Urban Revitalization

ALEX EVANGELISTA Architect Sr. Lecturer University of the Philippines College of Architecture

URBAN REVITALIZATION

URBAN REVITALIZATION URBAN RENEWAL REGENERATION REDEVELOPMENT Fontana’s Fontana ’s Plan for Rome (1585-90)

St. Peter’s Square in Rome

URBAN REVITALIZATION URBAN RENEWAL REGENERATION REDEVELOPMENT Fontana’s Fontana ’s Plan for Rome (1585-90)

St. Peter’s Square in Rome

REBUILDING ROME

Renaissance: Rome’s uncontrolled growth growth resulted in problems of circulation, defense, water, water, & sanitation. - Rome was also becoming a pilgrimage site of the Christian faith. - To connect the pilgrimage sites, Pope Sixtus V commissioned commis sioned Architect Domenico Fontana to prepare a street plan.

REBUILDING ROME

Piazza del Popolo

- street plan that would make the pedestrian movement of Christians between Churches more efficient. - marking special sites & shrines with obelisks from the Roman Empire. New streets not only connected hubs but the streets also had visual accents.

Vatican

REBUILDING ROME

street plan that would make the pedestrian movement of Christians between Churches more efficient. -

marking special sites & shrines with obelisks from the Roman Empire. New streets not only connected hubs but the streets also had visual accents. -

REBUILDING ROME

REBUILDING ROME

Fontana established a framework (master plan) for Rome s growth and development. 

The framework allowed future Popes to undertake their own infrastructure projects.

REBUILDING ROME

One of the Obelisks of Augustus was installed in front of Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore by Fontana in 1587. The Macuteo Obelisk was moved in front of the Pantheon by Pope Clement XI In 1711.

REBUILDING ROME

The Obelisk of Thotmes IV was installed 1588 at Piazza di San Giovanni Laterano.

At the top of the hill at Piazza di Espagna is the Trinita dei Monti Church. The Obelisk in front of it was installed in 1789 by Pope Pius VI.

REBUILDING ROME The Obelisk of Domitian was transferred to Piazza Navona in 1649 and inserted into the fountain designed by Bernini

REBUILDING ROME Piazza Navona’s 3 Fountains

Bernini and della Porta s Fountain of the Moor (1575) 

Bernini’s Fountain of the Four Rivers (1651) Giacomo della Porta’s Fountain of Neptune (1574)

Piazza del Popolo

Piazza de Spagna Castle of St. Angelo

The Vatican

Piazza Navona

Pantheon

Basilica de Sta. Maria Maggiore

Campidoglio Forum

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REBUILDING PARIS Haussmann's renovation of Paris was a vast public works program between 1853 and 1870. It included: - demolition of crowded and unhealthy neighborhoods - Building of wide avenues, parks, and squares - Annexation of suburbs - Construction of new sewers, fountains, and aqueducts


REBUILDING PARIS Haussmann's renovation of Paris was a vast public works program between 1853 and 1870. It included: - demolition of crowded and unhealthy neighborhoods - Building of wide avenues, parks, and squares - Annexation of suburbs - Construction of new sewers, fountains, and aqueducts Avenue de l’Opéra.





REBUILDING PARIS His plan served as inspiration for the CITY BEAUTIFUL MOVEMENT

URBAN RENEWAL IN THE 20TH CENTURY

In the 20th century Urban Renewal became a strategy for improving the degrading condition of old urban centers (e.g., harbor areas, industrial districts) 

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Pittsburgh was driven by the steel industry, and was an industrial city until the 1950s. Pittsburgh improved the river environment

URBAN RENEWAL INVOLVES: Slum Upgrading – Relocation of People Demolition of old structures and building of new ones. Relocation of economic activities Eminent Domain

The Urban Renewal Project – the BIG DIG – in Boston, Massachusetts prioritized

URBAN REVITALIZATION STRATEGIES REMOVAL OF INFRASTRUCTURE

CREATING COMMUNITY SPACES

ENCOURAGING PEDESTRIAN MOVEMENT

RECOVERING NATURE

THROUGH LANDSCAPING

SOCIAL INTERACTION

RECOVERING NATURE CHEONGGY ECHEON, SEOUL, KOREA Recovering a Forgotten Stream In the 1950s, migrants occupied the banks of the CHEONGGYECHEON stream By 1958, the city started to cover the stream. Paving of Cheonggyecheon started in the 1960s In 1976, a 5.6 kilometer and 16.0 meter wide elevated

