An analysis of the work of comic artist Chris Ware through the lens of graphic design.Descripción completa
Antennas, Small Antennas
piping design
ABOUT CVTDescrição completa
finite lement test of girderFull description
Antennas, Small Antennas
Guide for the selection of welding rodsFull description
costing of welds
process in weld
Full description
Full description
Weldor Welding symbolsDescripción completa
las..Deskripsi lengkap
Joint Design
BUTT JOINT
FILLET JOINT STRAP JOINT
LAP JOINT
CORNER JOINT
Generalized Welding Welding Symbol
FAR SIDE DET DE TAILS
Field weld symbol
Weld Geometry Electrode Material
D D
ARROW SIDE DETAILS
L1-L2 L1-L2
Weld all-around for pipes, etc.
D = Weld Depth (usually equal to plate thickness) L1 = Weld Length L2 = Distance between centers for stitched welds
The Field Weld Symbol is a guide for installation. Shipyards normally do not use it, except in modular construction.
Example Welding Symbol
Geometry symbol for V-groove
One-sided welds are max 80% efficient Two sided are 100% efficient effic ient 1/2
1/2
Weld Symbols (Butt Joints)
Backing
Weld Symbol (Fillet Joints)
Weld Symbol (Corner Joints)
Weld design & Process Selection Considerations: •
Configuration Configuration of the components or structure to be welded, and their thickness and size
•
Methods used to manufacture the components
•
Service requirements, Type of loading and stresses generated
•
Location, accessibility accessibility and ease of welding
•
Effects of distortion and discoloration
•
Appearance
•
Costs involved
Welding Design Guidelines
Fig : Design guidelines for welding
General Design Guidelines
Fig : Standard identification and symbols for welds
Robotic Ro botic welding Robots are driven using actuators which control the robotic arm from an input signal. They can use hydraulic (large robots), pneumatic(small actuators with simple control movements) or electrical principles of operation.
A computer sends instructions in electrical signals or pulses. An interface converts these digital pulses into analogue electricity for the motors. The robot is fitted with sensors which can send feedback on the position of the robot.
Advantages of Robotic welding • Faster production rates • Efficent continous operation • Safe working practice • Reliable and consistent welds • Full automation • Cost effective
Examples Automated welding of motor vehicles skeletel frames and bodies.
Robotic welding wel ding Terms Lead through programming Teaching robot movements through guiding it manually through a sequence of operations. These are recorded to memory Machine Vision Area of vision robot has, limits which robot sensors can operate Working envelope The area within which a robot can operate. Where the work is carried out by robotic arm Yaw left and right movement of robotic arm Roll rotation of robot about one of its axis Degrees of freedom These are the number of independent movements of the arm joints( or actuators) the robot has.
