_snjb @sp dfr tao Gnssfhutnfj fd Cfrix nj Ritor tf Gotorenjo; ∄B½, ∄A½ ijg ∄\½ Tihojtnj _zujfv (iutafr), Wfe (hic pirtjor) ijg Aijs (hic pirtjor). ]\_ NG#; >479==<22 LAE 33>A, Hic 34>, \ucenttog; 7/99/97
IC\WSILW
Wao toeporituro gopojgojts fd sfhucnhnty wis njvostnbitog is i eoijs fd oxphfrnjb tao rohitnfjsanp cotwooj @ sp sp ijg taorefgyjienl stito prfportnos fd tao systoe, Bncc„s Ojorby, Ojtaihpy ijg Ojtrfpy, dfr tao gnssfhutnfj fd Cfrix nj witor (Ji 3PC7F?(FA)7U²1A3F). Wao @ sp sp vihuos dfr dnvo cfrix sfhutnfjs it virynjb toeporituros woro gotorenjog cy tntritnjb =.? E ALh ijg pordfrenjb sucsoquojt quijtntitnvo ijihysns fj rosuhts. Drfe tao oxporneojtih giti tao ojtaihpy ijg ojtrfpy dfr tao gnssfhutnfj fd cfrix woro rospoltnvohy gotorenjog tf co 9<< `K/efh ijg <>4 K/efh∞@, K/efh∞@, wnta 3=.>% ijg 7.39% porlojt gnddorojlo drfe illoptog hntorituro vihuos. Wao pfsntnvo Bnccs ojorbnos fctinjog drfe tao oxporneojtih rosuhts woro nj lfjdhnlt wnta oxpoltitnfj ijg oxporneojtih fcsorvitnfj.
OQ]OSNEOJWIH
I situritog stfl` sfhutnfj fd cfrix (\fgnue totricfrito goliaygrito) wis propirog cy gnssfhvnjb 7.1= b fd cfrix nj 1= eH fd gnstnhhog witor. Wao gnssfhutnfj fd cfrix ns goslrncog cy tao laoenlih oquitnfj; +
Ji3PC7F?(FA)7² 1A3FU (s) ↓ 3 Ji 3 Ji
(iq) +
3-
PC7F?(FA)7U
POqj 9U
(iq)
_snjb i toeporituro prfco lfjjoltog tf i lfeputor rujjnjb Hfbbor prf sfdtwiro, tao toeporituro fd tao stfl` sfhutnfj wis efjntfrog is nt wis rinsog tf 7= ½L, ijg sucsoquojthy einjtinjog it tans toeporituro usnjb i witor cita fvor i aft phito. Idtor ihh cfrix ns gnssfhvog, tao sfhutnfj wis ihhfwog tf sottho (wanho toeporituro roeinjs lfjstijt) codfro ? eH iro griw usnjb i lihncritog pnpotto, ijg gnhutog wnta 9= eH gnstnhhog witor. Wf tao rosuhtnjb sfhutnfj, dnvo grfps fd Eotayh Sog njgnlitfr woro iggog, codfro tntritnjb wnta =.? E ALh. Wao ojg pfnjt fd tao tntritnfj ns snbjihog cy tao laijbo nj lfhfr fd tao gnhuto cfrix sfhutnfj drfe yohhfw tf pnj`. Wao prfloguro wis ropoitog dfr sfhutnfjs it 7? ½L, ?= ½L, ?? ½L ijg 4= ½L. Wicho 9- Oxporneojtih rosuhts drfe tntritnfj fd ?eH cfrix sfhutnfj ijg aygrflahfrnl ilng
Wntritnfj
\fhutnfj Woep (@)
Wrnih 9 (eH)
Wrnih 3 (eH)
Ivb (eH)
<9< <91 <3< <31 <<<
7.<= 7.3= 4.2= >.>= 9=.4
7.?= 7.<= 2.9= ∓∓ 9=.9
7.7= 7.3? 4.>= >.>= 9=.7
ALh (E)
Tfhueo fd Cfrix (H)
Cfrix (E)
=.==33= =.==39< =.==<7? =.==7>? =.==?9>
=.==? =.==? =.==? =.==? =.==?
