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VMWare interview questions and answers – HA (High Availability) )osted "y Mo!ammed aD' on July 20E 2012 in Hi! Availa"ilityE .nterview questions F 124G0 Views F 2 es&onses What is VMware HA?

As &er VMware -enitionE VMware Hi! Availa"ility (HA# &rovides easy to useE 'ost ee'tive !i! availa"ility +or a&&li'ations runnin in virtual ma'!ines5 .n t!e event o+ server +ailureE ae'ted virtual ma'!ines are automati'ally restarted on ot!er &rodu'tion servers wit! s&are 'a&a'ity Download Now and Complete your End to End P2v Migrations using VMware Arena’s IP2V ADMIN ISO

What is AAM in HA? AAM is t!e 3eato automated availa"ility manaement5 )rior to v$&!ere =51E VMwares HA is a'tually re enineered to wor% wit! VMs wit! t!e !el& o+ 3eatos Automated Availa"ility Manaer (AAM# so+tware5 VMwares venter aent (v&Ka# inter+a'es wit! t!e VMware HA aent w!i'! a'ts as an intermediary to t!e AAM so+tware5 ,rom v$&!ere 650E it uses an aent 'alled ,-MI (,ault -omain Manaer#5 What are pre-requites for HA to work? 15$!ared storae +or t!e VMs runnin in HA 'luster 25ssentials &lusE standardE Advan'edE nter&rise and nter&rise )lus 3 i'ensin <5reate VMHA ena"led luster =5Manaement networ% redundan'y to avoid +requent isolation res&onse in 'ase o+ tem&orary networ% issues (&re+erred not a requirement#

What is maximum number of primary HA hosts in vSphere 4.? MaKimum num"er o+ &rimary HA !ost is 65 VMware HA 'luster '!ooses t!e rst 6 !osts t!at  Loins t!e 'luster as &rimary nodes and all ot!ers !osts are automati'ally sele'ted as se'ondary nodes5 How to see the !ist of "rimary no#es in HA $!uster? View t!e lo le named aam'onutillistnodes5loI under /var/lo/vmware/aam usin t!e "elow 'ommand 'at /var/lo/vmware/aam/aam'onutillistnodes5lo

What is the $omman# to restart %Start%Stop HA a&ent in the 'S( host? servi'e vmware@aam restart servi'e vmware@aam sto& servi'e vmware@aam start Where to !o$ate# HA re!ate# !o&s in $ase of troub!eshootin&? /Var/lo/vmware/aam What the basi$ troub!eshootin& steps in $ase of HA a&ent insta!! fai!e# on hosts in HA $!uster? Below ste&s are are ta%en +rom my "lo &osts  *rou"les!ootin HA 15 !e'% +or some networ% issues 25 !e'% t!e -$ is 'onured &ro&erly <5 !e'% t!e vmware HA aent status in $8 !ost "y usin "elow 'ommands servi'e vmware@aam status

=5 !e'% t!e networ%s are &ro&erly 'onured and named eKa'tly as ot!er !osts in t!e 'luster5 ot!erwiseE you will et t!e "elow errors w!ile installin or re'onurin HA aent5 65 !e'% HA related &orts are o&en in rewall to allow +or t!e 'ommuni'ation

