The Uchinaaguchi Martial Arts Handbook Table of Contents i. Introduction ii. Pronunciation Key The Uchinaaguchi Martial Arts Word Sheets I. Techniques echniques 1.atifa 2.tiigatana 3.nuchun 5.gammaku (under development)
II. Concepts 1.muchi 2.muchimi 3.naraasun 4.shishee 5.chinkunchi (under development) 6.a un (under development)
III. III. Places Places 1.Hamafijajima 2.Chikenjima (under development)
The Uchinaaguchi Martial Arts Handbook Table of Contents i. Introduction ii. Pronunciation Key The Uchinaaguchi Martial Arts Word Sheets I. Techniques echniques 1.atifa 2.tiigatana 3.nuchun 5.gammaku (under development)
II. Concepts 1.muchi 2.muchimi 3.naraasun 4.shishee 5.chinkunchi (under development) 6.a un (under development)
III. III. Places Places 1.Hamafijajima 2.Chikenjima (under development)
VI. Daily Language 1.kaji 2.duu fichasun 3.eesachi 4.meenachi kutuba (under development) 5.at the table (under development)
Produced by Samantha May in conjunction with martial arts instructors and other Uchinaaguchi speakers. This work-in-progress represents a chapter in the doctoral dissertation “Uchinaaguchi Language Reclamation in the Martial Arts Arts Community in Okinawa and Abroad” by Samantha May, completed at the University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa, Japan, 2014. Please direct and comments or inquiries to
[email protected].
Introduction: Why an Uchinaguchi Martial Arts Lexicon?
One of the things that sets practitioners of Okinawan karate and kobudo, and martial arts in general, apart from other athletes is their strong interest in the culture from which their art originates. Many martial artists wish to learn more about the places, people and language of the home country of their art, and often find themselves hosting teachers from abroad, travelling to their teachers' home countries or even studying additional languages in order to deepen their understanding. However, even as the world-wide practice of traditional Okinawan karate and kobudo has blossomed through the international exchange martial arts travel provides, Okinawan, the primary original language of these martial arts, has not been transmitted to the next generation. If current language maintenance maintenance efforts are unsuccessful, the Okinawan language, including all the martial arts information contained in its nuances and rich vocabulary, voc abulary, will be lost. Japanese is frequently frequently used in karate and kobudo practi practice ce to refer to techniques techniques,, weapons, weapons, kata, kata, terms of respect, exercises and even numbers in the dojo. Speaking the Okinawan language in Okinawan karate and kobudo dojo, even within Okinawa, is currently a rare practice, and yet Okinawan and international dojo provide an ideal place in which the language may be used. By using the original language of Okinawa, karate and kobudo learners would likely gain some insight into the cultural
Uchinaaguchi adopted hiragana from Japan and some kanji from China. This Uchinaaguchi Martial Arts Handbook uses the sound system developed by Mitsugu akihara for the !"##$%.
Uchinaaguchi consonants are like those of &nglish or Japanese. 'or e(ample)
Ho*ever+ there are a fe* e(ceptions) A combination of &nglish ,p, and ,f,+ and made by pushing air out bet*een pursed lips. Al*ays a hard ,g,+ like the first sound of gift or gum. -et*een &nglish ,l, and ,d,+ as in yukyus+ made by touching the top of the tongue tip to the roof of the mouth
Ho*ever+ vo*els may be short or long as in the follo*ing) Short
!topic marker%
Long
!house%
!opponent+ enemy% 0 !a horse% 0 !young man% 0there may be three vo*el lengths in some cases.
Unlike &nglish+ long vo*els in Uchinaaguchi are pronounced the same *ay as the short vo*els+ but held for a longer duration.
0hort 1o1 and 1i1 are infre2uent+ usually changing to 3u3 and 3ii3 respectively.
