Vocabulary for Academic IELTS Writing Task 1

Vocabulary For Academic IELTS Writing Task 1 (part 1) Te Academic IELTS IELTS Writing Task Task 1 re!uires r e!uires you to use se"eral "ocabularies to present te data gi"en in a pie# bar# line# mi$ed graps or to describe a process or a %lo& cart' eing able to use appropriate "ocabulary presenting main trends comparing * contrasting data and presenting te logical %lo& o% te grap ensures a ig band score in your Academic IELTS &riting &riting task 1' Tis "ocabulary section aims to elp you learn all te "ocabulary prases prases and &ords you need to kno& and use in your Academic &riting task 1 to acie"e a ig band score' Te e$aminer &ill use %our criteria to score your response+ task acie"ement coerence and coesion le$ical resource grammatical range and accuracy' Since le$ical resources &ill determine ,-. o% your score in Ta Task sk 1 you a"e to enric your "ocabulary to it a ig score' To demonstrate demonstrate tat you a"e great le$ical resources you need to+

» Use correct synonyms in your writing. » Use a range of vocabulary. » Do not repeat words and phrases from t he exam question unless there is no alternative. » Use less common vocabulary. » Do not use the same word more than once/twice. » Use precise and accurate words in a sentence.

It is ad"ised tat you learn synonyms and use tem accurately in your &riting in order to gi"e an impression tat you a"e a good range o% "ocabulary'

The general format for writing academic writing task  is as following!

Introduction / asic# 0eneral Trends / etails escription / 2onclusion "optional#' Eac part as a speci%ic %ormat and tere%ore being e!uipped &it te necessary "ocabulary &ill elp you to &rite te task 1 e%%iciently and &ill sa"e a great deal o% time'

Vocabulary Vocabu lary %or te Introduction 3art+

$tarting

%resentation Type

&erb

Description

Te gi"en # te

diagram # table # %igure #

so&s # represents #

te comparison o%4

supplied # te

illustration # grap # cart

depicts # enumerates #

te di%%erences4

presented # te

# %lo& cart # picture#

illustrates # presents#

te canges'''

so&n # te pro"ided#

presentation# pie cart #

gi"es # pro"ides #

te number o%4

te

bar grap# column grap

describes # delineates#

in%ormation on4

# line grap # table data#

e$presses# outlines#

data on4

data # in%ormation #

denotes# compares#

te proportion o%4

pictorial# process

so&s contrast #

te amount o%4

The general format for writing academic writing task  is as following!

Introduction / asic# 0eneral Trends / etails escription / 2onclusion "optional#' Eac part as a speci%ic %ormat and tere%ore being e!uipped &it te necessary "ocabulary &ill elp you to &rite te task 1 e%%iciently and &ill sa"e a great deal o% time'

Vocabulary Vocabu lary %or te Introduction 3art+

$tarting

%resentation Type

&erb

Description

Te gi"en # te

diagram # table # %igure #

so&s # represents #

te comparison o%4

supplied # te

illustration # grap # cart

depicts # enumerates #

te di%%erences4

presented # te

# %lo& cart # picture#

illustrates # presents#

te canges'''

so&n # te pro"ided#

presentation# pie cart #

gi"es # pro"ides #

te number o%4

te

bar grap# column grap

describes # delineates#

in%ormation on4

# line grap # table data#

e$presses# outlines#

data on4

data # in%ormation #

denotes# compares#

te proportion o%4

pictorial# process

so&s contrast #

te amount o%4

diagram# map# pie cart

indicates # %igures # gi"es

in%ormation on'''

and table# bar grap and

data on # gi"es

data about'''

pie cart '''

in%ormation on# presents

comparati"e data'''

in%ormation about#

te trend o%'''

so&s data about#

te percentages o%'''

demonstrates# outlines# summarises'''

'xample !

1'

Te T e pro" pro"id ided ed di diag agra ram m so so&s &s da data ta on em empl ploy oyme ment nt ca cate tego gori ries es in en ener ergy gy pr prod oduc ucin ing g sec secto tors rs in Eu Euro rope pe starting %rom 15,- and till 156-'

,'

Te T e gi" gi"en en pi pie e ca cart rts s rep repres resen entt te te pr prop opor orti tion on o% ma male le an and d %em %emal ale e emp emplo loye yee e in in 7 bro broad ad ca cate tego gori ries es di"ided into manual and non8manual occupations in Freedonia'

9'

Te T e ca cart rt gi gi"e "es s in% in%orm ormat atio ion n on on e$p e$pen endi ditu tures res o% : Eur Europ opea ean n cou count ntri ries es on si si$ $ con consu sume merr pro produ duct cts s namely 0ermany Italy ritain and France'

:'

Te T e sup suppl plie ied d bar bar gra grap p co comp mpar ares es t te e num numbe berr o% o% mal male e and and %e %ema male le gr grad adua uate ted d in in tr tree ee de de"e "elo lopi ping ng countries &ile te table data presents te o"erall literacy rate in tese c ountries'

-'

Te T e bar bar gr grap ap  and and t te e tab table le da data ta de depi pict ct t te e &at &ater er us use e in in di% di%%e %eren rentt sec secto tors rs in %i %i"e "e re regi gion ons' s'

7'

Te T e bar bar gr grap ap  enu enume mera rate tes s te te mo mone ney y spe spent nt on di di%% %%er eren entt rese resear arc c pr pro; o;ect ects s &il &ile e te te co colu lumn mn gr grap ap  demonstrates te sources o% te amount spent o"er a decade commencing %rom 1561' (ote that) some teacers pre%er "The line graph demonstrates..."  %ormat instead o% "The given line graph demonstrates..." '
1' For a single grap use =s= a%ter te "erb like 8 gi"es data on so&s# presents etc' ?>T use =s= a%ter te "erb'

,' I% tere are multiple graps and eac one presents a di%%erent type o% data you can &rite &ic grap presents &at type o% data and use =&ile= to so& a connection' For e$ample 8=Te gi"en bar grap so&s te amount spent on %ast %ood items in ,@@5 in te B &ile te pie cart presents a comparison o% people=s ages &o spent more on %ast %ood'

9' Cour Cour introduction sould be !uite impressi"e as it makes te %irst impression to te e$aminer' It eiter makes or breaks your o"erall score'

:' For multiple graps and# or table(s) you can &rite &at tey present in combination instead o% saying &ic eac grap depicts' For e$ample "The two pie charts and the column graph in combination depicts a  picture of the crime in in Australia from 2005 to 2015 and the percentages of young offenders during during this  period."

