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T y p i c a l a p p l i c a t i o n s
I S : 1 0 3 0 –1 9 6 2
s k p T e w e y or h i n i s d w gn ,P u c t a i m a l r on e l t a s c p d h of c i r a a n r t s e ol s t i p c a k w gn h s r s e t ; s a e . n s m d ,l a s s
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I S : 2 1 0 –1 9 7 0
E –E l e c t r i c F ur n a c e S t e e ; l R – O p e n H e a r t h S t e e ; l B O –B a s i c O x y g e n
m e . i ni g . m , S um t 4 2 t A e n n s – i l N e o s n t r a e gn g e t i h - gn onr s t m e e l a l i z w i e t h d of 4 2 C gk = / f m 0 .1 m 5 , C 2 r = 3 . 0 a n d c a s e c a r b ur i z e 1 d 5 C r 3 c – C h or m ui m s t e e l w i t h a v e r a g e p e r c e n t a g e s
D D L E A – S – – – –F C N S u on t a on e b m yl l t i r l a i o i k z k l e g i i l c l e l o d e l ni e d d ol a g g e q d a u i n a t l o s i t t e y n s t r s ur e s s e c f o r r e e or d om s oi n f or m f l a k e s
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3 4 0 4 5 4 3 C 1 0 0 5 0 3 5 0 7 T C 4 3 N N N C C M M M 7 0 5 0 r n n n i r i i 3 2 3 1 1 2 2 2 C C V S M r r 2 6 3 o 1 2 5 1 4 MM 5 o o2 5 8 5 9 0 9 0 8 0 8 0 8 0 8 0 7 0 6 0 7 0 7 0 6 0 t o t o t o t o t o t o t o t o t o t o t o 1 1 9 9 9 9 8 7 8 0 5 0 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 8 5 7 5 5
4 0 4 8 4 5 4 0 4 4 6 6 8 6 6 4 3 6 6 6 5 6
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D o e f s i t s g e e l n a t i o n
T e n k s g P i f l r / m er o m a p e 2 n r t g e e i s i n q 0 s u t .2 e k r g e % f s n c / h m s , p m M or e d 2 i o a n f n d e I t M z m o i p n d e . k i m er g d f . m p a o c c t n d i i o h t b S o n a H t u a d r r s R i f n n a C a e c b s e l e s
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1 1 1 9 8 1 8 8 7 0 1 8 6 6 5 3 1 0 5 0 0 0 5 3 5 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 8 0 1 3 1 7 1 1 7 9 9 9 1 1 1 2 9 1 2 1 2 5
9 0 0 – 9 3 0
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T y p i c a l a p p l i c a t i o n s
1 5 1 5 1 0 2 0 2 5 1 3 1 6 1 6 1 0 2 7 1 5 1 1 6 4 C 1 N N N N N N N N N M M C M 0 r n , C i i i 5 i i i i i i n n 8 C 1 5 6 I 1 C 2 C 5 2 4 3 1 0 r r M C C C C r C S 4 2 C 1 , r 1 C r r r 1 r r o r 1 8 0 8 6 9 ,4 9 M 1 M 5 2 1 0 1 5 o M o 0 0 5 S M 1 2 1 1 o M 0 1 2 o n2 1 2 5 0
I S : 3 9 3 0 -1 9 6 6
9 9 0 0 8 0 9 8 8 8 9 0 9 0 9 0 8 8 9 0 9 0 9 0 9 0 0 – 0 – 0 – 0 – 0 – 0 – 0 – 0 – 0 – 0 – 0 – 0 – – 0 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 3 3 3 2 2 3 3 3 2 3 3 3 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
6 3 0 – 6 5 0
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8 0 0 – 8 2 0
7 7 8 8 7 1 8 8 7 6 7 6 7 6 7 8 7 8 8 1 7 7 7 6 7 6 0 – 0 – 0 – 0 – 0 – 0 – 0 – 0 – 0 – 0 – 0 – 0 – 0 – 8 8 8 8 7 7 7 8 8 8 8 7 7 4 2 2 2 8 8 8 2 2 4 0 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 0
8 5 0 – 8 8 0
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D o e f s i t s g e e l n a t i o n T M e i n s n i l e k g C f s / m t er a s m n e g 2 t h h ar d e E n d % l o e n M g a i n t i o n
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: S h e e t c on of r m i gn t o t h i s s t a n d a r d a r e of w e l d a b l e q u a l i t y a n d a r e s ui t a b l e b o t h of r f u s oi n a n d s p o t w e l d i n g .
