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Righ from t b ! 6 start a, record, rather 'be3lt, tmstto m ,c m or 1 i o w o r d o 'n e an th results 'wmcb ha ha v e b ee n 10 bralned, land, in order k no w w he re : ' Y U i U , h a v e lDOtm, Ciltlruny 'the slaroo.d~ c o m m e n c e oper,utions, 'b j,gmitio,:n d . m i n, g . v a l ve : t i m ! : i n - g ,d c o m p J £ l l : S d O ' D ratio, Th latter is determined by settin! t h , , , ..s 'Wtl a;, t.d.e, wi tb dle v a l V C - 9 clo,sed, tll,le:n, 'aUing, th cylinder 'h~!d f r o m
'the D'Oretl.e u m t U the ,Iliqwd, jfJ~t , r e a , c h e l , h e o w e b re 'a d o f ' tJ ~ e :p lu g h ,( )I ~ j th e:ngine b e i n g po,sitioned so ' C n ! 1 t th P i i Q I J 1 i l o l i s v ~ rr jc a l T h e n lOck ' t h e : m . a i M : ~ l f t very slighny liJqIrid reaehes .its mwrimn:m, helght imdl , ~ ~ , p . . : 1 l l 1 l : 'untO
s,'ome\\V.ha'lle., than th a p p m r. en t v o lu m e ~h,e he lid, iU 'bu J' le in ,R ;,,~ry b~d s , t a ' t e iDd~dj Ith~ gi w.aCCltr,icy 'win n',aooly 't]~. ! b a d , ,c,nou·lhto matter at this &bJg~: the proeeedlngs, Y(JU , r r e a U y want tO dJo th job I~en ,lift o f f t h b ea d 1 , [ J e : t l ' : e f i u U , y ' a:pp~.y g a l l a s e l l ,o o f i 8' if i l v !a Jv e h ea d s a n be~en the: p i s t U D , o w a . iiU'tHl~d, bal~re1'to f O i r c m termporalY seal, to 'rtll.'~ H q _ w d U s e d ~ ,water]s th 'best 'wh~n. th,crf,e.is ~;~y d,.oubt , a ~ ; b o ; t l t h conditl,QiD of th ' v a l v e s , r' 'rings" b e c a 1 1 1 1 6 it is less m i k e ] . y ito le'ak PI'St, these 'pom,m than. -para:ffim Of' Bgb,~ o f M B iD e Id ( [ tw l i list pMtk~lll1ar.ly .if IGil
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sq n I D r ~ , O O . u . p tIR, ,[D b~tand eshaus perts, p'()[[' e c l i l il g 'tOe "n rr " f- ' - " -~ ~-n e w . y a ss e m _ e ,u .e ,D, ' 1~!m £ ~ 1 .mu:x1~'UI!e, ,0 p a l ~ dees o t a v a n d , 'thin .,oil is pre_&f!~ble~. l i c , l i l ' C Y .{'If , -- . ~
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A l th o 'Q I h b u re tt e I(whi,ch c a n , ' b e ' obtaifJJed from most wh,01eslde c h e m i s ~ s 'Oil B c i e : n t i f i c wstF:UlIIlent S i l \ l . p p ] j e ~ , s ) ar m,oiS~ygmauated ou m :Q 3bso,lU'~e ' C',,(LS~ need to us either that. iustmm'!ll or '(fla.-t, seale, he held v o l u m e could JIJS'i~ as et:sily f t w d ,cnJ;ncesor measured c t b i i ne he s p 'T o vi d- e W U it t h 5ilm.~ measure is used '{(l,r th ,cyUnder ca,padtY,1 In wo,r:l-dn , , 1 'ou,l 'th@ ratio ~ am e h e ha 3. ui IO'fhlmc~ equals, on 1irlm ,('t ~ O O O ('LC~) and, us~n~, ~ n . y cylinder can, c : a s U y t h o o 'D v e r s i e n [actol;' d 1 l e '¥,clume j1
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plIn 10' d e t ; e r m i m 1 , e : fOil" subsequeut , r c f tl m O ! c e what the, a c t u a l a d y : a n c e I,angel is For ' t h e : '~~a,J' ' m e t h ( ,d s ; v a r y : so'm cams ar groU'lJd with, lif~j) ql1ieb~;nlj'n !: ,CI!llV e'S, 8 \ 1 ; t f u e : 'stMt a D l d ,fiDi&b. w m r n give ;m very s h ~ w ' tak~~upj m t T d n g th~ aetaal ,~t m i t t an close 1'1 'pom'ti d i m > ~ u l t 'to de~e:rnnne'~. T h e , r-ecom,~ measure t lb e t im i n g wjJ.th tn.a m e m : l a r l i O ' D , in s n e h cues, js m ,p p e t s e t to ,R leil,ea:fBn~ ml!llc'b,gre'lt~r t M : o tbl' D o n n a ] :running ,c.le8;mnOf!i'~, Tllu ss th effect ,o maJidDs the 0118 sharply ,de.eil~bu opr ll a n , e ] o s ! m g p'oiDfa, ,r D o t g iv e tb t n m _ e ' I , g u T e S l ~ S! p O i , b u . wbleb ' m I J l 1 S ' £ C D U U ! ! \ . , it ,.j'
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v a v e s i e m , an earn : f o U D ~ w ~ r : ~ p'oss,ible to meas,ll1f, ~''h e O n V 'i rJ ic e e m, g n e it L 1 u : t h . o d ado:peed s ; e ; t Ill.p ,clea:rafl~ w l l t h leeteI'I; d:~~llaup: co mc ~: th valve stem a:ll ' ~ O l ildJ~t the ' £ a .p p e b , ~ o tb th " ! t a l ¥B 'i lUled on to 'tWOI ' th o W i ~ ' j a: 'ilIJ,g of' eeurse, tb.t t h t a1 J l fY W 'e r is OD cllC~G lo the ClUIl an ' D o t jus'~ ,8ft: th ' ! i I b 1 : r t ,f Hft~ T,lll~n,b lll1!11 th.c e n g i L U J e u n i l t b ' va lv e l if t :I W i e r , 0. 0.5 : m l i Ii .mud rood otl'the 'timing m e t& lo d i s 'b ne whi.ch S h C N l l i d b e : U '~ e d \It that J t ,e a l~ y a C C l lr i t c r -e a ,d m , l tile v a l v e O " Q .l ilY' , e J l , g l o e to --
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'Ole mal w b a , t OOtnJ'ti'tLltes, -,n'IBvcre'llll w e a l ' ~ Beea r w : _ r b i ' £ lo l ! c h a m e a 1 noise d , o e s no ma': ter, ,8 certain : am c no l' t o f I ] , ~ c' k [! te s s bC(,IB a n d h e t S ! c a n! ' be d i s, [_ , ~r d c 'but .' i ' ~ ~ m i s a k ' t ,t m i l k ' " as some do, tffil at everytbimg, s h Q u 1 d ,s opPY", fla.im ~a~a'rift.rsin the cam G;6Il' and : s , m a D - e n d eleat'(Ulc~ :slould have bCltw ; e u , ~ ' O O lin, and ~ 0 0 2 in, B' 'maximmm ,Oil , , 0 0 3 : P i m c 'h , 0 1 ' " d i a m ' 0 . t e r ' l l w'itlh : f , O U e t b e l r m 0 , & 5 ' .~ill,ou~dl\:-: p m c t i c a U y D!Dls·lack in t he m a 't . all- an h e a c tracb, m . u i ~ : ,eJt-omj1led to se 'that no pt ~ ,ha taken p~aCfti' 'Wben dismantl!hlB Rll:y' en~e, l C o n t a 11'iu\g more 'Ulln ' O U f : ,fQIJi1fml:il' t~ k e p a t ti e tJ ] a r ~et: ,avoid mixingl up th sets, bearing ,Elp.aJ:ri loo.f\~U[[y~ place, set. ea , o f ' o o ll te r . s matebb OAI or M'l an m$e 1\ n o t e ' 00. the : l ~ O a , t i, o n, a f t h e : O O I Q , t e n t c J " Injecting th mito, (;IC;h beariD 'fresh, p r i _ , Q ' l J i 'to dis;ma:nt11ng \ V i l l uu~y ',!mcb "no\\" 'fIlling
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~ta'Dd1afd,o v , c m S B m . t ' h o u . t brin,linl the ICiOgmC, oueUilei side 'the c 1 H ! ! ; , c u bi e c ,a ,p a ci t I ID m i ~and :f'ODm'ly' have to, o o bame~ ,r ,having tb IOlkt, es on IDbtairn,io.g latter 'technique is q m m ' '8, ,good. idea re'r lone re-lined, t h e , arduous conditions of d ir t- rr ae k o r sand, n t .c i n g ' b e e s use: 'bor.-edout . , ' 0 0 ' 5in, 'und~..:sm~ s n d J j 1a:ter ' t h e i ll in e t ' c a n mst h , o m e d , ut to s,ttuJ(j'ud (U meter.:' ~tkt that UUCf' C 1 ; : U be fiUe(} n d t h l e e x p o o s l ' o f ,ne'" "ffi)flf[,els, is avoided~ 'f t h w e a r is o ' r n J l y to I t b e : exteat 0"[ tw 1 I ] 1 r l : · t f u o u s ; ~ the ba C an 0 0 , ' l a J " p p o o ut The eenditien of t h v al ve s' t g ui d e , a D t t seats is [m;pol"mt~ I n i e t ; ~R 1 J 'I e S ; 1 e l l t S , m(nimdl baVI- b e t w ~ C ( I I ,002 ~,004 c'~ai'mJl~1 'bUl emaus;t v , a 1 v e s ~ ; ,if m o d e l 1::".8., g r t i j : or 15S0p'~S'6 : s ~ cZ l n e e m o r e , , ,0 0 1 p er " ,ofstem dtlmeter em c'lear,lJlCC is l e s s , tha~, go,o fiSlUre ito lV,ork to If'~ b JE 1 J ,v e m a , y 'bind at h D l g h I~emperaures;, m e r e , it cannet le~rid fIf h e al , p ro p e r l Y i l ,DWEllS, to i n s u m c l e . n t COD~QJct M,tb tb guide. nU m aU e - o f I l e a t dj~l~ipad,oo 'i vna:ru~ nd ,W th m s t i _ n g O O ~ 1 r a m , wmdll Is a, l o ' O m , a . r . - & 1 l v e ~ y p o o r COD,"! ,lUliid',s is du.{Jto,,, lfir m e z 1 " t , ) it ean, w i t b ,BdlflBJllta,1~ replaced ItUIC ,of B lm m i m : u m , b I T O D H : Of :phns p ! b . O \ [ ' . , broue~ 'thOlL\p ltlt~ IIa lt er ' b a b e e n ,kn,Q'WD g iv e Double under ,~xtliemD b!!\lt CIO\ll(Uti e m s ~ h r, au g, b ' br -e .a ld n :1w , f l 1 at 'tbl b e r t e n d , Ilear th'_' P O l l l ; ;
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SDO'WS v,er!' tW edge, i l e : l d " " it s b. ro u l ' b dis,..
s n c m o m e : or cobalt-chrom valves , t J e q U J 3 D d " ,fitted o a ~ s~ e S Po r s l 'eDgm,~s, ar very s~'usra~'£oiry o E ~ n
th ~xha!tStl bu,~wiu!r-e r,~c~1 concerne rt is bette 1 , 0 1 'p'~ays 8 ' f , e ' and, ,aU5:[,en.ttn; & t e e w ~ i.e., a~Lllaugb th K~Eii ;96,,5'Of Jessop,l's 'G J1 o r h e e m 0 1 . ] J s , t inlet, s u u: u ia r d s ;~ e e ls l u l l l d , 5:1 tisfactory' fo th - n ebance - t h a t ft crack ay have A'PBIit f r , o m h e acne) between 1 i 1 ~ eRba,us~ v'a-lve S C I , t I l d t p'~ug h o l e (,0 d~~~~~~ffi~h s o m e d m e s d if fi eu H d e t ' c c ' t , ) t R'ft old ~,:UJrlde,~1 mlJch iSerli'~te U~,U3Uy h ow s , good, bc~ad w.h.k:b bas, :I)~ 8id~ ''IIlIive~~mt ea_'f~partwclU~ldy on ea \ v h i' c c a u se s ~ble v a v e be sHgln1y masked nd 'rcduQe3 their effective . ft " = f as is . r r e q - u e 1 1 ~ t l y a s in spcns engin'es~ L h , e . y , a d : y e s are o f c qu ~ w m ; the bM " ' ! ' s y t o , cr u: J' f U ~ S l ~n~ lar.g,et Ul \vllJ bt :1 VaJVID , [ ' [ h e inlet p O f 1 l to ~suilo:nd recut tile seat, d m a m e t , e r pe possrub[~~ 10 ' T h ~ s p ' r o Q e d u r c : mlly DO't l~i"D~S ' w 1 1 e l i e 't,he 'vla]v~ 'i a. L r e a d y ' ,o tb ma;u.tDu'ml ,permlsslblll! d l i a m : e t J ~ ' f a s i e t t e d by tile posHioiJ!lof the m l ~ U I ,hole or th : ~ U l l b t U ~i}J , f " fouUn,g O l e e d ,g e ,o th exhallst valve 'wbell, o t v~lvm;, parHall,y ad~ c h 18 e a O l ltLlsmrg m , ~ t ' b e r e m o v e d by ClltOOg it I,WiJiY withe toot sjmila.r to 2. 'vaj,ve seat curter b~it widl. valve seat much Baue ,am~e; a r m , t l e is 4 , 5 1 ° ~ it ' of te n possible to uUUiz~ leutter i]]]:tend,~d fo ~aT,ger \"3.} ve with :0 seat So'm w e L d i ng fiJrms make speciaUt) b r u : l l 1 d I n g - ' [ [ r p 'W~Dl seats '~y wetdin,!~, me re.. aehlne th he~d1' though no't at': SO ~tUr~!e,- tt , i ,a c i n g s : ta ' D (, b lr d ~ , ~both irnn ,~nd a 1 , u m b u u m , _ . , this m ( ; r ~ b . o d ~ but t h 1 e : t e is b [ 1 o . n . z e . h , e a d s 'CI,D be reelaimed g _ m : v , e d:lJlpr melting th alumjlltUlll, Ja,cl;et Of' ,at least
,for.'
TUN'ING'
,It Pl~t:B,L:n~:INA,R,Y' :8U,I,YBY
'DB: ~UJ'IU3~U
h e c lo se ' a d h e e nc e ~ :e ~ w o o die twOI mem.ls in o f bi-metal h,~ds which na:'e aluminlam o o c a t.....·,,11·"1 ". [·' ue
de.ertrolymg
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I.
seats
D 1m . .~:n:serts, i l a n : a ' i t trac U v e , metb.'(ld r ~ c l a : m r a : t r u . o A , since ' J D l e r , e is 'RO risk crad kiii '01" S ;p o i. li ll g t h h ea d , 'W'Olugb !cxcessive' :beai li ,a1s:0 'tbe· msttts ca be mad of ma a l ' w m e b is less prone to se , ~ i m k a g e . ' C h a n . t h o r ig in w , ~ :c a s , a m t ti D iu , br.oD%e' is b m : d : in 'this, . [ U p o c t whereas wr,o'Dlht d u - m i m nm,-bl'\c1ue tu be 9 t r m l d e d . bar is g o e d S ea ~ i n g s in t il e f to r m a , 1 U s t e w t i e c a s t ; o - i l r O Q whicJl ,. hlgb .. m a d e i~ plaitr w:£:"UO]), obtained e x p a n s i e n , ! : d g b " ' W M r - r n :5 , ~ s c i n \ 1 m a t li !, ri a] J ' c a n .o meatlen "ro,m V , U i O r u 9 , firms-'I.~ ~Bdco ,and WeU,w'ortby m aY t h .o W G" e r. ~ ' D e e d tOI ~ m y ' ' t w C J . . = = o m s:tandmrrd ,shes. ruJsab~c In some: h e a d s , be 'educed ,Ot1ts.ize , Ui un et e' r t o : S m t r.l~g5 Icam: s o b e p u r e b a s o o as Bpafe& o m m s 'whoi ~. '~!... .. . U 1 e a · ; 5 111m I ll se : r: L" e u s e a t s a s standard sU,PP_' aiumnnum e q u i p m e u t, ,mckiel-·:o: r ' C ' D a1!l:c'y k n D w n .;s, Ni..resist' is 1 ~ . x ; c e U l ! n t ra ·0 th & 1 [ 1 st,emdc type m .n d 'm:~deTi,~,~r . · o , m w h i c h (;0 ma Sl~'t·_rirngg,. '\VIDlrell:5;ttimg sea,t...rm\pj ib,s limil'ting ' fa ! l: to . l i s , usually ' t h e : t ht ek ne s o f m e g w : w c· b 'M:U 'b left 'between Ith~ 'if-eOOS,SeS th sphere b e t " w , o o n IDC! t _ h ~ ' p~.ug-h,oJ.,aMd B \ t : tc ' t O P I I'IOOSae:S':l1 1iB!~ ' th i ck r o es s a ,~ : th e u t a c o f th w, risk t b a . £ , CIolek tU ~ ph C F J ' l e s s 'thu , m . . there 'i o c cu r i n ~ ~ er v. i c 'earticu.blrly· ~ (bern fference r b ~ ' t w e e ; l lh, e t he r oe~fficieIl'b lf t h m e t a e:xpansj,o'n and th 82),,, Tbe most l ~ e ~ y ' ' p \ t a c e 10(' Ibe se to. (Of such a. crac b s ' t O O I n . tb~ p~ug\ooho,,['e and e.~atl se tl an ·i 'b~ po,ss~:ble to 'improve; t.h~ si'm:I," suit 1m Imaus,t 'valv.e-m im,~ wiing Do 1 8 a (- t W I smaller; ,Bdmi'tledly ' d U a l wlU leaw dI 'port 'trllt, :fltJJ can, be s u . l b s e q U J Q n t ~ y ' b l e m d e a , ut id any th
l!,t,
euct sbape
lm:portaDoe~
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il
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S f. I~ r. in gs . o f i :h " e same coefficient expansion as ·ut,e ~d d O l " D o t D .e e d . f i t t ! e d . ve tightl :' 11 to hous pel' I m c h 0':[ diametru" ' W R l ' re ta i u t lt 'e m ~ n l d l ' : I , m i . t e ' lJ " p~ovidoo ' t b ; m · t
th'E m a ti ng . u rf ae e a r very bcrtt-tlfll, of leach recess and, Of' a l ! 1 I T I m i Q d 1 U l D - b r ! ~ n r z e h ea d
m oo t
m a either : M o , n e l . · m e m l
...¥.IIoui (,o'bmina,b'~ from H e W, e l l ' . - I I ' H1 I 1 ! I I WI ~r F. I f t m ' :n m-=mrt:m ~, H,~.: J_.
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tube,
t l ,g s , : s l 1 0 1 l l 1 d J . m l w a y ; s Shrunt i m , .n e ve r p r es se d in eeld, 'wi'th the' :bitter m e t h o d there is always, risk o f ' ® c ot m ,diameter' interthe smfa,ees·~ W.i'l:h .00. ti~:f\tncea :ri:ng should just ro in east..i r : Q m . head at m a e · I U re 1 5 0 i ' - ., , l O O e I e ; , tern per8:tul~e, dlfrerencc b u .i'sad vis ble, (ibtained ,either by j i U 9 , t lu:atkt.g: th heating it ]JO 200;ilII' ., ;Bnd freezing th :2 50(1'e 'l. or . . (4 0 0 rG F ~ ) . h e a d 'ring in d r r uo =(frozel1,ca:rboIJ, d:i.·o,~de)200 '~empe:UlJ,ttue 'wi,thou~ freez;ing br,ciRlC
be obtained in d om e ,PS acC'Uta:m. '~l.Ulm.g e1'~ctdc S,tQV0!, To e a s u r e m a m d re l o r mmd re'~s)should fimt b e m ad e 'u from steel b,~r:l' th ,8 pilot which ,fi.ts 'lbe p ~ i d e 'boris ,oud IB NS1'ster il w, ic tile ,ring filts with UUle m o m ' ~ e ; r r e l r e t ' e e {b rml D 1 ' t t l recess, I( otilerwise tlle fi n . a m l ' m a ,) , b e g r W : p , p e d 'the r i l i J g ) " , U . a h t !CO!l'tlng grease ' ill r . e l ~ a w . th r i n g wwis;~ I L i t l e ;mmdr'~l~. the, [ >e g W ! ~ M w ilS pu~l,ed qUlil~kly n om e a ;n ; p[.~e:d do'\vD.f o s o m , $ seconds 1] ntll th in is A l um i n tn m . . U o · y , helds,- wi,th inserted seats have been ll!ed OD r a ! C i m , I ' I U 1 1 P D C S r :ycars and. 9l'e, 8, feature ds , a f ' m i l p o st -w a r p r o d , I J C l l i o , D , racers.. plain para!n~~ :fittitll the rimgs, ha ve been tded ,Make : fo r m j us t deso tred mu h e im e p a c a n D e v e ; C Q lm e s lo es if pr-operly j~Ued il 'tl~e
'Uus t'cmper:atur ca
high coe:fficilen fir,Slt l a: (e ; A 1 um i r d .u m al besides, .ha;vmg os a , large pooporlio,a Its :streiID,gth t. ,cxpanSioC)rD t ho ug ff i s o m e a . 1 r n o y s , ,Iuch , I l S , ~aU~, h : I D g b temperatures, and R_'IR~ ,5.3,b in 'thi :tespcet t ha n e th e ~'Ddl re in consequence : m . u c b . used, f ;a .c ~ -g rs a .a ce :c tu a. t
t~lht
th
' pI Fo b lc m ; lfth·e initial fit : is , m o t e.lI.,p.and a w a y from 'th~ rm.~·
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'1If.If~,
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Id'!'l'lidon gg~1
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o o tight under certain. else the may 'oom:pr'~ood SQ flg'btly tha!t, it e o U m . p s e s ,M,d, in either event the '-mg: \villloosen The m O i s t ,s~dlsfact,orY' seat mnmfia seem lJ l : . ' w t e m E r u c cast U O , D l fOIf' 'the : W e t land ,it w i l l , IDos~n:, Icmcumsl'a'DQe5,
fi
[Oil lbe, eKh>l'mlBl1 Y I ! w j ; t b . :md "fiC u gh 1 a b m m ,h il il l: m -b l o m e , 3 "m~,per "a)' ,0f· , co _ m t _ ~ o e to th ,~e Dl_8:tml.,~ c b o f , d i ~ m e ~ C l E i yes; p a rf e cd y , sa t is fa : c; to r y ' ~ J i p . e " r 3 t i J Q i n in y:..1lo)" lOf' 'R~R~ 5\3 h c a d 3 A u s; be n it i Gait wo a rd ea s v er y i l p . d ~ ya n ,my m l 1 c h i m i1ng,e p er a t b: 1r .u Sm u s t d.'.. 1!...... . .... : 1 . . . , ,O ,1·.\U; w=PILlUi 0'1, IO[l~ Ii,i&. S,pe~n ene Will t,lILi per~ "p~b'l verJ' is ailllcnlle to O D the 'w,ork it if d[fiic'I]llt to r ~ s: ~U ' t ' th e out, ,ICf' tJIa't reasen, , o r d i n a r Y ' an valve..s eatwng cutters, o,er~'~ed, a r u se L es s' t ' t h e onl.y sa t i s r a C J K 1 ' E Y Wtay· te ~ D r r m , le s ea t t ru e it he va ve sea:t-grillder a ; d s in th fint place r n t i b y meatu tb - . -. -
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-~I..
