Vastushastra of ancient India.pdf

Vastushastra Ancient Indian Architecture

By Dr. A.S. Nene [email protected] Retd. Professor of Civil Engineering, VNIT Nagpur India

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Shilpashastra Engineering philosophy of ancient India Sage Bhrugu, composer of Bhrugu Shilpa Samhita,Classified

the

entire

Shastra into, khand (Volumes) -3

Shilpa





















Definition of common terms 1. Shilpa - The word is derived from a root –Sheel samadhau and literally means any thing that pleases your mind. Sage Bhrugu has defined Shilpa as creation of different materials with the help of machines , techniques and arts. 2. Shilpa Shastra - The science related to a particular subject comprising different techniques skills or arts. 3. Shilpa Samhita compilation of rules and –A procedure related to a particular science.





















Three volumes of Shilpashastra

A-Dhatu Khand -Resources Part B-Sadhan Khand -Transportation Part C. Vastu Khand -Habitation Part





















C- Vastu Khand -Habitation Part 7-Vastu Shastra

Habitat

–

8-Prakar Shastra -Forts &Castles 9-Nagar Rachana Shastra

Town Planning

–

Common to all 9











































Vastu ShastraAncient Indian Architecture, includes





















Vastu Shashtra

Origin -in 4000 B.C.-Indus Civilisation is proof Origin -in of it





















base. Vastu Shastra has a scientific base. Vastu Jyotishya is non scientific and

irrelevant in the present era.





















Four Vidyas (Techniques) out of 32

20. Erecting Er ecting Tents –Vaso Vidya





















Eleven Kalas (Skills) out of 64 47. Leather sheets for tentCharmapatbandhan 48. Soil preparation -Mrudkarma 49. Roofing with grass- TruNadyachhan 50. White Washing- ChurNopalep































































Common topics of Vastu Texts





















1-Vasovidya

Tents





















1-Vasovidya

Tents

–







































































































































































































































































Selection of bricks Bricks - Properly fired, sound and free from voids. Roof column should rest on beam or truss. The space between beams should be covered with wooden planks. The plank thickness should be one eighth the width. Roof should be constructed with rafters and tiles.

Roof should be constructed with rafters and tiles.





















Types of partition walls Partition walls are skillfully made of wood, tone or bricks. The tree types of partition walls are, Jalak- Grilled partition Falak - Wooden planks Aistak- Brick wall





















Masonry Bonds By proper interlocking of bricks laying of bricks should be done. Depending upon the position of joints in brick layers, six types of bonds are created. These are, Mallalila Bramaraj Venuparva Pugaparwa Deosandhi Dandka • • • • • •





















Joints of Column Five types of joints for beams are specified. Shatshikha Zashdant Sukarghrana Sakarnakil Vajjrabh





















Types of Roofs Different types of roofs are specified in Mayamat. The roofs may be sloping in 2, 4,6,8,12,16 ways. The roofs may be lotus, Gooseberry, garland or sphere shaped.























Preparation of lime mortar Lime mortar is prepared by mixing lime and sand of three sizes, Karal Muggdi Gulmash The first layer of lime mortar plaster should • • •





















Payment to artisans

During final payment, gifts such as cow, cloths, flag (to engineer) and gold ornaments headgear, food etc. (to carpenter and mason)





















4-Prasadvidya -Palaces





















Texts related to Vasu shastra sh astra 1

AgamapuraN

11 Krushavastushastra

2

Aparajitpruchha

12 Manasaar

3

Aryatatwa

13 Manushyalayachandrika





















Texts related to Vasu shastra s hastra 21

Naradshilpa

31

Shilparatna

22

Naradshilpasamhita

32

Shilparatnakar







































































































1. Site







































































































































































































































































3. Construction techniques There

were

no

time

and

cost

constraints for the construction of heritage

structures.

Indigenous





















Compaction

of

foundation

stratum: stratum:

Durability of the structure depends upon proper compaction of foundation stratum. Well graded materials (cobbles, gravels, sands and clays) were used and properly





















Leveling of various layers:

Very close quality control on levels and verticality

of

surfaces,

was

maintained.

Special tools were developed to check the





















Proper load distribution Structural

loads

were

properly

distributed with series of columns and beams. Roofs were prepared by proper interlocking

of

building

elements











































1. Brick temple at Sirpur M.P. (7th century A.D., 595-625 A.D.)





















First discovered in 1872 by Lord Cunningham, the Lakshmana temple .This brick temple and represents the beginnings of temple architecture in ancient India.





















The magnificent temple is the east facing and this brick temple stands on a high





















This temple is among the best examples of brick temples of ancient India. A museum at the site

is maintained to preserve the

collected materials.





















2. Kalaram Rock temple























The

city

of

Nasik

has

a

unique









































B. Mud flooring. flooring.



















































































































Vastushastra of ancient India.pdf

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