A9;>47-+ O-+7 5. M. R)@ #49/+7 B1&83 MAD LJ 2$&. 88 C74/ S>9 C4 5. VK #4@*, AIR 1&%& R? 1.


27

PRAYER

I/ *->; 4 ;>+ *+* :7+++/; / :7-/-:*+ -;+ / -/ *->; 4 ;>+ :745--4/ 4 ;>+ C4/;-;9;-4/ ::*-+ / 79+/; 5/+ / -/ *->; 4 ;>+ -+/;-- ;9-+ 7+*;-/ ;4 ;>+ -9+ 7++77+ ;4, ;>+ P+;-;-4/+7 4; >9=*@ :7@ ;>; ;>+ S9:7++ C497; 1. H4* ;>; ;>+ :+;-;-4/ -*+ =@ ;>+ FER - -/;-/=*+ 9/+7 A7; 22$ -/ ;>+ H-> C497; 4 N+79. 2. D+*7+ S.3 4 ;>+ L-/6-/ 4 R-5+7 A;  =+-/ 9*;7 5-7+ ;4 ;>+ C4/;-;9;-4/ 4 A7+-, 5-4*;-/ A7; 2"$. 3. I9+  )7-; 4 /9 -7+;-/ ;>+ C+/;7* #45+7/+/; ;4 7+-/;;+ ;>+ S;;+ 4 V-/>@ -/ ;>+ I/;+7*-/6-/ 4 R-5+7 :74?+;. ". H4* ;>+ L-/6-/ 4 R-5+7 A;, 2010  =+-/ 5-4*;-5+ 4 ;>+ E/5-74/+/;* 7->; 4 ;>+ :+4:*+ 4 A7+- / *4  5-4*;-/ ;>+ :745--4/ 4 ;>+ F47+; BC4/+75;-4/ A;, 1&80.


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