BUILDING UNDERSTANDING:
WHAT THE BIBLE IS ALL ABOUT by Rev. Don Bryant
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2 It is a great irony that the Bible is the best selling book of all times, but for so many who own a copy it is the least read. One survey indicates that only 12% of the people who said they believe the Bible actually read it everyday; everyday; 34% read read it once a week, and 42% read it only once in a great while. What could explain this? Maybe you you have heard comments like the following: “The Bible is such a big book.” Reading it seems daunting, especially when so few barely find the time to scan the daily newspaper. The average American reads only one book a year. The Bible on the desk in front of me has over 1500 pages. For many people, beginning, finishing and understanding a book of 1500 pages is a never before attempted feat. It‘s just intimidating. But is that a sufficient reason reason for not reading it? Surely not. Surprisingly to most, most, the Bible can be read in 80 hours total, or only 15 minutes a day for a year. “I just don’t understand what I read.” People may have a favorite verse here and there. But for them the Bible is a book filled with customs, customs, laws, history, people and unfamiliar ideas. Getting the story line line straight and the themes clear so that the different different parts fit is difficult. difficult. Many have jumped in and made a promise that they would read it through, but they have given up in quiet frustration - quiet because people generally don‘t shout out that they have stopped really trying trying to read their Bible.
―The words are too unfamiliar . I can’t even pronounce some of them. ‖ The Bible most people own and try to read is an English translation of the Bible called the King James Version. It is over 400 years old. While the King James Version remains a classic translation of the Hebrew and Greek languages in which the Bible was originally written, word usage and grammar grammar have changed significantly since it was first published. Today‘s reader can find such word choices and style a challenge, to say the least. Today there are over large large number newer translations of the Bible from which the reader to choose. The Bible translation for this booklet is the English Standard Version. “People use the Bible to defend all kinds of things. Who really knows what it means?” It is true. People have quoted the Bible to support acts that are despicable and universally condemned. It has been used to support slavery, cruelty to women, religious wars and even outright torture to convert people to the faith. This has made the Bible an object of suspicion to many.
But for many the chief reason that the Bible remains a closed book is that they do not understand the basic message and story line. It just seems to be a mix of personalities, personalities, stories, and teachings that cannot be put together. Without knowing the structure structure and flow of the biblical story, Bible reading becomes sort of ―pot luck,‖ a hit and miss thing, filled with long genealogies, chapters of temple ritual, bloody war, and miracles that to the modern mind seem like fairy tales.
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The sad result is that too many leave the Bible unread and depend upon one sermon a week for their Bible knowledge, along with an occasional Christian radio program, cd, o r Christian book. Are you one of those? I wrote this this brochure to help you you move past this barrier. barrier. While God has provided the church with able teachers, they can never substitute for the absence of your own systematic and careful careful meditation on God‘s Word. It is your your capacity to mine its riches that will in large measure determine the level of your spiritual spiritual life. God speaks your language! You can read His Word and know the very mind of God! Even if you are a skeptic, the Bible is a basic fact of western civilization. Any person who considers himself educated should have a working familiarity with any book that is at the center of the cultural formation of the western world. Its content explains much of what we take for granted – granted – our our laws and judicial system, the sciences, medicine, the arts, literature, civil rights, eradication of slavery, the free enterprise economy, and the phenomenal number of charitable organizations that are part of the DNA of the western world. Of course, the Bible itself is not a western book. It impacts the nations of the world. Christianity is the first global religion and today continues its amazing growth, even as it did in the ancient world.