.n'omin &ort: *)/7-) N0=2@N0=6 utoin &ort: *)/7-) 2060@2260 45 ,irst try to restart /sto&/start t!e vmware HA aent on t!e ae'ted !ost usin t!e "elow 'ommands5 .n addition u 'an also try to restart v&Ka and manaement aent in t!e Host5 servi'e vmware@aam restart servi'e vmware@aam sto& servi'e vmware@aam start O5 i!t li'% t!e ae'ted !ost and 'li'% on e'onure +or VMWare HAI to re@install t!e HA aent t!at &arti'ular !ost5 N5 emove t!e ae'ted !ost +rom t!e 'luster5 emovin $8 !ost +rom t!e 'luster will not "e allowed untill t!at !ost is &ut into maintenan'e mode5 G5Alternative solution +or < ste& isE >oto 'luster settins and un'!e'% t!e vmware HA in to turno t!e HA in t!at 'luster and re@ena"le t!e vmware HA to et t!e aent installed5 105 ,or +urt!er trou"les!ootin E review t!e HA los under /Var/lo/vmware/aam dire'tory5 What is the maximum number of hosts per HA $!uster? MaKimum num"er o+ !osts in t!e HA 'luster is <2 What is Host )so!ation? VMware HA !as a me'!anism to dete't a !ost is isolated +rom rest o+ !osts in t!e 'luster5 W!en t!e $8 !ost loses its a"ility to eK'!ane !eart"eat via manaement networ% "etween t!e ot!er !osts in t!e HA 'lusterE t!at $8 !ost will "e 'onsidered as a .solated5

How Host )so!ation is #ete$te#? .n HA 'lusterE $8 !osts uses !eart"eats to 'ommuni'ate amon ot!er !osts in t!e 'luster5By de+aultE Heart"eat will "e sent every 1 se'ond5 .+ a $8 !ost in t!e 'luster didnt re'eived !eart"eat +or +or 1< se'onds +rom any ot!er !osts in t!e 'lusterE *!e !ost 'onsidered it as isolated and !ost will &in t!e 'onured isolation address(de+ault ateway "y de+ault#5 .+ t!e &in +ailsE VMware HA will eKe'ute t!e Host isolation res&onse What are the #i*erent types iso!ation response avai!ab!e in HA?

"ower o*  – All t!e VMs are &owered o E w!en t!e HA dete'ts t!at t!e networ% isolation o''urs Shut #own – All VMs runnin on t!at !ost are s!ut down wit! t!e !el& o+ VMware *oolsE w!en t!e HA dete'ts t!at t!e networ% isolation o''urs5.+ t!e s!utdown via VMWare tools not !a&&ened wit!in 6 minutesE VMs &ower o o&eration will "e eKe'uted5 *!is "e!avior 'an "e '!aned wit! t!e !el& o+ HA advan'ed o&tions5 )lease re+er my )ost on HA Advan'ed 'onuration

+eave powere# on – *!e VMs state remain &owered on or remain un'!anedE w!en t!e HA dete'ts t!at t!e networ% isolation o''urs5 How to a## a##itiona! iso!ation a##ress for re#un#an$y? By de+aultE VMWare HA use to &in de+ault ateway as t!e isolation address i+ it sto&s re'eivin !eart"eat5We 'an add an additional values in 'ase i+ we are usin redundant servi'e 'onsole "ot! "elons to dierent su"net53ets say we 'an add t!e de+ault ateway o+ $1 as rst value and ateway o+ $2 as t!e additional one usin t!e "elow value 15 i!t li'% your HA 'luster 25 >oto to advan'ed o&tions o+ HA

<5 Add t!e line das5isolationaddress1 P 1G2514N5051Q =5 Add t!e line das5isolationaddress2 P 1G2514N5151Q as t!e additional isolation address *o %now more a"out t!e Advan'ed HA &tions What is HA A#mission $ontro!? As &er VMware Availa"ility >uideIE Venter $erver uses admission 'ontrol to ensure t!at suD'ient resour'es are availa"le in a 'luster to &rovide +ailover &rote'tion and to ensure t!at virtual ma'!ine resour'e reservations are res&e'ted5 What are the , types of settin&s avai!ab!e for a#mission $ontro!?

'nab!e: -o not &ower on VMs t!at violate availa"ility 'onstraints isab!e: )ower on VMs t!at violate availa"ility 'onstraints What are the #i*erent types of A#mission $ontro! po!i$y avai!ab!e with VMware HA? *!ere are < dierent ty&es o+ Admission 'ontrol &oli'y availa"le5

Host +ailures 'luster tolerates )er'entae o+ 'luster resour'es reserved as +ail over s&are 'a&a'ity $&e'i+y a +ail over !ost How the Host ai!ures $!uster to!erates a#mission $ontro! po!i$y works?

