UA5000 Technical Manual

Chapter 1 System Overview ...........................................................................

1-1

1.1 About Integrated Services Access Network ........................................... 1.2 About the HONET .................................................................................. 1.2.1 Technical Breakthroughs ............................................................... 1.2.2 Components ................................................................................... 1.2.3 System Architecture ....................................................................... 1.3 Major Service Offerings .......................................................................... 1.3.1 Traditional Voice Services ............................................................. 1.3.2 NGN-Oriented Voice Services ....................................................... 1.3.3 Broadband Access Services .......................................................... 1.3.4 Broadband/Narrowband Leased Line Services ............................. 1.4 External Interfaces ................................................................................. 1.4.1 Service Interfaces .......................................................................... 1.4.2 Maintenance Interfaces.................................................................. 1.4.3 BITS Interface ................................................................................ 1.5 System Features .................................................................................... 1.5.1 Narrowband and Broadband Integrated Platform .......................... 1.5.2 Powerful Processing Capability ..................................................... 1.5.3 Abundant Subscriber/Network Interfaces ...................................... 1.5.4 Highly Scalable System ................................................................. 1.5.5 Self-Healing Built-in VP Ring Networking ...................................... 1.5.6 Flexible Networking Mode .............................................................. 1.5.7 Broad Range of ONU Portfolio ....................................................... 1.5.8 Outstanding Compatibility .............................................................. 1.5.9 Carrier-Class Reliability ................................................................. 1.5.10 Excellent Maintenance and Monitoring ........................................ 1.5.11 Integrated NMS ............................................................................ 1.5.12 NGN-Oriented Integrated Services Access Platform ...................

1-1 1-2 1-2 1-2 1-3 1-4 1-4 1-5 1-5 1-5 1-6 1-6 1-7 1-8 1-9 1-9 1-9 1-10 1-10 1-10 1-11 1-11 1-12 1-12 1-13 1-14 1-14

Chapter 2 System Composition .....................................................................

2-1

2.1 HONET Software Structure .................................................................... 2.2 Introduction to the MD5500 .................................................................... 2.2.1 Logical Structure ............................................................................ 2.2.2 Frame Structure ............................................................................. 2.2.3 Frame Hardware Design ................................................................ 2.2.4 Supported Boards .......................................................................... 2.2.5 Peripheral Devices ......................................................................... 2.3 Introduction to the UA5000 and Other ONUs ......................................... 2.3.1 Logical Structure ............................................................................ 2.3.2 Frame Structure .............................................................................

2-1 2-2 2-2 2-3 2-4 2-5 2-6 2-9 2-9 2-10

2.3.3 Frame Hardware Design ................................................................ 2.3.4 Supported Boards .......................................................................... 2.3.5 Peripheral Devices ......................................................................... 2.4 Optical Transmission System ................................................................. 2.5 NMS .......................................................................................................

2-19 2-23 2-27 2-30 2-30

Chapter 3 Service Implementation .................................................................

3-1

3.1 Overview ................................................................................................ 3.2 Traditional Voice Services ...................................................................... 3.2.1 POTS ............................................................................................. 3.2.2 Z Interface Extension Service ........................................................ 3.2.3 ISDN BRA Service ......................................................................... 3.2.4 ISDN PRA Service ......................................................................... 3.3 NGN-Oriented Access Services ............................................................. 3.4 Broadband Access Services .................................................................. 3.4.1 ADSL Service................................................................................. 3.4.2 VDSL Service................................................................................. 3.4.3 LAN Service ................................................................................... 3.5 Broadband/Narrowband Leased Line Services ...................................... 3.5.1 HONET DAS Access Service ........................................................ 3.5.2 2/4-wire VF Leased Line Service ................................................... 3.5.3 2/4-wire E&M Trunk Service .......................................................... 3.5.4 2 Mbit/s Digital Leased Line Service .............................................. 3.5.5 Nx64 kbit/s Leased Line Service .................................................... 3.5.6 SHDSL Leased Line Service ......................................................... 3.5.7 MTA Leased Line Service .............................................................. 3.5.8 Circuit Emulation Service ............................................................... 3.5.9 LAN Interconnection Service ......................................................... 3.6 Multicast Service .................................................................................... 3.7 VP Ring .................................................................................................. 3.7.1 Protection Switching Type ............................................................. 3.7.2 Protection Switching Detection and Trigger Mechanism ............... 3.7.3 Protection Switching Protocol ........................................................

3-1 3-1 3-1 3-2 3-2 3-2 3-3 3-4 3-4 3-5 3-6 3-6 3-7 3-8 3-9 3-12 3-13 3-14 3-15 3-15 3-17 3-18 3-20 3-20 3-21 3-22

Chapter 4 Networking Applications ...............................................................

4-1

4.1 System Networking Options ................................................................... 4.1.1 SDH Networking ............................................................................ 4.1.2 MSTP Networking .......................................................................... 4.1.3 VP Ring Networking ....................................................................... 4.1.4 Direct Fiber Networking ................................................................. 4.1.5 Direct Fiber and SDH Hybrid Networking ......................................

4-1 4-1 4-2 4-3 4-4 4-5

4.1.6 Subtending Networking .................................................................. 4.1.7 Single-Layer Networking ................................................................ 4.1.8 TDM Large Capacity Networking ................................................... 4.1.9 NGN Migration Networking ............................................................ 4.2 Typical Applications ................................................................................ 4.2.1 Integrated Narrowband and Broadband Access ............................ 4.2.2 Narrowband Service Access .......................................................... 4.2.3 DDN Service Access ...................................................................... 4.2.4 IP Egress Application ..................................................................... 4.2.5 NGN Migration ...............................................................................

4-6 4-8 4-9 4-10 4-12 4-12 4-14 4-15 4-16 4-17

Chapter 5 Network Management System ......................................................

5-1

5.1 CLI NMS ................................................................................................. 5.1.1 Running Environment .................................................................... 5.1.2 NMS Functions .............................................................................. 5.2 GUI NMS ................................................................................................ 5.2.1 Running Environment .................................................................... 5.2.2 NMS Functions .............................................................................. 5.3 NMS Networking Modes ......................................................................... 5.3.1 Inband Networking ......................................................................... 5.3.2 Outband Networking ......................................................................

5-1 5-1 5-1 5-2 5-2 5-4 5-7 5-7 5-8

Chapter 6 Technical Specifications ...............................................................

6-1

6.1 Standards Compliance ........................................................................... 6.2 Technical Parameters ............................................................................ 6.2.1 Physical Specifications .................................................................. 6.2.2 Environment Parameters ............................................................... 6.3 System Performance .............................................................................. 6.3.1 Integrated System Performance .................................................... 6.3.2 System Interface Index .................................................................. 6.3.3 Protocols Compliance .................................................................... 6.4 Interface Technical Specifications .......................................................... 6.4.1 STM-1 Optical Port ........................................................................ 6.4.2 155 Mbit/s Electric Port .................................................................. 6.4.3 STM-4 Optical Port ........................................................................ 6.4.4 Gigabit Ethernet Optical Port ......................................................... 6.4.5 Fast Ethernet Optical Port .............................................................. 6.4.6 Fast Ethernet Electric Port ............................................................. 6.4.7 E1 Port ........................................................................................... 6.4.8 V.35 Interface................................................................................. 6.4.9 Z Interface ......................................................................................

6-1 6-5 6-5 6-7 6-8 6-8 6-11 6-13 6-13 6-13 6-17 6-20 6-23 6-27 6-30 6-32 6-37 6-39

6.4.10 U interface.................................................................................... 6.4.11 ADSL Port .................................................................................... 6.4.12 VDSL Port .................................................................................... 6.4.13 SHDSL Port .................................................................................

6-47 6-51 6-52 6-55

Appendix A Introduction to xDSL Technology .............................................

A-1

A.1 Overview ................................................................................................ A.1.1 Introduction to xDSL Technologies................................................ A.1.2 Specifications of xDSL Technologies ............................................ A.2 ADSL...................................................................................................... A.3 ADSL2+ ................................................................................................. A.4 SHDSL ................................................................................................... A.5 VDSL......................................................................................................

A-1 A-1 A-3 A-4 A-8 A-12 A-14

Appendix B Terminologies .............................................................................

B-1

Appendix C Abbreviations and Acronyms ....................................................

C-1

HUAWEI

HONET Integrated Services Access Network Technical Manual V600R007

HONET Integrated Services Access Network Technical Manual Manual Version

T2-050263-20040920-C-6.71

Product Version

V600R007

BOM

31026263

Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. provides customers with comprehensive technical support and service. Please feel free to contact our local office or company headquarters.

Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Address: Administration Building, Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd., Bantian, Longgang District, Shenzhen, P. R. China Postal Code: 518129 Website: http://www.huawei.com Email: [email protected]

Copyright © 2004 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

All Rights Reserved No part of this manual may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without prior written consent of Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

Trademarks

, HUAWEI, C&C08, EAST8000, HONET,

, ViewPoint, INtess, ETS, DMC,

TELLIN, InfoLink, Netkey, Quidway, SYNLOCK, Radium, M900/M1800, TELESIGHT, Quidview, Musa, Airbridge, Tellwin, Inmedia, VRP, DOPRA, iTELLIN, HUAWEI OptiX, C&C08 iNET, NETENGINE, OptiX, iSite, U-SYS, iMUSE, OpenEye, Lansway, SmartAX, infoX, TopEng are trademarks of Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All other trademarks mentioned in this manual are the property of their respective holders.

Notice The information in this manual is subject to change without notice. Every effort has been made in the preparation of this manual to ensure accuracy of the contents, but all statements, information, and recommendations in this manual do not constitute the warranty of any kind, express or implied.

About This Manual Release Notes This manual applies to the HONET Integrated Services Access Network V600R007 (hereinafter referred to as the HONET).

Related Manuals The manuals listed in the following table contain more information about the MD5500. Manual

Content

HONET Integrated Services Access Network Technical Manual

It presents a comprehensive introduction to the HONET Integrated Services Access Network.

HONET MD5500 Multi-service Distribution Module Operation Manual

It discusses the maintenance and data configuration for the MD5500.

HONET MD5500 Multi-service Distribution Module Installation Manual

It is a guide to install the MD5500.

HONET MD5500 Multi-service Distribution Module Safety Manual

It lists the safety information needed to install and maintain the equipment.

HONET Integrated Services Access Network Troubleshooting Manual

It describes commonly used troubleshooting practices.

HONET MD5500 Multi-service Distribution Module Hardware Description Manual

It provides an overview of the hardware structure of the MD5500, as well as the functions of each component. This manual is contained in the documentation CD only.

HONET MD5500 Multi-service Distribution Module Command Reference

It elaborates on all commands supported by the system. This manual is contained in the documentation CD only.

Documentation CD

The CD contains the whole set of manuals.

The manuals listed in the following table contain more information about the UA5000. Manual

Description

HONET Integrated Services Access Network Technical Manual

It presents a comprehensive introduction to the HONET Integrated Services Access Network.

HONET UA5000 Universal Access Unit Operation Manual

It discusses the maintenance and data configuration for the UA5000.

Manual

Description

HONET UA5000 Universal Access Unit Hardware Description Manual

This manual introduces boards and cables of various ONU equipments. The manual is contained in the documentation CD only.

HONET UA5000 Universal Access Unit Command Reference

It elaborates on all commands supported by the system. The manual is contained in the documentation CD only.

Documentation CD

The CD contains the set of manuals.

Organization The manual consists of six chapters and three appendixes that elaborate on the features, system structure, service principles, networking applications, network management system and technical specifications of the HONET. z

Chapter 1 System Overview discusses the network development trend and the broadband and narrowband integrated solution provided by the HONET. It also profiles the system structure, capacity, interfaces and other features of the HONET.

z

Chapter 2 System Composition gives details about the hardware of HONET system, describing hardware for both OLT and ONU.

z

Chapter 3 Service Implementation introduces the applications supported by the HONET system, including voice, broadband and private line services.

z

Chapter 4 Networking Applications presents various networking applications between OLT and ONU of HONET system.

z

Chapter 5 Network Management System describes the network management ability of HONET system and the network management system iManager N2000.

z

Chapter 6 Technical Specifications lists the system and interface specifications of the HONET.

z

Appendix A introduces the xDSL technology.

z

Appendix B lists the terminologies used in this manual.

z

Appendix C lists the abbreviations and acronyms used in this manual.

Intended Audience The manual is intended for the following readers: z

HONET operation and maintenance engineers

z

HONET Network administrators

Technical Manual HONET Integrated Services Access Network

Table of Contents

Table of Contents Chapter 1 System Overview ......................................................................................................... 1-1 1.1 About Integrated Services Access Network ...................................................................... 1-1 1.2 About the HONET .............................................................................................................. 1-2 1.2.1 Technical Breakthroughs ........................................................................................ 1-2 1.2.2 Components ............................................................................................................ 1-2 1.2.3 System Architecture ................................................................................................ 1-3 1.3 Major Service Offerings ..................................................................................................... 1-4 1.3.1 Traditional Voice Services....................................................................................... 1-4 1.3.2 NGN-Oriented Voice Services ................................................................................ 1-5 1.3.3 Broadband Access Services ................................................................................... 1-5 1.3.4 Broadband/Narrowband Leased Line Services ...................................................... 1-5 1.4 External Interfaces ............................................................................................................. 1-6 1.4.1 Service Interfaces ................................................................................................... 1-6 1.4.2 Maintenance Interfaces........................................................................................... 1-7 1.4.3 BITS Interface ......................................................................................................... 1-8 1.5 System Features................................................................................................................ 1-9 1.5.1 Narrowband and Broadband Integrated Platform ................................................... 1-9 1.5.2 Powerful Processing Capability............................................................................... 1-9 1.5.3 Abundant Subscriber/Network Interfaces ............................................................. 1-10 1.5.4 Highly Scalable System ........................................................................................ 1-10 1.5.5 Self-Healing Built-in VP Ring Networking ............................................................. 1-10 1.5.6 Flexible Networking Mode..................................................................................... 1-11 1.5.7 Broad Range of ONU Portfolio.............................................................................. 1-11 1.5.8 Outstanding Compatibility ..................................................................................... 1-12 1.5.9 Carrier-Class Reliability......................................................................................... 1-12 1.5.10 Excellent Maintenance and Monitoring ............................................................... 1-13 1.5.11 Integrated NMS ................................................................................................... 1-14 1.5.12 NGN-Oriented Integrated Services Access Platform .......................................... 1-14 Chapter 2 System Composition ................................................................................................... 2-1 2.1 HONET Software Structure ............................................................................................... 2-1 2.2 Introduction to the MD5500 ............................................................................................... 2-2 2.2.1 Logical Structure ..................................................................................................... 2-2 2.2.2 Frame Structure ...................................................................................................... 2-3 2.2.3 Frame Hardware Design ......................................................................................... 2-4 2.2.4 Supported Boards ................................................................................................... 2-5 2.2.5 Peripheral Devices .................................................................................................. 2-6 2.3 Introduction to the UA5000 and Other ONUs .................................................................... 2-9

i


Table of Contents

2.3.1 Logical Structure ..................................................................................................... 2-9 2.3.2 Frame Structure .................................................................................................... 2-10 2.3.3 Frame Hardware Design ....................................................................................... 2-20 2.3.4 Supported Boards ................................................................................................. 2-24 2.3.5 Peripheral Devices ................................................................................................ 2-28 2.4 Optical Transmission System .......................................................................................... 2-30 2.5 NMS ................................................................................................................................. 2-31 Chapter 3 Service Implementation .............................................................................................. 3-1 3.1 Overview ............................................................................................................................ 3-1 3.2 Traditional Voice Services ................................................................................................. 3-1 3.2.1 POTS....................................................................................................................... 3-1 3.2.2 Z Interface Extension Service ................................................................................. 3-2 3.2.3 ISDN BRA Service .................................................................................................. 3-2 3.2.4 ISDN PRA Service .................................................................................................. 3-2 3.3 NGN-Oriented Access Services ........................................................................................ 3-3 3.4 Broadband Access Services.............................................................................................. 3-4 3.4.1 ADSL Service .......................................................................................................... 3-4 3.4.2 VDSL Service .......................................................................................................... 3-5 3.4.3 LAN Service ............................................................................................................ 3-6 3.5 Broadband/Narrowband Leased Line Services ................................................................. 3-6 3.5.1 HONET DAS Access Service.................................................................................. 3-7 3.5.2 2/4-wire VF Leased Line Service ............................................................................ 3-8 3.5.3 2/4-wire E&M Trunk Service ................................................................................... 3-9 3.5.4 2 Mbit/s Digital Leased Line Service ..................................................................... 3-12 3.5.5 N×64 kbit/s Leased Line Service .......................................................................... 3-13 3.5.6 SHDSL Leased Line Service................................................................................. 3-14 3.5.7 MTA Leased Line Service ..................................................................................... 3-15 3.5.8 Circuit Emulation Service ...................................................................................... 3-15 3.5.9 LAN Interconnection Service................................................................................. 3-17 3.6 Multicast Service.............................................................................................................. 3-18 3.7 VP Ring............................................................................................................................ 3-20 3.7.1 Protection Switching Type..................................................................................... 3-20 3.7.2 Protection Switching Detection and Trigger Mechanism ...................................... 3-21 3.7.3 Protection Switching Protocol ............................................................................... 3-22 Chapter 4 Networking Applications............................................................................................. 4-1 4.1 System Networking Options .............................................................................................. 4-1 4.1.1 SDH Networking...................................................................................................... 4-1 4.1.2 MSTP Networking ................................................................................................... 4-2 4.1.3 VP Ring Networking ................................................................................................ 4-3 4.1.4 Direct Fiber Networking........................................................................................... 4-4 4.1.5 Direct Fiber and SDH Hybrid Networking ............................................................... 4-5 4.1.6 Subtending Networking ........................................................................................... 4-6 ii


Table of Contents

4.1.7 Single-Layer Networking ......................................................................................... 4-8 4.1.8 TDM Large Capacity Networking ............................................................................ 4-9 4.1.9 NGN Migration Networking ................................................................................... 4-10 4.2 Typical Applications ......................................................................................................... 4-12 4.2.1 Integrated Narrowband and Broadband Access ................................................... 4-12 4.2.2 Narrowband Service Access ................................................................................. 4-14 4.2.3 DDN Service Access............................................................................................. 4-15 4.2.4 IP Egress Application ............................................................................................ 4-16 4.2.5 NGN Migration....................................................................................................... 4-17 Chapter 5 Network Management System.................................................................................... 5-1 5.1 CLI NMS ............................................................................................................................ 5-1 5.1.1 Running Environment.............................................................................................. 5-1 5.1.2 NMS Functions........................................................................................................ 5-1 5.2 GUI NMS............................................................................................................................ 5-2 5.2.1 Running Environment.............................................................................................. 5-2 5.2.2 NMS Functions........................................................................................................ 5-4 5.3 NMS Networking Modes .................................................................................................... 5-7 5.3.1 Inband Networking .................................................................................................. 5-7 5.3.2 Outband Networking ............................................................................................... 5-8 Chapter 6 Technical Specifications............................................................................................. 6-1 6.1 Standards Compliance ...................................................................................................... 6-1 6.2 Technical Parameters........................................................................................................ 6-5 6.2.1 Physical Specifications............................................................................................ 6-5 6.2.2 Environment Parameters ........................................................................................ 6-7 6.3 System Performance ......................................................................................................... 6-8 6.3.1 Integrated System Performance ............................................................................. 6-8 6.3.2 System Interface Index ......................................................................................... 6-11 6.3.3 Protocols Compliance ........................................................................................... 6-13 6.4 Interface Technical Specifications ................................................................................... 6-13 6.4.1 STM-1 Optical Port................................................................................................ 6-13 6.4.2 155 Mbit/s Electric Port ......................................................................................... 6-17 6.4.3 STM-4 Optical Port................................................................................................ 6-20 6.4.4 Gigabit Ethernet Optical Port ................................................................................ 6-23 6.4.5 Fast Ethernet Optical Port..................................................................................... 6-27 6.4.6 Fast Ethernet Electric Port .................................................................................... 6-30 6.4.7 E1 Port .................................................................................................................. 6-32 6.4.8 V.35 Interface ........................................................................................................ 6-37 6.4.9 Z Interface ............................................................................................................. 6-39 6.4.10 U interface ........................................................................................................... 6-47 6.4.11 ADSL Port ........................................................................................................... 6-51 6.4.12 VDSL Port ........................................................................................................... 6-52 6.4.13 SHDSL Port......................................................................................................... 6-55 iii


Table of Contents

Appendix A Introduction to xDSL Technology ..........................................................................A-1 A.1 Overview............................................................................................................................A-1 A.1.1 Introduction to xDSL Technologies.........................................................................A-1 A.1.2 Specifications of xDSL Technologies .....................................................................A-3 A.2 ADSL .................................................................................................................................A-4 A.3 ADSL2+ .............................................................................................................................A-8 A.4 SHDSL.............................................................................................................................A-12 A.5 VDSL ...............................................................................................................................A-14 Appendix B Terminologies...........................................................................................................B-1 Appendix C Abbreviations and Acronyms .................................................................................C-1

iv


Chapter 1 System Overview

Chapter 1 System Overview With the increasing demands on telecommunication services, the carriers need an access network that can integrate data, voice and multimedia services while providing large access capacity, high access speed and high quality of service. The HONET Integrated Services Access Network (the HONET for short) of Huawei is a mainstream solution for integrated services access network thanks to its diverse service interfaces, flexible networking patterns and excellent maintainability.

1.1 About Integrated Services Access Network An integrated services access network is an access network that provides access for both narrowband and broadband services at the same time. The narrowband services here include the Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) service, Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) service, Digital Data Network (DDN) service and so on. While the broadband services here include the x Digital Subscriber Line (xDSL) access services, Local Area Network (LAN) access services and Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) leased line interconnection services. An integrated services access network is very often built up over a Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH) or Virtual Path (VP) ring transmission system. The most important parts in such a network include the Optical Line Terminal (OLT) and the Optical Network Unit (ONU). The OLT and ONU, together with the SDH/VP ring transmission system and the network management system (NMS), form a complete integrated services access network. Figure 1–1 shows the overall structure of the integrated service access network.

1-1


Network side


Integrated Services Access Network

Subscriber side

POTS

PSTN

2B+D

ONU

64kbit/s V.35/V.24

DDN OLT

SDH/VP Ring

ATM

MD5500

Digital telephone Router

ONU E1

ONU

IP

Analog telephone

Ethernet

xDSL 10Base-T

NMS

DDN node

modem Computer

Figure 1–1 Overall structure of the integrated service access network

1.2 About the HONET Huawei presents the HONET as a total solution on the integrated services access network, in which different systems of Huawei have been merged together to provide outstanding performance.

1.2.1 Technical Breakthroughs The HONET supports a full spectrum of narrowband and broadband services that are essential in an Integrated Services Access network. Moreover, it is empowered with a number of technical breakthroughs of Huawei to support the ever varying services and to extend the service coverage. These breakthroughs include the “narrowband-and-broadband integrated platform”, “bus resource sharing technology” and “built-in VP Ring technology”.

1.2.2 Components z

OLT

In the HONET solution, the MD5500 Multi-service Distribution Module (the MD5500 for short) of Huawei plays the role of an OLT. z

ONU

In the HONET solution, the following devices of Huawei can play the role of an ONU: – UA5000 Universal Access Unit (the UA5000 for short) – PV8 frames (PV8-6, PV8-10 or PV8-12) 1-2



– RSP frames (RSP-6, RSP-10, RSP-12 or RSP-14) z

Optical transmission system

In the HONET solution, the OptiX or Metro optical transmission solution of Huawei is used. Other standard optical transmission systems are also supported. z

NMS

In the HONET solution, the iManager N2000 Fixed Network Integrated Management System of Huawei (the iManager N2000 for short) is used as the network management system (NMS) to manage both the network and network elements. The following chapters describe in detail the composition of the HONET system.

1.2.3 System Architecture The HONET may consist of both the MD5500 and the UA5000 to build up a two-layer access network. It may also use only the UA5000 to build up a single-layer access network together with the local exchanges, ATM switches or the routers.

I. Two-layer networking In the two-layer networking mode, the HONET consists of the MD5500, the UA5000, the OptiX or Metro optical transmission system and the iManager N2000 NMS. See Figure 1–2. HONET

Network side

UA5000 PSTN

POTS 2B+D

MD5500

64kbit/s

DDN

V.35/V.24 OptiX/Metro

ATM

IP

Subscriber side

E1

xDSL

Ethernet UA5000

10Base-T

Analog telephone Digital telephone

Router DDN node

modem Computer

iManager N2000

Figure 1–2 HONET overall structure (two-layer) The MD5500 is located at the central office side and the UA5000 is located at the user side. The MD5500 transmits the services from the UA5000 to different target networks such as PSTN, DDN, ATM and IP backbone networks.

1-3



II. Single-layer networking In the single-layer networking mode the HONET is composed of the UA5000, optical transmission system (optional) and the iManager N2000 NMS. See Figure 1–3. Network side

HONET

Subscriber side POTS

PSTN

2B+D UA5000

Analog telephone Digital telephone

64kbit/s V.35/V.24

DDN

E1

ATM

Router DDN Node

xDSL

IP

modem

10Base-T

Ethernet

Computer

iManager N2000

Figure 1–3 HONET overall structure (single layer) In the figure, the UA5000 sends the narrowband services to the Local Exchange (LE) through V5 interfaces, and transmits the broadband services to the metropolitan area network through its ATM or IP ports.

1.3 Major Service Offerings 1.3.1 Traditional Voice Services The HONET supports the following voice-related functions: z

Supports V5.2 and V5.1 interfaces to connect LE.

z

Supports Layer-2 and Layer-3 signaling tracing of V5 interface.

z

Provides POTS ports to connect the analog subscribers or PBXs.

z

Provides ISDN BRI and ISDN PRI ports to connect digital subscribers.

z

Provides FXO ports to connect the PBXs.

z

Supports A/µ law, polarity reversal, 16/12KC, and interface gain setting for its POTS ports.

z

Supports line test of POTS and ISDN subscribers.

1-4



1.3.2 NGN-Oriented Voice Services Integrating AG and SoftSwitch, HONET provides Voice over IP (VoIP), Fax over IP (FoIP) and Modem over IP (MoIP) services. These services are described as follows. z

Provides VoIP service for POTS subscribers.

z

Supports PSTN services, complementary services and intelligent services through SoftSwitch.

z

Supports IP Fax service, T.30 protocol based Fax function and G.711 based transparent transmission for Fax service.

z

Supports G.711 based transparent transmission for Modem service.

1.3.3 Broadband Access Services The HONET supports broadband access services through its ADSL, ADSL2+, VDSL and Ethernet ports. The features are as follows. z

Supports PPPoEoA, IPoA and IPoEoA network access modes for ADSL, ADSL2+ and VDSL subscribers.

z

In the two-layer networking, the MD5500 provides different upstream ports to connect different backbone networks. The broadband upstream modes include two modes: – Supports Layer-2 transparent transmission at the MD5500 side to transmit subscriber services directly to upper layer equipment such as the broadband remote access server (BRAS), Layer-3 switch and router. – Supports static and dynamic routing (RIP II and OSPF) at the MD5500 side, and implements Layer-3 packet forwarding to establish connection with the backbone network.

z

In the single-layer networking, the UA5000 sends the broadband services directly to the ATM switches or routers through its main control board APM or IPM.

1.3.4 Broadband/Narrowband Leased Line Services The HONET provides complete leased line interconnection function to satisfy the enterprise user’s demand for leased line service. It provides the following leased line interconnection functions:

1-5



I. DDN leased line z

Provides DDN subscriber interfaces including E1, V.35, V.24 and SHDSL at the UA5000 side.

z

Provides E1 and V.35 ports to connect DDN Node at the MD5500 side.

II. CES leased line z

Provides E1 (UDT, SDT) and V.35 ports to connect narrowband DDN equipment.

z

Realizes CES through AAL1-encapsulated ATM connections to send services upstream to ATM network.

z

Serves as a DDN convergence node using its CES function.

III. LAN interconnection z

Provides Ethernet ports.

z

Supports RFC1483B Protocol to implement inter-LAN Layer-2 transparent transmission through ATM Permanent Virtual Connections (PVCs).

IV. Common 2-wire/4-wire VF leased line Establishes voice or data service interconnection for leased line subscribers.

1.4 External Interfaces 1.4.1 Service Interfaces Table 1–1 lists the service interfaces provided by the MD5500. Table 1–1 Service interfaces provided by the MD5500 Interface

Connects…

V5.2/V5.1

LE

ISDN PRI (30B+D)

Data terminal

2 Mbit/s leased line (E1)

DDN equipment

CES E1

DDN equipment

ATM E1

ATM network equipment

ATM E3


IMA E1


IMA E1


STM-1/STM-4


FE/GE

IP network equipment

1-6



Table 1–2 lists the service interfaces provided by the UA5000. Table 1–2 Service interfaces provided by the UA5000 Interface

Connects…

Network interface STM-1/STM-4


2 Mbit/s leased line (E1)

DDN network equipment

ATM E3


IMA E1


CES E1

DDN network equipment

FE/GE

IP network equipment

Subscriber interface POTS

Common telephone

V.35/V.24

Data terminal

ISDN BRI 2B+D

Digital telephone or data terminal

ISDN PRI 30B+D

Data terminal

2B1Q

MTA

E1

Router

E&M trunk

E&M trunk interconnection equipment

FXO

Private Branch Exchange (PBX)

2-wire/4-wire VF

Leased line modem or VF telephone

SHDSL

SHDSL modem

ADSL

ADSL modem

ADSL2+

ADSL2+ modem

VDSL

VDSL modem

10/100Base-T

LAN Switch or PC

1.4.2 Maintenance Interfaces Both the MD5500 and the UA5000 provide multiple maintenance interfaces to maintain the device locally, remotely or in a centralized manner. These interfaces are provided at the front panel of the main control board.

1-7



I. Local maintenance serial port Both the MD5500 and the UA5000 provide a local maintenance port. This port uses RJ-45 connector. It provides an RS-232 serial port through a special cable. The other end of the cable is a DB-9 connector connecting a computer for daily maintenance, commissioning or troubleshooting.

II. Remote maintenance serial port Both the MD5500 and the UA5000 provide a remote maintenance serial port. Physically, this port shares the same serial port with the local maintenance port. It uses RJ-45 connector. It provides an RS-232 serial port through a special cable. The other end of the cable is a DB-9 connector connecting a modem directly.

III. Network management interface Both the MD5500 and the UA5000 provide a network management interface. The interface uses RJ-45 connector. It provides an auto-negotiating 10/100 Mbit/s Ethernet electrical port through a category-5 twisted cable. It can be connected with a maintenance computer directly, or a computer through LAN for centralized network management.

IV. Environment monitoring interface Both the MD5500 and the UA5000 provide an environment monitoring interface. The environment monitoring interface uses RJ-45 connector for connection with the environment monitoring equipment (such as an environment monitoring board, power monitoring module and environment monitoring box) to monitor and control the environment status (such as temperature and humidity) and power state (voltage, battery, and so on). When there is an active/standby switchover of the main control boards, the corresponding active/standby switchover of the environment monitoring interfaces on the boards will also be triggered. The MD5500 monitors the fan frames as well.

1.4.3 BITS Interface The MD5500 provides two Building Integrated Timing Supply System (BITS) clock interfaces to connect BITS equipment for acquiring high precision clock. The BITS interface supports 2 Mbit/s and 2 MHz clock inputs. It has clock detection and switchover functions.

1-8



1.5 System Features Making full use of technical advantages of Huawei in the fields of broadband and narrowband, the HONET provides customers with the operable and manageable carrier-class equipment that is integrated with complete services, convenient maintenance and reliable operation features.

1.5.1 Narrowband and Broadband Integrated Platform The HONET integrated platform makes full use of circuit switching and packet switching technologies to support both narrowband and broadband services. The narrowband and broadband services share the same main control and switching component, subscriber line resources, transmission system, cabinet, frames, network management system and power supply system. The narrowband and broadband service boards are slot-compatible, which can be configured flexibly to meet different requirements of different scenarios.

1.5.2 Powerful Processing Capability Making full use of TDM, ATM and IP technologies, the HONET features powerful processing capability on voice services, broadband access services as well as broadband/narrowband leased line interconnection services. The major features are as follows. z

Provides a 16k x 16k TDM switching fabric.

z

Supports V5.1 and V5.2 protocols.

z

Provides a 5 Gbit/s non-blocking packet switching fabric, and supports Virtual Channel (VC)/Virtual Path (VP) switching.

z

Supports four ATM service types, including Constant Bit Rate (CBR), real time Variable Bit Rate (rt-VBR), non-real time Variable Bit Rate (nrt-VBR) and Unspecified Bit Rate (UBR).

z

Provides efficient Quality of Service (QoS) by supporting such functions as Connection Admission Control (CAC), flow management, congestion control, queue management, priority scheduling and traffic shaping.

z

Supports Operation and Maintenance (OAM) function to provide OAM loop, continuity check, error indication and performance monitoring for all connections.

z

Implements Layer-3 forwarding for IPoA and IPoEoA subscribers through the IPU board.

z

Supports local IP address allocation and RADIUS IP allocation.

z

Supports IP routing and forwarding function by static route or Routing Information Protocol II (RIP II) and Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) dynamic routing protocols.