Laying The Foundation: Unity of the Bible Let‘s start with laying a foundation as we build toward an understanding of God‘s Word to us. An overview of the Bible will get you ready ready for for your journey into understanding. ONE THEME. The focus of the Bible is God becoming King. The Genesis story tells how our first parents in alliance with the Evil One rebelled against the sovereign majesty of God. The kingdom of righteousness and peace was destroyed and God‘s beneficent God‘s beneficent lordship over the earth rejected. The Bible is the story, the long, twisting, turning, dramatic and surprising story, of how God came back to his throne through the fulfillment of his promises to Israel, there to reign again. In reality, God is always and forever a King, and no one can challenge his place or authority. But in a world of free will and human choice, God‘s place has been challenged and his purposes seemingly overthrown. overthrown. God may be challenged but he is up to it. He will not win back his kingdom through brute force and authority but through mercy and love that reaches to the heart of men and brings them back into a covenanted love relationship with their true Lord. He will do this through a single saving hero whom God promised would rescue us from the 1 destructive power and consequences of sin. That Savior is called the Messiah. Jesus of Nazareth is that hero, and he begins his public ministry at age 30 with the words, "The time is fulfilled, and
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4 time the church prays, “Our Lord, come!”(1Co come!”(1Co 16:22) All the while, the church waits faithfully and patiently for that glory which shall appear.“But appear.“But each in his own order: Christ the firstfruits, then at his coming those who belong to Christ. Then comes the end, when he delivers the kingdom to God the Father after destroying every rule and every authority and p ower. For he must reign until he has put all a ll his enemies under his feet. The last enemy to be destroyed is death.‖ death.‖ (1Co 15:23-26) 15:23-26) years by 44 different different ONE STORY. Though the Bible was written over a period of 1600 years authors, it tells one story. story. The Apostle Paul, the author of thirteen of the 29 books in the New Testament, put it this way. “Here it is in a nutshell: nutshell: Just as one person did it wrong [a reference to the first man, Adam] and Adam] and got us in all this trouble with sin and death, another person did it right [Christ] and got us out of it. But more than just just getting us out of trouble, he got us into life! One man said no to God and put many people in the wrong; one man said yes to God and put many in the right.” (Romans right.” (Romans 5, The Message 2 translation). It is the story of our creation, fall into sin and misery, and the promise of a single Deliverer who would succeed where we have failed and give to us all a new beginning. That story is told told in two parts. Any Bible you you pick up is divided into two sections, the Old Testament and one the New Testament. The Old Testament covers the time of creation, creation, the fall of our race into sin, the promise of a Deliverer and the preparation for His coming through God‘s choice of Israel as the carrier of the message of a Kingdom of restoration that is to come. The New Testament covers the coming of that Deliverer, who the New Testament writers assert is Jesus of Nazareth, the Christ (or Messiah), and describes the work of deliverance he performed. Through him the Kingdom of God comes. This is the Gospel, the Good News. The Good News, or Gospel, is not how one ―gets saved.‖ saved.‖ The message is that God has become King and the earth is now released from the power of the Evil One. How one enters the kingdom is part of that message but not the whole of it. Many see the Gospel as essentially a message of how the sinner can be forgiven of his sin and go to heaven when he dies, the plan of salvation. It is something purely private, purely personal. In this conception of the Gospel the story of Israel and Kingdom and the fact tha t Jesus was a Jew are stripped from the story. The robust Kingdom of God message of the Bible is more than about ―getting saved.‖ saved.‖ In fact, the message of the Kingdom is about something more objective and of larger proportions. It concerns the enthronement of God in the person of Jesus J esus as 2a Lord over the earth. The reality is that the normal message of salvation preached in most churches is not found in the form so commonly used in the Gospels at all. Is it not strange that the typical preaching about how to go to heaven when you die is hardly referred to in the Gospels
