continuing professional education. As such, it construed to be an approval or endorsement by the AIA of an material of construction or an method or manner of handling, using, distributin
or dealin in an material or
product. Questions related to specific materials, methods, and services may be addressed at the conclusion of this presentation.
continuing professional education. As such, it construed to be an approval or endorsement by the AIA of an material of construction or an method or manner of handling, using, distributin
or dealin in an material or
product. Questions related to specific materials, methods, and services may be addressed at the conclusion of this presentation.
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© Amer Americ ican an Ar Arc chi hite tect ctur ural al Manufacturers Association 2010
Comparison of the AAMA/WDMA/CSA 101/I.S.2/A440 -08 lab test (referred to as NAFS-08) to the AAMA 502 ualit assurance field test and the AAMA 511 forensic evaluation Determination of appropriate water test pressures, test durations and water applications via NAFS-08, AAMA 502-08, 503-08 an 511-08 How to s ecif ro ect-s ecific ualit assurance field testing The ro er use of AAMA 511 for forensic evaluations
“NAFS-08” Lab Testing – product performance ratings
“
”
–
Performed on “newly” installed products to verify installed performance of the product and the installation
“511” Forensic Testing –
Performed on wall assemblies with known water contro pro ems as a means to accurate y identify suspect wall construction components and details
Utilizes ASTM E 547 and/or E 331 for test methodology Test is performed under controlled environmental conditions manufacturer’s instructions in a recise test buck opening
Conversion as per NAFS-08 15% for R, LC, CW 20% for AW Water Resistance Test Pressure is capped at 12.00 psf for the U.S. and 15.00 psf for Canada
er ormance Class
n mum Design Pressure, Pa ( sf)
n mum Structural test pressure, Pa ( sf)
n mum Water Resistance Test Pressure, Pa (psf)
R
15.0
22.5
2.90
.
.
.
CW
30.0
45.0
4.50
AW
40.0
60.0
8.00
6.00 PSF (~50 mph)
water head
1 . 1 6
7.50 PSF (~55 mph)
water head
1 . 4 4
AAMA 502-08
AAMA 502-90
AAMA 502-02
Added reference to AAMA accredited laboratory and first introduced the 1/3 WTP reduction for water resistance testing of installed products
AAMA 502-08
Defined “newl ” installed as rior to issuance of the occupancy permit not to exceed 6 months after installation of the fenestration product.
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Field Measurement of Air Leakage through
Field Determination of Water Penetration of Installed Exterior Windows, Curtain Walls and oors y n orm or yc c tat c r ressure Difference
Requires testing agency to report and make adjustments enclosures are required to reduce adverse effects of wind and temperature at the project site.
The default air leakage for quality assurance field testing is 1.5 times the applicable a oratory stan ar or t e pro uct type an performance class
TO OUTSIDE BAROMETRIC PRESSURE
PRESSURE MEASURING DEVICE
ALTERNATE TEST CHAMBER
TEST CHAMBER EXHAUST
VALVE AIR SYSTEM
INNERMOST PLANE FOR WATER PENETRATION . . PRESSURE GAUGE VALVE
W
CALIBRATED WATER SPRAY RACK
THE CHAMBER SHALL NOT BE PERMITTED TO MAKE ANY CONTACT WITH THE FENESTRATION PRODUCT
Requires testing agency to report and make adjustments for ambient conditions Test is performed on the entire enestrat on pro uct open ng
The test pressure shall not be less than .
pressure equal to 2/3 of the tested and rated laboratory performance per AAMA/WDMA/CSA 101/I.S. 2/A440
1. Newly installed fenestration product(s) shall be field tested in accordance with AAMA 502, "Voluntary Fenestration Products." 2. Test three (unless otherwise specified) of the fenestration completely installed for air leakage resistance and water penetration resistance as specified. . uniform static test pressure of ___ Pa (___ psf). The maximum allowable rate of air leakage shall not exceed ___ 4. Water penetration resistance tests shall be conducted at a static test pressure of ___Pa (____ psf). No water •
AAMA 502
1/3 reduction to the laboratory rating of the WTP is the default Sill Dam test is removed from 502 and moved to the 511 document
Method “A” ◦
Product only testing has been eliminated from the 502-08 and moved to AAMA 511.
If the source of the water cannot be determined, a forensic evaluation using e proce ures ou ne n s a be performed
AAMA 503-08
AAMA 503 was originally published in 1992 AAMA 503 is a similar document to AAMA 502 for Storefronts, Curtain Walls & Sloped . Updated in 2003 & 2008 – “ ” as prior to issuance of the occupancy permit not to exceed 6 months after issuance of the occupancy permit.
Storefronts Curtain Wall Sloped Glazing
Storefronts Curtain Wall Sloped Glazing
Storefronts Curtain Wall Sloped Glazing
ASTM E 2128 ,
Evaluatin This
Standard Guide for Water Leaka e of Buildin Walls
guide describes methods for determining and . considered a system including its exterior and interior finishes, fenestration, and structural .