leaa~m" mperature r e l r - e d ~rem,o~0d heating th h e a d , as th te ,gle tb seat. l o o s e eB,ough o p out is S,O :hip, tb Ume, ben't-'l,fel,~'OOell ,o t f u £ h e a d metal a:feuted Th best m e t h o d is ' _ J O I 'tlJlill IOU~ . o ~ d e a v e y ' c a r - e f ' : 1 u U y ' 1 [ 0 1 a,void da:ma,tJim~'tbe ;~£QHS~o~r'e l s e 'W flat~nded d:riU d o w n three p'laoes a~nd break t l t H o i .ring thr'(HJ,pl~~ ,rinS li, lD'~O piooes,~ T h o p er t, s :~,a'nmus" bltiJ"wevs[~, be do,ne V,fljIfY muefulJy te avoid ' l[ LL ak in g s : ny ' euts i t O , th'e~ w a l l 0(1' t~~recess, in th· boU,omfac-e,., L o c d d a m a g e . , o \ r IthiS sort is almost bcrlllm,d ~ e a( j t o gIS 1 e a k a" I ' a m , s e v ,e ; r e d a rn m ,, ~ : ' t the liead, I,oose So,me:nmcs there seat ring: will be r f c l l . 1 : r n d ' 1 : 0 'will. [ be s o m e , ev id e nc e t h h a been Ie DSC! w : h ~ Q , he lI~ad ba be a , :[urn'ning 'te:mperatu;rc" the ,rec~s and jlll re sa:lisfac!'o(i:jF' rep;~ir' CIJJ ,s'tiU Oi herwlse in geod c on di ~~ o n e op p eJ [ " 'p la -- t m g h @ r r n g : ,g:rnd finismng the Id~pro~itetl metal. '~y u u m n g filnl; in ,8 k'th,e '~ : si z e w h i c h he ou de i ml ' e [ e re ~ u J. efit, ,A b u ' ' i L l I , g i v e h e c om e di31meter iOf' t b . * ! ring ~ h Q e l d be : t t o p p e d o:lr~:i w i r h WIa.X of' p~,ted nilJcbJ btiore p~a;wll' .0 e'm; mat~ an,:Ypassibili;ty fila 'km B~ 'UDder th a cd e o f' h e a , m s 1 d ~ th h e - ' ! ll 'ill
SUR'WHY
Should. t~e' 'pi'Q,g hole, 'be b : p p e d t\ m:tc tb old,-f~~,on~~ 1:8,m m ~ s iz e " "bleb is, ftO'W : p 1 r m , o s , t . unobtainable in I~ l1ardl~ ,0Wl fi'tted, with 1 , 4 , mimi,. adlap:~o'r aleel'e'~1us,uDy' padas, o;bmilm'b'~e &lom O D e o f th a~!o!'J' 'b,Olmes", P I ! ' r : b a , p s
' b et te _ r : p ID a : n, i I t ~ m - -e " B
,8 SOu'· im1ie!' slIDrf.ace ID'-'
'I
s 1 t e e ~ , PlUg,
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'I
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Ie pt '~hl~, below' head;~ reeess filled in 'D'y iUl. llQ~L)leDe'weldar mt S,ifbIOnze... . n u s :harmtlu~,bud lean, 0 0 d o n s: d : 1 l 1 1 . . r e d 'heat; an WllU ii it made of' iron, n e w ' p h l b !D I ! ean then 'b miUgd sijgbdy o f i - c e n t I D ' l ad at ,I dit1)mnt I'ngle to '~bc,~.irj'giJlalt t , , ge t th ' p l l L l g : SO h e c e o ; w e o f r Un ~bead nts meal" AI' J. !I"!rii:.. ~-- -- .,. ~~'ffi a s P O S S l ~ U 'e . ,_',U!e' u l R p a we ma~J!l\g,_ wmemlu!~i to be e o as ld e re d , ar e th The remumng ,compomenB cams nd il"Oek~.r5,~S,u~pp'osms 'that the'v,alvle-,(imin O~~: ha B' worked o u m ik e this,: ' ID le t e p e n 3 5 ~ ' be ~c r t ~~ :t e~ : 6 : 5 1 0 'before D " " d , ,' C O l ' closes ' 6 c r " ' a:f~.er .d .e BxbauJ't O r pe l '~lo ses,3 0 after , t r o d . ~ c ~ : th DamS DCi- such 1I 'ty,p,tO be w o ;r t ; rs 't aJ nm L t '- & t , ~ e as : '~iJ'r'tl\e 'time, b e i n g - - = - u n l ' e s 5 l tlaey re bad]:y w e o r l e x m . b ~ J t w a ' " g r . O O V ' G S , Olll 'the Banks ,if' d]IBl ' u t i d n S : is s lo w e r ( i. ,e '! 1o f :sboirt-»r d U f , a t i . c u l ) 'ha:n "t:ba'Ej. E'l.t3W aD p a r t i ~ L W l t lr l y ' dl overlap a:~,t,"d,~,c~ ,obtained. !Set ,o.f cams h o 0,1'SO
nlilil
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' t h i s , lLat:urc it l~c:Ol¥er,ed" it
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'weal' is m o r e ' th a : t1 , ' 1 . 1 0 , n " 12 t h c n 1 9 , . in di8p£b. Ithe vriB, ml(,' e v l c m . I " n e e d 'to, be rlcp?ood mo,d hud-m1ed Ulew' ll 5,' D , e w ' ,obwned and 'ImS is l()bvto1tsl~" j o b o o t d,one b, '[he·mak~rs;, :~~s e w m e c ~ { u : r u , it :U :5 o m e t l m e s : f o u n d , ,th~;t engine w h i . e _ b us b e e n 8'D1DG; 'tery w e l l l f ! e s p b e severely Qm r . o c ' l c , e - r s , . , d b ID,ff~ ;~ef~~~'" : Ir 't h
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requi:n:d 'for m:axj:m.\lm, p o , w e . r
._ ~ lT e forqc.dng m e r e 10[' iess co,ren tlt~ p r~ l ~ a ,o th ne parts w ~ b i , c h , ay reqooE.d and ~0 W'O'F~~~Obl dene, The 'methods 0(' d'omg 'tbat w O i r k form, ' t h e 5 u 1 ) J e e 'o Iu,bs:eque,nt IC,hl;ptefl~
'n
Clons~dtf.ed an moul 'b ~Ushtly Th lift : m ll ls t a b o , p e a t e r th l o n e . . . ~ q ' u a _ r ~ e oj'" r ' 'thl p , o r d J :a :m e r t e: r~ ' : MllI(r mu'ers, l , t I , p p l y ,[BernDI t a m s 'which QlR cd :m, P ,J a c e l o ' k u m r m s ' 1 0 J ' sports c a m s a n d . i: fitted utillzhig, cams, m a d ~ ' D f t e n ' p o s s U b l e to o'btaln, .b:i~sl1Cr ilts, ca,P!1,tlty .. ,~cr m ~ n c o f L s j_ : nl 1 i ~ B rn:take of ar TIL' ~~I,~.,tjm1CIm~-a.m h~ l e~ rm i ne d n o ,only by 'tb..e ca C O J :w l ou l b u . 1s o b ,Y : th B 1 0 0 f ' t b e , e am , : f o U , Q w e r "'OOIt.,lll,d wear ,o 'their surfaces w l _ _ n dec£ ' t b e ' 'ti'mimg' 'C[rnI,'te , c o l l l s ; i d G i ' ' ' ; ~ d J ] : y , " The , g r o ' o v e s w m c b G 1 ' e m J u a ' U y ' a,ppeu'in c c a m , , e o ll o rw : e , n th l'iJillilil"':fot~JtiO;I SQ,U.d: f o o t h a v e ~the , e W e e t lof' , o p e : n : i ' Q S tbe comidemllie, 'W 'lie ,e-a.r]jer I:I,Q ,eiOimlit ] m ' t _ e ! r ; t h u ] ! 6 f o , i i C ' ) !di~lmr' d;~m& Q;I " t b G ; f M 1 I·The'Q i.UC,Ie.t1£ a m J O ( f of OIl~ml!dU 1U1~,'~ oulIld .- Q~JGmWD.'= of r~ idtat : l : i f t J 1 s o d ih'_P'~j, :1 thlOiJii 111mselt : ~ s :~~ t o h e: a r e Q f I i th liJPi"w!ocit;y is ' U l e ,salIlC. BOw'~ver~, ~, 'vaiw Is O~ilib'at [d lift :m,o.g~ OD~,I.m.fte.r w i D , gi've'bf.hl!'J' 'mta] .flo\¥ m;Uo, ml'WgeI ,if' 1 f t _ ; : VW!/el b; OD th s m m W s w d e ~ ilt. D10:y' be , I D , e n g f f i J l g 'Ilt'~f th ,o~er . b J I D . d , j if' m O , ' ,arhrc 'tbiD.P .8 i e 4 1 . l 4 1 Itlie 9trDki:e m!.loi., :~Ilrt£a, .f~ds a ' D a l l h us , ' w e 8 jp r g ;. .s ~g t :~ '~l v Rr ie s p r O P C i l r . 't I _ ( ) 0 0 '& Iif~a n > C 1L, b J e ~ f o t e £'0,;.~ l!llM ( J f m _ e e ~ ] ; a n i ' c a J SmJlIUl ~' may '~,~.camty to t ' O O p 1 the ,lin bilow '0~e-quMli')1' 'lllic d . i ~ m ~ 1 e - F ' II the ,h.~ 0l!C "~ W~p~
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'C,A.RBUIl,AT.U)'tIi AN'D IND'UCT]:IO'
CARBUR,A'TIOIN'
AND'
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AT ' t h i s ; j1HllCl1U~ it is w o r t h n o 1 i: ll g l th a t I.o~. Df ftln CBn be o , b t a l n e d b y ~ , tiDg:.up;' ·8 ' s i d e - , v a l v e : cD,giDC:: there: lO y" i. 5"00 s" in : 9 0 1 .m~p~b~ Wt wn ;~:e
'mstC'n~e a t
' D ' m e or ~ a n o t b ~ r , i l F i d : . e a d e r s w i t l on g 'tb~ 18~c'mshing Uttl0 2.50 c . . i D , . . ,A t , ugme.i w b l c ' ' Ni er er ep u t~ d {Y be eble 'to [ ,e V, , I l , 8 1 , 0 0 0 The ,Si\l'~ much lighter 'than lu Q'Jt~Vli mal:imnm re¥9,~ le~.y.ll_an:~,J n d l ean be ;scmmed wi~out dll.QI,er·of' 'tmlC v a lv e s h l tt in S ;t h c p m , £ o D , or. (luling ,memones,
:u
'recollect
;i·L. ,gwer,~
jI,a,....
~J]l
,'
.,
Irrupettive 'the ~OCI;tJ(Jll o f h e o r t be . ,m.efhod o f o p cu at io m ~ t b. e prime ~ e _ ~ 8 i : ~ 10 hDv~ l t 1 l 1 e wllet 'pillage Di 'U~~bstflillatlvl o l , ! J i b l e l l ' ,A e f 1 ~ Y ' e x i t , ,for Hi p n a w , t Is a~'~ol l h I D , y d e ~ d , m . b m ~ 1 l th~oug'll ' t h i s is 1 . 8 , much ' r O ' F ' k w ! p l m l G :
' tW s ' va l ve ; e e o There
' fo r a i, di n p o 'w . e ,mam factors It 'b comidere.d in 1 ' 1 1 8 inlet 't:r-a.ct: (,I) ttl Sim, of [ b ' e : "alive j: (b ' O t ' C ! : sn a ,' , . ' an length of 'fh,eport; ,and I ( C ) I th size of fits IQtUib1Bl~tt0F.~, T , c ' 80m,-' ",'I... u': iL, '~~D Ii. w~ are ~ e ( "a (1 U O iW _ ee, .I.~,OI CAumple'I' i' ,..,-ins ,8 very' 1larpbore car'bl:re~ter if dl. r - e s ; 1 (l,f 'tile; , b l , h l J I Q U D m ,aystlom is 1 m B d e . q u . f j · k ; ~ u c h . , a . m , ,iru:mun~:~ ,live, ntt~ , D n o Icxtra. 'pOWIf , a n d l will cartainl,y ~pa r i t h e ,1!~e~t'J':a.tiom" Im,pr()"ring 'thc: b r ~ f I ,t h ' r n m l ' capam:'~y'or th .,·L, • ~ l lJ l 1 Cr - e as J J lJ g 'w ~ ~ v e , .. Q 1 1 . " 1 ~ W I :w O U i 'I ; 000. '. S!IZe w I D , ) ..,...
., ..
I~.~, e t he l ~ ~ a nl d, , ~pT"OYle: the pg,wc:t a1l: wgli , r e - V , I i ' " wmtbout ,aifectbJg. tile l,ow , S i p c e . , . £Dd .mucb; 'but" of , c . O U f I e ' wh.ol,e ,ind,~~ti,o'n the i4al, aD,aDgem.ernt ~)l,9ite~ ~a~Ii' th c . a . r 1 i J i n g ,out, [9, priDriple OBce aptly
d'esenlbed .
~
:_ AN
:head ' W D J
III!,
plDportiona ,tl1l~" ,
I
C'"C~, e1'i!~c Wlltb. ~QD.V~tio'Dal IClSt.. ,ft'f!; ,n~ ' I ' . ' - : ' m " , '~~~IB'n_ :b ,1I''-'II go 0,.;ro~,.'Il'~I.'I~·'_ vJl._ 1~DllUU,~~~ I~~
t 1 l J . el a t~ e r ' ; ~ ,a O U ' _ ' t il . s m a U l e s t Mm ' W l i i C h iD give, ,anytbi l it ; S p o d l :results.l progr"€:ss is m a d e ) l:USe:r s W . s , ,ca~' be ttied,~, t lJ , e e m m e n ce m e n t it 'm wm o, ig 'a choke,. aD ' th e ' f o :U o \ v t n g f 'f J ; l' Ig c s , . . Eeco~en~'~d,,: 'iZi l"iII"Ii!Pl'l I mr'"l~ in.: 5 00 1 C ' C ' 'twin o._·',h,V~~ ,;:on !I .} ·u ~· ,,;;;· oft 'b 0l'il'
'ID ,Jtl...!...;J
o . v"
L",,'NIi Ii ';in a.uill UUIIIIIIW JlI
FAceRS
'iIr.' U ; ~ ~ I
!1Ii..I I i i f M i i l il
25() "l
'ft
C,Ci'
riJI
_ I
'I~,
hl,~' 3,510 e.e, o.h,v., 5 ,? , o . h , v., 35
IlL
CJJrO
S~l';;,t
11
_ ,! n, .~ .I D , •
Ul'-ir
~. ;, s,!,v!i~
is seareelj po~sible't :~4Y' down ny D l I B Y fae alii re ' i n . v , o l v e d ' l . '~1Ut, tJle. w'ruc~h ar g iv e all, i de a o f 'tile '~D,atsi~
' _ . . A l S , ' ~ O 'valve s~m:l' it
nd i"~no,wtnB t ab l hard
adyi!UJ:bt:
e ~ c ~ 1 i1.
..cl(r
The C S l p lu :: it i
an
r e fe r
,3,;)1)
'm.,.;
'Iwe 9 :W .
lt
" u) 'l ; t o , t he l e nG in e a s
:1
i'n~;,
C:>OJG.,. .A~~
~d.'.....
.C"'~ _,
'iDu!tViI uai 1c;,w.wueI8
wO;o.!e.,,A'~'best",ho~e:fer~ these
~ ~ a w ~ e o d l e . r , .f~t~~ ' f f i g u r e s can 1 ; e : , ~ o u l ~ b ,p i d e b e s id a , ,til, 'cy]jnde' capaCity e m l e r lErto Ut mat:teT; the· I~ype0( , p c r F o r m . a m , c e . (Le, dU~j :su'pe ,of' 'tn.c.. po~er u . ~ e l rrequired~1 Itbe v,I~',e 't~mim.& ,oom P f e S S W DO ,.ran()I 9. d.esl,g~ ICM'b1!l r e t t e r ::lud t h n ll tu ,J S ' to the 1 C ; I , _ ( } J 3 : m s't. sJs~em :a til'. fa,t,e; 't~~ Generally' speekln e X e i F. ,c is el I e f fe c t cD,line is cap\lb'~e o, ' F , j ! ' v 1 o l Y ' i I 1 8 i judle~: , fr or B p u r e ly ~&ftiC81 !i. u s e e . ' th e a rg ~ r h e c ho k e w h : ~ c h ' ~ even't,~al~,y d, mo mClltMlfl. m~,J be :I goad d e a J . .o 81. is li'tJtaim~,; this '~i'ml"" of required' b . r Or F the d e v e l o p m e i l ' ~ ~mO$'E. ~neviitabl,y l~.a:d,s '~O'8. ty-. ~~8n1u.~ 'yimm whilst it dey~lo(ps; very h 1 . ; h 'power at ~"
w.um_at~
v~rt~)d~y' e'~ess b e J o l w eertaln ml]'nrtmllm s p e e d l and ];D , [ L L S e ~ ,nrii'coo.~~ti(ln to ' W i '~ , , ' V - c . ; ? ( i · a . r ' ratios and dnv,en wl'lh pel' s k i l l l J ~ , ,CIder fully ',ooon to k e e p :i,1 alWll"S p u W l 1 g , a v . i t' S m 'r u m ; ~m1lm1, s p~ ~ S ,~ cb .
.IDs
CQDBequen.oe
:0,.
pO'wel'
,t
~tsb~st on
'w s h o l w '
m f i Y be eq~ane4
e " e ~ ,onWlRIM:d. p f Y W e r but w i t L h gr~iI:tertorque m.edlUD1 $pteds~ n,
m. mDm ,t lo ~~'mers Dr 'W. vebi,cle c I D ,o s @ ·et ,o g e a r ratios
Ilota.ble
le~(Hll~Dts,
of
l,aQ~I
call1J)]Dt
Hp
01'6
'7
a, f a s _ " cm'cl~jl,~t: b U l l
~Ith ~ ~ s ~
'P.g]lI~l:p;t,.we~' C O W M : ' . w , l t h many W :h 2~ ;
'very
'Thc a l a ' ue inductIon, $Y!ije:ms~;the ed
'IUR, ,NO ."
'.P:~I:D
·C,ARIUI..A TI'OIN ,ANDI I " M : D 1 L T C ' r ~ , O N PA,CI'Olt,S
,2'~Gum ha c 'b .o k . a D d , thBfsforQ~,,\
0 , 3 12 ~mm, ctia.met=r~ lo j'1tiIst O¥M' :1iar8ef 'tBU, t h ; a , t DID!rm_all, fiued -:ii' "'''''inn~'" ~I'" ,..;0;;, AI lL~ .. 10.)0,., x'!tOftODS: tw;L.:, D'Ole ~ s I c o n !l:.u " I i u : u e d ' g a ' t b l r o u , g h th m , o n g : 'mduc:tioin pips W ! 1d n po IIiiJG same throat of'fbe v ,a J v '6 ,. T h e 5 .0 0 ,C,IC~ tt;O, th virLliaUy : t w , o 2'0 :sml~eB,~ has le'en, b e e n mue" whieh, ,I""=-~II;"!,!,"@IL!L
'Ilii
..
,,'t~_".. .r
1i
;~
tw'm.
used w i t h ] , 5 : m m ~ c h o k e s nd tlte ~ a m e sh is used 1 0 1 1 th r~u:r-C!ffindcr Glil.em in. w'bleb o n e , cHbtl1eU'er f e e d s i ;8 pair G " C ~ ,A l o f , c) ,H n d , e .r s , ,o \ ' i h f c b l e a c h is eourse OimJy
t'hat,ume '(be' , f u ,' O O s : t JEhl,g'll;isb, th g l c :n e t e 'dul~el ~ ~ m e a , ;
' w < l o . r k s I~ m a c h i n e s ha ' r t . \ V m A .J "S , h ;a d one,
,i
with, ' 1 s : r g e r m v e - s o o rb ,u et te r I lm r '~ , 1:0, th m e a n t f m e 'B"era~jobs, ICia dJo,ne to im,pro,ve tb 1 b r a L t W i D g t L J J i l i~ y " As th '"alve is O,pe'fl.tin.g only p,u.tldly l o p e n fOf' m . u c l l l , lo th ti:m,~, m y dl im ;g ' w h ic h w i e a 'the.' p a a g o , g a a ' 'pot 'the m,ghly' and one. : 8 1 W P I i t ' O w ! u d . 1 i , :5£9 a t o 'w ' Iifu, [IDefici 'thiSI "iI "0 reduce 'the Kilt w i d , t l l f r l o m th \. :in,.. iy c8!f~ftl~~Y ,rad i,using the corners 'r me dlorWD, , th e v a :~ v e, a l th soot :and 'the [O'P edge, nd perf o r m i D g 9 : i : m ' ~ l a . r O'~F2Jr iOD,
'the
13,0)'£'
ii, i~~
carbmel1ie'r feeding each Oi i ' m , 25 C,.IC\, c y ' I iI l d e :r . w,hUst V;e;foce~;~c:sIllse~.- 14 i. t~9 w o : k s I' 5 l Q O c , . c : o ' ~ t o ' t 1 S ~I
c~ot:es,
The f o re ,g o m , g d a t a terer to e~ginc:.'i;buiU t 1 " ~ r ' c a
e e 'til'eD ell,gine s p e e d 5'O-S,~" ~\I:rLicw]l'dy' in s i n g A e - e y l l i l d e r ' types~ an
v e J ' ,gone
'f! CR
chokes of' lIn" d ia m ~ , h& ~ ) t b ee n u se d quUe u r b e r 10" SO It,C. e m . m u ! l ,runmllg in ~ C ~ J J S 7 ; t O O O r . p . . ., lms~, thoug'b maiLer il r l e J a ; f j aD J) 'tb,·· Bven r e y l i D C h u ' ca.pacit tha ti Italian eumpl0S. f i D . J 1 l B · : ,8, ,Ia~ s p l 1 e cQ,nsiderably o . F ' t h a ' ~ t ho s s,tat«ll some til u r t o r i U e s .'tOI 0 0 ~ . 'the O~ 'tffi~aJ o,p'uID~m~tllis 5 0 m e w l ' a L a r t p U l z ~ i d i r n ' , G parade\!: be~lJ,~ bil,bly caused by th l i t o t , C $ a i d loptimum ' m ti lt J} ," '1 cy I in d: e b a~ B ~ ce m " d e 'D e rm im ~ d in m a ni fo ld -t yp e an : m m i n : t a i n e d CD,guI,es: w h i c h th rue~ to 'b e fb f r tm ,c hl n · ~ I C : J H n d 0 f $ to obtain e'qual in ttlliAi" s ta t ~ tr i b u o m ~ ,w b e r ( ) 3 . S m o , ' t o l C y c l e engmllel' ' ( b e bulk ,o B 'O t a,cmaUy va.porized be ue until m i n e r "t e n e e t be , this 'process takes l r u i l l . a dv la D a g o f th b ,o t i ~M d e ! ii' J e m : t heat 01 evapor.at;:oD ,f th f u e l tO coo] th cnuge m t b J m th cyUm.c1lerand SO resuJts in ;8 g r ea ~ e ' w l fd g b c , b . a r l g e ' b ei m g i nd u ce d , P 'o r later i n f o r m m . ~ i o n seepage 2 4 6 . .
OPI:N~CI ou nAT
Ai 'EDG,E
igh'6t'
,I
Wl
:bI", P O , f t '
,'
o ~ c .D : g W e e e n fo rm s m l s ' J o :m a . b l weill I t b l e . 5tmld1:Fd~s ,so [al' g o D d eg'Ddi'liIQU it. maY' be: wel to is eav h : m , g s a s ' l h e . y a r - a r the ' t m r n e 'hein,g' and t 1 t p e r i m e J r l , t
'1,8
'I f' the ICI1't is Vlry cbrul.,pa b ~ e v a J :v e .
is w ' h e D Inter'Wid~. IS, i' f r e q u used,pi~ is also o~sibls; o pe n G ' u t ' L h e ~'fL:. w:hio'b :provi'de;s port ~y p C l f f i l aps u s . e r i J J I mOfWlS(!) : ~ O t 9 J a re s T he , c rJ o o o m B h o~ , tOI ''lL~ea cUlth~.r'~imUar' to el u d e d Mgh} ve-sea cUltter'll bu't, ' W i . t an 4-.5;Q,~ bu ' t h e . ,johl ca 'be d.ane b, I c a : r e f u J 'wmrk with ' H l e l and SCf,S-
,~
Fowd !lEJJ8 , t valve edl9 hold tJlle stem 'i ' t i n e ,chuck l o lathe; 1 0 1 . drill~. r-emove 'tile bult the. m e t r u ] ] with rlRKJolh a n f im :s b fF wj th l e m e r y , (' Jo t h S h o ul d . Itbe very h R d ~ y 'p'oe~reted .nell yo'u va hve--se8' in th :het1,d d . l 6 C i d c e o fi o n. e: n p o s i 'b J e '£ utilize ve FOIl
e ng i 0" the SWIIJC 1 0 D£ ' o m a la rg e praetiee to BD!l.ploly me sa:me sm
akC 'lIa s ]'t is 8. frequent dem through,out th ,of' sports l e n g m l l e B i ,31R:
, ra . l' J l altlem.aDvely, flloimg editions , iI !" ~ ~ " . .. .. .. l.l "",,!...L ' d" ;II onen 0 : 8 e o : ~ :t ne s e :Ul.!~.g, l Y : : . , : w ~ a . _ , g m : ' V~Ll~~ emv, a ye '
ICOWt!,
,_
···,··._
'The s 'b a p e o f ' { b e' i D le ~ ,v a ). v u nd e r t h ' he a d is f' more :imIpo.rtan~ Ilium is il'lftea ,fw~m.d. and depends; upon the t h f a 's ]. rl ol l 'to hav,e II comIblp£ of ,pon" It used ta 19
'IO:N'N'
:f'OIR IPII'D
! > . i, tt l ig l tJ ; t p o r t -= - = ' l 9 \ h a p e 'wmel1. dd1ieds 'the las parati'v;el., :h 6l o w . pu ~ ' th e v a ]: v s;mm mt·o·1ilei e gi c e ar ee t h e , e x h a . u 5 1 , t ·v.al:~~amd, in ' t b l 1 S , I~e ' th e v a lv e , h.Md m u s b e , fa ir l, Y lal jlo~ed to t o o ' ~Emwttb I, smAI .tIl!di.IUS,ji 80 DDde 3:tll 3S o · plem'~Y f' ro Dm ( ' O r . ' th g a
operaii·-.. 'regloml T~s port :;hll.~ee !ike~e.bb e l l o w - . . . . . . b, because the area (8 is ~~latruvel" ~U),~ e : a : ~ G the..best, p~'rt tb~:S!CUl ei e ha ng ei n m ro o ·the m l e f l e e b v e · ,owulg wh ps :d ' C D t m p e U e d tO take, :lU1Q partly 'because mum , o f ' 'tile. , eh a ;r -g e co m i nl . i n ~~ ll is liable to f O ; S R s~'[,alghtacross IBid o u ~ 'I lr ou gb . 'the ~till"'Qpe.n e , x · h a . ' U s : t v a lv e , p a -r ti c tl !~ a 'l y h i g n l ' (I:tra.cUve elha us sl' t·em hi. in 1 U B C ~
, L t , ~ d t O f i ' O ~ , 7 1 J ,'flll~~ ~tll
,it~
~JIJJ'
~1pe ~'fItl ti i R A t i {Wl't a r e d e , p t; r, :t e , I n '
, t 1 J . I . ~ ' sk - u : i ; , . NDt\~
t~'i ~~ r th ' f rr es / ~lla~g6 ltit:dJ' .70 /fo'w' "Nlll 1 1 1 1 1 ,X'... J l fl tM I ' p O T I ~
,..he shape: ,shown bi the l S O O o n d ~dlie;~cb~u, used iJil d:... te ' 1 u 1 0 casual leye.~ ieJl,;tnei-ma:y o t J ] ' ~SOW bu is, ill, flict l~u!t~tT'beesuse alm·os'l, tll1l3 w h ,o ~ e , o ' dn :e ·seat c io o u m di er en c. = ' i s b ro t m gb : t into .-Ieetive l\lse~ Thi~ Uh'. s.e:mi-·uu1i.p v a ] : v e 'tb,g pDn w , o , : t . s bi;it ,oonj1JDctio.n, sbape (l,r whie)] "has,t he elee~ o: l.rinG th.e gal, ' £ o w u d s t'be ' I : o w t r s:id1e '[ till: S9,ltin,g', . : 8 o m e ofUl'= fresh ''b:Hlt· 'i 'tho d m ' O O t e . d . I'Wily from ' O l e · eXfu8U$1 v.llv:e D e s s 'wiU 'e!{!..I;pei ,aDd, it: 'will ]l,lc·t up 'las ·h.eat {ro,m that b o : t " , , ' D e a d G a (0,01.'PtlEl,mt. ICo.nve:rsc~y rtfI,~ 'I s.. 'er is in c t i . n e d . :b.oUe·[ila h' ",'IL L.... ",,~."::'!11 \V.attbed. peltJiom-be:nlzol llDi.9l.E[1l. W,_'_~eIllWW wv ml~~OfIS " b U l , t is 10f'less, consequence with ,al,c.olfilJoir u e ~ ~ ,oss[ble: to : i m P I @ V - e the B , l l1 ! mg , up' in 'Yll1:~eS]lie~ third sketch 'b)i' do,tled, o r a s 'i:nd'loated sna,pe mOuem
20
addition. ' t o i l lc r e a s in g d I e va ve·area, but i' D U t y _ b e better. to lu'v,; this, op~ l'a;tiorn. Ilntill ,I, l at e s ~ ag e ~t h u s 'beml 8 1 1 1 - ' to p'llil somet:1tmg, 'OIUt of · · h e 'ba,i which O I U 1 U ! ; I S ·m:ll.:fn'o~; ~u5"pect" rl a n c ~ ,e , the vlll.ve g u id e m u s be S I C I t!ea'~,td,~B to O,f[lef th m i i 1 l ! m,urn bstrL1ctio~, 'w USlt:lll~ meth,o ' b W D i l h e p o ~ , T h i s 'Q i m .e f im e s 'lC eu it o f [ f t, u, sh . with i l O D reduces, (b- gu~,d-i ' le ng t r .a :m e r ' t' 0 I d r .8 s tr n c a n y ;; , eqlu.d" ,obtai-ned f~uimin g o o d ruUlU Illm gu~dJe' IO to ,kId'!! edse o n i - , e o t = r i A I side and, 11::iul ou 'the SbMpl om b e w e th i l u ,e lo l th .guide c' a n p o· r in, w a l l thiCkDl~~H, dCWlO so 01 $= lid,es,~ 'When '~Ilpr'iwe't ' V a h 1 e :i'f;, 1 ' l t e : 1 _ 'r s o ~ d m e s l e v - s o in ' s : t a t 1 d a l ~ C 1 heads, certa1n,amo11llt,of'mukinl ,m'wfmptlom, '~ s'l1:oo'th low m;IY exlst in h e a re a U10ttilUl f be . l ow e r oop e,f '~he' ' va lv e w : h il l. c' h prevlemt tW l;fe8\ b e L n rul,· e'ljective
lliDos.)
l i. .
:5
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C U RV E
D Hi LE C T
CH",~GliE
iE'lil:L¥~tv£
IISlNlL,.AJ&G
: iY l
so
TM F t O ' A T
TO
I rA I: G C J l V ," lV !
Belli' 1fj~'JI(Jw etlt~ 'e,l~fJ}IOV.fid fJ'V >MJarglri, di~mtt;' ,~Mc1' I~ .,J'l:' d',6Iggu Mb6~ T'.~_diJl;tBd l i ' \ t e 3 . iluJlcale 'ti)lioert' m ~ BfUlrtW be ,remtJ}'~d'Jl
,21,
,C·,A
G~ /ltJrw im,NJ'W1R
m1J_J!
,b,
be
fJ iflt~ h l ! : l ~ d ' Id ,~jin.r &tJr:,,1 ul/JUilWlllJ tl~t ( I J i e ' l q'ftj:eJ'
GA
f"ffflCU~A'~ i!.
LOW
VA~V[
Q,
FIi,OW
Itde- _'d " 'fi1]e I' 'P'o.,.·
/J;.