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5 would like him to have done. Perhaps the form of our Gospel presentations is taken not so much from the Bible as we read it as the way we have shaped it in order to call for decisions from those to whom we preach. In other words, the Gospel we preach, while true, might not be the actual Good News Jesus proclaimed. If one studies the sermons of the Apostles in the Book of Acts, one looks in vain for the usual Gospel proclamation as Evangelicals know it, but there is a lot about Jesus as the completion of the story of Israel. Go back and read those sermons and ask yourself why the Gospel was preached in this way. Acts 2:14 – 2:14 – 39; 39; Acts 3:12 – 3:12 – 26; 26; Acts 4:8 – 4:8 – 12; 12; Acts 10:34 – 10:34 – 43, 43, with 11:4 – 11:4 – 18; 18; Acts 13:16 – 13:16 – 4;1 4;1 Acts 14:15 – 14:15 – 17; 17; Acts 17:22 – 17:22 – 31. 31. These are classic examples of first-century evangelism. This second part of the Bible includes Jesus‘ miraculous birth, his sinless life, sacrificial death, resurrection and ascension to heaven with a promise that he will come again at the end of history to establish the fullness of his glorious and gracious reign, a reign that has now begun through Jesus‘ ascension to heaven‘s throne. Until then he will send his Spirit to guide this new Israel into all truth and sustain it under all temptation and persecution. The New Testament moves on to describe the growth of the fledgling church through the preaching and leadership of the Apostles, those appointed by Jesus to represent him and to proclaim the message of salvation 3 through Jesus‘ name. The historical period which the Bible reports ends in circa 64 CE. Following this period of time we look to extrabiblical sources to give information concerning the growth of the church from a fledgling group of discouraged disciples to becoming the major religion of the Roman Empire is the 300s CE. ONE BOOK: The Bible is a library of sorts, since it it contains 66 different books. But because it has one theme and one story with all of its parts in agreement, the 66 writings are considered to be one book. (The word ―Bible‖ simply means ―book‖). What can explain this amazing degree of unity in the midst of all the variety of personalities, cultures, customs, experiences, and times? times? Simply this: this: God is its ultimate author. He inspired various various writers writers to so communicate the story of redemption that they faithfully rendered both story and message. Behind and beneath the Bible, above and beyond the Bible, is the the God of the Bible. It was produced by one Mind though written out by many hands. God used the unique personalities, experiences, and gifts of the individual authors, but he h e so carefully superintended the process that the outcome of their writing was an accurate expression of God‘s message to to us. Jesus himself expressed this confidence in the Old Testament, esteeming it to be God‘s very word. That is why Christians often call the Bible the Word of God. Two words characterize the Christian view of the Bible: inspired and infallible. As BB Warfield has written, ―The Bible says equals God says.‖ ONE PURPOSE. The Bible was written so that Christ, who is its central figure, may be understood by you and then then believed upon as your Deliverer from from sin and its consequences. It is not primarily a history history book, though it is historical. historical. It is not essentially essentially a book of philosophy, though it contains the best and truest of ideas. It is not a book of good advice, though it contains the highest and holiest of counsels.
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6 perish. It is a living Book. Its words jump from the page and connect with matters of the heart. It is the medicine we must have, the road we must take, the life we must receive.
The Building Blocks: Some Basic Information about the Books of the Bible With the foundation in place, you can begin to construct your understanding of the Bible through knowledge of each of its 66 books and their place in the larger story. Though the theme, story and purpose of the Bible are singular, they are recounted in a variety of styles and types of writing. A quick overview of the 66 books will frame in the building for you, you, as it were. 1. The Old Testament contains 39 different books.
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5
They are organized in the following way.
Books of the Law - 5 These are the first five books of the Bible – Bible – Genesis, Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy. They are called the Law because they contain one of the more significant features of the Bible, the giving of the Law (including the Ten Commandments) to the Jewish people. Moses is the traditional author of these books, and they cover the creation of the world, the fall of our first parents into sin, God‘s judgment of the entire world through a flood and the confusion of languages, the forming of the nation called Israel as God‘s special instrument for preserving true knowledge of himself, and the rescue of Israel from bondage in Egypt, called The Exodus. At this point it would not hurt to look at Cecil B. DeMille‘s production, The Ten Commandments. Commandments. The film is a fairly faithful rendering of the biblical story. Historical Books - 12 These books follow immediately after the Books of the Law and cover the story of Israel after their entrance into the land God promised (modern day Palestine) after the Exodus from Egypt. Egypt. This portion includes Israel‘s Israel‘s establishment establishment as a nation, exile from that land 800 years later for their disobedience to God, and finally her return to the land after 70 years of captivity in Babylon. Babylon. Following Israel‘s Israel‘s return, return, the Temple is rebuilt and the land resettled. Then the curtain curtain falls on Old Testament history. Christ is born 400 years later. later. There is no book in the Bible that covers this 400 hundred year period, though there are many extrabiblical books that do, some of which are in the section section attached to the Roman Catholic Bible, called the Apocrypha. Apocrypha. The historical books include (in the order of their appearance in the Bible): Joshua,