=.33= =.39< =.<7? =.7>? =.?9>
SO\_HW\
Wicho 3- @ sp sp ijg taorefgyjienl stito vihuos dfr cfrix nj iq uofus sfhutnfj fvor i toeporituro rijbo fd 7= ½L tf 4= ½L
Woep ( ½L )
Efhir \fhucnhnty fd Cfrix (E)
7=
=.33=
7?
=.39<
?=
=.<7?
??
=.7>?
4=
=.?9>
@sp
∄B½ (`K/efh)
∄A½ (`K/efh)
∄\½ (K/efh∞@)
=.=734 =.=<1< =.947 =.71? =.??1
>.=> 2.=7 ?.=4 <.=1 9.=>
9<<
<>4
9/W (@) =.==3>? =
=.==<
=.==<=?
=.==<9
=.==<9?
=.==<3
=.==<3?
-=.? -9 -9.? )
] \
@ ( J H
-3 -3.? -< -<.? -7
Dnburo 9- Dnburo safws tao laijbo nj hj(@ sp ) wnta rospolt tf 9/W. Hnjo fd cost dnt ns efgohog cy tao oquitnfj d(x) 5 -94====.
Wao efhir sfhucnhnty wis gotorenjog cy usnjb tao tntritnfj o jgpfnjt tf lihluhito tao iefujt nj efhos, fd cfrito nfj prosojt nj oila sfhutnfj. Wao o jg-pfnjt njgnlitos waoj ihh cfrito nfjs nj sfhutnfj iro lfjsueog cy tao iggog ilng, tf dfre cfrnl ilng, goslrncog cy tao jot nfjnl oquitnfj dfr tao joutrihnzitnfj roiltnfj fd tao cfrito nfj. 3-
PC7F?(FA)7U
(iq) +
+
< A3F (h ) + 3 A
(iq) ↓
7 A
PSxj 3U
Wao @sp vihuos woro gotorenjog drfe tao stfnlanfeotry fd tao gnssfhutnfj fd cfrix nj witor PSxj 9U ijg tao oqunhncrnue nfj prfgult oxprossnfj POqj 3U; 3
3-
@ sp sp ( Ji3PC7F?(FA)7U²1A3F) 5 PJi+U PC7F?(FA)7 U
POqj 3U
tf gornvo ij oxprossnfj cotwooj efhir sfhucnhnty ijg @sp POqj
@ sp sp 5 7\
POqj
Raoro \ ns tao efhir sfhucnhnty, wanla ns oqunvihojt tf tao cfrito lfjlojtritnfj gotorenjog drfe tao tntritnfj rosuhts. Wao stito ojtaihpy ijg ojtrfpy woro gotorenjog cy phfttnjb Hj(@sp) wnta rospolt tf 9/W (Dnburo 9). Wao hnjoir rohitnfjsanp efgohog cy tao hnjo f d cost dnt lfrrospfjgs tf tao oxprossnfj;
()
POqj 7U
Raoro tao ojtaihpy ns wis gornvog drfe tao shfpo fd tao hnjo ijg tao ojtrfpy wis gotorenjog drfe t ao lfrrospfjgnjb y-njtorlopt tore, euhtnphnog cy tao ngoih bis lfjstijt (1.<97 K/efh∞@). K/efh∞@) . Dnjihhy tao Bnccs droo ojorby df r tao gnssfhutnfj roiltnfj wis lihluhitog usnjb tao ojtaihpy ijg ojtrfpy vihuos gotorenjog ijg Bncc„s Droo Ojorby oxprossnfj;
POqj ?U
GN\L_\\NFJ
Wao slfpo fd tao lurrojt oxporneojt wis tf njvostnbito tao oddolts fd toeporituro fj sfhucnhnty (@sp), ijg afw tao oddolts fcsorvog lij l ij co oxphinjog nj tores fd tao taorefgyjienl stito prfportnos fd tao systoe; systoe; Bncc„s Ojorby (∄B½), Ojtaihpy (∄A½) ijg Ojtrfpy (∄ (∄\½). Wf goefjstrito tao gosnrog rohitnfjsanp goslrncog nj POqj 7U, dnvo situritog cfrix sfhutnfjs woro propirog it gnddorojt toeporituros ijg tao efhir sfhucnhnty fd tao cfrix wis gotorenjog dfr oila . Wans roiltnfj ns oxporneojtihhy lfjvojnojt, is tao cfrito nfj dfreog nj sfhutnfj ns i wo i` ciso, ijg nts lfjlojtritnfj lfuhg co oisnhy gotore njog cy ilngciso tntritnfj. Wao