Urban Housing Typology Selection 070207

Quarter

City

Building without Building equals creates smallscale any exterior or urban block checkerboard interior communal spaces

Old Town Barceloneta

1753+ 1755+ 1880s 1870s

Apartment Buildings

Pombaline Downtown

5

Multi-family Palazzo

Relation with Relevance Alternative urban block for the urban location / tissue Model

Row of buildings Street-to-Street Apartments equals urban Apartment Row have double block orientation House towards streets on both sides

Back-to-Back B kt B k mirror type (hygienic courtyard in between)

M lti f il Multi-family Row House with single orientation

A t t Apartments have single orientation towards the street (minimal courtyard (hygienic) for some air and light)

Plex House*

Block equals Horizontally mirror of aligned stacked apartments with single houses separate entrances for each unit, Terraced House style

Tenement House*

Row house shares light shaft with neighbouring building

Plateau Mont-Royal

5

Description

Lower East Side

4

Genova

4

Barcelona

3

Lisbon

3

Montreal

2

New York

2

19th c.

1

Date

N° Group

N° Total

Group Apartment Buildings

1

Name (*official)

UrbanHousingHandbook

Block equals mirror of aligned single houses, very dense

Modern or contemporary adaptations

Diagram

Aerial

Comments

inspired by 16th century palazzi

How many buildings have actually been built as apartment buildings?

creates linear and narrow blocks, partly pedestrianised

explore Indian or Arabic types

Most of them have been divided into single-oriented apartments, altering the initial spatial idea of this typology.

creates t lilinear and narrow blocks, partly pedestrianised

represents the t th common medieval type (single oriented row houses) in form of an improved and rationalised apartment model Boston Tripledecker, Edinburgh

I th Is the h house plan not too similar to the Eixample plan? There might be more obvious examples for this simple typology.

to be found out

Type represents extremes of desastrous urban coniditions in the 19th c. / try to find most acceptable example.

creates repetitive rectangular blocks

creates very dense rectangular blocks

Typology Selection 070208

The apartments of the upper floors can be reached through interior or exterior staircases.

1

Quarter

City

One family style house with multi apartments and exterior green spaces between houses

Buildings are positioned on the boundaries of the urban block

creates suburban green tissue

Kruppsche Arbeiter-kolonie Essen, Stuttgart

One of the most sub-urban examples of the selection / has been model for a lot of popular contemporary developments.

Haussmann Apartment Building

Building mediates between street and courtyard

Dense accumulation of similar buildings / block depth normally defined by two buildings with one courtyard each

Preference for triangular blocks due to facade efficiency. Developers tried to maximise the street oriented surfaces.

All over Paris / especially in the areas annexed after 1850 as these have been completely "Haussmann"style developed

IInsett B Building ildi

Building that develops along the interior parts of the plot and forms a courtyard towards the street

simple, because simple partywall relation towards all neighbours

easily adaptable to every urban tissue / streetonly oriented

Scattered examples can be found in a lot of cities.

It is the most common spatial type for an apartment building. The precise form of the building depends each time on the actual plot Does this type exist on a largerr scale with repetitive examples standing next to each other?

Mietskaserne*

Multiple Mainly courtyard house orthogonal accumulation of similar buildings which develop deeply into the heart of the block

The type is a result of a very wide-meshed urban grid

Type as much as name can also be found in other large German cities.

The large urban blocks were expected to be subdivided through private streets. It often did not happen due to space efficiency.

Zinshaus*

Introverted courtyard house with galleries, single oriented apartments

Easily adaptable to existing urban tissue / streetonly oriented

Prag, St. Petersburg, Vienna ("Pawlatsche"), mainly Eastern Europe

Terminology to be checked: is the described type a "Zinshaus"? / Is the "Zinshaus" equal to the Vienna "Pawlatsche"?

Strehlen Plaine Monceau

1898 19th c.

1895

19th c.

Apartment Buildings Apartment Buildings

Town Villa

Odeon

10


Friedrichshain

10

Description

City Centre

9

Dresden

9

Paris

8

Paris

8

Berlin

7

Budapest

7

1870s

6

Date

N° Group

Group

N° Total 6

Name (*official)


Accumulation of similar buildings, simple, because partywall relation towards all neighbours



Diagram

Aerial

Comments

2

Quarter

Meander-like linear building with similar living conditions for all apartments

Building "snakes" between block boundary and block interior

large blocks with visually extended public space through exteriorised courtyards

Design won "Prix de Rome". Early modernist ideas can be identified in terms of form and "hygienic" ideals.

Eixample Apartment House

Houses with shared interior communal courtyard

Aligned houses Strict orthogonal Sarphati blocks in Amsterdam grid of large around green blocks courtyard / corners have been cut in order to allow more generous crossings

Interesting study model for the relation between small scale ownership and large-scale urban design principles.