LIft
m e t a l from 'lbe head nd in :SQ'mc iQ8,t~nces, th~ : m a M g ledS~: f' ' t h e : ey6nder 'ba;r:R[ a19:o,j a n . ,e D 0 P ! U i]]lpe ,ud [S,11l,?o'th ' O J , P I t h C l 'sur".' that, la oomiD,g: ,PEtS, 'lblG: scat, r s , C i i a l J l y 10 , t h = valve is ,FD.tly pided, :trillO the cyllnd,et, in&~gadof ~ p l D , ~ 1 a,pin!t uegU1lAr s l lr f a o o ; , o r O D e w.mch 'i to ImOSI, to, 'thl vat'll '~:O ,permi~, -asy lentry';; :Far d t , e . s ; ~ po~t,ud bead~m.'~~,~ o .f !e m
p ( ls !S i ble, to l e t ] t, Iway
it'lllliRU j fi , . ': ' J'O'~.J' ·l.I1'~~~OD~,.,
,mea ~~I
Of
1IIi'i'lif'l
aif"V
NDUC'fl O t N ' : l t A .
f t m d b i e shaft ICD,tlCi:" e m ,e r c lo U l 0" better' strip stffi1l~ ' lQ f " ~ 1 1 I L ;~lbt.l'Sl,',~, ]S ~ i l l i : p . , p e d , into tbre s~ot nd wrapped ro th rod " D ' p to abo,~t 'in, diameter. 'The h e 'P'O,," b e fo r e , th e w O u D d - u , p tape m u s t be i n e r e d D l ,power ~s turned an a:aer w h ic h ~ ~ O y m g ' end ,~o ~e _ " t a p e r ' 0 1 ] ( I ' b _ " ' p o t i s h e s , ~ h a ' p at r. t v 1 e r y rapidly,,, l~o,r final 'po.Jishil[lg~ ~I _..:aI,~__ ",_1 d' "".L 'Ol,~a.ry' ~.elJs 'moils:t,eDeW,~'L.u; USie re meuu POWIJIIJI!!' OF oot~OD m ~ ~ e r : Lal , O l 1 !H 1 d , 'F'0111lld'the slc,Ue ba 'Th~1! is ,ab~,olutely s o m e ' CODtr,~,.'J\SISy r , e B m l ' r ~ : i n l 'f1U!~ v , a . l u , e of 'a iitdsh, mirfor ...i ke 'surface:, 'bu,11iter-e !, DHll d o u b t that of tilnD,1l a n d , at ,~~EHU. aoueee t t J i u s 'Da'tur'fl lcamfl howeY-Oft' J\~,(JfMiSi 'O grea,t,er ,of' mvy " t o c h a n c e impor.tance· tbao m e p cd i h ;
;Slft!lPjOg 1 ~ / 1 6 m ; «lllig CAU~ES L'OeA CBS1~I(JCT~OW
OR A . f l O t N
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desui'bed ~D:r' b",v'lI l m le l p o r ts , ,iIl,P'plies :sid~'iaIDve '~YIl'e5~ Exeep~ im w o t e eases w hm ~ h e ~ 'o r hs b a e D purposel, e l e , v l L t e d , in ,or.der to , c l e a j ' ; i 1 I I , n ~ e ,o',er II rl~aJ'''' 'mo1mled el~ctt-iea lmN)Sl s, V',~ ports o a , v e :m'~jonlb~,y els, e u v e ndt, so .fa'l" 'tile Ilppr.ctlc (b ga~ ~- Ui llDd~nide ,o It'liJ~' \ ta t v i s e oa ee rn e m a J b e' a s good o r b e tt e 'tbM the ,a,Y0f,1,p Q,!i1.. typ~'. ,Haltiisb 'Yal\ll~ sh pe th same rule I\'pply:
equa.u, ' W l e . U 't
Ji--
ab irom leClric m o , ~ o r i D , v a 1 u i l ! b ' ~ e J but, tJ]lllame eliect 100. ' b , (f o du e cc 1 m,'lb "Il,ritlllem'tt or 'beil;t, Iles'i ' D e B t to shape; tfte hat1:o,g ' £ . 0 Ordinary round :m w , a l e , ' ; : 'Ifter redness and, n-b.lldGIled ' 1 0 " plopS DOit tIllJs ~ U D a o . t '~e: Itt.~Vc;rJ hard md brIttle, bUlt k l i o c k , o o about, 'tbB '_lb, :nmta.m, k,een, , f o r '10:0,1time. 's,mD' t i H J ¥,ah~le From t b ! e ' 'OOfbUfettCI' f f a . . n g e face guide' ' b o s t h e r IhofUld be~ ,gradluaJ m p e r ill] ' f L h e , p o r t e D ; ~ r e l y free f r o m rid,ps ,o ' h o : l 1 i D W S . , a : m d . a f l 1 £ r ' the W : 0 0 1 . l : p O i r l by been ' D r , o u g l n t . Q I satis[~tor:.f s ' b J . ~ it mus,t ' b e l polished 'with r o u g lJ , a n d . , em I l Y c lo d ) to d i e a d , I,mo a l b , c i U ih . ' PO I ' rODlP, , p o . . .p o m : m m l . O D I e , o the hanwest, ' 1 , 0 0 , 1 3 is ,8, piece of 5tee ra Islatted ,acrOI!, '. d ia m e te r w i t il h a c ' k . . :for a l O O U i l t in~in : f r o : m , ' t h e l endli 1 1 d s [ , a d , : m ' J i e ! l l d " in '61'1
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'DlldeF.head, p r o :I Dl e b u a , ·oombh~Ml , 3 ; . :8eoD~tuiliip. ,o v~~ve gi,res
mdl
eD,t ,off b e sbortened. s,.l1ittle GJ ev "3. 've: g g d " c a Dirt wttlt,out d;e-t:.rinteo·t.b ut ' t h e , ,tutIllmuJ,' tO Suah with th do d1 d i largel on 'dlls l1 .a p c ~ I ! w m e ] ] , this m ~ l Y be bet el hl v e £ D e gtl~d]_e. fairl,y liang nd : s ~ , it ~y 'tll~g ' 0 1 " to "elY' 'Ibin secd o 1 l l rI.'~ 'the llPpet H . d : . . Certain V'..,wm. enl10m w e r e , b'llil:t mtJi le i l ' l m c t ])otm olider ~o emp,loy :8 p ~ : I . i D 'T-s:baped. :lyinl, h-o,riZ'Q:ua]Jy' i n d u l C U I { ) D 'm_a'mtold" bl1:i an iDcideatal : a dv :a n '. la . p , sm n et d is th reductio the' angle of 'belld in the port. i'tself~, fironl iCJ'llinder of sueh m e te r m o u nt e on sm8~-cyliDldm !cflr'buretter armllgoo, te er,uU:~~se and e q u i p p e d with w'or~k~.~2 5 ~ ' U,P\Wlld. i n c U n a U Q , m , OliefS in'teresdng 'pos:$: i'bl1i.' ti~:"' is o b f t , o ' u : s , Ultit af~er' p 3 l , ' s ~ , m g [tIle 'valve 'the l e ·h a lf . b a I\eae'b, dir'ection ' b e f o x ' e it to ' O O d e . ;T , IO I , an lC r W c r c h . m m , l , £ h e c lV t io c i e r a , n d . 'tWSi pbml 'the r . ~ , c t 'ma:t ,0 ~poflibly o n e l " , 1 1 r~Df f h C l val~e o p e : m m , g , is partially mu'ked,by 'tile jmpair he wa bOUDd I' {he' Dfea:t11LDIIl c:fut!!lll\8S d),recti 011 CBIlllJD,t 'b :g,'I{ID"ided bu th Gffe~t ,o the' reduced by clenring m , w I , Y the r e b u t ' m a s t - f r o g CD 'Mtb port,iiigrindu elrnmiINl!,~g 1;5 f:'.,' as :posslb'le a~
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I n d 1 e ta c h a :b l e. -. b ea d e n ,I i De s , ,cac-elmut be en to se le 'mner ed(p ,o 'Ii~,-_ ,-t me(l p m " e rl widl 'the that :e mterio:r' of th bead.. .I 'ma;' Isdftlable 'tJ@1 ,cut o m sol s 'h & d i id u m b rl u m O i r ' ' O D P p e . r . ! ' , which ,fits, th h e 4 'l .d s t u d a c c lJ 1 f at d y a a 'blm .p to, Ule c o r r e c t ,int e r ' l 1 a l c o o n a f e r D a i rn g ' to , fh head. ~Ol fiurtb,Ci' to e d e e h e v a c ~ bca,d As Il_llid round gift: d ia m e . m r U f .I d . ' th e S U l t . w i i J ' t h , is o n 1 i J pmVi.IDUSly' described.. O : b , th~,Icdg e1 of s e a t and. · v w . V e t O g . - ehes:twaJ l it is :rm:-e ly of the .I1l"'oximi.ty accomt :m1!lchuse 't !lttem'pt 'to 'EJ~~ ' ~ M B e r ' valve" a ] t h c m ; g b . it m a y ' b e p o sa n~ ~ e ' t do s o I f :' t ~ b e r- e.s a m ~ p ' ~ ~f,OIDm vaUDbl~ !UDiIlndJ
'*~~, ll
o' lll~mmAnj:yely' 'fhef!~' is, B u J ! - r u . e j e n t m e g ~ , i n t be . low fO'1 'the: n e c c s ; J a Q ' grimw n,l~aw a , l,o'w . - e s t , I id e .- v a lv e e n gi ne s ha ve ,u'slow ti miniS V:ldve Uttslj; with th ~imWil1tiO '0 Ihlin.1 good low;,.speed p & r o rm an c a n j.a keepm.g:w'".'tb r t h i s .idM am f it te d w U : s.mal~... ue indued e a l t witth)~ hl'l~gtr ' a . o m trac an ttinUlll; le JHlm! still to c ad J um l le 1 " e a n 'be:used, 1,~ltbougm ls no p.c9)s·b~e t o ' , e , o up t, ,quHe th me as ;DD o,.lL'''~ 'w lU GOmmcnce:mellt" us 'the m c x ~ s Jz e l D w e lJ t ha t r ee o m m e a d e d fo a A o . e ng i n I n th c a p a c i It c b e k e scale 011 ,,.1£ Natul,aU:y th Inle Ilc,rt mus,t, ' b e , incRa5ed lD djam~teE ~! ,milch with t h m ~ , 'p r ", " b o \ f ca bU te1"t'er'. ne of the dlmc:Wlt ~esassooated, hh th 'obt81.~nms 101f' ,g 0 0 b re a th in g .i J d e- v v e e ng in e o n tile de amPle l,a~'i1"o,w M U L S :B 1,f\Oivldm alll'ou.nd th 'va.lve he-ad, poujbl:e b e o o m c : :m ; l tu : : h . t o o ,kg,w the ' C fJ , m , p r , e s s i c ' D r a t i : 1 J 1 ' n D '£ d e v e l o , m ~ m J t w o v , a l , ~ ~ m;ing: only PU W. t o tega:rd .m.odi6~:ti,QM ca al O' be carrie out 'would 'the h~d'
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that p o rt io D o f tn,e 'valve, o p e r u n , ! l : :furtbes:t f[~~),mth CJlm~d~:t be i v ly useless I~[l'ywa,y~, and to re-design the combustion c h a m b e r 'with th spac 'immediately abov tb
JJe~~ ; ~ J : V I e ;machined : p , I ,f , a U e '[0r a m : U . 8 on[, sUg'htly greater iJiBn, '[Be lar,les'~, bde:t valve 'that CliD be 'tv{lrken in.. ' m . . gIDi~[er-'than The de,p~b of'this pocket should, be about the m'mmu'm, val~e H f ~ 1 lInd th am contour m o d w , e d '~Ol s'l&m valve 'Up to f b ~ ~lift as rap.r~dK~y pos~~ble a n d , hold ~'ift I. c o n si d er ab l p e rl iD d ~ it ~t Tb 'p 0 1 ~kely t o 0 0 m o s 8B'eeti ve ,in,thi 'mstaD'V0 'would, lO Ut HaUiS.!l typ~, IS : s b o , w n t h e , , w a r g f, a J , ' 0 1 1 1 pa.,p 2 5 ~ , mr1eetin:gtbe ,gas, stream main'lyim t h e d l re c ti o n 'Df the.,eflecti~e j o~ " " " .t"DrllJ.l,~n
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The ,wdiUUS,t v,a,lvle: nd p ' c n ~ t s,'tilll i[iC]llUin to ., d e a ] } c wi:thJI J !J ow d b e a pp re ci a e d that (be' ps~fto'w con dj'ti ens a r e q iU ~ ~ ed l f t !~ r e n l t f r o m t he s , c; Ds l~ io 8 in 'the Inlet, 1tlli~: latt,er', th~ !f ,0p l o ac he s f r tb ba.ct va::"jl ,and, t'llle p ' r e s s l l ! l J 1 e ~ d i : r a r e n c e b e tw , cc l p io n and C1'~'indcr ii (:01" ' O t t ' (1 ha c:rd'cI if 8'1.. i n , . only an
r I l J U I 'th,~'s, at a, ' 1 J f ' J x t n J ' t i t H ' v a 1 t 1 e ~ , ,and mUI'1 mu t h e ! i D d . ~ c t i , o ( m , strok,e" exhaust 'Ym,~e'j bOW'e1ref-, th [b m o , m e m Wid], i'~, ,t o p n i hlgh, l 7 l r - e s s u ' ! ' e - - = 70 S ' 1 , . , tin.;IDd 'w ' w o i t l n g r O J u n d le p e n 1 P i ' u ~ ' r y 'the h0.ld~ o o a . 4 y ' to Ie$CiI:pe lia,t m O l m e l l t , tbe "a ve be,gins to 1 : : . . Tbu~lw:bl;mvl~~tl" hm po a pe . the 'w 0 , 1 : ,of' th Itircum,rcr,enc~ '0'" th vall,ve, is, IO'[lemtwv~ .Ed] S O D I O of the , ga s c a es,ea'pe s~raigb d.own a s ,~:s obstructed '~Y' th valv 'da port; o l 1 l , r 1 t t a H o f st~m and ,gujd~~,; ()'D,sec),uell,tly C a be p e m i e d o, S:PBC'C wl,tbout detrffi~m;t., occur" qlUJ~ m i ;s t~ u : to carve, awaY' th 't is; S ~ ] ; w d f :a .nd b o s s l C ' o m , ' " ' ,
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d JI na ,' [ r ed uc e t hi s cleel, 'yery IClQ,n'si,d1 er,a blYt, im faet th o n J ! y 'COUIrSe 'Dpaa, ill, some t l i ~ l l n u 'WlmfC . fo r ~ h e 5' ;IJ~e eo:m:pIJcta.t:S8 p o r t h a t s , ,wposely b e e m , _ ~ e p , t L~,.. ...ii~~, -','O'JilI )0' P'OI,I~ 'a,pl 't~Jiet.UJi."'~ _'Dp etiJ!' 'e m l d-·' . ,oillns muen mO~ll~iCrl o f m e ta l b ~ ~ t w , e e ; ! ! ld1~pOf1[ aei!blbolttiQg pocbg, UIS, : s u c b a s rook:Qr:~balesil spriD,.bo:xes 'the :W,CIM ~ o , m e d . m H ' prmmded. ',,0 IBceom'm,odate ,coD ' y , w v e :sprJnp~ sb'Otdd i i Ii i iW . ' il l - , = " < A IWAl'ii:CI'~l!I
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ibl.t, tlu~fe,is ,Qi;lDp!te mell] 'preSell.'t:, D ! O ! £ h i o r g mo I:JUlO~j (10'1' ~ p e : m 3 i , ¥ e i ) than to 6 Ji d t l c J p o r breokiillg throop ' i J l l J : £ 0 p 1 l ' a c l : w'b,re i:t : s b , o w d D'ort do s o " p i ,m r t ic u b tr l juS'~:0: tile t; ik,.d. - Ib ~· , '" _ 1 ~ ' ) i D :'M~Bn ,Ai.'I... te:_.u ] 01 · U~=!i' ueDuS ne:uml l o o m p l c.',~iU"11il 'I~NiD
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(RJ.lh/'). detJ,l,pktlW;l~J)orrl ""rm,ge:mJ!nl ,dtol~l:ngrl.I ,. , c -o ~r :I :m n w l: t& , Mdt ,riA!;' WI1It ~'I'(:).tted tlJ~'~l'\~' ,u~. IN¥},$!SfJ';(fd 11 -,fMer lJk.e~~'i' . l ' t e 4 , . l m . e A ,q IIJJiI1" f m l f J ~'fj'et~/JQIII'" [',fF ,~~,
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neve.r f i e . m , o , v c : m ~ t a . J ;[be smru1e~'t m oo o om ,8:IIY' t b ' se a r i D S itseJIf~ m n a lk o leave, p l b ~ \ I J : t , y ,o D!,~a1 u :m d e r . ' !. b r.~:n,G;w h m : e , m ' l t ;3 ,c1()ses:t to t1tu!tpDrt~ aill poss.l:bili.ty 'Rc!~j'll11y' to:roe 'me :su:t...tm tha:t t'lp,losicm, pms'SUle 'back, due 't lack ,o suppor[ 'f er m S D ,f f ic ie n : t p o r t " " this pomit;: th 'valve, will then, metal 'bac.mc u: th : r i n g : be p,s-..t1gnl &D,d D l l ' a , y ' shortly faU, 'tht.,ou,gn, Il:nrer .. ,t is 'Btlt W ~ J S ap:plecimted tUurt t a : u S C 9 : , o f ' tt ,o u : b ~ e in . .C . . e < D g l t [ H a S
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De 01 th
m o s t pro,lffic
th lar,p: amiO'UD,'t W~s1:1; he a h 8 o r h ~ d by the 'IEa.n.s,t.. ort ¥I,ang ,aDd 'fed, 'back int ' 1 1 m exhaust v , 1 1 ' \ has ,opeJlcd an heat. le't. ga ~-ases ! ~ O ' be 1 0 \ 1 am Y,al,[N~: "ad] beC()nh~'!, '\vas[;e' 'Pl'O d l U J O - ~ ,nnd 't11e less i'~ls ! r . ~ a b s o r : b e d 'Ingi.n~·tbe 'bet1a'~ C ' Q l f ] l ! S ) e , q u e n t Iy" eabau fit ports ~o ,ath PQSSjb~£:iil [ a n d tb.er,e S l l O u J d , o w ~ ~ d , b e ' s, Ibo,n : fo r , be a t c o ad 'U e _ '· o D t,WetO U n : ! p o r t and, tb e : U I I : t ! s t plp_ D'UtJI fbla,t no b e t w e e n lI,ut :I ,pipe.. T h e e ou ,d i ti gn s a r aD ~ r u s l ! _ by \ l s i . n s 3( : n l a l e . - t h r - O O d e d ,nut :' th 'p~pdb~c c'~earlDce bclweell dill b o r e ,o bcnu p i p e ; at a.ml time l O D l 1 ; Olr~sfDlmishe.g, 'm tb f i to eeel ' t b E i D : r t OWl]' 'w,ele [ m d U o , m a . b l £ i j l but. it, is fa.r 'better to pm"w U:i'c ll.S aibsorbedl l",other ; t ~ b a D 't'D djssipal~e ea ntlcfW,lU'd's,: natlcn baen ;ru.m,ost lev~ry eDlgi~l]e wlu.ch, 'petrol} gF' pCjtro~..,bemo~]e w , r u & h o w ' m,oCESifiJi perf I'm diat £bey ,a,']J posses 'this ft~llJ.M: porU" The po~nt is o f ' - ! e J s ~ m . po rt a Dc . o n e n jm es d e s : w g r t I B d Ipeci6,c..., a ll y O r al~tdlIO;~ uel, bu.t, 'nl!~,'t d o e s m o pa b e e.s·~eDd:al eeereetnes of:the prine i p , m e ~ wer.e 'poptmlar seme ye ag D,CH.lb~e3:pDft h e d s w b al not ,O,ea! as e~uCleot as ~ L O I ~ : 'WW:w 'slD&,e: ;i"i"m a,r.''e,j;n genesar, S~) d e . ' 5 l i g I l e d . mo UI peffo,tJD b e t t t e f ,W ne lth ports lS b l ~ U l b d ,off c ' o lm p e t e l y ' 2 d ] J ; d !as close II' to t ~ 0 ; v a .~ w a : pessible, d o u b m port is, used n gJ e 'v'a,~,ve; 'there are tw exhaust here ,1lS al'plybl, to valves, It is u s u a n eatlh '~Ol ]J,;"lIUl Us CHvn, ,p D(rt~ an in t I D ! , event tb,e ,cri'acism", I D l ! C10UB€',. nu :not applJ~ 0,0;=' ,anema;ust port :hu b o o n c o r: re ct 1: y :s'~ped and 28
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carbon ,out 'poHslled~, It i s b fn ~ m c :~ 'to c I = _ n to aUow 'rUtin Skin ' C f J r e m m n " ICarbon '; a, p O Q r heat ,conductor' : a n d , liCIt! ,D e f fe c ni v . i m s ul lt o r w m e n helps' tO ]limit t h a b s o rp t io D , ,o waste bea"~ by'th'e P y t h o n lengines; ('dle: name 'under w b f . c h R ud g p 'o ,w e r supplied. tG (iUl_~r ,mabr.s:) 'we~ emetimes un we , tt h ,a,da,pWrs 'forced eq,uipped to tlm; '(Jtlwb 5 w . ' i IJ.-iin. pi p e s , (:,fiu' too 'b~g'~e ve n o r the 5 . 0 0 c. e , m o d e ls ') j aa tbese 'Ih'ou'td 'be I e ' m o v e d . . T h i s ils d:o,j]]'e y' rcm.ovirn,g the: O O : x a . g D D ' " b ea d ie d s ct m t: re M ' w ' b m c · '~br adaptors p l a i c e : : 1:he lIarge Fo D~iIIl c a : n 'then 'b twisted 'with t'be. ai o n !jete before p r i n ' t , 'pipe~wrencht E l m , operation, b e d e a cb i b e b ea d f~om ~'b,eyl~rnder~ Tile ,rigb~. p , p e 5 .L ~ e ' is h a w h c ' ,jm,t ftts, ,inlEhe COUJlJlt-e ball in the parI f,'!olm
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b:a:ve he baa;~ a t b s o r b e d 'b,' ·UihUS,t. vah'e l b l, c b () ge,t'!, t~ tm\Olil -dIG' s ,e a ,t : t h aw,oy by ' h" t. te r ~d]JIOIIU'~d" 1't'IS'O\!'Hii!bI:, w id ~b e ¥ t o o 'th!ere~ore', ~ 01 I D a n d , " O J I ift~'1 size" Of s , p r i . o , t ' \¥ c r . , ,0 ecord in I, to 'Yil l~ 0, '~ _n,es, whIc], be r - eg u l a ri y ~ ' tr ip ' ~ e d . dc'w.o a f b e : r - o v er y C ! ,e n 't 'l t u s e d wi~'Il safetJ'j' but m o r e f re qu e n IllS:rf'fiO\V us ItiD 'PfjJY v a lv 'e ~ le a .mlllce . adjustment ay necess:w:y~ ],t c,'tb v a v e o f , e q l 1 w z '1 h ea d s a ri li in aU y designed] r ed u diBm'~'IJGr, c i f t h e lb a u9 , " a 1 l , \ ' 1 e ) and, t b e r e ~ O l e l l the; seat ''W id,tll" in ,order tO :6:t'a, :~ar,pr'nlet "1\)10 [ an d s ti ll , ma~n'tain e m o u g ' c ~ e a n " J C e ' b e~ w ~ ~ n t b e ,two to l~mveTl,t
,elrm period WMII1 both, re : i! lt le , [, f. t4 1 ~ ; n C l ln th pa ti ly d. pmfCc;rt1 bl s ti g T hl 'U , ' eo n ve : · b e a d '~Ol O D , C 'wille;":'is dead :t9at O F ' l e V ie D o o n ca ,' YD ; a,lthougb it melin,s wclpt.. H, s m i B h , t , Increase in e d g e m u s , _ ,mlOl be "00 'thin) ,omen/lise i~ wU let V';fY' ,hot and :ma,' warp lout of s:ba.pe at :r~nnlml ttmPl~ra.ture ,;1 li 'w n~.einlet V , B J , 1 . v C 'tb; be s ' H g h U y r o u n d e d 6 1 1 " to impruve S 8 . . £ ' " " o, and to Ilvojd, local hot 81e/l~ (\~e If 'there MY doubt a9 'tei ' U I e q[uJi1tJ' 'IDev~:,e~, 'I~ay , 9 a ~ f e ' ,discard it ,aDd. ,IDI at : n , e w o n o , K ~ B . 9 , 6 S lo 'to ' £ 1 m ,British , 5 , p e c i . . . s , i m U r u - ,IJastem'{j,c sb!~e~,o o : n f o , r m i n g m , u tu m
,2;9
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: 6l t e m diunetef'~ an ,ha,v~c a s . . :v'O(fl, ,guitie'.s; an improve: m e n l , in b,ea~:d u;si,pa'tin, can. b~ ~B.ecte 'DJ runcre~,liQg th 8i.nd, using w l l lm i nd . u m . .b. r o n z e 01 '9 :st,m di amerer wi"w these B a o ni a . .meh~l]1g W l d e s bu it will be ~ry
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' m e t a m 't'D e n s u r a , s : m IQ , " th o ug h pm;d~w's u . p p . ' I I , Y ' ]1tlllrl'cp:t 't pre,~el'Jr~5·e]mi'~'., k ; s , h - c o a . t i : ~ : 1 : 1 O\r bard c h r o m e pl'a:~e , . 0 0 0 . 5 1 : i rn , - ~ 'O O in, 'thick. D, th 'YsI.v,e s t e r n 'w.ill: 1 1 5 0 ' .Dsisil thi direeticn Abr!Hltpti'OIn 10 he:a:t by U e b c a d is, b:lsmed b,yeo'Dto;uti'q,
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f i c a - a , o n D,~T~D~4'9 b, Better I'till~ pio~sib1f'G ~ t h o , ld , of !oclium"JfiUed y ,a lv c o f ' t h ,ty~ , c o m m i o w y :6tted to aero'eJgiiue5' used 'b:y aU,[' leadins ralting m o o , dud.lill th last t\VO lOll' three ' Y e a r s , i D ' r efor th 'W,3:I", T l r u 00
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it :m inad vis'a,bm.c tO I U I s e haJd,th head lo to 'lnwld up ,8 nm lII.le~..:Iil I~nyi: Uoi:JIru 'bl~ld m.,,;l "A On,ilill ,~t, 'N.·.1'i m J ! .y " l l m...' .. 0'1"",, _i!',M'if!i,'l'li l ~';:"lll\e! I II ; , . \ w . - , - : . ik_' ~nlJ.U.lliA II 'f"""':..-,~ er e~ , go o d , m a t er m l D . (U l . .· fimous m c k ; e l a U o y ~ is fO exhaus va
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30
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i,wa,,' : s m o Q t h l , IS p o s s i b i i e ' : 1 'this ~I"- ~hme:,,-r,~ ,' cJimina,tl'" ~ D g sh a rp i o o m u in th ' ,a l v e ' c h e s t a U o w i n g p l 1 e n, t y ;r f\Ci,o O~-f h. (l th,e valve w :h e is al lift.