+aution! ?e"er copy &ord %or &ord %rom te !uestion' I% you do do you &ould be penalised' al&ays paraprase te introduction in your o&n &ords'

0eneral Statement 3art+ Te 0eneral statement is te %irst sentence (or t&o) you &rite in your reporting' It sould al&ays deal &it+

,hat - ,here - ,hen.

E$ample+ Te diagrams present in%ormation on te percentages o% teacers &o as e$pressed teir "ie&s on di%%erent problems tey %ace &en dealing &it cildren in tree Australian scools %rom ,@@1 to ,@@-'

Wat D te percentages o% teacers'''

Were D tree Australian scools''''

Wen D %rom ,@@1 to ,@@-'''

 A good 0eneral statement sould sould al&ays a"e tese parts' parts'

Vocabulary %or te 0eneral Trend 3art+

In general In common 0enerally speaking >"erall It is ob"ious As is obser"ed As a general trend As can be seen  As an o"erall trend trend As is presented' It can be clearly seen tat  At te %irst glance glance it is clear clear

 At te onset it is clear tat  A glance at te graps re"eals tat''' 'xample!

1'

In general te employment opportunity as increased till 15@ and as dropped do&n a%ter&ards'

,'

As is obser"ed te %igures %or imprisonment in te %i"e mentioned countries so& no o"erall pattern o% increase or decrease rater so&s te considerable %luctuation %rom country to country'

9'

0enerally speaking SA ad a %ar more standard li%e tan all te oter : mentioned countries'

:'

As can be seen te igest number o% passengers used te London nderground station at 6+@@ in te morning and at 7+@@ in te e"ening'

-'

0enerally speaking more men &ere engaged in managerial positions in 156 tan tat o% &omen in ?e& Cork'

7'

As an o"erall trend te number o% crimes reported increased %airly rapidly until te mid8se"enties remained constant %or %i"e years and %inally dropped to ,@ cases a &eek a%ter 156,'

'

At te %irst glance it is clear tat more percentages o% nati"e uni"ersity pupils "iolated regulations and rules tan te %oreign students'

6'

At te onset it is clear tat drinking in public and drink dri"ing &ere te most common reasons %or te S citiens to be arrested in ,@1:'

Te structure o% te IELTS Academic Writing Task 1 (Geport Writing)+

Introduction+ Introduction (?e"er copy &ord %or &ord %rom te !uestion') / >"er"ie&# 0eneral trend' (Wat te diagrams indicate at a %irst glance')

Geporting etails+ Hain %eatures in te etails / 2omparison and 2ontrast o% te data' (o not gi"e all te %igures') / Host striking %eatures o% te grap'

2onclusion+ 2onclusion (0eneral statement / Implications signi%icant comments) 2onlcusion is optional'J

Tips+

1' Write introduction and 0eneral trend in te same paragrap' Some students pre%er to &rite te =0eneral Trend= in a separate paragrap and many teacers suggest te bot to be &ritten in a single paragrap' nless you a"e a really good reason to &rite te general trend in te second paragrap try to &rite tem bot in te %irst paragrap'
,' Cour =Introduction (general statement / o"erall trend# general trend) sould a"e - 8 6@ &ords'

9' > ?>T gi"e numbers percentages or !uantity in your general trend' Gater gi"e te most striking %eature o% te grap tat could be easily understood at a glance' Tus it is suggested to AV>I 8

"A glance at the graphs reveals that 70% male were employed in 2001 while 40 thousand women in this year had jos." 

 And use a %ormat #comparison like te %ollo&ing+

"A glance at the graphs reveals that more men were employed than their female counterpart in 2001 and almost two-third females were obless in the same year. " 

Vocabulary to Start te Geport ody+ Kust a%ter you %inis &riting your =Introduction= (i'e' 0eneral Statement / 0eneral o"er"ie&# trend) you are e$pected to start a ne& paragrap to describe te main %eatures o% te diagrams' Tis second paragrap is called te =ody 3aragrap # Geport ody' Cou can a"e a single body paragrap# report body or up to 9 (not

more tan 9 in any case) depending on te number o% graps pro"ided in te !uestion and te type o% tese graps' Tere are certain prases you can use to start your body paragrap and %ollo&ing is a list o% suc prases 888

1' As is presented in te diagram(s)# grap(s)# pie cart(s)# table''' ,' ?o& turning to te details'''' 9' As can be seen in te''' :' According to te''' -' Te table data clearly so&s tat''' 7' As te diagrams suggest'''

Vocabulary to so& te canges+

Trends

&erb form

(oun orm

ncrease

rise # increase # go up # upli%t # rocket(ed) # climb #

a rise # an increase # an up&ard trend # a

upsurge # soar# sot up# impro"e# ;ump# leap#

gro&t # a leap # a ;ump # an

mo"e up&ard# skyrocket# soar# surge'

impro"ement# a climb'

%all # decrease # decline # plummet # plunge # drop #

a %all # a decrease # a reduction # a

reduce # collapse # deterioriate# dip # di"e # go

do&n&ard trends #a do&n&ard

do&n # take a nosedi"e # slum # slide # go into

tendency # a decline# a drop # a slide # a

%ree8%all'

collapse # a do&n%all'

uncanged # le"el out # remain constant # remain

a steadiness# a plateau # a stability# a

steady # plateau # remain te same # remain stable

static

Decrease

$teadiness

# remain static

an up&ard trend # an up&ard tendency # a

0radual increase 111111111111

ceiling trend

a do&n&ard trend # a do&n&ard tendency

0radual decrease

$tandability/ lat

111111111111

# a descending trend

le"el(ed) o%% # remain(ed) constant # remain(ed) uncanged # remain(ed) stable # pre"ail(ed) consistency # plateaued # reac(ed) a plateau # stay(ed) uni%orm #immutable # le"el(ed) out# stabilise# remain(ed) te same'

?o cange a %lat a plateau'

'xamples!