$ele't t!e maKimum num"er o+ !ost +ailures t!at you 'an aord +or or to uarantee +ail over5 )rior v$&!ere =51E Minimum is 1 and t!e maKimum is =5 .n t!e Host ,ailures 'luster tolerates admission 'ontrol &oli'y E we 'an dene t!e s&e'i' num"er o+ !osts t!at 'an +ail in t!e 'luster and also it ensures t!at t!e suD'ient resour'es remain to +ail over all t!e virtual ma'!ines +rom t!at +ailed !osts to t!e ot!er !osts in 'luster5 VMware Hi! Availa"ility(HA# uses a me'!anism 'alled slots to 'al'ulate "ot! t!e availa"le and required resour'es in t!e 'luster +or a +ailin over virtual ma'!ines +rom a +ailed !ost to ot!er !osts in t!e 'luster5 What is S+/0? As &er VMWares -enitionE A slot is a loi'al re&resentation o+ t!e memory and )7 resour'es t!at satis+y t!e requirements +or any &owered@on virtual ma'!ine in t!e 'luster5I .+ you !ave 'onured reservations at VM levelE .t inRuen'e t!e HA slot 'al'ulation5 Hi!est memory reservation and !i!est )7 reservation o+ t!e VM in your 'luster determines t!e slot siSe +or t!e 'luster5 How the HA S!ots are 1a!$u!ate#? . !ave written a &ost a"out !ow t!e HA slots are 'al'ulated 5 How to 1he$k the HA S!ot information from vSphere 1!ient? li'% on luster $ummary *a" and li'% on Advan'ed untime .n+oI to see t!e t!e detailed HA slots in+ormation5

What is use of Host Monitorin& status in HA $!usterT

3ets ta%e an eKam&leE you are &er+ormin networ% maintenan'e a'tivity on your swit'!es w!i'! 'onne'ts your one o+ t! $8 !ost in HA 'luster5 w!at will !a&&en i+ t!e swit'! 'onne'ted to t!e $8 !ost in HA 'luster is downT .t will not re'eive !eart"eat and also &in to t!e isolation address also +ailed5 soE !ost will t!in% itsel+ as isolated and HA will initiate t!e re"oot o+ virtual ma'!ines on t!e !ost to ot!er !osts in t!e 'luster5 W!y do you need t!is unwanted situation w!ile &er+ormin s'!eduled maintenan'e window5 *o avoid t!e a"ove situation w!en &er+ormin s'!eduled a'tivity w!i'! may 'ause $8 !ost to isolateE remove t!e '!e'% "oK in I na"le Host MonitorinI until you are done wit! t!e networ% maintenan'e a'tivity5 How to Manua!!y #e2ne the HA S!ot si3e? By de+aultE HA slot siSe is determined "y t!e Virtual ma'!ine Hi!est )7 and memory reservation5 .+ no reservation is s&e'ied at t!e VM levelE de+ault slot siSe o+ 264 MHU +or )7 and 0 MB  memory over!ead +or AM will "e ta%en as slot siSe5 We 'an 'ontrol t!e HA slot siSe manually "y usin t!e +ollowin values5 *!ere are = o&tions we 'an 'onure at HA advan'ed o&tions related to slot siSe das5slotMem.nMB – MaKimum Bound value +or HA memory slot siSe das5slot&u.nMHS – MaKimum Bound value +or HA )7 slot $iSe das5vmMemoryMinMB – Minimum Bound value +or HA memory slot siSe das5vm&uMinMHS – Minimum Bound value +or HA )7 slot siSe ,or More HA related Advan'ed o&tionsE )lease re+er my  "lo &ost How the "er$enta&e of $!uster resour$es reserve# as fai!over spare $apa$ity5 a#mission $ontro! po!i$y works?