'Tb, :geb~1tlepl[i~,vious'~yIOiU;tlimed fOf' masking part, O(f: ' th e l rn ls t ' V 3 ] V ~ 1 is de6ni~e:~y[ no t B " p ip ~ i 'e a ,b ~ e the exha'ust Va11''e'll roil fit is im;pa;r,ative 'WbD'.~BIcHCpm,iiil ,orf t h i s , 'oo,mpone:n1 is ' b . n H J " i h t in,to , 1 , c t i o ' E i aU th om. t a D j b e t e 'tbe.m,p-'prHslure' e em m e e em e of aa,s,
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Tbe, mal'Dri~,y o f " lI v s e st s a r f or m ed , 'a to tb," Ui8'~, b ru t s 'o m e , m a k e r , s , fl VO'U th~ fll't~e-F 3 , 0 ° ,seal~~l w m c b i5 m,Orl: low 'lifts blta\~8e ',be: actual oplnh!tl,g b e t . w r e o n 'y,al~~,and IM,t is ,greal'ttm' by 2 2 ; , % , in, the r - 8 ' I. 1 : o , o f Sf) to 1'O~This a d ,a nt ag 8 c ea se s after' th V,W,YO lifted tj:Q]'e.5 h e s ea ; Y r i d . [ j ~ , aad ,&100UQi't ap'pi.[,oximl( 'e~ye q m a te ii 'iberab,fll;li l e s s imporbil1Qe wildt : D a r r o w Bleatsl t b " Q ( o \Vi. w i d e ae s but with the widths, ,commonly '~mplo:yed 'tile, pin ls w,ort~l'wmle b e e au s m 1 :l cf t o f ·t h :blieatbing 'W,tI'st, 'puftarceJ, be aa=omplis b e d , whea e it he r ' y, a] v 'is, only pa;rtiiaiJl~,.. 4S ~ i C a . t . ha th g F e a tC f seil:"centrilll,1 : 6 f t. e d C O D ' V - e r s g i l v e , "be't'teE'MSU~ tSI DlJeehlnimly Irdect (lD, t h s J , v heads ~t s ho r t · g ui d c 'Or. these m - ' w m c : b ~ disto.rliouma.y' ~ecur at b~sh,tem:per&m:r-es Som.c engines are m a d e with lOP :inteu :m ,ts~,e1hausts for ; t b a , t reason,
31
A T E NT '~ O
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ar re er an or hOl'iesl eaa then be bleode inte 1 ~ 1 J ] e bo. i li e r , an d ",ou ' w i l l 'b s u r e that~, GWJll the. c~]'bllfetle,r 'bas. 't be [~tred lJ..asti~1,y ,ail !Nlllilt= f 1 l ! t i l D . e d a t e , it 'wiU ,g'o 'back eorree t1 and cannot pm,sibl,' w o r k : e u t. of POSitli,OD,R , r ,a : u , o m . .
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h a v e . p ro g re ss ,e 4 tJ t h e : sta,ge w : h e ' r e h e v a. l f e So :[a~f 'w :sea:l! :aDIU p,olrts na,vlE been ~t'Wfided to -a le.as[j; fa tbe W'ritl ' 0 0 " 'l iA f lo r d , is cencemedr c a : _ r r y i n , g out the 'work. j'n rlCaU, f b O , r , O l l g D :maOl'u:r takes ,I, m u c h 'C![I ,leI' 'WIIlD u,d a J m 'o r paliitmce dlan s j. m p l : d e s c r, ~bl.8: it..B e f O I" B p rl ( c ee .d iJ D ,B J , f 1 J I l h e w ' j ) ' dle carclW:'etler s h o w d 'b S:'~t-d, e r m p , o , t L a r i l y to 'lIUl'to SimI!; 'tha,I llnes up a c e - m , s , t e l : ,
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tho'~t rI •. s~ep ,uyuihere ,9!oW1ld th,,: 'rtbl, port cifcwmfur,mce., eti:ul'm er :pu-5he1 to I, stuib alm,ost, bound~o or sp,lg,oted Dmll~"t o e ' ' t , o bora, 'ste ' W i l e n s t , f' tb dhnl1etef.a, I r l e ,eo f t c C J l t r i c bt ,trine o u o ,: f :roliu'ld utieqUJ&1 r. if po be ,fi t hu '1 n t he ' c'iesl'riDg,-lJp proeess, O s e ~ in e 'UP"I' e i .t tt h e r o , f dilse ~yp~ w U i U ;lhv;l,ys;reB.S!emb~c COftttCU.y bu th t md a: n ' B. s. : . e w'bic'b ha 'no' s,pW ,IO't,.i two i s S (l 'm e ;t im e s r a th e r ~ s l a c k n, studbO;~e8 re m e it [l~,s, :n eea m , e i J , I O U . t [I,t e m ,. , l l l ' l :6 b u s h e s to :studs; '1 : I } e m m t h e m , t'll
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S o~ ed m e h e flanges, b e c o m e beDtt (us,nally' tbrOTU,p, 'tb:e to ~ o , n and, 'thick)1 Slid I , S C I )f Plctm,g w a I d l e r ' \ l i b . i c l J ' C l D S , :fa,ullmust be 'r'ootuloo by ltnling: up t h f ac e, . : i: m a te r e x ,perimentstI it ,is; wOtrth w,blle m.akill1 'IUl];" I C X U D i s i , o m bloeksto ,1)0 'be:tw,ee,n h e D m .n g ,tates~in 'I],def' to : y 3 1 ~ ' t h ~ ~ rr ug t1 ~ f t ~ c i rl d 'u c tm ' DE tS f y ,s 't e m . : ~ the 'eMi)CSit ' L S !tio m l I C l l i n e t he t f ro m aJuml'jmium ~89Itin~ m a d e fn'JIlJ w l o a ~ e m p s u e r n t:he a m ~ p as the -flaDg~ ,Bnd ! - , m . ~ finished t~ictn es:s, :o U l ' l " of tbese, 'plus, the [I,aces!ary longer studs, 'M en b~ '[he i.nd:u;Qt~,o'n pipe length to be v~ried t.-b~~i t e ' p s '~!O b.l~, TIlII I c y I D i : l l d i e r Id ,m'dy , m o d e h w e r e f il ;t e ' w i Ictewed, ..i n stu ID 'to ·ta :k c H p - :f it d .D - I ! c q' rb u rct~- eIS'~1:1 th PilI, ,maken loo,nce:m'l'-d 'Ci'D one -su~pp,l"long,!, p a 'u em s :1 em,ativelYl' L o l o ,r d e r "C s e B a[ j 1 . . 6 't Uf ;U ~ ,l ear'blll~euer~,a w e d e d or brazed :stGe'lbD,S~ Cim b e stub, ], 'mo'y be ad 'j s a b l e 'to m a C e u :It De :ILub I\l't,o,&~£her ,ratbe'l" ~thalilto ' l l o d ' i lf y a'D ld OD mall:) 'illlducti CD s : r , s ' ~ m n a L a m n ~ i t b m 1 0 ] ] 1 enougb D,or ~arg Inoulh F e r r 'muim;nm power c;a,n
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I ar ,I ,e ; b or e w h ic h e a 5'afely wi~ th standard 2. .. sW 'rentr&Wsm.DOO is 1ft in., ,and, clearance for " t h e : nuts, C~p"" "lmn UlGre ls ,o:ml:y ']]O,t save 6:ttEngoarbutetters, e, t h e , 'which :fi'~ stubs, this limhatioo, a D d , ' \ v n e l l :f.o'f,' , r e ~ ; S 0 1 l S lo s p a c e ' Ot' ,tJO e:tim~ftU~\m b a u d s in th in UCdOD s,)f-st.em,the m i i x i t D I I eo ' b e , mb : m o u ' f r m d g,U'l of th~ ' Y ' e r u . e a ] , the !cU,P-'1ltting ' t ~ e i is easier to iu!mlll beca,lu!m it can :stmply b e : !; .' w ly e Ue d r"oD'Ild, th s;mb B io l t h c or re c p05iti,oiD~ T h e B - nu l .of' ',b,re,m O O D I,,ebamb~f' i s i i Ir im a : te r ia l ' w ~ w l n U m i : t 5 ~ , . :p,rovicted tIlel ! l o a , t , level i s , e e r ,pea!~tr' li rda:~j.oIJljo tbe et rtlHyg,gh el bo m n . t o tbe engine 'wiD B o o d ~ D , 1 f r o m , t h : pl l o ' th E u e } u p p ' b r is D)I)£,, t u : r w u ~ ~ d , B: Q C r C l l U ' : ' 'w'hel~ studing Stu- ',utl S i I U , ' b d m m e ~ m ; , ,p,e 1.j- in i' 1 m " , l'"1 8Cf:Ol'\CU~g 'to Itbe bore 1 0 1 ' the ml'bUfClttcir;; , A d . a ; p t , o [ [ " , s t ~ l b s ! widl Ithese d j a m . c ' £ e J i S , ICIA, ~asi1y : m a d e up iJ I' :sUindb~' bn,i_ S:I1JdlS~ hut ~t i-' _!l,t ~ , ~ H soete~:head d i e ' h.lr,iel~ SCr;lCW9 the Au.~:m 'u, ' U n b m l c ! Q ' ~I ! ~ ~DtOIth .11] 'W OblliD :Ilta"d t e a '" oi d : b : p , ving (1 cut t O O l cleBJ"ance~ this, m e d l e d j,":1 alae pelS!Jiill~ 'tOI ~ke up 5 ' w : b ,of' :1 ~ 4 2 2 i o , . d ia ;n m lQ r t ' u t: ff il i t b 3 2 r am ; ; ,earbu ~ e l t e r . ~ A : r c r l u n ~ l : ~ , ' 9 S 0 t .9 _ W m nd a d , A ma l lange, Wltb mJD,., Ol~te e n t r c s as m b ' o d 1 ! J c O O fo!' "e:ry' lLarge e a i ur e t n m, t l U l p a in t m u s w a t c h ~ , w . h e n ~aD:t~mp,latirnu ,cbIUl~ over,~ I'~is poyillle to make dDUblIJ flaD;pd ,adl1ptOI With ,2 ~m"ho,ll:i 'CCDlJi1:S eae kDge ,BOd. mm "'in i U t e , o dt et : b U the 'lu,I,cst bcre :),0'0 esn , c ; e t ~thoU!t ,harviDg Wtl' leeal fIIntsl In, a ~ jB ce D t o th AJ~eD [Sorew h ,e .a d H ; fi.t'ti,ng,
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underl,ooe c a n s : i . d e , r . a , b t e d-eslgn modmc3ti(HlS bef~,re :Feleh~ [e'lia blli,t'~ M(ls 'ports m.ode~~ pi rl'cetS, 19 J4---l9 'ViIl,ta,:ge W e M, and, gt(Dum"e hm",p,in. springs ,w.tb the . ' o 't a , b l . e tJ)ceptioll of It be p e e d ' W ' I .J ~ A " " : P ! ! w l 1 i c " h has ,a \~"'Iys ~ b l il 1 e - C ll )I U S !fJlesel I\g~ c a se , : :n ;d f ic l~ n U y l i l e e ng ]n ~ i ~~ e fi .d e d primarily 'fOf' d:h;tanc€ IffveUJts,"! Since, : 1 . 9 1 . 4 5 been Ic()nmderalble change back to, coils) ]aFleliy beca the , d J J B e b l t J oi eru!losing h m - . . . · p i n t S wim,ou~ ! ie r i i- o u s , h f l, te ; r ru i P " " ie ar~, D o , m :,to() a i r - e l i O ' W h rO H , gh , h . h e a d 'ins liuaU~l ~'~'Il~ Coil-sprJ~1 'rr~'ctv~e ~~'nmy ~'used _ ' I j b ~ l 1 o : ~ : ' h ,I [be' ~n.u':~e~~.is~, s W , g i: o g ' sm:te of .ralnd VI br.ilttQll, aD th wa'1 to ,overeome ·this ~3 b , y ' '1JS~I'ng 0,0 ~y I1mi be D J J l n E , b e r OrCOJ al modern c o i l , springs, F l ; du'plex or e v e : m , ! t r f p i ~ C : ) l ; with, :D0', : m , Q , , . , e : [r e e e o i in 'the 'Oiil~eE,~ T.be:inner :s,priQI o . l \ ' e D , h a o ne ' eolls o f U gh ' e r 'tW,CI ~ofe wi a~v,;mta,~e_ ' Of ' to ,~bc ·pU15 ,fi:£, is m'thitD iLbe o r t H e . r ne ,E " Ib i p f ,Q w d e s I, certain am}ount ~'r.,ginl:_; :friCt!CD d a m p i n g :lnld 10 ,helps, Side~·wlye engi'Dcs, 'wiU~ s i L 1 l l l g : l ~ a,ools of fl\~~Y' Ugbt poum.doge sO~tjtUm.0.~, !Ol, ' ~ _ h e 'I~ t1.'~ppy ,type·. with ,a, large Dumller io Icoi1ls.. These ,s D~dd 00 [1!'" placed, ·b,y o th e of mJ P1lopofti,o:n!:l" te I. hose jiu~,~ 'L~I 1 _ 0 , dese!ribll:d~ w l 1 : i c ~ L 1 . , , ; , w n l~(ljobably' ,e l§!:w mpb;l,ci , an d ' bo t to , m S11'i18, eaps illnd, tbe, :s'plU ,ooUe~5i~ It la :probl,bl,e th p , e cc s w i b e required ' E O ' ,m 'p f o ( H ~ ' 'the J~nd hese S b O i U J d h e m ad e wLtb 'the - ed uc e l en g of pl sm,IlUmt '[l: osslble IUU in CO:lltO.ct W , i U i ' t D B minimi~a': transfer. b Le at t o h e l D l p p e r m o s , ~ , eous~ Wi th r-e!ud ~ J O ! pring 'preg;u_re,~ it is I, mists ,to ffilj·nt '~bBltt lirw qita 1 1 0 0 1 ' ; 1 1 pressure eIIJC(fmouS:I~' stron SU6 ,spri 'm e xc es s o f that r e q u m d ' ~ C J ' prc,vent 'ytd'Vf! ehatter up to the 'usl!b~emaximum revs, S t m y , ,'·000 ' r O I r D " ' 50 c.e. ' a 1 I W , t " 19~500 : fo : r , n 2 5 { '1 , c . . plot~,i,m;ply ' w a s t e ~ , mOf'C p01wer'
, m ; g (heir
'I
lime
and ] 0 1 1 0 S , uptbe 'va]ive gear T h e : ac m a 'strength, requimd 'a full lift dependl u po n f il e lcam
ICODJttU,lf
v:al.ve' ,gea~
S'OI
:and U~
it jus~
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e.• i d . i e ' l ' & : t i o : m s " , i ~ : is uRal
es
h e a d s tCI pwovide II0 0 - 1 2 () 1 l b ~ ' p ,r e ss 1 l: ft e w h e n ~le-8s th [ ca m d - es ~g Q . lS very is s .e a o o dl ; , ~ d : P ~ ~ ~ ; ' i _ ~ ' 4 ~ 1 , ~ O , ~ . b . i l5~O~,d ,s,uftiQe;a"~., ~uiI1U f t : ~ th e g re at e figuf1ei obVl.'o\1:~l"ap.~I,~~ I' to th ~gF~ ia e:rnpmes).. oUf""'wa~'1dt:t;~ PI 'With tbelf m u c h I i~ ;t er . m.d.hlidual c o m 'lPonenb~ requir only' u.boo,t :8 lb seat PJrCSSUtiB perv~w is p o S ! S i b ' , e , ,t~ m a k e U P I , 'rig to t"e~tt h i s prl~sur~ g en ui n I 'e .p la lc e, m en u c a n : b e : : accepted gim,g ~~etS:I' b } ' B J t n o t b J i n , g : has ~a.k,eD· , I D G e 't.hr: c : o rr e c : a ,~ ' O I U D : p r O " d ~ ~ ~ 9 J ~ r ' lh e ; i n s, 't a J] 1enlt~._(lit dl8 spr.,jn,I ;Ipp'mciDbly'~ wO-'V8imV~
BIi~l~
seat
wetV,~or
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st~etebed
exnIUS,£ ' v m i ' Y e ,
twa, Je glil 'bei.ng· ft in so Ii)npJ! '(b,anD is u ' ' f f i . ~ I ] j ' t ~ I O " _ m ' l i d ' u c e t h e p r -e ss ur c by s _ b D u b e. I ,n , d l~ S Of w c , w k s l l . o. p s , ' w , m I C n . do I, s e v ,e ra J p o u nd :s ~ R'&idera UWJ1.i~1wOir~1 : i ~ t m ,~'mo'uDJ a J iC q . u 1 r£ 'O Q I ' w I D s e pla'd t h s p e l : aa l lS,P:~D~g..testing DUilcbm~ 'tba'~ g~;'8 an BCCIllf3,tJC parlicu~bJ.r ~ e : - [ i l t h " ,mJeat!j,nmmern;t af'tbe dct'l1rmioel:f by b6 ,llctual ~stBnc ~oll d-al:eti then t 1 r s ~ m e n , u n D, ! tb d~s~aDcc:bCl~leeD 'the t O P I an o~tom , 5, p n D I c o ll ar s ,and tb,en d0'terlmining the pressure of Uh m a ' ~I e : n , [ ( l t t h sprim,p mQcbb~B~ , A p a 1 " ~ fnlm bei~,g bV~(J'lI:l8ly bre ,e Ii s~lin g' ,of~. ~ubiOrlenor sctt!e ~nd ,5 ~I lose ·therur e5ec~iV~i s ,t ~ n, gt b . ' it UWDP~'" in re [.fl ,- sl [uPUo,n p ac k n g u p h e o w e : e . a U m g h e GSlen 1 1 ! ~ '~ ' V e r i f y tha'£ i~ s o m ~ U m e s e f fe e t i v e l bu lt~ 'I· coil.-bcnmd u, ;td ([lU 'ift: to d o h i 50
~a,'
,p..e eouar
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ru
further
,e IClJn 'm:3lXJm.um :p (liwt [0 w'mcb t h UtI' :.
meQhaui~l damage m I ., ) r es ul t : tj lo [ lack on th exba lS t.
sp rinS' s'trengtb,
S,prin,p
Halr....
. . H a i r ' ' :p i : m ,spri_np ' w , e r , e ' D " r l g i n a . n y ' mll!i,e with faru'rly ~ m a l 1 d ~ a m e i te ] " ' c o il s a nd , J,t;J,n[I lrq,s,. ' b u t 'tbe a d - c , r n y,ariety . b a s ,316;
".D,~ .. C},'LI::NllBR
H.lt.lDS,
mu a r g e d i a . m e t e : ! ' ICoils, and : E d t i J J . f . ti O l ' 'lep .. 'Further th desip is s.uch that Blver working rln~ th '~prlDg~ h e o o ,p ' conta,ot, 'With v a J v a m o ; ~ e s ·alm.ost ,i it $ ' 1 J ' A i g } U , md 'tbere; ,'" Jitt~e, :0.,0 lWei parall~l '~O t r. JU d lC D C y a s · t h e ~ , 'w a , with e a rt ie r d e s i ns "I lo ' t h e Sbl'd.oPa.ry a 'n d a u '0]] tb,eiI' , a b U J t m e D U L O m e , p , to , m o v e Wb r-ea~o,mof s,pace ithas beC's nece5:S~' ,t iied,~Qt overall, 'width ,o p,eJr o E " instance, 0.0. :paralfd 1lDn,lJS;t a s t w m s " l i k e 'the, t\Vin,.;,cyliDder , A O l J O 1 S , , 3, C ~ g ; m . a ' c h i n e ; t 'the c ' D . d J i i e a c h pair f' s,ptings re O ' V t e d a . : p ; p o o j nd c a re f u l d e - si . , is DecesSl.ry 'L ensure that n,OIm:~ erference ,!JCCtUS b e t w e e n .f ' t O e , vlllve m o y m ~ I W1ien 'p l b . . e · s,pringS, rt an fitling; thes: ,ove;:dappinl; :!rprmgs~ p ar t. ic ul a : y ' t a n CD g ; J n fo'r w l b l c h 'tiwy w e [ > e 0 , 1 0 o r i g i : r n : r & U , designed I. a r m u 'tU;en 'to' : 9 that. the· en loops lo lclear cac.b o w e r , B , _ _ -i
the·
p o in t , f[ o m clOiCd to £ U l - .tat.. . M t e r 8, w ' h l l Q , w , e r u ' cc o n tn~ s un ig '! ! p ie c e
,r tl~= o 'o p o f hau"p,:in s pr ln p . c & t1 JS c dh ~ ' r u ' b ' b m f 5 : ag.wust th SPriIDl, rltmm~r" a D p la e m m o c a lt e - , fo :i tb wear 8~L" on qJ,illmDI 'Df the wiFe' d.ia:met8r,~ Ta force um-:ted. 'the sprJDII e,a,oh sBotdd ba ,equa'~ to i l v o i . d d l t i J D , l : i, t m l e ' m f : o r , ; 1 t , i s 'the l O C a l 'to r e ' p , l ; a o o in, pairs, lI,oi j'IiS'f, omL \1 ,I ,they' d,o 'bf,~I;~,b , m " " : p i o . 1 , ; s ' u a l J l ~ y ' 1 1 5 1 l C ! a ( E m D e : I l _ - ~ - = ' ~ o b an d ,~DI~nd li t t : ' jm,t. where tb;e ,mUlt cats, fb.., c l a n d ! '~,e:l11 ~_ Um 'ken, .' deep BCf31tcbC8, d e in th w i thia point ' w , b . e n
'tmndiing sueli sp inp.. j~
iu~ beyond, th
r oc ke r lliltJ it, A n ~ t h ~ r , e ; : K p e d i , c n t 'i to : p l l . c e th weueI' s,~t spoop t il e i ru et . ' Vl l, ~. ve ~ i ns u l ic ie nt , , ! u r - e n g c h 1 0 is i c o m p o l : u m ' [ in _ , 3 r t ~o~t onJ,Y reduce th top '~\~l"mll' Hrt~G~ ui &111"_le
Ta,
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o:ften.
:~o'D'Sidc~~daldvi8a.ble to convert 00 j J . . . sp.riag h , m - . . p i I l 3 andWs 'CBJ} b e d o ne , w i t .~'t le ; a n g l li m , 1 _ _
,d'-JP!C:Ji'Im~;:!o ~ _ ~~ '
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b O i x exwnsio~rns ''l'meh 'liIJ(j,rm~ruIyS,UIrTOUll.d h e p n n g cups e nd s lo '[h,e ro~er-l, ha,ve't,o 'b cu ,BWB,,', l 'e ,1 l v w \ g ' (h e , o u r o c k ;e r - b o l s ' L a n d . f u d s (i,n 'file, p m s h ! ' " . f , o d C'XP o : s e Q " a nd ! t h d o m u s b e h i e d dc,Vlti. to' l r u , e a l lLle spr~, which !in ft ,a 'in~~aUed a:1 l8'me~ Re'ID.oval o f t h coil 'v~hfe l,pOOg, en e] .o s ur e h i ' du) l e f f e c _ ,3:1
I N G F~O,II ,S 'B:S,D'
fijJTUN'"
F_L,IJ,~,:L~j E " f l' l f " i . . . , ~
".1.,,"~Ol
depriviJl(g the 'v~'~,veI m i l i e s , of Iabrlcaticn 'whlcb ilic;'y : no no n n~ n~ n y r e~ e~ ~ r uv uv e '!eata.ge from lffim rocker ' O O 8 r , m g : s , and ID.'t .e r e fo fo r e " d e s ir ,a ,a b: b: t~ t~ : t particula dy ] f : B ~ t b .e hJng-d rntF!r.n:e w,ork~
in, n . c lel e s t m rQ rQ u , g cm \ iJiJ e 'l'l o i p ip ip e s which to r e cm
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the s u p p l y ; .
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the n}~kcl" n}~kcl" S , c I J m e : d i e d g m e : r s :pire:nU~ to llltili2:e r e t u r n sp'f D . g s odsJl tIler-,ab, altbe:r :~educmg tb : s - t r e n g U l , nec§_$ary '~ th~ valve ~p':rmgB o,r~ a1~emalJ,vely[j' ;PG'rnl~tttinl '~1igher :reys :fjo" 't[le same s p , r i n , H , : st a r the bllJi.r.. st le le n gt gt ' , " '$XU":1 Vel:l100~t!es: I,(lfin,gs, s ur osses O l D , ur ro ro u nd n d i n t he he . Il:be, push-rods & n h e s:prifilS fiued 'OD h e o w e e n d s ff ec ec t such s~rinlp is to or Qe,fUlin "A.. motors, The e ff waill1:twl[I, b e c a f"oUo,mr in 'C'Drm~~,Ct w~tb OD elc~ss~'~o' pregStDe pregStDe lea,ds, (M:~~B t i D : U O U s ~ y , t ,Ind elc~ss~'~o' h e a I i'i' o ,!,! , nd \¥elf the cam-tol ~ o ' w e r [oo,t unless ,B r o J e r 8: e m , p ~ l o ' y l e d ~ a t w G ! y ,o a d d i m , R 't't llll m sprh'tgs _ , 0 ' e ng ng in in e ' ~l ~l IIII itit bbo,Dow
rockers '~I~t'DI heusa ,~th~lnkMlb Mlb ne
:sprin,g
:ixed, ro
'D
bore
IOif
the
otber and atmche(! 't'OI th w a . y that th ~ B p i . r ' m , g C \ I D I,~, W ' L o 'U D , u p desired ed ameun ameunt: t: this ,scberme a n desir bas, U:u~; meril~ ~a,t p e mlcn:t wi,l11.'varyi~l, is il%ts:y reek reeker er ar :nlck,er enclosure in sucb.
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t l J . e r e rij'll.$,' (LeJr)< ( . s . : e e ~re , 4 2 ) 1 At "wxln,~Mm '~al~ 1(j,'Ilt!q~,~~ b e tJtJ M t 2 " '.'. ; , ' ,cJea_m/~ll ,cJea_m/~ll b,etWi!'lfm Wllve tIll/ide ,Q#td ~'l1:ti-",~ lJ dlflnl!l1U {J'itJ,~.fHJ'I~~ ~ J J . ! i _ ' 1 K (co'iis, NfJte: lw i~ ,(}j llle l f 1 , i ~ r J Y ca is 1:I~(ll;'q/,':tJ.e. r~'6 O~le.r ,s.'p.riJm,., q /,':tJ.e. "160~ dJfJJltet.f!'r'
amounts
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w : e lqlq :U :U r e d ,.,. ~
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In Bom~ d M i g n s th l n l l a ' J J S ~ S P ' , r 1 D , 1 S 1 e u llee s V6;fy q w c ' k J y colls, near'lst d l l e , OUJlUS port beco become me over over r-emedy !CUD elected hy :i'iJ IDiea;'ed; :i'iJ.cSuIatio,g' .c SuIatio,g' Ute, foWl!' sprlns coUs, ' b Y ' _m i C \ a \ w a s b m " S ' ~ Oit'p,lcking th &pd~I, &pd~I,Slat. up nmr-JIiO.iPii,'UiI' '(nli'l '(nli'liIl iIl'i' 'i'~;i'j; ~ ;i'j;'N 'N ,iliA, ,iliA, t L ~ t ' ~' ~' ,g ,g .... w wW W lJ rw rw &. &. .;.; !i!i v' U I W L,111'1\:Wc ''!!iI'' i I''.u, . u, ..... weEe m ; s , UJ,le m I n I m u m 0'_ m e {-'1-.. ,g 'I
cODta;~t . I , the: lnIlllxUn,t] ,o , a i r space between, th 9prirn,g e a bR bR l 8 I C ] se sea't sea't Ind the b , o t 'port metal, Ge D,fmHy p ea c o i s . pn pn i n 8 1 0 0 : 0 'be, ,kCiPt o; Of Bv,efl;eCH'J~er -"tbln l o p e ; n po u riri n e 11JJ Jo Jo uS uS ~ 1 il aver t h e m s : p w - i u J , J s b , y . ' th e x p e d i e n t 10 ' po f ry ,a;way ,a;way t h e . heat, tllfOi[i;gh jets 'C CBl'fry _:Befor-e ' l l e a v ~ : n , G d l i:i: t s ,m ,m : ~ je je c t p riri ng ng s I t mI.,' be well '~(li ,~1~'~n~1 ''''l In0f1~~1!1Ii.1i' ,--". W"'r~~ m l sc sc on on ct ct : _ :U :U J E S , tc , 'we-if ,UIl.cttOD~ s o m e 1t."',t"'L!llll:u i f,f, [' U .