1'

Te o"erall sale o% te company as increased by ,@. at te end o% te year'

,'

Te e$penditure o% te o%%ice remained constant %or te last 7 monts but te pro%it rose by almost ,-.'

9'

Tere &as a 1-. drop in te student enrollment o% te ni"ersity'

:'

Te population o% te country remained almost te same as it &as , years ago'

-'

Te population o% tese t&o cities increase signi%icantly in te last t&o decades and it is predicted tat it &ill remain stable in te ne$t - years'

Tips!

1' se 2improve2 / 2an improvement2 to describe a situation like economic condition or employment status' To denote numbers use oter "erbs#nouns like increase' ,' o not use te same &ord# prase o"er and o"er again' In %act you sould not use a noun or "erb %orm to describe a trend#cange more tan t&iceM once is betterN

9' To acie"e a ig band score you need to use a "ariety o% "ocabulary as &ell as sentence %ormations'

Vocabulary to represent canges in graps+

Type of

3dverb form

3d4ective form

dramatically # rapidly # sarply

dramatic # rapid # sarp # !uick #

# !uickly # urriedly # speedily #

urried # speedy # s&i%t #

s&i%tly # signi%icantly#

signi%icant # considerable #

considerably # substantioally #

substantial # noticable'

+hange 5apid change

noticably'

6oderate

moderately # gradually #

moderate # gradual #

change

progressi"ely # se!uentially'

progressi"e # se!uential'

$teady change

 steadily# ceaselessly'

steady# ceaseless'

$light change

sligtly # slo&ly # mildly #

sligt # slo& # mild # tedious'

tediously' 'xample!

1'

Te economic in%lation o% te country increased sarply by ,@. in ,@@6'

,'

Tere &as a sarp drop in te industrial production in te year ,@@5'

9'

Te demand %or ne& ouses dramatically increased in ,@@,'

:'

Te population o% te country dramatically increased in te last decade'

-'

Te price o% te oil moderately increased in last !uarter but as a conse!uence te price o% daily necessity rapidly &ent up'

&ocabulary to represent frequent changes in graphs! Type of +hange

&erb form

(oun form

 5apid ups and

&a"e # %luctuate # oscillate #

&a"es # %luctuations #

downs

"acillate # palpitate

oscillations # "acillations # palpitations

'xample!

1'

Te price o% te ra& materials %luctuated %or te %irst tree monts'

,'

Te grap so&s te oscillations o% te price o% %uel %rom 1556 to ,@@,'

9'

Te passenger number in tis station oscillates trougout te day but early morning and e"ening are te t&o busiest time'

:'

Te canges o% car production in Kapan so&s a palpitation %or te second !uarter o% te year'

-'

Te number o% students in debate clubs %luctuated in di%%erent monts as a rapid ups and do&ns could be obser"ed in te last tree monts' Tips!

1' :' > ?>T try to present e"ery single data pr esented in a grap' Gater pick -8 most signi%icant and important trends# canges and so& teir comparisons and contrasts' ,' Te !uestion asks you to &rite a report and summarise te data presented in graps(s)' Tis is &y you need to so& te comparisons contrasts so& te igest and lo&est points and most striking %eatures in your  ans&er not e"ery piece o% data presented in te diagram(s)'

Types o% 2anges# i%%erences and Vocabulary to present tem+ 0reat change / 7uge difference! 3d4ectives

3dverbs

>"er&elming

>"er&elmingly

Substantial

Substantially

Enormous

Enormously

8ig change / 8ig difference! 3d4ectives

3dverbs

Signi%icant

Signi%icantly

2onsiderable

2onsiderably

6edium change / 6oderate difference! 3d4ectives

3dverbs

Some&at

Some&at

Hoderate

Hoderately

6inor change / $mall difference! 3d4ectives

3dverbs

Fractional

Fractionally

Harginal

Harginally

Sligt

Sligtly

ates Honts * Cears related "ocabulary and grammar+ » From 155@ to ,@@@ 2ommencing %rom 156@ et&een 155- and ,@@- A%ter ,@1,' » y 155- In 1556 In February >"er te period uring te period uring ,@11' » In te %irst al% o% te year For te %irst !uarter Te last !uarter o% te year uring te %irst decade' » In te 6@s In te 156@s uring te ne$t 7 monts In te mid8@s ?e$t 1@ years 3re"ious year ?e$t year

et&een 156@ 8 155@' » Witin a time span o% ten years &itin %i"e years' » ?e$t mont ?e$t !uarter ?e$t year 3re"ious mont 3re"ious year' » Since Ten From'

3ercentage 3ortion and ?umbers+ %ercentages!

1@. increase ,- percent decrease increased by 1-. dropped b y 1@ per cent %all at -@. reaced to -. trippled doubled one8%ourt tree !uarters al% double %old treble - times iger 9 timers lo&er declined to about :5. stood e$actly at :9.'

ractions!

:. D A tiny %raction'

,:. D Almost a !uarter'

,-. E$actly a !uarter'

,7. D Gougly one !uarter'

9,. ?early one8tird nearly a tird'

:5. D Around a al% ;ust under a al%'

-@. E$actly a al%'

-1. D Kust o"er a al%'

9. D ?early tree !uarters'

. D Appro$imately tree !uarter more tan tre8!uarter'

5. D Well o"er tree !uarter'

%roportions!

,. D A tiny portion a "ery small proportion'

:. D An insigni%icant minority an insigni%icant proportion'

17. D A small minority a small portion'

@. D A large proportion'

,. D A signi%icant ma;ority A signi%icant proportion'

65. D A "ery large proportion'

Words# 3rases o% Appro$imation 8 Vocabulary+ » Appro$imately » ?early » Gougly » Almost » About » Around » Hore or less » Kust o"er  » Kust under  » Kust around » Kust about » Kust belo& » A little more tan » A little less tan'

Wat criteria a band 5 grap response &ould satis%yO Task 3chievement!  A) Fully satis%ies all te re!uirements o% te task' ) 2learly presents a %ully de"eloped response' Wat &ill be assessed by te e$aminerO a)
+oherence and +ohesion!  A) ses coesion in suc a &ay tat it attracts no attention' ) Skil%ully manages paragraping' Wat &ill be assessed by te e$aminerO a) ?o misinterpretation and presentation o% data and trend' b) "erall clarity and %luency o% your report and message' d)
Tips!