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7 God regularly sent His messengers to Israel to guide them into blessing and to warn them of the consequences of moving away from true worship and love of the living God. These 17 books cover their ministry. ministry. They can be grouped in different different ways but one of the more common is the following Prophets who spoke God‘s Word before the Exile of Israel to Babylon, warning Israel of coming judgment if they would not turn to God: Obadiah, Joel, Jonah, Amos, Hosea, Michah, Isaiah, Nahum, Jeremiah, Lamentations, Zephaniah, and Habakkuk Prophets who spoke God‘s Word during the Exile: Ezekiel and Daniel Prophets who spoke God‘s Word after the Exile: Haggai, Zechariah, and Malachi Each book has a message appropriate for Israel‘s time and situation, revealing spiritual principles that still instruct us today. The Writings - 8 This division of the Old Testament is contained in its own section of the Hebrew Bible actually titled ―The Writings.‖ Writings.‖ This is an apt description of this section of the Bible because the books there are not of just one type. There is history, prophecy, and poetry. While we are not sure why these particular books were originally grouped together in this way, it seems that they all fit into a category often called ―wisdom literature,‖ literature,‖ a common literary form in the Ancient Near East. They are writings that are geared toward insight, understanding the meaning behind the observable events of history. Here one would think especially of a book like Job, the famous sufferer. sufferer. This book takes on the issue of o f making sense of affliction. Thereafter each book seems to have its own particular project. For instance, the Song of Solomon explores the mystery of love, the Book of Daniel probes the mysteries of what the future holds in
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8 Unfortunately, some began to lose sight of the spiritual work that was most needed and focused on a political, economic, and military restoration. restoration. When God‘s Deliverer came to Israel as the true King, the Bible records that He was overlooked, for, as he taught, his kingdom was not of this this world. (John 18:36) In fact, He even ended up being crucified as a troublemaker and disturber of the peace. The King had come but his kingdom of justice and love offered to the humble and the poor in spirit was rejected. (John 1:11.12) But some had eyes to see and understood that the Messiah who would come would not be a famous soldier, economist, or political figure. He would come as a humble servant who would die upon a cross to pay the penalty for sins and bestow. The New Testament records this story.
2. The New Testament contains 27 books
These are books written by the apostles, the immediate band of disciples appointed by Christ himself to follow him and witness to His life, words, and works. There are several exceptions to this – this – Luke‘s Luke‘s and Mark‘s Gospels, the Book of Hebrews, the Book of James and the Book of Jude. In the case of the Gospel accounts, both Luke and Mark bore the stamp of apostolic authenticity since they were near associates of the Apostles and had direct access to the information they possessed, writing during the lifetime of the Apostles themselves, and therefore subject to correction or concern about irregularity of their work. In the case of Hebrews, there is no certainty of its author. Traditionally it has been attributed to the Apostle Paul, but most conservative biblical scholars are skeptical of that that claim. The suggestions vary. vary. What we do know is that Hebrews was early on accepted by the church as Holy Scripture even as then there was some doubt as to its author. The James of the Book of James was not the Apostle James referred to in the Gospels but the brother of our Lord and leader of the Jerusalem church. (James the Apostle and brother of John had become one of the first martyrs and was soon off the stage of early church history). Jude was also the brother of Jesus and of James. So even in the cases where there was not direct apostolicity,
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9 many such accounts circulating in the ancient near east. But it is these four that won the confidence of the first and second generation Christians and which were ultimately 6 affirmed as authoritative carriers of the story of Jesus.
History - 1 This is the Book of Acts. It records the the history of the church from from the time of Christ‘s resurrection to about 30 years later when the Good News of Christ had been preached and believed upon throughout the Roman Empire, reaching to and going beyond Rome itself.