Although they are not *ritten in &nglish+ glottal stops are movements of the throat !glottis%. They occur at the beginning of all *ords starting *ith the vo*els + + + + and sometimes + such as + + + and 4n Uchinaaguchi+ glottal stops are contrastive+ meaning they are used to make *ords
I. Techniques
あ
て
ぃ
ふ
ぁ
atifa
しょうげきは
、衝撃波
energy transfer/shockwave
いゅ
いぇーてぃ
かいちからうち
くとぅわり
Atifa ndhi yishee, yeethi nkai chikarauchisuru kutuwari nu aibiin.
「あていふぁ」は力を相手に移す原理です。 “Atifa” is the principle of transferring energy to one's opponent.
いぇーてぃ
さー
さー
とぅち
tiigatana
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Iaido2.jpg (free use) autor Michal Kolisek dal souhlas k jeho plnemu ui!ani
手刀
shuto/chop
Karate: "refferfl#che $ei %huto、%ource：&igenes 'erk (own work) uthor: Kurmis 2**+,*-, 0reati!e 0ommons
nuchun
pierce, go through
が
ま
く
gamaku
F0っG!
横っ腹
side/front of waist
II. Concepts
muchi supple/flexible/resilient
Photo: Zuerich Zoo Masoalahalle, Herbst 2004, by Manfred Morgner. downloaded by S. May on December 18, 2013, from http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Zuerich_Zoo_Masoalahalle_8828.jpg under a GNU Free Documentation License. |
なか .
Uchigeeshinami nu nakan kaiya kuwasashiga ati yafara munu nu an. Kuri ga muchi yaibiin.
muchimi 餅米
sticky rice
56ぬむち。 "kinawan muchi, by #. May, $%&'.
むちやむちみぬさんにんぬはっぱぬなかんちく wrapped rice からちくいいびーん。 Muchi ya sannin nu happa wrapped in muchimi nu rice
な
らー
E ん
naraasun
Fし
教える let you learn
し
しぇー
shishee
;<、力!=>る posture, attitude culmination of energy
と)
と)
ど%
%&ーる'ん、 いりーる'ん ( )か*+ しーいよ。 ,-../0 tochin, iriiru tochin, dou chikati shiiyo. %1る'2、こ%34する'2、5 65!7っ*やる。
ちん
くん
ち
chinkunchi
combined power of muscle, tendon and bone
(From left) Gulls in Flight, Cuxhaven, 2009, By Politikaner (On ork (on !i "ture)) #CC$B%$&'$0 (htt!*++"reative"ommonsorg+li"enses+y$sa+0)-, via .ikime/ia iyagi an/ 1yo/a, 900s By iyagi an/ 1yo/a #Puli" /omain-, via .ikime/ia Commons Co!yright 'll rights reserve/ y Go3u 4yu /o Brasil
あ う ん
a un
☯
いんようごぎょう
ろっき
陰陽五行 / 六気
ying yang
III. Places
は
ま
ふ
ぃ
じ
ゃ
Hamafija
浜比嘉 Hamahiga て ぐ ぁ
ぬ
か
た
Tegua nu kata 古武道の型 はまふぃじゃ
ぬ
とぅんふぁ
Hamafija nu tunfa はまふぃじゃ
ぬ
さい
Hamafija nu sai はまふぃじゃ
ぬ
さい
Hamafija nu sai Hamafijajima
はまふぃじゃ
あがり
かっちん
はまふぃじゃ
ぬ
ぼ-
Hamafija nu bo
すば
なー
ち
きん
じ
ま
Chikinjima
つ けんじま
津堅島 Chikin Island Kobudo Kata Tegua nu Kata Chikin/ Tsuken Shita Haku nu sai Chikin/ Tsuken nu kun/ Chikin/ Tsuken Akacho nu Nunti Bo Chikin/ Tsuken Akacho nu Eku
Copyright © National Land Image Information (Color Aerial Photographs), Ministry of Land,
ちゃ
たん
や
ら
北谷 屋良 Chatan Yara Kobudo and Karate Kata Chatan Yara nu Sai Chatan Yara nu Kusanku Chatan Yara nu Kun Sho
Chatan Crest: Public Domain. Sai: S.May, 2013. Chatan's location: Wikimeia Commons, alberth2, !"# $ree Documentation %icense. &ku: Wikimeia Commons, Crai Musselman, Creati(e Commons %icense
IV. Proverbs
Ichariba, choodee 一度会えば、みな兄弟。 Once we meet, we are brothers and sisters.