1'

o not incorporate more tan 98: paragraps'

,'

o not use a single paragrap to describe e"eryting'

9'

Te conclusion part is optional' I% you tink tat you a"e already &ritten more tan 1@ &ords and a"e noting to say you can skip te conclusion'

9exical 5esource!  A) ses a &ide range o% "ocabulary &it "ery natural and sopisticated control o% le$ical %eatures' ) Gare minor errors occur only as PslipsQ' Wat &ill be assessed by te e$aminerO a) Te range o% "ocabulary you a"e used in your &riting' b)
Tips! o ?>T use &ords# prases tat are already gi"en in te !uestion' o so only i% tere is no alternati"e

&ord(s)# prase(s) to con"ey te same meaning#idea'

0rammatical 5ange and 3ccuracy!  A) ses a &ide range o% structures &it %ull %le$ibility and accuracy' ) Gare minor errors occur only as PslipsQ'

Tips!

o not use te same sentence structure and data comparison# contrasting style o"er and o"er again' ring a "ariety in your &riting to so& tat you can %ormulate di%%erent sentence structures &itout making any grammatical mistakes'

Cou do not need to &rite do&n e"ery bit o% in%ormation presented in te grap' Gater you are e$pected to &rite te most signi%icant %eatures o% te grap and te igest and lo&est point are t&o signi%icant in%ormation you sould not miss in your &riting' Follo&ing is a list o% use%ul "ocabulary to learn by eart and to use tem in your grap response'

&ocabulary to represent highest and lowest point in graphs!

Type

&erb

(oun

7ighest

peak # culminated # clima$ # reac te peak # it te

a (#te) peak # a (#te) "erte$ # a (#te) "erte$ #

%oint

peak # touc te igest point # reac te "erte$# reac

te igest point# an (#te) ape$

te ape$

9owest %oint

touc te lo&est point # get te lo&est point # reaced

te lo&est point # te lo&est mark # bottommost point # rock bottom point# bottommost mark #

te nadir

nadir

 

 'xample!

1'

Te price o% te oil reaced a peak amounting R,@ in February and again touced te lo&est point amounting only R1@ in Kuly'

,'

Student enrollment in %oreign ni"ersities and 2olleges increased dramatically itting a peak o% o"er ,@ tousand in ,@@:'

9'

Te igest number o% books &as sold in Kuly &ile it &as lo&est in ecember'

:'

Te oil price reaced a pick in ,@@9 &ile it &as lo&est in ,@@7'

-'

Te sell "olume o% te V it a pick &it , million copies sold in a mont but a%ter ;ust tree monts it reaced te bottom &it only ,@ tousand sold in a mont'

&ocabulary to show fluctuations/ups and downs/ rise and fall in &erb forms!

•

8e erratic

•

5ise and fall erratically

•

+hanges sporadically

•

5ise and fall irregularly

•

+hanges ntermittently

Date) month : year related &ocabulary and 0rammatical rules!

•

8etween ..."year/ month#... and ..."year/ month#...

•

rom ..."year/ month/ day/date#... to ..."year/ month/day/date#...

•

n ..."year/ month#...

•

;n ..."day/ day of the week/ a date#...

•

3t ......) n ......) 8y ......

•

During ... "year#...

•

;ver the period/ over the century/ later half of the year / year...

•

;ver the next/ past/ previous ........ days/ weeks/ months/ years/ decades...

%resenting %ercentages!

Cou can present a percentage data in one o% te tree di%%erent &ays' It is suggested tat you use all tese %ormats in your report &riting instead o% repeating te same style to so& perc entages in your &riting'

. D n percentage / in < ' (,@. ,- percentage ten per cent etc') . D n proportion. (t&o out o% %i"e e"ery student out o% tree etc' ) . D n fraction. (one8tird t&o8%i%t a !uarter etc')

&ocabulary to show how many times...

•

'xactly the same.

•

5oughly the same

•

%ractically the same

•

Twice

•

Thrice

•

our times

•

ive times

•

...............

•

Ten times

•

...............

•

7undred times.

&ocabulary to show how much changed...

•

7alved

•

'qualled

•

Doubled

•

Trebled / tripled

•

=uadrupled

•

%entadrupled

•

7exadrupled

•

$eptupled

•

;ctupled

•

(onupled

•

.................

•

+entupled

&ocabulary to represent comparison in graphs!

Type

,ord"s# should be used

$imilar 

about # almost # nearly # rougly # appro$imately # around # ;ust about # "ery nearly #

>ust over 

 ;ust abo"e # ;ust o"er # ;ust bigger # ;ust beyond # ;ust across

>ust short

 ;ust belo& # ;ust beneat # ;ust sort # ;ust under # ;ust a little

6uch more

&ell abo"e # &ell abo"e # &ell beyond # &ell across # &ell o"er 

6uch less

&ell belo& # &ell under # &ell sort # &ell beneat

 'xample!

1'

Te number o% ig8le"el &omen e$ecuti"es is &ell beneat tan te number o% male e$ecuti"es in tis organiation &ere appro$imately ,@@@ people &orks in e$ecuti"e le"els'

,'

About 1@@@ people died in te ig&ay car accident in ,@@9 &ic is &ell abo"e tan te statistics o% all oter years'

9'

Te number o% domestic8"iolence cases &as ;ust belo& -@@ in Harc &ic is ;ust a little o"er tan te pre"ious monts'

:'

Te a"erage rain%all in London in ,@1: &as ;ust abo"e tan te a"erage o% oter t&o cities'

-'

Te salaries o% male e$ecuti"es in tee out o% %our companies &ere &ell abo"e tan te salaries o% %emale e$ecuti"es in 1556'

'xpression to focus on an item in the graph! Use the following expression to focus on an item in t he graph.

 Wit regards to  In te case o% 

 As %or   Turning to  Wen it comes to ''''' it# tey '''''  Were ''' is#are concerned''''''  Gegarding

+ompare and contrast! Useful &ocabulary to make +omparison and +ontrast!