M Mega bl block k with gallery

Building equals Repetitive Single large largeurban block rectangular scale building blocks with distribution gallery on the courtyard side

M Mega bl block k with interior park

Si l llargeSingle scale building that encloses park

B ildi equals l N Building Narrow, urban block articulated blocks

Shikumen House*

British-Chinese mixture of courtyard and row house

Maze-like structure of internal lanes (Lilong), lilong forms a whole block and sometimes directly leads into another lilong

Elmsbuettel

City

Wohnburg*

Eixample

1860+ 1919 1870s

1920

Apartment Buildings Compounds


Spangen

1

Amsterdam South

15

Description

Suzhou Creek

14

Hamburg

14

Barcelona

13

Amsterdam

13

Amsterdam

12

Shanghai

12

1907

11

Date

N° Group

Group

N° Total 11

Name (*official)



Diagram

Aerial

Comments

Page Street (London)

Exceptional case / maybe not relevant for the study.

P l i R l Palais Royal, Rome (I.C.P.), Glasgow Tenement blocks

be It would ld b beneficial to find another example for this highly important type which is crucial for a lot of contemporary y masterplans.

Gates define the lilong structure towards the street / the block size is very large


From a historic and cultural point of view, it represents a rich mixture of British and Chinese building traditions.

3

1870+ 1750+

Quarter

City

9eme arrondissement

Paris

6

1850

FalkenriedTerrassen Siedlung*

multi-family row house development (mainly back-toback style)

Inset in existing Needs large urban blocks for block, larger insertion buildings mediate with surroundings on the boundary

Eppendorf Bastille

1750+

Compounds Compounds 20


Deep courtyard Accumulation of distinct buildings compound around central courtyard (mixed use)

developped from clearly linear orientation around Fbg into part of urban block

Easily adaptable there are similar part of urban to existing urban compounds in block with Argentina partywalls on all tissue sides

Vecindad*

Horizontally organised pocket development around central courtyard

part of urban block with ground floor commercial uses towards street

Easily adaptable to existing urban tissue

forms deep blocks because of sequence of covered interior space and exterior space (needed for light reasons)

Needs second courtyard (distance) towards the block interior


Diagram

Aerial

To be inserted

Familistère (Guise), Phalanstère (Fourier), Patio adaptations (Mexico)


Comments

Can be seen as an improved version of the English back-toback type, with generous communal spaces in front of the row houses Current configuration has evolved over long time, when owners decided to extend their properties into the depth of the plot Difference with Vecindad is the accumulation of distinct vertical units / residential only

long, narrow plots with occasionally transpercing lanes

Pocket development of distinct row houses around central courtyard

Cité Napoleon* Apartement building with generous and covered internal courtyard


It is the most generous example of several "Terrassenhaeuser" (Hamburg)

Cité *

Poniente

5

Description

Centro Historico

19

Hamburg

4

Paris

18

Santiago de Chile

3

Mexico City

17

1890

2

Date

N° Group

Group

N° Total 16

Name (*official)

Difference with Cité is the horizontal organisation of apartments around central space / often mixed-use

Looking for better and repetitive example (patio adaptations?) / the Cité has been a social failure.

4

Quarter

City

Date

N° Group

23

2

24

3

25

4

1918


C Casa d de ttres puertas

St d Streett ffacade only shows three private entrances

tto b d outt be ffound

tto b d outt be ffound


Diagram

Street-to-Street Row of houses Building row with direct street equals urban Row House block exposure on both sides

Aerial

i ht b i il might be similar to Vecindad

To be inserted

Ilot Mazargues

1

Row Houses

22

Description

Buenos Aires

?

7

Marseille

N° Total

Group

21

Name (*official)

To be inserted

Comments

R hh Research has not yet been successful for this type / may not exist or actually be a vecindad-style building

Extreme case, maybe not relevant for the study.

extremely linear Freudenstadt and narrow (Stuebben), Jewish quarter urban grain (Sanaa)

extremely linear Cité Florale House row is (Paris) mirrored on the and narrow urban grain back wall

There were several stages of improvement, aim for the latest model.

Terraced House*

One family row houses with double orientation towards street and garden

House row is mirrored on the limit of the private garden

Repetitive orthogonal or curved blocks / direct relation between typology and urban tissue.

Clapham, Notting Hill, Bloomsbury

Final selection is based on finding the most urban type.

Machiya*

One family houses with lateral corridor and backyard

plots are narrow and deep due to taxes paid for frontage / details to be found out

orthogonal wide meshed grid with Imperial Palace as focal point / predefined urban design

Angel

Hyde Park

One family row houses with single orientation towards the street

City Centre

Leeds London Kyoto

up to 1930s / archetype

1847

Row Houses

1780-1920

.