REMOVAL OF INFRASTRUCTURE

CHEONGGY ECHEON, SEOUL, KOREA Recovering a Forgotten Stream In July 2003, Seoul Mayor Lee Myung Bak started the removal of the elevated highway and the revival of the 8.5 kilometer stream. Cheonggyecheon was opened to the public in Sept. 2005, bringing together the north and south sides of the

CHEONGGY ECHEON, SEOUL, KOREA Recovering a Forgotten Stream The project achieved heritage restoration, community development, improvement of water quality and overall improvement of the environment, reduced vehicular traffic, and improved the urban economy. Mayor Lee Myung Bak became the President of

CREATING COMMUNITY SPACES THROUGH LANDSCAPING - SIDEWALKS

Pedestrian Movement brings communities together

Plants improve walking environment

Trellis as a shading device over sidewalks


Pedestrian Movement brings communities together

Plants improve walking environment

Trellis as a shading device over sidewalks

Green walls improve appearance and helps reduce


MURALS / ART WALL vs GREEN WALL

CREATING COMMUNITY SPACES THROUGH LANDSCAPING - PARKS MFO PARK, OERLIKON DISTRICT, ZURICH, SWITZERLAND By Burckhardt + Partner and Raderschall Landschaftsarchitekten AG

1st Prize in Design Competition for a Park Inaugurated in 2002 Design was similarly scaled as the building it replaced and those around it. 100 meters long, 25meters





SOCIAL INTERACTION STROGET, COPENHAGEN, DENMARK Creating a pleasant and safe walking environment Diversity of Activities

In the 1960s, motor vehicles were increasing and creating traffic congestion in Copenhagen s main shopping district. 

The city decided to close Stroget to automobiles in

ENCOURAGING PEDESTRIAN MOVEMENT

STROGET (3.2 kms.), COPENHAGEN

Stroget, 1935 Stroget, 1961

• Creating a pleasant and safe walking environment • Diversity of Activities

STROGET, COPENHAGEN, DENMARK • Diver Diversity sity of Activities

Chalk and Pastel Pastel Artists Artists

PERFORMERS

STROGET, COPENHAGEN, DENMARK • Permeability • Sustained Activity

PUBLIC ART IN URBAN DESIGN

PUBLIC ART Refers to works of art in any media that have been planned and executed with the specific intention of being sited or staged in the physical public domain, usually outdoors and accessible to all.


PUBLIC ART Public art is often constructed of durable and low-maintenance materials to avoid the worst worst effects effects of the elements and vandalism.

Public art sometimes has implications of site specificity,, community specificity involvement involvem ent and collaboration…


INTERACTIVE PUBLIC ART


INTERACTIVE PUBLIC ART


FINANCING PUBLIC ART Public art is usually installed with the authorization and collaboration of the government or company that owns or administers the space. Some local governments encourage the creation of public art through policy.

PUBLIC ART

Robert Indiana s LOVE Sculpture 

Art piece exhibited in a Public Space marks the place where it is displayed (site specificity).

PUBLIC ART Arturo Modica s Charging Bull Sculpture in Wall Street. (NY Stock Exchange) 

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The BULL is used as a symbol for an upbeat (bullish) stock market.

MMDA ART


BENEFITS: • Improves the environment • Boosts the local economy • Revitalizes the Community NEGATIVE EFFECTS: Gentrification improving the physical setup and consequently affecting the market for previously run-down areas


BENEFITS: • Improves the environment • Boosts the local economy • Revitalizes the Community NEGATIVE EFFECTS: Gentrification Today Urban Renewal is less about demolition and relocation of the community. 

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More cities have adopted a policy of renovation and infusing new investments.