'Q
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u~:Jljil!g Iru;r:f!ia!:f].J a~ rel,'J:f_'J"s/Hrng 1:lc\~ ~l,'1iJJ'lJt c'real'-· ;'*lK e..:cesc81'~' c a , l ! ' I ~
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bead n r
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Cl 's b t h 'I.~.ve, o p e n agaimst; '&he spring 'dti'~ ' t ' O I : t l' 1 , 1 3 C c , 3 r m p r Cl es , c b , ar ar , p : dgh,t tlP. to full. U'ft rtha't th ~pri'ns t a k es l1 b ((rr m s t h ' c'c' i-i- O I in in , a c titi o n . . ln fact, h e e ar ar n e pe p e ra ra te te s OEd p e l1
against ' t~ t~ h e: e: s: s: p riri n p I n portiotJ '(lIdy' , 0 , " wn
' th th e tuc:rtin~ o f t h v a o r h e ,w-s;t after o o r W n 'IU),int nd '~:O :fUD Jo w i n g t h e v ,a ,a lv lv e d.oill:g th,~:w 1 o r l r l o :f:f s's' ~ Jo ~p~imtl: U ! it is aJt;tua;:I1,f S l ' O i P P O O , by th 'tlm~ mJ:R :L9,
TD"}U TD"}UN'G N'G ,'01, ,'01, S'·.BID'
IT il"E1o!11'-1I,iFIi,'i;o1' 11'-1I,iFIi,'i;o1' III .LDJi'11
. [ ~ C ' b e d l O . A f t e , f t l 1 a : , t " t b ~ p ' r .m .m g aoee]efaJ,tes a, oee]efaJ,tes th v : a J v : e b a ' c t certain poiut is reac ;9i;lain U D . t U reache he (lIn 'die l e l . o s l i n g ' .IsDk o,nwu~ th 'v'llve is ·1:g;eim.g c a m : :':' f ro ro m . ·b·t, p o m t ' O f ' th
. ~ i o l w e d d J O ' W D ,apin b, pressure betw'wn t h e · Ica'm~roDoYIer SO tha.t :;.t is e'~entuaiU:y down. 'OD! ~o the Se8,'l DUlldef' ·I,t ·I,t v e r y low ' v B 1 J C a ' t y , ~ In ·otbiel ·w·ords~ .e;:m,..eoDb'Cl fot' the firs: , a n d ,hU;,'tp o , r t : i , o n s ,f the motion
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io i r . t h e .F1fUllUlimde;r ,o 'oo,t f io
.
the; ;l!tCtio.Di~LI~~ o.Di~LI~~ ave)" t h . . nose ·of'lthe miDl;I' the ' v a b r : e i s u nd nd e p riri n. n. g I O O m O : ! " T 1 1 J : : ,pnzsme oonuo,l b e l t w e e : J l i i ' thth e am IUd ~ o . U o w e r dtll"mg f, i a , e q u a l o , ~ b sprmg pressure plus. th i 1 1 e l r t i a O fO fO O D : ur im im g r i periods, va~,ve:-, ~,ve:-,par~ par~w h s t d ur DiiomeD'ttli:m. ,af'the· va sprmg OJl:b",C;~j) ie ~,[·t!§tmf,8 ' I. b B J s,p,~g pms~ttm nDmUS, '0. V91veinertia,~ nd ,I,t ;,oy pomt. 'the inefti;1 b e c , o m e : s , pester t h a u , d i _ . , r s p : d I l , g : pm pm su su rr- e t h e a . m , f o l l o w e r 'W :ieave ico,nlDDr. gi,ving, rise '~O th condJd.OD. I010'WD dle' dle' ti valve; : i 1 , 0 2 l ' L , This O L D _ ' 'Dot 'b ~ e r y ' Q u e e a ble, in f8;C't itrtad;-qua'W in, ]ift 1fIIi dura,ug,1\, may'lcvlCD me hendei;aJ ffllm tblC 'pOW'il' ie , ll,~IU ,~IU.t '. 'pOW'il' ptodUC'it ptodUC'iti'OD i'OD p o m £ , o f r ie ,p c e d . r is is a s t i.i. lili l · tItI I!I! th th cr cr f j dJl! :se,para'~om,will b e c o m e [bil' s ,p SJ1eI'tg[1 an p'ea p'ea(k (k u o t i l l h e : vidve bi.'u ' & b e pb~o!n or t & b ! e
~,U;l:,
vy o r th th c v al al v a n ,suffm ,in the p ~ c s s < , 0 ' 1 " els-B, i m p a ei ei , l oa o a d s ( " a s m d " , c n t : e d Ib 'lIe'omet, ~eeul~e 'D~Ue:) 'wiD SOm£WDMiG in the WtiV8 par' 'M.to. t h e ' i c e . r t . a i D ; Q olf'fmlurei :if th , ccaa n d itit io io · ] U a e allowed, to I C O ' D , t i i n J l . 1 e l l T'oucmDI OB th ma:twr :' rsprl.ns IcapSi '6sih'euw Judiao1Bl, d i a m e t e r to Itb,~ r e d r Ml Ml l~ l~ w l ~ ,
mean diameter ,o
·~d,g~II'9 , ' O
tiDns~
ha be
UH~:outer
,AItema,tj,velYtIL ,new >f J £J ·. 1 1 · · · ~fn r:r : w e f a .u .u 1, 4 J." 1.
'F.,~",,",jL S~TO" l' '1,~1I.
]l I.., ,S{)'t Q,[~iJinal steel
b.tI' ~ed
(i~
~~em~
J ' . : i L P ~ tiM
'mrir)/i,S rfa.lf:es'.
'D ' "'"' ' . A.. . [Ile & a m e
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L,
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wl.I!i-1I'
lIfalwnm B) to ~mejMf'QI! th e xc xc ep ep t fo do,w do,wjm jm linle ,extra i~wck. m e r g e s ru.D'to tb tape r' b a ' l l e " DDd, DSlm ou IOO~letbess, TitIW,u,m is ,3 Ol ,9 ~'ta'b]e'i 'O D . i :you, De f e J U Y e I llll titi 'o g , nEine ,and ar U s IDI D " L 'O to relUiu the 's:pr,ing by .standar~, 'v,dves 'the 0ui~st pr in in g , e ~ p ' ~ , ~ttsfltmld w i r r e eircli f' J. ,. esi,gllll' Dsinl, ' s,s, pr e ac a c h : st st e iii SJinoe 'U llC' machinJ'I machinJ'I,g, ,g,ca1J ca1JJ'e J'e for is to lIlIIa.rruw'semj
lmpor~ll lm por~llmt mt u~n i s d· ~e i w,1"'. I t to " ' " k"'"~ "'"~'l'lme meDS DSl, l,O] O]- .AJ.~y l ~l "i ,u,u . O ' U , , ,t· spl!claL!measuring I~X'~,lu;es~ \~IjUleed It e' done '~y eye~ . A B _ s e m ro llite~ to cker 'tbe b e a d , nd o ; b s t C ' l N a th , jp' relative ro thtl' va th . e r o e ke th S!fU'Il b e b ~ l Y W , o :u:u r , o f ' th ke r . .,jp' m o o h aJ aJ i s m o 'p'p a ra ra ' o o U itit e , c l o . s e d '~O ~ h e ' : f U J U ~ · ha:[u:l ro m i T I ' ositio:ll" IfIf [b s b : ~ m is '&00 w1n,g1 the f;om,ta;ct point
,f! r lili ~ s , re re m ,f~ too
jMrr O'~
,Ii~e,lli'r~~r ' Q ! i " l l
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rlilff. "(:). ra
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40
nd t n U n g : s e U O 'P 'P 8 ,n, the. e ig ig h t p ,r,r oj oj ec ec i-i- ' 'e d f t o m be w t m l.l. 'e
Q,lle8
!{ th ~',/!f
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S'prlQg
p : i n bears ,ooly on !B
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N1 . 5 I u ! s , c . l J I .
IO'~H~ H~,V ,V", ", C,!,'LJND13:'ft, HH,AJlti ,.~.TTBNT,~cni OI IO'~ ~01U~,ilE ~01U~,ilE
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V A l(l( .... v, v, E
~ct 'pO~ Te
CE
'W.I\L'''iE
~1~~L'ifT i fT ~VAbVe, AT ~1~~L'
move'
;IJ.....
,OO:IIi ,OO:IIi"W3I "W3I,u ,u S! 31;3,
~;.t.."..,
'·
"u~ ..•. U!!grI.'m.; Il too :9 OI~ii
0'9111 lD
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in t h Q lplp p o s , t e id i r - e c t i o D r P ,If th o u m r cu of"tlle roelr.. ls fiUe wilth ' s c r e w ~ d a_dju$~'er~,h i i B , r s h , o m J . d , J'f/-li/l' :po9ition b-eu.cU:y :iu llne w i t h ' t b e : 'y,w,ye stem :i t'ne IU J'f/-li/l' with h e o n a c p o d e a d 'CeJllt:r,uJ to lt s1;~m 1: 'D &Ime· m'DIV~ment· ' w i I I
Thel,e is Ii .ut:eUhrH'J,d tbs,t, s;mnd.al1d com,po'ClenU ' W i l l '1lIO~, .
fairllY eer eet
engine ' 1 l s m l :
bu
l,um~rO"d
u~J~el.oessi v,s Cl[J:ttlIJ,g:ii a . c ' k ; t b J e valve s e a i t s J ) I t r e : ~ c _ h e d lo i n. n. c 'o'o r r e ~ t " a ] 'v 'v ( s 01' d & W _ S l S c d :roe'ktll~ b o x ,e,e s l '" " """" "'"' m aU c o nt nt d br br o :t:t e D e t q ua ua m t,() illoormc:t, ,(lU:pnle[t~ in, o , ~ d ,, o w e r l l l m l U J . ' S o m J ~ r t i m e ! i ,,8 cure ' b e ' effectrd byan!Dn m m . , g ' t b e th 'RUtin· 'RUtin· bardcmed end~aps a'pprlDipria~,e t W . C k , i i i ness; io , ot ot h e e a se se s pa~killB 'up' th roelGer b O l : w i i I J de 'the
n m..e ~ m p aE aE ~ Ji Ji eeee , '-_U must b e ~ e. e . m 'e r e:r1ed '[ha.t h o w e v e r s t r O l l tllJD s,prmp ' m a x I D m t 1 m , 're,s~ue approorchoo tl1~ h:iVl~ h:iVl~ Ile58 Ile58 'm.a,' e, a n ~ . es es ; : m u Jr Jr gi gi L ! c! c! f sttcDgth over' that l1equired to re!'l;llm, .iI.. I'" f' l ' .r.r u " " ' M u n ,uyi& 1 1. 1. :.:. a: a: lt'':nus, ,I.m, 8; mQUllI,J!,.,0,:1 m e Y W'I..' M' M' es es t ~1 ;~. ~, • F: S i&
ay s e e m ,
--,iii,
POUl,
I~'D ne 'O',~
es su su re re , o r i f D eo ne re re a s ' th th e , ~ p ' r:r: in in g r es eo r been. f H ilil c t e U P i to l ne r . e a t sprin:gs sprin:gs ,m iru,W[e;d ,j this poirrtis nrl}S,t im,p D(IL~3Jm:~:i' As ~R th ,i is b e s t to cJleieiJl' the. assem b 1 : , th b a rr ~ C i a d '~DtJ~.R'D, ra t o n rr e O r p is i s to to n R'D, neoess,ary a l e ra Chll:p-~el'X~ alIve beeD!::eft'er;.ted~,th~ de wi StlW m . od od ifi f ie ie ,,aa titi oooo ' m a . b e : [ e qu qu irir e t o 'obtain th correct WDl,p WDl,pfe8 fe8sio sion. n. ratie ratie '~O ensure t h a t the w ; [ v ( > a [ ~ ~ u · a . n c e re deep 6 1 1 H ) U 8 b and the :'p t u : : k m , " • im the: :plstDi~le r e w n c o r rr- e c t r l d iu iu ; s.s. , ' T h ~ c0r~edeQm'p.r.,esli,oD [ , a m i a d e p e n d s , t],'POJD th , c y U n . d e r ,ype , ype of f U J e ' n ~ 1 I l 1 1 ' t e r t i al ,of tbe b e a d , a n d , ma.Q o t ' b e r ~.:pae~'~"1 i~'CmJj; sueb, as s,tn')ke--'bo~e r a t i ; o , efre.ertiiwnas! o f induJe\,,; t iioo n S Y5 Y 5 ,t,t cm cm ~ Q n d , so ,ro,r 'btl' b;tI:l ' t h e f o U c n v i J D S ' ta ta . b l g i v es es , ra~~,ro'xi~a'~: , p U , , ( . h = . "0 tbll f a b o ~ w h i c h CIJ), 'b ' D m D p , j Q ' Y t d J 'W:1tb. S J a f e t y Q\"b.." I I ~ engines under ,racing 'CGl.mtm'DmlI, W h C D nsi'~I, O ' . b o ~ b~ b~ { ,olth,ough ,they means , m e J S E , lui'tab I· ,mpIeSelllt the w]l.u'WJi'le" er :Decessari~J. the: . -iii' e=
4~~Jf~'~-
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iQrilhlder
caPll~~~;Y
:lSCI 3501
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t b l e i w ' b o l e 'r th ' " a l v B gear,. ' w b d . o b . is bllely' w be be r bBnd
,~ !w'P revs.,
at flill 'lift 'b~twe~.D h e V a v e guide ,and,
Th
8 p \ F i l l l ; g ; COUS'f
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e: "!f~iIi"U T"~iI_~ T "~iI_~ ~lla~·
10- ~ 'PiiO ~ _ "=" = l!l ! J '8'·~ ,;;_~'I'Q'1i' ~~~I coil ..banllA,' b anllA,'
mu oi nf~f.m'ch might'
,3'~ fuU,
chee:k~d_" This Sihou~.d be
full
the: 11~lO~O\r.:):) oycr:..te-vverl the pma "sl'w: 'wijl stand m . : p 't i m p a c t of' that
IQ!Ocut
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~.
,p[f' 'I
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r/r~ ,hsre/it~ 01 IQ IIJghr:, lr;jm.p'e~dQ~ lost' if pb;~~ 61JJ' l:he,nM,ulttlJd C O m / ; ' u B l ! . f J / ~ ~ ~1!4:ee.6~nl~~ ~rQrl~d", WifltllJl' jJs,lter ,mul:,:s wilt blf. atl~m"e;d' atl~m"e;d' 'Ivllll #i4 , lQlQ ' W B F
p,is,r,o.n
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P ': HE n
rOI' 'VeTY S: O.rt... i S · t a n O B
,'vents, I O . r ' wmLll fuel, .m ca RadoS! hj,gb ,a 16 be used with fu.~~9 8 \l c a s if !! '~': -.c.thre. o f 8.h~Jl,uA'···~l.A,~Pjj uel,,' If I,me m e ~ ~ , cylinder sitzel} 'b those u m square ~, cb lb 'barre and St1' Ok'l UC e qu al , o r n ea rl y so-tbe piston ilial the. ; 5 , 0 0 - ' ~ ~ IB n,d such -r,o.olUDced d , a m ' _ Io of m i 11l;,1i n. c h a m b e r b e c o m e s nm vourable '[IIJI , g o o d !OOI~sbus ·OD.. SlICll cases e r e su l m a y o b t a i n e d by kipiD to , 1 , . . [ O . f course)J d e o e ~ . ft l! .J s e(1])' Oil 8 - " , y , ,~ratio th 'ir,uo,l mzo l, be met! wilh rati .:.u_habLi e:D~D will 1]0 give. m:ucb m , o _ plo~w.·:r-.it will simpl~y fIlD it· w a 1 y . , ~ 01 p ~u . ~ , ol~r' b J~ : g iv e b1 ITIMs lubject aD bas· :1 :5·1 io ,oled 'to ift fLXt e ba .p ' rill v ,a l , e ie a n U 1 .- C · tb e em p re s i o r a fUl ,B z,-e ~ O f f C c t ·tbtar~sta,.,e·ark 0 1 1 . b e h e be c o m m e n c e d [,1 polishing U}]·~I.-_Jvestems w m 't b d :. l . s. mooth c O L r y -:~o·. ( n a b b e d Qlo:ng th l u r - r a = ' ~ [ j lno round ~t)and ~ h - g r in d ~ ll \g in im th normal maDlle~~bu .1 in·. 0,i l m . . abrasive, 6nishi . " L h p o w d . r e d TI r 'l ;- e ,y ~ t o l ' : o r ~ 'e t':I~ poli'sh to l~ b~a,in of re ]~ sm (lilb 'inp ti.rtdy fte· f ro ' r , d;:e'S ,o I ' r [ Q ' O i V 1 e S , . c · n· .·,11 ct·.. ,aJVI_' seal.,. Durin., oc 'IS lii.-dD_ ' S - o W tb~ ed ,S cI.f t.I!~ i l 1 ~ · , i d t hr ou gh , n)UI ise,e 11Ige gl)~ w i l l , ucrease slliighUy in "idt,h ~an thous., at hlch it is D O U ' b. , r W I Jo'r [t 8 o m , t im e · \Virtboiut undn h a m m c r i n , 1 b a l ' . It is fl o s e il la t 50\', 'g : r : : h e _ r h a _ ,rigid '£h.. valve S r I ! ) Ula'l it ea i m e I f nee~y~' n Ib , · .SltIICtiOID cu DID" w oo d d L fill th ' b r n ; J h o g h . n eC ' C 5 l5 8 f J to p,I,,· d i o p i o f B:'-,',"_ th p o li sh .a d \ ia J v· ' ". ,0 IOlbta:w lu:licicn'n .gri[' 'tol tMI] it.. A no th e n ~e th .o d is to 'push .plie.ce ol tb 'Ii,;-,, t...;fi_tung eaa'\I!)' ·,..,tined o s u li nm , "euveen th nan,ds eillhe'r b i s[~-m cil1ate I f J 1 I l l d i n g b~V i n c e n t v~ves Ik bam· D~ in p l a c : e , fOf' 'I-h_ lo\\',e:r ,one iS '[ S D . l o r t ~. p i d e nus.t to l o ci re , _ . w \ l r e ,aetUria~lJ hy~'t.se1f~nlld is uot in,tended!
,.1,
to
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T'O"
V'Llll;ji'O-
El It~
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After ,grinding: In ' w a s a w _ y of br witJll petrol Off,.QlaBin, m e drop of c l e a n m ia ee a o i an th seats'j and a ss em l b I e a e h valve in Il.u:ro"---'nrst a p p .J y iQ g s o m e
mimim'( m , g r a p h i m d rlJDmn .. o om ' dl th Bt'- SI the risk D lt 's eo 'r in g o · r - , p w c l ki ng ~ l l w h , e D th cOline is first sial ted, M a k e sure '61a, ·tIl spillt conets ar p a u p oonecUy'. a nd ~ a ft e fitting the s p ri ng s ' w it h , the. · t h e imv~uabie T!I!ffY s p x : m : g Om p $ &D r~ . shop m :d a part cQ'id.pm'B'Dt-' oth I C 1 r J r . · ets l a r e 'bu'd againd th rily J l
th s_~m
L,.",. ICDi IOD·~. .' ,UiU_
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ca
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-I,· D n t h - ap e r I-I' I l W , Q hght 'bkllws .ide. 'maltl o r : '~ ,. . :. : ~ of s mm er oo l d J O D I ·tll. s . P ; r i n , g : cap (MI __-," , d v e '.tlm) wi u s u a U , Y jar : us I0 m b t, ' w n t :f'e:.in IBD, ( l cr u b [ ' . a s , _ L I D , lib o f !b · c o . Y " ~QSi'[tiODII If i' tl~ spri_i,~.:C4P it is I~"fl - . b_for D l t__v ,w v Ito lapl ". £Sit ce " 'o I M b o :_ ' b c p os L O I OD iD sterno in o r - d i D D l " Y ' v : a h " " " p d i n , g , :Plli'~:, ,:livLI th ,~ ·lBI: ..1 15'L;LCILCU~ lti.:. Cll-Q ~p ~mG·m_·:.::. eeom WD , · W ! ( J. V I O O and Iclcso up :fore 'reassemblJ' . . . _ d then ~ e · n so -u te 1 1 8\m·.1~, Dl by using .g '[ S;~ 'that' '. c· is aetna]]] 'Y sea' in the IDO..''II. IBRd e s. t1 io s , 1 I ) I s 1 . y in ie re 'S p ro v id e - ,i n spU~ ·SlJlfe ol,f lh_ v,_J¥a'; .rio,_ ls Io theDl~ -= colRea w h o , D . th 'Occasional. ease valves d:r-oplP~ml l2 it I t h i s · f a l ' ol'i b ·serve - · IU"US p O l l i l i t' '1',",,'k.1-... t ': -~ ~ -;i;f'·· WU~IG ~O lJJ ll['. tell US,U l iL !U J 4 , r.
I~
dJ;ldn:' ,assemnb' S p l 1 1 L Ie'·B ets, ar _b, Th 'WJ.!L·otllll~' ' .· n O D
. , _ ,. 1
u p p l i e d in pain" p'~y
QJli
. ~ Iw... ,. 'DOD' r-cquiredll thaD _ pa ra t d J m o h e s m a ll . b u r W , . cat cleaned up prio to ftUing Mix~ up split cell :t in... V,-"VBI ,.rai1lur~~though I d b ~ ri m ,~ D a J t e ] i 1 S f ro i t f s ou r '~ ay tate · o m e t im . e tO dewlap.. 'Iead Ith,_.' b a c k gf [ t O e · Ie :1 to.' Finally; dOD,'lt lea:· ll o r P I mtll dllst iiUild s w a n l l S m l e l ! l ' .~ie~. miglltly " l n s : i a l l {b.le pO'·, aD black: the' ill,0" 'with :pieces, Ct~8 .'[h...
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ci!n~,msw.oo~ Ow'lns ',0 'tbe : s ] ) o , : - - : 1 1 of lC)om.busrt]a,n f J h a m J b e l : , it ~9 im~ os.sible ~D IClbwl1 s u , e h , ,w_' c :'cylodel ia dOl i ;1 l . , d .v a ' w i t l ~ , o ' l l ! t :fe'S- n e a l l breath,... i ~ . , f J ,ilb U i t : . .. . .. .1.b o , u , ' t '~ 'being as b:i\s;h O i l l. e c a r f " e a c h . - - - I a n d it D l i u s t I W 2y 3 'II!... ",t·' r em e m 'It.. t m d" tU'~:. l 0 , " , ,1\.",,",
,actua~
:nletJaWeil CQ~mpIRs$iloD f , a t t , O I ",mch 1 C ' . o u m U 3 ~ th prefWR q/ tl,'€' lim ill h e m d o f ~,be 'oQ,mpmS['OB st~ol{e,", This,
d e p e n d s as m 'U cb . u .p cu _ h e 611to ,pedection ,o ,IS, 0(1, die rau'o; ' l t e : r r e f c m e : 'S! Sl~j'~) . R n n J i r t J f : ' 1 ~lt!utzcler,t"/le life J'92~~S:i' , s ; t 1 1 i l ~f de.Jtp stJ~l$la:t.l(iry ~ h ~ o( j/ ~1 1f g m ' l 1 , r l m J : w l , t l m / J f.'imillll' f ' l l ' - B J ~ ,QR
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with the same 'tllume IDI, 'w and~ there ore, 'the sme co'm:prmn:;,i 1 1 " , .A quilteR. mb o f fimr,e:n't used th s a m e b o r e dia meters,- 74 m m . , ~ns:taJle~ p op u 10([' 3 , S i ( ' j Ic~e.p()wer J J I D ;-j't I s o f e n po,sli le f o m : t g n pJttO'l[L ,o di1iefm't 'praporli,Q,ns te .0 u ti l z e stan le an b e a m at beU-elf rep~ac thelie'by shape eembustion l:am,ber~; Unle~1shJms are alretuiy '6 ned ' u I H : 1 e T ttu~~o . t r e : t fi a.np th u su a 1 Il 1! et ho d ,of ' f f u : ! l a U ~ i 'a dJust; n:l d , , e , .ltlo b,' sbolt:ening e to o g- u '.'he;bltm1 if!l~ ID'D'D'UB great ,·a~ and Wo~COhDmJll rem,uuting be : s l v 1 e d by ' w a k U r u g up table showhl;l, llille C__ .. a n d , l e q o . i alent Qo.m,'RuiJCiD space a n d , de~etltLiJm ig :8 'fcl~]w s b e dift7eRnta in butcl e,e, ,length ' w b i ~ h iUS leq~Ui ~!l
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W~)Ik'i~,th m a i n o i b je c ti v 'e J ~it iS b e n e r to choose w b b , ' ~ _ _ n ,SU.ilt th o C ta ne : Y fl lu e ,o 'lh~ ,fuel maolooc :lllorm.aUy (~'b nima.'b 16 in, th ar ' w : h e m octane ra:ti.m,,~e n , g m m ; , used; a n i ns t3 l: nc e Q( th effect, in the, 1 ~ 9 , 3 9 ' T ' ~ T ~ : r 9 l c e s '"due'b l o o U : ~ d 'l(tS ',JO o f a ~ o n .d , : 8 , ' 'Qcta:nc 'D[llng S C f , 5 0 'peb-ol-beu,(l,Le m J U x ; L " u r e w i l e n , ' l U S ; W S 'POO1l r~\tlim& b a d , 'tOI be dr1o'pped d o w n ' & 0 , 't, p;;troi '2 , o ' C I b m " S j w , h i c b , w , a s the l e , m I y f u @ : ~ parmitted in ] , 1 9 4 1 ' '~y ' t h e F,.I.M,,, : r e g u i l . a ' t i o ' D s " S m . c e B e ; u , h e , r e , g u l l a > t i o f t s bave bee'll : ( P F O , g r - . e s s j v e l , II'-' mea,l.od th,le ' IlIquiremeJlt in 1 . 9 5 ' 9 is (bat 't~~e'n!Jel : m , u s t be onI" of ithe 'belt, ,quaUty oommer.ciall;y obwD.a:ble .m the t;itJ''UD'Uy' w h e r e '1!1l~ a e s , 'being cond'u,e~e-d'[j bUltiu, 11 ICI;se :101lm1 0 0 O d B D I e ; , ltesearob method" T h i wes OU~ th U J O / , i 3 0 v io " li o i p S Dl iD c wbjlch p e f i m i t b e d rol" l e v e n ~H aJ~~OIWI lJ;no9J lo U J ' i " to Fo I. mcm,g'" be used :W in fact ' ~ , O O octane tu-c'l. it a va nB b le " T hi :! ; m a y ' oo be IccnJ'rse~, aU count rles : m d , where I" ' P \ m l l I P I ' P r i D o ' i 1 " i - ~ I I Q '~::,n'n'i!!' C o i l] ;! ji i ho... - · be '!I """",;g't p i " , i f t ,u;: .tI._; :l._. t._..:.1 '-i!ll;d;'-l ~ QL~~~LJqif 'u iI!;L.tIi I IJ iL J ~ J U lu ~ 1 'IJI~ .p
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~ C ~OImS 0,:0 the i[ljdu~1i'~):D,p i , p e s " Methyl ,al(:{,]m~ (melba ~(1) b~,s_ greate ~o~liDg~ I ~ J a ~ ~ t th thee: l l e s 1 i ~ r . , ' t l S J e d etlryl' aleo.h,o~~,ethano,l)~ but Ul ,eimer c a t h rle-8~dt is tO ,ru.h:nv ,grater wfei,gbt of ai ' t e l be h1,dueed~ since cold air is! : a J . i r ~ This ilmprocives, b ea ' ha effie};. g~d, a s ~ , mixtnre w ~ m 1 'tolerate ' v W } e~~y ,l th ,ruSh compressio rano I~D, ~.blll can b~ 'b urn at til 'bj,l-her effiCiency. in t l1 e o , ~ P ': e ~ : Jnerease in power s b o ' m ~ d . ,great :IS, b~ obtained In practiloo th m C - l f a se is IJJO;t m n g h , t b e M p e c [ , e d partly because the engine ,mltlSlt be b .a . e m" o g h g m v e . g,cHJd buming a n ' tb J s o f l~ e U b) some e:xtent ·tbe cooling e H o the ale j) I O l m ' i Aj,c~ibo' e n l g w n e s , n J [c - ,~ r o n e t o 'b~ ~ l u~ i :s :h u D d ] £ ~ l ] w'lrmec1,~'JJp &n U S ' U I U y UU p ~ r f , f] ' r b e s t '\Vitti, ~ . l. tm ' t e d J I c y H J n l, c le - f ' '00 Olli:Dg'~ tW fuel wghpe:rfo:rm8'uee from is, lP~'rticulmly :suitabJia fo seuing w j t o r~ H iD !a r ba.rrels ,~lD-d b e a d s i f ' ! ll e s ~ tr o k is l o nl ~ r ' tl 1 &' m l ' b r u _ ' tompr:-eSd,QrD ' W I & , O U £ ~pIDilin,~.th ,c m,bTJ8UOD m,'UJo blJl:med cbnmbe:jj"
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,e: 11 ,al~er 'thb ract I ,u d k e u s o f realolts ou'(iiru~d ,abo\/1e,. m , c r e u 'e s ,~',c -Q ,e io Qi ier; ,'n ~ 'I f'- e ea o.:r~,-~ova ue 101' IJ co '0 Is 'rsry ,much power ~LD;wer u ! u , n that l o , : f ' ' p e t r o l an f'o:(" the s am e a m ou n d ! e l V c ~ ! D ' p e d < t h e oonsum,ptio':tl ls high er u, to mu serious tWOI 0" even thooe ~times,,as g r e m J t i ' ' T b m is na t u m U y m a t te r m _~ o l n, g istanee 'racin,I, pa o m th mane lo it, o t ; @ J l ' i i] s , e . m t h e r expease, 'ast tank c a , p a , c i ~ y 0 , [ [ , to 'mu.'y Yu Pl~t SOOPS"t b~t. ccmpremlse a I D e : o h o l b l en d r : s' U ~ b.,a,s, er IC61lt m e t b a n o l , ~ p B r oont ts me'tham.,oi~ benzole and 110pet c @ u t p e t r o '~ i t Of' equal benzole iindpe~r'c'~ w b l e h 'win ru '!l~ g~'tisractor1f.y with The ,S reasonable Ict'!osumpd.on I:t r,~ti.os; , o t ' ~,Oor i], , t v,arious ail companie used 'to ~upp]y sueh blmda ready~
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mi ita 'the5J~m J 1 h their I l P . p r oNima.w, ,analysu an o o ' m ,,~rio.D. fa D ,S , , 0 .; , ~ , S l (n _ I , D g e . 181'tbut, this, p i m ' e t ~ c e o o,w teased in E Dg la ud . b R te a .: -~ ." .c !_ ' . . ·,"'~~P0Ull ! l l l , P P U e s '~a~s ~ ln d ard llIsDQ mc\bam"oi, and acetcne, also q U D t e d [ ill. tb~, rudsl,~w l U c1 l l ' e a b'h~]lded. with petro,i :dd/'or belUJole WI m a k e t U l r O O mixture. B l c ] I l J a h i e : m e J . t h a u o l with petnl,l is Dot I q W t e : :I 5t ai f ' O f W i f i ma:tl~cf~,ile ' m g 1 h B n . O I ~ , :m.us:! 'be ,t the C J l u a l i ~ y k n o , ' ' J i even dum, it ' w U l atl , a n h : Y 1 d : f ! o , n s " 0[ dr blendm l O W ) , mix 'with 5 , o m e typC$ IQf petro') ben.., :0 prolpomlon z o l , e : equal to tha.t lo ' t h e petrol n d d , e d , aB w e . l t Aootoue! b e~ ,i de s, b ~ m \ g f ue l iD itse](~ is ,help ~D prev1mtimg 'the c o :l st il bl e: n .t s f re m :separa:UnI o , u n m f l ~ e r ' : m i : h i I i , ! ' and. S O D U } :f '~hlpreS~Jlt-dDY p g b i o l b , with this: h~~p~ ' w i L W . IIJ.lx with m e t h l D o l w i tf fi lO ' u t he ' ,add w d O J i J IO 'bebo[elt The 'point e;;ln [ m l , :Y S ehtckBd, by r m d U ! r n S ,a trial an lobs.ervio,g 'whedier 'tLu~ nq(wds settle iDl~D tw l a : y e r s Do ,af~ef.'5 ,t.a'mdi n,l fo;r w'hUe. F , o sprwl '.clrk. w h e T l e ,9 hiP. CO'DS,lIllmptiao c a toler. I t t e d it became , r a ; s ' h i o D . a b l e to empiory ' m t r - o . .metban!c 1 8 : 11 1 B dd i d O 'to' a lc oh o l f ue l t hi s ,compound C O I : n t a m s , ltDlIe!"CfiS, lo o 'Q ,g e \ \v bi c is liberntl'-Dl diitrdng c o m b u s , t n l o o nd , t b u s , Ila&b~es, :much, larg~r Ul0i~U'l'bof I'l.tohol tO be i b l1 n i, t ~ i n effec~, it :prcar\/,ldes 50Ft ,oil C~lmffi.CaJ sup erc a : r g i n S~and ~uch ~t& Me ~ r l o ' w n £ d upon by some raoe ', i,s,~b o w , e ~ ~ r p e rm i s& ~ bl e a l tile time \VT.it~g In sprm.1 l e v e n t S J " I but it feE] W m S I Cit r e f u l hMdl~nl,at all times'l IS, u a ke pe£r'o\~, alc.obo']1 it is Itb,emicnlljl nn.St4b'~e~ PO'!' 'tbat reas 011.", ,i :lSI D Q t t s U , pp m i e d ne t, but diluted ' W ' it h j!,!