Back-to-Back House*



These buildings are mainly timber built.

5

Quarter

City

A generous main house is linked on the ground floor with a small-scale back building

The row of aligned houses is mirrored along a formerly private service lane (called mews)

Belgravia Batignolles

1825 1847 up to 20th c. / archetype

1855

1800-1920

Row Houses Courtyard Houses

Terraced House with Mews

Cite des fleurs* Row house with Infill with private generous front lane between garden and no larger buildings back garden

The private lane allows access towards the interior of the blocks (insideout logic)

Quadruple House*

Four row houses Inside-out logic creates subform one villa- of the usual row urban green tissue house style building configuration of exterior space / diagonal orientation

Riad*

Strongly introverted house with geometric central courtyard / no exterior facade as such

There is no urban block as such; logic of development strongly depends on the private laws towards the neighbour

front gardens can be found in a lot of English developments

Malacca, 5-foot-way in front of building Penang, Bangkok has strong impact on the public realm

Mixture of row and courtyard house, often with backyard


House row is mirrored along narrow service lane


Marylebone, Creates Mayfair rectangular large-scale blocks with interior lane (sometimes culde-sacs)

Chinese Shophouse* City Centre

1


Cité Ouvrière

30

Description

Medina

8

London

29

Paris

7

Singapour

28

Mulhouse

6

Marrakech

27

Date

N° Group

Group

N° Total

5

Row Houses

26

Name (*official)

Typology allows almost every kind of geometric pattern, having a door as only link to the outside / usually no grid

Diagram

Aerial

Comments

Due to the scale of the buildings, most houses have been separated from the mews and transformed into apartments.

It is an exceptional development, but potentially applicable to wider areas.

From a historic and cultural point of view, it represents a rich mixture of Dutch , British, Chinese and Malay elements.

Den Haag

Scheme has been built by a workers association, but the houses have subsequently been sold to the occupants.

Most arabic medinas have similar house types and urban pattern (i.e. Tunis)

It is the archetype of a building that is not linked to an urban grid in the classical sense (no explicit front or back).


6

Quarter

Row house with Chowk as internal transitional space

The major element is the row, and not the block. On the main street of a Pol the houses face each other.

Several house rows form a semi-private urban sector with one main entrance and seceral cul-desacs

Similar houses and urban patterns can be found in other cities of Gujarat.

Patio House*

House with peripheral interior patio

Representative street frontage, unlike arabic courtyard house which is solely introverted.

to be found out / it is not unusual to find mixeduse buildings with shops in the ground floor

to be found out / the patio house is the most fundamental typology of Latin America.

Houses often form rows, and are sometimes mirrored

Strong relation to the street through visual contact into the courtyard (depending on type of gate)

Pol

City

Date 1900s 17/18th century up to 20th c. / archetype

Cour de Cambronne

6

Haveli*


Diagram

Aerial

Comments

The rural predecessor of the Gujarat Haveli did not have any courtyard (Chowk). It is a consequence of the urban condition Elaborate differences with other latinamerican countries.

Spatial configuration ressembles Japanese Machiya.

Hotel Particulier*

3 wings develop around streetrelated courtyard

Several hotels form a row that can be mirrored while forming a block

Distant relation to the street because main building is set back and gates are mainly opaque

Patio house with courtyard on street / check Havana

May be too upscale as example / sizes are rarely consistent / searching for different example.

Siheyuan*

Building parts are scattered around enclosed courtyard

houses stand wall to wall, sometimes separated through a very narrow service lane

Accumulation of houses forms maze-like urban structure (hutong)

Typical for the whole northeastern region of China

Most of them are not onefamily houses any more / quickly disappear in Beijing to give place for modern developments

City Centre (hutong)

35

Ahmedabad

5


Havana

34

Description

Casa Chorizo* House develops linearly in parallel to a private lane that ends up as a small backyard

Buenos Aires

4

Arles

33

Beijing

3

up to 20th c. / archetype

32


N° Group

Group

N° Total

2

Courtyard Houses

31

Name (*official)



7

Quarter

Description

Tower House*

direct partywall One family relation on up to tower built in one corner of an 3 sides enclosed courtyard

City Centre

Date

City Sanaa

7


N° Group

N° Total

Group Courtyard Houses

36

Name (*official)



Very similar morphological relation as in most arabic medinas / no grid, but some main streets and a lot of cul-desacs


Similar houses exist in other cities of Yemen, i.e. Shibam.


Diagram

Aerial

Comments

Physical form does not ressemble a courtyard house, but urban context is surprisingly very similar.

8

Urban Housing Typology Selection 070207

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