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1 1 1 7 7 7 6 6 6 8 4 4 4 4 5 5 3 3 4 4 1 3 3 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 6 4 0 8 4 4 8 8 0 0
C ol d or l l e d c ar b on s t e e l s h e e t s
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6 D o f e s s t g e i n e l a t i o n
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8 3 0 t o 8 5 0
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8 3 0 t o 8 5 0
t 8 8 e 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 m aH 6 4 8 3 3 1 8 2 8 5 4 8 4 8 3 1 8 1 8 4 8 6 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 3 0 0 5 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 p d r ° t o t o t o t o t o t o t o t o t o t o t o t o t o t o t o t o t o t o t o t o C e r e a n 8 8 8 8 8 9 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 9 8 8 8 8 t i u 6 5 5 6 8 8 5 8 0 7 6 4 6 8 3 5 0 6 4 9 n 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 er g
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c a un T b of a n u l on a r e s h l a e e d gni a r r m o e d i d l y n s l s n e f i t e e e i o t t o m n e e r f d o y w oi n r g b s d t n p h d t e or e n e i e i l r e e n e l e e h d g n u gh l a d a p e s t t u r s o r a i d t d n a r l b e n t e p n o d h e e e d s s
W e s t er m a n n T a b l e s
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a p p T l i y p c a c t i a i o l n s
S t e e l s of r h ar d e n i n g an d t e m p e r i n g
I S : 5 5 1 7 –1 9 6 9
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1 1 5 1 6 1 4 0 C C C M r r r o 4 5 9 5 0 3 M M M 0 o o 5 o
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T y p i c a l a p p l i c a t i o n s
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T y p i c a l a p p l i c a t i o n s
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I S : 2 0 0 2 –1 9 6 2
t h U s e e c ol d d of r h t e h a e d i m gn a pr unf o a c c e ur s t s . e of w o o d s c r e w s b y
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I S : 1 6 7 3 –1 9 6 0
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4 4 6 4 6 0 6 0 0 N N N / m / m / m mmm
% E l o n 2 5 2 6 2 g 0 a m t i o i n n
S t e e l s f o r S c r e w s M a n u f a c t u r e
— — o D f e s t s i e g e n l a t i o n
1 C C 0 1 1 0 S 5
2
U t h s e e d c ol of d r r t h e e a d m i n a g un pr f a o c c ur e t s s . e of m a c h i n e s c r e w s b y
T y p i c a l a p p l i c a t i o n s
C a r b on s t e e l w i r e of r t h e m a unf a c t ur e of m a c h i n e s c r e w s
I S : 1 9 7 6 –1 9 6 0
2 2 1 1 D S D S s d s S t t r e r d n e e e s s o n s s t e d e d o s e t e d s s s pr yn pr s i t i n a t m gn a g i s c i s ; D c
1 1 1 1 7 4 5 5 7 0 5 5
0 . 5 0 .4 0 .4 . 5 0 0 5 – 0 – – 5 – 0 . 6 0 . 5 0 . 5 . 6 0 0 0 5 5 0 1 0 .1 2 . 0 1 2 .1 . 5 0 –1 –1 5 – – 0 . 6 . 6 . 0 . 3 3 5 0 0 5 0 0 0 . 5 0 . 5 . 9 . 9 0 0 0 – 0 – –1 –1 0 0 . 8 . .2 .2 8 0 0 0 0 0 .1 0 .1 — — 5 – – 5 0 . 0 0 . 3 0 0 e U l s p of e r e v r m s i d n e a g t e d d , s h of r e t e m e l a c m t i . w c n p a u l e f r or s a pr a k c t ur ni i t e g gn ur s n . un , s gi d v o c e r ul o l t d e