 Similarly In a similar %asion In te same &ay Same as As muc as Hean&ile'  n te contrary on te oter and in contrast'

Hake sure you te appropriate comparati"e and superlati"e %orm o% te &ords &en you make a comparison'
;ne syllable

 Ad;ecti"es &it one syllable %orm teir comparati"es and superlati"es %orm' In your academic &riting task 1 you &ill o%ten use suc comparison and contrast related &ords' cheap  cheaper  cheapest ?? large  larger  largest

??

bright  brighter  brightest  etc'

E$ceptions+ good  better  best ?? bad  worse  worst  etc'

'xamples!

1' Te %ast %ood items in upto&n restaurants &ere comparati"ely ceaper tan tat o% city restaurants' ,' Te largest proportion o% &ater &as used in agriculture sector in most o% te Asian countries &ile te European countries used largest percentage o% &ater %or industrial purposes' 9' Te price o% te book in store A is ceaper tan te price o% store ' :' Te temperature decreased %urter and tat made te &eater condition &orse' -' Te temperature &as better in te mid8April but in mid8Kuly it became &orse'

Two syllables

Some ad;ecti"es &it t&o syllables %orm teir comparati"es and superlati"es+ pretty  prettier  prettiest

??

happy  happier  happiest etc'

'xamples!

1' Te customer &ere appier tan no& according to te sur"ey as te price &as ceaper in 155,' ,' Te o"erall production le"el o% tis company made te autority appier as it &as doubled in te last !uarter o% te year'

ut many %orm teir comparati"es and superlati"es using = more=+ striking  more striking  most striking

??

common  more common   most common ?? clever  more

clever/cleverer  most clever/cleverest  etc'

Three or more syllables

 All ad;ecti"es &it tree or more syllables %orm teir comparati"es and superlati"es using =more= * =most=+ attractive  more attractive  most attractive ?? profitable  more profitable  most profitable ?? expensive more expensive  most expensive.

'xamples!

1' Te price o% te custom made cars &ere more e$pensi"e in ,@1: tan it is no&' ,' Te %actory o%%ered more attracti"e o"ertime rates and tat moti"ated more employees to &ork %or e$tra time'

&ocabulary to present 9inkers!

n te oter and Similarly >n te contrary Hean&ile In contrast y comparison'

&ocabulary to show that something/a trend is similar or the same! Use the following vocabularies if both sub4ects are the same/ identical!

''' Identical to# Identical &it ''' ''' E!ual to &it ''' ''' E$actly te same ''' ''' Te same as ''' ''' 3recisely te same ''' ''' Absolutely te same ''' ''' ;us te same as '''

Use the following vocabularies if both sub4ects are not identical but similar!

''' Almost te same as ''' ''' ?early te same as ''' ''' 3ractically te same as ''' ''' Almost identical# similar ''' ''' About te same as '''

,ay to show that something/a trend is 4ust the reverse/opposite! Te re"erse is te is te case'''

It is !uite te opposite# re"erse'''

5ules of Time %reposition use!

=In= »» se preposition 2in2  &en you talk about years monts decades centuries seasons' 'xample!

CearsD in 1556 in ,@1- etc' HontsD in Kanuary in ecember etc' ecadesD in te nineties in te se"enties etc' 2enturiesD in te 15t century in te 1:t century in te 156@s etc' SeasonsD in summer in &inter in autumn etc' »» se preposition 2in2  to talk about past or %uture' 'xample!

3ast timeD in 156@ in te past in 1,9- in te ice age in te se"enties in te last century etc' Future time D in ,@9@ in te %uture in te ne$t century etc' »» se preposition 2in2  &en you talk about a long period' 'xample!

in te ice age in te industrial age in iron age etc'

=>n= »» se preposition 2on2 &en you talk about days (days o% te &eeks or special days)'

'xample!

ays o% te &eekD on Sunday on Friday on Tuesday' Special daysD on ?e& Cear=s ay on your birtday on Independence day on oliday on &edding day etc' »» se preposition 2on2 &en you talk about dates' 'xample!

on Kuly :t on ,1st Kanuary ,@1- on -t Hay etc' »» se preposition 2on2 &en you talk about times ( like morning # a%ternoon # e"ening # nigt) o% a day' 'xample!

on Friday morning on Saturday a%ternoon on Sunday e"ening on Honday e"ening etc'
in

on

in te morning

on Sunday morning

in te a%ternoon

on Honday a%ternoon

in te e"ening

on Tuesday e"ening

=At= »» se preposition 2at2 &en you need to e$press an e$act time' 'xample!

 At eigt o=clock at 1@+ :- am at t&o p'm at nine o=clock' »» se preposition 2at2 &en you talk about meal times 'xample!

 At break%ast time at lunctime at dinnertime etc' »» se preposition 2at2 &en you talk about &eekend oliday periods or nigt time' 'xample!

 At te &eekend at 2ristmas at Easter at nigt etc' ,ords to make a comparison / contrast!

 A bit # sligtly # a little # only ;ust # appro$imately # about # almost # precisely # !uite # nearly # considerably # a uge # a great deal # !uite a lot # completely # e$actly'''

'xample!

 Tis year population gro&t o% te country is sligtly larger tan te pre"ious year'  Tis year population gro&n is almost t&ice tan ,@@'  Sale o% te company as increased !uite a lot tis yea Using 3ppropriate %repositions!

Cou must use te correct preposition in te IELTS &riting task 1 to get a ig score' e accurate about te uses o% to by o% o%% in on %or  etc' 'xamples!