Epistles - 21 The various churches the Apostles had started were the primary recipient of these letters, with instructions on how to order their life together as Christ-followers and with further teachings about Christ. The Apostle Paul wrote thirteen thirteen of these letters. letters. The remaining eight are called the General Epistles, because they are written by various apostles to Christians everywhere irrespective of the church to which they may belong. Paul‘s letters were probably written written in the following order. I use the word ―probably‖ ―probably‖ because in some cases there is no definite way to date d ate the exact time and occasion of writing. 1 & 2 Thessalonians , Galatians, Galatians, 1 & 2 Corinthians, Romans, Ephesians, Colossians, Philemon, Philippians, 1 Timothy, Titus, 2 Timothy. The order of the General General Epistles is: Hebrews, James, 1 & 2 Peter, 1 & 2 & 3 John, and Jude Prophecy - 1 This is the final book in the Bible, titled The Revelation, written by John, who also authored the fourth fourth Gospel and three of the General Epistles. Through visions and imagery the work of God in human history is revealed in its true meaning and the
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10 Testament but also the last written. John, the last of the Apostles, wrote his work in the mid-90s. John died in exile, the only Apostle that we know did not die a martyr ‘s death, though he did die a prisoner “on account of the word of God and the testimony of Jesus.” (Revelations Jesus.” (Revelations 1:9)
The Mortar: The Covenants
Remember history classes in high high school? An unending lists of dates, persons, and events! It all got rather boring and tedious. Ever since just since just the word ―history‖ triggers in many a rather unpleasant sensation and memories of cramming a cascade of numbers for exams. Unfortunately, that is how some people respond to a study of the Bible. It It covers 1600 years of history and it, too, has a rather imposing parade of kings, prophets, countries, personalities, and events. That is as you would expect it would be, since the Bible is a study of God‘s God‘s acts in history. This alone makes the Bible unlike many ―holy books‖ of other world religions, which seem to aloof from history and more focused on ideas rather than God‘s historical interventions. But what is the story line? What is the theme that holds all this together, like mortar holds together the bricks bricks of a building? If you you do not get the big picture of the plot and how it develops, then you can easily lose your way. This is made the more difficult because the books of the Bible as we now have them are not in a completely chronological order. There is a rough time sequence to the placing of the books. but from time to time a book will be placed in such a way that the story line is not completely clear. For instance, after the books of Ezra and Nehemiah, which tell of the rebuilding of Jerusalem and the temple after Israel returned from her captivity in Babylon, there follows the Book of Job and then of Psalms, Proverbs, and the Song of Solomon. These are ―The Writings,‖ as mentioned above. They may have history in them but their primary character is that of poetry, song, and
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11 What is a covenant? It is a solemn agreement unto the death that binds two parties parties to each each other in a permanent relationship, with specific promises, claims, and obligations on both sides. Marriage is a type type of covenant, an agreement into which a man and and woman enter. It turns a man into a husband and a woman into a wife. It makes the the two one. They belong to each other, in the best sense of belonging. The marriage covenant is a rather exact picture of what God is about in the Bible. He created us for for himself, that He might be our God and we might be His people. But in sin our race violated this sacred relationship and chose to go it alone. We chose to say no to God, with all of the miserable miserable consequences that flow from from fleeing from from him. Christians do not gloss over the real suffering of the world through glib positive thinking techniques or utopian dreams. Page after page of the Bible explores and plumbs the depths of affliction and despair and note that when God visited our planet in the person of Jesus he did not float above our pain but suffered our humiliations and shame, ending up in the painful and shameful death of a crucifixion.