G r a d e s
5 C C 0 5 0 5 5 C C 4 C C S 9 8 7 5 6 5 5 r r i 2 I I V M 2 n 3 9 0
C l a s s i f i c a t i o n
D o e f s i t s g e n e l a t i o n
a n d aH t r e m d e p u T er n p ( eT e d e n e t or n o f s s d k i i g l l 7 w e e f / s m i s A m m er t m t r r ) d e m n n 2 e n n 8 8 8 7 6 6 6 m i e g g a t 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 a a t i x S h p n l h e d r i gn s 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 t e .4 .4 5 . 9 . 7 . 6 . .4 e C C l 5 s – 5 – 0 – 0 – 0 – 0 – 0 – % % 0 0 0 1 0 0 of . . . . . . 7 0 . 5 6 5 0 8 r 5 5 0 5 5 0 0 0 u s e un d 0 .1 0 .1 0 .1 5 .1 0 .1 0 .1 0 .1 e S r 0 S 0 0 0 0 0 i i – – – – – 0 – – e % % l 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 e . . . . . . v 3 3 0 3 3 3 . 3 a 5 0 5 5 5 5 5 t e d i t n H e 8 7 7 8 m 8 3 8 3 ar 3 7 8 1 8 3 o C 0 0 0 0 0 0 p 0 i l d r – – – – – – – e a e r 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 % a n t 6 6 0 6 0 1 4 6 t ° 0 0 0 0 0 0 ur d C e e s A 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 0 4 0 2 0 0 0 4 0 n a V 0 n t a – 0 – 6 – 0 – 0 – 0 – – 6 e ° a 6 6 6 6 6 % C l 8 e 0 8 0 6 0 5 0 5 0 5 0 0 8 d
1 7 1 6 1 6 1 1 1 9 2 0 2 1 2 0 –2 0 –2 0 –2 0 –1 0 –1 –1 0 –1 4 0 3 0 0 0 8 0 6 5 4 5 4 0
T y p i c a l a p p l i c a t i o n s
I S : 4 4 5 4 –1 9 6 7
p m C ur a ol p unf d o s a or e c l s l . t ur e e d s of t e e s l pr s t r i n i p g s of f r or t h v e a r i o u s
T y p i c a l a p p l i c a t i o n s
o D f e s t s i e g e n l a t i o n
2 1
G r a d e
0 . 5 0 .4 0 – 5 – 0 . 0 . 6 0 5 5
C %
0 . 8 0 . 5 0 – 0 – .1 0 . 0 0 8 0
M n %
.1 0 .1 5 0 –2 0 – . 0 . 0 0 3 5
S i %
9 0
G r a d e
1 1 9 8 5 3 1 1 0
5 5 5 0 S C i r 2 V I M 2 n 3
C ol d or l l e d s t e e l s t r pi of r s pr i n g s
I S : 2 5 0 7 –1 9 6 5
0 . 0 0 . 0 5 0 5 0 0 . 0 0 . 0 5 0 5 0
S % m a x P % m a x
0 . 9 — 0 – .1 2 0
C r %
0 .1 – — 0 . 3 0
V %
f S h a l of t r e l e s e a i t l u c f s a o t om a l r i n m t n h a a t n e i d l v u e a f of m a r s m i c u n t s ur o a p t f e e d e n B s s of a p r oi m r v n o i . gn ul a n s t , e d
S p r i n g s t e e l
H o t or l l e d s pr i gn s t e e l
T y p i c a l a p I p S l i : c 3 a 4 t 3 i o 1 n s –1 9 6 5
W e s t er m a n n T a b l e s
7
C C C C C C C 6 4 0 4 3 2 1 5 5 5 5 0 0 4 M n 7 5
o D B f e a l s t s i e g c e n l a k B t i o n a r
s
3 7 –4 5
s k t g r eT f n / n m e g s i m t l 2 h e
1 5 1 8 1 2 2 1 3 0 1 2 4 6
E o % l n m g a i n t i o n
7 5 m i n
0 . 6 0 – 0 . 7 0
7 2 m i n
0 . 5 0 – 0 . 6 0
6 3 – 7 1
0 .4 0 – 0 . 5 0
5 8 – 6 8
0 . 3 5 – 0 .4 5
5 0 – 6 0
0 .2 5 – 0 . 3 5
4 4 – 5 2
0 .1 5 – 0 .2 5
0 .1 0 – 0 .1 8
C %
0 . 0 5 – 0 . 3 5
0 . 0 5 – 0 . 3 5
0 . 0 5 – 0 . 3 5
0 . 0 5 – 0 . 3 5
0 . 0 5 – 0 . 3 5
0 . 0 5 – — 0 . 3 5
S i %
0 . 5 0 – 0 . 8 0
0 . 6 0 – 0 . 9 0
0 . 6 0 – 0 . 9 0
0 . 6 0 – 0 . 9 0
0 . 6 0 – 0 . 9 0
0 . 6 0 – 0 . 9 0
0 .4 0 – 0 . 7 0
M n %
0 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 0 . 5 0 . 0 . 0 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
m S a x %