1-9

Technical Manual HONET Integrated Services Access Network z


Supports POTS and ISDN services with a maximum capacity of 48, 000 traditional voice subscribers.

z

Supports VoIP services with a maximum capacity of 5, 000 VoIP subscribers.

z

Supports ADSL/ADSL2+ services with a maximum capacity of 8, 000 ports.

z

Supports VDSL services with a maximum capacity of 8, 000 ports.

z

Supports subscriber access, service distribution and network interworking for LAN, FR and DDN leased line subscribers.

1.5.3 Abundant Subscriber/Network Interfaces The HONET provides various subscriber/network interfaces to satisfy the needs for different applications. They include the followings: z

PSTN network interface: V5.1 and V5.2 interfaces

z

DDN interface: V.35 (Nx64 kbit/s (N=1-31)) and E1 ports

z

ATM user/network interface: E1, IMA E1, ATM E3, STM-1, and STM-4 ports

z

IP network interface: FE and GE ports

z

Voice subscriber interface: POTS, ISDN BRI, ISDN PRI and FXO ports

z

Broadband subscriber interface: ADSL (G.DMT), ADSL (G.LITE), ADSL2+, Ethernet, SHDSL and VDSL ports

z

Narrowband data

leased

line

interface:

V.24 (2.4/4.8/9.6/19.2

kbit/s),

V.35 (N x 64 kbit/s (N=1-31)), E1, SHDSL, VF and 2-wire/4-wire E&M ports z

CES interface: E1 (SDT, UDT) and V.35 ports

z

LAN interface: 10/100 Mbit/s auto-negotiating Ethernet port

1.5.4 Highly Scalable System There are multiple ways to expand system capacity of the UA5000. The UA5000 can be subtended through IMA E1, ATM E3 or STM-1 ATM ports to form link, star and tree network topologies. This offers flexible choices to extend backbone network to subscribers and enhances the system expandability. The highly scalable system protects the previous investment effectively.

1.5.5 Self-Healing Built-in VP Ring Networking The HONET supports built-in VP Ring networking. The core of VP Ring technology is to transport multiple services over a single system. It simplifies the network structure and saves the optical fiber resources to reduce the transmission cost. z

The narrowband and broadband services are transmitted over the same pair of fibers. The QoS is guaranteed, and the bandwidth for broadband service can be dynamically allocated.

1-10



The transmission system uses imbedded device without additional transmission equipment. This brings low overall cost, easy engineering and convenient maintenance.

z

The VP Ring networking solves the problem of using excessive fiber resources in the case of direct fiber networking. It also tackles the problem of protection-absence in the case of star networking topology.

z

Its switchover protection mechanism ensures the service stability.

1.5.6 Flexible Networking Mode The HONET supports two-layer and one-layer networking modes. z

The two-layer networking refers to the two-layer networking. The UA5000 provides various interfaces to support the access of different services. The MD5500 converges and distributes the services sent from the UA5000. This networking mode is capable of supporting large number of subscribers. It is used widely.

z

The one-layer networking refers to the single-layer networking. The UA5000 sends the narrowband services to the LE through V5 interfaces, and transmits the broadband services to the MAN through ATM or IP ports. This networking mode is applicable to the scenarios that have few access nodes and each node has a relatively small amount of subscribers.

These two networking modes support ATM and IP upstream. They are adaptive to different networks.

1.5.7 Broad Range of ONU Portfolio The application environment of access network is rather complex. The network equipment is hence required to be environment-adaptive and of various capacities. The HONET provides a wide range of ONU models to satisfy different requirements. z

ONUs with the capacities ranging from tens of lines to thousands of lines.

z

Indoor and outdoor ONUs to be used in different environments including friendly and severe ones such as torrid and cold places.

z

ONUs of different sizes and shapes (rack or desktop) and of different access modes (front-access or rear-access) to meet different installation and maintenance requirements.

1-11



The specifications of the ONUs are listed in Table 1–3. Table 1–3 Main specifications of ONU cabinets Model

Type

Max. subscriber fames

Max. subscribers (POTS)

Max. subscribers (ADSL)

ONU60A

Indoor, case-shape

1

64

16

F02A-D-32

Indoor, 19-inch

3

1120

560

F02A-D-32 large-capacity

Indoor, 19-inch

5

1952

912

F02A-U-32

Indoor, integrated, 19-inch

2

704

352

F02AF-D-32

Indoor, front access, 19-inch

3

1152

544

F01D-100

Outdoor, access

front

1

192

96

F01D-200

Outdoor, access

front

1

288

160

F01D-500

Outdoor, access

front

2

736

352

F01D-1000

Outdoor, access

front

3

1152

544

* The “integrated” here means the type of ONU has built-in main distribution frame and power supply system.

1.5.8 Outstanding Compatibility Powered by the accumulative technology advantages, the HONET features outstanding compatibility. It has been successfully interconnected with a large amount of LEs, ATM switches, DDN nodes, IP routers and various terminals at user side.

1.5.9 Carrier-Class Reliability The HONET is designed with high reliability in respect of software and hardware. The main control system, switching fabric, clock system and power system all adopt the redundancy backup design. The ring network topology it supports has self-healing function. The major features of the system concerning reliability are as follows: z

Adopts 1+1 hot backup for the main control board. During the active/standby switchover, services will not be interrupted.

1-12



Adopts dual-plane switching fabric structure for the switching fabric unit. The switchover of switching planes adopts the output-port-based data packet error detection and selection technology, which is implemented by the main control module according to the statistical results of the switching channel faults.

z

Provides the synchronous dual-plane high-precision line clock unit. It selects flexible clock synchronization reference (including reference derived from TDM line, ATM line and BITS clock source), provides enhanced Stratum-3 port synchronization clock, and provides monitoring alarm for every synchronous clock line.

z

Provides redundant fan configuration, intelligent control and alarm reporting functions.

z

Adopts redundancy (N+1 hot backup) design for primary power supply. Provides load-sharing, real-time monitoring and alarm functions. The functional module adopts distributed power supply mode to achieve high reliability.

z

Employs modular and platform design for the software system.

z

Follows strictly Capability Maturity Model (CMM) software development process.

z

Takes into consideration the abnormality processing ability required by carrier-class products to ensure high system reliability.

1.5.10 Excellent Maintenance and Monitoring I. Excellent environment and power monitoring function The HONET provides outstanding environment and power monitoring function. It implements real-time monitoring over the environment and power systems at both central office end and the far end. The monitoring information includes the followings: z

Ambient temperature and humidity inside the cabinet

z

Door access control status

z

Main distribution frame status

z

Primary power status

z

Power module status

z

Power voltage

z

Power current

z

Fan status

z

Battery even/float charging management

Besides, the HONET provides external monitoring interfaces to monitor other desired environment parameters or power parameters.

1-13



II. Multiple maintenance approaches The HONET provides multiple maintenance ways such as local maintenance, remote maintenance and centralized maintenance. It provides excellent alarm, test, diagnosis and tracing functions to facilitate routine system maintenance and management. The major features are as follows. z

Supports command line and SNMP network management modes.

z

Supports both the IP network remote maintenance and the remote modem dial-up maintenance.

z

Supports real-time reporting of fault alarm and running information, and alarm management.

z

Supports narrowband line test.

z

Provides excellent OAM functions, such as the interface loopback and diagnosis functions.

z

Provides real-time tracing on Layer-2 and Layer-3 important processes of V5 interface.

z

Supports online loading and online patching.

1.5.11 Integrated NMS The HONET can be managed by the Huawei iManager N2000. Based on principle and structure of telecommunication management network (TMN), the iManager N2000 provides comprehensive equipment maintenance and network management functions. It maintains the equipment in a user-friendly graphic interface. It can connect the network management center through multiple kinds of interfaces. The HONET supports inband and outband network management modes. The iManager N2000 can manage the HONET, broadband access equipment and data communication equipment seamlessly in an integrated manner.

1.5.12 NGN-Oriented Integrated Services Access Platform The NGN carries and switches services on the basis of IP technologies and utilizes open network architecture to integrate all kinds of services. As the development of NGN technologies and IP backbone network construction, NGN is approaching. However, the existing networks will still operate for a long time. Therefore, how to interwork legacy networks and the NGN and how to avoid redundant investment have become the major concerns of carriers and manufacturers. Both the MD5500 and the UA5000 can act as the Access Gateway (AG) in the NGN. This enables the HONET to meet various requirements during the NGN migration process of the access network.

1-14


Chapter 2 System Composition

Chapter 2 System Composition 2.1 HONET Software Structure Figure 2–1 shows the software structure of the HONET system. The HONET software consists of board software and host software.

NMS

Serial port terminal

Inband/outband

Telnet

Serial port connection Inband/outband

HOST software

Communication control bus

Board software 1

Board software 2

...

Board software softwareN

HONET Software Architecture

Figure 2–1 HONET software architecture

I. Board software Board software runs on a service board. It drives the board and implements service management, data management, alarm management and diagnosis for the board.

II. Host software Host software runs on the main control board. It consists of four planes as shown in Figure 2–2. The name and functions of each plane are as follows: z

System support plane: It drives the system hardware.

z

System service plane: It provides basic services for the software running. Its fundamental module is the operating system. 2-1



System management plane: It provides users with means to manage the device and services.

z

Service control plane: It interprets user commands and provides various services. This plane consists of three parts: voice control sub-plane, ATM control sub-plane and IP control sub-plane. Service control plane System management plane

ATM control subplane

IP control subplane

System support plane

Voice control subplane

System service plane

Figure 2–2 Host software structure

2.2 Introduction to the MD5500 The MD5500 is located at the central office end. It provides various network interfaces to send the traffic to the upper layer network.

2.2.1 Logical Structure Figure 2–3 shows the logical structure of the MD5500. The MD5500 consists of the following: z

Main control module,

z

TDM/ATM switching module

z

Packet voice processing module

z

TDM, ATM and IP service processing modules

2-2



To iManager N2000

Main control module


TDM switching module

ATM switching module

TDM bus Low speed cell bus High speed cell bus

V5

E1

TDM service processing module

IMA E1

ATM E3

STM-1/4

VP Ring

ATM service processing module

To PSTN and DDN

To ATM

FE/GE IP service processing module

To IP

Figure 2–3 MD5500 logical structure The main control module, the TDM switching module and the ATM switching module are the core of the system. The main control module controls and manages the whole HONET system. The TDM switching module implements narrowband services switching through the TDM switching fabric. The ATM switching module implements broadband services switching through the ATM switching fabric. The packet voice processing module accomplishes TDM service packetization. There are two packetization modes. One is to convert the TDM data flow into ATM cells; the other is to convert the voice traffic flow into IP packets. In the second mode, the system supports H.248 protocol. The TDM, ATM and IP service processing modules can provide upstream ports to connect network-side equipment or downstream ports to connect remote ONUs.

2.2.2 Frame Structure The MD5500 has two models, the MD5500B and the MD5500G.

2-3



I. MD5500B The MD5500B is a 10U frame, including one 1U fan frame. The frame fits the 19-inch cabinet. The MD5500B has a multi-bus high speed backplane, which provides 16 slots. Slots 7 and 8 are for the main control board (ASXA), which manages the service boards and implements service configuration and switching functions. Other slots are for service boards, which provide various service interfaces. A low speed service board can be installed in any of the slots (except slots 7 and 8). A high speed service board can only be installed in slots 9 to 15. All boards are hot swappable and the service boards can be flexibly configured. Section “2.2.4 Supported Boards” provides more information about service boards. Figure 2–4 shows the structure of the MD5500B frame. FAN 07

Service Board

Service Board

Service Board

Service Board

Service Board

Service Board

Service Board

08

A A S S X X

09

10

11

12

13

14

15

Service Board

06

Service Board

05

Service Board

04

Service Board

03

Service Board

02

Service Board

01

Service Board

00

ASX: Main control board. For the MD5500B, it is ASXA; for the MD5500G, it is ASXB

Figure 2–4 MD5500 frame structure

II. MD5500G The MD5500G is developed on the basis of the MD5500B. It adopts large TDM capacity backplane and ASXB as its main control board. It provides 16k x 16k TDM switch fabric. The MD5500G and the MD5500B have the same size and structure.

2.2.3 Frame Hardware Design Figure 2–5 shows the hardware design of the MD5500. 2-4



The backplane of the MD5500 has three buses. The functions of respective bus are as follows: z

High speed cell bus is responsible for the communication of high speed service boards such as AIC, IPU and EPU.

z

Low speed cell bus is responsible for the communication of low speed service boards such as CESH, EA16, AIUA, IMU and VPU.

z

TDM bus is responsible for the communication of boards such as CESH, DT16, MSUC and VPU, which handle TDM services.

The main control board ASX connects all three buses. It manages various service boards. Low speed interface

Maintenance network interface / serial port Environment monitoring interface

A S X

C E S H

A S X

E A 16

D T 16

M S U C TDM bus Low speed cell bus High speed cell bus

A I C A

I P U

A I U A

E P U

High speed interface

I M U

V P U

Low speed interface

Figure 2–5 MD5500 hardware structure

2.2.4 Supported Boards The boards used in the MD5500 include the main control board and the service board. The main control board can be ASXA or ASXB. It is installed in slot 7 or slot 8. It can be dual configured to work in active/standby mode. The service board includes high speed service board and low speed service board. A high speed service board can be installed in any of slots 9 to 15. A low speed service board can be installed in any slot except slots 7 and 8. Table 2–1 lists details about all boards used in the MD5500.

2-5



Table 2–1 List of boards used in the MD5500 Category

Name

Function

Description

ASXA

Main control and switching combo board

It controls all service boards, and provides 5G non-blocking ATM switch fabric and 4Kx4K TDM switch fabric. It is used in the MD5500B.

ASXB

Main control and switching combo board

The functions of the ASXB are the same as that of the ASXA. The difference between them lies in the capacity of TDM switch fabric. The ASXB provides 16Kx16K TDM switch fabric. It is used in the MD5500G.

AICA

ATM high speed interface board

It can provide various ATM ports including 155 Mbit/s optical ports, 622 Mbit/s optical ports and 155 Mbit/s electrical ports.

IPU

IP service processing board

It can provide eight FE ports or one GE port.

EPU

Ethernet service processing board

It implements layer 2 transparent transmission of broadband services. It can provide eight FE ports or one GE port.

VPU

VoIP service processing board

It converts TDM voice into IP packets and transmit them to the IP network through the FE port. It provides one FE port.

CESH

E1 circuit emulation board

It supports SDT (N×64k) UDTCES services and ATM UNI services. It provides 16 E1 ports.

EA16

E1 ATM UNI interface board

It supports the access of E1 trunk services. It provides 16 E1 ATM UNI ports.

DT16

Trunk-only E1 interface board

It supports E1 trunk function, and supports HDLC. It provides 16 E1 ports.

MSUC

STM-1 interface board

It provides two STM-1 ports to access high density E1 services.

AIUA

ATM low speed interface board

It can provide eight E1 ports or two E3 ports for remote subtending.

IMU

IMA protocol processing board

It supports transmitting ATM cells over E1 links at ATM UNI/IMA mode. It implements IMA protocol processing. It provides 16 E1 ports.

Main control board

High speed service board

Low speed service board

2.2.5 Peripheral Devices I. Power supply system The MD5500 can use the PS4845/15 (220 V/110 V) or –48 V DC power distribution frame as required to supply power to the whole system. 1)

PS4845/15 (220 V/110 V) power system

2-6



The PS4845/15 (220 V/110 V) is a front-access frame. It is a 3U frame. It fits the 19-inch cabinet. The system consists of rectifier module, monitoring module and power distribution module. The rectifier module uses embedded fans for heat dissipation. The power system is cabled at its front. The PS4845/15 (220 V/110 V) power system provides reliable system power supply, DC distribution function, powerful monitoring function over environment and power supply and outstanding battery management function. 2)

DC power distribution frame

When powered by –48 V power supply, the OLT cabinet needs to be equipped with an imbedded DC power distribution frame. There are two types of DC power distribution frames. One is rear-access and the other is front-access. Both of them are 19-inch frames of 2U height. A DC power distribution frame provides two –48 V DC power inputs and four power outputs with a maximum power of 3500 W.

II. Power supply and environment monitoring unit Designed with powerful environment monitoring function, the HONET can monitor the environment parameters inside/outside the OLT and ONU cabinets, power supply and fans. The monitoring function enables unattended maintenance for the equipment room. At the OLT side, the environment monitoring units include: z

Power supply and environment monitoring unit

z

Power distribution frame monitoring unit

z

Fan frame monitoring unit

1)

Power supply and environment monitoring unit

The PS4845/15 power supply and environment monitoring unit monitors the working status of all rectifier modules and power distribution module, and manages the battery. It has powerful environment monitoring function. This unit communicates with the MD5500 through a serial port. z

Environment monitoring: The unit monitors temperature, humidity, cable distribution frame and door access control. It also provides 5 backup analog input interfaces and 12 backup digital input interfaces. These interfaces can be connected with external sensors through extended interfaces to monitor the fan running state, battery temperature, smoke, door status and water.

z

Module switch control: The unit can start or shut down a rectifier module.

z

Battery management: The unit performs power ON/OFF management to the load or the battery, charging and current limiting management to the battery based on the monitored voltage.

z

Power supply monitoring: The unit can monitor parameters of the power distribution module and rectifier module of the power system, including – AC input voltage – DC output voltage – Total load current 2-7



– Current of battery group – Circuit breaker status – Load power-off status – Battery power-off status – Working status of rectifier module 2)

Power distribution frame monitoring unit

The DC power distribution frame has a built-in monitoring unit. The unit communicates with the MD5500 through a serial port to monitor the power states of the power distribution frame, as well as the environment around the power distribution frame through the temperature and humidity sensors and external digital sensors. z

Lightning protection detection: The monitoring unit provides an optical coupling isolation detecting interface for monitoring the state of the lightning protection components.

z

Voltage detection: The monitoring unit detects the voltage of the –48 V power inputs of the standard power distribution frame, and reports the voltage values. When overvoltage or undervoltage occurs to any input, the unit will generate alarms.

z

Shunt switch detection: The monitoring unit performs detection for four outputs of the power distribution frame. If the shunt switch is disconnected, the unit will generate alarms.

z

Environment monitoring: The monitoring unit monitors temperature and humidity in the power distribution frame, and provides eight digital interfaces for external sensors to monitor the status of water, door access control and main distribution frame.

z

Local audio and visual alarm: On the panel of the monitoring unit, there are Light Emitting Diode (LED) indicators that denote the running states and the existence of alarms, and a buzzer that makes audio alarm when there is a new alarm.

3)

Fan frame monitoring unit

The HONET can communicate with the fan frame through the backplane of the MD5500 to monitor one or more fan frames at the same time. The fan frame has a built-in monitoring unit that monitors the running status of a fan. When any fault occurs to the fan, the unit will generate an alarm. The monitoring unit executes commands delivered by the MD5500 to control the fans and perform alarm setting (for example, speed adjustment and fan alarm control). The monitoring unit can keep the voltage of the power supply to fans within the allowable range, thus ensuring that the fans can work reliably for a long term.

2-8



2.3 Introduction to the UA5000 and Other ONUs The ONU is the remote equipment of the HONET system. It is located at the subscriber side. It provides subscribers with various service interfaces, processes optical signals and provides optical trunk function as well.

2.3.1 Logical Structure There is a variety of ONUs in the HONET system. Here we take the UA5000 as an example to describe their logical structure. The UA5000 consists of following modules: z

TDM control and switching module

z

Packet control and switching module

z


z

Network interface module

z

Service interface module

See Figure 2–6.

TDM control and switching module


Packet control and switching module

TDM bus High speed bus

STM-1 VP Ring ATM E3 IMA E1 Network FE/GE interface module E1

POTS ISDN

V.24 V.35

Nx64k E1 TDM SHDSL

ADSL ADSL2+ VDSL ATM SHDSL

Ethernet

Service interface module

Figure 2–6 UA5000 logical structure z

The TDM control and switching module implements the switching and convergence of narrowband services through the TDM switching fabric.

z

The packet control and switching module implements the switching and convergence of broadband services through the packet switching fabric.

z

The packet voice processing module converts TDM data flow into ATM cells; or it converts the TDM data flow into IP packets.

z

The network interface module provides various network interfaces including ATM STM-1, ATM E3, V5, TDM E1, IMA E1, VP ring, FE and GE ports.

z

The service interface module provides various service interfaces including POTS, ISDN BRI (2B+D), ISDN (30B+D), V.24 sub-rate, V.24/V.35 64 kbit/s, V.35/FE1 2-9



Nx64 kbit/s, E1, ADSL, ADSL2+, VDSL, SHDSL (TDM/ATM), 10Base-T, 2/4-wire VF and E&M trunk interfaces.

2.3.2 Frame Structure The HONET provides a broad range of ONUs for applications in different scenarios. The differences among these ONUs lie in application site (indoor and outdoor), specifications (cabinet-shape and case-shape), cabling mode (front-access and rear-access) and capacity (large capacity and small capacity). The UA5000 includes five types of frames to fit different cabinets. They are UAM, UAS, UAFM, UAFS and UAFX. This section focuses on the ONU frames. For details about the boards used in these frames, refer to section “2.3.4 Supported Boards”. Table 2–2 lists the ONU frame specifications. Table 2–2 ONU frame specifications Max. service board slots

Name

Applicable in

Type

UAM

9

19-inch cabinet

Master frame

UAS

13

19-inch cabinet

Slave frame

UAFM

10

19-inch cabinet, F01D200 / Front-access master frame F01D500 / F01D1000 cabinet

UAFS

13

19-inch cabinet, F01D200 / Front-access slave frame F01D500 / F01D1000 cabinet

UAFX

6

F01D100 cabinet

Front-access

PV8-6

5

ONU-160B

–

PV8-10

11

19-inch cabinet

Master frame

PV8-12

12

19-inch cabinet

Master frame

RSP-6

5

ONU-160B

–

RSP-10

11

19-inch cabinet

Slave frame

RSP-12

12

19-inch cabinet

Slave frame

RSP-14

14

19-inch cabinet

Slave frame, support only one power supply board

2-10



I. UAM The UAM is a 6U frame. It fits the 19-inch cabinet. It uses a multi-bus backplane to implement equipment control and to provide subscriber interfaces. The UAM frame is the control center. It performs service convergence for slave frames if these frames are configured. The UAM frame supports hot standby for narrowband main control board and broadband main control board through respective dual-board configuration. It supports load-sharing configuration for secondary power supply board through dual-board configuration. The UAM frame supports both broadband and narrowband service boards. If the UAM frame is configured with only one secondary power supply board, it provides up to nine slots for service boards. The UAM supports intermixed configuration for narrowband and broadband service boards. The boards used in the UAM frame are of 6U height. Figure 2–7 shows the structure of the UAM frame. 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08

P W X

09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

A I T X X X X X H P P X X U X X X P S S S S S S W V V P P / S S S W S L L L L L C X X M M X L L L X S L

PWX: Secondary power supply board XSL: Service board AIU: ATM interface board

TSS: Test board PVX: Narrowband main control board (PV8 or PVU) XPM: Broadband main control board (APM or IPM)

Figure 2–7 UAM frame structure

Note: A PWX board occupies the space of two slots. If you install a PWX board in slot 17, slot 16 will be unavailable; or you can install a service board in slot 16.

II. UAS The UAS is a 6U frame. It fits the 19-inch cabinet. It uses a multi-bus backplane. It can be equipped with narrowband and broadband service boards at the same time. It can

2-11



work under the control of UAM frame or work independently. If an ONU is only required to provide broadband service, you can configure the ONU with a UAS frame only, and connect it with the MD5500. The UAS can be equipped with two narrowband main control boards and one broadband main control board. These two narrowband main control boards (RSP) operate in load-sharing and mutual-aid mode. The UAS provides 13 service board slots. Among them, slot 17 supports narrowband service board only, while other slots are compatible for both narrowband and broadband service boards. Figure 2–8 shows the structure of the UAS frame. 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08

P W X

09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

T X X X X X H R R X X X X X X X S S S S S S W S S P S S S S S S S L L L L L C P P M L L L L L L

PWX: Secondary power supply board TSS: Test board XSL: Service board RSP: Narrowband Main control board XPM: Broadband main control board (APM or IPM)

Figure 2–8 UAS frame structure

III. UAFM The UAFM is an 11U frame. It fits the 19-inch cabinet. It supports hot standby for narrowband main control board and broadband main control board through respective dual-board configuration. The UAFM supports load-sharing configuration for secondary power supply board through dual-board configuration. If only one secondary power supply board is configured, there are 10 slots available for service boards. The UAFM supports intermixed configuration for narrowband and broadband service boards. The boards used in the UAFM frame are of 6U height. Figure 2–9 shows the structure of the UAFM frame.

2-12



H H

PWR W W IO C C 00

01 02 03 04 05 06 07

P W X

Cabling Area

08 09 10 11 12

13 14 15 16 17

A I T X X P P U X X X X X X X X X P S P P V V / S S S S S S S S S W S M M X X X L L L L L L L L L X S L

FAN PWX: Secondary power supply board XPM: Broadband main control board (APM or IPM) PVX: Narrowband main control board (PV8 or PVU)

TSS: Test board XSL: Service board AIU: ATM interface board

Figure 2–9 UAFM frame structure


IV. UAFS The UAFS is an 11U frame. It fits the 19-inch cabinet. It can be equipped with two narrowband main control boards and one broadband main control board for slave frame. These two narrowband main control boards operate in load-sharing and mutual-aid mode. The UAFS provides 13 service board slots. Among them, slot 17 supports narrowband service board only, while other slots are compatible for both narrowband and broadband service boards Figure 2–10 shows the structure of the UAFS frame.

2-13



PWR IO

Cabling Area

00

08 09 10 11 12

01 02 03 04 05 06 07

P W X

13 14 15 16 17

X R R X X X X X X X X X X X X X P S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S M P P L L L L L L L L L L L L L

FAN PWX: Secondary power supply board XPM: Broadband main control board (APM or IPM)

RSP: Narrowband main control board XSL: Service board

Figure 2–10 UAFS frame structure

V. UAFX The UAFX fits the ONU-F01D100 cabinet. The UAFX integrates AC/DC 4810 module and DC/DC 4805 module. It supports dual-board configuration of narrowband main control board in hot standby mode. The UAFX provides up to six service board slots. These service board slots are compatible for both narrowband and broadband service boards. Figure 2–11 shows the structure of the UAFX frame.

2-14


4 8 0 5

4 8 1 0


E S C

Cabling Area

00

01 02 03 04 05 06 07

08 09

T X P P X X X X X X S P V V S S S S S S S M X X L L L L L L

PWR IO

FAN ESC: Environment monitoring & power supervision board XPM: Broadband main control board (APM or IPM) PVX: Narrowband main control board (PV8 or PVU) XSL: Service board AIU: ATM interface board 4805/4810: Power supply board

Figure 2–11 UAFX frame structure

VI. PV8-6 The PV8-6 frame fits the outdoor ONU-160B cabinet. It can be equipped with five narrowband service boards and one plug-in SDH device ASU. Figure 2–12 shows the structure of the PV8-6 frame. 00 01 02 03 04 05 06

07

T A X X X X X P S S S S S S S V S U L L L L L 8

TSS: Test board XSL: Narrowband service board

ASU: SDH transmission board PV8: Narrowband main control board

Figure 2–12 PV8-6 frame structure

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VII. PV8-10 The PV8-10 is 6U frame. It fits the 19-inch cabinet. It can subtend eight RSP-14 slave frames through differential Highway (HW) cables. The HW interfaces are provided by the HW level conversion board HWC. The PV8-10 provides also testing utilities for the RSP frames. The PV8-10 frame provides up to 11 narrowband service board slots when it is configured with one PWX board. Figure 2–13 shows the structure of PV8-10 frame. 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08

P W X

09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

T X X X X X H P P X X X X X X P S S S S S S W V V S S S S S S W S L L L L L C 8 8 L L L L L L X

PWX: Secondary power supply board XSL: Narrowband service board PV8: Narrowband main control board

TSS: Test board HWC: HW level conversion board



VIII. PV8-12 The PV8-12 is a 6U frame. It fits the 19-inch cabinet. It can subtend eight RSP-12 slave frames. When there are more than four subtending RSP frames, the HWT subboard is attached to the PV8 board to provide differential HW interfaces. The PV8-12 frame provides up to 12 narrowband service board slots when it is configured with one PWX board. Figure 2–14 shows the structure of PV8-12 frame.

2-16

Technical Manual HONET Integrated Services Access Network 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08

P W X

Chapter 2 System Composition 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

T X X X X X X P P X X X X X X P S S S S S S S V V S S S S S S W S L L L L L L 8 8 L L L L L L X

PWX: Secondary power supply board XSL: Narrowband service board

TSS: Test board PV8: Narrowband main control board



IX. RSP-6 The RSP-6 frame fits the outdoor ONU-160B cabinet. It can be equipped with five narrowband service boards and one plug-in SDH device ASU. Figure 2–15 shows the structure of the RSP-6 frame. 00 01 02 03 04 05 06

07

T A X X X X X R S S S S S S S S S U L L L L L P

TSS: Test board XSL: Narrowband service board

ASU: SDH transmission board RSP: Narrowband main control board

Figure 2–15 RSP-6 frame structure

2-17



X. RSP-10 The RSP-10 is a 6U frame. It fits the 19-inch cabinet. It provides up to 11 narrowband service board slots when it is configured with one PWX board. Slot 8 is reserved. Figure 2–16 shows the structure of RSP-10 frame. 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08

P W X

T X X X X X S S S S S S S L L L L L

09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

R R X X X X X X P S S S S S S S S W P P L L L L L L X


TSS: Test board RSP: Narrowband main control board



XI. RSP-12 The RSP-12 is a 6U frame. It fits the 19-inch cabinet. It provides up to 12 narrowband service board slots when it is configured with one PWX board. Figure 2–17 shows the structure of RSP-12 frame. 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08

P W X

09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

T X X X X X X R R X X X X X X P S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S W S L L L L L L P P L L L L L L X


TSS: Test board RSP: Narrowband main control board

Figure 2–17 RSP-12 frame structure 2-18




XII. RSP-14 The RSP-14 is a 6U frame. It fits the 19-inch cabinet. It provides 14 narrowband service board slots. Figure 2–18 shows the structure of RSP-14 frame. 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08

P W X

09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

X X X X X X X R R X X X X X X X S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S L L L L L L L P P L L L L L L L

PWX: Secondary power supply board RSP: Narrowband main control board

XSL: Narrowband service board


2.3.3 Frame Hardware Design I. UAM and UAFM The UAM and the UAFM are master frames of the UA5000. They are controlled by the MD5500 or connect broadband and narrowband networks directly in the single-layer networking mode. The UAM and the UAFM can connect slave frames to expand the system capacity and to share the network resources. For broadband services, they can be subtended with 4-layer broadband slave frames in serial mode. For narrowband services, they can be subtended with up to eight slave frames at star topology. The narrowband service boards transmit services of the subscriber side to the narrowband main control board (PV8) through TDM bus. After the protocol processing and time slot crossing, the PV8 sends these services to the service node. Through the

2-19



control bus, the active PV8 monitors the service boards, test board (TSS) and standby PV8. The TSS implements test function for the service boards through the test bus, reports the test results to the active PV8. The PV8 will then forward the results to the master control software of the MD5500. The broadband service boards send broadband services to the broadband main control board (APMA/IPMA). The APMA/IMPA sends the services upstream through IMA E1, ATM E3, STM-1 ATM, STM-4 VP Ring, FE or GE port. The APMA/IPMA maintains the broadband service boards. When the UA5000 acts as a component of the NGN, another type of narrowband main control board (PVM) converts the TDM signals of all narrowband service data into IP packets. The IPMA then sends these packets upstream through FE or GE ports to the IP networks along with broadband services. There is another type of broadband service boards (BSL/B08/LSL) available for the UA5000. These boards receive broadband services and transmit them to transmission system through their E1 ports. These boards are configured and maintained by the MD5500 through the inband network management channel. The broadband and narrowband service data are converged and transmitted through different lines to ensure that instant broadband large data flow will not affect the narrowband services. Figure 2–19 shows the hardware design of the master frame. STM-1 VP Ring ATM E3 STM-1 IMA E1 ATM E3 GE/FE IMA E1

FE E1

E1

APMA/IPMA

APMA/IPMA

PV8/PVM

PV8/PVM

A I U A

Differential interface

H W C

TDM bus Packet bus Test bus T S S

A S L

D S L

C S L

H S L

A D L

V D L

D E H A

B S L

Subscriber line

Figure 2–19 Hardware structure of UA5000 master frame

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II. UAS and UAFS The UAS and UAFS are slave frames of the UA5000. The slave frame handles narrowband services through its narrowband main control board (RSP). The RSP converges the received narrowband services through TDM bus and sends them upstream through Highway (HW) or E1 port. The slave frame processes broadband services through its broadband main control board (APMA/IPMA). The APMA/IPMA converges received broadband services through packet bus and sends them upstream through IMA E1, ATM E3, STM-1 ATM, STM-4 VP Ring, FE or GE port. The UA5000 slave frame can also house the broadband service boards (BSL/B08/LSL) to provide small amount of ADSL interfaces. These boards receive broadband services and transmit them to transmission system through their E1 ports. Figure 2–20 shows the hardware design of the slave frame. STM-1 VP Ring ATM E3 IMA E1 FE/GE

R S P

APMA/IPMA


E1

R S P

TDM bus Packet bus Test bus A S L

D S L

C S L

H S L

A D L

A D M

V D L

B S L

Subscriber line

Figure 2–20 Hardware structure of UA5000 slave frame

III. PV8 The PV8 frame here refers to PV8-6, PV8-10 or PV8-12 frame. A PV8 frame can subtend RSP frames to expand system capacity and share inter-frame resources. It provides 32 differential HW interfaces through the HWC board to connect up to eight RSP frames to scale up the ONU capacity. Each RSP frame consumes four or eight

2-21



HW interfaces. Since the HW resources are sufficient, the PV8 frame can share them with the extended RSP frames. The narrowband service boards process various subscriber services and transmit them to the PV8 board through the HW data bus. After the protocol processing and time slot crossing, the services are converged to the service node. Through the control bus, the active PV8 board monitors service boards, TSS board and standby PV8 board. The TSS implements test to the service boards through the test bus, reports the test results to the active PV8 board through the control bus, and forwards the results to the control software of the MD5500 in the mean time. Figure 2–21 shows the hardware design of the PV8 frame. E1

E1

P V 8

E1

P V 8

H W C


TDM bus Packet bus Test bus T S S

A S L

D S L

H S L

B S L

Subscriber line

Figure 2–21 Hardware structure of PV8 frame

IV. RSP The RSP frame here refers to RSP-6, RSP-12 or RSP-14 frame. A RSP frame can share E1 ports of the PV8 frame through HW cables, or connect the transmission unit directly through E1 ports. The RSP board converges and transmits various narrowband services from the subscriber boards to the PV8 frame through HW data bus, or to the transmission unit through E1 ports. The TSS implements the routine test for the service boards through the test bus, and reports the results to the RSP board through the control bus. Figure 2–22 shows the hardware design of the RSP frame.

