IJSRD - International Journal for Scientific Research Research & Development| Vol. 4, Issue Issue 03, 2016 | ISSN (online): 2321-0613
Utilization of Polanga Oil for Biodiesel Production and Analysis of Physio-Chemical Properties Sunil Dhingra Assistant Professor Department of Mechanical Engineering UIET, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India-136118 — The present work deals with the utilization of Abstract polanga oil for the production of biodiesel through transesterification. The physio-chemical properties are also predicted from the standard measuring instruments. It has been observed that all the properties of polanga biodiesel lie within the desirable range of ASTM standards. Key words: Polanga Biodiesel, Magnetic Stirrer, TransEsterification, Properties I. I NTRODUCTION NTRODUCTION The alternate fuels used in compression ignition engines are biodiesel blends of diesel in certain amount. Various researchers (Alcantara et al., 2000; 2000; Fukuda et al., 2001; Demirbas, 2005; Dhingra et al., 2013a; Dhingra et al., 2013b; Dhingra et al., 2014a; Dhingra et al., 2014b; Dhingra et al., 2014c; Dhingra et al., 2014d; Dhingra et al., 2016a; Dhingra et al., 2016b) have worked on the production of biodiesel by using stirrer, water bath etc. Hence biodiesel is considered to be best alternative to diesel in terms of reduced emission contents. The current work is also an attempt to produce the polanga biodiesel through transesterification process. Furthermore, the various physical and chemical properties are also presented in order to check the quality of polanga biodiesel
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Specifications Values/Range Maximum stirring volume 0-2000 ml Stirring speed range 0-1250 rpm Top plate size 135 mm×135 mm Panel material Steel Temperature Rt. to 100 ◦ C Accuracy ±1 ◦C Stirring bar's dimensions 30 (L)×Dia.7mm Power requirements 220 VAC/50Hz Dimensions 230×180×120 Weight 2.7 kg Table 1: Specifications of magnetic stirrer
II. METHODOLOGY FOR BIODIESEL PRODUCTION AND QUALITY ANALYSIS
A magnetic stirrer as shown in left of figure 1 has been used for the production of polanga biodiesel. The specifications of the magnetic stirrer are mentioned in table 1. The magnetic stirrer uses a rotating magnetic field to cause a magnetic capsule (or stir bar) immersed in a solution to spin at high speed, thus stirring the solution. A digital tachometer was used to measure rpm of the stirrer. The magnetic capsules are usually Teflon coated to prevent contamination of the solution. The magnetic capsule is also shown in right side of figure 1.
Fig. 1: Magnetic stirrer and capsule used for polanga biodiesel production
Fig. 2: Water bath Polanga biodiesel was produced by transesterification process using a magnetic stirrer. Initially ethanol and catalyst (KOH) were properly mixed in a reaction vessel using magnetic stirrer. Polanga oil and mixture of ethanol & KOH were charged into another vessel and were mixed using the same magnetic stirrer. The time period of mixing of oil-ethanol-KOH sol ution was noted as mixing time. A digital stop watch was used to measure the time. The oil-ethanol-KOH solution was then placed in a water bath at a particular temperature till two layers of biodiesel and glycerol were formed. The water bath temperature was controlled with the help of a 1500watt electric heater. The condenser space was provided in the water bath to evaporate ethanol left during the reaction. The water bath used is shown in figure 2. The reaction products polanga biodiesel and glycerol were finally separated using separating funnel. The time of separation is called settling time. Settling time added to mixing time gives the reaction time. Table 2 shows the various physio-chemical properties of polanga oil and its biodiesel. The quality of produced biodiesel has been checked by comparing the