0 0 . 0 0 . 0 0 . 0 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 0 5 5 5 0 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
m P a x %
of r g e n e r a l e gni n e e r i gn p ur p o s e s
b a r s of r pr o d u c t oi n of m a c h i n e d p a r t s
T h e s e t y p e s a r e c a r b on s t e e l b l a c k
of r pr o d u c t oi n of m a c h i n e d p a r t s
T y p i c a l a p p l i c a t I i o S n 2 s :
0 7 3 –1 9 7 0
F r e e C u t t 1 i 1 n 4 1 4 2 g S t e e l t 6 3 5 5 4 3 k g s r eT s 0 4 / – 7 –4 5 – 0 – 5 – 7 –4 f n n m e s 7 6 6 4 3 1 0 M S 2 n 5 2 S
4 5 2 0 S M 1 8 n 1 S
1 1 4 0 M S n 1 1 1 S
o D f e s t s i e g e n l a t i o n
l 0 9 5 0 4 9 m g t i e 2 h
1 2 1 0 2 2 2 7 4 5 2 2
0 . 0 . 3 0 5 – 8 – 0 .1 .4 0 5 8 0 .2 0 .1 5 0 mm a x a x
0 . 3 0 .2 5 – 0 – 0 .4 0 . 5 3 0 0 .2 0 .2 5 5 mm a x a x
.1 0 . 3 0 8 0 t t o o 1 .1 . 7 2 0 0 0 . 0 .2 0 8 2 t o o t 0 . .1 0 5 3 0
E l % o n m g a i n t i o n
0 .1 5 m a x
0 1 . 8 . 0 0 0 t o t o 1 .1 2 . 0 5 0
0 .1 0 – 0 .1 8 0 . 0 5 – 0 . 3 0 .1 2 0 t o 1 . 5 0
0 .1 0 .1 4 0 t o t o 0 .2 0 .1 2 8
0 .1 0 t o 0 .1 8
0 . 0 8 t o 0 .1 3
S %
0 . 0 0 . 0 6 0 0 6
0 . 0 0 . 0 0 . 0 . 0 0 6 6 0 6 0 6 0 0
m P a x %
w ( R or a k pi ) d m a c h i ni gn s t e e l of r r e p e t i t oi n
s T a h t i e s f s e a c h t a o e yr v g c h o o pi - d b m r a e a k c h i n a b i l i t y a n d
0 . 0 5 – 0 . 3 0 0 . 6 0 t o 0 . 9 0
S ui t a b l e a l s o of r c a s e h a r d e ni gn
S t 4 7 R
S t 4 2 R
o f eD s s t i e g e l n a t i o n
4 7 m i n
4 2 t o 5 4
k s T t g r e f n / m e n s m g l t i 2 h e
2 2
2 3
E o % l n m g a i n t i o n
0 .2 3
0 .2 3
m C a x %
0 . 0 5 5
0 . 0 5 5
m S a x %
0 . 0 5 5
0 . 0 5 5
p ur gH i p h o t s e e n s s i l e s t e e l r i v e t b a r s of r s t r u c t ur a l
s F t r or u c m t a u r n a l uf p ur a c t ur p o e s e o s . f h o t of r g e d r i v e t s of r
C %
S i %
M n %
T y p i c a l a p p l i c a I t i S o : n s 4 4
3 1 –1 9 6 7
S t e e l s of r R i v e t B ar s
m P a x %
T y p i c a l a p p l i c a t i o n s
I S I S : : 1 1 1 1 4 8 4 9 –1 –1 9 9 7 3 7 3
N N N N o o o o . . . . 2 5 4 3 — — — — S D R S H Q H H of e o k a u a a r r l i a t d e l n d a f r d l t d e r
C T o o l d f e m s R t r p ol i e p l s r e d S t e e l M n R S t 9 r o 0 i e i c n s k p s w s
N o .1 — H a r d
—
—
6 0
7 0
5 5
6 5
7 5
9 0
0 .1 5
0 .1 5
0 .2 5
0 .2 5
0 .2 5
0 . 6 0
0 . 6 0
0 . 6 0
0 . 6 0
0 . 6 0
0 . 0 5 0
0 . 0 5 0
0 . 0 5 0
0 . 0 5 0
0 . 0 5 0
of r g e n e r a l e m C gn i a n x % e e r i gn m nM p u a x % pr o s e m S s a % x
0 . 0 4 0
0 . 0 4 0
0 . 0 4 0
0 . 0 4 0
0 . 0 4 0
m P a x %
( c ) b F r i n gi e h t or
( b ) M d ul e l d ui m or
( a r ) C o o u gh a r s e or
S f ur i n i a s f c h e
F i n e or b r gi h t of r e l e c t r o pl a t i gn
M p ur e d p o ui s e m or d ul l of r g e n e r a l
a n C o d a r l s a e c q or u e r i or gn u gh of r e n a m e l l i gn
( B e l S l h — aM c ar a l x e ) d -
T y p i c a l a p p l i c a t i o n I s S : 4 0 3 0 –1 9 6 7
8 W e s t er m a n n T a b l e s
2 1 0 8
2 1 0
1 0 3 0
5 1 3
3 4 3 1
4 4 4 3 4 3 2 2
5 5 5 2 0 2 0 2 1 5 1 1 5 1 5 1 0 0 4 7 7 7 2 0 2 0 2 8
9 2 6 1 0 6 2
2 2 2 2 6 2 6 2 6
1 9 1 9 7 7 7 7
I S N o .