 3apers are sold by te ream'  >ranges are purcased and sold by te doen'  Students enrollment in te ni"ersity as increased by ,. tis year'  Eggs are counted in doens'  Gice is measured in kg' 
 It started at''' Te sale started at R,@''' It peaked at''' Itr reaced at/to''' It reaced te lo&est point #nadir at''' It increased to 6@ from -6' It decreased from 1@ to 9' Tere &as a drop of  si$ units' It dropped by 9 units' It declined by 1-.' Tere &as a 1@. drop in te ne$t tree years'

ormal and nformal expressions and words! Fe& more in%ormal e$pressions &it teir %ormal "ersions are gi"en belo&' Since IELTS is a %ormal test your &riting sould be %ormal as &ell' sing in%ormal &ords or e$pressions sould be a"oided' Some o% te in%ormal &ords are so %re!uently used tat it &ould be toug %or you to eliminate tem %rom your &riting'
nformal

ormal

0o up

Increase

0o do&n

ecrease

Look at

E$amine

Find about

isco"er  

3oint out

Indicate

?eed to

Ge!uired

0et

>btain

Tink about

2onsider  

Seem

Appear

So&

demonstrate#

 

illustrate Start

2ommence

Beep

Getain

ut


So

Tere%ore#

 

Tus  Also

In addition#  Additionally

In te meantime

In te interim

In te end

Finally

 Any&ay

?ot&itstanding

Lots o%# a lot o%

Huc many

Bids

2ildren

2eap

Ine$pensi"e

Gigt

2orrect

I tink

In my opinion

IELTS Writing Task 1 "ocabulary+ Follo&ing are te "ocabularies %or Academic IELTS Writing Task 1 grouped as ?oun Verb Ad;ecti"e Ad"erb and 3rase to elp you impro"e your "ocabulary and understanding o% te usages o% tese &ile describing a grap'

?oun+

Increase+ 3 growth! Tere &as a gro&t in te earning o% te people o% te city at te end o% te year' 3n increase! et&een te noon and e"ening tere &as an increase o% te temperature o% te coast area and

tis &as probably because o% te a"ailability o% te sunligt at tat time' 3 rise! A rise o% te listener in te morning can be obser"ed %rom te bar grap' 3n improvement! Te data presents tat tere &as an impro"ement o% te tra%%ic condition bet&een 11+@@ am

till 9+@@ pm' 3 progress! Tere &as a progress in te la& and order o% te city during te end o% te last year'

Gapid Increase+ 3 surge! From te presented in%ormation it is clear tat tere &as a surge in te number o% "oters in 155@

compared to te data gi"en %or te pre"ious years ' 3 rapid increase/ a rapid growth/ a rapid improvement!  Tere &as a rapid gro&t in te stock "alue o% te

company A2 during te ecember o% te last year' !.# Follo&ing ad;ecti"es can be used be%ore te abo"e nouns to so& a rapid gro&t# increase o% someting+

Gapid Sudden Steady ?oticeable Hentionable Tremendous uge enormous massi"e "ast gigantic monumental incredible %abulous great etc' !The aove list is the words which are actually adjective and can e used eore nouns to show the ig changes#


?'+ Some o% te &ords to present te igest# top o% someting are gi"en bello&+

 Ape$ pyramid enit acme obelisk clima$ needle spire "erte$ summit to&er most greatest ma$ tops peak eigt cro&n''' 2anges+ 3 fluctuation! Tere &as a %luctuation o% te passenger numbers &o used te rail&ay transportation during

te year ,@@9 to ,@@:' 3 variation! A "ariation on te sopping abit o% teenagers can be obser"ed %rom te data' 3 disparately/ dissimilarity/ an inconsistency!  Te medicine tested among te rabbits so&s an

inconsistency o% te e%%ect it ad'

Steadiness+ $tability! Te data %rom te line grap so& a stability o% te price in te retail market %rom Kanuar y till Kune %or 

te gi"en year' 3 plateau! As is presented in te line grap tere &as a plateau o% te oil price %rom 156- to 155@'

ecrease+ 3 fall!  Tere &as a %all o% te price o% te energy bulbs in ,@1@ &ic &as less tan R-' 3 decline!  A decline occurred a%ter Kune and te production reaced to ,@@#day %or te ne$t tree monts' 3 decrease! A%ter te initial %our years te companyQs sare price increased and tere &as a decrease o% te

loss it &as bearing'

sing =?ouns= and =Verbs= to describe trends in a grap+

irection+

&erbs

(ouns

 Increased (to)

An increase

 Gose (to)

A rise

 2limbed (to)  Went up (to)

An up&ard trend A gro&t

irection+

&erbs

 Surge  oomed (to)

(ouns

A surge A boom # a dramatic increase'

irection+

&erbs

(ouns

 ecreased (to)

A decrease

 eclined (to)

A decline

 Fell (to)  Geduce (to)

A %all A reduction

 ipped (to)  ropped (to)

A drop

 Went do&n (to)

A do&n&ard trend

irection+

&erbs

(ouns

 3lunge  Slumped (to)

A slum # a dramatic %all'

 3lummeted (to)

irection+

&erbs

(ouns

 Gemained stable (at)  Gemained static (at)  Gemained steady (at)  Stayed constant (at)  Le"elled out (at)

A le"el out

 id not canged

?o cange

 Gemained uncanged

?o cange

 Haintained te same le"el  3lateaued (at)

A plateau

irection+

&erbs

(ouns

 Fluctuated (around)

A %luctuation

 >scillated

An oscillation

irection+

&erbs

 3eaked (at)

(ouns

Te peak# ape$# enit# summit# te igest point

irection+

&erbs

(ouns

 ottomed (at)

Te lo&est point# te bottom# bottommost point

Use 2ad4ective/adverb2 to indicate the movement of a trend.

E$amples+ 1' Tere as been a sligt increase in te unemployment rate in 155 at &ic point it stood at 1,.' ,' Te price o% gold dropped rapidly %or te ne$t tree years'

Use 2ad4ective2 to modify the 2(oun2 form of a t rend and use 2adverb2 to modify the 2verb2 form of a trend.

0reater or
E$amples+

1' Te number o% male doctors in tis city &as greater tan te number o% %emale doctors' ,' Te number o% European programmers &o attended te seminar &as %e&er tan te number o% Asian programmers' 9' Te percentage o% male doctors in tis city &as iger tan te percentage o% %emale doctors'

:' uring ,@1@ te in%lo& o% illegal immigrants &as lo&er tan tat o% ,@1,' -' te birt rate in Kapan in ,@1: &as iger tan te birt rate in ,@1-'

Vocabulary to compare to &at e$tent # to (#by) &at degree someting is greater#iger tan te oter' » ;verwhelmingly) $ubstantially) $ignificantly. +onsiderably. » 6oderately) 6arkedly. » 7ardly) 8arely) $lightly) ractionally) 6arginally.