The story of the Bible is the story of God‘s faithfulness to His original covenant promise 8 even though we have failed. He will be faithful to his design to have a people for his own possession as well as to be possessed by them, upon whom he h e could bestow all of his goodness and from whom he would receive love and worship. Again and again the careful reader will note the recurring phrase, “I will be their God and they will be my people.” (Genesis people.” (Genesis 17:8; Exodus 29:45; Jeremiah 31:3; Ezekiel 11:20; Zechariah 8:8; 2 Corinthians 6:16; Hebrews 10:8; Revelations 21:3) This is the Immanuel Principle . Immanuel means ―God with us.‖ Not God over us. Not God ruling us. These are undoubtedly true. But God in the midst of us! Personal, present, available, relational. Indeed, when the Messiah is prophecied, he is called Immanuel. “Therefore the Lord himself will give you a sign. Behold, the virgin shall conceive and bear a son, and shall call his name Immanuel.”(Isa Immanuel.”(Isa 7:14) It is in his nature and design to reveal himself and enter into intimacy. God is not an ―it‖ it‖, but has the characteristics of personality. It is just at this point that God as trinity, the three-personed God (not three gods but one God in three persons), is so essential. God is not a lone, solitary, and unconscious ―it.‖ If God has the attributes of personality, it would be hard to imagine a God with no one to love, no one to whom to speak, no one to receive love from – from – for for an eternity. This would not be a heaven but a hell. The doctrine of the trinity turns hell into heaven and shows our God to be a fullness that is inclusive of loving. The trinity is not a throw away doctrine that has no real essential role to play in
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12 are opened. True, God has allowed suffering and pain to exist in consequence of our sin. But "God so loved the world, that he gave his only Son, that whoever believes in him should not perish but have eternal life.” life.” (Joh 3:16) Jesus is the tears of God who in sympathy with the human condition enters our night and our cold and drains evil of its final force. His love will make all things new. The Bible describes a series of covenants that God made with key people throughout history. history. Each covenant introduces new elements into God‘s God‘s relationship with us and contributes contributes its part to the final and complete covenant that God put into effect through Jesus Christ, called the New Covenant. Each covenant is organically organically related related to the ones that precede it, building on their features and adding new elements that further God‘s purposes. The acorn developing into into an oak is certainly a good picture of how the cov enants relate to each other. There are five clear stages in the story of the Bible , five covenants God made with people at distinct points in history that furthered his purposes and prepared people for the final covenant through Christ. These five covenants form the background and themes of the Bible. Bible. What follows are the descriptions and divisions of the covenants.
THE COVENANT OF CREATION
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13 faith with God, God, because it ―seemed good in their eyes.‖ And as God had said, ―in the day that you eat of it, you shall die.‖ In this step away from God, our parents had an ally and more than an ally. The Bible reports that Adam and Eve were tempted of the Devil. Genesis 3:1 introduces us to this original rebel, howbeit in the guise of a serpent. Evil‘s origin did not begin with a human choice but a spiritual force. For the biblical writers the existence of a primordial spirit being who fell away from the Lord of glory out of pride and with purpose to unseat the very person of the deity is as real as the existence of God himself. Modern man in his secularism and self-confidence may question the existence of a Devil, but human consciousness constantly gives witness to an awareness of a force, a power set against the good that seems to be beyond human, a power which we can feel knocking on our door asking to be let in. We are witnesses to evils which defy a merely human explanation. We look over the field of human history and ask of the sufferings, the turmoils, the pillage and the misery, how can these things be? Can human choice alone explain the immensity of this evil beyond imagining? No, declares the Bible. Humans are indeed complicit but they are also assisted in doing the unimaginably horrible. It takes a Devil to explain the black of its blackness. While the person of the Devil makes a cameo appearance at the beginning of history in the Garden of Eden, for most of the rest of the Old Testament he recedes from view, while in the New Testament, at the new beginning ignited by Christ, he appears again, flushed out as it were from behind the scenery of history to once for all declare himself unalterably opposed to the good. At the end of the biblical story, the Devil is put away forever. But there is some way to go before then!
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14 Of course, there is a sense in which God is always King. God is God. He reigns. He is not thwarted in his plans or confused in his aims. aims . “Our God is in the heavens; he does all that he pleases.” (Psa pleases.” (Psa 115:3) But the God who reigns will not just brutally assert his power and reign with authority over the world. His reign is one of love. His desire is not mere authority, which he already possesses, but a kingdom that rules in hearts. The love lost in the betrayal of Adam and Eve must be won in a way that accords with the principles of love, the free giving of hearts to the Lord. This is not the project of a moment but the striving of overcoming evil with good, time and again, until the adulterous spouse returns home to love and be loved. The story of the Old Testament and New Testament is that story. Behind the ins and outs of the Old Testament story, places, people, episodes, tragedies, miracles, laws, temple, etc., is the sometimes unspoken but always present project of a new kingdom coming and finally come. Indeed, in the most famous prayer of the Bible and the church, is the repeated request, ―they kingdom come, thy will be done, on earth as it is in heaven.‖
THE COVENANT OF RE-CREATION The Covenant with Adam The penalty of sin was death and all that leads to death-shame, dishonor and alienation
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15 Creation, let us call this the Covenant of Re-creation. In these words the story restarts, and the setback becomes the background for the story of love and rescue. In these verses we find the story line of the Bible . These are God‘s words, words, first, to the Devil, then to the woman and finally to the man, the unholy trinity, if you will, who were allies in disobedience, seeking to claim for themselves the right to determine what is good and what is evil. This is the very nature of sin – sin – independence independence from God, bringing into question his authority to define the good, the true and the beautiful. God‘s words here are the words that will become true and determine the rest of history, its goal and its themes.