2-22



E1

E1

R S P

R S P


Data bus Control bus Test bus

T S S

A S L

D S L

H S L

B S L

Subscriber line

Figure 2–22 Hardware structure of RSP frame

2.3.4 Supported Boards Table 2–3 lists the main control boards, transmission boards, monitor and test boards, power supply boards, interface boards and HW level conversion boards used in the ONU. Table 2–4 lists the service boards used in the ONU. Table 2–3 List of boards used in the ONU (I) Category

Main control board

Name

Function

Description

H601APM A

ATM service processing board of the master frame

It supports active/standby backup. It controls and switches ATM services. It has two subboard slots. The upper one can be equipped with a subboard to provide two STM-1 ports or two STM-4 ports (VP Ring). The lower one can be equipped with a subboard to provide eight ATM E1 ports, eight IMA E1 ports or two ATM E3 ports.

H601IPMA

IP service processing board of the master frame

It supports active/standby backup. It controls and switches IP services. It provides FE and GE ports for service upstream or subtending.

Packet voice processing board

It converts TDM voice signals into IP packets. It supports the processing of H.248 and MGCP protocols. A PVM board provides 64 full rate voice channels. It can be attached with a subboard to provide extra 64 or 128 full rate voice channels. It provides two FE ports for service upstream and device maintenance.

H601PVM

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Category

Name

H303PV8


Function

Description

Narrowband main control board of the master frame

Main control board

Transmission board

It is the. It controls narrowband service boards in an ONU. It provides E1 upstream ports, switch fabric and working clock for narrowband services. It supports active/standby backup. The H303PV8 board provides eight E1 ports. It also provides 32 differential highway (HW) interfaces. It can subtend RSP frame through either E1 ports or HW interfaces. One or two such boards can be installed into one frame. If there are two H303RSP boards in the frame, they shall work in the load sharing mode, and support mutual aid in case of failure of either board.

H303RSP

Narrowband main control board of the slave frame

H302ASU

Built-in SDH transmission board for PV8 or RSP frame

It integrates all functions of an SDH transmission device. It provides 2 STM-1 optical ports, 16 E1 ports, 1 order wire port, 1 RS-232 port and 1 Ethernet port. It provides three clock locking mode and is capable of full service switching.

Built-in SDH transmission board for UA5000 frame

It is the. It integrates all functions of an SDH transmission device. The H601ATUA provides 2 STM-1 optical ports and 16 E1 ports. The H601ATUB provides 2 STM-1 optical ports and 8 E1 ports. Both of them provide 1 order wire telephone port, 1 RS-232 port and 1 Ethernet port.

CC08TSS / CC09TSS

Subscriber board

It tests the analog subscriber interface (Z interface) and digital subscriber interface (U interface). The board provides two testing channels. It provides a serial port for maintenance and printing. It provides testing bus interface to interconnect with subscriber line test equipment.

H303ESC / H304ESC

Environment monitoring and power supervision board

H601ATUA

H601ATUB

test

Monitor & test board

Each H303RSP board provides four E1 ports and eight differential HW interfaces. It can converge TTL HW interfaces to E1 links or differential HW interfaces. The convergence ratio can be 1:1, 1:2 or 1:4.

It monitors the status of ambient temperature, humidity, access control, fan and power supply. It communicates with the PV8 board through serial port. The CC03PWX provides +5V/10A, –5V/5A and 75V AC/0.4A outputs. Two boards in one frame work in load sharing mode.

Power board

CC03PWX / H601PWX

Secondary power supply board

2-24

The H601PWX is improved based on the CC03PWX board by adding the reset function when a module is locked due to output over-voltage. Besides, it has the functions of auto-detection, even current, and real-time communication with background. It provides +5V/30A, –5V/10A and 75V AC/1A outputs.


Category ATM interface board

Name

H601AIUA

H301HWC Others H601HWC


Function ATM board

interface

Differential HW level conversion board

Description It provides two STM-1 port through its front panel, two ATM E3 ports or eight IMA E1 ports through its backplane. It is used for subtending of the UA5000. It is the. It provides 32 differential HW interfaces to expand HW resource of PV8 board. It is the differential HW level conversion board. It provides 16 differential HW interfaces to expand HW resource of PV8 board.

Table 2–4 List of boards used in the ONU (II) Category

Name

Function

Description They provide POTS ports. Both CC0HASL and CC0IASL boards provide 32 POTS ports. One CC0HASL board can provide 2 polarity reversal ports and one CC0IASL board can provide 32 polarity reversal ports. They can receive pulse and dual tone frequency numbers.

Narrowband service board

CB36ASL/ CB37ASL/ CC09ASL/ CC0HASL/ CC0IASL

CB36ASL, CB37ASL or CC09ASL provides 16 POTS ports. Analog board

subscriber

CB36ASL can provide polarity reversal and 16/12KC charging signals. It supports adjusting its interface impedance, level and feeding mode through software. The only difference between CB37ASL and CB36ASL is that CB37ASL does not support 16/12KC charging signals. CC09ASL supports common subscriber service, coin line service, pre-paid service, extra remote subscriber, polarity reversal and 16KC charging signal, pulse and dual tone frequency number receiving. They provides eight 2B+D ports.

CB03DSL / CB03DSL

Digital board

subscriber

CB02DSL and CB03DSL support standard ISDN BRA services and MTA access. They support per port configuration, that is, the working mode of any port of a board can be configured independently. CB03DSL supports remote feeding while CB02DSL doesn’t.

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Category

Name H302HSL


Function

Description

Synchronous high speed line interface board

It supports N×64kbit/s data access service. It provides two V.35 ports and two FE1 ports in the rate of N×64kbit/s (1≤N≤31). It supports N×64kbit/s and E1 service access. It features long transmission reach.

H303HSL

TDM based SHDSL interface board

H303HSL provides two E1 ports and two SHDSL ports. The SHDSL ports can be connected with SHDSL terminals, which provide V.35 or E1 ports. For terminals providing V.35 ports, the n value ranges from 3 to 32. H303HSL is downward compatible with H302HSL.

Narrowband service board

Broadband service board

CB02VFB

2/4-wire VF interface board

It supports 2/4-wire VF functions. Each board provides 16 2-wire VF interfaces or 8 4-wire VF interfaces.

CC01CDI

Direct dialing-in (DDI) subscriber interface board

It provides 16 DDI ports. It enables transparent transmission of analog subscriber ports.

H301ATI / H601ATI

2/4-wire E&M trunk interface board

H601DEHA

CES E1 interface board

H601SDLA

ATM-based SHDSL interface board

It provides six 2/4-wire E&M ports. Each port can provide 2/4-wire voice frequency line and 1E1M signaling line. The board connects to the peer end H301ATI/H601ATIA board through the SPC of the access network. It provides 16 E1 ports for E1 private line access and ISDN PRI access. It implements E1 UDT CES. It can achieve E1 private line interconnection between UA5000s. It provides 16 ATM SHDSL ports. It supports various service types including CBR, UBR, rt-VBR and nrt-VBR. The board also provides an RS-232 serial port for maintenance.

H521SDL

TDM-based SHDSL interface board

It supports the access of TDM-based SHDSL services. It provides four SHDSL ports and four E1 ports.

H601ADLA

ADSL interface board with built-in splitter

It provides 16 ADSL ports.

H602ADMA

ADSL2+ interface board with built-in splitter

It provides 16 ADSL2+ ports. The ports are ADSL/ADSL2+ auto adaptive.

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Category

Standalone service board*

Standalone service board*


Name

Function

H601VDLA

VDSL interface board with built-in splitter

It provides 16 VDSL ports.

H601CSLA

ADSL and POTS combo interface board with built-in splitter

It provides 16 ADSL ports and 16 POTS ports.

interface

Description

H521BSLA provides 16 ADSL ports and 4 E1 ports. It needs external splitter.

H521BSLA / H521B08A

ADSL board

H521SPLN

16-port ADSL splitter

It is used along with H521BSLA board. It is plugged on the rear of the backplane.

H521EC08

H E1 signal transfer board

It can transfer E1 signals of H521BSLA or H521B08A board to the backplane.

H521LSL

Ethernet board

It provides four 10 Mbit/s Ethernet ports and four E1 upstream ports.

H302ASU

Built-in SDH transmission board for PV8 or RSP frame

It integrates all functions of an SDH transmission device. It provides 2 STM-1 optical ports, 16 E1 ports, 1 order wire port, 1 RS-232 port and 1 Ethernet port. It provides three clock locking mode and is capable of full service switching.

Built-in SDH transmission board for UA5000 frame

It is the. It integrates all functions of an SDH transmission device. The H601ATUA provides 2 STM-1 optical ports and 16 E1 ports. The H601ATUB provides 2 STM-1 optical ports and 8 E1 ports. Both of them provide 1 order wire telephone port, 1 RS-232 port and 1 Ethernet port.

H521B08A provides 8 ADSL ports and 4 E1 ports. It has built-in splitter.

interface

H601ATUA

H601ATUB

*A standalone service board can be plugged in any service board slot.

2.3.5 Peripheral Devices I. Power supply system The power supply system used by the UA5000 includes PS4820/05, PS4840/10, PS4845/15, PS4875/15 (220 V/110 V) and –48 V DC power distribution frame. 1)

PS4820/05 power supply system

The PS4820/05 power supply system consists of rectifier HD4825-5 and environment monitoring unit H302ESC. It can provide a maximum of 20 A current and 1130 W power. The PS4820/05 power supply system features stable and reliable running, flexible configuration and outstanding monitoring management.

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2)


PS4840/10 power supply system

The PS4840/10 power supply is a 4U frame. It fits the 19-inch cabinet. It is composed of rectifier modules, monitoring unit and environment monitoring unit. It can provide a maximum of 40 A current and 2260 W power. The PS4840/10 power supply features stable and reliable running, flexible configuration and outstanding monitoring management. 3)

PS4875/15power supply system (220 V/110 V)

The PS4875/15 power supply system is a 6U frame. It fits the 19-inch cabinet. It is composed of one to five rectifiers, one monitoring unit and power distribution module. Every rectifier provides 15 A power output. The maximum output power of the PS4845/15 is 4200 W. Besides, the PS4845/15 power supply system offers powerful environment and power supply monitoring function. 4)

Other power supply systems

The PS4845/15 (220 V/110 V) power supply system and –48 V DC power distribution frame have been presented in the previous section introducing the MD5500. For details, refer to the section “2.2.5 Peripheral Devices”.

II. Power supply and environment monitoring unit The HONET has powerful environment monitoring function, by which, the equipment can monitor the environment parameters inside/outside of the ONU cabinet, power supply and fans, thus realizing the unattended maintenance for the equipment room. According to different network requirements and equipment application cases, the HONET supports different environment and power monitoring equipment to monitor the environment parameters and power supply. In the ONU, the monitoring equipment includes independent environment monitoring board (H304ESC), environment monitoring box and power supply monitoring unit, and built-in monitoring boards for power distribution frame and fan frame. 1)

H304ESC environment monitoring board

The H304ESC can communicate with the MD5500 or RSP/PV8 through serial port. The H304ESC has powerful and flexible environment monitoring ability. It can monitor eight channels of analog signals and 22 channels of digital signals at the same time, as well as multiple types of intelligent power supply through the serial port. Detailed functions of the H304ESC are as follows. z

The H304ESC has built-in temperature and humidity sensors used to monitor the temperature and humidity in the cabinet. It also provides six analog signal interfaces to connect external analog sensors. For each monitoring signal, the alarm upper/lower limit and the sensor properties can be set.

z

The H304ESC monitors the power distribution frame and door access control, and provides 20 digital sensor interfaces to connect various external digital sensors,

2-28



such as infrared ray sensor, smoke sensor and waterlogging sensor. The external sensor adopts 12 V/24 V power supply, and outputs signals using main contact point output and current output. You can define the sensor signals and set the alarm level. z

Fan monitoring: The H304ESC provides the fan frame with power supply interface, controls the fan switch and performs automatic control according to the detected temperature. Meanwhile, it can monitor the running status of each fan through the fan monitoring unit.

z

Intelligent control output interface: The H304ESC provides two control interfaces isolated by optical coupling. Through these two interfaces, the H303ESC can receive the commands from the NMS to control the connection and disconnection of the external intelligent equipment of subscribers.

z

Intelligent power supply monitoring: The H304ESC can monitor and manage multiple types of intelligent power supplies through its serial port.

z

Battery management function.

2)

Environment monitoring box

The environment monitoring box is composed of the H304ESC (environment monitoring board), the H601ESBB board (backplane), and the H601ESFB board (front panel board). It monitors various environmental parameters including temperature, humidity, smoke, water, access control, fan, power supply, and main distribution frame. At the same time, it provides multiple kinds of extended monitoring interfaces. This unit can be connected with the monitoring unit of the power distribution frame through the serial port to monitor and control the power system together. 3)

Power monitoring unit

The power monitoring unit monitors the real-time running data of the power supply, and performs automatic management to the battery according to the set data. In addition, it can read the set values of the running parameters of the power supply system or perform setting and control to the power supply system according to the external instructions. In the whole environment monitoring system, the H303ESC is connected to the power monitoring unit through a standard serial port. The power monitoring unit receives the settings and control commands delivered by the NMS through the H304ESC. 4)

Built-in monitoring board in standard power distribution frame

The board can monitor the power supply parameters, detect environment parameters and provide eight digital parameter interfaces. The power supply parameters include lightning protection components state, input voltage, output voltage, and shunt protection switch state. The environment parameters include temperature and humidity in the power distribution frame. The digital parameter interfaces are used to detect such environment parameter signals as water, door access control and main distribution frame.

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2.4 Optical Transmission System The HONET uses three kinds of optical transmission systems. They are described as follows: z

SDH optical networking using E1, IMA E1 or ATM E3 ports

z

MSTP networking using E1, STM-1, FE or GE ports

z

VP Ring networking using imbedded optical ports

The HONET can be equipped with built-in OptiX 155/622H optical transmission system. The OptiX 155/622H is a case-shape STM-1/STM-4 transmission system. On the basis of flexible networking and service scheduling ability of the SDH equipment, it provides efficient transmission of ATM and IP services by adding ATM and IP service processing modules.

I. Provided interfaces of the OptiX 155/622H z

SDH interface

z

PDH interface

z

Broadband service interface

z

VF and asynchronous data interface

z

Environment monitoring unit interface

z

Clock I/O interface

z

Power input interface

z

Other supplementary interfaces

II. System features of the OptiX 155/622H z

Powerful multi-system supporting ability

z

Flexible configuration

z

Flexible networking capability

z

Outstanding protection mechanism

z

Excellent network management system

z

Comprehensive power and environment monitoring function

z

All-round synchronous status message (SSM) management function

z

Powerful embedded control channel (ECC) processing capacity

z

All-round data communication channel (DCC) transparent transmission function

2.5 NMS The HONET supports command line interface (CLI) NMS. The CLI NMS can be achieved using operating system attached programs like Telnet and HyperTerminal. It doesn’t require installing extra NMS software. The HONET also supports graphic user interface (GUI) NMS. It uses the iManager N2000 Fixed Network Management System (iManager N2000), a GUI NMS developed

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by Huawei, to maintain its devices in an integrated manner. The iManager N2000 provides users with configuration, maintenance, alarm handling, monitoring and testing functions for HONET equipment. The iManager N2000 consists of different components to manage different equipment. Among them, the HONET NMS component is integrated with the unified topology, fault, performance and security functions provided by the iManager N2000 to maintain and manage the HONET equipment and services. Note: For details about NMS, refer to the chapter “Network Management System”.

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Chapter 3 Service Implementation

Chapter 3 Service Implementation 3.1 Overview The HONET integrates the TDM, ATM, and IP technologies to provide various network interfaces and subscriber interfaces. It supports abundant service functions, and implements integrated access of narrowband and broadband services. It also enables smooth migration of the access network to NGN through using VoIP technology. This chapter details the implementation principles of HONET services in sequence of traditional voice services, broadband access services, broadband and narrowband leased line services, multicast service and self-networking technology VP Ring.

3.2 Traditional Voice Services The traditional voice services have been the mainstream services of fixed network. They include PSTN and ISDN services. The HONET supports a full range of the traditional voice services such as POTS, Z interface extension, ISDN BRA and ISDN PRA services.

3.2.1 POTS The HONET provides POTS port at the UA5000 side through the ASL/A32 board, which can support the access of both the analog subscriber and private branch exchange (PBX). See Figure 3–1. It also supports supplementary services as Caller Identification Display (CID) and Centrex services. The subscriber line signaling can be Dual Tone Multi Frequency (DTMF) or line state signals. There is no limit to the subscriber's supplementary services. V5.1/V5.2

LE

Twisted pair

MD5500

UA5000

Figure 3–1 POTS access

3-1

POTS



3.2.2 Z Interface Extension Service The HONET provides interfaces at the UA5000 side through the CDI board to connect with analog subscriber interfaces (Z interface) of an exchange. The CDI interface and Z interface can be connected through a semi-permanent connection (SPC) to realize transparent extension of the Z interface inside the HONET. See Figure 3–2. Z interface

Twisted pair

UA5000

LE

POTS

UA5000

Figure 3–2 Z interface extension The CDI board realizes the functions of an analog telephone set, which include ringing current detection, closed loop control, polarity detection, feed detection, dialing (pulse or tone phone), time slot dynamic occupation, signal tone detection, and call forwarding by hooking.

3.2.3 ISDN BRA Service The HONET provides ISDN BRI (2B+D) at the UA5000 side through DSL board. See Figure 3–3. In the 2B+D mode, it supports narrowband ISDN (N-ISDN) services such as video conferencing, videotex, G4 facsimile, E-mail, data information retrieval and LAN interconnection. It also supports the mixed configuration of ISDN subscribers and analog telephone subscribers, as well as 25 kinds of ISDN supplementary services, including direct dial-in (DDI), multi-subscriber number (MSN), and calling line identification presentation (CLIP). TA POTS V5.1/V5.2

LE

2B+D

MD5500

UA5000

NT1 2B+D Terminal ISDN Router LAN

Figure 3–3 ISDN BRA service access

3.2.4 ISDN PRA Service The HONET provides ISDN PRI (30B+D) at the MD5500 side through DT16 board, and ISDN PRI (30B+D) interface at the UA5000 side through DEHA board. See Figure 3–4. 3-2



The 30B+D service can be applied to video conferencing, videotex, E-mail box, dial-up Internet access, PBX access and so on. It also supports various ISDN supplementary services, such as DDI, MSN and CLIP. 30B+D

V5.1/V5.2

LE

MD5500

UA5000

30B+D Terminal POTS

PBX

Figure 3–4 ISDN PRA service access

3.3 NGN-Oriented Access Services Integrating AG and SoftSwitch, the HONET offers Voice over IP (VoIP), Fax over IP (FoIP), and Modem over IP (MoIP) services. The service features are as follows. z

VoIP service

The HONET supports the VoIP calling of POTS subscribers. It supports full spectrum of PSTN basic services, supplementary services and intelligent services. z

FoIP service

The HONET supports IP Fax services. It implements the Fax functions specified in ITU-T T.30 recommendations. It supports service transparent transmission at G.711 mode. z

MoIP service

The HONET supports service transparent transmission at G.711 mode. The processes the HONET handles the services vary with the networking modes.

I. Two-layer networking The HONET provides service interfaces at the UA5000. It converts TDM signals into IP packets and sends them upstream to the IP network at the MD5500. The SoftSwitch controls all callings. The MD5500 communicates with SoftSwitch through H.248 protocol. See Figure 3–5. Twisted pair H.248

SoftSwitch

IP network

H.248 FE/GE

POTS (VoIP) FAX over IP Modem over IP

MD5500

UA5000

Figure 3–5 NGN oriented voice service access (two-layer networking)

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II. Single layer networking The HONET provides service interfaces and converts the TDM signals into IP packets at the UA5000. The SoftSwitch controls all callings. The UA5000 communicates with SoftSwitch through H.248 protocol. See Figure 3–6. Twisted pair H.248

SoftSwitch

IP network

H.248

POTS (VoIP) FAX over IP

FE/GE

Modem over IP UA5000

Figure 3–6 NGN oriented voice service access (single-layer networking)

3.4 Broadband Access Services The HONET also supports broadband access services. The access means include ADSL, VDSL and LAN. The UA5000 provides the ADSL, ADSL2+, VDSL and Ethernet ports. The MD5500 provides the ATM port or IP port to connect with backbone network. The HONET adopts the following procedures to handle subscriber services: z

Transmits the subscriber services transparently through AIC board

The MD5500 converges the broadband services from the UA5000 by means of ADSL, VDSL and LAN, and transmits these services through ATM PVC to the ATM network through the 155/622 Mbit/s ATM port provided by the AIC board. z

Transmits the subscriber services transparently through EPU board

The MD5500 converges the broadband services from the UA5000 by means of ADSL, VDSL and LAN, and transmits these services to the upper layer IP equipment through the FE/GE port provided by the EPU board. z

Implements Layer-3 routing and forwarding through IPU board

The IPU board transmits subscriber services upstream through IP port. The MD5500 supports static routing and dynamic routing (RIP II and OSPF). The following will detail the principles of ADSL, VDSL and LAN services.

3.4.1 ADSL Service The UA5000 provides ADSL ports with different capacities through the ADL, CSL, and BSL/B08 boards, and provides ADSL2+ ports through the ADMA board. As shown in Figure 3–7, the UA5000 separates ADSL signals from POTS signals. These signals are transmitted upstream to the MD5500 by the transmission system

3-4



through E1 port or IMA E1 port, or by optical fiber through the STM-1 ATM port or VP Ring optical port. Then, the MD5500 transmits them upstream to the ATM or IP network through corresponding interface, thus providing broadband services. ATM network

ATU-R STM-1/ STM-4

ADSL/ADSL2+

FE/GE IP network

POTS PC

ATU-R MD5500

UA5000 ADSL/ADSL2+

POTS LAN

Figure 3–7 ADSL service access The ADSL access mode supports IPoA and IPoEoA protocols. For different access protocols, ATU-R adopts different working modes, including bridge mode (RFC1483B), IPoA mode (RFC1483R) and PPP mode. The following is the detail. z

For bridge mode, the HONET supports IPoEoA protocol. It implements Layer-3 routing and forwarding, and Layer-2 Ethernet frame transparent transmission.

z

For IPoA mode and PPP mode, the HONET implements service access and forwarding to upper layer equipment.

3.4.2 VDSL Service The UA5000 provides VDSL ports through VDLA board. See Figure 3–8. The UA5000 separates the VDSL signals from the POTS signals. In the upstream direction, it connects to the MD5500 through FE port using optical fiber. The MD5500 connects to ATM or IP network in the upstream to provide broadband services. The HONET adopts QAM modulation mode and symmetrical data transmission mode to implement VDSL access service. It can transmit service at 12 Mbit/s over a distance of 1500 m for 0.5 mm wire diameter or 1200 m for 0.4 mm wire diameter. As VDSL and ADSL possess different edges in bandwidth and transmission distance, you can select them according to networking and requirements in practice.

3-5


ATM network


VTU-R STM-1/ STM-4

VDSL

FE/GE MD5500

IP network

UA5000

VDSL

POTS PC

VTU-R

POTS LAN

Figure 3–8 VDSL service access

3.4.3 LAN Service The UA5000 provides Ethernet ports for LAN access through LSL board. See Figure 3–9. The LAN access can distinguish the priority level based on VLAN. This can assure the QoS of the VLAN leased line interconnection service. The service accessed from the UA5000 is carried over the E1 link and transmitted to the MD5500 through transmission system. The MD5500 transmits the service upstream to ATM network or to IP network to provide broadband services. ATM network

STM-1/ STM-4

10Base-T

PC

STM-1 FE/GE IP network

MD5500

UA5000 10Base-T

Router LAN

Figure 3–9 LAN Service access The LAN access supports IPoE and PPPoE protocols. Similar with the ADSL access, the LAN access enables the HONET to implement not only the layer-3 routing and forwarding functions, but also the function of layer-2 transparent transmission of the Ethernet frames, so as to satisfy different networking application requirements.

3.5 Broadband/Narrowband Leased Line Services The traditional narrowband data service includes digital data network (DDN), packet switched public data network (PSPDN) and frame relay (FR) network. These networks

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are cross-penetrated and complement each other. Meanwhile, they also complement public switched telephone network (PSTN) and public land mobile network (PLMN). As access equipment for integrated broadband and narrowband services, the HONET enriches the narrowband data service access modes and ways, and provides the broadband leased line services, such as LAN interconnection. This section presents the implementation of these services.

3.5.1 HONET DAS Access Service Currently, the problem of data subscriber access has to be considered. Previously, data subscribers access the core network through copper wires, and the service range can be expanded by adding the nodes. However, this technical measure has now found its disadvantages. On one hand, the copper wire resources become insufficient. On the other hand, it costs much to add service nodes. All of these obstruct further development to network greatly. Under this condition, it has come to be recognized using access network to implement data service access.

I. Features The data service access in the HONET is implemented by the Data Access System (DAS). It efficiently solves the covering problem of data network in the traditional networking mode, and breaks through the bottleneck of service/cost. The major features of the DAS are as follows. z

Abundant service interfaces

z

Flexible networking capability

z

Powerful network functions

z

All-round maintenance means

The HONET DAS is a convenient, low-cost and efficient solution for the current leased line services. The solution is a better substitute for the end node and even the convergence node of the network access layer. The HONET DAS optimizes network architecture. The HONET provides all-round support to the broadband and narrowband services. Meanwhile, it also smoothes the evolution from traditional data networks such as DDN and FR to broadband network. All these make it a better choice for current data services.

II. Service model introduction The HONET DAS provides the access of leased line service. Its service model is shown in Figure 3–10.

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OLT/ ONU DDN Node

SN

ONU Transport function module

SNI processing module

User UNI UNI processing data module equipment

Network management function module

Figure 3–10 Narrowband leased line service access principle The HONET DAS comprises four parts. They are described as follows. z

Service node interface (SNI) processing module

It provides the service interface interconnected to a DDN node to implement the service port function. According to the real position of the DDN node, this module is generally installed in the OLT. However, it also can be installed in the ONU. SNI is generally the E1 port (2048 kbit/s) or FE1 port (N×64 kbit/s). z

User network interface (UNI) processing module

It provides the user interface interconnected to the user data terminal to implement the user port function. It is installed in the ONU. Its interface rate includes 2048 kbit/s, N×64 kbit/s (N=1-31), sub-rate (2.4/4.8/9.6/19.2 kbit/s). The module supports E1, V.35, V.24 (synchronous/asynchronous), SHDSL, and 2B1Q interfaces. z

Transport function module

It provides the transport function that connects the SNI and UNI processing modules. It can be shared with other services. z

Network management function module

It provides management interface to maintain the whole DAS. It is actually a part of the NMS of the HONET.

3.5.2 2/4-wire VF Leased Line Service As shown in Figure 3–11, the HONET system provides subscribers with 2/4-wire VF leased line interfaces. It implements the 2/4-wire VF leased line function using SPC between VFB interfaces.

3-8


Chapter 3 Service Implementation 2/4-wire VF Audio modem UA5000

V5.1/V5.2

LE

MD5500

2/4-wire VF Audio modem UA5000

Figure 3–11 2/4-wire VF leased line service The VFB does not have feed function. Its interface impedance is 600Ω. Its interface level and 2/4-wire working mode can be set by software. The subscriber terminal has two categories. One needs feeding and the other needs not. The ASL analog line is recommended when the terminal type is uncertain. The VF leased line is applicable to the situation that the terminal does not need feeding, and the interface impedance is 600Ω. The features of 2/4-wire VF leased line interface board are as follows: z

The selection of 2/4-wire interface is software adjustable. A 4-wire interface comprises two adjacent 2-wire interfaces.

z

The receiving/transmitting gains are adjustable, and the gain adjustment scope is described below.

For 2-wire interface: Receiving gains: -7 dB--2 dB; Transmitting gains: 0 dB-+5 dB For 4-wire interface: Receiving gains: -11 dB-+4 dB; Transmitting gains: -1 dB-+14 dB

3.5.3 2/4-wire E&M Trunk Service The E&M signaling uses signaling channels that are separated from the voice channels to convert signaling between exchanges and transmission systems. The signaling channels include E lead M lead. The E lead is used to receive signaling and the M lead is used to send signaling. There are multiple types of E&M signalings. In terms of the lead amount, there are 2-wire E&M signaling and 4-wire E&M signaling. There are not only DC signals like power supply and grounding, but also DC pulse signals on the E&M line. When Multiple Frequency Control (MFC) or DTMF, instead of DC pulse signals, is used, these signals are transmitted over the voice channel. The E&M signaling is modified somewhat by each country when it is used. For example, China adopts 2/4 lead VF interface working in 1E1M mode (Bell type V). The 2-wire

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E&M interface transmits and receives signals over one pair of balanced line, and the 4-wire E&M interface transmits and receives signals over one pair of balanced line respectively. See Figure 3–12. a1 b1

600Ω

600Ω

a2 600Ω

b2

600Ω

M

E

K1

-48V

Protection

E -48V

Current limitation and checking

M

Current limitation and checking

K2

Protection

Exchange

E&M interface equipment

Figure 3–12 Bell V type E&M interface The E&M signaling process is rather simple. The line signals include occupation, answer and occupation acknowledgment. See Figure 3–13. Has current

T1 Calling party M lead Calling party E lead

Talking

Occupation ACK

T2 T3

Called party E lead No current Has current No current Called party M lead

T4

Figure 3–13 E&M signaling M lead: When it is idle, the switch is off and the line current is zero. When it is busy, the switch is on and the current flows through the line. The current is related to the E lead current of the peer end exchange. Normally it ranges from 5 mA to 50 mA. E lead: When it is idle, the interface voltage is near –48 V. Its current is related to the leakage current of M lead in the peer end exchange. When the E line is occupied, the interface voltage is nearly zero. Its current is related to the impedance of M lead in the peer end exchange.

I. E&M signaling process 1)

When an exchange subscriber initializes an E&M trunk outgoing call, switch K1 is off and the current flows through the M lead. After the current detection circuit of

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the E&M interface equipment detects the current (normally ranges from 6mA to 25mA), it takes the circuit as occupied. 2)

The exchange transmits the telephone number (in MFC or DTMF mode) in line a1 and b1.