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t""'" ~.'LI ~' 'L a: t D,ne IS. s Iz e ~ : & 1 l ! .W ~ O . 6 i &,1.... w e V~n"e '1 I_-~ w~ !;me an "oUletl P.[iCSS t b ~ e . H n e r [uto pla.c·e~, : m O i sU.bs~ ql!la~t ' b e r m s ' belt},:!: : r . e q u i t , e d , , " wc'1uded i n t h FaII:ge ,j!il, ,a. iI50
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Th;s· :limer 'is : s H ~ b . U - y · reduced in w l ' m e l e E ' ar he ID.iDwer :machined \\;rJ,th ,I, OO.'Ire-3l)O'l1J3 ..· the l!;yJilnder must Ln ·s ~e t h b e m " ,10 thflit th~[e il lll'OI possillillity, ,o:f' thf!' &ler~ w w c h h a t s DO 'flange. a r . t '{be. tep, b e i n g : l"uUm ,down t h " p ts !u m ' W e ; 1C'rI9J)kC\lse S ~ b O i E l I . d it e o m e loose or oeetrtfell!Ce is notllim.g short ,f B. Such:o 'ala:mity a n d : , 'In.ere 'ilssibl~,liD!er-.s s D . l o , U l d .aJ,w,a" prof b m l ~ at the U : P I l v i J d e d with n d 'w,mc·b C~Ul'be grIpped tnto
sei.z-e8 b a ; l U y . , er l , w e e D !
from mOlmg
a '0 1 d i I e C U " O D , .
and ' th u s p r ev en t the Inru-
EAR ~ItACTIC;ilu:r
t.. '~ ..Ji~'~ 'Ii... '1 1 0 .m- b ' w . 'L!' l ! i l e ~ , ' m.ust net ee 'ove:r,w.oo\!lJ OUare ufu.. l e D U " O O IC,u'ttinl out I.I1'r· 1501 d.c~cmanee ny , o j l - · b . ' o ~ f . SDdt p r o v i d e d li th 'b~ne,~ g f ~ 1 1 l a U . y ~ d ' O i t S w ' h i c ' b ma,,'
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i n: w a r,diS iDitO' 'dlre of fair'~.,Ui.i:D ~e-Cl;ioiml~aS Is fo m:stm~e. in M A C , V 1 e l , o o e t b e s . , it is wise' 'pInE th,t '~·'[ilerd l i a m D W f ,lot ·the I O W O l " end , 0 t li l. t it to ed hi j u s t th s m - m e · l[ze o v e . r 'the e ng t[ 1 o f tb:~ s k m _ AI b o r ~ D . ow' m o b it is p r , e ~ 5 W e d . . Thi8 e U m m a . t e s Itbe dID,g'Cif m e :5,Idr~ d e v e J o p m 's e m i C : k ' w h e n i ; m c r is p r f e , s =( t.b_e:skirt:
Icmm~=;se-
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'Ul~ bllT'lie~- w ' l i n c D . p ro je c
long;
mto pOIU10'n. .. In Id ental ~y liners, in alum : i n i 1 l l l m e;ylindlcrs ShOll_~'d '~ f.'airly ,thick..........;o'o t less 'than i: n., J,H"eftr,n.'b1:y more-to r e s i s t m l t Q 1 f li o ' . , bu ' w b . e m ~8.ed. in an m o o , barrel dley 'may as in, ,P-ravid'6d ;8. ~OCiJ!,[dn1 g · 'be. made p:r,esem:t an w.t'trfereICe S: ' w h l e D . i ~ c' ld , o . 00 1 ,. . I ' D . ; iS s.u1icient i:rrespective of ma:me1,e-r as the llneris bound 'to b0tb~r 'than 'the a ,c ke , w h e e,VQr m nm l · l I u ~.wi ~ o o s o o . lu. , u l . U J m i J r d u . m . j.ack,e~5 a . ; gr e at e r "Il;t,em:r~,fmce :i r ne q. wu d a n allowance must ':iltiILde f b , : [ ' tllJe · b J g b . e x P l '' ' .i
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A!NO '~ItCE. OI ,~f!l.OOVE. MUST' 'EifE Ir-ACIEO OH Fl!,J'iH TO 'I,;"O~ fA. N"r
G~fI'
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~JI.de an elkdibb c " U h e r tipt ,!i',pots t,o w i ~ e . pr-eca.'U ,it is t R e re fO ' I --,one tbe l o u t initially :2 or 3· t b . o ' J L 1 " smll( ,ud, r e , , , , h O D e s ho r P 0 ad , D I , r IUll-ID.im,I"· ,~jliPOI~n'~JCIr l e , e o r r e e t s i i z e Bftl!r' o~,dor sUlbtl Ii;uld,erl~ :ilu 'M'm S i h o \ ~ n . Q \ b o v e : i s ·8 s wm p l m e lb .o d CM'~... I c r j u'\\'e»a.tmg InJD. blllU,e1 b o r m n g it IQU't and fl~ting' ; ~ fb t ur tUUf" w m c h cn m a d r o any' g'Den' pade or cast ut prefer'''' , ~ : b ; l y ' Blft. a J 1 ( 1 · Y c d . ilOll G D I l 1 ~ M r n i l1 \ 1 l, to 3 ° ; { . , nickc1~ T h e : im,p-ortBnt po'int eo '.,atch IS ,sq~luu·~n,essof the sh!omJd.~r and U n e t · to avoid, a D ! Y s m nb la ne e o f g a. p . : ~f P f \ O I J e I ' 1 y (I,OIU= the' jemt. b e a lm o s t i D l v l ; S i b l , ( C . and will. m n un l S . C I I~rvh~ie~ '~apered Q,fe5 T J h , l 8 ; u i e k e s n l e - t h a d ! o f , t r u i n . g 'u wio,m, is b y m ea n I~;f ,cyllinder h o a e w h i i c h , ca 'rotated nd OR, eitber under rit=i.p.roOl'ted in tile 3!. dhr.iLllt ll.g malch;ii~lle sometimes bo ws
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'T'UN'IN
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B a n d . .l a :p i p [n g in o,bmln Il perfect tln~Sb. OF to clean up s J i . , g h ' t l y damag,ed, 'I O M i t : d ~ s c_ Q f1 d e dp . r u s t o m be d o n e ~V:i• spl;.t in ll1~lvesand expaadad b y w o spr:rings, su.pped! o v e r th pdg~OD,bosses. MOM.ted, 0 ' 0 . ~n old. : 1 : 0 < 1 1 or ,I p i i e e - e 'w'Dod~ 'tl,i's , d e - r i e e Is 'pushed up a n d , dO\m l [ h , e t } , m - e : l "b,y mndl 'partiai rotatien at , e a ~ b ' su ' o t e- , t h , a" b rr a 's,wvebe:in'-. Hour ,emery m;xedl \'villi oil If milch, .metal ha-s !-'.(]I b e O O nt ( w d " an D l e . t a l poUsb, f O . 1 " o l~ J~ g ; a b r r , a s j j y - e 'm;lU.'t of I C J O l m s c , n a H . e lm ' m , _ m u te d ,A11traces, 'L~u ~"!Ii~pr-·Jl'Ii'1 I~p-'~It. ~!it..I:·'" 'mit!· olea J' o'oIi~,,"~i 'iIl.!Il.J. [f t h i i tr C t d: ro ,e n t is ,Iprp'lil:ii side-valve barr,e~s ,3 h·oUow ~ " r u ' ~ SOlnBE l m e s be D:oticed .~D, th u r d J m J ' o c n ~ , tOI the tj'
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en bOll tlb.e barrel
e x_ ' 1a: . .a. U S 'l -V - ~1~l by ,: ep o r t . ; niII''''''::'' u s . I a. : ~ n s n .t.1;...... hat,
e r m e d l"""","D u w :a . d s a n h e bumn .,.!, ~A fllhv· JJ..~-.;J .lul I.J.lJ ~Jie b e a D . :mbibed, a w , a y by ( h e : p ! ~ 1 l 0 ' n ' W h e n ' o o l d L j l of , ! 3 I C M l l f S e " the ~ O ( r m ~ E b~m:p Ie," no a"ppwrs, t. ~,I bellow I' an ~~ oontmue 'liappmg In a n , at te m p t t o leii~ate 'b tm o t If dlIt,t : W ' S d o ,n e t h bump 'Willll!'~p,pear whem ·the· en,gi.nc 'W,aImS up an :milYcause trOll le if fWl-lthroule it ap,li,ed] 'wl'thOtU, ellgf_hy' p r e l i m . h t D . 1 j I f tl ll nm g . - 'i ' ' lp t ti o d . . . Enc),osuI0 o f ~ d d e ' V al ve s in .lm:ge ' b o x : e s , whlch. , e l l minate :to,1 a re a b a d f r o m the i D O O . t m , g : , a s p m ; t ~ , nd il s ' u c b 1ibenllUy drilled, a n d : f i: ~ t e d .' w l t eases t'hc :CDYCr,fJr s - h c n i l f ~ d 'Dow of' I[r tluougb h e 1 1 'Ie scoops orde:r to i mu la t r,a.Uy th covers ,c:lu~s·t:;th :lns.: som,t/times, pook,~t o f a .i ' i s 'the ",1:1 c'hest el'~tl'v~, :~!i th ,stapa 't'be a~ l b a r d . e r to hea't diui patio]]" F'or !mort,..distanct! efWDrm vrith aJctJhol ruel-gfass", nd b a ~ ' 1 ~ M : S , re : n . o t dirt~tr.a,ckimg, a n p r D ; w'ork~eep n~=HaQ' (rea e,I[,S, in r e m e m b G r l lb c e 'a :r ~ y d ir t b,aek p()'W!~r umi'U:;., 'whi,ch orlpt , om e m . . sha~D jt)~ bu:t, " i h c : m , read raeil1&"comp1ete ' w i d a m u d g u a r d s " barrel c o a r i ' m , g -~: m . e - s W O ' r . ~ 9 ~, a t h s p e e d s become h l ,g b e r , d u ~ = to 'the ~,il,d e a d . h·ee;] ml;~om 'belli'ltd the f f i O ' J l l t . . w ,slsem'bty ' b e e o i m m u pr no nc n e tb u s o l t l D ~ 'Up d ; i a m e : t e r i w h i ~ h wcnlld be f' p r o , h . i b i u v e 'W e,igh,t, lin ir-o an are~ '~Jtelerore~, m a d e ..:iI~i!'+.nr·ts:
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'Por nyone MU nUle skiU in l a d i l e : w 'o r t be r ;'s 1 1 0 1 o . g o f so lid g r e a ~ ,dlmCtd'ly i n m a 'k iO i g lj,P la 'bi~mebl b a c a st in g ' l o r 'better' stillj.. fo.fle bu C I . " Ugbt aUoy. ''lith th~. 1~;'-iI!!I t-'ni'iii"n.tl~1 LUJIl~
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VBlrlC'ry.,
speedll'~ 'the
us~g fOtl pEefemnce la m n p :t e c a rb i d e '£001 a : n . d ; f e e d '0 F.eVOlu.ti6D~ a s : s, m .c c e s s l m ~ b o o t '~g'IL['MenOO , a \ b o , u . t Jl@,31D~ he~;weeD 'liner and b~'rrel d e p m~ , v e Iarl:eQ' u.po:n. the' 'AP!r~fi;IiI':i,n':n1 Ir-¥~ 1 1b - L 1 v -
lEi.... t . . . . ,'f:.. ,IJJUJU~
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The actual !com,positialJj, of tbJ;'~,altoy 6,3,
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exoopt
: S o ' fa thermal ' e x p m : s i O D . "tbe I G o e f f i c ' i i e n · t v ar ie s . . High. expansion rates M e D .O j a d v a . n [ t a \I ' O o u s ~ and thls r e p ec t t h ms:gnmi:Wl1 , a U o . y s : m d the L 5 a lu m in lu m alloy ~).)im.mon1y used -rO.r genemlleal\S:ting~, Lm the ~'Dl'st E l i g h - S . . lO O aUoy,! to th lot at , . 0 0 0 0 2 6 1 ill..er de,grell specm'cadoo 'L33 ar lb~e:,~ ·owest at. O O O O ~ I ~ ~ ~ ~ but ,mot ~l-ex JI tbe ;a.lloy f r o m w i l l e b m e s t D i uJ ! a ,r , :E1IiIlachine w e n . .
poor, and,
iU
but, ' m m d ell, ha th sante coeffie:i,cml as well, e s p e c i , f l U y 'if m~'1'-l low ..C e m . p e m t u f , ' h ' Ga ' l" U 'e B ,t m e fi t , o r 1 0 hour a. .~0° ,c com'pnlmi.se ~s,aft'::otclccl. b y - a l I D . o y 'Of :It, ~50I' The c o ef fi c: ie ;o ' , o ~ , O O O O , 2 2 mi'l w b i h e I l I [ m i 1 i: u with mapesium grOU,~iI1llm:h , B ~ r . f lj S a , b r : i , lb t ~'ii 1 0 1 ' " i .d o f t l' m r n : ~ u m 'slilht~y h i h e n d h a v e the a d d J t i t O l 1 a J 1 ad.vantag'S lo 'being, vlery resistan·£ 'm w[l''Osio~'1 e V e D . ea
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et
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b .f e~ , a t tllis ,~DCiU[y,. T h e p ro ce s is b a n d I e d ' W r e i t1 ; w l o r t h . ~ lS,ol~d L £ d " " , Ly,minstoD,j H a : [ J , m ] , I:re ,plf:epared. ~o to b a rr e ls , ' th e Dn_Sji '0" course, ha Vlng, to be subjlC~!.lib N\o~on a:~d seql(um'tlly turned 'by' the c'Usliom,erii ~clDS el , e q _ m p p o o J' !iA~P enf.inea l l t a v , e .l:rJ] m e 'uma ~I. AI-Fin 'n b a rr el s w i t finra, cast s i z e ' , T h e . m a m _~tents covering d l _ , e , p lG C e a r : t H d d '~y tbl Fairchil ,~vi tioll ~.I 'U"S~A 'th~mar Colf[pOlmli.O,,IlT Farmmgda]'le~ ley~rial llj. ccQ!cees opsm'adng .i &bo.t -and ,~tber CCI~ d!evelopment he b e e n tbe 'bonding-in ~ O l , ~alW!~,etU:~~tJ cu:t~ir,o:n I("'~ Ni :resii,t seat ins"m in cyJlind~r hMds~ : h ' e a t , filum, 'Ilhc thereby' o rb : a in im g e;ttc-r oo,:lduttloD. :illBed to b e _ h 'wi-[b shrunk-in m s : e r t s c ~ A f t e r considerable u s ~ - ! t ' . ; ~e b o ( ~ ~ in , a J . n u i i : r r u i . u m jacb:ts s u C \ h . a: 'eX'(etDl 'tba:t I t ' h e grip someUmes '~nere21se in 's upon the Un6l1' is msuilicilent; ma ~;']1.0W up by U l m e r 'lumin.g; in 'the jael(je'L either S8wm6 o r w , e n b ~ honed, 'Wfu.,Enl the lengine runnin 'tempc;DltW"e,~ the -bea:~ cond~tiv.lty b e , t w e e ' D . l i n e r and j a c k l O t ' v n m . very i~
ar,
oreove movement of th Iine rl~8islred. m a i m l j ~y 'the tnp f1a~[I,genstead ~y h e ~ P of th j,~cbt Tms lS likl~ly ' t o l t h Ban8~ to b r a k a wa y an 'the Ilaer to d ro p d k ~ . so looseness is suspected, then. either increased l l i a r . , B ' e r l i n - e r ' should be obt~ined lo i~he· in , s i Z e by c o p p e r - p T h a . t i " D . , ~ , :~r making' ;q-W,te SUf.e the:r·e; Is ,R eraek i l- ro ,m n d t h D a ng -e ~ 'Vinoont l l n e r s tam be S 1 U p p U e d . 0. 1 , 0 i n " oveniz on ,dmmet~~ e . bored to , ~ , I C 0 6 irn~ : Be fo t e , fI '~ ' Ii n ' b j :s ck e t s . n o : u l d ;s·maUer than tO liner
rc
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ICJ1]!:C J C .