To the Evil One God says,“I says,“I will make you and the woman enemies to each other. Your descendants and her descendants will be enemies. One of her descendants will crush your head, 10 and you will bite his heel.” (translation mine) This covenant in effect covers the rest of the Bible, since all covenants that follow carry out its design and purpose - to recover us from the bondage to sin and death and restore us to fellowship with God. In this verse God promises to send a single Deliverer who will be powerful enough to win back the love and loyalty Adam and Eve had forsaken. This Deliverer will be one of ―her descendants‖, referring to the woman. In other words, God‘s Savior would be born of a woman. God would become one of us - touching us, speaking to us, entering into our condition and identifying with with us. This is no less than a prediction of the coming of God‘s special sent one (the anointed one, the meaning of the word ―Messiah‖), to face to face off with the power of sin and to free us forever from the grip of a fallen world.
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16 people is not essentially economic, racial, political, social, or any number of other factors o r their absence. True peace among us is is a result result of and and flows out from a relationship with God. When people are right with God, believing and obeying him, they are right with each other. When people say no to God, they not only turn away from him but will also turn against others. The alienation from God spills over into the world of relationships. This covenant is a covenant made in grace . That is, it is unmerited. This is another major theme in the Bible. Adam and Eve did not deserve this promise of life after their disobedience. And neither do we. But God took the initiative and offered a way of restoration. restoration. The Bible is the story of grace. It is never the story of people getting better through some program of moral self-improvement. Left to their own resources, people will always fall short of God‘s standard. But God is rich in mercy.
The Covenant of Re-Creation is developed in five distinct phases that cover the rest of biblical history. Remember that each phase develops the design of the Covenant of Re-Creation found in the basic theme statement in Genesis 3:15.
11
I have included an illustration that will give a picture of the development of the history of God‘s salvation, or, as it is often called, redemptive history.
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17 2. Each covenant makes a unique contribution to the development of God‘s plan to save us. There is something in each covenant that was not there before and is carried forward into the new covenantal arrangements to come 3. The Covenant of Re-Creation (symbolized by the arc of dotted lines) fulfills the original purposes of the Covenant of Creation (which is symbolized by the solid outside lines). God completes what he started. started. In the Covenant of Re-Creation, which was made after man‘s fall into sin, God doesn‘t switch into plan ―B‖, ―B‖, diminishing what he had begun to do. do. Nor do we now get God‘s second best. best. What God meant to do originally originally he accomplishes through his wisdom and power. Indeed, the Bible indicates that God in grace bestows more than if our race had never fallen into sin and misery. This is the whole burden of the argument of the Book of Hebrews with its repeated phrase, ―how much more.‖ more.‖ (See Hebrews 3:3; 6:9; 7:19,22; 8:6; 9:11,14,23; 10:34; 11:16,40; 12:9) 4. Each successive covenant will increasingly increasingly and more clearly point to Christ. The person and work of Christ who establishes a New Covenant ―intrudes‖ into each previous each previous
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18 After God initiates his plan of rescue, the Bible tells the dismal story of deepening sin in Genesis 6-11. This is not as one would have expected. It seems that God‘s offer offer of grace grace and forgiveness would have humbled us. Thankful for another chance, hearts hearts would naturally draw near to a kind kind and saving God. But people did not turn around. They grew grew worse. So worse that the Bible says God decided to judge the world and begin all over again. The LORD saw that the wickedness of man was great in the earth, and that every intention of the thoughts of his heart was only evil continually. And the LORD was sorry that he had made man on the earth, and it grieved him to his heart. So the LORD said, "I will blot out man whom I have created from the face of the land, man and animals and creeping things and birds of the heavens, for I am sorry that I have made them." (Gen 6:5-7) The biblical story indicates that Adam and Eve had received the promise of a new