3)

If the telephone number is correctly transmitted, the peer end exchange returns the acknowledgment signal to the E&M interface equipment, which will then close switch K2. The E lead of the exchange will detect the current and think that the call control has been successfully set up. Then it enters conversation status.

4)

As indicated in Figure 3–12, the exchange and the interconnected equipment are symmetrical. The handling for incoming call is similar to that for outgoing call: Switch K2 of the interconnected equipment is closed to occupy the exchange. The exchange receives the telephone number from a2b2 line (in MFC or DTMF mode). Switch K1 of the exchange is closed to acknowledge the interconnected equipment. Then, it enters conversation status.

5)

After the conversation is over, the side who hangs up turns off the switch. The other side cannot detect the current and will think that it receives the release signal, then, it performs release operation.

II. Main indices of ATI board The HONET provides 2/4-wire E&M interfaces through its ATI board. The ATI board is slot-compatible with subscriber boards. The board makes use of the transmission system of access network to transfer the remote analog trunk services. It transmits signaling and voice channels transparently. The ATI boards at both ends transmit line signaling through a timeslot of voice channel using private protocol. Each ATI board has six channels. Each channel supports the 2/4-wire E&M interface working in 1E1M mode (Bell type V). The main technical indexes are as follows. z

The impedance of the port: 600Ω

z

Encoding: A law, conforms to ITU-T Recommendation G.711A.

z

Audio indexes: conforms to ITU-T Recommendation G.712.

z

Adjustment of receiving/transmitting gains: receiving, –20 dB - +1.5 dB, transmitting, –7 dB - +14 dB and 0.5 dBr per step

z

E lead or M lead current: 6mA - 40 mA

z

ATI end-to-end transfer delay: < 10 ms

ATI board is mostly used for analog inter-office trunk. See Figure 3–14.

3-11



ONU

ONU

interface E&M lead

A T I

VF interface

A T I E&M lead

Exchange

E&M

Transmission equipment

Exchange

VF interface

E&M interface

Figure 3–14 Connection mode of E&M trunk interface

3.5.4 2 Mbit/s Digital Leased Line Service The HONET provides E1 (2048 kbit/s) ports and FE1 (N×64 kbit/s) ports through the DT16, DEHA and CESH boards to implement 2 Mbit/s digital leased line service.

I. 2 Mbit/s digital leased line interconnected with DDN node The 2 Mbit/s digital leased line service can be used as the SNI for interconnection with the DDN Node, as shown in Figure 3–15. Inside the HONET system, services accessed from all narrowband data interfaces at the UA5000 side are connected to the same 2 Mbit/s leased line interface through SPC, and then are transmitted to the DDN transparently through the DDN Node. E1 V.35 V.24 SHDSL 2B1Q

E1/FE1

MD5500

DDN Node

UA5000

Figure 3–15 2 Mbit/s digital leased line service (interconnected with DDN Node)

II. 2 Mbit/s digital leased line interconnected with DDN subscriber equipment The 2 Mbit/s digital leased line service can also be used as the UNI, as shown in Figure 3–16.In this case, this interface is mainly interconnected with the DDN subscriber equipment, including E1 port router, subscriber DDN Node and so on. 2 Mbit/s leased line

E1/FE1

LAN Router DDN Node

MD5500

UA5000

Figure 3–16 2 Mbit/s digital leased line service (interconnected with DDN subscriber equipment)

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3.5.5 N×64 kbit/s Leased Line Service At the UA5000 side, the HONET provides FE1 and V.35 interfaces through the H302HSL board to accomplish N×64 kbit/s (N=1-31) leased line service. Generally, the V.35 interface is used to connect with subscriber equipment such as router, and the FE1 port provides bearing channels to transmit the V.35 interface service to the peer end. Because the H302HSL board can provide both V.35 interfaces and FE1 ports, there are two ways to implement the N×64 kbit/s leased line service: create an SPC by occupying subscriber frame, or by occupying FE1 port. UA5000 V.35

Router LAN

E1/FE1

DDN Node

MD5500

V.35

Router LAN

UA5000

Figure 3–17 N×64 kbit/s leased line service (occupying subscriber frame) UA5000 V.35

Router LAN

E1/FE1

DDN Node

FE1

MD5500

V.35

Router LAN

UA5000

Figure 3–18 N×64 kbit/s leased line service (occupying FE1 port) As shown in Figure 3–17, the subscriber frame is occupied to create an SPC. The services are transmitted through the E1 line of the subscriber frame, crossed at the MD5500 side, and connected to peer end V.35 interface or DDN Node. Because the N×64 kbit/s service needs to occupy TDM resources of the subscriber frame, it may make the voice service resources of this frame insufficient. Therefore, this method is recommended only when the value of N is rather small.

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As shown in Figure 3–18, the FE1 port is occupied to create an SPC. The services are transmitted through the FE1 line of the subscriber frame, crossed within the board, and connected to peer end V.35 interface or DDN Node. In this case, the N×64 kbit/s service does not need to occupy the TDM resources of subscriber frame. But the FE1 needs to occupy transmission resources additionally. Therefore, this method is recommended when the value of N is large.

3.5.6 SHDSL Leased Line Service Single-Pair High Rate Digital Subscriber Loop (SHDSL) is a new kind of symmetrical digital subscriber line technology developed on the basis of the high-speed digital subscriber line (HDSL), SDSL and ISDN. It is defined by the ITU-T G.SHDSL Recommendation G.991.2. The inherent technical advantages of the SHDSL technology, such as high symmetric rate, strong anti-interference ability and longer transmission distance, makes it play an important role among the three kinds of widely used DSL technologies, ADSL, VDSL and SHDSL. SHDSL can provide a maximum of 2 Mbit/s symmetric rate, with transmission distance of 3-6 km, which is farther than that of the ADSL. It can take the place of E1/T1 line and be widely used for high-speed data service access with symmetric upstream and downstream data. This kind of feature determines that it can be used for the service that needs consistent bi-directional rates, such as video conferencing and voice binding. The HONET provides E1 and SHDSL ports through SDL and H303HSL boards at the UA5000 side. The E1 port is used to provide bearing channel to transmit the service accessed from the SHDSL port to the peer end. The SHDSL port is used to provide E1 and V.35 interfaces through the customer premises equipment (CPE) for connection with the subscriber equipment such as router, so as to accomplish the 2048 kbit/s and N×64 kbit/s (N=3-31) leased line services. See Figure 3–19. E1/FE1 CPE

E1/FE1

DDN Node

Router

SHDSL MD5500

V.35

UA5000 CPE

Router

Figure 3–19 SHDSL leased line service access The CPE can provide both V.35 and E1/FE1 ports. The E1 port of the SDL board and that provided by the CPE support not only the N×64 kbit/s FE1 access, but also the

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2048 kbit/s E1 transparent transmission. When the CPE provides the FE1 port, the SDL board is the same as the H302HSL board. There are two ways to implement SHDSL leased line service, that is, occupying subscriber frame or occupying FE1 port to create SPC. In the case of providing the E1 transparent transmission function, the SDL board can only transmit service data upstream through its own E1 port.

3.5.7 MTA Leased Line Service The HONET provides 2B1Q interfaces through the DSL board at the UA5000 side, and provides V.35 and V.24 interfaces through remote MTA to realize 128 kbit/s, 64 kbit/s and sub-rate services. As shown in Figure 3–20, the V.35 and V.24 interfaces are provided by extending the 2B1Q interface to connect with the subscriber equipment, such as router and PC.

MTA

E1/FE1

Router

2B1Q MD5500

DDN Node

V.35/V.24 128/64 kbit/s

V.35, subrate

UA5000 MTA

Data terminal

Figure 3–20 MTA leased line service access MTA is a data service unit (DSU) located at the user end. It is connected with the office end equipment (such as DSL and MLC) through 2B1Q interface. The access distance is 4-5 km (with wire diameter of 0.4mm). It provides the subscriber with one V.24/V.35 compatible interface and two V.24 interfaces. The data rates include 64 kbit/s and 128 kbit/s (synchronous interface) and 2.4 kbit/s, 4.8 kbit/s, 9.6 kbit/s and 19.2 kbit/s (synchronous or asynchronous interface).

3.5.8 Circuit Emulation Service Circuit emulation is the technology to emulate the traditional circuit switching and circuit transmission through ATM network. According to the ITU-T Recommendation I.363.1, the E1 circuit emulation interface can implement unstructured data transfer (UDT) and structured data transfer (SDT). The UDT can implement transparent transmission of E1 data. When UDT adaptation is performed, the AAL1 adaptation module does not distinguish the frame structure in the E1

line,

but

performs

segmentation

and

reassembly

(SAR)

to

the

2 Mbit/s code stream to accomplish the adaptation. The UDT circuit emulation technology can utilize the clock recovery technology to recover TDM clock through the

3-15



ATM network. It can implement two kinds of clock recovery technologies: adaptive clock method (ACM) and synchronous residual time stamp (SRTS). The principle of ACM is to adjust the narrowband clock according to the variation of the data-receiving buffer. In the flow direction that cells are reassembled to recover narrowband data, there exits a buffer. If the data are increasing in the buffer, the sending clock frequency will be increased. Otherwise, the sending clock frequency will be lowered, thus realizing the TDM clock recovery. The ACM clock recovery mode has no special requirements for the AAL1 SAR equipment that implements cell segmentation. However, when the ACM is adopted to adjust clock, the output clock frequency is directly related to the adaptive adjustment step length. Therefore, the recovery clock traces the variation of the source end clock at a lower speed, and the clock float is rather large. The principle of SRTS is to compare the accessed TDM clock with the ATM network clock at the clock source, figure out the difference between these two clocks, that is, residual time stamp, and then write this residual time stamp value into a certain specified bit of the cell to transmit it over the ATM network. At the destination, the narrowband clock of the source end is figured out based on the ATM network clock and residual time stamp value so as to accomplish the clock recovery. SRTS can calculate the precise value of the narrowband clock. The clock precision, tracing speed and float specifications are better than those of ACM. However, since the ATM network clock is used as the reference when the clock is recovered by SRTS, the ATM network must be synchronous or plesiochronous all over the network. In addition, the AAL1 SAR equipment at the clock source end and destination end are required to be able to realize SRTS technology to generate time stamp value at the source end and recover the clock according to the time stamp value at the destination end. The SDT can implement transparent transmission of narrowband N×64 kbit/s data channel over ATM network. When the SDT adaptation is performed, the AAL1 adaptation module needs to distinguish the E1 frame structure and implement adaptation for N time slots according to configuration. By SDT technology, multiple logical channels can be realized in the E1 link. Since SDT adaptation cannot accomplish clock recovery, the ATM network must be synchronized with the TDM network or the whole network when the SDT adaptation is performed. The V.35 interface circuit emulation board implements the AAL1 adaptation of V.35 data. The access rate of V.35 interface is N×64 kbit/s (N=1-31), which is suitable for the access of the V.35 data equipment at the rate lower than 2 Mbit/s. The V.35 interface can work in the DCE and DTE modes. However, the V.35 circuit emulation cannot realize clock recovery, that is, it cannot transmit TDM clock over ATM network transparently.

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I. Transparent transmission of narrowband services The HONET can perform AAL1 adaptation of the E1 and V.35 interfaces at both the OLT side and ONU side, so as to realize transparent transmission of the traditional TDM services (such as DDN) over ATM network. As shown in Figure 3–21, it can be interconnected with the equipment such as PBX, DDN equipment and video conferencing equipment.

E1/V.35 DDN terminal

DDN Node ATM network

155/622M

ATM edge switch

MD5500

UA5000

E1 PBX

LE

Figure 3–21 Transparent transmission of narrowband services realized by circuit emulation

II. DDN service convergence By circuit emulation technology, the HONET can realize not only interworking of external TDM equipment through ATM network, but also interworking of internal TDM system with ATM network. In this case, the narrowband data services accessed by the HONET are not connected with the DDN through E1 port, but directly transferred to ATM network through the circuit emulation interface at the MD5500 side, and then transmitted to the backbone network through ATM port. See Figure 3–22. The network role of the HONET under this condition is the sum of a medium and large sized DDN convergence node and multiple DDN access nodes covering some areas.

DDN

E1 V.35 V.24 SHDSL 2B1Q

ATM 155/622M network MD5500

UA5000

Figure 3–22 DDN service convergence by circuit emulation

3.5.9 LAN Interconnection Service In cities, the branches and headquarters of commercial subscribers contact increasingly frequently with large amount of information. In such situation, the

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traditional leased line interconnection services are unable to meet all the requirements. The LAN interconnection services thus become much more desirable. The HONET realizes the LAN interconnection by adopting the ATM networking, and it features compact equipment, broad bandwidth and perfect QoS as a high speed and low cost solution. The HONET can provide 10Base-T Ethernet ports at the UA5000 side to connect with LAN. By RFC 1483B mapping, the ATM PVC is used to realize the point-to-point layer-2 transparent connection between two LANs inside the system. See Figure 3–23.

LAN

10/100Base-T

10/100Base-T

LAN MD5500

UA5000

UA5000

Figure 3–23 Point-to-point LAN interconnection service Since the HONET cannot realize the point-to-multipoint connection by internal PVC crossing function, if multiple LANs are to be interconnected, it is required to create a PVC from each LAN to the system ATM optical port, and then accomplish interconnection by means of Layer-2 switching function of the upper layer ATM switch. See Figure 3–24. 10/100Base-T

LAN

UA5000 LAN

10/100Base-T

10/100Base-T

155/622M

ATM switch

MD5500

LAN

UA5000 10/100Base-T

LAN

UA5000

Figure 3–24 Point-to-multipoint LAN interconnection service

3.6 Multicast Service The multicast service is used in the field of stream media, tele-education, video conference, video multicast, network game, data duplication, and so on. The multicast technology is designed with high effective point-to-multipoint data transmission

3-18



capability, which is able to save the network bandwidth and reduce the network loads excellently. The HONET is able to support the IGMP Snooping through the EPU board. Therefore, it can form the networks in combination with the multicast router to provide broadband users with multicast services. IGMP Snooping can capture the IGMP packets transmitted between the user and the multicast router, set up and maintain Layer 2 multicast table for multicast duplication. Figure 3–25 shows the networking application of IGMP Snooping multicast service.

UA5000

ATU-R

PC

ATU-R

PC

ATU-R

PC

ATU-R

PC

Multicast source

Internet

Multicast router

MD5500

UA5000

Multicast source

Figure 3–25 IGMP Snooping multicast The multicast control equipment, such as a multicast router or Huawei ISN8850 implements the IGMP protocol. The HONET realizes transparent transmission and detection of user Layer-2 packets as well as the duplication function of the multicast data packets. The major features of the multicast service supported by the HONET are as follows. z

The system supports up to 64 multicast groups, and each user can add 8 multicast groups simultaneously.

z

Only one PVC needs to be established, which can transmit both unicast data and multicast data.

z

The system supports the multicast services in four downstream networking modes: IMA E1/ATM E3/ATM 155 Mbit/s/VP Ring.

z

A minimum of 256 kbit/s downstream multicast service bandwidth can be provided by each multicast group. At the same time, every multicast user is guaranteed to share the bandwidth on average.

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3.7 VP Ring The MD5500 and the UA5000 support Virtual Path (VP) Ring networking technology. VP Ring is a broadband ring network technology that combines the advantages of SDH ring network protection and ATM statistics multiplexing. It can allocate bandwidth based on actual needs and support multiple kinds of service and QoS types. Meanwhile, it has the protection switching function of the SDH/SONET equipment, making the network more reliable. VP Ring adopts the point-to-point protection switching mechanism that reserves bandwidth and routes to realize the ATM-layer service protection. Reserving bandwidth and routes means that when the working entity is established, the system has to provide bandwidth and routes for the protection entity at the same time, which should meet the requirements of working entity for cell transmission performance. The point-to-point switching is a basic protection mechanism of ATM network, and it takes one point-to-point VP or VPG in the network as the independent protection entity. The UA5000 accesses POTS, ISDN, N×64 kbit/s, xDSL, and LAN services. It transforms them into four basic kinds of ATM service types (CBR, rt-VBR, nrt-VBR, UBR) after ATM service adaptation, and performs traffic shaping and congestion control to these services. The service data enters the VP Ring at last. Each node of the VP Ring supports VP scheduling, which can implement bandwidth sharing of all kinds of services (including services transparently transmitted from other nodes, and the service of local node), and guarantee the priority of all kinds of services. Finally, all services of the VP Ring are converged in the MD5500, processed by the ATM service processing module of the AIC board, and then distributed to different service ports. Besides the bandwidth sharing function, VP Ring also supports fast protection switching function. It can detect link faults quickly by the function of physical layer alarm detection and that of detection, insertion and capture of ATM layer OAM cell. Once any fault is detected, VP Ring can set the status of bridging unit/selector to accomplish fast switching function of the VP.

3.7.1 Protection Switching Type In the HONET, the VP Ring adopts 1+1 protection switching mode, which falls into two types: unidirectional and bi-directional modes. The source node sends the service to the working entity and protection entity simultaneously, and the sink node can select to receive the service from either the working entity or protection entity. See Figure 3–26.

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Technical Manual HONET Integrated Services Access Network Source node

Bridging unit


Protection entity

Selector

Sink node

Working entity Before switching Source node

Bridging unit

Protection entity

Selector

Sink node

Switching occurs. Working entity After switching

Figure 3–26 Principle of 1+1 protection switching The 1+1 unidirectional protection means that the selective receiving of services in upstream and downstream directions is independent. The upstream selector should receive services from the working entity, while the downstream selector can receive services from either the working entity or protection entity. The 1+1 bi-directional protection means that the selective receiving of services in upstream and downstream directions is related. The upstream and downstream selectors should receive services from the same entity. Compared with the bi-directional protection mode, the unidirectional protection mode is rather easy to accomplish, not requiring support of any protocols. The selector of local node can determine from which entity it should receive the service based on working conditions of the entities, having a rapid switching speed. However, since the service may be transmitted over different routes in the upstream and downstream directions, the service quality in both directions may be different. The bi-directional protection switching mode needs protocol support, and the switching speed is slower; but the service quality in both directions is almost the same.

3.7.2 Protection Switching Detection and Trigger Mechanism Protection switching can be triggered not only by detection mechanism automatically, but also by the protection switching command delivered by the NMS or Console.

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To achieve automatic triggering, each node should be able to detect Signal Fail (SF) and Signal Degrade (SD) alarms. The SF alarms include Loss of Signal (LOS) and Loss of Frame (LOF) of the physical layer and alarm indication signal (AIS) of the ATM layer. The SD alarm mainly indicates that the cell loss ratio exceeds the threshold. When the sink node detects an SF or SD alarm, the protection switching is triggered. When the intermediate node detects an SF alarm, it inserts an AIS cell to the downstream service data, and then the protection switching is triggered as soon as the sink node receives this AIS cell.

3.7.3 Protection Switching Protocol In realization of 1+1 bi-directional switching, the source node needs to negotiate with sink node about negotiate switching process on the basis of protection switching protocol, so as to keep the switching at both ends consistent. The protection switching protocol is transmitted by the Automatic Protection Switching (APS) cell, which is a special kind of OAM cell and is transmitted by special APS channel. Figure 3–27 shows the principle of protection switching algorithm. Whether the switching occurs depends on the local switching request and remote K1 byte.

Local Requests

Local Priority Logic

Top Priority Local Request

K1/K2 byte received from Far End

Validity Check

K1 Byte Far End Request

send Local Request Info to Far End via K1 Byte

Global Priority Logic Top Priority Global Request send Local Bridge/ Selector Status to Far End via K2 Byte

K2 Byte Far End Status Mismatch Detection activate Bridge/ Selector Mismatch Alarm

Set Local Bridge/Selector

Figure 3–27 Principle of protection switching algorithm

3-22


Chapter 4 Networking Applications

Chapter 4 Networking Applications 4.1 System Networking Options The HONET offers carriers the opportunity to build a broadband and narrowband integrated network over a single platform supporting various networking topologies. The MD5500 and the UA5000 of the HONET system can form ring, star, tree or chain network through transmission system.

4.1.1 SDH Networking The HONET adopts the OptiX 155/622H, an STM-1/STM-4 SDH optical transmission device developed by Huawei, as its built-in optical transmission equipment. Besides, the UA5000 can also use the embedded optical transmission board ATU to implement SDH transmission. The chain and ring are two basic topologies of SDH network. There are many other complicated network topologies derived from these two topologies as per different requirements. Figure 4–1 shows the ring topology of SDH optical transmission system. The MD5500 and UA5000 are connected through SDH transmission system to carry both narrowband and broadband services. The narrowband services are sent to the MD5500 over E1 links. The broadband services are transmitted to the MD5500 through spare SDH resources over IMA E1 or ATM E3 links.

4-1



PSTN / DDN PSTN/DDN

ATM / IP ATM/IP

STM - 1/4

V5/E1

FE/GE

MD5500

E1

ATM E3

iManager N2000

IMA E1

ADM UA5000

UA5000 E1

SDH

ATM E3

LAN Switch/Router

IMA E1

xDSL

E1 POTS

ISDN

E1/V.35

UA5000

Figure 4–1 HONET SDH networking The features of this networking are as follows: z

The OptiX 155/622H features powerful cross-connecting ability, abundant interfaces and reliable software function. It is adaptive to complex network structures.

z

The SDH ring network can implement the two-fiber unidirectional path protection and two-fiber unidirectional multiplex section protection functions. It enhances the network stability to ensure reliable service transmission.

4.1.2 MSTP Networking Figure 4–2 shows the MSTP networking. The narrowband services are transmitted through E1 port and the broadband services through STM-1 port or FE/GE port. The services are then multiplexed through MSTP and carried over the Metro transmission system.

4-2



PSTN / DDN PSTN/DDN

ATM / IP ATM/IP STM-1/4

V5/E1

FE/GE

iManagerN2000

MD5500 E1

STM-1/GE/FE

ADM

UA5000

UA5000 E1

E1

Metro STM-1/ GE/FE

STM-1/ GE/FE STM-1/GE/FE

LAN Switch/Router xDSL

E1

POTS

ISDN

E1/V.35

UA5000

Figure 4–2 HONET MSTP networking The feature of this network is as follows: This networking enables integrated transmission of various services. It has very high bandwidth usage rate.

4.1.3 VP Ring Networking The MD5500 and the UA5000 form VP Ring network through their respective imbedded optical ports. The MD5500 converges and distributes both narrowband and broadband services. Figure 4–3 is the networking diagram.

4-3



ATM/IP ATM / IP

PSTN PSTN/DDN / DDN

V5/E1

STM-1/4

FE/GE iManager N2000

MD5500 UA5000

UA5000 VP Ring LAN Switch/Router

POTS

UA5000

ISDN

E1/V.35

xDSL

Figure 4–3 HONET VP Ring networking The features of this networking are as follows: z

Low network construction cost thanks to networking through imbedded optical port without additional transmission equipment.

z

Saving fiber resource efficiently by transmitting both broadband and narrowband services over one fiber pair.

z

Independent bandwidth for narrowband service to ensure excellent QoS, shared bandwidth for broadband service to transmit over ATM layer.

z

Enhanced network security to ensure non-interrupted service running through intrinsic switchover protection mechanism.

z

Integrated management for transmission equipment and service nodes.

4.1.4 Direct Fiber Networking Figure 4–4 shows the direct fiber networking. The MD5500 is integrated with STM-1 and STM-4 fiber access units, and the UA5000 provides STM-1 port. The UA5000 receives broadband services through broadband subscriber boards and sends them to the MD5500 through its STM-1 port. The MD5500 converges the broadband services and transmits them to backbone network through ATM or IP port. The UA5000 receives narrowband services through narrowband subscriber boards and sends them to the MD5500 through CES links over STM-1 transmission system. The MD5500 transmits the narrowband services through its V5 interface to the PSTN.

4-4


PSTN / DDN

V5/E1


ATM / IP

STIV-1/4 FE/GE

iManager N2000 MD5500

UA5000 UA5000 UA5000 slave frame LAN Switch/Router

UA5000 ISDN E1/V.35 POTS BRI

xDSL Modem

Figure 4–4 HONET direct fiber networking The features of this networking are as follows: z z

It is of low cost, easy deployment and flexible networking. It saves lots of transmission resources and enhances the networking flexibility for the HONET.

z

Its transmission distance using single-mode fiber without repeater reaches 30 km, which satisfies most transmission distance demands of access network.

4.1.5 Direct Fiber and SDH Hybrid Networking The MD5500 and UA5000 of the HONET can be networked by SDH transmission system and direct fiber connection. The narrowband services are transmitted over SDH transmission system and the broadband services are carried over direct fiber connection. Figure 4–5 shows this networking mode.

4-5


ATM / IP

PSTN / DDN

V5/E1


STM-1/4 FE/GE

iManager N2000

MD5500 E1 ADM

UA5000

UA5000 E1

ADM ADM

SDH LAN Switch/Router

E1

HW ADM

UA5000 slave frame

E1

ISDN POTS BRI

E1/V.35

xDSL Modem

UA5000

Figure 4–5 HONET direct fiber and SDH hybrid networking The feature of this networking is as follows: In this networking mode, the broadband and narrowband services are transmitted through different transmission channels. The broadband services are transmitted through the fiber channel of the built-in optical port (STM-1, FE or GE) of the UA5000, guaranteeing large bandwidth and better service quality. The narrowband services are transmitted through the SDH ring network, ensuring the high service data transmission reliability.

4.1.6 Subtending Networking I. AIUA subtending Figure 4–6 is the AIUA subtending networking diagram. By the IMA E1/STM-1 ATM/ATM E3 port provided by the AIUA board, the multi-level UA5000 equipment can form the link, star, and tree networks by the subtending mode, which can effectively enlarge the coverage area of the network.

4-6



PSTN/DDN

V5/E1

ATM/IP

STM-1/4

FE/GE

iManager N2000 MD5500 UA5000 UA5000

SDH/VP Ring/STM-1

ATM E3

IMA E1 UA5000 STM-1

UA5000 UA5000

LAN Switch/Router

xDSL POTS

ISDN

E1/V.35

Figure 4–6 HONET AIUA subtending networking The features of this networking are as follows: z

The STM-1 ATM subtending networking saves fiber resources and ATM ports of the upper layer equipment, makes full use of the bandwidth resources and enlarges significantly the broadband network coverage. The networking is realized by means of the fiber connection, not requiring SDH equipment. The TDM services are transmitted along with the broadband services through circuit emulation.

z

The IMA E1 and ATM E3 subtending networkings save transmission resources and feature flexible networking and low network construction expense. They are adaptive to scenarios that require few broadband services. They make full use of the existent E1 and E3 transmission resources to carry the broadband data, which realizes the interworking and transparent transmission of the ATM broadband services. By this networking mode, the broadband network can be constructed promptly and flexibly in the broadband subscriber sparse areas.

4-7



II. SDL subtending The SDL subtending networking enables subtending of UA5000s through telephone lines using SHDSL technology. Figure 4–7 is the SDL subtending networking diagram. Near end UA5000 and far end UA5000 are connected using respective H521SDL board through twisted pairs. The H521SDL board at far end UA5000 converts the E1 signals into TDM SHDSL signals; The H521SDL board at near end UA5000 converts the TDM SHDSL signals into E1 signals. They work together to function as an imbedded E1 transmission device. ATM / IP

PSTN / DDN STM-1/4

V5/E1

FE/GE

iManager N2000 MD5500

E1

UA5000-3

IMA E1

ADM

UA5000-5

E1


SHDSL

xDSL

E1

UA5000-4

UA5000-1 POTS

ISDN BRI

E1/V.35

SHDSL

UA5000-2

Figure 4–7 HONET SDL subtending The features of this networking are as follows: z

It is suitable to the scenario that deploys narrowband ONU equipment of Huawei at both local and remote ends and requires few trunk links.

z

It supports remote narrowband ONU access in the case of insufficient transmission and fiber resources.

4.1.7 Single-Layer Networking Figure 4–8 is diagram of the single-layer networking. For narrowband services, the UA5000 transmits them to the PSTN exchange through V5 interface over SDH/Metro 1000 transmission system. For broadband services, the UA5000 handles them in following two ways: 4-8



z

Transmits them to ATM network through STM-1/STM-4 port

z

Transmits them to IP metropolitan area network through FE/GE port

ATM / IP

PSTN / DDN E1

ATM switch / Router LE iManager N2000 E1/V5

UA5000

STM-1/STM- 4/FE/GE

E1/V5

UA5000

STM-1/STM- 4/FE/GE


E1/V5

xDSL

E1/V5 POTS

ISDN

E1/V.35

UA5000

Figure 4–8 HONET single-layer networking The features of this networking are as follows: z

It is suitable for the scenarios that have few access nodes and each node has a relatively small number of subscribers.

z

It supports a variety of transmission systems. It can use SDH or Metro transmission system.

z

It enables broadband and narrowband integrated NMS. The broadband and narrowband services can be managed using the iManager N2000 NMS.

4.1.8 TDM Large Capacity Networking Figure 4–9 is the diagram of TDM large capacity networking. Compared with other networking schemes, the TDM large capacity networking enables the access of even larger number of subscribers. The capacity features of this networking are as follows: z

Providing 16k x 16k TDM switching fabric through the ASXB board to enable the access of up to 48000 POTS subscribers.

z

Using standard STM-1 ports provided by the MSUC board as trunk interface to support the access of up to 496 E1 links.

When the LE provides STM-1 ports, the LE can connect with the MD5500 through the STM-1 port. By this, the E1 cables are saved and the access density of the V5 interface is improved. 4-9



When the LE does not provde STM-1 ports and it is located far away from the MD5500, the LE and the MD5500 can be connected using transmission system, which multiplexes E1 links into STM-1 channels. See Figure 4–9. SDH E1

LE

STM-1

MD5500

STM-1

UA5000

UA5000

SDH

E1

E1

E1

HW

UA5000

UA5000 slave frame

Figure 4–9 TDM large capacity networking The features of this networking are as follows: z

Capable of handling large capacity TDM services

z

Capable of using existing transmission resource to cut network construction investment

z

Easy maintenance thanks to simple connection with LE

4.1.9 NGN Migration Networking The NGN migration process of the access network has three stages. They are “traditional access network”, “access network with small quantity of NGN subscribers” and “target NGN”. The HONET can satisfy the demands of all these three stages. It enables stepless NGN migration of the access network. See Figure 4–10 for the networking diagram.

4-10



LE

V5

V5

MD5500 UA5000

UA5000

UA5000 UA5000

Traditional access network SoftSwitch

LE

V5 V5

IP

MD5500

VoIP/ H.248

UA5000

UA5000

UA5000 UA5000

Access network with small quantity of NGN subscribers

SoftSwitch

TMG IP

PSTN

MD5500

VoIP/ H.248

UA5000

VoIP/ H.248

UA5000

UA5000

UA50

UA5000 Target NGN

Figure 4–10 NGN migration networking diagram The feature of this networking is as follows:

4-11



The HONET is an NGN-ready system. It enables the access network to migrate into NGN in a stepless manner. The HONET NGN migration networking protects the investment efficiently.

4.2 Typical Applications The HONET has abundant service interfaces and flexible networking ability. It has been massively deployed worldwide. The following are some typical networking application examples.

4.2.1 Integrated Narrowband and Broadband Access Thanks to the characteristics of wide coverage area, smooth upgrade from narrowband to broadband, and the convenient and rapid deployment, the HONET has now found wide applications in many regions and countries.

I. Application in City A The HONET application in city A provides POTS, ISDN BRA, ISDN PRA services and broadband access services including Ethernet, ADSL and VDSL. These services share the same subscriber frames and are transmitted over the same transmission platform. The HONET supports the access of full range narrowband and broadband integrated services. Figure 4–11 shows the networking of HONET integrated configuration of narrowband and broadband services at City A.

IP Core

PSTN

BRAS MD5500 iManager N2000

VOD Server

UA5000

UA5000

Community A Community B

ADSL

Ethernet

Community C

VDSL

Figure 4–11 Narrowband and broadband integrated application in City A

4-12

CommunityD

POTS ISDN,etc.



In this application mode, broadband access network of City A uses the OptiX 155/622H as its transmission platform. Narrowband services and broadband services are provided by the UA5000, and then are transmitted by the OptiX 155/622H. The VDSL service occupies one FE port for transmission. Subscribers can access the Internet directly through the 10Base-T Ethernet port. Subscribers can also connect the broadband network through the telephone line in use taking the advantage of ADSL technology. In this case, subscribers can make phone calls, activate VOD service, access the Internet, and realize telecommuting simultaneously through one telephone line. In broadband upstream direction, the MD5500 implements layer-2 convergence and transparent transmission of IP services, which are transmitted to IP network through the BRAS. The networking in city A is a typical application of the HONET, aiming at providing various voice, data and video services. In this networking mode, the broadband services, such as ADSL, have large coverage area, and is easy to deploy rapidly. And they are suitable for the places where there are large numbers of subscribers.