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'tinnk, 'lbat ultra-wid clearances are e s S ' C D . t t a 1 or evea in aet, fo piston :ria 'ben'eficlal,; 'the,reverse eannot function p~op~lJ in :8 'piston wi:(b, an e-X!dess~ye '~ t O O ; t 'the mo ~ ' s 1 ! o ' p , " , W h e n e v e r the pit'tOD ,rtnsJ~ mstead ' O l r f b e in g J . cQolatc't tP/er 'thelr fuM :faoel'" large parlt widl'th, wU~ ' m a k e ,oo.]y edge contac OVe:Il"' '~
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P , 1ST'IO'N ,A N:D II
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their ciIicumferenee
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properlY,j ' b a ¥ t c d sbJlpe and mils w i l l up,wa:rd passlI'i dJindinls.h, their. ,e:f oil., Also, as 'lbe p b i t o o a:U;e[Dlltes in p05i ti fro,m side eo j ,d e o f ' th e I ba lT c~ .t~lerin,gs . 1 l : a v , e 'tmde.Ill~' to 1ilow it d ju t t o h e f Ii ct io n between them an t b l € l ring g r O O ~ ) i th 'tbe wll~ D!Ot. 'mom,en,b;rlly ad 'e'v,an. if their contaet ' b r J Q I ~ r e n ~ l h ~ _ ,~~ti~_~ is I.!: a , ~o_~je_~.. ~i.,: rlf .'·~!rILl. - G f ' T he se : ,ectJ ~ ; m ! ' WDPi'E:m~d. b y k ir t c le a: ra nc e iJ tlu~J , w a m el :e r s m e a sn re d ,U' rig/n a n,gks (0 "h IPldg,eel~j1!llt ' b e l o : ' w O m . ,a n_ " at 'the b0 t,wlm cap, :F t il e ' st i rSmoo th o w e preaent: ,ab-o,'ve 'the r m g s ~ t h ' e I l e ~ _ S J ! o ; ~ ' s h c nd d ! b e 'Vl~l,)" 1 i t J t ~ e ~1 ,ellpe,. ted to ,t~J a m i ' th l:~nds ' be tw e en , t b e C D Q I 1 i,old .I all and d t , Q w d l . ru ,' 'there u s , ci lc a r ,of tble barrel, CflDfWlli, '~ WpprotmhBd is :0 SllDIp! rise in tlem,pera:t\tm, p l og li o o s Y I Bl ~Y m aller It th m ~ n , d s nlawn ,t U [ j . i a e e 'this wainio ' U I I . , e l a b " a ble '£0' mllSU b)pl land 'tbe oo.mbus i o n ; r e l l t p o s e h e o , rb~e;te th f u L U :fu:r.y w b er -e c [o ~e - ' tI iU ], , a n w Il l i hi el d 1 _. ' s : r J ' , [ n J e eCl;,tcq 'Um.,e: 'the ,rings 'will. w · e a , t o
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im,pOf'tance 'beeausc h e p ir s~ O Dhis to ac,t a s h e p um p m . element f o t ll e m . d U C U Q U , Q S l t, e m _ ~ p - [ '8 's sm e s o f ' U , P ' to , ~ , ~ 'pel sq", are f D ' f ' C , l v e d , ; ' 0 . tb crankcase bli'ea'tUW , ey e l aDd, as there very JliUle il present nd , D , O , r i n g s , at al glD th , : d d l : r t l m k i l g e C I J : D O I , W _ y pre:veD'ted, 'b tb.,slatter betDi I m f Q l Y I , m f e L ! e n o e . , ,Bx~retl1~f l ' V . l m J 1 t y o s fit :aI~ o u 1 lads, 'to 1051 'Lhl:o,'IlSh 'the t m L 1 s f e r ports, r o : u o d I L l 1 l J ~pu,tLlll exlt8USt" I C o r u e q u e ' l l t l y ' s i d e s ; a,Dd O I J ' t thro{QQlh th -m:!IiI_~y s:ucb. :p.is~!ons,are grround ~ [ fc u1 a ,o wiUl ,Dot m e r e than th ,le) OD ,,00,3 in, camming]'~ ;and tlYlt eOIlC'em!triJ.'~ed. th :pd,8~CU'l b Q S s . e s ~ l :lea'lin,g th last: bl.,~ or so ' Q , r the skirt p a ra U e l I J] ,d . w , i t h , I c m r uc c to,f [ i O O l S '~O JjQ2 I n . . per' h l C ' b , o f d 1 ia m e g r T lh G ·b o e s o f , aj jr '- C o o le d : sp U : t. .S t in g le s ms;tort q w ' t e c o n s i d e f c o o ' 3 . ' b 1 y lOB a e e o u n t 0,[ the ,U "tll1ity ,o coooog Itne metal h e , ' t v v ~ e m 'tile, ' b o m s " t p a y l to m a . k e these pjstO'IU fmr'ly
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'~he1I!n~:used CD r.e ' 1 I J J I ' s t ' ~a k er l t o U l : a t 'tL\e i n g " ' " , p o ov in d e e p Cllil'O U,lb ;1~Ciecemmoda te '~h,ern., 1( 'm,~.y are .m C ' V l ~ S 'o'f a o r m a l d~ U t e .r e i r t i k e f f i i b O ' D II dla:t '[b . - r ; will stand PffHll!d 10.' th ring lands e V C D , wben forced d o w n , th'l C i & i o m , o ! r th e . I l" D O Y'6S", K D d . , in l i e r r i c e : ~ , rinft-fa~es wi[ ttLm forc~dl C'O' earry the .side 'tilrlUBt 'wbdcb 8bDU~d borne y' the pi81.01], i s 'eondiidoD m th o to inde=~ o i Y l ! d o , O I , t l l ! Is ' v e , r y ' d. mu f 1 e c t i f i e d 'b d ee p en in G t h g ro o ve s " , A D o d l e l P C l m ! t:&bout tlu~~5e n,p' _~ t h a t . , beiug s ti m " e r t he y 'will ~,~t c~~o~,' t~ -w,o,~~"0,1' OlViIll lbar.rel,q,ui'~e as freely' as wj~~t h e ~ i s hJ t i! r ''W1rietyi ,met it .i~,~d,vis~rbleo :ltp' them iu Yell re te fuJly to ensure ps-' tjsh'tness, if h e b a is no so p e r f e c t ,IlS it 'DiI.i,Plt be, In, ,Ilde-.·valve eo,gine and most m ' l o f " , s , t r . 1 ( 1 ,tes some ' b a u ~ T - e ] ,mstortion, ,~Ib o u n d . te ec I1r' due 'to, u n e q s ; t r i b u : l i , o l . ll l m e t a l a:nd 'v,arymg t~mpe:n.lui}es, around th e,UndeF and 'these motors It is ,:I. .,oo plan to eg 'the ri D g S s o the't, tIley ~-a:Rno, : F o m ; ~ , e in 'tb~, greoves, 'They the:D bed-ln dose~, )! 'tie pe wh will 'the cylim.der B'tta] :$ ' w h e ' C l '~·ru:UlDG: n n i 1 l W n . ,I,ood. g86.. t ig b :m e s , an d ! [l·trol ,e¥left when t&,\f! C]r'Under ha w O l m ap~preci;a·b!y. 'TW'(l"'S,'t:r(lke' rings a r pegg·ed '[O'I' a n ot h e r el SO i f l- it o ~nnSllfig In;tO 'we pOllftt aaa 'bc e c o m m g b lo ke o ) : a. m d'~ey' Me also graner,alIy m ad e w id e_ r in l;n~opomDD to thei depth t h B - l i I l . I , n m t : - s t r o : k . e r:in,p ,of equi'fale.n,t, diame't.ea~ 3fe
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t lu l' C ,a . ; t ~ ea s o n o f 'tbese errors '\vi~~ ossi bl a l f lu o o To a,v,uid prtiUm:g '(he' ro a b o u t ' l D 1 I 1 G O O S s a r i ~y,-I t h e Uuec checks ,should drst be m a d e si~ua'-i,on, carefllUy ,.ve.lghed uP:~o{b,erwise O'De t m a : y error. ma'king ~ n o t b a g e ' m e - , r [ l l rule first WO'JUl!~~ 'eliumna:te t.~st ,and then. set abeut ,~'ntml the Qcm:uali~y a,ud, parallelism '(he $ l m a l D . . e n d COITOOt. it :l ceftt~a:~,'but jn1cli.ned 'bald. the !rod 'close: to 'the' 8mal1-end~: It
"i Qff-.centr,e; and .mclincd iB t h, e s am e direetion, end near gr pp Ut b i : , g , " " e _ ; r n . d - ~ The, 'f\OO,s h o u l d never th 'bi,II:'"' g il d s le ev e w h e b ei ng ' ~ , e t ~ ~ ' ' f l U s , [acllon ~glll.J wt ,cant 'I:.. ee:ve, in .tt." tn il,., n.liie In erv,~,ce: o J ! WOUj-_,revert to Its, uQi'6 an be d,'o.n,e in ISetting d t i !o U ] ] d p . r e l c m ' b ; l str,m ~htenm:g, p r es s ' bu t r ~ G ' tha,t ,B s : t r - r O , m , gV , ] ' c e and ' t h r e e ; b o m t s an 'be: ' U s e d " 'tw·(lt 001:11:8 p l a M d , 00, De side, c,f'the 'rod. ODe bet,wecn t h e m :a an 'w'bere the 'bend h; 'r,eq,mred;,the balm should be o f ~ a r, ! d i am e re r E m d _ ~Qfl to , H v " o : i d , ~,loeHj idama,ge iO th red, AlteTna'~i"ely" narrow Itn"s o f h ic k b ro s ' C 3 ' ! ] be used 'with m U l c h less 'lJossibi'lit)' of da mlge;" he wi th se er or re in. O P : P D8i'~,e d l e e o n nOIt. ~ u J . . V £ ' to be se't at beth, ends eheek~:nl ouu:utrrels, for pm w,~ll~ S~nm'the I l 'I , d bcmui these i d e le ae an e : b et w e e : si m rd l. . pj8-~oD bosses. un '[be fairly , I e- n er o u s i ti s permi'8sible 'LOfBW- ,o DnG side o f ' m . b e thl! ,13rrers CRlmJo:l he eo:mcted otl1'Nise~ m - l l , - e n if rM}e~~d" b U l t 't is 'v~'ta!ly COfLside.mbtc pa'itie'!lloem~J be R . ' b ! a l h m : ~ e l y ' 'true:; evea i:m"poll1an~,ttl at th,e .-fC s l i l' b ; ~ M erro c~ have Se:r1'OU& ,elect, at r)" 'bJl'h , " : p ' ~ m R o d s 'which, 'Ilul:ve been s e t , l on : ly ' : s U J ; h .t .~ y o r m n , sho'w £ e J I, .a e n c y ' t o ~e thelr ,orie;i plo!si~iom,11 so [tlli,e;: es
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"t ,.005 : W l l ~b efare lleplac,ing' th bush P h . , o l p h o ( f bronze ,I il g b aH0YSi sueh as sual mtl!'tmaI 'but aD;y of It"It..56 O'I' R.Jt., 59 r. Dumlwnbn H~,which r . e m . ; r i s,tmn,l,th at lh 't:empei~tIlleslij mJm~e,ery gleed bearin,19, ~'D!d,s ave 'U
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a d y J a b ~ e to make ' ' U p iCO,m.. It 'Dooa'si~mal1y b ec om e 't e d e f l 1 l C ) p J e l t e l y m , e w c O J m o o t im , g -: ro d i , a n d , Illtller s m m , e tl o r 1 J ~ ®e r ,rigidli1~~ In r t lr i e o n n e ct lo n ' l u e b e ~ , ~dei~p"! tb,e :s~imp'le-st~ tht ifLtul21 of the ,I-'S~ction ,sho,.~dd 'b ltamipnsmall-end boss, ,and 'ta.per ,outwards, to 'Mdth, bil~en,d !eye'~ Circumf-e,rvm:tfa~, eq[uaj, eo th bore .iaiiml, of the 'b:ig~Ddl is lt ilrn;po~t:ant~B n d obtain t h i s witho(nt eX,oelsiw: weigil,t t b ~ ~ e b -a u . e ~11erODie ,o t w o , Id_p f I l O O 1 D , ! J r ig ht : a ro un d U t e , e,l/,e" Fo,r 'mlrteril,1~1 ,]01 ru lextrellL1cly- , g o o d ; and fo bes;t r e s , u ]l ts , ' th , c ' III V i b m c 'tl , ;' 0 ' . ihould be,roug 1 I 1 a c b i o l e d in tb soft state, 'tben heat r e a te d pOlijsbiJllg '& he e x t e . r i c n ~ '~'ODB ' 1 ~ e , : r n ~ H e , . :Sbo'lddtben b e , td g an s m a l l . . . nd aU ccmple.t!oo
rlJJ,DIi keJy to , p o u r J d , to s i z e ; ; Rods, 'whie'b l tr a . h . lgb .r-eV8, do not requhe a" s,t,ee~,of ihis nature &EiJd ~EI,beat...r e a t e d 1 t ; : ; f J J r b o , : n , " J l r l a D " p r n ' e ! , e ~tCiel to Sfje 'E :to 65 [1(lDS, 'tensne~ ,!iv,esa very g oo d [t~[ i s , 1; ,[ nn d u s ~ £ e 1 m ,a n Englis'b m a c m n e s btdlt after 194!5~, It Rn used :machin ed I n t h e f u n y heat.. t[e,ln~d :s~al~nd 'therefQ'lI~ don n o t t e q1 ll 1 ~f eto b e ; g r o u n d in th bores after hardening, w , h i c h . makes! 'the ma['l,ufB,ctura som,e;vfh~t ~jmplet.. Whe xt ,llllJJttl,essis sougbt, f h e l w e ~ gh t o f th~ b i , g : - - e n d l :sleeve ea sa;v,w by mrudn,g o d G m 5,%, m c k e ] , . . ; C m , o m e leas~:bar-deDio'l s ' ~ e e 1 J ' rca'S!'.. hardened tOI :mimm,um o f ~ 0 4 , n, in ' t h e bi,l~end i:Jy~ ott1.Y~ tb [ct:S;t ,glf' 'the, rod, 'b~1 bpt soft b: c o p p e r ati'ng 'be:fo~c cmrburiziDg., M,au,y tw,o'"'Slr'O'k,~ th:il,
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'WDiSslandard, prncnc6 In .Rud,lrCS f b r ' m _ E U I J on m am y ta;Uan y c a c r s :and is te-d r r i! 't ne r r e , v ol ,r u J : t O n a I } ' S l 1 1 , g g e s ; t i o I l ) t ' h e A 1t b, ot ll h i ~ s e e m s , '~~ikr sees :0,0 reasen ' w ' h y :!:~ ~haulld. DO't be p o s s . - i b J e to rod fr-om bip"'~teru;j]JemIley t S ~ ' 1 S:b,I!.~~l 1lDli:ted fabricate lb)"_w~lding~ If th s ; m ! f a L U , a D d ]{l~ge r e : o d s lire lecm,p~led \ S t 'r i :p s ! e u ' . alon. tbe: p'~ln. .f the: s'teeJ , a n d l bent '~Ol hl:p~ 'the '!uges, U~ ..s eetio'fl re itarde '.D,und as s 't U J W in 'the di8Ir,a;m :l:he g m t n : O O I \ V in rry,ery put, l l r ;o d w o , . d I d w,~"th o\f[e~j)frlutnd d a1 , w w c he ca wa ,forgiilgs", The joints could m a d e \""iti1, J W ' e r lame anal"si~9, 18, th '~Dmparnent$, iand, th w b o ~ e a , s l e m ' b l y size., bel:~.beat,ed, before : i n a E l y maehininS th AI,umhdum rods D,ormaU, fiJ:tfed with s;nl&ll-end ol a n b.' opcDed, !(HIt an D I ! . 1 B l l G S ~ 'but if' b ~ I d 1 , y ' W t O r D , 'fj.tted. 'wilth aluminium 0" IL.R.,j.6 bus,b~s; bronze bush@s 3!lmas~ m,vnia:bly' come loose in tinte, IS'om~ s t 1 e e i ] f,od have b e e n , m a J J l e '\,ithoutsmall~~d b ~ l be s ' th e ~ye t J : m l l I' citl1er haI-dened, ' a n d . g fo un d o r s im ~ ,te[t , 6 , o f t . This ~d,ea,I s satillsfactory o , paint, 'but tt at ; s e i . m l ' , $ L O @ C U U , . i, ma;y be r u m o n 'impossible t!CI ex.tra'ct 'the 'way '£0 ' I 1 i \ o i d this, wiilhout in~ ~ r in g ' lb f i ,eX:U,8 pln, ~e~lbt of'e. bw is ' & : 0 ' adopt :s ;tem de,l{,elop-ed for tbLe hea;v:lly··,"(oaded utic:u1abad cOIl ..... radial L a i r C [ , a f t ..;:I . 1 :SJllU!I:LU~JjhJ ~ 1 D 1 g m e s ~ , WiuCla C ' O n s : m t s 0:-- . 5 1 " v e r - p .she,g, 'm r'b•ores, 'M:w, i:luVe:11 to ' l1..,~..-f-",.... I U ii ~ e s s uur..£
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e~clit h,o:~'~ he ' p ar ts . c a n p p a d . ' to g e '~ b e : , . 'U smng 'fine~,If]'fa.brasive bu relt e a m ,u s b e fJiken ~D' ee tJ~alt th hole ar no lapped ' o u . .o ,f..JqUla~et ~I!l w b jc h e ye nf t Jl$ be w'orse [btl'll Ule: ' R r S l t - . T h i ' s , p ro ae s w U m o nd , s ta t cause the w h e e m s ; t , C ) come :3 Iittlu closer ~D.gelher and th !i'~d~-,e of th0 com ,..: r,od win 'be' f ' O O u e e d 8. kle. 3JRUJun:tll eheeked carctfliU)' 'D ' M m l thus th c~ear-l,ooe mus ii.-. ..: " ," ' - ' l . T 1ne , <"apereu J, 'lD ...:I". 1 : 1 -·j!II;"".,:II~!lI ,a-s:s g_m ., e U U 1 ,A '" 'P U ] I Il s eL . H I ,,,f'\,JL-, 1LJP~~;.Ih~·g.,jl' engin,gs -a;r.e s.upplied in h re e e ng t1 l a nd a d , p lu s an pilus, In., '~O'aUo,w Fo ,~J],yerua.,gemen~, tM't mJly~, ,in 'iimc.~occur th 'sclectio!: the' correct ~e;[I;@th 'p 11 the ieo:ID:.,-'md side-clearance ca be m < a ~ : D ; ta i n @ d ,] ~1J!!'hJlI ' - h e ICOirreot Iirnlts ,of' , ~ o m . s i n . t o , 0 3 0 1 n. It is:.now more al pu:1 th < w 1 ] ] 0 0 1 5 up ~i'nSl substan.tial S h i 0 1 l l l ~ d e r . . s o n pln, ri,.I'rdi ![~1eing ga.m,ed more 'Ibis I.CllQI!I!. t·tum by·-the a.cnl!l fit 'o ' th e f \e d u oe d porti.'on8, ,ar ,fUllf
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e: in tb,e w h e l t 1 L s , . .If pBndlRel~ 'rnllese am , Ib , t : driv.e fi:~ ie~~ about ~(Ij in, I D a l g e r 'than t h ~ , hole), aa :fo:r.' l lI . R :t d l: 80 Q , th fit is :muCh looser th 'this,.. ,the an [b h a t . ..nic,k:ei~~'p]ated, . ,pound to correet size~ BmmyVeil'loeUe·pms are' ,~OiODd wIDthan afmos " i ' m p e r c e , p d l l 1 r e taller '(Jf " D O l l m~b J e ng U \ a n 'should. push in, ' b Y ' bud :for half' t D ' r = dep,'t 'the Iywbee ho~.e:;'the nu ts in 'then ' ~ - - ' n tif'the as that M.l~.m O i l 80 in th ,shQ]l],dem m , ~ , . .D.oIl pluUed 'Up into wr:d. ceataet wi 1 1 1 . h e y wh ee ' a s : m : t e t H : i e d , t b J 8 makers and. no louly'wiD ,gra'V8 danpr 'the !ls~emblJ' lack ri.J~ruty ut dlJcrc 'w,liB 1b j,'L ';:1J t... ~ :n _ . ~ I. 'Se.n"lOB., Ulal~ l e c r a rr tJ A I ' l](f\e-M V i l b : a J .' ® e v e r · t h e f o r m fi rube r t J w : w h o l e B s s e m l~;~.y de ds po o u~ . w'llJ IlJ!wo:tually Oe D1 '~.Wcad m lm , ble ldamage, (H ,dijs,~O.liti'Ofi ,dorw bt a b e u t u; ~ T he ' ,ud. Icta,PlX'd, if 'there is abutlimI, faces must be sqtta.fe 'tel 'W t h r . e , a d s ,I:ud 'man, be P'iS ,chookBdll.lI!ld~, D,ecuiS8.'ry[J' .fectified 'w th ·t]u,qd t l g b : t l y ' fi,ttmg '£benuts ' w t d c l 1 . s r r r e t he m . , ic m c w e d on mm up d e a d .at." ]f is D.C~H'a ry '~ m a k e DUts, ' b o o . Q , u s e , s p a r e s ar Dobt:d tlc~Jlel mild stee is J U l i E , S , Q e d , e H / J o u g h : ' D o - ' h m g l e s s tIll_Q , 4 ! : S ~ t , o n r t e n s : M e ted. ,sbo,'U .B 8 0 , S :ils be 'U S l e d ) . , elnd. 1U0)' steel of ,S5-OS tODI STnlith be ~e sti o r rlJcj'[fil,II' M·ost EDlIHs'h cram tapped ' 0 i : t f J e r or ,2'6 threads am JD'C~~ W lu tw ,o r Ilid. 't1lere~ ·the 'col'ttm:orDest 5~S, be;h:ll~l'!': i D ' ! ' ~ 1 in~, to utiRze auts 0" another m a k e if '[o:lle" ,it :i',S,often pOHn)~e ii~
y ea r a g it W M · e o m m . O D . p ~ r . a e t w c e to g r f f i n d . :r~~ ,5 rstee:1''mpcm l O l D t'lu~ pirh an t o p u t he s e Into the w'hee~s, Ill' &el..i~m;d nuts, This m.,sthod. 'D cormtnIcti:oQ, m a k e s - g (l o job, pnl'vided 'thlt ti1e~ ta.pers, fif' reaJ~y I,O(Mlmtcl),-: th.us in dOWI"UPI sseh RI engine' (pnr~jcuIDrty!r' D. new' in i'
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Rooon tl t he r b a s ~en, growln,g tendency '(0' do I.'way with 'rDIUl'[;S, a it os e tb e r a n "ely , H i m p : l y 'Il) pon ii, press 'm t. Th is V i iliJcts ~ ! two-strokes, .1!~,~. :sys~em \f'3-SUll"[,chJuceu, on 'u· 'i,e oee·tl:e nd ] l ] , a , S b e e n ad o p t e d to the 86 mm, fOlur'-strole V e l . . tlti 8, ease, the' inSi 'llte lta,perled l I I O O S ' per m e l t and s : b , . o u } d : push ,]iU]e les than. :halr..w,3'y b, a m d , tens pre-SSUfe ,mould ·bei be e qu me d o rc e the 'vtlre hard a.~ms;t the shonldors. ell. iB 'worth -,An ,mx~d1.ient,m e t h o d . ,o ,eUmlin~ttin~'nuts tS th ~oDaid'er-a.'tiOl1 'b e x p : e : r i m n . m t : e r s S,,,K,,"P,~ sy,s'~0m of 'Using <1-
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Ibafta am be ':p~wedout lifter driving, C'Uit tbe Mnla 'pliD fllted, ' t b I ' O U g b T h e c o e c 'iDlterferen'te: :ftt ,b;, .100.31 '~I1~ an ttDs m u s t :be'verified, be[Oi'e p,resslng-in fire, ew sba~tls~ the driv'e , s i d e , p,~~£S,in th :D~W skart, hard UP ' t o , t h s ho u ld e r 'with th 1'[t~lle;..h'o' ;1bo'u!: '6 : a , w a y fl\Qlm,- '(hI (urigd.a], ,positi:on~,then drllJ back 'tM,OUp, th shaft ;t 4 , 5 ~ ' with :M lll p,m.~, II orin" 1l1.Q, 'f ,a 'Wh'8te: , th e m a i n be-arin,. l[oUers :n , d h ~ e e t1 0 0 D the s'~laJtSj 1.00
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i_barb I.Dd :rotlte h e a s~ ~m ,b b w":1:h D£ s b a f : fi Ui li :1 1 in 'ltie home Il'u tb o~her n, Itbe :air~, (Ha~ SftUP, fit~ed attacb,cd, to th bloc l m d J c a l i n . g th trut or:(f' othenvi'se uf the rr~e'shaft" ,' 'I d e d i an t b e n t h = - o:tfuer" [ 1 1 _ : sb af t i s nd b~ltweeD c e n t r e s , ~iCep,t,tll,at ' O D e C . 9 , D u J l t c h e e k both - , s n a f t S at 'till: s a m e :SGttim,g~
true should th sha.fts, b ~ ? ' Tn eoqun do o w HisYS-iiow Q . l 1 Ii U J J J . ~ j ~u i I ! ; U iO;ji 1ii!\I I"iI ~;~ 4~.i'J· c or re c 19j. a m o~~(u.UIun t lu.I zero :,111hlllIl It'L.~ '].'~rarelv Mlt,-ulll ..;_¥~. ,&.a
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sbait8 cernes (ICI It'S5 tb.an J J O l in, lti1efe is, nOlilijnl m u o h 'to ~ilm,b:~e' a'bou:t. TW,o-bearillg: as!emblig ,caD rIlIi, w'~tb, 18 glBfii'ter lerrol than 'tllosie with t:bFe.e Qf f;bur" p a m c H I ~ l r 1 y -~ ' e OU~_·- " a,~,g y :5 1 he tb-' ~j,1 emadc the D m : l s , m u s t :mde 'the 's;hafls UI trulC: :a t i L , e y ' c a ,gii~en :8 last n i' ,p '" u p a m d b e shafbl firo,a.Il:,' re.cllecke,Q, If ,a I
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is well, a" c o u p l e oif squj) r1ts ,o oll ' D , P I tb'fougb th holes drilled in Ic~ea;rout ,:my' p"QJgble grit 'Will finisb in :6.ywh,ee,nud th o b a :f f~ 1, U n l e _ s . : s j" l Il l r ea s on , sueh a s a . big: c l m n , g e in p w s b ) s , w e i , n t j , r O u . 'wish 'tOI , m T h } a l a . n , c e idle e n g f f i n e ~ :,clor The' 'D'wer ball' lof' the rod can ' [ b e , c~o,'Mid~I~d s. rotating weilb:t, J8Dd,jt, ,tlol~e:t~].'el'm'th ' ~ be . .e t an k p i c ~ m p eW].,1 bwtan.;eed f) I~qu~ [lnd, f)JPpOt~lle GQllli[kt'~r-w~ish~ or 'b ~em~ifig m e w ~ G W : l ~l ~ ra p~~, w e is !lot possi blre .Qdoblswil:,~e-eI,Pl~oea _ g w e ig h in ,9 S~'I2i,g~~e,itiDd p ar AU e ~ win: en-gjlJ,e;(;Of, if an e'ijua! nd Op'Po'~te ,gffil t, aJJ~ Jm gor.-d. i. th dueetion rjdsll1' ~t[J'n sit fb ",Under . a x ~ S t b u u s 3r e n e e a, i Q O l , m , p r , o m i s e !Dust at right ,ellil!1~S,to the tinder. "ftT~_m -: ,ad(Hng O e r l 1 l l ; t n p e r ., e e n ta s l of '& ,IeC1ip,r,e QI'idDI We:~shtll,this 'figure - l ~ B ' t' e. rm e d , 'dIe balan e: : fa c W F " , lA partmcu~ar b ' i ! i i a : D ! c e 1l!l1te useles to pMtula 'metor be 'the ideal,: 9 0 , m a ny ' ~ x nu id e ra 'd : n s e Dt iC I in ma't~r' 'IM't it varia ' w i U l : ol m ,o s ' e v er y I d es j of e n ,g in e , o r ,~Vi~ th '~,peof f r r a . m e m w b i c : h l e l 1 U . m e 9 :, o ' ~ ' th same kind are mounted, Thil'~bein SOl dOl Dot ' b e ' m t J \ ~ e d ~nt'o, F l s b s J s n e m , g yOUl' e n g i L l m just because Re of y , o u r pais, m~a-i~ tillrL:·_~_ L,A a n e nt ue w y a:;y'" lW eren macu.w.c 'utllJJJrtS ne ~bfmula lOr b i B . ow .. Dlnly :SQIJ[O' lo rW'iablc :informa'tl'OIll, ~ s h e p .a re n fBeCo~huJ'l, fmIins f I l v b t e I T{ l< m t h a dirnc;tioD~ ,2, fatl'O'1!' ,o .66 th r e c p r o c a lill w e i A h t usuaJ]y gi VG ,E'~"Wi1 ab~~ WtWJ
f_'Stl ts, S_ ,_i~Ie:.y Im'ou,gh~ rienne miters I· ',er ,~~att'oror ,(Icing 'lJlarlli far 'tOllllrill~, w'hUe lom,ers, I~ 'eve;rse;; aD e_fipe l d e a ~ i o III eases, b,01\ eter, is to ~t which, :U is whrecb r !U I U ! m o s t s , m l o ' o : t h I D , Y 'thiS' s pe e . .. a. n
mtefJldled to oper~'te fhr th,e if , t h e : I e ! E i g m e t e e m s : m m tt e- r m u . c
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th nUlmng is done ;s;t the ~ower .f",p'.;m",,A1~flriIIl: in m o w u ; r o t h [ 'o u g] ! balanoe fa,et'of v r i i U l usually ;su~d a'way to th mast"'u,sed pcri.od,. if' ,aI'J~, Th ~foresaid ha]~n~fa_mo. ap,p:ni5~ of ! C t u n s c , k1 tIm ~uCh
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ea_i~rm,g e a b e 1€l!~imjll~~,ed. d e a J i m . , . m'thtbe com-:' Iyw.beel assem'bb' u . n J y ; ·th·us.w i ! e t ~ , ArtMge' i: en a. Icv£1. 'tnlrt th c o n J " c " ' o o . d l(m,i'Jjl1u pis~on:)1 :1yb.'1