.n t!e )er'entae o+ 'luster resour'es reserved as +ailover s&are 'a&a'ity admission 'ontrol &oli'yE We 'an dene t!e s&e'i' &er'entae o+ total 'luster resour'es are reserved +or +ailover5.n 'ontrast to t!e Host ,ailures 'luster tolerates admission 'ontrol &oli'yIE . t will not use slots5 .nstead *!is &oli'y 'al'ulates t!e in t!e way "elow 15.t 'al'ulates t!e *otal resour'e requirement +or all )owered@on Virtual Ma'!ines in t!e 'luster  and also 'al'ulates t!e total resour'e availa"le in !ost +or virtual ma'!ines5 25.t 'al'ulates t!e 'urrent )7 and Memory ,ailover 'a&a'ity +or t!e 'a&a'ity5 <5.+ t!e 'urrent )7 and Memory ,ailover 'a&a'ity +or t!e 'luster  'onured +ailover 'a&a'ity (eK 26 X# =5Admission 'ontrol will not allow to &ower on t!e virtual ma'!ine w!i'! violates t!e availa"ility 'onstraints5 How the Spe$ify a fai!over host5 a#mission $ontro! po!i$y works?

.n t!e $&e'i+y a +ailover !ostI admission 'ontrol &oli'yE We 'an dene a s&e'i' !ost as a dedi'ated +ailover !ost5 W!en isolation res&onse is dete'tedE HA attem&ts to restart t!e virtual ma'!ines on t!e s&e'ied +ailover !ost5.n t!is A&&roa'!E dedi'ated +ailover !ist will "e sittin idle wit!out a'tively involvin or not &arti'i&atin in -$ load "alan'in5-$ will not mirate or &ower on &la'ement o+ virtual ma'!ines on t!e dened +ailover !ost5 What is VM Monitorin& status? HA will usually monitors $8 !osts and re"oot t!e virtual ma'!ine in t!e +ailed !osts in t!e ot!er !ost in t!e 'luster in 'ase o+ !ost isolation "ut i need t!e HA to monitors +or Virtual ma'!ine +ailures also5 !ere t!e +eature 'alled VM monitorin status as &art o+ HA settins5VM monitorin restarts t!e virtual ma'!ine i+ t!e vmware tools !eart"eat didnt re'eived wit! t!e s&e'ied time usin Monitorin sensitivity5

.+ you are loo%in +or more VMware interview questions )lease 'li'% .nterview ?uestions5 *!an%s ,or eadinYYY All t!e BestZ

)osted in Hi! Availa"ilityE .nterview questions

Categories $ele't ateory loud om&utin 'om&arisions om&arisions and -ieren'es )7 ADnity -istri"uted swit'! $8 $8 'ommands $8 Version om&arisions $8/$8i and venter 7&rade &at!s $8i $8i6 $8i6 'ommand 3ine e+eren'e esKto& ,ree *ools >eneral ?;A HA $lots Hi! Availa"ility Host )roles .n+ra-o .nterview questions Memory Manaement M$$ etwor%in ,$ oers ; -is'ounts &2v )2V A-M. .$ )at'!in )er+orman'e &owers!ell s'ri&ts )ra'tise Kams )riSe >iveway )rodu't -emos )rodu't eviews -M $e'urity $. sna&s!ots $M) $&lun% $torae $vmotion t'&dum& *ools *o& vBlo Votin *rou"les!ootin 7n'ateoriSed 7&date Manaer VA vA .nstallation $te& By $te& VA)@-A study uide venter 3o .nsi!t venter server vloud Automation enter vloud -ire'tor Veeam Ba'%u& vK&ert vK&ert 201< Video *utorials Virtual Volumes V3A *ain VM *ri'%s VMA vMotion VM*ur"o VMware erti+'ations VMware erti'ations VMware ,* VMware 3a"s VMware $8 VMware $8 .nstallation VMware $8 3a" $etu& VMware )er+orman'e Monitorin VMware tools VMware venter VMware vloud -ire'tor setu& series VMware Wor%station VMworld 201= V$A v$&!ere 6 vs&!ere 651 v$&!ere 656 vs&!ere 656 7&rade series v$&!ere 450 VVls windows N Windows lusterin

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