II. Application in City B City B constructs a new network for integrated services access. Figure 4–12 shows the networking model.

IP Core

PSTN

MD5500 iManager N2000

VOD Server

UA5000

UA5000

Community A Community B

ADSL

Ethernet

Community C

VDSL

Figure 4–12 Narrowband and broadband integrated application in City B

4-13

CommunityD

POTS ISDN,etc.



III. Application in City C Since there are lots of small and medium enterprises in City C, the telecommunications network is required to offer Intranet leased line interconnection in addition to broadband access service.

IP Core

ATM core

PSTN MD5500 iManager N2000

UA5000

UA5000

Residential community Enterprise A

ADSL

Ethernet

Enterprise B

Ethernet

Enterprise C

Ethernet

Figure 4–13 Narrowband and broadband integrated application in City C In this networking mode, POTS and ADSL services are provided over twisted pairs for the residential community. The leased line interconnection of Intranets is achieved on the basis of Ethernet, HONET and upper-layer ATM core equipment.

4.2.2 Narrowband Service Access The transmission system of PSTN of City D is composed of one SDH transmission ring-link network. The SDH transmission ring network is built in the urban area, so that some important sites can be protected. The MD5500 connects with the UA5000 that are located in small towns through link network. The UA5000s in town A and town B are installed in outdoor cabinets, and the other UA5000s are installed in indoor cabinets. See Figure 4–14. The access network of City D mainly provides analog voice service to satisfy the needs of daily phone service and dialup Internet access service at home or in company. The UA5000 at the steel mill is connected with an analog switch through Z interface for the internal use. The lines remained available at the site are used to provide service for adjacent users. The UA5000 at the No. 1 middle school is connected with a small-sized private branch exchange (PBX) for internal telephone exchange through ISDN PRI

4-14



interface. The UA5000s at other organizations such as hospital and the bank provide subscriber interfaces directly, and they are configured with CENTREX and Console to manage internal traffic. UA5000

PSTN

iManager N2000

MD5500

UA5000

Supermarket

UA5000

UA5000 UA5000

Z interface Analog exchange

Town B

UA5000 Municipal office

UA5000

Steel mill

Town A

Bank

Hospital

School

PBX

POTS

Figure 4–14 Narrowband access application in City D

4.2.3 DDN Service Access The digital data access network in City E comprises the MD5500, the UA5000 and the iManager N2000. The whole subscriber access network consists of one MD5500 and several UA5000s. They form two fiber subscriber ring networks, and one fiber subscriber link. This DDN provides E1 leased line service, Nx64 kbit/s V.35 service, V.35 distance extension service, FE1 service and V.35 sub-rate services (9.6 kbit/s and 19.2 kbit/s). Figure 4–15 shows the networking mode of DDN of City E.

4-15


Chapter 4 Networking Applications DDN Node

UA5000 DDN Node

E1

Police office

E1

MTA V.35

MD5500

iManager N2000

DTE

User terminal Router

UA5000

UA5000

Bank C

Bank D

UA5000 Municipal office UA5000 V.35

UA5000 Bank B

UA5000 Bank A SHDSL

Modem

E1 DDN Node

Police office

V.35 Router MTA Router

V.24 DTE

Figure 4–15 DDN application in City E

4.2.4 IP Egress Application City F is to construct an access network with few access nodes. Each node has a relatively small number of subscribers. The sing-layer networking is suitable here. The broadband services are transmitted to the broadband IP metropolitan area network through FE or GE port of the IPMA board. The narrowband services are sent to PSTN LE through V5 interface of the PV8 board over the SDH/Metro transmission system. This networking enables broadband and narrowband integrated NMS. The broadband and narrowband services can be managed using the iManager N2000 NMS. Figure 4–16 shows the networking in which the broadband services are transmitted upstream through IP port.

4-16



PSTNIP/ DDN

PSTN PSTN/DDN / DDN

E1

iManagerN2000

Router

HDLC E1/V5 FE/GE

FE/GE

UA5000

UA5000

ADM E1/V5

ADM

ADM ADM

E1/V5

Office C

Office A

E1/V5

UA5000

FE/GE

Office B

A Residential community Or an enterprise

Figure 4–16 IP egress networking

4.2.5 NGN Migration City G is to construct an NGN-ready network. The HONET can cooperate with the SoftSwitch to carry voice services over IP networks, which achieves migration from the circuit switching network to the NGN. The TDM subscribers and VoIP subscribers can coexist in this network. The HONET serves as a voice gateway and a broadband data gateway. Figure 4–17 shows a NGN-ready network using the HONET.

4-17


ATM

DDN E1


PSTN

IP FE/GE

V5

STM-1/4 UA5000

MD5500 UA5000

H.248 SoftSwitch

H.248 UA5000

MSTP

UA5000

UA5000

UA5000 UA5000

LAN POTS(VolP) ISDN V.24 xDSL V.35 Swicth FAX over IP E1 Modem over IP

Figure 4–17 HONET NGN-ready application

4-18

LAN POTS(VolP) ISDN V.24 xDSL Swicth FAX over IP V.35 E1 Modem over IP


Chapter 5 Network Management System

Chapter 5 Network Management System The HONET supports CLI NMS and GUI NMS to provide powerful and flexible network management functions. This chapter describes these two NMS modes in detail.

5.1 CLI NMS The HONET supports CLI NMS, through which you can manage the whole HONET system.

5.1.1 Running Environment The CLI NMS can be achieved using operating system attached programs like Telnet and HyperTerminal. It doesn’t require extra NMS software. For example, to maintain the system through serial port connection, you can use the HyperTerminal of Windows OS; or to maintain the system through Telnet session, you can use the Telnet client software.

5.1.2 NMS Functions The HONET CLI can configure all services for the HONET system. Its major functions are listed as follows:

I. Provides comprehensive commands The HONET CLI supports all commands that are used to configure and maintain the HONET system.

II. Supports local and remote maintenance The HONET CLI supports local and remote maintenance through serial port or Ethernet port. The HONET has embedded Telnet server, which supports multiple concurrent online sessions.

III. Supports hierarchical protection The HONET CLI supports hierarchical protection. This function prevents unauthorized access and operations. For commands that may interrupt services, the system will give prompts.

5-1



IV. Provides easy online help The HONET CLI provides rich and easy online help. This eases the operation.

V. Supports intelligent match The HONET CLI interpreter supports incomplete searching method for key words. To obtain a certain interpretation, you need to enter the non-conflicting key words.

VI. Supports retrieval of history commands The CLI provides a function similar to the Doskey. With this function, the executed commands can be saved automatically, and you can retrieve them from the CLI at any time to execute them again.

5.2 GUI NMS The HONET provides NMS interface to communicate with the iManager N2000 through SNMP. The iManager N2000 is a GUI NMS developed by Huawei. It adopts client/server architecture. It is of modular design and supports multiple operating systems and databases. The iManager N2000 provides user friendly GUI to achieve centralized network management.

5.2.1 Running Environment I. Server configuration 1)

Hardware configuration

The iManager N2000 server can run on a PC server or a UNIX workstation. The server configuration varies with management requirements. See Table 5–1 for details. Table 5–1 iManager N2000 server and its manageability Management capacity

Recommended server configuration

800 equivalent nodes

PC server (such as PE2600-XEON): CPU: 1.8 GHz or above; RAM: 1024 MB (4*256 MB); hard disk: 36GB.


PC server (such as PE2600-2*XEON): CPU: 1.8 GHz or above; RAM: 2 GB (4*512 MB); Hard disk: 3*36GB.

5-2



Management capacity

Recommended server configuration


PC server (such as PE6600-4*XEON): CPU: 1.4GHz or above; RAM: 4 GB (4*1GB); Hard disk: 5*36GB.


Workstation (such as Blade 2000): CPU: 900 MHz (8 MB Cache); RAM: 1GB; Hard disk: 2*73GB.


Workstation (such as Blade 2000): CPU: 2*900MHz (8 MB Cache); RAM: 2GB; hard disk: 2*73GB.


Workstation (such as Fire V480): CPU: 2*1.05GHz (8 MB Cache); RAM: 4GB; hard disk: 2*73GB.


Workstation (such as Fire V480): CPU 4*1.05GHz (8M Cache); RAM: 8GB; hard disk: 2*73GB.

The network manageability is measured using equivalent nodes. The translation of the equivalent nodes is shown in Table 5–2. Table 5–2 Equivalent node translation Device type MD5500

Quantity

Equivalent node

Per MD5500

5

Per 100 PSTN/ISDN ports

1

Per 40 xDSL ports

1

xDSL device

Per 40 ports

1

NMS client

Per client

10

UA5000

2)

Software configuration

z

Windows platform: Windows 2000 Server + SQL Server2000

z

UNIX platform: Solaris8.0 or later + Sybase 12

z

iManager N2000 software: iManager N2000 server software

II. Client configuration 1)

Hardware configuration

The iManager N2000 client can run on a PC or a UNIX workstation. Since a UNIX workstation is expensive, a PC is recommended. 2)

Software configuration

z

Windows platform: Windows 2000 Professional

z

UNIX platform: Solaris 8.0 or later

z

iManager N2000 software: iManager N2000 client software

5-3



5.2.2 NMS Functions The iManager N2000 has powerful management functions. They are detailed as follows:

I. Supports comprehensive service management The iManager N2000 provides the following management functions: z

Equipment management

z

Voice service management, including V5 interface management, SPC management, VF dedicated line, E&M trunk and direct-dial-in management

z

V5 voice port management, including PSTN port management, ISDN port management and subtending port management

z

ATM connection management, including PVC management and traffic profile management

z

VP Ring service management

z

IMA service management

z

ADSL service management

z

CES port management

z

HONET service integration management

z

Subscriber line test management

The iManager N2000 provides the following functions to facilitate the maintenance operations: z

It provides NE configuration entries through its configuration window, where you can configure hardware and perform service maintenance in a manner of What You See Is What You Get (WYSIWYG).

z

It provides uniform management of multiple components of the HONET, such as the MD5500, UA5000, BSL, RSP, and PV8.

z

It provides all-round management of ADSL service, V5 voice service, Ethernet service and VP Ring service.

z

It provides the configuration profile to support fast service deployment.

z

It collects hardware resources statistics on the selected equipment, allowing you to manage the resource efficiently.

At the same time, integrated with the narrowband HONET GUI console, the iManager N2000 enables you to manage the narrowband and broadband access equipment in a unified manner.

II. Supports easy topology management The iManager N2000 provides a visual topological view to facilitate device management.

5-4



It can upload the topology data of the new network equipment by means of automatic topology discovery.

z

It supports customized topological view.

z

It provides the topological view navigation tree allowing you to navigate views rapidly.

z

It polls and monitors the network equipment regularly, and refreshes its state, so that the network view is consistent with the actual network topological view. The real-time running state of the whole network is displayed in the network view.

z

It supports the topological view filtration. With this function, when there are large numbers of network nodes, you can pay more attention to the running state of the network equipment that you are concerned about.

z

It can indicate the NE and link states in real time. The node color and indicator indicate the device state and alarm information. The subnet color indicates the most severe fault state of the topology objects in the subnet. The link color indicates the link type, state and alarm information.

z

It supports the connection management among network nodes. It can display the relationship between the logical connections and the ports in table. It can also display the information such as the state of the connection, alarm, and performance.

III. Supports powerful fault management The iManager N2000 provides the following fault management functions: z

It supports real time alarm. If a fault occurs at a node, the color of corresponding topology node will change. The iManager N2000 also provides audible and visual alarm functions. It can be connected with an external alarm box. and supports multiple alarm report modes.

z

It handles the fault information by multiple means. It can redefine alarm levels and save alarm information to ensure the system efficiency and stability.

z

It supports alarm filtering. You can customize the filtering rule to output the most concerned alarms, and query the current and history alarms. The query results can be output as a report.

z

It supports alarm filtration profile. The profile can be customized on user level. The alarms a user can query may vary from user to user, which facilitates dividing user authority.

z

It supports the alarm topology positioning. When an alarm occurs, you can jump to the alarm interface from current interface, which lays the foundation for quick troubleshooting.

z

It supports alarm relationship analysis. You can define rules to mask some unimportant alarms to reduce the number of alarms, which helps you locate a fault rapidly.

5-5



IV. Supports flexible performance management The iManager N2000 monitors the equipment performance data in real time. This enables you to keep track of the current running state and performance state of the network. It can also predict the network running state, which helps you make reasonable plans for the management and operation of the network. z

You can view the equipment performance at any time you want, such as port traffic, number of currently online users, and user type. The iManager N2000 can collect and display the performance data in real time.

z

When viewing the performance data, you can determine whether to stop or resume refreshing real-time performance data and to adjust the refreshing frequency.

z

You can collect performance data on a timed basis. By creating tasks, you can collect multiple performance parameters of multiple objects of the device regularly or at the specified time. In addition, you can customize a formula to work out the performance index you are concerned about.

z

You can set the performance alarm threshold. The iManager N2000 provides performance alarm prediction function.

z

You can save the real time performance data view as file in various formats for future use.

V. Supports strong security management The iManager N2000 can perform network management based on different user authorities and different domains. It can divide user’s authorities based on different operations and applications, and can manage equipment based on different geographical positions or actual services. The system security management provides reasonable authority management functions, including user management and user group management. To facilitate the fault recovery and management, it can define the management category for network elements and executable operations, and create operation logs for future check. An administrator can terminate the dangerous operations of other users in time. The user password is encrypted before being saved and transmitted. The iManager N2000 provides the address access control function. Only the user whose IP address is included in the Access Control List (ACL) can get access to the NMS Server. To enhance the user’s access reliability, the iManager N2000 provides excellent authentication measures, including user login authentication and user operation authentication.

5-6



5.3 NMS Networking Modes The HONET supports two NMS networking modes: inband networking and outband networking.

5.3.1 Inband Networking In inband networking mode, the NMS manages equipment through the service channel provided by the managed equipment. Here, the maintenance information is transmitted to the NMS through the service channel. The inband networking mode is flexible and requires no peripheral devices. However, because the maintenance information will occupy the service channel when being transmitted, the maintained equipment cannot be maintained if it is faulty. There are multiple inband networking applications, in which the OLT of the HONET is in different positions of the whole network. The following introduces two commonly used applications.

I. Outband + ATM inband NMS The NMC connects with the ATM switch through a LAN, which connects with the MD5500 or the UA5000 through PVC connections. Here, the NMS networking is achieved by ATM inband channel, so that the NMC can manage the MD5500, the UA5000 and the ATM switch in a unified manner. See Figure 5–1. Integrated NMC Outband IP

Maintenance terminal

ATM switch Internet

MD5500

Web browser

ATM Network

MD5500 UA5000

UA5000

UA5000

PSTN UA5000

ATU-R

UA5000 Subscriber

Figure 5–1 NMS networking diagram (outband + ATM inband)

5-7



II. ATM inband NMS When the NMS networking adopts ATM inband mode, the MD5500 and the UA5000, the MD5500 and ATM switch, ATM switches, NMS Server and ATM switch are networked through PVC connections. Where, the NMS Server is connected with the ATM switch through 155 Mbit/s optical port. Inband communication mode is used between the NMC and all managed equipment. See Figure 5–2. Integrated NMC 155 Mbit/s

Maintenance terminal

ATM switch Internet

MD5500

Web browser

ATM Network

MD5500 UA5000

UA5000

UA5000

PSTN UA5000

ATU-R

UA5000 Subscriber

Figure 5–2 NMS networking diagram (ATM inband)

5.3.2 Outband Networking Outband networking means that the NMS is connected with the managed equipment through non-service channel to manage the equipment. Compared with the inband networking, the outband networking can z

Provide more reliable equipment management channels.

z

Locate the network equipment information in time.

z

Monitor the managed equipment in real time whenever a fault occurs.

Outband networking mode requires additional networking equipment to provide the maintenance channel independent of the service channel. The outband NMS interfaces of the HONET includes serial port and Ethernet port. The HONET supports multiple outband networking modes. Such network resources as DDN, ISDN dedicated line, E1 line, Router and Ethernet can be used for outband networking. See Figure 5–3.

5-8



Integrated NMC Maintenance terminal

Router Router

MD5500

Router

WAN Router

UA5000

UA5000

MD5500

UA5000

ATM switch ATM Network UA5000 ATM switch

ATM switch

Figure 5–3 Outband NMS networking diagram

5-9

UA5000


Chapter 6 Technical Specifications

Chapter 6 Technical Specifications 6.1 Standards Compliance IEEE 802.1p

Traffic class expediting and dynamic multicast filtering

IEEE 802.1Q

IEEE standard for local and metropolitan area networks: Virtual Bridged Local Area Networks

IEEE 802.2

IEEE standard for local and metropolitan area networks Specific requirements Part 2: Logical Link Control

IEEE 802.3

IEEE standard for local and metropolitan area networks: -Specific requirements Part 3: Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection (CSMA/CD) Access Method and Physical Layer Specifications (includes 802.3ab, 802.3ac and 802.3ad)

IEEE 802.3u

Definition of Fast Ethernet (100BTX, 100BT4, 100BFX)

IEEE 802.3x

Definition of Full Duplex operation in a switched LAN

IEEE 802.3z

Definition of Gigabit Ethernet (over Fibre)

ITU-T G.168

Digital network echo cancellers

ITU-T G.702

Digital hierarchy bit rates

ITU-T G.703

Physical / electrical characteristics of hierarchical digital interfaces

ITU-T G.704

Synchronous frame structures used at primary and secondary hierarchical levels

ITU-T G.706

Frame alignment and cyclic redundancy check (CRC) Procedures relating to basic frame structures defined in recommendation G.704

ITU-T G.707

Network Node Interface for the Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH)

ITU-T G.711

Pulse code modulation (PCM) of voice frequencies

ITU-T G.712

Transmission performance characteristics of pulse code modulation channels

ITU-T G.723.1

Dual rate speech coder for multimedia communications transmitting at 5.3 and 6.3 kbit/s

ITU-T G.729

C source code and test vectors for implementation verification of the G.729 8 kbit/s CS-ACELP speech coder

ITU-T G.781

Synchronization layer functions

ITU-T G.783

Characteristics of synchronous digital hierarchy (SDH) equipment functional blocks

ITU-T G.785

Characteristics of a flexible multiplexer in a synchronous digital hierarchy environment

ITU-T G.797

Characteristics of a flexible multiplexer in a plesiochronous digital hierarchy environment

6-1



ITU-T G.803

Architecture of transport networks based on the synchronous digital hierarchy (SDH)

ITU-T G.804

ATM cell mapping into plesiochronous digital hierarchy (PDH)

ITU-T G.811

Timing requirements at the outputs of primary reference clocks suitable for plesiochronous operation of international digital links

ITU-T G.812

Timing requirements of slave clocks suitable for use as node clocks in synchronization networks

ITU-T G.813

Timing characteristics of SDH equipment slave clocks (SEC)

ITU-T G.821

Error performance of an international digital connection operating at a bit rate below the primary rate and forming part of an integrated services digital network

ITU-T G.823

The control of jitter and wander within digital networks which are based on the 2048 kbit/s hierarchy

ITU-T G.824

The control of jitter and wander within digital networks which are based on the 1544 kbit/s hierarchy

ITU-T G.826

Error performance parameters and objectives for international constant bit rate digital paths at or above the primary rate

ITU-T G.902

Framework recommendation on functional access networks (AN): architecture and functions, access type, management and service node aspects

ITU-T G.957

Optical interfaces for equipments and systems relating to the synchronous digital hierarchy

ITU-T G.958

Digital line systems based on the synchronous digital hierarchy for use on optical fibre cables

ITU-T G.960

Access digital section for ISDN basic rate access

ITU-T G.961

Digital transmission system on metallic local lines for ISDN basic rate access

ITU-T G.962

Access digital section for ISDN primary rate at 2048 kbit/s

ITU-T G.964

V-interfaces at the digital local exchange (LE) V5.1-interface (based on 2048 kbit/s) for the support of access network (AN)

ITU-T G.965

V-interfaces at the digital local exchange (LE) V5.2-interface (based on 2048 kbit/s) for the support of access network (AN)

ITU-T G.982

Optical access networks to support services up to the ISDN primary rate or equivalent bit rates

ITU-T G.991.2

Single-pair high-speed digital subscriber line (SHDSL) transceivers

ITU-T G.992.1

Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL) transceivers

ITU-T G.992.2

ITU standard for low-speed Asymmetrical Digital Subscriber Line without voice splitter

ITU-T G.992.3

Asymmetrical digital subscriber line (ADSL) transceivers - 2 (ADSL2)

ITU-T G.992.5

Asymmetrical digital subscriber line (ADSL) transceivers – extended bandwidth ADSL2 (ADSL2plus)

ITU-T G.993.1

Very high speed Digital Subscriber Line Foundation – For consent

6-2



ITU-T G.996.1

Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) Transceiver Testing Procedure

ITU-T G.997.1

Physical layer management for Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) transceivers

ITU-T H.248

Gateway control protocol

ITU-T I.361

B-ISDN ATM layer specification

ITU-T I.363

B-ISDN ATM Adaptation Layer specification

ITU-T I.363.1

B-ISDN ATM Adaptation Layer Specification: Type 1 AAL

ITU-T I.363.5

B-ISDN ATM Adaptation Layer specification, Type 5 AAL

ITU-T I.371

Traffic control and congestion control in B-ISDN

ITU-T I.430

ISDN basic user-network interface layer 1 specification

ITU-T I.431

ISDN primary rate user-network interface layer 1 specification

ITU-T I.432.2

B-ISDN user-network interface-Physical layer specification: 155,520 kbit/s and 622,080 kbit/s operation

ITU-T I.432.3

B-ISDN user-network interface - Physical layer specification: 1544 kbit/s and 2048 kbit/s operation

ITU-T I.610

B-ISDN operation and maintenance principles and functions

ITU-T I.630

ATM protection switching

ITU-T M.3100

Generic network information model

ITU-T Q.811

Lower layer protocol profiles for the Q3 and X interfaces

ITU-T Q.812

Upper layer protocol profiles for the Q3 and X interfaces

ITU-T Q.831

Fault and performance management of V5 interface environments and associated customer profiles

ITU-T Q.921

ISDN user-network interface – Data link layer specification

ITU-T Q.931

ISDN user-network interface layer 3 specification for basic call control

ITU-T T.30

Procedures for document facsimile transmission in the general switched telephone network

ITU-T T.38

Procedures for real-time Group 3 facsimile communication over IP networks

ITU-T V.24

List of definitions for interchange circuits between data terminal equipment (DTE) and data circuit-terminating equipment (DCE)

ITU-T V.36

Modem using the 60-108 kHz frequency band for synchronous data transmission

ITU-T V.90

A digital modem and analogue modem pair for use on the Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) at data signalling rates of up to 56 000 bit/s downstream and up to 33 600 bit/s upstream

ITU-T Y.1310

Transport of IP over ATM in public networks

RFC 0768

User Datagram protocol

RFC 0783

The TFTP Protocol (Revision 2)

6-3



RFC 0791

Internet protocol

RFC 0792

Internet Control Message Protocol

RFC 0793

Transmission Control Protocol

RFC 0826

An Ethernet Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)

RFC 0854

TELNET protocol

RFC 0894

A standard for the transmission of IP datagrams over Ethernet networks

RFC 1112

Host extensions for IP multicasting

RFC 1155

Structure and Identification of Management Information for TCP/IP-based Internets, Network Working Group, May 1990

RFC 1157

Simple Network Management Protocol(SNMP)

RFC 1213

Management Information Base for Network Management of TCP/IP-based internets: MIB-II 2.Draft Standards

RFC 1293

Inverse Address Resolution Protocol

RFC 1332

The PPP Internet Protocol Control Protocol (IPCP)

RFC 1483

Multiprotocol Encapsulation over ATM Adaptation Layer 5

RFC 1549

PPP in HDLC Framing

RFC 1577

Classical IP and ARP over ATM

RFC 1631

The IP Network Address Translator (NAT)

RFC 1723

RIP Version 2(RIP2)

RFC 1771

A Border Gateway Protocol 4(BGP4)

RFC 1994

PPP Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol(CHAP)

RFC 2183

Remote Authentication Dial In User Service(RADIUS)

RFC 2225

Classical IP and ARP Over ATM(IPOA)

RFC 2236

Internet Group Management Protocol Version 2 (IGMP V2)

RFC 2328

OSPF Version 2,Network Working Group, April 1998

RFC 2364

PPP Over AAL5(PPPoA)

RFC 2453

RIP Version 2

RFC 2515

Definitions of Managed Objects for ATM Management

RFC 2960

Stream Control Transmission Protocol

ANSI T1.413 issue 1 & issue 2

Asymmetrical Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL) Metallic Interface Specification (issue 1 & issue 2 )

AF-PHY-0086.000

Inverse Multiplexing for ATM(IMA)Specification Version1.0

AF-PHY-0086.001

Inverse Multiplexing for ATM(IMA)Specification Version1.1

ATM Forum

UNI3.0/3.1 User-Network Interface Version 3.0/3.1

6-4



ATM Forum

TM4.0

Traffic Management Specification Version 4.0

Bellcore GR-2837-CORE

ATM Virtual Path Ring Functionality in SONET Generic Criteria

6.2 Technical Parameters 6.2.1 Physical Specifications Table 6–1 OLT cabinet specifications Cabinet type

H66-22

Dimensions (Width x Depth x Height; mm)

600×600×2200

Maximum weight in full configuration (kg)

230 (with two MD5500 frames)

6-5

Maximum power consumption (W)

900

Power requirement

DC input voltage: -40 57 VDC; AC input voltage: 220VAC±30%, 110VAC±30%; 50/60Hz



Table 6–2 ONU cabinet specifications Dimensions (Width x Depth x Height; mm)

Maximum weight in full configuration (kg)

ONU60A

436.0×420.0×86.1

9.5

110

F02A

600×600×2200

460 (with four batteries and three subscriber frame)

1020 (three frames)

F02AF

600×600×2200

390 (with three front-access subscriber frames)

1243 (three frames)

875×400×950

150 (not including batteries); Four batteries weight 50 kg (12.5 kg each)

1163 (including maximum power consumption of temperature control device: 400)

1250×550×1200

250 (not including batteries); Eight batteries weight 100 kg (12.5 kg each)


1550×550×1550

350 (not including batteries); Eight batteries weight 208 kg (26 kg each).


1900x550x1650

650 (not including batteries); Eight batteries weight 208 kg (26 kg each)


Cabinet type

F01D-100

F01D-200

F01D-500

F01D-1000

Maximum power consumption (W)

Power requirement

DC input voltage: -40-57VDC AC voltage:

input

4840 power module: 150 300VAC, 47- 63 Hz; 4845 power module: 150-280VAC, 85-143VAC, 47- 63 Hz

Table 6–3 OLT/ONU frame specifications Frame name OLT

ONU


Applicable cabinet

MD5500B

482.60×420.00×444.50

H66-22 front-access cabinet

MD5500G

482.60×420.00×444.50

H66-22 front-access cabinet

482.60×420.00×266.70

Standard 19-inch cabinet

PV8-19 or RSP-19

794.00×308.00×280.00

ONU-512A or ONU-1000A cabinet

UAM or UAS

482.60×420.00×266.70

Standard 19-inch cabinet

PV8-10, RSP-10, RSP-14

PV8-12, RSP-12 or

6-6




Frame name

ONU

Applicable cabinet

UAFM or UAFS

482.60×350.00×488.95

Standard 19-inch cabinet, F01D-200, F01D-500 or F01D-1000 cabinet

UAFX

310.00×311.20×486.10

F01D-100 cabinet

6.2.2 Environment Parameters I. Operating environment The MD5500 is indoor fixed equipment working in air conditioning environment. Table 6–4 shows the operating temperature and humidity conditions of the MD5500: Table 6–4 Operating temperature and humidity requirement Equipment name MD5500

Temperature (°C)

Relative humidify (%)

-5°C – 45°C

5% – 90%

Table 6–5 shows the working temperature and humidity conditions of the ONU: Table 6–5 ONU working temperature and humidity requirement Temperature (°C) Equipment name

Outdoor ONU

Working temperature With sun exposure

Without sun exposure

With air conditioner

-25°C 55°C

–

-25°C– 60°C

With heat exchanger

-45°C 50°C

–

Indoor ONU

Storage temperature

Relative humidify (%) Long-term working conditions

Short-term working conditions

10% – 85%

5% – 95%

10% – 85%

5% – 95%

10% – 85%

5% – 95%

-45°C–70°C -45°C– 55°C

0°C – 45°C

-10°C– 55°C

* Short-term refers to the period within consecutive 48 hours each occurrence and 15 days a year.

II. Air pressure 70 - 106 kPa

6-7



III. Neatness Density of dust with diameter over 5µm is less than or equal to 3x104 granules/m3. The dust granule is non-conductive, non-magneto-conductive and non-corrosive.

IV. Chemical environment The chemical requirements for storage and transportation environment are listed in Table 6–6. Table 6–6 Density requirement of chemical active materials Active material

Unit

Density

SO2

mg/m³

≤0.30

H2S

mg/m³

≤0.10

NO2

mg/m³

≤0.50

NH3

mg/m³

≤1.00

Cl2

mg/m³

≤0.10

HCl

mg/m³

≤0.10

HF

mg/m³

≤0.01

O3

mg/m³

≤0.05

6.3 System Performance 6.3.1 Integrated System Performance Table 6–7 MD5500 system performance Index

MD5500B

TDM switching capacity

4k x 4k

Broadband switching capacity

5 Gbit/s

Maximum number of V5 interfaces

64

Maximum number of VP Rings

3

Maximum number of POTS subscribers (TDM)

16000

Maximum number of POTS subscribers (VoIP)

5000

Maximum number of ISDN 2B+D subscribers

4000

Maximum number of ISDN 30B+D subscribers

32

6-8

MD5500G 16k x 16k

128

48000



Index

MD5500B

MD5500G

TDM call processing capacity (BHCA)

Larger than 145 k

Larger than 316 k

VoIP call processing capacity (BHCA)

75.6 k

Call processing capacity of VPU board

Each board provides up to 400 G.711 voice channels.

Maximum number of PVCs

32k

Maximum number of PVPs

2k

Maximum number of multicast PVCs

256 (For leaf node, it is 64)

Maximum number of SPCs

1024

Clock stratum

Stratum 3

2048

Table 6–8 UA5000 system performance Narrowband TDM switching capacity

2k x 2k

Broadband (ATM egress) Broadband switching capacity

1.2 Gbit/s

Maximum number of VP Rings

1

Maximum number of PVCs for single frame

8k

Call processing capacity of PVM board

Each board provides up to 60 G.711 voice channels.

Broadband (IP egress) L2 switching capacity

8.8 Gbit/s wire speed

Maximum number of VLANs

256. It can be extended to 4k through load sharing.

Maximum number of PVCs for single frame

1k

802.1p priority

Layer-2 switching identifies 802.1p tag and supports 4 priority queuings (PQs).

Trunk

5 trunk groups. It supports to bind up to 8 FE ports.

Maximum learnable MAC address

8k

Ethernet port

10 FE ports or 8 FE ports with 1 GE port

ONU-independent networking Maximum number of V5 interfaces

16

Maximum number of trunks

16 E1s

6-9



Maximum number of subscribers (including POTS and ISDN)

3600

Maximum number of SPCs

512

HDLC

32

Maximum number of subtended frames

9

Maximum call processing capacity

40k

Maximum number of subscribers of each frame UAM

288 POTS subscribers

144 ADSL subscribers

UAS



UAFM



UAFS



UAFX


96 ADSL subscribers

Clock Clock stratum

Stratum 3

Table 6–9 VoIP performance index Index

Performance

Traffic

200 Mbit/s

Input buffer (Jitter Buffer)

80 ms

Voice objective evaluation

When the network is in good condition: the average of PSQM < 1.5 When the network is in bad condition (the packet loss ratio =1%, network jitter =20ms, delay =100ms): the average of PSQM < 1.8 When the network is in worst condition (the packet loss ratio =5%, network jitter =60ms, delay =400ms): the average of PSQM < 2.0

Voice subjective evaluation

When the network is in good condition: the average of MOS>4.0 When the network is in bad condition (the packet loss ratio =1%, network jitter =20ms, delay =100ms): the average of MOS>3.5 When the network is in worst condition (the packet loss ratio =5%, network jitter =60ms, delay =400ms): the average of MOS>3.0

Voice encoding ratio

G.729a < 18 kbit/s G.723.1 G.723.1 (5.3) < 12 kbit/s, G.723.1 (6.3)< 15 kbit/s

6-10



Index

Performance

Delay index (loopback delay)

-TG.729 < 150 ms, -TG.723.1 < 200 ms

Voice encoding/decoding switchover time

<60 ms

Voice encoding ratio

G.729<18 kbit/s G.723(5.3k)<12 kbit/s, G.723(6.3k)<15kbit/s

Voice delay

G.729<150 ms, G.723<200 ms

6.3.2 System Interface Index Table 6–10 MD5500 interface specification Interface quantity

Interface type

Per board

Per system (Max.)