Vocabulary to so& te se!uence+ » $ubsequently) 5espectively) +onsecutively) $equentially. » %revious) (ext) irst) $econd) Third) inally) ormer) 9atter.

Tips+ Te market sares o%
Tis abo"e sentence makes it ambiguous to understand &ic mobile brand ad &at percentage o% market sare' I% tere are more tan , "alues# %igures you sould al&ays use $consecutively se&uentially respectively =' sing eiter o% tese &ords &ould eliminate any doubt about te abo"e sentence as it &ill clearly

state tat te percentages o% market sares mentioned ere &ould matc te mobile brands se!uentially (i'e' %irst one %or te %irst brand te second one %or te second brand and so on')

Te market sares o%
?ote+ Cou do not need to use $consecutively% se&uentially% respectively$ i% tere are only t&o "alues to &rite'

Vocabulary to so& transitions+ Vocabulary to describe di%%erent types o% data#trends in a paragrap &ile so&ing a smoot and accurate transition is !uite important' Follo&ing &ord(s)# prase(s) &ould elp you do so in an e$cellent &ay'''

•

•

Ten  A%ter&ard

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Follo&ing tat

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Follo&ed by

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?e$t

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Subse!uently

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Former 

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Latter 

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 A%ter 

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3re"ious

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3rior to

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Simultaneously

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uring

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Wile

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Finally'

Fe& Hore Vocabularies+ Fe& more use%ul "ocabulary to use in your report &riting+

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Stood at  A marked increase

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Steep

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0radual

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rastic

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ecli"ity

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 Accli"ity

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3re"alent

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3lummet se%ul prases %or describing graps+

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To le"el o%% 

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To reac a plateau

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To it te igest point

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To stay constant

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To %latten out

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To so& some %luctuation

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To it te lo&est point

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2ompared to

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2ompared &it

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Gelati"e to

IELTS Writing Task 1 "ocabulary 3art :+ Cou &ill o%ten need to use =ad;ecti"es= and =ad"erbs= to indicate te speed o% canges in te trend (called =egree o% Speed) in your ans&er' Follo&ing is a list o% "ocabularies tat &ill elp you present te !uick canges !uite e%%ecti"ely'

3d4ectives!

 Gapid uick Sarp S&i%t Sudden Wild'  Steady 0radual Hoderate  Slo& 0entle'

3dverbs!

 Gapidly uickly Sarply S&i%tly Suddenly Wildly'  Steadily 0radually Hoderately  Slo&ly 0ently'  A di%%erent set o% "ocabulary to represent te =egree o% Trend= &ould also be andy to summarise data presented in a grap' ot =ad;ecti"e= and =ad"erb= %orm o% tis "ocabulary list is gi"en belo&' se =ad;ecti"es= to modi%y a =?oun= &ile =ad"erbs= sould be used to modi%y a ="erb='

3d4ectives!

 Signi%icant
 Hinimum (singular) Hinima (plural)

3dverbs!

 Signi%icantly
&ocabulary to describe a 6ap!

» "er Inside eside >n top o% Ad;acent >pposite ?e$t to' » Along Troug As %ar as' » Hidpoint "erlapping' » E$terior' » 3arallel to 3arallel 3erpendicular to' » Edge iagonal' » In %ront o% te eind te' » To te rigt To te le%t' » >n te rigt8and side >n te le%t8and side' » ?ort Sout East West' » ?ortern Soutern Eastern Western' » To te nort To te East''' » Were' » In &ic To &ic From &ic'

» uilt Erected Geplaced' » Situated Located' » 2anged to# 2on"erted# 0a"e &ay to# ecame' » Wile in ,@@1 it &as '''''' later it &as con"erted to ''''''

&ocabulary to describe a %rocess Diagram! n ntroduction!

Te diagram# picture# %lo& cart depicts# illustrates# describes te proces o%# o&''''

,hile Describing the %rocess!

 A) First# Firstly Second# Secondly Tird#Tirdly '''''' ?e$t# A%ter tat# Ten Follo&ing tat#Follo&ed by Subse!uently# Subse!uent to tat Finally# Lastly''' ) Were# From &ere# A%ter &ic# A%ter tat# A%ter&ard''' 2) Wen# As soon as# Immediately Kust a%ter tat''' ) At te beginning In te end Kust a%ter te beginning Kust be%ore te end'''

To denote the end of a step!

 A) A%ter tis step# stage# process''' ) >nce tis stage# step is completed'''

To donate what a $tep involves!

 A) Te pase# step# stage in"ol"ed'''

To denote the repetition of a cycle/ process!

 A) Te cycle# process ten repeat itsel%' ) Te cycle# process is ten repeated'

&ocabulary to describe %redictions! Some graps and diagrams not only list do&n te data tat represent someting %rom te past or te present time but also gi"es a prediction o% te %uture' For instance a line grap migt present te population o% a country %rom 15-@ to ,@-@ o"er a undred years' I% you are taking te IELTS e$am in ,@1 you need to describe te population o% tis country till ,@17 using te past tense' For te population %igure in ,@1 you &ill

use te present tense' Finally te population %rom ,@16 till ,@-@ is a prediction and ence you sould be using te %uture tense &ile describing it in your &riting' Horeo"er you need to use certain "ocabularies to represent suc %uture data# predictions' Follo&ing is a list o% suc "ocabularies to elp you accurately describe any predicted data 888

It is predicted# estimated# pro;ected# %orecasted# e$pected# anticipated tat''''''''' &ill ''''''''''' Is #are predicted# estimated# pro;ected# %orecasted# e$pected# anticipated to '''''''''''' It gi"es prediction# estimation# pro;ection# %orecast o% '''''''''' It '''''' &ill ''''''''' ''''''' Will a"e ''''''' by ''''''' (year#mont#decade)'''''''

&ocabulary to show the value/ ncorporate data/ figure! Cou sould not &rite do&n e"ery piece o% data#%igure tat is gi"en in te diagram in your report &riting and doing so &ould actually urt your band score' Cou are e$pected to mainly so& te %ollo&ing in your report &riting+ 88

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+omparison of data/trend

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+ontrast of data/trend

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6ost significant figures/data/information/ trend "typically @1A#

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The highest point

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The lowest point

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The overall scenario.


pounds is te base %igure'

ollowing is a list of vocabulary to use to show such figures in your report writing!