Texas A&M University!ommerce we"site ## $ The American %ears '*#'+,
Photo courtesy of Gorge Karate (www.gorgekarate.com).
ぶ
し
てぃ
武士ぬ手まちげー。 Bushi nu tii machigee. 武士の手曲がり。Even a samurai may fail.
じょーじ
ちーくかさにれー、上手なゆん。
Chiiku kasaniree, jooji nayun.
みー ぬ
いらー、くび
をぅーりり
Mii nu iraa, kubi wuuriri
Photograph: Bundesarchiv, Bild 102-12424 / CC-BY-SA, This file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Germany license. http:commons.!ikimedia.or"!iki#ile:$undesarchiv%$ild%&0'-&'('()%*apan)%Tee-+eremonie.,p"
実る稲はたれる。Mature rice bows lower.
!ー
ぬ
いー#ー$
いん た %
&
'らん(
Tuu nu iibee, intakiya aran. ちゅさし’いーび tchusashi'iibi いーびぬさち iibi nu sachi fingertips
中 ' いーび naka'iibi ならし’いーび narashi'iibi
ちみ chimi
いーびぐぁー iibigwaa
つめ nail
ちゅーふし chuu fushi
うふ ' いーび ufu'iibi てぃーじくん tiijikun てぃーがたな tiigatana
tii nu wata
たふし ta fushi
うらけん back knuckles
てぃーぬわた ふし fushi joint, node
くしでぃー kushidii うらり back of hand
heel of the hand? てぃーくび tiikubi wrist
5 本の指は長さもふとさもみんな違うけど、お互いに助けあっている。 The five fingers each have a different length and width, but help each other.
い
じ
Sっんじ
.-ー
3
.-ー
Sっんじ
い じ
,
Iji nu 'njiraa tii
hiki, tii
nu 'njiraa iji hiki
怒りが出たら手を引き,手が出たら怒りを引け When you are roused to anger, put back your fists; when your fists are clenched to strike, keep down your wrath. やらさったる
やくにんが
いーなじきぬ,
T%いな9
うる
若女
&+
とぅ
たげー
( U
なくな -た-る ! いーなじき
に
肝
が
T%いな9
"ー#
若女
とぅ$たた%いん&
ぬ$ 'る
(
T%いな9
ー
に
若女
が$さ)*
ぬ いじ
さ+,ー Sっんじ
ん%い く-ーさが.-ー /01 ぬ 出 らー 手ー 引き, 手ー ぬ 出らー 01 3 き4 Dら'
! a a n t h a $ a y % & ' ( )
ubiin jyachi futun akitinncharee ikiga nu, chin chichoosee duunu inagu nu uya natii nadiuruchi buji ni nan nugaritan. *nu guun tushi hakugindooga tatiratan iinadi uruchitan.
ZQZとT[X\]な^%ら_*7た#<に=る`に$aXbさんとcQEQdとefにgっ .い*7た#hiに$bさんとjd8たいなEQdを@7.いた%ったけ;ZQZとT[をk い出7*7た#'7.$aXcQEQdXlmにnoQEQpqさ,たrsさん$bさんをt るたuに$o%っ.き*7た#
+his proerb coes fro a faous story. saurai returned hoe only to discoer his wife lying in bed with another an. t first, he wanted to kill his wife and what appeared to be her loer, but then he thought of this proerb told to hi by a farer who could not repay his debts. e then reali/ed that the an was in fact his own other in disguise to protect his wife and was grateful to the farer.