Interface provided by…

TDM E1

16

118

CESH/DT16

ATM E1

16/8

224

CESH/EA16

IMA E1

32/16

224

IMUB

ATM E3

2

28

AIU

OC-3/STM-1 ATM

4

28

AIC

STM-4 ATM

1

7

AIC

FE (optical or electrical)

8/8/2

56

IPU/EPU/VPU

GE

1

7

IPU/EPU

STM-1 (optical)

2

28

MSUC

STM-1 (electrical)

2

28

MSUC

Table 6–11 UA5000 interface specification Interface type

Interface quantity (per board)


Network interface STM-1 ATM

2

H601APMA/H601AIUA

STM-4 ATM (VP Ring)

2

H601APMA

SDH 155 Mbit/s (STM-1)

2

H601ATUA/H601ATUB

TDM E1 (CES)

16/8

H601DEHA/H601APMA

IMA E1

8

H601APMA/H601AIUA 6-11



Interface type

Interface quantity (per board)


ATM E3

2

H601APMA/H601AIUA

FE (electrical)

1/10 (2 for upstream interface, 8 for subscriber interface)

H601PVM/H601IPMA

FE (optical)

2

H601IPMA

GE (optical)

1

H601IPMA

POTS

16/32

CB36/CB37/CC09/CC0H/CC 0IASL

ISDN BRI

8

CB02/CB03DSL

ISDN PRI

16

H601DEHA

2B1Q

8

CB02/CB03DSL

E1

2/4

H302HSL/H521SDL

CES E1

16

H601DEHA

V.35

2/4

H302HSL

V.24

3

Provided by MTA

Nx64

2

H302HSL

ADSL

16/16/8

H601ADLA/H521BSLA/H521 B08A

ADSL2+

16

H602ADMA

VDSL

16

H601VDLA

TDM SHDSL

2/4

H303HSL/H521SDL

ATM SHDSL

16

H601SDLA

Ethernet

4

H521LSL

2/4-wire VF

16

CB02VFB

FXO

16

CC01CDI

E&M trunk

6

H301/H601ATI

User interface

6-12



6.3.3 Protocols Compliance Table 6–12 Protocols compliance Voice signaling Voice coding/decoding algorithms Gateway control protocol Transmission (control) Echo cancellation Multicast

PSTN signaling and ISDN signaling of V5.1 and V5.2 interface G.711, G.723.1, G.729A H.248, MGCP RTP/RTCP, UDP, TCP/IP G.168 RFC2515

ATM adaptation

ALL1, ALL5

ATM service type

CBR, rt-VBR, nrt-VBR, UBR

Routing protocol

Static route, RIP II, OSPF

NMS

Telnet, SNMP V1/V2/V3

6.4 Interface Technical Specifications 6.4.1 STM-1 Optical Port I. General characteristics Rate: 155 Mbit/s Format: STM-1, ATM Over SDH Category: Intermediate SONET (Synchronous Optical Network) OC3 SDH STM-1 (S1.1) compatible Mode: Single-mode/multi-mode Connector: SC Optical port standard: SAMI interface

II. Optical port parameters Table 6–13 shows the specifications for the single-mode STM-1 optical port.

6-13



Table 6–13 Specifications for single-mode STM-1 optical port Item

Unit

Value

Nominal bit rate

kbit/s

155520

Operating wavelength range

nm

1261-1360

Transmitter at reference point S

Optical source type

None

MLM

Maximum RMS spectral width (σ)

nm

7.7

Maximum -20dB spectral width

nm

None

Minimum side mode suppression ratio

dB

None

Mean launched power

None

None

Maximum mean launched power

dBm

-8

Minimum mean launched power

dBm

-15

Minimum extinction ratio

dB

8.2

Attenuation range

dB

0-12

Maximum dispersion

ps/nm

96

Minimum optical return loss of cable plant at S, including any removable connectors

dB

None

Maximum discrete between S and R

dB

None

Minimum sensitivity

dBm

-28

Minimum overload

dBm

-8

Maximum optical path penalty

dB

1

Maximum reflectance of receiver, measured at R

dB

None


Optical path between S and R

Receiver at reference point R

reflectance

6-14



Table 6–14 shows the specifications for the multi-mode STM-1 optical port. Table 6–14 Specifications for multi-mode STM-1 optical port Item

Unit

Value

Nominal bit rate

kbit/s

155520


nm

1270-1380

Optical source type

None

LED


nm

58

Maximum -20dB spectral width

nm

None


dB

None

Mean launched power

None

None


dBm

-14


dBm

-23.5


dB

35

Attenuation range

dB

0–6

Maximum dispersion

ps/nm

None

Minimum optical return loss of cable plant at S, including any removable connectors

dB

None

Maximum discrete between S and R

dB

None

Minimum sensitivity

dBm

-30

Minimum overload

dBm

-14


dB

None


dB

None




reflectance

III. Mean launched power The mean launched optical power means the mean power of a pseudo-random data sequence coupled into the fiber by the transmitter measured at reference point S. Table 6–15 shows the specifications of mean launched power of the optical port.

6-15



Table 6–15 Specifications of mean launched power of optical port STM level of optical port STM-1

Optical port type

Standard requirement (dBm)

Equipment typical value (dBm)

Single-mode

-15 – -8

-11.0

Multi-mode

None

-19

IV. Extinction ratio (EX) Extinction ratio is the ratio of average optical power of the reflected optical signal to that of unreflected optical signal under the conditions of worst reflection and full modulation. Table 6–16 shows the specifications of extinction ratio of the optical port. Table 6–16 Specifications of extinction ratio STM level of optical port STM-1

Optical port type

Standard requirement (dB )

Equipment typical value (dB)

Single-mode

> 8.2

10.5

Multi-mode

None

35

V. Receiver sensitivity (BER=1×10-10) Receiver sensitivity is defined as the minimum mean received optical power at reference point R to achieve the BER of 1×10-10. Table 6–17 shows the specifications of receiver sensitivity of the optical port. Table 6–17 Specifications of receiver sensitivity STM level of optical port STM-1



Single-mode

< -28

-37

Multi-mode

None

-30

Optical port type

VI. Receiver overload optical power (BER=1×10-10) Receiver overload power is the maximum acceptable value of the average optical power received at reference point R to achieve the BER of 1×10-10. Table 6–18 shows the specifications of receiver overload power of the optical port.

6-16



Table 6–18 Specifications of receiver overload power STM level of optical port STM-1



Single-mode

> -8

-5

Multi-mode

None

-14

Optical port type

VII. Permitted frequency deviation of optical input interface Permitted frequency deviation of the optical input interface means that the long-time frequency stability of the internal oscillator of the regenerator running in the free-run mode must not be less than ±20×10-6, so that the downstream SDH equipment can still work normally when receiving such signals. Table 6–19 shows the specifications of permitted frequency deviation of the optical input interface. Table 6–19 Specifications of permitted frequency deviation of optical input interface STM level of optical port

Standard requirement (ppm)

STM-1

±20

Equipment typical value (ppm) Positive frequency deviation +50

Negative frequency deviation -50

VIII. AIS rate of optical output interface Alarm Indication Signal (AIS) rate of the optical output interface refers to the AIS rate outputted from the output interface to the downstream in case of such failures as loss of signals of SDH equipment input interface. Table 6–20 shows the specifications of AIS rate of the optical output interface. Table 6–20 Specifications of AIS rate of optical output interface STM level of optical port STM-1

Standard requirement (ppm) ±20

Equipment typical value (ppm) 1

6.4.2 155 Mbit/s Electric Port I. Signal rate tolerance of output interface The signal rate tolerance of the output interface means the deviation between the output signal rate and the nominal bit rate measured when the AIS is outputted. Table 6-17



6–21 shows the requirements of the signal rate tolerance of the output interface of the 155 Mbit/s electric port. Table 6–21 Signal rate tolerance of output interface Electric port type


155520 kbit/s

±20

II. Permitted attenuation of input interface The cable used to connect equipment (complying with the rule of

f ) has a certain

signal loss. It is required that signals after the loss should be received by the input interface of the equipment correctly. Table 6–22 shows the permitted attenuation requirements of the input interface of the 155 Mbit/s electric port. Table 6–22 Permitted attenuation of input interface Electric port type

Standard requirement (dB)

155520 kbit/s

0 – 12.7

III. Permitted frequency deviation of input interface The input permitted frequency deviation means the maximum of the permitted deviation of the input signal bit rate of the digital input interface. Table 6–23 shows the requirements of permitted frequency deviation of the input interface of the 155 Mbit/s electric port. Table 6–23 Permitted frequency deviation of the input interface Electric port type


155520 kbit/s

±20

IV. Protection switching time of interface STM-1 electric port has the protection function. The switching time means the service interruption time when switching occurs. Table 6–24 shows the requirements of the protection switching time of the interface.

6-18



Table 6–24 Switching time Electric port type


155520 kbit/s

50

V. Reflection attenuation of input and output interfaces The reflection attenuation of the input and output interfaces defines the nominal impedance of the interface and the reflection attenuation. Table 6–25 shows the requirements of the reflection attenuation of input and output interfaces. Table 6–25 Reflection attenuation of input and output interfaces Test frequency range

Electric port type 155520 kbit/s

8000 – 240000

Reflection attenuation (dB) ≥15

Impedance (Ω) 75

VI. Output jitter of interface The output jitter of interface means the inherent jitter of the output interface if the synchronous interface has no input jitter with the test time over 60 seconds. Table 6–26 shows the requirements of the output jitter of the 155 Mbit/s electric port. Table 6–26 Jitter of output interface Output jitter of electric port (UI-pp)

STM interface level STM-1

B1 (f1 - f4) 1.5

B2 (f3 - f4) 0.075

VII. Input jitter of interface The input jitter of interface means the input jitter that the SDH line terminal and regenerator can tolerate at least and that will not cause the decrease of the performance. Table 6–27 and Table 6–28 show the requirements of the input jitter tolerance of the 155 Mbit/s electric port.

6-19



Table 6–27 Input jitter tolerance STM interface level STM-1

Jitter tolerance Jitter frequency f1

Jitter frequency f2

Jitter frequency f3

≥1.5

≥1.5

≥0.15

Jitter frequency f4 ≥0.15

Table 6–28 Frequency of jitter measurement filter STM interface level STM-1

f1 (Hz)

F2 (kHz)

500

6.5

f3 (kHz) 65

6.4.3 STM-4 Optical Port I. General characteristics Rate: 622 Mbit/s Format: STM-4, ATM Over SDH Category: Intermediate SONET OC12C SDH STM-4C compatible. Mode: Single-mode. Connector: SC. Optical port standard: SAMI interface.

II. Optical port parameters Table 6–29 lists the parameters for the STM-4 optical port.

6-20

f4 (MHz) 1.3



Table 6–29 Parameters for STM-4 optical port Item

Unit

Value

Nominal bit rate

kbit/s

622080


nm

1274–1356

Optical source type

None

MLM


nm

2.5

Max. -20dB spectral width

nm

None


dB

None

Mean launched power

None

None


dBm

-8


dBm

-15


dB

8.2

Attenuation range

dB

0–12

Maximum dispersion

ps/nm

74

Minimum optical return loss of cable plant at S (including any removable connectors)

dB

None

Maximum discrete reflectance between S and R

dB

None

Minimum sensitivity

dBm

-28

Minimum overload

dBm

-8


dB

1


dB

None

Transmitter at reference Point S



III. Mean launched power The mean launched optical power means the mean power of a pseudo-random data sequence coupled into the fiber by the transmitter measured at reference point S. Table 6–30 shows the specifications of mean launched power of the optical port. Table 6–30 Specifications of mean launched power STM level of optical port STM-4

Optical port type S-4.1

6-21



-15 – -8

-13.5



IV. Extinction ratio (EX) Extinction ratio is the ratio of average optical power of the reflected optical signal to that of unreflected optical signal under the conditions of worst reflection and full modulation. Table 6–31 shows the specifications of extinction ratio of the optical port. Table 6–31 Specifications of extinction ratio STM level of optical port STM-4

Optical port type S-4.1

Standard requirement (dB ) > 8.2

Equipment typical value (dB) 8.5

V. Receiver sensitivity (BER=1×10-10) Receiver sensitivity is defined as the minimum mean received optical power at reference point R to achieve the BER of 1×10-10. Table 6–32 shows the specifications of receiver sensitivity of optical port. Table 6–32 Specifications of receiver sensitivity STM level of optical port STM-4

Optical port type



S-4.1

< -28

-30

VI. Receiver overload optical power (BER=1×10-10) Receiver overload power is the maximum acceptable value of the average optical power received at the reference point R to achieve the BER of 1×10-10. Table 6–33 shows the specifications of receiver overload power of the optical port. Table 6–33 Specifications of receiver overload power STM level of optical port STM-4

Optical port type



S-4.1

> -8

> -4

VII. Permitted frequency deviation of optical input interface Permitted frequency deviation of optical input interface means that the long-time frequency stability of the internal oscillator of the regenerator running in the free-run mode must not be less than ±20×10-6, so that the downstream SDH equipment can still work normally when receiving such signals. Table 6–34 shows the specifications of permitted frequency deviation of the optical input interface.

6-22



Table 6–34 Specifications of permitted frequency deviation of optical input interface STM level of optical port


STM-4

±20

Equipment typical value (ppm) Positive frequency deviation +50

Negative frequency deviation -50

VIII. AIS rate of optical output interface AIS rate of the optical output interface refers to the AIS rate outputted from the output interface to the downstream in case of such failures as loss of signal at SDH equipment input interface. Table 6–35 shows the specifications of AIS rate of the optical output interface. Table 6–35 Specifications of AIS rate of optical output interface STM level of optical port STM-4

Standard requirement (ppm) ±20

Equipment typical value (ppm) ±1

6.4.4 Gigabit Ethernet Optical Port I. General characteristics Rate: 1000 Mbit/s Format: 1000BASE-FX (IEEE802.3z) Mode: Single-mode/multi-mode Connector: SC Optical port standard: GPCS interface

II. Multi-mode technical specifications z

Transmitter optical feature:

Refer to Table 6–36 (environment temperature is 0°C - 70°C).

6-23



Table 6–36 Parameters for 1000 Mbit/s multi-mode optical transmitter Parameter

Icon

Min. value

Typical value

Output optical power 50/125µm, NA=0.20 optical fiber

POUT

-9.5

None

-4

Output optical power 62.5/125µm, NA=0.20 optical fiber

POUT

-9.5

None

-4

Extinction ratio

None

9

None

None

dB

Note 2

Central wavelength

None

830

850

860

nm

None

Spectral width rms

None

None

None

0.85

ns rms

None

tr/tf

None

None

0.26

ns

Notes and 4

RIN12

None

None

None

-117

dB/Hz

None

Coupling power ratio

CPR

9

None

None

dB

Note 5

Total jitter of transmitter at point TP2

None

None

None

227

ps

Note 6

Optical duration

z

pulse

rise/fall

Max. value

Unit dBm (Average) dBm (Average)

Note

Note 1

Note 1

3

Receiver optical feature:

Refer to Table 6–37 (environment temperature is 0°C - 70 °C). Table 6–37 Parameters for 1000 Mbit/s multi-mode optical receiver Parameter

Icon

Input optical power

PIN

Strain gauge type receiver sensitivity

62.5µm 50µm

Min. value

Typical value

-17

None

None

None

Max. value 0

Unit dBm (Average)

-12.5

dBm

-13.5

(Average)

Note Note 7

None

TP4 point strain gauge type receiver eye pattern openness

None

201

None

None

ps

Note 6

Central operating wavelength

None

770

None

860

nm

None

End frequency on receiver 3dB bandwidth

None

None

None

1500

MHz

Note 8

Return loss

None

12

None

None

dB

Note 9

6-24



Note 1: The maximum output optical power is in compliance with the IEEE 802.3z specifications and meets the first type laser human eye safety considerations. Note 2: Extinction ratio is the ratio of average output optical power of output code “0” to that of output code “1” of transmitter. Note 3: 20%-80% value without filtering. Note 4: Laser pulse effect feature can be provided by the eye pattern. The output wave shape meets the requirements of the part 38.6.5 of the IEEE 802.3 z about eye pattern mask. Note 5: CPR is measured according to the standards in the part 38.6.10 of the IEEE 802.3 z and the EIA/TIA-526-14A. Note 6: P is the turning point defined in the part 38.2.1 of the IEEE 802.3 z. Note 7: Receiver sensitivity is sampled in the center of the eye pattern and measured on the condition of worst extinction ratio deterioration. Note 8: Receiver 3dB bandwidth is measured using the indices listed in the part 38.6.11 of the IEEE 802.3 z. Note 9: Return loss is defined as the minimum loss of the received optical power in reflecting in the optical fiber.

III. Single-mode technical specifications z

Transmitter optical feature:

Refer to Table 6–38: (the environment temperature is 0°C - 70°C). Table 6–38 Parameters for 1000 Mbit/s single-mode optical transmitter Parameter Output power

Min. value

Icon

Typical value

Max. value

optical POUT

-9.5

None

-3

9mm SMF Output optical power 62.5/125mm MMF

POUT

50mm MMF

-11.5

None

-11.5

Unit dBm (Average)

-3

dBm

-3

(Average)

Note

Note 1

Note 1

Extinction ratio

None

9

None

None

dB

Note 2

Central wavelength

None

1285

1310

1343

nm

None

Spectral width rms

None

None

None

2.8

ns rms

None

6-25


Parameter

z


Min. value

Icon

Typical value

Max. value

Unit

Note

Optical pulse rise/fall duration

tr/tf

None

None

0.26

ns

Notes 3 and 4

RIN12

None

None

None

-120

dB/Hz

None

Total jitter of transmitter at TP2

None

None

None

227

ps

Note 5

Receiver optical feature:

Refer to Table 6–39 (environment temperature is 0°C - 70°C). Table 6–39 Parameters for 1000 Mbit/s single-mode optical receiver Min. value

Typical value

PIN

-20

None

-3

Strain gauge type receiver sensitivity

None

None

None

-14.4

TP4 point strain gauge type receiver eye pattern openness

None

201

None

None

ps

Note 5

Central operating wavelength

None

1270

None

1355

nm

None

End frequency on receiver 3dB bandwidth

None

None

None

1500

MHz

Note 7

Return loss

None

12

None

None

dB

Note 8

Parameter Input power

optical

Icon

Max. value

Unit dBm (Average) dBm (Average)

Note Note 6

None

Note 1: The maximum output optical power is in compliance with the IEEE 802.3z specifications and meets the first type laser human eye safety considerations. Note 2: Extinction ratio is the ratio of average output optical power of output code “0” to that of output code “1” of transmitter. Note 3: 20%-80% value without filtering. Note 4: Laser pulse effect feature can be provided by the eye pattern. The output wave shape meets the requirements of the part 38.6.5 of the IEEE 802.3 z about eye pattern mask. Note 5: TP is the turning point defined in the part 38.2.1 of the IEEE 802.3 z. 6-26



Note 6: Receiver sensitivity is sampled in the center of the eye pattern and measured on the condition of worst extinction ratio deterioration. Note 7: Receiver 3dB bandwidth is measured according to the indices listed in the part 38.6.11 of the IEEE 802.3 z. Note 8: Return loss is defined as the minimum loss of the received optical power in reflecting in the optical fiber.

6.4.5 Fast Ethernet Optical Port I. General characteristics Rate: 100 Mbit/s Format: 100BASE-FX (IEEE802.3u) Mode: Single-mode/multi-mode. Connector: MTRJ. Optical port standard: SAMI interface.

II. Optical port parameters The 100 Mbit/s Ethernet multi-mode optical port parameters are shown in Table 6–40 and Table 6–41: Table 6–40 Parameters for 100 Mbit/s Ethernet multi-mode optical port (transmitting) Parameter Output optical power BOL 62.5/125µm, NA=0.275 EOL Output optical power BOL 62.5/125µm, NA=0.20 EOL

Min. value

Icon PO

PO

-19 -20 -22.5 -22.5

Typical value

Max. value

Unit

-15.7

-14

dBm

None

-14

dBm

0.05

0.2

%

-50

-35

dB

Extinction ratio

None

None

"0" code output optical power

PO(“0”)

None

None

-45

dBm (Average)

Central wavelength

λc

1270

1308

1380

nm

∆λ

None

None

ns

tr

0.6

3

ns

Spectral width - FWHM -RMS Optical pulse rise duration

6-27

147 63 1.2



Parameter

Min. value

Icon

Typical value

Max. value

Unit

Optical pulse fall duration

tf

0.6

2

3

ns

Transmitter system jitter

SJ

None

0.04

1.2

ns p-p

Transmitter random jitter

RJ

None

0

0.52

ns p-p

Table 6–41 Parameters for 100 Mbit/s Ethernet multi-mode optical port (receiving) Parameter

Icon

Min. value

Typical value

Max. value

Unit

Input optical power minimum (edge of eye pattern)

PIN Min (W)

None

None

-30

dBm (Average)

Input optical power minimum (in the center of the eye pattern)

PIN Min (C)

None

None

-31

dBm (Average)

Maximum input optical power

PIN Max

-14

None

None

dBm (Average)

Operating wavelength

λ

1270

None

1380

Nm

Receiver system jitter

SJ

None

0.2

1.2

nm

Receiver random jitter

RJ

None

1

1.91

ns p-p

Signal monitoring alarm – start

PA

PD+1.5dB

None

-31

dBm (Average)

Signal monitoring alarm - close

PD

-45

None

None

dBm (Average)

Signal monitoring alarm – delayed

PA-PD

1.5

None

None

dB

Signal monitoring alarm start time (from 0 to 1)

None

0

2

100

µs

Signal monitoring alarm close time (from 1 to 0)

None

0

5

350

µs

The 100 Mbit/s Ethernet single-mode optical port parameters are listed in Table 6–42 and Table 6–43:

6-28



Table 6–42 Parameters for 100 Mbit/s Ethernet single-node optical port (transmitting) Parameter

Icon

Typical value

Min. value

Max. value

Unit

Supply current

Icc

None

50

120

mA

Power consumption

PDISS

None

0.17

0.42

W

Output optical power

PO

-15

None

-8

dBm (Average)

Central wavelength

λ

1261

None

1360

Nm

Spectral width

∆λ

None

None

7.7

nm

Extinction ratio

Er

8.2

None

None

dB

Output optical eye pattern

In compliance with the requirement for eye pattern mask in Bellcore TR-NWT-000253 and ITU G.957 Recommendation

Optical pulse rise duration

tR

None

None

2

ns

Optical pulse fall duration

tF

None

None

2

ns

Data input current (low)

IiL

-200

None

None

mA

Data input current (high)

IiH

None

None

200

mA

Data input voltage (low level)

ViL-Vcc

-1.81

None

-1.48

V

Data input voltage (high level)

ViH-Vcc

-1.17

None

-0.88

V

Table 6–43 Parameters for 100 Mbit/s Ethernet single-mode optical port (receiving) Parameter

Min. value

Icon

Typical value

Max. value

Unit

Supply current

Icc

None

75

100

mA

Power consumption

PDISS

None

0.26

0.35

W

Sensitivity of receiver in the center of eye pattern

PIN Min(C)

None

None

-31.8

dBm (Average)

Sensitivity of receiver at the edge of eye view

PIN Min(W)

None

None

-31

dBm (Average)

Maximum input optical power

PIN Max

-8

None

None

dBm (Average)

Operating wavelength

λ

1261

None

1360

Nm

Data output voltage (low)

Vol-Vcc

-1.84

None

-1.62

V

Data output (high)

VoH-Vcc

-1.04

None

-0.88

V

voltage

6-29


Parameter


Min. value

Icon

Typical value

Max. value

Unit

Signal monitoring output voltage (low)

Vol-Vcc

-1.84

None

-1.62

V

Signal monitoring output voltage (high)

VoH-Vcc

-1.04

None

-0.88

V

Signal monitoring alarm – start

PA

PD+1.5dB

None

-34

dBm (Average)

Signal monitoring alarm close

PD

-45

None

None

dBm (Average)

Signal monitoring alarm – delayed

PA-PD

0.5

None

4

dB

Signal monitoring alarm start time (from 0 to 1)

AS_Max

0

None

100

µs

Signal monitoring alarm close time (from 1 to 0)

ANS_Max

0

None

350

µs

Power suppression

PSNR

None

None

50

mV

noise

6.4.6 Fast Ethernet Electric Port I. General characteristics Rate: 10/100 Mbit/s compatible Format: 10BASE-T/100BASE-TX Mode: UTP/STP. Connector: RJ-45.

II. Parameters for Fast Ethernet electric port 1)

Transmitter interface parameters

z

Transmitter differential output voltage

Differential output voltage is the difference between the voltage of both ends of the balance circuit. The transmitter differential output voltage is the voltage difference between the differential line TD+ and TD-. The specifications of the transmitter differential output voltage of Fast Ethernet port are: STP: 1165 mV ≤Vout ≤ 1285 mV UTP: 950 mV ≤ Vout ≤ 1050 mV z

Signal amplitude symmetry 6-30



Signal amplitude symmetry is the ratio of absolute value of + Vout to that of –Vout. The specification of the transmitter differential output voltage of Fast Ethernet port is:

0.98 ≤ z

+ Vout ≤ 1.02 − Vout

Impedance return loss

Impedance return loss indicates the impedance matching. The calculation formula is: Xr=20lg|(Z+R)/(Z-R)|. Z is the actual impedance, and R is the nominal impedance. The nominal impedance of UTP is 100Ω, and that of STP is 150Ω. The impedance return loss of the Fast Ethernet port in the range of 2.0 MHz - 80 MHz meets the following requirements: 2 MHz - 30 MHz: >16 dB 30 MHz - 60 MHz: >16 - 20log (f/30) dB

f: frequency (unit: MHz)

60 MHz - 80 MHz: >10 dB z

Signal edge rise/fall duration

The rise duration refers to the time needed for signal voltage to rise from the base voltage (normally 0) to steady-state value + Vout or –Vout when a signal is transient. The fall time refers to the time needed for signal voltage to fall from + Vout /- Vout to base voltage when signal is transient. In general, the value is 10% - 90% of Vout. The rise and fall duration should meet the following requirements: 3.0 ns ≤ trise/tfall ≤ 5.0 ns. The maximum difference between trise and tfall should be less than 0.5 ns. z

Wave shape overshoot

Wave shape overshoot reflects the relationship between the steady-state value Vout and signal overshoot peak value Vover (maximum change in relative to the steady-state value in jumping). The ratio of Vover to Vout meets the following technical requirement: Vover is less than 5% of Vout and attenuates to less than 1% within 8 ns. z

Duty ratio distortion

Duty ratio distortion refers to the change of pulse width in the transmission process due to the distortion and time delay. It changes the ratio of the pulse continuity duration to the non-pulse continuity duration. The duty ratio distortion of the Fast Ethernet port should be less than ±0.5 ns. z

Jitter

The jitter of the Fast Ethernet port output should be less than 0.5 ns. 2)

Receiver interface parameters

6-31



Receiver differential input

The receiver differential input should meet the technical requirements about twisted pair specified in the ANSI X3.263. For the UTP, there are 5 models available. Their attenuations are 5%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% of the worst attenuation. For the STP, only one attenuation value is available, which is 100% of the worst attenuation. z

Differential input impedance

This specification is represented by return impedance. The UTP nominal impedance is 100Ω, and the STP nominal impedance is 150Ω. The impedance return loss in the range of 2.0 MHz - 80 MHz should meet the following requirements: 2 MHz - 30 MHz: >16 dB 30 MHz - 60 MHz: >16 - 20log (f/30) dB

f: frequency (unit. MHz)

60 MHz - 80 MHz: >10 dB z

Common-mode suppression ability

The input end should resist the sinusoidal common-mode interference with the frequency range of 0 - 125 MHz and amplitude of 1.0 Vpp.

6.4.7 E1 Port I. General characteristics of 2048 kbit/s electric port z

Bit rate: 2048 kbit/s

z

Bit rate error tolerance: ±50 ppm

z

Code pattern: HDB3

II. Overvoltage protection at input interface and output interface The input and output interfaces can keep undamaged under the following test: 10 standard electric pulses (1.2/50 ms) with the maximum amplitude as UI (five negative pulses and five positive pulses). z

Differential mode: U=20 V DC

z

Common mode: U=100 V DC

III. E1 port specifications The specifications of the output interface are shown in Table 6–44.

6-32



Table 6–44 Specifications for output interface Index

Value

Pulse shape (nominal shape: rectangle)

No matter what the symbol is, all of the “marks” of the valid signals must be in compliance with the sample in Figure 6–1 (in the figure, the V value corresponds to the nominal peak value).

Pair in each transmission direction

A coaxial pair

A symmetric pair

Test load impedance

75Ω

120Ω

Nominal peak value voltage of signal pulse

2.37 V

3V

Peak value voltage of vacant number (no pulse)

0 ± 0.237 V

0 ± 0.3 V

Nominal pulse width

244 ns

Middle point of pulse, amplitude ratio of positive pulse to negative pulse

0.95 – 1.05

Nominal half amplitude, width ratio of positive pulse to negative pulse

0.95 – 1.05

The specifications of the input interface are detailed as follows: z

Signal specifications

The digital signals at the input interface must be in compliance with the pulse sample in Figure 6–1, but can be changed according to the characteristics of the connected pairs.

6-33



Figure 6–1 Pulse sample of 2048 kbit/s interface z

Attenuation permission

It should be assumed that the attenuation of this kind of pair complies with the rule of

f , and the attenuation on the frequency of 1024Hz should be in the range of 0dB and 6dB. This attenuation value should include all losses imported by the digital distribution frame between equipment. z

Reflection loss

The reflection loss of the input interface should be the minimum shown in Table 6–45. Table 6–45 Minimum of reflection loss of input interface Frequency range (kHz)

z

Reflection loss (dB)

51 – 102

12

102 – 2048

18

2048 – 3072

14

Anti-interference ability

No error code should be generated when the following interference signal is inputted.

6-34



The features of the interference signal are as follows. The interfenrence signal has the same nominal frequency, error tolerance, wave shape and code pattern with those of the main signal, but these two signals are not from the same source. The ratio of the main signal to the interference signal is 18dB.

IV. Jitter and drift performance Jitter and drift tolerance of digital input interface

z

The input jitter and drift tolerance of the 2048 kbit/s interface are shown in Figure 6–2. Characteristics of typical frame regulator

Peak-peak jitter and drift amplitude value (Logarithm) A0 A3

Slope is 20dB/10-time frequency interval A1

A2

Jitter frequency f0

f10 f 9

f8

f1

f2

f3

f4

(Logarithm)

Figure 6–2 Input jitter and drift tolerance z

Tributary mapping jitter

The PDH tributary interface at different rates prescribed by the ITU-T G.703 Recommendation and mapping jitter specifications, and their corresponding test filter characteristics are shown in Table 6–46. The response of the filter should be rolled decreasingly by 20dB/10-time frequency interval. Table 6–46 Mapping jitter generation specifications Maximum peak-peak jitter (mapping)

Test filtering parameter

ITU-T G.703 tributary interface rate

Bit rate error tolerance

f1 high pass 20Hz -

2048 kbit/s

±50ppm

20dB/de c

6-35

f3 high pass

18Hz (700Hz) - 20dB/dec

f4 low pass

f1-f4

f3-f4

100Hz 20dB/dec

Unspecifie d

0.075UI



Tributary mapping and pointer adjustment

The PDH tributary interface and its corresponding combined jitter and test filter prescribed by the ITU-T G.703 Recommendation are shown in Table 6–47. Table 6–47 Combined jitter generation specifications Maximum peak-peak jitter

Test filtering parameter ITU-T G.703 tributary interface rate

0 bit rate error toleranc e

f1 high pass

2048 kbit/s

±50ppm

20Hz 20dB/dec

f3 high pass

18Hz (700Hz) - 20dB/dec

f4 low pass

f1-f4

f3-f4

100Hz 20dB/dec

0.4UI

0.075UI

The typical pointer adjustment test sequence is shown in Figure 6–3. T2

T1

T3

(a) Single pointers with contrary polarities (b) Regular single pointers plus a double-pointer T2

T3

(c) Regular single pointers with a pointer missed

T1

T3

(d) Double-pointers with contrary polarities

Figure 6–3 Pointer sequence The requirements for the above parameters are shown in Table 6–48: Table 6–48 Parameter requirements T1≥10s For TU pointer

T1≥10s For AU pointer

T2>0.75s T3=2ms

T2=34ms T3=0.5ms

6-36



6.4.8 V.35 Interface I. Mechanical characteristics The mechanical characteristics of the V.35 interface are defined by the ISO2593, and the 34-core connector is used for the V.35 interface.