Makati City’s Barangays

SPURs Special Precincts for Urban Redevelopment Many areas in the periphery of the Makati CBD, BGC and other PUDs are in need of upgrade. •

These neighborhoods have the potential to tap the value of their property and their proximity to big business and commerce. •

Makati City will need additional areas for support services, start-up businesses, creative arts and design studios, knowledge-based •

SPUR as a strategy, can serve the need for

SPURs can revitalize decaying

SPURs can provide employment and

Measuring Responsiveness of Traditional and Modern Urban Developments Barangay Poblacion & Rockwell Center, Makati City

IUSAM 2011

Prof. Alex Ray P. Evangelista

MAKATI CITY

MAKATI CITY

BARANGAY POBLACION STUDY AREA

ROCKWELL CENTER

BARANGAY POBLACION

ROCKWELL CENTER

BARANGAY POBLACION

ROCKWELL CENTER

BARANGAY POBLACION

ROCKWELL CENTER

BARANGAY POBLACION

ROCKWELL CENTER

Authored by Ian Bentley et al “The built environment should be able to provide users with a democratic setting, enhancing the degree of choices that are available to them” Once this is achieved the places are

METHODOLOGY Survey of 84 respondents Point system: ranking each of the two study areas on a scale of 1-3 based on the seven levels of RESPONSIVE ENVIRONMENTS Tally of total points to determine which is more RESPONSIVE

PERMEABILITY: will affect where people can and can not go

Factors to consider: Number and quality of entry / exit points Number and size of blocks Circulation patterns Modes of accessibility / transportation Public and private interface

PERMEABILITY

BARANGAY POBLACION

ROCKWELL CENTER

Quality / Level Permeability Variety Legibility Robustness Visual appropriateness

Richness Personalization TOTAL

Barangay Poblacion

3

Rockwell Center

1

VARIETY: affects the range of uses that is available to people

Factors to consider: Variety of forms Variety of uses Variety of meanings Variety of users

BARANGAY POBLACION

ROCKWELL CENTER



Barangay Poblacion

Rockwell Center

3

1

3

2

LEGIBILITY: Affects how easily people will understand what opportunities the development will offer them

Factors to consider: 5 Elements of the City Legibility of forms Activity patterns

BARANGAY POBLACION

ROCKWELL CENTER

J.P. Rizal Avenue

Rockwell Drive – Kalayaan Ave.

BARANGAY POBLACION

ROCKWELL CENTER

BARANGAY POBLACION

ROCKWELL CENTER



Barangay Poblacion

Rockwell Center

3

1

3

2

1

2

ROBUSTNESS: Affects the degree to which the people can use a given place for different purposes

Factors to consider: Flexibility of use Rules and regulations History

BARANGAY POBLACION

ROCKWELL CENTER

BARANGAY POBLACION

ROCKWELL CENTER

BARANGAY POBLACION

ROCKWELL CENTER

Quality / Level

Barangay Poblacion

Rockwell Center

3

1

3

2

Legibility

1

2

Robustness

3

1

Permeability Variety

Visual appropriateness


VISUAL APPROPRIATENESS: Affects whether the detailed appearance of the place makes the people aware of their choices

Factors to consider: Building appearance Support for variety Support for legibility Support for robustness

BARANGAY POBLACION

ROCKWELL CENTER

Quality / Level

Barangay Poblacion

Rockwell Center

3

1

3

2

Legibility

1

2

Robustness

3

1

2

2




RICHNESS: refers to the people’s choice of sensory experiences

Factors to consider: Visual richness Varying sounds and smells Kinetic experiences Tactile senses

BARANGAY POBLACION

ROCKWELL CENTER

Quality / Level

Barangay Poblacion

Rockwell Center

3

1

3

2

Legibility

1

2

Robustness

3

1

2

2

3

1




PERSONALIZATION: affects the extent to which the people can put their own personality on a place

Factors to consider: Rules and regulations Need to improve facilities Affirmation of tastes and values Tenure

BARANGAY POBLACION

ROCKWELL CENTER

Quality / Level

Barangay Poblacion

Rockwell Center

3

1

3

2

Legibility

1

2

Robustness

3

1

2

2

Richness

3

1

Personalization

3

1



TOTAL

CONCLUSION: Quality / Level

Barangay Poblacion

Rockwell Center

3

1

3

2

Legibility

1

2

Robustness

3

1

2

2

Richness

3

1

Personalization

3

1



Urban Revitalization

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