Is# &as# &ere+ Te percentage o% %oreign students &as e$actly ten in ,@@1 in tis uni"ersity and it rose tree times in ten years'

Stand at# Stood at+  Te percentages o% males and %emales &o opined tat tey sould be allo&ed to get married at ,1stood at 1: and 17 in 155@ but &itnessed a noticeable decline in ,@1@'

E$actly * As ig as+ Te sale in Harc &as e$actly :@@ and &ent up as ig as 11@@ in Kune' sing ()+ In summer te number o% re%rigerators sold (1-:) &as %ar greater tan te re%rigerators sold (79) in &inter'

Wic+ 1' From Kanuary to Harc te deat case rose tree times &ic &as only ,9 bet&een >ctober and ecember' ,' Te temperature &ic &as ,1 degrees 2 in Harc climbed to 95 degrees 2 in mid8Kuly'

Hakes up+ In te %irst decade te population remained steady &ic made up ,'6 million appro$imately but it doubled in te ne$t 9@ years'

2onstitutes+ Te initial e$penditure &ic constituted ,6@ S climbed rapidly and reaced te peak during ,@1:'

 Accounts %or+ 1' In Kune ,@17' te number o% Asian students enrolment in tis uni"ersity accounted %or :- &ic is estimated to be almost double in te ne$t year' ,' Te number o% in%ected people &ic accounts %or nine is markedly lo&er tan te number o% in%ected patients in te last mont &ic accounted %or %orty'

&ocabulary to write the +onclusion part! To dra& te conclusion+ In conclusion # To conclude # >n te &ole' To Summarie+ In sort # In brie%  # To sum up # In summary'


0enerally) 0enerally speaking) 3ll in all) rom the graphs) it is quite evident that. 'xamples!

1' In conclusion tird &orld countries a"e impro"ed teir production sectors like garments o"er te last 1@ years &ereas te %irst &orld countries a"e impro"ed teir tecnology and researc sectors during te same period' ,' In brie% te o"erall sale o% te company as impro"ed in te last - years e$cept ,@@- &en te sale reduced signi%icantly due to retrencment'

9' All in all te process o% building an I2 is a comple$ one and in"ol"es more tan eigt steps to complete including te testing pase'

:' It is !uite e"ident tat te &omen employment progressed remarkably in te last decade and in some employment sectors &omen are &ell aead o% men'

-' To conclude &eater %orecasting is a comple$ process and a great deal o% tecnology is used to prepare and broadcast te reliable &eater %orecasting'

E"erybody uses some common "ocabularies to describe a diagram and to &rite a report' For instance tere &ould be ardly anyone &o does not use te &ords =increase decrease %all iger %luctuate climb decline !uickly increase sarply decrease and tose are really ob"ious &ords used by most o% te IETLS candidates' I% you too use tese o"erused &ords and prases you &ould not be able to gi"e an impression tat your range o% "ocabulary is stronger and ricer tan oters' Tis article Vocabulary For Academic IELTS Writing Task 1 (part -) solely %ocuses on introducing you to a nice set o% &ords and "ocabulary tat you can use in your  Academic IELTS Task 1 to acie"e a ig band score+

 llustration+ can replace 8 diagram cart'  3s the diagrams suggest + can replace 8 As can be seen According to te diagrams'  llustrate+ can replace 8 describe so& present data on'  Trifling + can replace 8 small insigni%icant'  Delineate+ can replace 8 so& present describe'  rom this graph) it is quite evident that + can replace 8 In conclusion In summary In general'  The most possible ground + can replace 8 te most common reason'  'laborate+ can replace 8 describe e$plain'  (adir + can replace 8 te lo&est point'  3pex/ &ertex+ can replace 8 te igest point'  $oared+ can replace 8  sarply increased'  $kyrocketed+ can replace 8  "ery !uickly increased'  rantically+ can replace 8 "ery !uickly "ery rapidly'  $lumped+ can replace 8 !uickly dropped'  %lummeted+ can replace 8 !uickly dropped'  $urged+ can replace 8 &ent up climbed increased'  Deteriorate+ can replace 8 %all'  Dip+ can replace 8 %all decline'  Dive+ can replace 8 %all drop'  0o into free1fall + can replace 8 %all drop decline decrease'  %lummet) plunge) slum + can replace 8 %all drop decline'  Take a nosedive + can replace 8 reduce drop %all decline'  $lide + can replace 8 drop %all'  Decade+ can replace 8 ten years'  %ro4ected+ can replace 8 predicted %orecasted estimated'  ;verwhelmingly+ can replace 8 greatly signi%icantly'  7ardly+ can replace 8 barely merely  3t the onset it is clear + can replace 8 As can be seen %rom te grap'  ndicate+ can replace 8 point out'  3ll in all + can replace 8 In summary in conclusion'  ;btain+ can replace 8 get'  +ommence+ can replace 8 start'  n the interim + can replace 8 in te meantime'  +orrect+ can replace 8 rigt'  nexpensive+ can replace 8 ceap'  Depict+ can replace 8 so&'

 %lateaued+ can replace 8 remained te same'  ;scillate/ &acillate/ %alpipate + can replace 8 %luctuate'  Declivity+ can replace 8 drop %all decrease'  3cclivity+ can replace 8 An up&ard slope an up&ard trend increase'  3 steep fall+ can replace 8 A !uick %all'

&ocabulary to ensure high band score in '9T$ graph writing! ew more useful vocabulary to ensure high band score in '9T$ graph writing! •

3lateau

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ip

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Slum

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Steep

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Substantial

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ramatic

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0radual

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ecline

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 An up&ard trend

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Gespecti"ely

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2onsecuti"ely

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 Ape$

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 Accli"ity

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ecli"ity

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Gemained stable

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3lummet

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3re"alent

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Stood at

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Enumerate

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Gadically

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3ositi"e de"elopment

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Subse!uent

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2ommence

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3lunge