Involves more than just testing The purpose of diagnostic testing is to recrea e wa er ea s a are nown o occur AAMA 502 and 503 testing or is used in a water intrusion investigation
“…The ultimate goal of 511 diagnostic testing is to recreate existing leakage behavior that occurs under in-service .”
Four Preliminary Steps prior to testing ◦
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Review of project documents Evaluation of design concept Determination of service history Inspection
Investigative Testing Analysis Report
Step #1: Review Project Documents • • • • •
Architectural drawings Structural drawings Sho drawin s Installation instructions Contracts
• •
Specifications Warranties
Step # 2: Evaluation of Design Concept • • • • •
Water management concept Critical details Test re orts Flashing Sealants
Step # 3: Determination of Service History • • •
Interview knowledgeable personnel Research leak history
Step #4: Inspection • • • • •
Interior observations x er or o serva ons Observe workmanship Observe product deficiency Develop a hypothesis for the source of the water intrusion
Determination is based on: ◦
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◦
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Field Standards Laboratory Standards Prior Testin Weather Data Experience
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◦
Simulate the weather events If calculated wind speed is greater then 2/3 of the rated WTP for the product it may be that the roduct was not the most a ro riate for the project. At least one pressure difference test must be done at the 2/3 pressure
ASCE – 7 accounts for: ◦
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◦
◦
xposure Height above grade Basic wind s eed (or weather data) Location of within façade
• The objective of testing is to identify the leak
Consistent leaks more than one year eav es ea age w ce ur ng ep em er Class II ., . ground Window is 4’ high x 4’ wide, wind area (A) of 16 ft 2 AAMA rating C35
ASCE/SEI 7‐05 analysis is used with the following information: ◦
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Location of building (Newark, NJ) u ng usage es gna on ass Exposure level (Exposure B) Buildin desi n enclosed structure with a flat roof Building height (33 ft.) Window area (16 square ft.)
From these features, the water resistance test pressure is, theoretically, 2.4 psf.
Local weather data is analyzed by daily readings for September of 2005, allowing the investigator to observe the weather condition, amount o prec p tat on an max mum w n speed for each day
The maximum 5‐second gust wind speeds are recorded for every day in September in which measurable rainfall occurred
4-Sep-05 12-Sep-05 - ep-
0.12 0.33 .
Max Wind Speed (mph) 5-Sec. Gust 16 11
Only two leak events are reported during September 2005
Average wind determined to be 34 mph
Date
Rain Fall (in)
12-Sep-05 21-Sep-05
. 0.33 0.67
Max Wind Speed (mph) 5-Sec. Gust 11 52
Result = 2.1 psf which is the differential pressure used to evaluate the window opening in question
Weather data analysis is used to determine field water penetration resistance pressure
‐ . . tested water penetration resistance pressure
The result of the weather data anal sis (2.2 sf ) is the differential pressure used to evaluate the window opening in question
Leak Reported during storm on September 21, 2005 C ass II, Exposure C Building height is 60 ft., window (z) is 55 . Window is 2’ high x 2’ wide, wind area (A) of 4 ft2 AAMA rating C35
ASCE/SEI 7‐05 analysis is used with the following n ormat on: ◦
Location of building (Chicago, Il)
◦
Building usage designation (Class II)
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Exposure level (Exposure C)
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Building design (enclosed structure with a flat roof )
◦
Building height (60 ft.)
◦
Window area (4 square ft.)
From these features, the water resistance test pressure is, theoreticall 3.2 sf.
Referring to tabulated local weather data above, the investigator can determine and record the maximum 5‐second gust speeds on
21-Sep-05
0.67
Max Wind Speed . Gust 52
52 mph can now be used in Eq.‐ 6‐15 from SEI/ASCE 7‐05 to esta s a w n pressure o . ps
Since specimen height is above 60 feet above grade, this wind ressure is inserted into E .‐ 6‐23 to calculate maximum test pressure Result = 8.4 psf, which is greater than the laboratory wa er pene ra on res s ance es pressure o . ps as prescribed for a C 35 product rating.
Since calculated differential air test pressure exceeds the rated performance value for the product, investigator shall first perform at least 1 test at 2/3 of the product pressure.
Need to determine: ◦
◦
How to apply water How long to run test
◦
pressure
How much air pressure How to step or p ase pressure
How long would you test these substrates?
Which application best fulfills the objective?
How does differential pressure affect the test s ecimen?
Start with zero differential pressure then
Start testing at lower elevations and work Introduce one new element at a time into each new water test spray Do not turn the water off at the first Try to trace the leak from the exterior to the interior and use destructive wall probes as Do not end non-leaking tests until you are confident the specimen is not contributing
No or limited leak history Lea reporte as win ow ea w en ea is actually from another source Not able to achieve differential pressure Owner does not want to remove interior finishes No or limited access to concealed wall Inclement weather Isolation failures
The
forensic investigator has the responsibility to make every attempt to ascertain the exact path of water intrusion
basis of the inspection and testing data collected in the previous steps. If
conclusions cannot be fully supported by
investigation is needed
All reports shall be self-contained documents
Shall include justification for deviations from
The reports shall not include any unsubstantiated opinions or conclusions.
investigator shall present options for obtaining conclusive results