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19 Moses reports that God, having rebooted his creation with a covenant of re-creation, now takes that next step to move his purposes further with a new agreement with a man named Noah. Genesis 6:8 says that “Noah found favor in the eyes of the Lord.” Lord.” He was a righteous man, blameless in his generation and he walked with God. God‘s grace was sufficient to establish in the life of at least one man a God-loyal love. And that is all that God needed to build a new world. And he did. Here is a theme we will find again and again in the story of redemption – redemption – one one man. The Bible is a story of God‘s covenants with one man man at a time who stood in the gap, a Noah, an Abraham, a Moses, a David and the Christ himself. All of these ―one man man moments‖ moments‖ take the history of redemption to a new height, though all fall short of being that single deliverer God had promised in Genesis 3:15, all except that final solitary life, Jesus of Nazareth who by his life, death and a resurrection that proved evil had finally been overcome and the kingdom come with irreversible power. But one family he would spare - Noah, his wife, his three sons and their
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20 growth. Without this gracious intervention, human society would disintegrate and the good that God wills to do in his saving works would be impossible. The Apostle Paul writes in Romans 13:1-5, “Let every person be subject to the governing authorities. For there is no authority except from God, and those that exist have been instituted by God…Therefore whoever resists t he he authorities resists what God has appointed, and those who resist will incur judgment. For rulers are not a terror to good conduct, but to bad. Would you have no fear of the one who is in authority? Then do what is good, and you will receive his approval, for he is God's servant for your good. But if you do wrong, be afraid, for he does not bear the sword in vain. For he is the servant of God, an avenger who carries out God's wrath on the wrongdoer. Therefore one must be in subjection, not only to avoid God's wrath but also for the sake of conscience.” (Rom conscience.” (Rom 13:1-5)
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21 Sunday, 23 October 4004 BCE! It is best to remain skeptical of all dating attempts. But soon everything changes with God‘s call of Abraham, Abraham, a solitary Iraqi figure of around 2000 BCE.
COVENANT WITH ABRAHAM The Covenant of Promise With God‘s call to Abraham Abraham the history of redemption moves into a second and increasingly specific covenantal arrangement. There are two unique things about this new covenant development recorded in Genesis 12. One, it is with Abraham Ab raham that the story of the Bible first connects with datable human history. Abraham lived 2000 years before Christ. Two, up to the time of Abraham we have the biblical record of God‘s dealings with the whole of our race,
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22 of Egypt. Know therefore that the LORD your God is God, the faithful God who keeps covenant and steadfast love with those who love him and keep his commandments, to a thousand generations, (Deu 7:6-9)
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23 Abraham is tested at this point, for he marries a woman who is barren. There could be no descendants in any way that was humanly impossible. This is the very thing God seeks to teach. “When everything was hopeless, Abraham believed anyway, deciding to live not on the basis of what he saw he couldn't do but on what God said he would do. And so
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24 made right through trust. The Apostle Paul backs this up with a quote from the prophet Habakkuk. For in it the righteousness of God is revealed from faith for faith, as it is written, "The righteous shall live by faith." (Rom 1:17) This certainly has to be one of the most significant truths developed in the covenant with Abraham, and is subsequently seen as the core of the Biblical teaching about our relationship with God. It certainly was there in Adam‘s renewed
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25 by the flaming torch) passes passes through the pieces. Surely this means means that God himself will guarantee the permanence of the covenant, even to the point of taking upon himself the just penalty of death on on the occasion of the conquered king‘s failure to live up to his covenant duties. Does this not point to the Messiah who would die on the cross, not for his own sins but as a sacrifice for the sins of the world?
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26 Moses, like Jesus, was a prophet, prophet, speaking God‘s Word to the people; Moses, like Jesus, was a deliverer, rescuing the people from bondage; Moses, like Jesus, was was a mediator, bridging the the gap between God and the people; Moses, like Jesus, was a pioneer who led the people to a new land - Moses led them to Palestine, but Jesus leads us to heaven.
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Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.