Over the centuries, people have created many rituals to accompany the consumption of their favourite drinks, tea and and coffe coffee. e. Just Just think think of the Japa Japane nese se tea cere ceremon mony y, Brit Britis ish h afte aftern rnoo oon n tea tea or the the morn mornin ing g coff coffee ee ritu ritual al in countless countless societies. Why are these drinks so popular? popular? The answer is their secret ingredient – caffeine. n the modern world world,, the the new caffe caffeine ine !deliv !delivery ery syste systems" ms" are canne canned d !energy" drinks. #nd the more modern our world gets, the more we seem to need caffeine. $eople have known for years that caffeinated drinks make you less tired and more alert. This dual power of caffeine to counteract physical fatigue and increase alertness is part of the reason why it is the world"s most popular mood%altering drug. t is the only ha&it%forming psychoactive drug we routinely serve to our children 'in all those soft drinks and chocolate &ars(. n fact, most &a&ies in the developed world are &orn with traces of caffeine in their &odies. )ost people don"t think think twice twice a&out a&out their their caffein caffeine e intake. intake. *owever *owever,, it raises raises &lood &lood press pressur ure e and and thus thus incre increas ases es the the risk risk of heart heart diseas disease. e. +o the wide widespr sprea ead d use use of caffeine caffeine is now a cause for concern among scientists scientists and pu&lic health authorities. One result of this concern is that you are not allowed to sell energy drinks in rance or -enmark. #nd in other uropean countries, manufacturers have to la&el cans with warnings. The /nited +tates has no such rule, &ut many canned energy drinks sold in the /+# carry warnings anyway. On the other hand, much of the research suggests that caffeine may have &enefits for human health. +tudies have shown it helps relieve pain, reduces reduces asthma symptom symptoms s and increas increases es reaction reaction speed. -espite -espite this, this, a study in relan reland d reco recomme mmend nded ed that that child childre ren n and and preg pregnan nantt women women,, among among other other grou groups, ps, shouldn"t drink energy drinks. But we need coffee – or -iet 0oke1 or 2ed Bull – to get us out of &ed and &ack to work. !or most of human e3istence, the pattern of sleeping and waking has followed sunrise and sunset," e3plains 0harles 04eisler, an euro scientist at *arvard )edical +chool. !Then, the way we work changed from a schedule &uilt around the sun to an indoor 5o& timed &y a clock, and conse6uently humans had to adapt. lectric light, and caffeinated food and drink allowed people to follow a work schedule set &y the clock, not not &y day light light or the natur natural al sleep sleep cycle cycle". ". There Therefor fore, e, witho without ut caffe caffeine ine,, the the 78% 78% hoursociety of the developed world simply couldn"t e3ist. !0affeine helps people try to override the human rhythm that is in all of us," says 04eisler. !9evertheless," he says solemnly, !there is a heavy, heavy price to pay for all this e3tra wakefulness." Without ade6uate sleep – the conventional eight hours out of each 78 is a&out right – the human &ody will not function at its &est, physically, mentally, or emotionally, the doctor says. #ccording #ccording to 04eisler, 04eisler, the modern craving for caffeine caffeine is a !0atch 77 situation". situation". !The main reason that people want caffeine is to stay awake," he says. !But the main reason that people can"t stay awake is they don"t get enough regular sleep – &ecause they use caffeine."
Question 1
Choose the best title for the passage by circling the correct option.
#. # caffeine caffeine – fuelled fuelled world. world. B. # caffeine – ritual world. 0. # caffeine – the &enefits and draw&acks. -. # caffeine – a secret ingredient for survival.
Question 2 – 7
Answer the questions below. Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from from the passage for each answer.
7. What is the ritual that the Japanese have for the caffeine? :. *ow people nowadays deliver the energy drinks? 8. What food we serve to our children that contain caffeine? ;. What is the sickness that people who use too much caffeine are likely to have? <. What do the manufacturers have to include when selling energy drink? =. Who should not use caffeine, according to a study in reland?
Question 8 - 12
Do the following statements agree with the information in the reading passage? Write TRUE
if the statement agrees with the information
FALSE
if the statement contradicts the information
NOT GIVEN
if there is no information a&out the statement
>. 0offee, -iet 0oke and 2ed Bull help people to work more effectively.
. Our natural schedule can change to clock schedule thanks to caffeinated food and drink. @A. 04eisler &elieves that without caffeine, human &ody cannot function as its &est &ecause they feel sleepy. @@. Because of caffeine, people do not have enough sleep, which causes many negative effects. @7. $eople should not use too much caffeine if they want to stay awake.