– – c M a a d o– d o– s t l i l n e a g s b l e i or n
G r e y i or n c a s t i n g s
S t e e l c a s t i n g s
– s s H s H s C of H t C t d ol t e r e o t r o gi i o o– e e e e l s t p h l d l t l R s t s d s or r s r pr f ol h f h o o l e i o o l r m r l n e e l e l l l e g e e d e e p t t s s d s s d a c p e p d s r r r a s c n a i t t e r i a n t r d b ur gn e e b on g l s e l s s e t on s s r i p
– C d o– a s e -h a r d e ni gn s t e e l s
– – H d – – B R d i o– d o– e o– d o– oi a l v e t e r t t r s e p t a l e a t a l t e e s b s l e s t e e l s
– – d o– d o–
– – d – d o– d o– o–
– S d r o– t u c t ur a l s t e e l s
T i t l e
4 4
4
4
4
6
6
6
7
7
7
5 5
6 6 6 7 7 7 8
5 5
5 5 5
5 5
S e e P a g e
W P MM 7 4 2 0
B M 3 5
F G 1 5
C S 1 2 5
F ; F 2 F 3 ; F 7
J 0 ; E D ; J 2 D ; D J D 3 ; D J 4 ;
1 S ; 1 D
C M 5 4 n 5 S 5 q 9 0 i h 2
1 1 C 1 M 0 n c
C T C G G G S r r a r t 3 4 0 3 5 5 0 a d d a e d e 2 –R M a e 2 2 1 n B A 7
S S t t 5 4 5 2 –H W – T w
S S S t t t 4 4 4 2 2 2 –K S – S – w c
S S t t 3 4 2 2 – – 0 0
W P MM
B M
C S
F
J
O
S
q
h
R w H W w K c S T
O S t
= = = = = = G s B gr B E O B s f C g i a D d ni a l o r r e r a l t r r t a l e i e s v g D u s c i a h c h = a k d n t n k gn yi gn t s n e t t t s h h or h e i d r d z h ; E y e ; r J n 1 e i 1 e a ; l a x D 3 w 2 u- gn F r 5 c 5 t 2 e t t r = a ; k n m g s = F d on a = d l a i gk a f t l B 3 e e D r e l / f o m gn / l = s l r e c b y m a p s a m ; m e c P a a r d w b l d k c l gi i e 1 2 ; l 2 5 r ; n h e a s d k 1 t w D h e i = l ; 2 e r n J or e d D 4 ol M 5 n l = = t s e = f i c u ni M or r s d a D f h ; s m a t o J i ni e 2 e n c um i n e e g m a = p ; t b m s F a l d um e 7 t r e s P r a l n l w = t e i s c n C i t e i n l g s n e s i a i l on n o l d d e
= S t a t i c s t r e s s e d s pr i n g s ; D = D yn a m i c s t r e s s e d
= H a r d e n e d a n d t e m p e r e d
= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = H or or .1 C C ( A A T C N P R F H F W S C S s O S A w p l vi u t o t a a a o o i u v r t i v on a e a r e g t e p s s d r r o r p t un un 5 e % e e t e h n l c b o r r l b b h oi d n i -f e d d d n ; l t oi i p on on on pl a a s e . or s a g a e n n u t a e e a i l g g b t e 3 l d d ( l c b r a r t r r t e l ; e A e h a e n w w a d l l y 2 e 3 – gn q s d m c e r s e i b b t d d v a v c e d o e i q q ui e ; l 0 l e o a l e e l m = e l e a c o– i gk n u u a = d d i w t a r r r r r i t f h a a a i a m gn b e s i c s / n n a l of l g g on = A g b d m a t i i q f g ; n e g a r e e t a e t l or y n a 0 s u y m e e t 0 e a pl e n c a o e q nn v q a l . 