V. Okinawan Culture and General Knowledge
Toodii 空手
karate
Tooとー(China) tii/diiでぃー(technique)
唐 (Too/ kara) China
空 (kara) empty
技 (waza)
手 (te)
technique
hand
手 (te) hand
手 (te) hand
は
ぶ
habu
蛇
Asian lance-headed viper
habu nu tii
(*+, Karate Kata)
sanseru seiru (Meibukan) koute jo chu ge suparinpe possai sho, possai dai ’
(./0 Origin)
Too/ Uchinaa
まち
はぶ1、2ー 3
か4ー
い6ー'(ち8:ち
5 '(、 7 +
う
China/ Okinawa くる
;なかい<ち =さびーん。
うち なー ぐち
沖縄口
$!hinaagu!hi 沖縄# Okinawan %anguage
琉球国世主（尚真王）書状（嶋津相模守（忠良）宛書状）Ryukyukoku yononushi shojo. Letter of Ryukyukoku yononushi (King Sho Shin) to Shimazu Tadayoshi. 沖縄県公文書館編『資料に!沖縄"#$% 沖縄県 2002 & Okinawan istory on Re!ords" Okinawa #refe!ture" 2002
「おきなわ」や「うちなー」でぃいち、「言葉」や「くち」やいびーん。や ぐとぅ、「沖縄口」や「うちなー言葉」やいびーん。 「Okinawa」ya「Uchinaa」yaiibin, tu 「kutuba」ya「kuchi」yaibiin. Yagutu, 「Uchinaaguchi 「Uchinaakutuba yaibiin.
吉屋鶴 Yushiya Chiruu 0 2
-
沖縄は空手だけではなくて、文学もある。
Okinawa does not only have karate, but also culture.
一番湯名な沖縄の
Yushiya Chiru, Unna Nabii and Chatan Mooshi are the three most famous Okinawan poets.
Yushi Yachiru was born into a poor family with so many children there was not enough food for them to survive. hus, she was sold as a geisha when she was !" years old. #ven though she could not read or write, she composed a poem on $i%a &ridge on her way to Naha from her home'
る3
はー
べー
るー
haabeeruu 蝶々 butterfly ちょうちょう
いつも力んでばかりではなくて
が
じ
ま
る
gajimaru
Banyan Tree
Just as gajimaru trees and bamboo have large root systems, you should think of reaching underneath the floor in order to stay rooted in your stances.
ち
ぶ
chibu
つぼ
壺 /點穴
pressure point/ node/ clay
pot 「ちぶ にがきれー」や 「そーづくる」や いびーん。 「Chibu nigakiree」ya 「soodukuru」yaibiin. 沖縄語で、「ちぶにがきれー」は「弱い所」 の意味があります。 In Uchinaaguchi, “chibu nigakiree” means “weak point.”
がまく
ちかてぃ
ちぶん
ぬけー。
Gammaku? chikati chibun nukee.
腰を使って壺貫け。
Hit the weak point with power.
VI. Daily Language
か
じ
kaji 1-10 日本語
沖縄口
Uchinaguchi
一
てぃーち
tiichi
二
たーち
taachi
に
三
みーち
miichi
さん
四
ゆーち
yuuchi
五
いちち
ichichi
六
むーち
muuchi
いち
し・よん ご ろく
89一:' Numbers 1-10 Japanese ichi
1
ni
2
san
3
shi/ yon
4
go
5
roku
6
Duu-Fichaasun Image “Kusakabe Kimbei” courtesy of Wikimedia Commons http://www.baxleystamps.com/litho/meiji/1898080967/album_1_19-1.jpg
ぐす―よ ちゅーがなびら。 Gusuuyo chuuganabira.
みんなさん、今日は。 Minnasan, konnichi wa.
Hello Everyone.
ぐすーよはじみてぃうがなびら。 Gusuuyo hajimiti uganabira.
はじめまして。 Hajimemashite.
It's nice to meet you.