oxtojt fd sfhucnhnty fd i siht wis quijtntitnvohy oxprossog cy tao nfj prfgult lfjstijt vihuo, `jfwj is @sp, wanla ns gopojgojt fj tao efhir sfhucnhnty, tao quijtnty fd siht tait gnssfhvog por vfhueo fd sfhvojt, ijg tao stfnlanfeotry fd tao gnssfhutnfj oxprossnfj. Wao rosuhts drfe t ao oxporneojt safw tait is tao toeporituro fd tao sfhutnfjs njlroisog sf gng tao efhir sfhucnhnty ijg @sp fd tao cfrix. Wf ujgorstijg way tao sfhucnhnty fd tao cfrix njlroisos wnta tao toeporituro tao Bnccs droo ojorby fd tao systoe aig tf co gotorenjog, wanla njgnlitos tao spfjtijonty fd tao prfloss. Wf goto renjo tao Bnccs Ojorby tao laijbo nj ojtaihpy o jtaihpy ijg ojtrfpy fd tao gnssfhutnfj prfloss aig tf co ostichnsaog dnrst. Wao ∄A½ ijg ∄\½ dfr tao gnssfhutnfj fd cfrix nj witor wo ro gornvog drfe tao hnjoir rohitnfjsanp cotwooj hj(@sp) ijg tao njvorso icsfhuto toeporituros (Dnburo 9 ). Wao laijbo nj ojtaihpy ijg laijbo nj ojtrfpy woro rospoltnvohy lihluhitog it 9<< `K/efh, i 3=.>% gnddorojlo drfe hntorituro vihuo (99= `K/efh P9U) ijg <>4 K/efh∞@, wnta i 7.39% porlojt gnddorojlo (<1= K/efh∞@ K/efh∞@ P9U). Wao ojtaihpy laijbo eoisurog njgnlitos tait tao gnssfhutnfj fd cfrix wis ij ojgftaorenl prfloss, taorocy icsfrcnjb taoreih ojorby drfe tao surrfujgnjbs tf grnvo tao gnssfhutnfj prfloss. Wao Bnccs ojorby gotorenjog dfre tao ojtaihpy ijg ojtrfpy it tao bnvoj toeporituros subbost tait tao gnssfhutnfj prfloss wis jft spfjtijofus. \ula i rosuht lfjdhnlts wnta oxpoltitnfj ijg o xporneojtih fcsorvitnfj. I hn`ohy oxphijitnfj dfr tao orrfjofus rosuhts wis cohnovog tf co guo tf tao hirbo orrfr nj
tao ojtaihpy laijbo vihuo fctinjog. Coliuso tao ojtaihpy laijbo gotorenjog wis anbahy gopojgojt fj tao oxporneojtih illurily fd tao @sp vihuos gotorenjog, njillurily nj eoisuroeojts wfuhg aivo prfpibito njtf tao sucsoquojt lihluhitnfjs ijg ijihysns. Wao hn`ohy sfurlo fd tao or rfr wis spoluhitog tf co guo tf tao efhir sfhucnhnty„s sf hucnhnty„s gotorenjog. Wicho 3 safws tait efhir sfhucnhnty„s fd tao cfrix golroisog cotwooj 7= ½L ijg 7? ½L, tans wis lhoirhy ij orrfr. Nd i vihuo dfr ojtaihpy lhfsor tf tao hntorituro vihuo wis gotorenjog, tao rosuhts wfuhg eitla oxpol titnfjs ijg fcsorvitnfj, durtaor subbostnjb tait tao orrfr nj tao B nccs ojorby lihluhitog wis i rosuht fd tao ojtaihpy ijg fvorihh oxporneojtih njillurily. Duturo oxporneojts lfuhg fvorlfeo sula orrfrs cy pordfrenjb hirbor juecor fd trnihs por tntritnfj, wanla wnhh rogulo rijgfe orrfr, ijg o rrfjofus eoisuroeojts.
LNWIWNFJ\
P9U - Gotorenjitnfj fd Waorefgyjienl Tihuos (Larfeitfbripay ijg \pol trfslfpy) attp;//njtorlaoejot.ue.einjo.ogu/giti/hics/CfrixV14>2.ate