II. Electric characteristics The ITU-T Recommendation V.35 Appendix 2 defines the electrical characteristics of the V.35 interface clock and data signal as a balanced double current interface circuit. The V.35 interface control signal adopts the unbalanced double current interface circuit defined by the ITU-T Recommendation V.28. As for the balanced double current interface, the interface line adopts balanced twisted multi-pair cable, with the feature impedance as 80 - 120Ω, signal source impedance in the range of 50 - 150Ω and the load impedance as 100±10Ω. The normal working voltage between two terminals of each balanced line is 0.55V±20%. When the voltage of terminal A to B is positive (A>B), it is defined as binary data “0”. When it is negative (A
III. Functional characteristics The functional characteristics of the V.35 interface belong to one subset of the ITU-T Recommendation V.24, including such functions as ground, control, clock and data. Table 6–49 shows the definitions of these functions.

6-37



Table 6–49 Functional characteristics of V.35 interface Functional characteristics

Clock circuit

Data circuit

Ground circuit

M3 pinouts

Abbr. of pinouts function

V.24 circuit number

Signal flow direction

Signal function

V

RCA

115

DTE←DCE

Receiving clock provided by DCE –A line

X

RCB

115

DTE ←DCE

Receiving clock provided by DCE –B line

Y

TCA

114

DTE←DCE

Transmitting clock provided by DCE –A line

AA

TCB

114

DTE←DCE

Transmitting clock provided by DCE –B line

U

ETCA

113

DTE→DCE

Transmitting clock provided by DTE –A line

W

ETCB

113

DTE→DCE

Transmitting clock provided by DTE –B line

R

RDA

104

DTE←DCE

Receive data –A line

T

RDB

104

DTE←DCE

Receive data –B line

P

TDA

103

DTE→DCE

Transmit data –A line

S

TDB

103

DTE→DCE

Transmit data –B line

A

PG

101

DTE↔DCE

Protection ground

B

SG

102

DTE↔DCE

Signal ground, providing DC reference electrical potential

C

RTS

105

DTE→ DCE

Request to send

D

CTS

106

DTE←DCE

Clear sending

E

DSR

107

DTE←DCE

DCE ready

F

DCD

109

DTE ←DCE

Data carrier detect

H

DTR

108.2

DTE→DCE

DTE ready

J

LL

141

DTE→DCE

Local loopback

K

TM

142

DTE DCE

J

RL

140

DTE→DCE

wire

Control circuit

Description of functions:

6-38

←

Test mode Remote loopback/maintenance test



The “transmit” and “receive” in the circuit name defined by the DCE-DTE interface are based on the DTE. For example, the 103 circuit is the circuit through which the DTE sends data to the DCE. At the DCE side, this circuit is still called data sending circuit, from which the DCE receives data signals. Meanwhile, the 104 circuit is the circuit through which the DCE sends data to the DTE.

z

The control circuit is set to meet the requirements of the communication procedure and test procedure. DCD is used to monitor the working state of the communication line and the DCE. DSR is used for the DCE to notify the DTE whether it is in the working state (Start). DTR is used to notify the DCE through DTE whether it is in the working state (Start). RTS and CTS are used for the process control of starting or terminating the data transmission between the DTE and the DCE. If RTS is “ON”, it means the DTE requires sending data. When RTS is “ON” and the DCE agrees with the DTE’s request, CTS can be set as “ON” (positive answer), making DCE ready for receiving the data from the DTE.

z

In the V.35 synchronous communication interface, the DCE and/or the DTE are/is required to provide the clock signal. This signal should be synchronous with the data circuit to ensure accurate identification and receiving of the data. Figure 6–4 shows the time sequence of the clock and data in the interface line.

Figure 6–4 Clock and data time sequence over V.35 line z

The latter three test signal lines shall not be required when the V.35 interface has the background-supported testing function.

IV. Procedure characteristics The procedure characteristics of the V.35 interface are defined in ITU-T Recommendation V.24.

6.4.9 Z Interface The technical specifications of the Z interface include impedance characteristic requirements and technical requirements for transmission specifications.

I. Impedance characteristics The 2-wire analog Z interface of the analog subscriber board is the interface for connecting analog subscriber line. The impedance characteristics of the Z interface is expressed by return loss (RL). The following shows the technical requirements for the impedance characteristics of the Z interface: z

Impedance return loss

6-39



For the impedance test network shown in Figure 6–5, the RL of the Z interface should meet the requirements shown in Figure 6–6. 680 ohm or 560 ohm 200 ohm

0.1u

Figure 6–5 Impedance test network for Z interface

dB 18 Return loss

14

300

500

Frequency

2000

3400Hz

Figure 6–6 Minimum of return loss for impedance test network z

Relative level at interface point

The input relative level at the interface point is Li = 0 dBr. The output relative level at the interface point (Lo): Local call Lo = -3.5dBr Long distance call: Lo=-7dBr Permitted deviation of relative level: -0.3 - +0.7dB (relative level at input end) +0.3 - -0.7dB (relative level at output end) z

Unbalanced impedance to ground

The unbalanced impedance to ground reflects the unbalance of the impedance to the ground of the two-wire ports respectively. The longitudinal conversion loss generated at the analog 2-wire interface point due to the unbalance to the ground should meet the requirements shown in Figure 6–7.

6-40

Longitudinal conversion loss



dB 46 40 30 20 10 0

300

600

3400 Hz

Frequency

Figure 6–7 Technical requirements for unbalanced impedance to ground z

Terminal balance return loss

The terminal balance return loss is the back wave generated due to the unbalanced terminal network. The terminal balance return loss of the Z interface impedance should meet the requirements shown in Figure 6–8. Meanwhile, under the terminal conditions (including short circuit, open circuit, and sensibility terminal load) that possibly occur when 2-wire interface works normally, the terminal balance return loss of the Z interface in the range of 200 Hz to 3600 Hz should be larger than 2dB.

Terminal balance return loss

dB 20 16

300

500

2500

3400Hz

Frequency

Figure 6–8 Technical requirements for terminal balance return loss

II. Transmission specifications The transmission specifications of the Z interface in the case of semi-connection are given below: z

Interface relative level

Definition: Level loss from input port to output port. Specification: The relative level of the input connection (A-D) is generally 0 dB.

6-41



The local relative level of output connection (D-A) is -3.5 dB, and the long distance one is -7 dB. Permitted deviation of relative level: -0.3 dB – +0.7dB (relative level at input end) +0.3 dB – -0.7 dB (relative level at output end) z

Loss frequency distortion

Definition: The attenuation deviation of sinusoid signals at different frequencies in the channel in relation to the reference frequency 1020 Hz and the input power level -10 dBm0 is defined as frequency loss distortion. Specification: The loss frequency distortion of the Z interface should meet the specifications shown in Figure 6–9.

6-42



Loss

dB 1.7 1.5

1.0 0.75 0.7 0.45 0.35

0

-0.3 0.2 0.3 0.4

0.6

1.0

2.0

Frequency

2.4

3.0

3.4

kHz

2.4

3.0

3.4

kHz

a. Input connection

Loss

dB 1.7 1.5

1.0 0.75 0.7 0.45 0.35

0

-0.3 0.2 0.3 0.4

0.6

1.0

2.0

Frequency

b. Output connection

Figure 6–9 Loss frequency distortion specifications of 2-wire analog connection z

Variation of gain with input level

Definition: The gain deviation of different level sinusoid signals at 1020 Hz frequency in the channel related to -10 dBm0 gain is defined as the variation of gain with input level. The technical specifications should meet the requirements shown in Figure 6–10:

6-43



dB

Gain variation

1.6

0.6 0.3 0

-55

-50

-40

-10

-0.3

+3

dBm0

Input level

-0.6

-1.6

Figure 6–10 Specifications of variation of gain with level Group delay and group-delay distortion

z

Definition: In the frequency range from 500 Hz to 2800 Hz, the minimum group delay is the absolute group delay. The average of the absolute group delay of the input (or output) semi-connection of the Z interface 2-wire analog should not exceed 1500µs, and 95% of them do not exceed 1950µs. Group delay distortion is the variation of group delay with the frequency. With the lowest group delay as reference, the group delay distortion of the input or output connection in the range from 500 Hz to 2800 Hz should meet the requirements shown in Figure 6–11. us

Group delay distortion

900 750

450

150 0

500

600

1000

Frequency

2600 2800 Hz

Figure 6–11 Group delay distortion limit value with frequency z

Discrimination of outband signal at input end

Definition: Any sinusoid signal at the frequency higher than 4.6 kHz and with proper level (-25 dBm0) is added to the input end of the channel as the minimum requirement.

6-44



The level of any mirror frequency generated at the output end of the channel should be 25 dB lower than the test signal level. This item tests the suppression state of outband input signal. Technical specifications: When any sinusoid signal at the frequency higher than 4.6 kHz and with level -25 dBm0 is added to the input end, the signal level of any mirror frequencies generated at the output end of the channel should be at least 25 dB lower than the input signal level. Weighted noise

z

Definition: Weighted noise is the weighted noise level of the channel measured at the output end when the input end connects with nominal impedance upon no input signal. This specification reflects the noise when the audio channel is not occupied, that is, no service is running. Technical specifications: Coding side: required to be less than -67 dBm0p Decoding side: required to be less than -70 dBm0p Total distortion

z

Definition: Total distortion is measured with signal noise ratio. Generally, it means measuring the noise when useful signals are sent. Main components of the total distortion are quantization distortion, which is the signal distortion generated during signal quantization process. Therefore, the total distortion reflects the quality of the encoder/decoder of the Pulse-Code Modulation (PCM) equipment. The technical specifications are shown in Table 6–50: Table 6–50 Technical specification requirements for total distortion of Z interface Sending level

z

Input connection

Output connection

dBm0

Li-0

Lo- -3.5

Lo- -7.0

0

35

35

35

-10

35

35

35

-20

35

34.4

33.8

-30

32.9

30.6

28.8

-40

24.9

21.7

19.5

-45

19.9

16.7

14.5

Crosstalk

6-45



Definition: Crosstalk refers to the harmful transmission from one channel to another channel. The channel originating signals is called main crossing channel, the interfered channel is called crossed channel. The crosstalk specification reflects the mutual interference between different channels. Technical specifications: Input connection: The local end crosstalk does not exceed -73 dBm0, and the remote end crosstalk does not exceed -70 dBm0. Output connection: The local end crosstalk does not exceed -70 dBm0, and the remote end crosstalk does not exceed -73 dBm0.

Note: The technical requirements above are the specifications in case of the Z interface semi-connection. For the equipment that can not receive and transmit signals through the digital port, the A-A technical specifications can be combined according to the A-D and D-A technical requirements.

III. Other technical requirements for Z interface z

Loop resistance and feed current: It supports 2000Ω loop resistance and constant current feed 20 mA. It also supports feed current of 47 mA, 35 mA, 16 mA, and so on.

z

Ringing current: 25 Hz ±3 Hz sinusoid wave, harmonic distortion 10%, output voltage value 75 ±15 V. It supports a 5-second discontinuous ringing signal of 1-second transmitting and 4-second disconnecting. It also supports multiple other special ringing modes.

z

Signal tone: Dialing tone 450 Hz and continuous signal tone; Busy tone, 450 Hz, 0.7-second discontinuous signal tone with 0.35-second transmitting and 0.35-second disconnecting; Ring-back tone, 450 Hz, 5-second discontinuous signal tone with 1-second transmitting and 4-second disconnecting.

z

Supporting reversed charging pulse and 16KC/12KC charging pulse.

z

The AC impedance is adjustable. It supports 7 types of interface impedance, such as 200Ω+680Ω//100nF, 200Ω+560Ω//100nF, 600Ω, 150Ω+510Ω//47nF, 220Ω+820Ω//115nF, 220Ω+820Ω//120nF and 900Ω.

z

Each receiving gain can be set to -3.5 dB or -7 dB. Moreover, the board (CB36ASL) sending gain can be set to 3 dB, 0 dB or -3 dB and the board receiving gain can be set to 0 dB, -3.5 dB, -7 dB, -8.5 dB, or -12 dB.

6-46



6.4.10 U interface I. Definition U interface is the interface of Network Termination 1 (NT1) and Line Termination (LT) in ISDN reference model. In terms of code pattern, since subscriber line features are different in different countries, their line code patterns also vary. For instance, North America and China use 2B1Q code, Japan and Italy adopt AMI, while UK adopts 3B2T code. ITU-T has no recommended uniform transmission mode and line code pattern for 2B+D U interface. The following description is only applicable to 2B1Q code pattern.

II. Basic features of U interface z

Line code

Line code is 2B1Q (2-bit binary code is expressed with 1-bit quaternary code). This is a 4-level non-redundancy code. z

Line baud rate: 80k baud

z

Clock tolerance

The tolerance of free-run NT1 clock is ±100 ppm. The tolerance of LT clock is ±5 ppm. z

Frame structure

A primary frame should be the 120 quaternary signals transmitted with nominal 1.5ms interval. A primary frame includes frame bit, 2B+D data bit and Connection Line (CL) channel bit. 8 primary frames (12ms in total) form a multi-frame.

III. Specifications and program of U interface The following is the bit allocation and function of multi-frame based on G.961 specification. z

Monitoring function of CRC bit error

Bits M5 and M6 of the 3rd frame and 8th frame of each multi-frame comprise the CRC, which are inserted into bit flow through transmitter. In receiver, the CRC bit calculated from the same bits should be compared with the received CRC. If they are different, it indicates that there is at least one bit error in the multi-frame. z

EOC frame function

In each multi-frame, the Embedded Operational Channel in DS1 Rate Interface (EOC) consists of 24 bits. It implements the communication between the network and NT1. The following basic functions are required for the EOC:

6-47



Operation of 2B+D loopback: This function commands NT1 to loop back the user data bit stream toward the network.

z

Operation of B1 (or B2) channel loopback: This function requires NT1 to setup single B channel loopback toward the network. Single B channel loopback can provide maintenance on this channel and the subscriber services are not totally blocked.

z

Recovery to normal: This message is used to release all the uncompleted EOC controlled operation, and reset the EOC message processor to its initial state.

z

Unfollowable acknowledgement: This message acknowledges that NT1 has received an EOC message, but it is not in the menu of NT1.

z

Request degraded CRC notification: This message requests to send degraded CRC toward the network.

z

Degraded CRC notification: This message informs NT1 that the intentionally degraded CRC will be sent from the network till there is a “Recovery to normal” message.

z

Hold state

IV. Activation and deactivation of U interface 1)

Activation

ITU-T Recommendation G.961 defines the signals generated by transceiver during startup. These signals are used in two start types: cold start and hot start. When NT1 and LT are in resetting state, the activation is allowed either from subscriber equipment or from the network. The initiator sends single tone in compliance with ITU-T Recommendation G.961 and starts activation process. In cold start mode, LT and NT1 should complete the synchronization within 15 seconds, with 5 seconds for NT1 and 10 seconds for LT; while in hot start mode, they should complete the synchronization within 300ms. 2)

Deactivation

When one of the following happens, the transceiver is allowed to enter the reset state. z

The system cannot be started within 15 seconds (hot or cold start)

z

The received signal is lost for more than 480ms.

z

Synchronization is lost for more than 480ms.

z

Electrical features of U interface

z

Output pulse

The nominal peak value of output pulse is 2.5 V. The pulse shape should be as shown in Figure 6–12 and four-quaternary-characters pulse sample should be obtained from the nominal sample as shown in Figure 6–12 multiplied by 2.5 V, 0.83 V, -0.83 V or -2.5 V. The nominal average power is 13.5dBm when the signals are composed of synchronous framing bits which are of same probability at other position. Template of U interface pulse template is shown in Figure 6–12:

6-48



–0.4T 0.4T B = 1.05 C = 1.00 D = 0.95

0.01 1.05 1.00 0.95 0.03 –0.01 –0.12 –0.05

A B C D E F G H

+3 0.025 V 2.625 V 2.5 V 2.375 V 0.075 V –0.025 V –0.3 V –0.125 V

+1 0.0833 V 0.8750 V 5/6 V 0.79127 V 0.025 V –0.00833 V –0.1V –0.04167 V

–1 –0.0833 V –0.8750 V –5/6 V –0.79127 V –0.025 V 0.00833 V 0.1V 0.04167 V

–3 –0.025 V –2.625 V –2.5 V –2.375 V –0.075 V 0.025 V 0.3 V 0.125 V

T = 12.5 µs

E = 0.03

A = 0.01

–0.75T F = –0.01

0

T 14T

–0.5T

A = 0.01

50T F = –0.01 H = –0.05

G = –0.12 0.5T

T1814380-92/d33

Figure 6–12 Pulse template of U interface z

Power spectrum density

The power spectrum of the transmitted signal is measured in the bandwidth of 1 kHz noise power, whose density upper limit should be as shown in Figure 6–13. The bandwidth of 1 kHz noise power should be selected to determine whether the measurement is qualified. – 20

Power spectral density (dBm/Hz)

– 30 – 40 –50 dB/decade

– 50 – 60 – 70 – 80 – 90 1

2

5

10

20

50

Frequency (kHz)

100

200

500 1000 T1814390-92/d34

Figure 6–13 Upper limit of the power spectrum density of the transmitted signal z

Total transmission power 6-49



Feature: It is the average power of signals composed of framing character sequence that has frame code character and is of equal probability in all other positions. Index: The average power of signals formed by framing character sequence that has frame code characters and is of equal probability characters in all other positions should be between 13.0 dB and 14.0 dB in the range of 0 Hz to 30 kHz. Applicable range: for all ISDN-BRA interfaces z

Impedance and Return loss

Impedance: The impedance at the nominal driving point of the interface toward NT1should be 135Ω. Return loss: RL relative to 135Ω in the band of 1 kHz to 200 kHz is shown in Figure 6–14: 30

20 dB

Return loss (dB)

20

10

0 dB

0

25 kHz

–10 1

5

10

250 kHz 50

100

500

1000

T1814410-92/d36

Frequency (kHz)

Figure 6–14 Return loss relative to 1kHz - 200 kHz frequency band z

Longitudinal conversion loss

LCL=20Log (el/em) db el=applied longitudinal voltage (relative to the safety ground) em=metallic voltage generated by the 135 terminal (NT1 should be powered, but not be activated during the test) Index:

6-50



F<5 Hz

LCL>20 dB

5 Hz
LCL: +20 dB/ deca-octave

281.5 Hz
LCL>55 dB

40000 Hz
LCL: -20 dB /10 times sound interval

Applicable range: for all ISDN-BRA interfaces

6.4.11 ADSL Port I. Power spectrum density of ADSL port The power spectrum density of the ADSL port is shown in Figure 6–15.

Frequency f(KHz) 0
Power spectrum density (dBm/Hz) -97.5 in maximum. The maximum power in this frequency band is +15dBm. -92.5+4.63×log2(f/4) -72.5+36×log2(f/80) -36.5 in maximum -36.5-36×log2(f/1104) -90 in maximum. The maximum power in any 1MHz frequency band is (-36.5-36×log2(f/1104)+60)dBm. -90.5 in maximum. The maximum power in this frequency band is +50dBm.

Figure 6–15 Power spectrum density of ADSL port

II. Longitudinal balance loss of ADSL port The longitudinal balance loss of the ADSL port is shown in Table 6–51. Table 6–51 Longitudinal balance loss of ADSL port Service interface U-x interface

Service bandwidth (kHz) 28–1104

6-51

Specification >40 dB



III. Overvoltage protection of ADSL port Lightning overvoltage

z

The ADSL port should be able to bear the induction overvoltage less than the set value upon the subscriber line without any component’s performance lowered. The peak voltage is 1000 V. Power line overvoltage

z

The ADSL line interface should be able to bear the overvoltage within the longitudinal electromotive force of 650V/0.5s upon the communication cable without any component’s performance lowered. Overvoltage due to contact with power line

z

The ADSL port should be able to bear 15-minute 220 V (50 Hz) contact with one or two conducting cable without any burning danger.

6.4.12 VDSL Port I. Power spectrum density template Power spectrum density (PSD) template defines the transmitting power restriction in the range of inband frequency. Table 6–52 and Table 6–53 show the upstream and downstream transmitting signal PSD templates respectively. Table 6–52 lists the upstream channel PSD templates for schemes 1 and 2 respectively. The maximum transmitting power of these two schemes is 14.5 dBm. Table 6–52 VDSL upstream PSD template Frequency (kHz)

PSD (dBm/Hz)

0–4

-101

25

-101

138

-101

307

-101

482

-101

3575

-101

3750

-80

3751

-53

8499

-53

8500

-80

6-52



Frequency (kHz)

PSD (dBm/Hz)

8501

-107

12000

-110

30000

-110

Table 6–53 lists the downstream channel PSD templates for schemes 1 and 2 respectively. For these two schemes, the maximum transmitting power is 14.5 dBm. Table 6–53 VDSL downstream PSD template Frequency (kHz)

PSD (dBm/Hz)

Scheme 1 0–4

-101

25

-101

138

-80

317

-60

1104

-60

3749

-60

3750

-80

3925

-105

8325

-105

8500

-80

8501

-53

12000

-53

12001

-107

30000

-110

Scheme 2 0–4

-101

25

-101

138

-101

317

-80

1104

-60

3749

-60

3750

-80

6-53



Frequency (kHz)

PSD (dBm/Hz)

3925

-105

8325

-105

8500

-80

8501

-53

12000

-53

12001

-107

30000

-110

II. Outband PSD Figure 6–16 shows the outband PSD restriction. It is defined that the area between ftr1 and ftr1+∆fT, and the area between ftr2-∆fT and ftr2 are two transition bands, and that the area between ftr1+∆fT and ftr2-∆fT is rejection band. ∆fT, independent of transmitting frequency, is 175 kHz. The transmitting signal PSD inside the transition band is decreased from -80 dBm/Hz to PSDmax or increased from PSDmax to -80 dBm/Hz in a linear manner. The transmitting signal PSD inside the rejection band cannot be larger than PSDmax. The total power Pmax of the transmitting signal of each MHz frequency band inside the rejection band should be restricted. Table 6–54 lists the outband PSD restriction parameters. PSD, dBm/Hz

Receive band

fr Transmit band

fr

Transition band

Transition band

Transmit band

-80dBm/Hz PSDmax, dBm/Hz Pmax, dBm (in a 1MHz window)

f

ftr1

ftr2

Figure 6–16 Outband PSD restriction

6-54



Table 6–54 Outband PSD restriction parameters Maximum PSD PSDmax (dBm/Hz)

Frequency (MHz)

Maximum Power in a 1 MHz sliding window Pmax (dBm)

< 0.12

-120

-

0.12 - 0.225

-110

-

0.225-4.0

-100

-

4.0 -5.0

-100

-50

5.0 - 30.0

-100

-52

>=30.0

-120

-

Transition frequency

-80

-

III. Nominal inband PSD limit value To comply with the nominal PSD template, when the frequency is between 25 kHz and 12 MHz, the transmitting power PSD value of the upstream signal cannot be larger than -53 dBm/Hz; when the frequency is between 138 kHz and 3.75 MHz, the transmitting power PSD value of the downstream signal cannot be larger than -60 dBm/Hz; when the frequency is between 8.5 MHz and 12 MHz, the transmitting power PSD value of the downstream signal cannot be larger than -53 dBm/Hz.

6.4.13 SHDSL Port I. Reflection attenuation Standard: The reflection attenuation of the SHDSL interface is expressed by

V  Re turnLoss (dB) = 20 Log  T  . The measured values of the interface reflection  VR  attenuation should be beyond the template shown in Figure 6–17. In this figure, the parameter meanings are as follows: RLMIN = 14dB, f0 = 3.99 kHz, f1 = 20 kHz, f2 = fsym/2, f3 = 2. 51fsym, element transmission rate fsym = (R+8)/3, payload rate R = n x 64 + I x 8.

6-55



Return loss (dB) RL

MIN

Slope is 20dB/10-time frequency interval

f0

f3

f2

f1

Frequency (Hz)

Figure 6–17 Line interface reflection attenuation template Table 6–55 shows the reflection attenuation values of the SHDSL interface when the payload rate is 2048 kbit/s. Table 6–55 Reflection attenuation values of SHDSL interface Test frequency point (Hz)

10k

49.8k

109.5k

209k

308.5k

408k

507.5k

607k

706.5k

806k

905. 5k

Reflection attenuation (dB)

21.7

32.1

33.2

30.5

28

25.9

24.3

22.8

21.6

20.5

19.5

II. Longitudinal balance loss Standard: The longitudinal balance loss of the SHDSL interface is expressed by

V  LongitudinalBalance(dB) = 20 Log  T  . The measured values of the  VR  longitudinal balance loss should be beyond the template shown in Figure 6–18. In this figure, the parameter meanings are as follows: LBMIN = 40dB, f1 = 20 kHz, f2 = fsym/2, fsym = (R+8)/3, R = n x 64 + I x 8.

6-56



Longitudinal balance (dB) LB

MIN

Slope is 20dB/10-time frequency interval

Frequency (Hz)

f2

f1

Figure 6–18 Longitudinal balance loss template Table 6–56 shows the longitudinal balance values of the SHDSL interface when the payload rate is 2048 kbit/s. Table 6–56 Longitudinal balance values of SHDSL interface Test frequency point (KHz)

10

49.8

109.5

209

308.5

408

507.5

607

706.5

806

905.5

10 05

Longitudinal balance (dB)

73

71.2

66.4

61.3

58.2

55.8

54.1

52.6

51.1

49.8

48.8

47 .9

III. Longitudinal output voltage Standard: Within the frequency band above 4 kHz, the average of the longitudinal output voltage of the SHDSL interface should be less than -50dBV within one second. The test frequency field is in the range from 100 Hz to 400 kHz. (Note: If the voltage unit in testing instrument is dBuV, and the frequency band is 3100Hz, the unit should be converted. After equivalent conversion, the average of the longitudinal output voltage

of

the

SHDSL

interface

should

be

less

than

[(120-50)+10LOG(3.1/4)]=68.9dBuV.) Table 6–57 shows the longitudinal output voltage of the SHDSL interface when the payload rate is 2048 kbit/s. Table 6–57 Longitudinal output voltage values of SHDSL interface Test frequency point (Hz)

10k

49k

109k

149k

209k

248k

328k

408k

Longitudinal output voltage (dBuV)

40.3

41.1

41.5

41.1

40

39.3

38.5

36.3

6-57



IV. Transmitting power ANNEX B standard: If the power compensation is 0dB, the transmitting power measured under the condition of 135 ohm should be in the range of Pshdsl±0.5dB. If the power compensation is not 0dB, the transmitting power measured under the condition of 135 ohm should be in the range of Pshdsl±0.5dB minus the power compensation value with the unit as dB. The PSHDSL is defined as shown in Table 6–58: Table 6–58 Definition of PSHDSL Payload rate (kbit/s)

PSHDSL(dBm)

R < 2048

P1(R) ≤PSHDSL≤ 13.5

R ≥ 2048

14.5

The parameter meanings shown in Table 6–58 are: payload rate R=Nx64+Ix8, P1(R) =0.3486 Log2 (Rx1000+8000) + 6.06 dBm. The output power values of the SHDSL interface at different payload rates are shown in Table 6–59: Table 6–59 Longitudinal output power values of SHDSL interface Payload rate (kbit/s)

192

256

512

768

1536

1984

2048

Power (dBm)

13.6

13.7

13.2

13.3

13.5

13.2

14.1

V. Transmitting power spectrum density ANNEX B standard: The transmitting power spectrum density measured under the condition of 135 ohm should be in the range of PSDMASKSHDSL(f). It is defined as follows:

6-58



2    πf    sin  MaskedOffsetdB ( f )  − PBO K Nf sym   1 1   SHDSL 10 10 10 × , f < f int × × 10 × × 2 2×Order f sym 135   πf   f     1 +  PSDMASK SHDSL ( f ) =   Nf   f 3dB    sym   0.5683 × 10 − 4 × f −1.5 , f int ≤ f ≤ 1.5MHz   − 90dBm/Hz peak with maximum power in a [ f,f + 1MHz] window of 50dBm,  1.5MHz < f ≤ 11.04MHz

where the MaskOffsetdB(f) is as follows:

f −f  , f < f 3dB 1 + 0.4 × 3dB MaskOffsetdB( f ) =  f 3dB  1 , f ≥ f 3dB Figure 6–19 shows the PSD template with the power compensation as 0dB, and payload rate as 256 kbit/s, 512 kbit/s, 768 kbit/s, 1536 kbit/s, 2048 kbit/s and 2304 kbit/s.

Figure 6–19 0dB power compensation PSD template Table 6–60 and Table 6–61 show the PSD values of the SHDSL interface respectively when the payload rates are 256 kbit/s and 2048 kbit/s:

6-59



Table 6–60 PSD values of SHDSL interface Test frequency point (Hz)

10k

29k

44k

65k

80k

90k

200k

400k

600k

800k

Payload speed is 256 kbit/s

-30.7

-32.1

-36.2

-61.9

-86.3

-93.9

-105

-109

-109

-110

Table 6–61 PSD values of SHDSL interface Test frequency point (Hz)

10k

89k

128k

208k

307k

356k

406k

445k

495k

550k

600k

800

1M

Payload speed is 2048 kbit/s

-39.1

-39.4

-39.2

-41

-43.3

-48.8

-55.9

-61.8

-69.5

-87.2

-97

-101

-106

6-60


Appendix A Introduction to xDSL Technology

Appendix A Introduction to xDSL Technology A.1 Overview DSL in the term xDSL refers to the digital subscriber line. All xDSL technologies use existing twisted pair telephone lines to deliver high-bandwidth data service. xDSL technologies vary in terms of transmission rate, distance and delay due to the different modulation and coding. xDSL implements channel multiplexing by dividing spectrums of the copper wire. Voice and data services are split by filters. Network topology is composed of the Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexer (DSLAM) at the office end and the Customer Premise Equipment (CPE) at the user end.

A.1.1 Introduction to xDSL Technologies I. HDSL High-bit-rate DSL (HDSL) is a well developed xDSL technology. It gains wide application. It transmits data services over 1–2 twisted pairs at the rate of T1 full duplex (1.544 Mbit/s) or E1 (2.048 Mbit/s). z

Rate range: Nx64 kbit/s (N=1-32). It reaches 2.048 Mbit/s at the maximum.

z

Transmission distance: 5km. It reaches 12km by using repeaters.

z

Application: HDSL is a replacement of the T1/E1 technology. It is ideal for applications of distant learning, video conferencing, dedicated network etc. Compared with conventional T1/E1 technology, HDSL is more cost effective. T1/E1 transmission requires a repeater every 0.9–1.8 km, while HDSL ensures reliable transmission within 3.6 km without a repeater.

II. HDLS2 HDSL2 is newly developed DSL technology, transmitting T1/E1 rate over a single twisted pair. It uses the same modulation and signaling processing technology as HDSL.

III. SDSL Single-line DSL (SDSL) provides high-speed variable bit rate in upstream and downstream.

A-1



Rate range: 160 kbit/s–2.36 Mbit/s. SDSL delivers T1/E1 rate over a single twisted pair, thus saving one copper wire compared with HDSL technology. It accommodates an optimized rate based on the traffic volume.

z

Transmission distance: The maximum distance is above 3km over 0.4mm twisted pairs.

IV. ISDN Loop (IDSL) IDSL transmits 128 kbit/s over twisted pairs by using ISDN terminal adapter at the subscriber end and ISDN-compatible interface card in the other end.

V. SHDSL Single-pair High-bit-rate DSL (SHDSL) is developed from the SDSL, HDSL, HDSL2 technologies. z

Rate range: 192 kbit/s–2300 kbit/s by using two line pairs. The rate is adjustable according to the actual line condition at 8k steps. The transmit rate is in the range of 384 kibt/s–4624 kbit/s by using 4 line pairs, adjustable at 16k steps.

z

Transmission distance: 3–6 km

z

Application:

SHDSL, based on TDM, allows the maximum transmission distance of E1, T1 and V.35, thus enabling long-haul access of FR and CES. SHDSL, based on ATM, delivers high-bandwidth symmetric rate, and is supplementary to ADSL.

VI. ADSL ADSL speed ranges from 32kbit/s to 8.192Mbit/s in downstream, and 32kbit/s to 1.088Mbit/s in upstream. It provides voice service and data service over the same twisted-pair telephone line. z

Data service and voice service are delivered over the same twisted pairs.

z

Upstream and downstream rate is asymmetric.

z

Data service and voice service are delivered simultaneously.

VII. RADSL Rate Adaptive DSL (RADSL) allows transmit rate to be accommodated based on the actual requirements. z

Data service and voice service are delivered over the same twisted pairs.

z

Synchronous and asynchronous transmission modes are supported.

z

Rate adaptive: the downstream speed ranges from 640 kbit/s to 12 Mbit/s, and upstream speed ranges from 128 kbit/s to 1 Mbit/s.

z

Data service and voice service are delivered simultaneously.