5 e l 4 r l 2 a c u u l .1 a ol o s on e a t m a l b i 2 r a o m e g i a y e a l l y 1 r yi t n o t e ( i a s i k n e x i e l w t t t c % b n n e ( h u g d y , u f t n d C i ol e P y w o ; r f i gh w d o i g / l n M e z n 0 m um a e . 7 0 v t on t n oh l d . 3 c e e a mm d e 5 t e d d l e n r e e n e m r % 5 t , 2 n t n g r l e S n e i f o s m t e n s n ,r % t l n i i un um om a n n a l e l i t d e s e e n e s n r ) i ) g u b pr d b e s 0 i l e m p e e e . e 3 d e t t y d r h a um s o a s 0 v e t u , u a or % r 1 e n n p e r % b t n . p t e f 1 a t e g l g o % ) a r d a n t e . m h s 0 i i . s l e 5 e o u t
2 2 1 6 0 4 7 0
= = c t W P e a n h e s t s i a r i t l l e t i e i h c s e t r m a e r n t a g l m e l t h a a s l l b a e l e r a e b r l oi on e n i r 3 c o 0 n a m c s t i m a n s t g d n s i gi a . t e F s t or b c a r a s s t a n s gi s
F G
5 1 3
1 0 7 9
4 4 5 4
2 5 0 7
2
5
C
M C T C n 3 5
7 5
( D e e x s a m i g n p a l e i ) t o n
E x p l a n a t i o n s
E x a m pl e s a n d E pxl a n a t oi n s
of e s S s e n y m t i a ( i l b r o on pr l i o c a D n p e d r e t i s s e i t s g e e n l of a ) m t oi a n t e r i a l s
W e s t er m a n n T a b l e s
9
o D f e s t s i e g e n l a t i o n
T 5 0 N i C r 3
T T T 5 6 6 5 N 0 N 0 i i C 1 r 6
0 .4 8 – 0 . 5 3
0 . 5 0 – 0 . 6 0
0 . 5 5 – 0 . 6 5
0 . 5 5 – 0 . 6 5
C %
0 .1 5 – 0 . 3 5
0 .1 5 – 0 . 3 5
0 .1 5 – 0 . 3 5
0 .1 5 – 0 . 3 5
S i %
0 .4 5 – 0 . 6 5
0 . 5 0 – 0 . 8 0
0 . 5 0 – 0 . 8 0
0 . 5 0 – 0 . 8 0
M n %
0 . 8 0 –1 . 0 0
.1 2 5 –1 . 6 5
1 . 0 – — .1 4
0 . 8 0 –1 . 0 0 0 . 3 0 – 0 .4 0
S t e e l s of r d y e b ol c k s of r d r o p of gr i n g s
T T 4 5 0 W 5 S 2 2 i M C r n 1 9 V 0 1 8 1 M 8 o 3
T T T 5 5 4 2 5 1 C C 5 r 7 r 1 C r 0 S 1 V 9 i 2
0 .4 5 – 0 . 5 5 0 . 5 0 –1 . 0 0
0 . 3 5 – 0 .4 5 0 . 5 0 –1 . 0 0
0 . 5 0 – 0 . 6 0 1 . 5 0 –2 . 0 0
0 . 5 0 – 0 . 6 0 0 .1 0 – 0 . 3 5
0 .4 0 – 0 . 5 0 0 . 8 0 – .1 1 0
.2 0 0 –2 . 3 0
0 .2 0 – 0 .4 0
0 .2 0 – 0 .4 0
0 . 8 0 –1 . 0 0
0 . 6 0 – 0 . 8 0
0 . 5 5 – 0 . 7 5
N i %
0 . 5 0 – — — 0 . 8 0
1 . 0 0 –1 . 5 0
1 0 . 0 . 6 .1 2 0 –1 — 0 – 0 –1 0 . 5 . 8 . 6 0 0 0
0 .2 5 – 0 . 5 0 1 1 . 0 –1 3 . 0
C r %
0 0 0 0 .2 . 8 .2 .2 — — 5 — — 5 5 – — — 0 – m m 0 0 .4 . a a x x 3 5 0
— — —
M o %
0 .1 0 – 0 .2 5
0 .1 0 – 0 .2 5
.1 7 5 – .2 2 5
3 1 0 . 5 .1 .4 .1 7 2 2 . 5 5 5 — 0 – — — — — — — — — — — –2 — — — — 0 – – – 0 1 1 .4 .2 . 6 7 . . 2 0 5 0 5 7 5
5 5
2 2 0 2 2 5 5 3 0 9 0 9 2 6 9 –4 7 7
2 3 5 – 3 0 2
2 1 2 –2 6 9
2 1 2 –2 6 9
of gr i n g s .
