vocabulary for advanced.docx

CITIES

An important commercial centre A vibran cultural centre A major tourist attraction A sprawling metropolis Gridlocked rush-hour traffic Accessible open spaces Run-down estates Affluent suburbs Steeped in history Seriously polluted Densely populated Friendly and welcoming Urban sprawl is the unchecked spreading of a city or its suburbs. It often involves the construction  of residential or commercial buildings in rural  areas or otherwise undeveloped land on the outskirts of the city. Typical residents of these areas live in single-family homes and travel by car to their jobs in the city. Concerns over urban sprawl largely focus on negative consequences for residents and the local space environment. The tendency of people living in these neighbourhoods to coomute to work means that urban sprawl is sometimes associated with increased air pollution from car exhaust fumes.  realated

to towns and cities:  realated to trade or business:  particular part of a place:  not previously built on:  people who live in a place: NOUN Demolition (development developer Resident (person) Residence Environment (person, activist) Pollution (problem) Pollutant (substance

VERB Demolish Develop Reside

ADJECTIVE demolished developed Undeveloped Residential

X

Environmental

Pollute

polluted

Some adjectives have a special meaning as noun suffixes: -

Free: without an undesirable thing Friendly: suitable for or welcoming of Mad: liking or doing sth obsessively

The noun in these phrases is singular  in everyday speech and writing we use people as the plural

form of person. The plural form persons is rarely used in speech, but is used in certain formal contexts COLLOCATIONS Densely populated Leafy suburbs Open spaces Violent crime Tourist atrractions Traffic congestion City centre Public transport system Pedestrian area Exhaust fumes Air pollution Traffic jams Rush hours     

PHRASAL VERBS Break down Get around Look forward to

IDIOMS Go to town on sth Hit the road Cut and dried

Hustle and bustle: busy, noisy activity Peace and quiet: calm atmosphere Pros and cons: advantages and disadvantages Ups and downs: good times and bad times Give and take: compromise

there are even socially INCLUSIVE CCTB systems, which allow local residents to tune in to community TV and watch what is happening outside their front doors. the installation of cameras has SURPRISINGLY little impact on crime. In only one of the 14 areas could a significant drop in crime levels be linked to CCTV. EXAM PRACTICE

Build-up Packed Remnant Bedsit Dreadful Landmark Decidedly Rotten

Renaissance Lined Storeys Squashed Dentistry Arche Drains

PERSONAL HISTORY