わんねー/わんや-? _________ やいびーん。 Wannee/Wanyaa? _________ yaibiin.
私は＿＿＿です。 Watashi wa _______ desu.
わんねー/わんや-? _________ から ちゃーびたん。 Wannee/Wanyaa?_________ kara chaabitan.
＿＿＿から来ました。 _______ kara kimashita.
I come from _______.
ゆたさるぐとぅ うにげーさびら。 Yutasarugutu unigeesabira.
どうぞよろしくおねがいします。 Douzo youroshiku onegaiitashimasu.
Please do me the favour of your acquaintance.
My name is ______.
い1ー さ
ち
'eesachi 沖縄口
やまとぅ口 日本語
Uchinaaguchi
うきみそーちー
挨拶 greetings えい口
English
ukimisoochii うーうきーみ ーび ぃ てぃー ‘uu ukiimiseebitii せ
お早うございます
はいさい はいたい
hai sai hai tai
今日は
konnichiwa
Hello (male speaker) Hello (emale speaker)
やー
yaa
今日は
konnichiwa
Hi (to riends)
ちーう!"び# ちー
chuu uganabira chuu
今日は
konnichiwa
Good day (to seniors) Good day (to !uniors)
$とか#や
ato kara ya
また$と%&'
mata atode" ne
#ee you later$ #ee ya
また$ち(や )ーび#*ぅー ++,ーさび#
mata achyaya keebira wuu guguriisabira
また-日
mata ashita shitsureishimashita shitsureishimashita
#ee you tomorrow E%cuse me" &'e got to go (when
./やーび#や
yukuyaa biraya
お0み"さい
oyasuminasai
Good night
おきましたか
ohaiyougozaimasu okimashita ka
Good morning Did you wake up?
leaing work or the do!o)
うや
めー
く
とぅ ば
meenachi kutuba 沖縄口
Uchinaaguchi
かふーしでーびる にふぇーでーびる にふぇどー
kafuusideebiru nifeedeebiru nifeedoo
うにげーさびら
unigee sabira
どーでぃん
doodin (目上）
どーでぃんうさがいみそーり
Yamatuguchi
doodin usagaimisoori
おねがいします onegaishimasu どうぞ
wassaibiitan (目上） guburii sabitan わっさいびーたん、わっさたん wassaibiitan, wassatan ichutaa macchookee
ちゃーびらたい ちゃーびらさい
chaabiratai (女) chaabirasai (男)
ぐびりーさびら ぐびりーさびたん
guburiisabira guburiisabitan
どうぞ、食べて下さい
ちょっと待って下さい ごめん下さい
shimabiin shimabiitan
gomen kudasai
ごめん下さい
gomen kudasai おじゃましました ojamashimashita しつれいしました shitsureishimashita 御無礼しました
しまびーん しまびーたん
douzo ( 目上）
Eigo English You do me a great favour (superiors) Thank you (same age) Thanks (younger people) Please Please have this. (to superiors) Please go ahead.
申し訳ありません moushiwakearimasen しつ I'm truly sorry. (to superiors) れいしました shitsureishimashita Sorry for the intrusion. gomennasai ごめんなさい I'm sorry.
わっさいびーたん ぐぶりーさびたん
いちゅたーまっちょーけー
日本語
どうもありがとうございます ありがとうございます ありがとう
日常会話 everyday language
?
One moment, please. Excuse me. (when visiting someone) Excuse me/Pardon me/Sorry
gobureishimashita
?
Toyama Kanken, Ohtsuka Hironori, Shimoda Takeshi, Funakoshi Gichin, Motobu Choki, Mabuni Kenwa, Nakasone Genwa and Taira Shinken. Masters of Karate in Tokyo(1930s) The Japanese Book " 空手道一路"(Karatedo One Road) Originally published in 1956 Reprint pubished on December 20, 2004 . by 義珍(Funakoshi Gichin). Copyright Free from Wikimedia Commons: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Masters_of_Karate.jpg?uselang=ja