s e c t oi n s of r d r o p
s q u a r e ,r e c t a n g ul a r a n d
S t e e l of r d y e b l o c k s i n
A m n n e a a x l e d
h ar B d r n e i n s e H s t l e m a ar H l p d B er n d e n e e d d T y p i c a l a p p l i c a t i o n s
T 5 0 W 2 C r 1 V
1 5 5
T T T T T T T T T 8 7 1 1 1 9 6 5 0 3 1 9 8 3 0 3 0 0 M 0 M 0 0 C V 2 n 6 n r 3 6 4
0 . 8 5 – 0 . 9 5 0 .1 0 – 0 . 3 5
.1 0 0 – .1 2 0
0 . 9 0 – .1 2 0 0 .1 0 – 0 . 3 5
.1 1 0 – .1 2 5
0 .1 0 – 0 . 3 5
0 .4 0 – 0 . 8 0
0 .2 0 – 0 . 3 5 0 . 3 0 – 0 . 6 0
5 5
5
0 . 5 0 – 0 . 6 0 0 .1 0 – 0 . 3 5
.1 3 0 –1 . 5 0
0 .1 0 – 0 . 3 5
0 . 9 0 – .1 2 0 0 .1 0 – 0 . 3 5
.1 2 5 –1 . 7 5
0 .2 5 – 0 . 5 0
0 .2 5 – 0 . 5 0
0 . 5 0 – 0 . 8 0
0 . 3 0 – 0 . 6 0
0 . 9 0 –1 . 3 0
0 .4 0 – 0 . 8 0
0 . 5 0 – 0 . 8 0
0 .2 5 – 0 . 5 0 0 . 3 0 – 0 . 7 0
0 0 0 .1 .2 .2 . 8 0 0 5 — 0 – — 0 – — m m 0 0 .2 . 3 a x x a 0 0
0 .1 0 – 0 . 3 5
0 .1 0 – 0 . 3 0
0 . 8 5 – 0 . 9 5 0 .1 0 – 0 . 3 0
.1 2 5 – .1 4 0
0 . 9 5 – .1 1 0
0 .1 0 – 0 . 3 0
0 .2 0 – 0 . 3 5
0 .2 0 – 0 . 3 5
0 .1 0 – 0 . 3 0
0 . 6 5 – 0 . 7 5 0 .1 0 – 0 . 3 5
0 . 5 0 – 0 . 6 0 0 .1 0 – 0 . 3 5
0 .4 5 – 0 . 5 5 0 .1 0 – 0 . 3 5
0 . 5 0 – 0 . 6 0 0 .1 0 – 0 . 3 5
0 . 3 0 – 0 .4 0 0 . 8 0 – .1 2 0
0 . 3 0 – 0 .4 0 0 . 8 0 – .1 2 0
0 . 3 0 – 0 .4 0 0 . 8 0 – .1 2 0
0 .2 5 – 0 .4 0 0 .1 0 – 0 . 3 5
0 .2 0 – 0 . 3 5
0 .2 0 – 0 . 3 5
0 . 5 0 – 0 . 8 0
0 . 5 0 – 0 . 8 0
0 . 6 0 – 0 . 9 0
0 . 6 0 – 0 . 9 0
0 .2 0 – 0 .4 0
0 .2 5 – 0 . 5 0
0 .2 5 – 0 . 5 0
0 .2 0 – 0 .4 0
M n %
2 . 8 0 – 3 . 3 0
4 . 7 5 – 5 .2 5
0 .2 5 – 0 . 5 0 4 . 7 5 – 5 .2 5 .1 2 0 –1 . 6 0 1 . 0 0 –1 2 . 0
4 . 7 5 – 5 .2 5
2 . 8 0 – 3 . 3 0
C r %
.1 2 0 –1 — . 6 0
M o %
0 .2 0 – 0 .4 0
.1 2 — 0 –1 . 6 0
x 0
m a k i gn t o ol s a n d d y e s
T h e s e a r e u s e d of r t h e
h a r d e n e d a n d t e m p e r e d .
c a p a b l e of b e i gn
3 8
s h a p e s of r c ol d w or ,k
b l a nk s ,r i n g s , a n d o t h e r
i n t h e of r m of b a r s ,
a l l o y t o ol a n d d y e s t e e l s
of r pl a i n c a r b on a n d
C o v e r s t h e r e q ui r e m e n t s
I S : 3 7 4 9 –1 9 6 6
c o p p e r e t c .
d y e c a s t i gn d y e s of r
T o ol a n d d y e s t e e l s
o D f e s t s i e g e n l a t i o n
0 . 7 5 – 0 . 8 5 0 .1 0 – 0 . 3 5
T o ol 1 a . 0 n 0 — — — — — — — — d –1 d y . 6 e 0 s t e e l — — — — — — — — — — — s of r c ol d 0 0 . 3 .1 w — — 0 5 – — — — — — — — o r m 0 k a . 3
of r b l a nk i n g , t r i m m i n g ,
T 3 3 W 9 C r 3 V
0 . 8 5 – 0 . 9 5 0 .1 0 – 0 . 3 0
2 2 0 2 2 2 2 2 3 2 2 3 2 2 3 2 2 3 2 2 5 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 1 0 4 0 4 0 4 0 4 0 0 0 3 0 0 3 0 0 6 5 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 s h a pi gn a n d s h e a r i n g .