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Utilization of Polanga Oil for Biodiesel Production and Analysis of Physio-Chemical Properties (IJSRD/Vol. 4/Issue 03/2016/54 03/2016/546) 6)
properties with high speed diesel and ASTM standards of range of ASTM standards which shows good quality of fuel biodiesel. It is observed that all the properties are in the produced. Polanga Standards Property HSD Oil Biodiesel ASTM (6751- 02) 2 Kinematic viscosity (mm /s) 71.98 4.85 2.60 1.9 - 6.0 Calorific value (kJ/kg) 39.25 39.5 42000 39000 – 43000 43000 Cetane number 45 49 50 47 Density (kg/m3) 960 875 850 850 – 879 879 ° Cloud point ( C) 6 11.4 8.5 5-12 ° Pour point ( C) 15 4.5 4 3-5 Flash Point ( °C) 221 150 68 130 Specific gravity 0.896 0.81 0.90 0.85 - 0.94 Iodine value 62 90 85 – 115 115 Saponification value 195 181 180 – 185 185 Moisture content (wt. %) 1.6 0.02 0.05 % max. Table 2: Comparison chart of polanga oil and its produced biodiesel with high speed diesel and American standards of biodiesel genetic algorithm. Journal of Renewable and III. CONCLUSION Sustainable Energy, 8, 013103,, 013103 DOI:10.1063/1.4939513. The successful conversion of polanga oil to biodiesel is [8] Dhingra, S., Bhushan G., & Dubey, K. K. (2016b). achieved through trans-esterification by using ethanol and Validation and enhancement of waste cooking KOH as ingredients. Table 2 shows the high quality of sunflower oil based biodiesel production by the trans polanga biodiesel due to closer properties to high speed esterification process. Energy Sources, part A, 38(10), diesel and ASTM standards. 1448-1454. [9] Dhingra, S., Dubey, K. K., & Bhushan, G. (2014c). A R EFERENCES EFERENCES Polymath Approach for the Prediction of Optimized [1] Alcantara, R., Amores, J., Canoira, L., Fidalgo, E., Transesterification Process Variables of Polanga Franco, M. J., & Navarro, A. (2000). Catalytic Biodiesel. Journal of the American oil Chemist’s production of biodiesel from soy-bean oil, used frying Society, 91(4), 641-653 oil and tallow. Biomass and Bioenergy, 18(6), 515-527. [10] Dhingra, S., Dubey, K. K., & Bhushan, G. (2014d). [2] Demirbas, A. (2005). Biodiesel production from Enhancement in Jatropha-based biodiesel yield by vegetable oils via catalytic and non-catalytic process optimization using design of experiment supercritical methanol transesterification methods. approach. International Journal of Sustainable Energy, Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, 31(5 – 6), 6), 33 (4), 842-853. 466-487. [11] Fukuda, H., Kondo, A., & Noda, H. (2001). Biodiesel [3] Dhingra, S., Bhushan G., & Dubey, K. K. (2013a). fuel production by transesterification of oils. Journal of Development of a combined approach for improvement Bioscience and Bioengineering, 92(5), 405-416. and optimization of karanja biodiesel using response surface methodology and genetic algorithm. Frontiers in Energy, 7(5), 495 – 505 505 [4] Dhingra, S., Bhushan G., & Dubey, K. K. (2013b). Performance and emission parameters optimization of mahua (madhuca indica) based biodiesel in direct injection diesel engine using response surface methodology. Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy, 5, 063117, DOI: 10.1063/1.4840155. [5] Dhingra, S., Bhushan G., & Dubey, K. K. (2014a). Understanding the interactions and evaluation of process factors for biodiesel production from waste cooking cottonseed oil by design of experiments through statistical approach. Frontiers in Energy (in press). [6] Dhingra, S., Bhushan G., & Dubey, K. K. (2014b). Multi-objective optimization of combustion, performance and emission parameters in a jatropha biodiesel engine using Non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-II. Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering,9(1), 81-94 [7] Dhingra, S., Bhushan G., & Dubey, K. K. (2016a). Comparative performance analysis of jatropha, karanja, mahua and polanga based biodiesel engine using hubrid
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