Volker Brondke – Seni Senior or Process Process Engi Engineer neer Andreas Hambuecker Hambuecker – Engineerin Engineering g Manager arry sa s i – ranc anaging irector
Gastech 2009 ues ay t ay Storage / Terminals Terminals Gas Processing Package Plants
• The cu curr rre ent tec echn hno olo logi gies es fo forr LN LNG G va vapo porris isat atio ion n in an LNG Imp mpo ort Terminal n uences on se ec on o vapor ser ype: – Env Enviro ironme nmenta ntall iss issues ues:: vapo vapour ur emi emissi ssions ons,, chem chemica icals ls for wat water er treatm tre atment ent & powe powerr usage usage – CA CAPE PEX X for for av avai aila labl ble e va vapo pour uris isat atio ion n te tech chno nolo logi gies es – OPEX (utilities/auxiliaries) – ot pace requirtements – De Delilive very ry titime mess – • The TGE solution and its benefits.
BOG COMPRESSI PRESSION ON
BOG ABSORPTION
ORV
& HP PUMPING
SCV
SHIP UNLOADING
FUTURE
GAS METERING &
FUTURE HP PUMPS
Kettle-type Vaporiser Kettle
SCV
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ORV
Shell & Tube
Ambient Air
4
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Plot Space
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• The need for chlorination of the water to prevent marine growth. • The need for de-chlorination before water discharge. • Land-based location due to uniform water distribution requirements • A minimum water quantity of approx. 60% of design water or m ormat on. • Limitation of use in case of cold water. • eterioration o zinc coating system y eavy meta impurities and erosion by particles.
Plot Space
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• Used when seawater is cold • . • Emissions of CO2, NOx , etc. . • Usually used as a back-up. form. Used in smaller applications for industrial ases.
– Closed intermediate circuit, e.g. water glycol. , , good for FSRU applications. • intermediate fluid. – Relativel lar e lot si nificant ro ane inventory, high CAPEX.
• Direct Air Heatin s stems – Ambient Air Vaporisers (finned tubes) – Fan-assisted Ambient Air Vaporisers, high OPEX – Applicable for smaller terminals, can have fog issues, low OPEX, produces clean water. – .
• In-direct Air Heating systems – Use air to heat intermediate fluid which va orises LNG. – Can be complex, occupy large plot, high CAPEX
• ses eawater • Has pressurised propane circuit. • Uti ises stan ar , proven pump, eat exc angers and controls. • o u ar. • Small foot-print. • ompet t ve operat ng costs. • Simplifies overall terminal design.
• Compact Heat Exchangers, laser welded plate . • Utilises a significant amount of • Standard low head propane pump. • operation. • Relativel low inventor of ro ane.
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NG Product
. .
Propane Feed
Propane Outlet LNG Feed
Number of single plates welded together by 1. port hole weld
2. girth weld
=
Consideration was given to several types of exchangers. Plate Exchangers, incl. spiral plate. Not suitable, too many gaskets, low design pressure. p ra woun u e. High
Etched
cost.
late Heatric .
Considered
expensive. More prone to blockage.
, Not considered adequately robust for temperature swings. Corrosion
Plate-fin, No
is an issue.
stainless steel.
experience at high pressures. .
Plate & Shell desi n advanta es include Effectiveness = more heat transfer per m2 Compactness = more heat transfer per m3 of skid
Weight is much lower Reduced inventory of hydrocarbons
Leads to shorter skid build time and unit construction
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• Eliminates need for electro-clorination and dechlorination. • Re uce cost o water exit system. • Can be designed for smaller water flows than an may require oca acceptance
• • • • • •
Shorter construction time due to modular concept. etter turn- own c aracter st cs. Greater tolerance to water impurities. an e ocate on a oating aci ity. Simpler maintenance. High mechanical resilience of the heat exchangers.
This unit is relatively CAPEX cost neutral compared with other schemes. Eac site wi ave i erent nee s must e examine to show applicability of the TGE solution. o en a sav ngs w nc u e:
Reduced cost in exit water system, electrochlorination & dechlorination reduced water flows in some cases. Wider operating envelope for seawater temperatures, impurities and turndown.
Has definite advantages for floating facilities.