T T T T 5 3 3 3 5 W 5 C 5 C 5 C r 5 r r 5 1 5 4 M C o oM oM r l 3 W V V V 1 1 3 4 V 0 5 3 0
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C %
S i %
0 . 3 0 – 0 .4 0
0 .2 0 – 0 .4 0
0 .2 5 – 0 . 5 0
V %
1 3 . 0 –1 5 . 0
8 .1 . 0 2 0 –1 — — 0 –1 . 6 0 . 0 0
W %
a h H ( B n ar B 2 2 2 2 2 r , n d i e 4 2 2 2 4 n m a 8 9 9 9 1 e e l n a s l l x e d s ) b f gi oh U o l s a gr d gn t T s e d i e y w n s f p y , t g d i e a gi or c d r a i i m y n gn e l x e s a t m s r , e p u r d e p y s r oh t s l e oi i , b s d t c , n y a s r of d h a e e t i s o s y r , a s n e r s ,
T o ol a n d d y e s t e e l s of r h o t w or k
I S : 3 7 4 8 –1 9 6 6
1 0 W e s t er m a n n T a b l e s
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onn S of f t e or r r o h u a s r , d mn a e t t a r l u s a l w o o d ,
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K 3 0
s S t r of e n t g gr t h e y s t e c a e l t , s l oi a m r i ,nl n a o t w e d t w e n o s i o l d e
T c on a gnl ur d e nni i : t l g oi n a r , g s l e p a nn e v e n gni un , s d h e p r a un i n f g , a m v o l i u r l i n a b g l . e R a k e
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Resistance to wear
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l a 2 a 2 G m s r 0 e c i y o n p a p H c B a t e d e r , s t w , b onn oi r - r o n a o f s d , s e o r f of a or h u a ul a r m s b m d r i n a n e e s i s t i u s a v m l e s u , , p t y s t p o c e u h
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T b r u o r a ni c n h g i n , g m i l l i n g , pl a nn i n g , r e a m i n g ,
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m T u i l l r i n ni n g , g , s pr c r e a pi c i s gn oi n t ur ni gn a n d b or i n g ,
T m T e s ur e ur p e ni ni d c n ui i a m gn l g , , l . y p F m e ni or l e i l f a i n l d : gi u e t m om t ur e , p d l n i a a i t i gn um nn c m , p o i n a r g a . c r h h t i C i i g u n n h t e t s g n of gi f s p e e d :
F T e ur e d : ni m gn , e d m ui l m i l i n g . C u t t i gn s p e e d : m e d ui m .
F T e u e r d : ni l gn o w . C t o u t m t i e gn d i um s p e e d : m e d ui m t o h gi .h
i l S n o t c l w e e u l t s , s e n oi t s n i e s e l e l or s c t r a s s e h t n i r n i nk g t h g s a o w g i f e t h m c e a d vi s a n i t i d um e s o r
i n S t c l e e u s ,l s oi t n e s e l or c a s s h t i r n i nk g s a w g i e t h c a vi s a n t i d e s
a m ol T n a w ur d h .F nni w c ni e g or i k n e d , p : on g l un h a n a d gi h ni u e . t r om R gn u , a nf a k s h t e i a a c v a o m u gn pni a r e l g a c . b h l C l a i n e r u e g t c e t s o n n of gi d i r s t p oi e n e s d :
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I d e n c t P ol i f 0 i 1 o ur c a t oi n C a t r pi b i d e C u t t i gn
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i m T m T f e ur e ur o d p ni i nn d e u ui r m gi m gn a t , , . i t P m gn ol p l a l i a l c w nn nn l on o ni i .F i n n g d . g g i C t e , : i e on d m w u t i t s : m i l t l n h gi i a n r e l s e d g o . w p un ui C e f e f m u e d a e t t v o t i a o n d n ur h r d g a i gh s t a f e e p b e l e e e e v d d : e : n
C T ur u t t i ni gn gn , s p t h e r e e d : a d h i gi gn .h a n F d e e m d : i l l l o n w gi or m e d ui m
S t e e ,l s t e e l c a s t i gn
C P r u e t t i c i gn s oi n s p t e u e r d : ni h gn gi a n ,h d F f e i e n d : e l b o o w r i gn
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S n 9 6
S n 9 9
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u i m of pl A n of d t v a e r e c o t a n d u ul gr i i s s of o r l n e s d i t a a o , l r g i b t s i d i n . s t e l u , v e s b e g , , c U h a l n p s i s e i e e a g , s m s c h d w t h e k t e i m i f i c yl of e r r o gn a l b s s l t p , m i a a r a or r n e n d s n d o s , e d e s e b e s f c r q d l s i a o e u a l h n e ok w i n gn d p e i ni m d a t n n s g g e , d n t
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I S : 4 2 8 0 –1 9 6 7
I S : 4 6 9 9 –1 9 6 8
P gi l e a d
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T o u gh pi t c h a r s e ni c a l c o p p e r
F i r e r e f i n e d t o u gh pi t c h c o p p e r
c F o i r p e p r e r e f i n e d h gi h c on d u c t vi i t y
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W e s t er m a n n T a b l e s