A-2



VIII. VDSL Very-high-data-rate Digital Subscriber Line (VDSL) technology supports both symmetric and asymmetric speed ranges. It provides all-round multimedia services including voice services, video services and digital services. Rate range: The multimedia services are delivered over the same twisted pairs, with transmission rate adaptive. Both symmetric and asymmetric rate ranges are supported. Maximum transmission distance: 1.5 km Application: Internet access and VOD etc.

A.1.2 Specifications of xDSL Technologies Table A–1 Technical specification of symmetric DSL technology Index

IDSL

HDSL

SDSL

ETSI ETR 152

Proprietary

HDSL2 ANSI T1E1.4

Standards

ANSI T1.601

Interoperability

Yes

No

No

Yes

Line Code

2B1Q

2B1Q

2B1Q

TC PAM

Speeds supported (bit/s)

64k, 128k,144k

1.5M (T1), 2.3M (E1)

192k,2.36M

1.5M (T1)

Wire pairs

1

1, 2 or 3

1

1

Max distance

12,000 ft (2 pair T1, 3 pair E1) 8,000 ft (2 pair E1)

(26 AWG)

18,000 (24AWG)

12,000ft

12,000ft

Rate adaptive

No

No

Yes

No

Repeater support

Yes

Yes

No

No

Framer protocol

ISDN

T1, E1

Proprietary

T1

ITU-T G991.1

ft

ITU-T 991.2

7,000 ft (1 pair E1)

Table A–2 Comparison between ADSL, VDSL and SHDSL Index

ADSL

VDSL

SHDSL

ITU-T G.992.1 Standards

ITU-T G.992.2

No standard currently

ITU-T G.991.2

ANSI T1.413,Issue2 Interoperability

Yes

No

No

Line Code

DMT

QAM

TCPAM

A-3



Index

ADSL

VDSL

SHDSL

Speeds Supported (bit/s)

Asymmetric, 6–8Mbit/s in downstream, and 640kbit/s–1Mbit/s in upstream

Symmetric, 12M

Symmetric, 192k-2312k

Wire pairs

1

1

1 or 2

Max distance (26 AWG)

3km-5km

1.5km

3km-5km

Rate adaptive

Yes

Yes

Yes

Repeater support

Yes

Yes

Yes

In the following section, the ADSL, SHDSL and VDSL technologies will be detailed.

A.2 ADSL I. Overview ADSL makes use of the available bandwidth of a telephone line to deliver high-speed data service. The downstream band is between 26 kHz and 138 kHz, while upstream band between 138 kHz and 1.104 MHz. Correspondingly, the upstream rate reaches 640 kbit/s, and downstream rate reaches 8 Mbit/s. ADSL is capable of rate adaptability, in that an optimum rate can be achieved depending on the transmission distance and noise. The ADSL transfer rate is inversely proportional to the transmission distance. Figure A–1 illustrates ADSL reference model. TSM in the Figure is the interface between ATU-R and SM, V is the logical interface between ATU-C and a digital network element (NE). U-C is the loopback interface at the office end, and U-R is the interface at the remote terminal end. CI

Distribution network

ATU-C

ATU-R

Splitter

Splitter U-C

T SM

Bus or star topology

V

Digital network

U-R

PSTN

POTS

Figure A–1 ADSL functional reference model

A-4

SM SM



II. Standards compliance z

ITU-T G.992.1 (G.DMT)

As defined in the ITU-T G.992.1, the downstream rate is up to 8 Mbit/s, and the upstream rate to 768 kbit/s. Filters are required at the subscriber end. z

ITU-T G.992.2 (G.Lite)

As defined in the ITU-T G.992.2, the downstream rate is up to 1.5 Mbit/s, and the upstream rate to 512 kbit/s. No filter is required at the subscriber end. z

ANSI T1.413 Issue2

As defined in the ANSI T1.413 Issue2, the downstream rate is up to 8 Mbit/s, and the upstream rate to 768 kbit/s. Filters are required at the subscriber end. z

ITU-T G.994.1

In consistent with ITU-T G.994.1, the ADSL technology can recognize automatically a line standard and make adjustment accordingly.

III. Line coding Three line codes are available for ADSL technology. 1)

Carrier-less Amplitude and Phase (CAP)

Using the technology of Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM), the data are modulated to a single carrier. 2)

Discrete Multi-Tone (DMT)

The data are modulated to multiple carriers, with data on each carrier modulated using QAM. 3)

Discrete Wavelet Multi-Tone (DWMT)

DMT is a multicarrier system using wavelet transforms to create and demodulate individual carriers. z

DMT modulation

DMT is the most widely used modulation technology. It is a multicarrier system using discrete Fourier transforms to create and demodulate individual carriers. DMT divides 1MHz frequency band into 256 subcarrier. Voiceband (VB) frequencies are from 300Hz– 4kHz in the telephone line. Taken the discrete into consideration, the frequencies from 0– 25kHz are reserved for the voice service. That is to say, the first six subcarriers among the 256 subcarriers are used for voice services, and the other 250 for data services. QAM is implemented in all of the 250 subcarriers for data services. The output waveforms of each subcarrier are overlaid in the transmit end, and are restored to the original waveform in the receiving end.

A-5



Among the 250 subcarriers for ADSL service, 0–31 subcarriers are assigned for upstream data. Two schemes are available for assigning subcarriers for downstream data. One of the schemes assigns all of the 255 subcarriers for downstream data. In this case, the upstream band overlaps the downstream band. They are separated by means of echo cancellation. The second scheme assigns subcarriers 32–255 for downstream data. Echo cancellation is not needed in such case. 1–15 bits are carried over each subcarrier. Depending on the line attenuation, delay and noise conditions, the subcarriers not suitable for data transmission are terminated. z

The upstream and downstream frequencies

4)

Frequency Division Multiplexing

The upstream pilot tone is at 69 kHz (subcarrier#16), the downstream pilot tone is at 276kHz (subcarrier #64). The upstream transmit subcarrier is in the range of #7–#31 (#16 excluded), and the downstream transmit subcarrier is in range of #32–#255 (#64 excluded). Figure A–2 illustrates the FDM scheme.

POTS Splitter

276KHz Downstream Pilot Tone

69KHz Upstream Pilot Tone

Carrier# 7

31

16

Voice 26kHz Band

64

4.3125kHz

255

1.1MHz

Figure A–2 FDM scheme 5)

Echo cancellation

The upstream pilot tone is at 69kHz (subcarrier#16), the downstream pilot tone is at 276kHz (subcarrier#64). The upstream transmit subcarrier is in the range of #7–#31, and the downstream transmit subcarrier is in range of #7–#255 (#64 excluded). Figure A–3 illustrates the EC scheme.

A-6


POTS Splitter


276KHz Downstream Pilot Tone

69KHz Upstream Pilot Tone

Carrier# 7 Voice 26kHz Band

31

16

64

4.3125kHz

255 1.1MHz

Figure A–3 EC scheme

IV. ADSL initialization and rate adaptivity z

Establishing communication channel between DSLAM and ATU-R

Transceiver training: ADSL transceiver performs training in each subcarrier. Analysis of subcarrier: the transceiver makes analysis of each channel baaed on the received signals, including the attenuation, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), bit counts, and then defines the transmission and processing parameters of each channel. After the analysis, receiver at the local end exchanges the parameters set with the remote transmitter to make sure the settings at both ends match. z

Power and rate adaptation

Power adaptation: Increase the power for subcarriers with relatively high attenuation and low SNR margin, or decrease the power for subcarriers with high SNR with ±3dB steps. Bit swap: bit swap enables an ADSL system to change the number of bits assigned to a subcarrier, or change the transmit energy of a subcarrier without interrupting data flow.

V. ADSL protocol stack Figure A–4 shows the ADSL protocol stack.

A-7



Application layer Application layer

Application layer

IP

TCP/UDP

TCP/UDP

Application layer

PPP

IP

IP

TCP/UDP

Ethernet frame

PPP

Ethernet frame

IP

ATM cell

ATM cell

ATM cell

ATM cell

ADSL frame

ADSL frame

ADSL frame

ADSL frame

PPPoE/PPPoEoA

PPPoA

IPoEoA/1483(B)

IPoA

TCP/UDP

Figure A–4 ADSL protocol stack

A.3 ADSL2+ I. Overview The full expression of ADSL2+ is the second generation full rate asymmetric digital subscriber line. In 2003, the ITU-T issued the new Recommendation G.992.5, which is also known as ADSL2+ recommendation. This recommendation, which is derived from the first generation one, provides more functions, higher access rate, and steadier performance for users.

II. New operation modes There are three kinds of operating modes for ADSL. z

ADSL over POTS: ADSL annex A. In this mode, POTS and ADSL services are transmitted over the same pair of twisted pairs.

z

ADSL over ISDN: ADSL annex B. In this mode, ISDN and ADSL services are transmitted over the same pair of twisted pairs.

z

ADSL annex C: It is used under the TCM–ISDN crosstalk condition. This mode is mainly applied in Japan.

The following new operating modes are added to the ADSL2+. z

Annex I: This digital operating mode is compatible with Annex A in respect of spectrum. There is no POTS service transmitted on the line, and therefore, the ADSL2+ upstream spectrum is in the range of 3 kHz to 138 kHz. The number of sub-bands reaches 31, and the upstream bandwidth is over 1 Mbit/s.

z

Annex J: This digital operating mode is compatible with Annex B in respect of spectrum. There is no ISDN service transmitted on the line. In this mode, the upstream frequency band ranges from 3 kHz to 276 kHz. A maximum of 64 upstream sub-bands are supported and the maximum upstream rate reaches 2.3 Mbit/s. A-8



Annex M: It extends upstream bandwidth of Annex A. The upstream sub-band starts from 6, and ends with 32, 36, 40, 44, …, 63 based on different requirements of bandwidth. At the same time, the total Tx power remains unchanged. In this way, Annex M can provide the upstream rate close to Annex J. There are two kinds of downstream frequency bands, overlap and nonoverlap, which are the same as Annex B.

z

Annex L: It extends the transmission distance.

ADSL supports two kinds of interfaces, STM interface (PCM interface) and ATM interface (UTOPIA). Besides this, ADSL2+ also provides PTM (packet) interface, which bears HDLC over ADSL in non-ATM transmission mode.

III. Higher transmission rate Because ADSL2+ uses wider frequency (tone 32–511) and more sub-bands (512), it supports the maximum downstream rate of 24 Mbit/s. Figure A–5 shows its frequency spectrum. In ADSL2+ Annex J or Annex M, the upstream rate is increased to 2.3 Mbit/s.

Figure A–5 Extended upstream bandwidth of ADSL2+

IV. Longer transmission distance The transmission distance of ADSL is less than 5 km, while that of ADSL2+ is 6.5 km at least.

V. Lower power consumption ADSL2+ provides the power management function to reduce the running power. z

ADSL2+ offers the low power consumption mode, L2 mode. In this mode, if no user data is transmitted, the system reduces the Tx power to 30% of that in normal running state, which is only used to transmit the necessary management

A-9



messages and signal synchronization signals. When there is data to be transmitted, the normal power consumption is restored rapidly. z

The CO and the CPE of ADSL2+ have the function of “power cutback”, ranging from 0 to 40 dB. This function can reduce the Tx power of the system effectively during the normal operation. For ADSL, only the CO has such function, ranging from 0 to 12 dB.

VI. Steadier running and good frequency spectrum compatibility ADSL2+ has steadier running capability and good frequency spectrum compatibility. z

The receiver determines the carrier sequencing according to the channel analysis result, which can reflect the channel state more reliably and select most appropriate tone as pilot. This helps improve the steadiness of the ADSL connection.

z

In the training, the Rx end can test the distribution of RFI signals, and can control the Tx power of each tone through CO-MIB during the tone is closed. This avoids RFI and reduces the crosstalk to other pairs.

z

ADSL2+ is of good dynamic adaptability. The enhanced bit swap and the function of changing line rate seamlessly and dynamically in the “show time” state improve the adaptability to the line parameter variation.

z

For ADSL2+, the receiver and Tx end have the function of “power cutback”, ranging from 0 to 40 dB. This function reduces the local end echo and crosstalk. For ADSL, only the CO has such function in downstream direction, ranging from 0 to 12 dB.

z

The Rx end determines pilot, which avoids that the line cannot be activated because of the interference of line bridge extractor and Am.

z

The Tx and Rx ends control the initialization state length, which optimizes the function of transmitting and receiving signals.

z

ADSL2+ provides shortened training process, during which the faulty connection can be restored to the normal state quickly.

VII. Line diagnosis function ADSL2+ supports the dual ended loop test between the CO and the CPE to obtain the following parameters based on the special line test process. z

Line transfer function

The test result is given in two modes: linear expression and logarithm expression. The former indicates the information about the amplitude and the phase, and the latter gives the result convenient for calculation. z

Static line background noise power spectral density

When modem does not send any data to the line, it only detects the background noise on the line. Each tone has a test value.

A-10



Signal-to-noise ratio

It indicates the ratio of the signal power to the noise power that is received by the receiver. z

Loop attenuation (average value)

It indicates the average value of the amplitudes of transfer function of all nodes. z

Signal attenuation

It indicates the ratio of the signal power received by the Rx end to the signal power transmitted from the Tx end. Actually, it is the line attenuation parameter of ADSL. z

SNR margin

This value is given during the training and can be refreshed on a timed basis during the normal operation. It indicates the capability of the line connection to resist noise. z

Maximum reachable rate

You can use the following formula to work out the maximum reachable rate of the line based on the parameters listed above.

 NSC −1  SNR (i ) − snrgap − TARSNRM   ATTNDR =  ∑    × 4 kbit / s 3 dB   i =0  z

Actual total Tx power

It indicates the actual total Tx power of the local and the remote.

VIII. Seamless rate adaptive A telephone cable is made up of multiple pairs of twisted pairs. The electric signals in one pair of twisted pairs are coupled to the other twisted pairs of the same telephone cable. Such phenomenon is called crosstalk, which has an influence on ADSL performance. ADSL2+ adopts the seamless rate adaptive (SRA) technology to solve the problem of crosstalk. When ADSL2+ detects its channel environment changed, it adapts the line rate to the new application without changing BER, thus solving the problem of crosstalk.

IX. Rate binding function When multiple telephone lines are bound logically, users can obtain higher rate to meet different service needs. ADSL2+ supports the rate binding function, by which two or more twisted pairs can be bound to serve one ADSL connection. Figure A–6 illustrates how the rate varies from the distance when two twisted pairs are bound.

A-11



Figure A–6 Rate variation from the distance when two twisted pairs are bound

X. Channelized voice over DSL In ADSL2+, bandwidth can be divided into channels that have different connection characteristics to fulfill different applications. By channelized voice over DSL technology, ADSL2+ is able to provide CvoDSL service. By this service, the system can transmit TDM voice service over DSL bandwidth under the condition of guaranteeing the normal operation of the traditional POTS and Internet access services.

XI. Improved interworking capability In ADSL2+, ADSL transceiver unit is functionally divided into different sub-layers, including TPS-TC, PMS-TC, PMD and MPS-TC. All sub-layers are encapsulated, and messages among them are defined to achieve the interworking of equipment produced by different manufacturers.

A.4 SHDSL I. Overview SHDSL is developed from the technologies of HDSL, SDSL and ISDN. DSL2 applications are limited by its constant rate delivered. SDSL makes some

A-12



improvements to it, but fails to gain wide recognition. Therefore, ITU-T constitutes SHDSL Recommendation as a replacement. SHDSL supports a wide range of transmit rate, and features low transmit power, spectral compatibility. The transmit rate over a single twisted pair is in range of 192 kbit/s–2312 kbit/s with 8 kbit/s steps. Optionally, the transmit rate over two twisted pairs is in range of 384 kbit/s–4624 kbit/s with 16 kbit/s steps. SHDSL delivers data service at the rate reaching 2.3 Mbit/s over length of 3 km. It is used widely as a replacement of E1/T1 technology, or in applications requiring symmetric high-speed data service or VoDSL. It is applicable to videoconferencing, voice bundling etc. SHDSL advantages are as follows: z

Expand the E1/V.35 transmission distance (in TDM mode) to 3–6 km, four times that of the ordinary E1/V.35.

z

Make full use of existing copper wires to enable broadband service access.

z

Provides functions of flow control, service configuration, status check, remote maintenance over embedded operation channel (EOC).


ITU-T G.991.2

III. Interface 1)

Reference model

If enhanced transmission range is required, one or more SHDSL Regenerator Unit (SRU) may be inserted into the loop. Figure A–7 is the reference model of SHDSL for TDM transport. An SHDSL span consists of STU-C, STU-R and maintenance console. SHDSL in TDM mode is a digital transmission device over twisted pair in a sense. Console SNI

U-C

U-C

U-R

U-R

U-C

SRU

STU-C

UNI

U-R

STU-R

Line interface

Line interface

Figure A–7 SHDSL reference model for TDM mode Figure A–8 is the reference model of SHDSL for ATM transport. An SHDSL span consists of DSLAM, ATU-R and management unit.

A-13



Management unit SNI

U-C

U-R

U-C

U-R

U-C

DSLAM

UNI

U-R

SRU

STU-R

Line interface

Line interface

Figure A–8 SHDSL reference model for ATM transport

Note: Except the interface, SHDSL DSLAM provides the same functionality as ADSL DSLAM. SHDSL equipment, along with ADSL, VDSL equipment, can constitute a hybrid DSLAM.

2)

Interface

TDM-based STU-C provides one of the following service network interfaces (SNI). z

E1(2048 kbit/s) / T1(1544 kbit/s)

z

V.35

TDM-based STU-R provides one of the following user network interfaces (UNI). z

E1 (2048 kbit/s) / T1(1544 kbit/s)

z

V.35

ATM-based STU-C provides one of the following SNIs. z

ATM 622 Mbit/s optical interface

z

ATM 155 Mbit/s optical interface

z

ATM 155 Mbit/s electrical interface

z

ATM 34368 kbit/s interface

z

10/100Base-T interface

z

100Base-Fx interface

ATM-based STU-R provides one of the following UNIs. z

10/100Base-T interface

z

100Base-Fx interface

A.5 VDSL I. Overview VDSL can transmit high-speed symmetrical data service at the rate of 13 Mbit/s over the length of 1500 meters.

A-14




ITU-T G.993.1

III. Line coding Two line codes are widely used in VDSL: QAM and DMT. QAM gains wide application in VDSL commercial applications. QAM advantages are as follows: z

Simple to implement, low cost, low power consumption.

z

Adaptive filter decreases the frequency interference.

z

It distributes VDSL in frequencies within 900 kHz to overlap ADSL. When ADSL service is unavailable over the twisted pair, frequencies larger than 138kHz can be used to deliver higher rate.

z

Compared with DMT, QAM requires more precise digital-to-analogue converter (DAC) and analogue-to-digital converter (ADC).

IV. VDSL transmit frequency band z

ITU-T 993.1 Annex A: Bandplan A

Figure A–9 VDSL frequency band division

Table A–3 VDSL frequency band division Frequency band MHz Direction

z

fg0−fg1

fg1−fg2

fg2−fg3

fg3−fg4

fg4−fg5

0.025-0.138

0.138-3.75

3.75-5.2

5.2-8.5

8.5-12

Optional

Downstream

Upstream

Downstream

Upstream

ITU-T 993.1 Annex B: Bandplan B

Figure A–10 VDSL frequency band division

A-15



Table A–4 VDSL frequency band division Frequency band MHz Direction

fg0−fg1

fg1−fg2

fg2−fg3

fg4−fg4

fg4−fg5

0.025-0.138

0.138-3.0

3.0-5.1

5.1-7.05

7.05-12

Optional

Downstream

Upstream

Downstream

Upstream

V. VDSL protocol stack Figure A–11 shows the VDSL protocols stack. Application layer

TCP/UDP IP Ethernet frame VDSL

Figure A–11 VDSL protocol stack

A-16


Appendix B Terminologies

Appendix B Terminologies ABR (Available Bit Rate) It is a kind of ATM service. With this service, the network can bear maximum amount of cells most efficiently, but it cannot guarantee the arrival of the cells. The network can support the data transmission at different bit rates, minimum ensured data transmission rate and specified performance parameters. In the general traffic switching, the network can ensure the minimum loss of the received flow. ADSL (Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line) It is a kind of digital subscriber line technology, in which the advanced digital modulation method is adopted to transmit high-speed digital signals over the traditional analog telephone subscriber lines. The downstream rate is greater than the upstream one. ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode) It is a kind of connection-oriented network technology, which uses small cells with fixed size at the bottom layer. It has the potential of using one bottom layer technology to support voice, video and data transmission at the same time. ATU (ADSL Transceiver Unit) It is a complete ADSL transceiver unit consisting of Discrete Multi-tone Module and AFE Module. ATU-C (ADSL Transceiver Unit, Central Office End) It is an ADSL office end device which receives upstream data stream and sends downstream data stream with high density and low power consumption. ATU-R (ADSL Transceiver Unit, Remote End) It is an ADSL remote end equipment, which sends upstream data stream and receives downstream data stream with low cost and low power consumption. CAC (Connection Admission Control) It is the connection resource allocation regulation adopted when the network connection is created. It is used to determine whether a connection request is accepted or refused. CBR (Constant Bit Rate)

B-1



It is a kind of ATM service. It supports consecutive information bit stream transmission, for example, voice and image services that require the bandwidth in fixed size during data transmission. CCS (Common Control Signaling) It is a signaling mode in which a group of voice channels of signaling is transmitted in a high-speed data link in the TDM mode. Generally, it is used in the telecommunications network composed of SPC switches. Since it is usually used for inter-office, it is also called common channel inter-office signaling mode. CES (Circuit Emulation Service) It is a kind of ATM service, which provides virtual circuits similar to the TDM between local access circuits. This service is realized through the AAL1 protocol. CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check) It is a kind of data transmission error detecting function, which performs data multinomial calculation, and attaches the sum to the frame. The receiving equipment also performs this algorithm, and checks whether the data are distorted during transmission by checking the sum. CTS (Clear to Send) It is a control signal sent from the DCT to DET, which indicates that the DCT will start transmitting data. DCE (Data Communication Equipment) It is a device used to connect communication network and subscribers, and provide synchronous clock for the DTE as well. DLCI (Data link Connection Identifier) It is a unique numeral allocated to the FR connection end-point in the FR network. It is carried at the header of the FR frame, and used to distinguish different connections. DMT (Discrete Multi-Tone) It is the ADSL modulation technology recommended by the ANSI T1.413. The main principle is to divide the frequency band (0-1.104MHz) into 256 quadrature sub-channels indicated by frequency (each sub-channel occupies 4kHz bandwidth). The input signal, after the bit allocation and buffering, is divided into bit blocks. After the time compressed multiplex (TCM) coding and 512-point Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform (IDFT), the signal is transformed to time domain. At this time, the bit blocks will be transformed to 256 QAM sub-characters. Afterward, a cyclic prefix (used to eliminate inter-symbol interference) is added to each bit block. Then, the signal is sent

B-2



to the channel by the sending filter after digital-analog (DA) conversion. At the receiving end, the reverse order is taken to receive and decode the signal. DSLAM (Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexer) It is an office-end equipment used to converge and distribute the ADSL access service. DTE (Data Terminal Equipment) It is a device at the subscriber end. It is generally connected to the network through the DCE, and adopts the synchronous clock provided by the DCE. DTR (Data Terminal Ready) It is a kind of interface control signal sent from the DTE to DCE, which is used to inform the DCE that the DTE has been ready. EOC (Embedded Operations Channel) It is one of the overhead channels, which is used for the communication of the ATU-C with ATU-R, the online and offline maintenance, as well as the collection of ATU-R status information and performance monitoring parameters. FECN (Forward Explicit Congestion Notification) It is one bit in the FR data frame, which is set by the network where congestion occurs. It is used to notify the user to start the congestion-avoiding program and it indicates the information flow in the same direction of the frame carrying the BECN indication. FR (Frame Relay) The frame relay service provides bi-directional transmission of subscriber information stream between subscribers and network interfaces, and keeps information sequence unchanged. The subscriber information is transmitted with the unit of frame, and the subscriber information stream is counted and multiplexed. Frame relay is a major technology generated in the ISDN standardization process. As a kind of transmission technology, it is developed based on the X.25 packet switching technology under the conditions that the digital fiber transmission lines have taken the place of the existing analog lines gradually and the subscriber terminals become much more intelligent. HDB3 (High Density Bipolar of Order 3 Code) It is a kind of E1 line coding mode. MIB (Management Information Base) It is the objective collection that can be accessed through the network management protocol (such as SNMP). NNI (Network-Network Interface) B-3



It is the inter-node interface in the same network recommended by ITU-T. The ATM Association prescribes two standards: one is called PNNI used in the private network, and the other is called common NNI used in the common network. RTS (Request to Send) It is a control signal sent from the DTE to DCE, notifying the DCE that the DTE has data to transmit. SAR (Segmentation and Reassembly) It is used to segment the information frames into the ATM cells in the output source, and reassemble these ATM cells into the information frames in the destination equipment. These activities take place in the lower parts of the AAL, and each type of AAL has its own SAR format. SNR (Signal-to-Noise Ratio) It is an electric parameter that indicates the relative size of the constant signal to the noise. SRTS (Synchronous Residual Time Stamp) It is a method used for AAL1 to restore the clock of the sending end at the receiving end. The AAL1 detects the frequency margin (residual timestamp) between the sending clock and network clock at the sending end. The margin value, as part of the sequence flag field of the AAL1 frame format, is transmitted through the network, and the receiving end can regenerate the sending clock signal according to this timestamp. UBR (Unspecified Bit Rate) It is a non-real-time application service, of which the delay needs not to be restricted strictly. This application includes the traditional computer communication application program, for example, file transmission or E-mail. VBR (Variable Bit Rate) In the ATM, the service with variable bit rate can generate the variable throughput rate. Based on whether the throughput rate is generated in real time, it can be divided into two kinds of services, nrt-VBR service and rt-VBR.

B-4


Appendix C Abbreviations and Acronyms

Appendix C Abbreviations and Acronyms A AAL

ATM Adaptation Layer

AAL1

ATM Adaptation Layer Type 1

AAL5

ATM Adaptation Layer 5

ACL

Access Control List

ACM

Adaptive Clock Method

ADC

Analog Digit Converter

ADM

Add/Drop Multiplexer

ADSL

Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line

AG

Access Gateway

AIS

Alarm Indication Signal

AMI

Alternate Mark Inversion code

AN

Access Network

ANSI

American National Standard Institute

APS

Automatic Protection Switching

ARP

Address Resolution Protocol

ASL

Analog Subscriber Line Board

ATM

Asynchronous Transfer Mode

ATU-C

ADSL transceiver unit, central office end

ATU-R

ADSL transceiver unit, remote end

AU

Administrative Unit

B BAS

Broadband Access Server

BER

Bit Error Ratio

BHCA

Busy Hour Call Attempt

B-ISDN

Broadband Integrated Services Digital Networks

BITS

Building Integrated Timing Supply system

BORSCHT

Battery feeding, Overvoltage protection, Ringing control, Supervision, CODEC& filter, Hybrid circuit and Test

BRA

Basic Rate Access

C-1


BRI


Basic Rate Interface

C CAC

Connection Admission Control

CAP

Carrierless Amplitude Modulation

CAR

Committed Access Rate

CBR

Constant Bit Rate

CES

Circuit Emulation Service

CHAP

Challenge-Handshake Authentication Protocol

CID

Caller Identification Display

CL

Connection Line

CLIP

Calling Line Identification Presentation

CMM

Capability Maturity Model

CPE

Customer Premises Equipment

CPU

Center Processing Unit

CRC

Cyclic Redundancy Check

CSMA/CD

Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection

D DAC

Digit-Analog Converter

DC

Direct Current

DCC

Data Communication Channel

DCD

Data Carrier Detected

DCE

Data Circuit-terminal Equipment

DDI

Direct-Dialing-In

DDN

Digital Data Network

DMT

Discrete Multi-tone

DSL

Digital Subscriber Line

DSLAM

Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexer

DSR

Data Set Ready

DSU

Data Service Unit

DTE

Data Terminal Equipment

DTMF

Dual Tone Multi-Frequency

DTR

Data Terminal Ready

DWMT

Discrete Wavelet Multi-Tone

E

C-2



EC

Echo Cancellation

ECC

Embedded Control Channel

EIA

Electronics Industry Association

EOC

Embedded Operations Channel in DS1 Rate Interface

ETSI

European Telecommunications Standards Institute

F FDD

Frequency Division Duplex

FDM

Frequency-Division Multiplexing

FE

Fast Ethernet

FEC

Forward Error Correction

FoIP

Fax over IP

FSK

Frequency Shift Keying

FTTB

Fiber To The Building

FTTC

Fiber To The Curb

FWHM

full-width at half maximum

FXO

Foreign Exchange Office

G GE

Gigabit Ethernet

GUI

Graphic User Interface

H HDLC

High-speed Data link Control

HDSL

High-speed digital subscriber line

HW

Highway

I IEEE

Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers

IGMP

Internet Group Management Protocol

IMA

Inverse Multiplexing for ATM

IP

Internet Protocol

IPoA

IP over ATM

IPoE

IP over Ethernet

IPoEoA

IP over Ethernet over ATM

ISDN

Integrated Services Digital Network

ITU

International Telecommunications Union

C-3


ITU-T


International Telecommunication Union- Telecommunication Standardization Sector

L LAN

Local Area Network

LE

Local Exchange

LED

Light Emitting Diode

LOF

Loss Of Frame

LOS

Loss Of Signal

LT

Line Termination

M MDF

Main Distribution Frame

MFC

Multiple Frequency Control

MGCP

Media Gateway Control Protocol

MIB

Management Information Base

MLM

Multi-Longitudinal Mode (laser)

MoIP

Modem over IP

MSN

Multi-subscriber Number

MSTP

Multi-Service Transmission Platform

MTA

Multifunctional Terminal Adapter

N NA

Not applicable

NAT

Network Address Translation

NGN

Next Generation Network

N-ISDN

Narrow-band ISDN

NNI

Network Node Interface (Network-to-Network)

nrt-VBR

Non-Real Time Variable Bit Rate

NT

Network Termination

O OAM

Operation and Maintenance

OLT

Optical Line Terminal

ONU

Optical Network Unit

OSPF

Open Shortest Path First

P PAR

Peak to Average

C-4



PBX

Private Branch Exchange

PCM

Pulse-Code Modulation

PCR

Peak Cell Rate

PDH

Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy

PNNI

Private Network-Network Interface

POTS

Plain Old Telephone Service

PPP

Point-to-Point Protocol

PPPoA

PPP over ATM

PPPoE

PPP Over Ethernet

PRA

Primary Rate Access

PRI

Primary Rate Interface

PSD

Power Spectrum Density

PSTN

Public Switched Telephone Network

PVC

Permanent Virtual Channel

PVP

Permanent Virtual Path

Q QAM

Quadrature Amplitude Modulation

QoS

Quality of Service

R RIP

Routing Information Protocol

RTCP

Real-time Transport Control Protocol

RTP

Real-time Transport Protocol

RTU

Remote Test Unit

rt-VBR

real time Variable Bit Rate

S SAR

Segmentation And Reassembly

SCR

Sustainable Cell Rate

SDH

Synchronous Digital Hierarchy

SDT

Structured Data Transfer

SF

Signal Fail

SHDSL

Single-pair High-speed Digital Subscriber Line

SM

Switching Module

SNI

Service Node Interface

SNMP

Simple Network Management Protocol

C-5



SNR

Signal-to-noise ratio

SONET

Synchronous Optical Network

SRTS

Synchronous Residual Time Stamp

SRU

SHDSL Regenerator Unit

SSM

Synchronization Status Message

STM

Synchronous Transfer Mode

STP

Shielded Twisted Pair

SVC

Switched Virtual Channel

T TCM

Time Compressed Multiplex

TCP

Transport Control Protocol

TDM

Time Division Multiplex

TFTP

Trivial File Transfer Protocol

TMN

Telecommunications Management Network

TTL

time to live

TU

Tributary Unit

U UBR

Unspecified Bit Rate

UDP

User Datagram Protocol

UDT

Unstructured Data Transfer

UNI

User Network Interface

UTP

Unshielded Twisted Pair

V VBR

Variable Bit Rate

VC

Virtual Channel

VCC

Virtual Channel Connection

VCI

Virtual Channel Identifier

VDSL

Very High Speed DSL

VLAN

Virtual Local Area Network

VOD

Video on Demand

VoIP

Voice over IP

VP

Virtual Path

VPC

Virtual Path Connection

VPI

Virtual Path Identifier; Virtual Path Identifier

C-6


VPL


Virtual Path Link

W WAN

Wide Area Network

WRR

Weighted Round Robin

WWW

World Wide Web

X xDSL

x Digital Subscriber Line

C-7

UA5000 Technical Manual

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