, en d r e s ; t W , g ; 00.00·0 lide af - p d r o ~ ' s € a : ~ ~ ~ _O( S l l p p t l F ! : e d '~,y [ID, ,ao:ma·te li:gil'r4prilt1g l l l l m C e ! r o sup"", 'the H ] U C - f ! an ii, o th e t ha n ,t 'the r:od 'lDUS:t ported in the ,plMe l o f t h pdgeun pd.~ [ T h i l i belt done ~y 'plssmg :9. o !r . b u [thr:01gh 'Ib:_ bu!b and r es ;t ir n t h e fc~~er 0,1. th e d " p _ s af th ,pg~ ,Fir;st~ ,3 , f e w ' m ut s a nd . ie I O t b e . r t o c o o f tt e r' b u' la : nc e w a : s m e r s I Q a D 'b p l m - t e d !b s h , D n ca.r , a R d , ' ~ h e ' 1 1 '(h,.,e : 1 : & ; '0.0 i t) e ' f i h lo o d l·etWlg c o n . . : f u r s e ~ 'with d i o ' h ci ' weightts 'lllSW '1'0 ,find 'dle; w e ; i , g h [ l ,o th.e s m ! a l ) , l e m J d i J ' l ~ i w c ' b ,,'!e w i l s up p o f o ! u m d '~ b e 1 6 '0 1 :. , N e : x n , e em e ' 1 0 , , 1 :5IY'1 'wej~1l th complete piston .sembI w h ~S 02'~ Th,~s: ls to'ta'~, recipf'Oc~Uill', w l c i' gh t i s :1 and em:ll,:loylm,S' f;"qtar " o f ' ~ 1 1 5 6 th ,21 m , o o o, t h~rl2rm,tl1lly;1 with O l [ sm a
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Ike I f H J r ; c J ~ 1(J:1,{d p,rOlr,mafl'l8' d#,JlicitJftJl,l)1 te ,rJlifJW ~ ' J w a~~ljilily " ' 0 ' 'tH!''QJ'~ /fti81:;". I l , w i 0. ~ r ; B J ~ I / ~ - tD , ,1 ' vl 1 I IN 1 : ,~~~~i,-(!_d MMt~!l.re";j.IUUw:l.ied 1.riJ.'I e m 81 1 tJl.uJ~,Ule
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UPI t n m s small ~n,d ,o ,pllre~y ner ciboiee-~Jtcan be 'fo iUSUiDce'I ,a b; fu~1,of , o d l d m e n l s ' l b e l ~ , 'wltb t'be re u J s i t ' C w e m g D ' iOlr wu tb ba a nc e . f. aetor d c e s a , l C t P J a D y ' eorrespon 't the '(igmll'e 0 e 5 1 r e d [ j the ' w J r H ! a 1 s wi.ll roll ,(reel, , m . ' l ' C I D [ g 'the s t n , ~ Iht-et18~ a : u O . sh Q ' 1 1 0 t e nd e o 1 c 'm r s e U ~ r u e n anY' onc p .~ n iU gO 'to the t o p , bOUont 'P gg]tW.OiD: if not, 3 o o f )[ d i D : ~ t o , wbedlC1' t il e b ·o b w "e ~ g b: t lwavy' IOl' to
C or re ct i o n is uS1llaUy made by rill lng fb.e rims in. th ltlens, ~bcinl careful to take equal amounts w, m d e m l e a d ! side lo.f be centre 'plat:ne\t bu i_ l e a n eq'la ty eU !b dane 'ta:Ppin,B . a n . d _ p['Uggb1~ eXlistinl hetes, If a. b i o f laperiInen't.'iDg ~t-o ind. 'th~ ~ e a " _ j balance. tl pm 'O tn'e tun.inl'prograll1'me~ !'_ ,~(1tll ' I d e a , 'bp holes ,of s:a,'~ ie...j[l,· or dlameter, £ ; 0 , drill
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TtJ NIX
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into wlulch plugs Q f th ~ r eq u ir ed . wle;ipt c a m . s'lll.b,equem:~yhe fitted w .m _ _n o V O O . In s om e e ng in e it is possibl'e tO a r m , hole; sam,ew:heJlle in , e a ch , c f a nk c : as e aD ' b e l o w ' th m a i . . , i D . . IU o r m o r " i O O I r o o t l y , in Dii,S~'i)~ b e a : r . i m i P J i ,IDd '1:81' l' thread ' w . h i e n tbt s iz e C fJ m mo ,O ! l e m p : l t " , ~ d , fOI' dtaiD ,Bi,t, ·the lame p]up an driUl :several.ii,o~~ ~n tb.e fif\V~ n...B ,. S .P . , P l ug s o f ' v a r m . D. i u ' S , Ie:n.gths r ,B l W t 1 :B , . t a p p m g e s Of' tem,oved f16IQ. '(he in &ted'O'F' ' b l i o m = 1~'~Mlh e n b e in se rt e ·ftywheels ·(lu,O"Up. tb ·cran[t)ea®0 b , c d 1 e - s li ,I ,too.pie. ofmiD:llItes 'Wftbo~'t Wrwrblng 'th engfn~.and, le~perimeJlts t i D I f in d , ' th e 'masl sa:tisfacto.ry "oolBHno~ 'C~D 'be, vlerJ r.:-apidJy condacted, This, is ,'ery S ,o o d e he en e , e m p t r o , 'when 8ld~ap1inBell,giDes 'fer' use in SO C.:c"[acio,g ('ars beeeuse th d J f r e r e D J _ methold, o f D l o 1 U .n ; o g a s com'par~dl 't :8, m O ~ : I f ) \ m j e , . c l e 'very ,often Eea, 'b'~ .; )0 U,oul.le :U O':;,W:mm,1 a m o o w nnm,1l11l [n i~osbllgj word, 0" t W O I ab (Hut h o ~ ~hori!l~l1tal. s tr a j, lb t . .e d g t s ~ ' F o r p er m ~n ,e n wOfksb!o~p se it 'i w'ce Ito but tbere, .is, ]10 n~SJ:;tfii't'· ,S tOi :suelb m a k e U : P ' p rO I~ ~ t .I~gthB., Ther ar p;~en'ty of othlrr' waYI:: Fol' instance '~WO lenlfh_s a f a n W e ca 'b ' b o U e d . 'to ' - ' h e bencb",'cop' !DVIe:r'~ bangr.pg the l~l_l:er'b y sbeut f eo t The l o m 1 , vitaJ qllli~lrnea'iil tj.on ~s~-b~lthe,1[1)'p edges 'fti\lst 00 na't~ s:m,ooth an ab&~u rely ,bori z Q , o : t a J ,and, l , e v , s i ~wit'hrel!~b D i t h e r '~ibe((J Ih 'wh-uh~ ,~fCI f .1 l st 1 n i o t h e m " g o o d S P l L r i t .Iave~.is ' t h e best ,aid.to e h e e k . . de d - o u d .' b a J l " 1 1 1 ! C ' b . as , m g : this 'pom,~ but: fa-lUng' that s i h v e . r ,1~Mlwill ' p r O " Y , 8 'Ole 'I10',~nt; s i n c e it w i ~ , 'Iower (Jlbvi,ously 'IJe.rui '£ ru io\~,ard,w h i c h e ; v l e r is Mo,s't mKhlim.ie~shops e q w p p e d 'wj:tll oyliodriell ,plndem ossas a, pw ! l l ' " 8 ' b r a i g b l " ed.ges 0 : 1 ] , w r u c . ] D , the grinding w~h~'~s i L U l G ' " b a l f l n c : e d and, w i ' [ h . ,8 H t t J e b ~ a . n i d r n : d l m , e r n . t ~ e T " C ~ l S e d in th ~ " i ! h : t q'uAr~ers" i't ' i , o f te n p O S l s i , b l e to o bm £ n " tD C JU I- C D , IDicb. ,i
ti
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,eqwpmcnt~ On AI S" a:nd 0:50 mode~s~,pec!;], ' a r o m a r nuts re 'U&ed~wllich must s.pliit (and. Me thus destnlyed) to re wa:y,8 .D bud, :p]acement :nu·tg must mo em
is '0 'b ' i ' n 6 , p e c t e d ' : l h e a r m ad e w i h , u.wn, o i , B t e J r ed ~ ,~ t h e :n m o ,: m ,: ? ,J Jtlm~\m, w h i c h m : r m s t the 'w:b.~els are n . 1 n : ~ t d l h t & n e d ~ 110
11m ,pip'ma'~ d'u.~' erankease i~ te p;fovi.de., : 3 , " ri~d :m.(Ml1lDtmg for 'the majn b~lrjngs and ( r o u Q d a: t [o ' l i f o r 'the cy'lin.der suffiei C;DJt]y saUd. to :nl8,~~~iD ~~t IDO'~'" p o ne n q ua r to the maiasha ft xm at 81 '~Jes~ ,I r.~s p,~~ rive 10il'ie.mpcr,stme c 'h ug C ' o r c y cl ic ' l o a varla.tu:,ul~~~ b e : c , g L u ~ ;~ _ ~ ~ , hG be&:D'ngs is 's~tU,ed .jg i d J . ( y ' ,o tb:u;s in t'tle s ; e a r l c b , fo~r'speed l i t H e b e d o n e o t h e r than. _ 1 £ 1 ' geed fi in '~~e:'l1mtthe outer r ac e a r e as e w b . e o , 'Olle IUJ't 'the raees ' w m n shuw- sips: '~a't1Jers 'batt, lr p'o~ishGd, a, ~'pe:~rane, m J ] , e ,,o~~t:er ,i:!; creepl by 'lDd]ca:too a : u M : ' a . C 0 " If 'there ' m s a n : y d o u b t ~bout d i r e , m a t t e r !ea.ch, 'Sl~_ 'Ib,e 'W!~1J! c.om.pl'~rte; '~!i'lli b e ar h lp : ' ca n bt '~'mm,ersed:m ~'!I
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Se'\N:.m:i methods ar ,CUrlrlg' loose races, , a : , v a i l l h : ~ e , fo no '0 'be of 'whi,eh the lelsielt~fl!lmDS. the recomme:llded as it is ~ a ] m i o o t mposs:~~bll:eto ,get an even. g i v e s a w a y afle:r 8. CO g " a n in ,any Ue m,tvita'b ' w m l e I C b :[ 'o m ~ .u m O r mcke,l-'p,.~alill,~, t h e r a ce s. i satiS£~torJ\, :pn:r"ided '£ba,1 'the f m d i s h e d , outer srurfaoe is Ilbsohll.tely cirar nd tmcl{nesJ, of the 'bore; if moly' about , , 1 0 0 ' D O ~ , ueed to depDsi'~ ; s r ,e q uf r e d to mst,ore th fit it 1 C ' - Q ' m p e t e E r t pllatt]-rnlg 'the j'olb il.· done bY to t!;]JJJo!p~ bu d~posits tlThic1rn.e·ss grind~Jlg ol'wing to 'the ' E e l l l J d e n c J lolthmL . & m a n y ~ized :1lC'trds tO baUd 'U mere 't'DlicldJ eJ;t. 'tbe. ~d;les than at 'the and d O . H D!Qt sbow' Clntfe~ Co P ' l l C r r " " : p l ati [1,g Io 't'b~ o t .his'mndency ca e a s D y size w W ' c~eaned Da'~'he c b u c 1 l r : ~ I O i w , ~ m g J l iJ e w ' hU s , tlu: raee jl,ro,t,ated lI '~ i'ts. s o r U l , ~ o S 1 ' 5 ' 1 c o p p e r pla;uiJl d , o e s . :ncit; a l w , a , Y s ~ISlt. V C l r y , I I, L ,. ,. ,. " ",. but ,;i[!! ~onD "",,'Il.. ;Ii!i - i i i ' i " J I o D :"'<1< '~,':1Il_:_, m,""wvY.~.I!!!, ' ", ,' '- ! !I ~ . ~. 1I~ v - . w l . - ~ '
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PIICIH bl,y te best m e t h o d iO efseti J J e r m . a : r n c n t care ~s;,to brin th IUl~Jn;:in~bal~k 'tID , U ~ S odgi!nal'Size bo,rim,! it 'brn:nze s ~ e e v ea b e u nd cti:n,g n , U uc k and, ' i O O ~r u n ~ C'llI' pe , i t r B : : h , o l r dj,8;meteJ' 1ar,S;u than th fflous;!n':, -a:aving hea/~ed 20~:r C, (400~ F.)-w~lruch !c~nbe don 'Ulp th eran k e s e \ 1 r i . t h . ID aid ,o p, d.om.e~stic oven=tb,,' I~eeveea he d f i o p p e d p la c a nd ! af~c:r peerumll tffil.'e,aJ urnl] iu , O V 1 e t r th edge ,R b .o w n D l b... ' U m e d i np . am . , t h e s ' ] e e - v , e j~ .oru ]P!. p e c h s m a U e F ' tl1a.n t l 1 e : race. ,It. job, I Uc l I tS , tm re [b dlOtU~l 'ex'tteme:ly ,aCCUJ3. t e l ) .! ' - : the crDk~e l' ~W J '} C : 'wat ~I~U,e, " i ' nt race mJ.l sJ.ugot Sf!.~ up ,~ tt.. ~J}eia d ia m e e r b o t r h H U l : 1 J I I g dead L T u . . I n o m e i1lS:UUlOO.S~ ne the ou'~'erraces ar c~,I.m:ped endway~;j) 'M~hl€r Oirmore p 1 a . t e s o r . r i D ~ , uts, .ia wltieh ~,vent thay' 'carn a t or wo
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If all)" mg repla.ce.:m,e'! Il' l 'l!hro;u.p. e ~ c e - ' S s I v f l we the race tracks, remember that dle ~::nJt,et· p~tIlwg race elos of inte ... apprQx.im,Rte~y 'he fae;l]ce betwee 'tbe an t il e ; e a se , C o n s e q : u : e r n 1 ' l Y I 'beld:ng5 ~bg!uid have ( j J . sligb',ita m e c n t o f s la c kn es s lh b e ' [ c n ' c :tlitdng otb,er\vi'se h e o U e m ' ,' balls rna.)" b~ s:libjoo~-ed a . ~ J l a : m a g i n . g · ,0 v r e r .' D a . d 'J ' , e v ,e ' J } b C ' i U " P , t h e , iOIN!f r a c e s rna., ,sf Is·eem tOI turn [ql1~t\eetlsily',,; I S o m e m a k e r s s~,ppl, bearlnil :aUolw f r o r with ,a,riOY:I a : m o IJ1lHI ,o mftMiC!'tf;al ,cllielm'rn~e: t h e t ig h l' U ru . o s ol f :sl1;~:ft brCHlsm,g'" nd races a c o or ld i .I lI Q '. . T " N : sm a l p o !i -s he d cllcil.M, ~l'JJIj 'lbc ed of ,3 :H D fr au lo n e ut e , r & Q I ,fOir.'e l l : m p l e ~ indimte 'tldt ~tb;2J!S 'llie push ['ipt c~e-UllllCC th~outer ~jsh:t,bu lila inne fit;: tlUBB eircle ar visible if 110tb race ar intwde '~O' be ~ ; i . g h . t " A,put fra,m this md1.c~ltloD~the imBler ,as'sem ~ _ l y ,o ha.u.d th _:6J't f o U e r bearin shout j U M . 'slide m · t . o p : I S . C 0 is C Q 1 f m c l ; a.rid b a U . - t ~ H . , w h e D [m of 0 , ] 1 , sheuld 'Ip"'n fOf :sevua~.turas, M , o s b u ll . b. eE.n·iDPt rotl)1ed. ry ,I,}m,i.il s ' l L 1 , g b : t DOjS~, but;, if th m ; c l ~ s . e :sQundi, ] ' r r e g : u J a . r r0ugh~. the i'hi e p ' l a o & - , ;" OJIl th 1 n - e a t i ' [ ' ~ g ' ~; p e S U S1 :m ;~ c o l 'ml~n'tis the wisest cour e, Th inner tracks '[oUer 'bea.riogs. CI,D 0[' ~ , b . e examined by "plr~sinG: r 'O U r : A : m ; o t l u ; ~ f ; ' m p o a n ' m · , , ~ . t e r is th ,aUpment o , : f th,e, b e a r if t he e a r ' t W O I In e' ther 01 h a U l hw ve m C S ~ 1 partieul ar IQi:f U~H~; o.n1, eheek of : a D . y r e a ~ a l ~ sto turn ,gmind ;3 m M .d re 1 e o s . , i : z e & ) w b j e b w i l l j :u .s t p u s b ~:Lm I{ UIFough, th.e inlill:f' bearings ~ Y W ' m b O ' l J : t s h a k e , and, tit,eD ' I . n s e r t . ILlds 'limillll,gh th w'bo:~e se of b~ij IS with :811the cr.,ankca~ I(:O:D
U P ' " Th :mandrel ShID;td~. pus~_ t'b.r0~,~ f'D o t , tile : f r - e e J y ' wb.ell e D~ r~ : , a n t u f .1 1 .a c ~ . ; i c n -o r m u s ~ 'e ' ttack,oo dD'1m eU ; : f i t l. t I B d - ~ SJomlrtJimcs, ~ngines (he 'sp~,got OI!U:; M~:r-case. is pOOl' ,fi.t i n t h . r e, g_ i :s :w r th~o t h e r halt an re'l;[i:1ve 'm.'o·~ 11J bO] 1l
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r ne n w h ic h w 'Q "w d a U e : J t th 3 J ' ~ i . g n : m , e T l ' ~,e,a;ntake p la c . . T h i s , cm b e p r ,f ;v e nt ed , by r e a m i n g ut tw msting 0 1 [ . .boles, · t O I a e o mm ed a p -e ch d ,own,LM b~'lts. :~ctiD,1a s d cr w re 1 : b.::fo.re mamru'Dl1 till eases must ta:tl.pul Ughlliy tW w a : y and that u n i l t h b a : t POSltl'DD is <tain,oo, ·a m ,d jc l e d . b y freen.ess, ,of' tb~ ~est--mmdrel~ Form.n~tJe]y" sru'll,ce it , d i f f f i L C t d t fa\m]t to, ,endi~flte. is 3, 'ra,'r'e1m S l e a s e : ; but it should i t n l C O U ~ C l bearing d i g n m e n t J o o k , e d f O F ' just ie s a m e , if :plidn bearwp at ~ D c l u d 6 d in th malce~·Ul,p a m b !a \ ie been re:Jl!ewed" ],de,ftSim
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' th e e o m press o n p r res, it ' w i l J be ~ p f e Gm ~ e d , ilia.1- I0 id d e a l depend upoa the cylinder f ix ,i D S i n :aB ultra-high a m p r e ss io n 1m G,tor~ _ ,l m ' o s 1 l l" ' Il ~ ;r i B bb ~ b' e u d are, ' l a , p p ~ d _ m I l c c t ~nlbJi Gt d um i u m A s 't'Lullat i'g'[' metal ' m s , refatlvel'y ' w e - I k ] l the lengt'b of 'IhIi.l8'~ in ,e,~,gaIOB1eflt should p r e € e ~ l lbly ' b t 'W i lc e a m J d ,ccrtai'nl, a t ! rI :, Bs t , o n e u : o d , 1\ 1 1 : a J If times th stud. d-i;a;m elt1£ 'r Ul a:dcti_oo m e 1 i l i e 8 d , S b C H . 1 ~ . d tiIJll;~,e'rllt 'dle D l J t , t , ' ( J f N andD,ol , t h e b,o,~e,~n, th 1l1'Ue:r case the: rUll,.. ut lo th I. _ ' 'P stud thread exerts at ,pO we r.fll~,we dgidg :lotion aD the S U I , . . O l : f : c_r,act Dl:lkiol woundJDg, 'bOH~, whioh m a UlDWlieom,c &ppea£';uee either 'the :6r~tonset 0'1 liter w he n e : c ng i. D : [ , p r o t t o w , o rk . . S , h ,o o ; lo . 't h e c r u ik m s e threads a p p e a r to 'h ,damJlLpd ,0'1 parUaUy s ,' lr ip p e t he m , ls lDually iI3DJ~)U,gh]l1'em]. pr'Men,'t 't J l D J J I M l 8 ,11.0 ' m , p p m g ' t o grater Uepi~I., ': net, two rm ~'ursu :r,e-'~p '~Ol sm: l\ u,e. a , v , a j l a ' b l e " IO ID.e lar,ller. and fit a. , d t ) ' 1 l l l ' b ' l e - d i ! a m . e t e r ' J ! '1 ,U biUU-liJeaded' ' S i t U . d ; ' or exampli3\~ sbip,~ed :ho~e :p,('ievious~y *-,in" 'Ylhi,ow,orth, lean D e i l' ,e - · ta t rp p e d , "t i,,",m.;]'W lrii't w,g ,rth[II b~'vm finl o p e n e d , i!, Jn O"UU!f e a s e s it m ~ : y b e pr f e m . b l ou,t with, ' ~ cU : &r .N ' d ri l to I " e t t a i - n t h l e~ s ti m , ~~zt;, o s tr u J d mp,pin-g Orul tb,e , b o i : ~ , e to ~1l:k,e :a, 'lllf,onm: l O T ' s ,t e c b t nu h. i s e r e . . ed , i n ' s i d : e and, (nl,t tO 'the ,a,',prti~pria.t sWze;~t h i s bem! PlrtiC'ru!t~aIly I " d : v i s a : b l e , if'there
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o o T l Q I F d i m 8l]f s h, o ' fe a :m e r [a.lm.'Ll8't in,varia bl smears t h s ur fa e e I~:ruttingan thus blocks up t h e : p O ' . i r e s . in ' t f u ; ~ :metal, ' th o .' L1 , p 'very keem r-eamer M ~ ' ~ no much b,'r,lll if t b , a m 'O ' U f),r metal 'b be m o '¥cry S U , B ; t : i l . , "f""~"""" ...- "'uril.d ,JU!;a ~;g,
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an,ang;in,.g h e ' b ua b [o V : .g ro o v es l ~ ~ a d in g to ol~m.h ; , Q l e s extr oil-feed '~,(~Ith~ t~min,g~heS't~ 'I df'y'-i'Wm,P engines n, ea,s; w a : y t o a,G~omp'~iS:b h i ~ s 'W take ~ e a d , o,ffthe p i p e ' w b j J c n , : m : e t M u s , , o < ] 'i '! ' 'tlte cou.pRcthis, U P I ' ~ O a, IJ1Ijj,Oft the ' ti m im , !" "c u e: p la ~ d w h e re : it w i' l do 'the ,m st g~ood,-:pmrtfra,b'~y so that th oil dro'ps, dkecUy on to th lcam's\~, NatuFially dtMle m i S , mjmlt to . b , c " w ,mu.cb, ioil' r~jJ'C1Ulmt Jju~eds, iu thls 'W~lr~r"~d 'the :~est[mti:edl' o t h ~ r w i s e 'the,,scl:ve~,I~ P'ltm:P' w i l l e, Q , w d , o a . d e d , , , Jr.'
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p.~,esent:j " b u t if'tbe s , p · r i m . g is t h e m . r e m o v e d , t h er e s \h o l1 [d , bearing , O Q . th timIn side p e re ep t ib l l Dl e1 u t: ot taken It is too close in nd approl[priate· 'moosnres must o;btain~ ; s a ~ y " ~OO6~m,,,l o B, t , a n t h U S I a v a i d , '!lbe pos;sibiUt, Q:f: 'D,d'es:irl:b'le i e n d i . . . Drus,t b e j ' u - g , 'pht£ed, the: bwmg~ R'II ,,;m.. ~A·'em g ~ ~~8S. '.e·pa _"WHy mcest 5_m~es i'!;, used, b e t w u D l the Inner nd ,and 'hVill,Sl! ,8, .d1sta~piooe outer : m ' u n ·bearings., If'tbj's, is i r l Q d , v 1 e r t L m ' r J y o . m i t t o o " the. ·s,haft solid wh the Um m~ nut is oshtelllied m i l' " n o t take plac 1 I ! H I . D 1 . operB.,tioD. ~ i h i c h '[b,e m o t o r ' is. almos,t IC\Dm.pjete1~ a$sembl.ed~ It Is tberefofe ,I. eom'ponell:b ,~·old,e.n rule alma1s' to .ass~mble ,all reievant o n h e : ma i l Sh a f t aad ttgh.tell ' th e n u fiull.Y early 'In ~hepiece, just D e 1 : ' - vcry in o r d e r , T b e E L ' ' t n a ( aU ~ pB [ ill this ,~!ccal~tynd it ma,), b e C b ai t, a m n e h ,cl,eIM e e n e w c ra nk p : is fraeticm 10 D g e J 'than th iD'fi~ nllw a n . : IO,W! 'tt-
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'~'hlf 'I h o d e g n w ' . h i c h . ' t h e · buriDIS o n . b o th , sldes ~llow whee1~ 3 ) 8 s ' i st in 'tbeir l o e a ; t i o l t Q . . is . n ! O t u n .~,p'to ,.0] 0-]0. end . " , fJ Oialt,1 except .; dl:0case ,o e. .c Veloce~,tu" i: which. h e m e h , o f g ea r pa on _~Y'e'~ d mJ n 'tr,c,Ued 'b 'th'8 ,oS~'tiIOD I c { U t e .JE,au].asbAf[" Tbese le·rn.guu;:s,~, an tso t h · o s e P'US;b"'fOd m o d e l s ,eq.uiprped " w i t b , taper-loner m a i b ca rm ,P I m u s , , · 'b , a d ju : s: te d s o t h a t there ls :p.Feoisely nip, 'O nepthre c~ea.rIIu:e w l 1 e m , te Icrankcase ou !l~
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wriftoo w i side IcompoJu'n]J.ts fitted aU 1i u t p uU e Ught~. a :n d t h e r et ai ni n h e a s LI nd the' m,~t'twt With tb 'wheels, placed correct Iy tight1y bol'~ed UP'I th s rn al l e n '(be cODtDretmt~.I-"['od I O U . P !d]DUtd 'b
"-"",'n," ~ a ,,'I a i ~B ;ji,L. ,Y lind n n e r . . a rr e M g t 1 e - - ' u t. ,:3J,S im~or m e r e side eleara De ,W 'i almost ~'lJery d~sigll U o :w e d b e t~ w oo n t s m U ~ D d I Js ' t h e ' p r u s t o : D bosses, i s a~wa,y.s ,8, :it tle b~titnde centrali is permissible, c ~ r t am a m o u n '0." side pla,y if h e o d i'tsclf th big~Dd bu b ee n c -o r[ ee -U : y 'Itted 'Up) lIlell : S C I :tbe im ples rnetbod of IcaJU.pering 'tile d h ; f ; l l l U l o e b e t w e e n , c b i e c . k i o U ' leentr~Hty ls 'th regls,~e -,a n e a e' h :side ,of"the &mall e 'n d 'vrith tb e d U gb U :h'~ld, aver . t H , tlu~j'Op,p~l\si~ed i r o o ' t r u O ' l : l . 'tw'O m e a s ur e . . m e nt s s lt to u ld . not d i f f e r 'b mor than ,.0 m . o l D L . w h m d b ec te d . by 'this If t h , di fl Ie re no o i s p e : r : e e : p ' t i h l y ' ,g;re~,rter, it is good ldea tO .a;ttempt to DCiITeCt it by bmmng the rod I~,'\'ler; s ' O t c . h .
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u n d " o tbj~ 'y~h1e of Ut w'o rk, Pi the: o d lns~eld~ ruing' ICt'H~I'OOti'OIIl, m u b e e ~ c ~e d by alt e r o s · t h e l a t ~ ' f , a l ~ ~ c .a ; ~ iQ ~o f on O r 'the [ t r r n ~ d .a s s c m b ~ y before the ' l 1 . y w h e e l l s , - h e : n c- ' t h e procedure ,mvl,o.usly
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. . m I AI 'I!.. ,.JII~" Th.eE', e are \',a('[10H, ,me'wods 1 0 . · uuJus:ting ,Cllu.'·,'UI03 :!!i' ~U!l. ' O l f shims, w h i c h , il n o t 3 ,v ,m l i1 b le . ,g'OM 1 lh e m e n ul~ru ,ti1i\"l;'m-· m a k e r s he c u t f ro m shim,~s.t~els n a c k cr, :illt-em&.. ,f the. s'bim.-w,ubets CtUODiOnly made livelY'11 ' U s e r..
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'~m,pl()yed f o r a i lj tu s, ti n the e n . .6 o a t in 'the Sleer.m,g Ib.11lck1es CUB., ' T h e l00a,ti.'€Ul o f ' t h e s hi m s v a d. e ~ , but, '[he go~denrule i s n c vc ! to put: ' _ ' h . e m between tw,o ' p: a w h ie ' ,ram'te r e l a ti.ve.ty t o o n a DO t it U r , ' b u ' I _ . be~wee:n f8Jc~, w h l c h ar :i[,elati.ve: 's,'ta:tion81}',~ Thus, 'thcy- ca ' be ' p l m ce d IOn the mainshefts h e t w e e the i nn e r ac e s , an d , f iy w .b re l o r between the b ea ri n o 'u t@ : r m m s , nd h e i ns id e o f ' th e ir ' , h o i m W . I D l ,g ' s , . The latter lCIIlai[s .rather more W : O J ' J t in fitling bt in ~om.l~ designs is the O D ~ Y :5u~'[fible plac.e~Fo,r t X I 1 J 1 ] , p l e " , V'e'~o~~,te: ma:iDsha£:ts ar ground. with very mrJo\\r' the ·' h..;!l .::',nh"~';MoiL.[uI~mUln ra'ces, are 'e£'U,gDe-:to rtit 'II!-I;~~:Y PI narc ..JIms,t ' t h e :8.y\Vhe~ls; o,bv,iousl~l[j ij"' : s : r u m s ' w e r - e in terp c s d , ie fi ,of'It;he inner.' r .a ' ce s , v o td d . sUck" ' S , O th shim~ m u s t 'b , p i [ a , o e d bebiDI~ t b , ou te r r ac e s, m a D , ' ~.Ai'P'~, Apim. m o d J f !l s t h e [ l o U e r s rn W l o o t o n 'tbe: l i u d e - n e i ' 1 ~:ha'RJ an I f m J d , ' p l l a y J b c d by tti'!!' cle-o,rall'c-e b e : l e e . D , th f l M ~ ~ e s' , t!tbe o a t e r rim.!J an tbe 'fi,y\vbeel osses. ,from. rings mm If ( a I D S is b e :h m d A , U l s a m e ' t i m e , 1 l it is w U J e ~Ol yed~y[bat th roU~r!, !bav :StdBc~cm~:n c ' i c m r . a . n c e bc'tweeD, thoe· ~ y w , b e e ~ s D . n d , th cbArdelu:d w a s h e r ' placed o t othe side of tiu~ enter race, T a . p j d ~ y d~tr(Jy ,otb~irSe rthey CH!1l1 ' r o t a 1 t e flre~l, nd t h s ba :f t sy I:"fl!ce~In th fl!CinG, ' c Y A m (r t ' : s a ke , p h OS:pilQfb fo M e , , -h ~ g waJShera, are in'~eI,po\sed ~:ween the 8 y w ' b e e ' 1 ,I'no bearing s;leev,cl :and s i d e - - ' 6 1 0 \ l : ~ , ca be , n ! p : ~ a ' t - e d , usmg I - lI i lm l o f v,arying t l Y c j k 1 J l e ;s I S . • \Vhen. 'bnihling up e:.rmgine: with ew parts, l' w , w : U octl!ionally be fl].rurtd, Itlia,t (bere cu play,;: 'there W S ~ I
to ,~peak~, mC18.tiw clearance. In tllul,'t ey~tl'tj 6~,~ h_,t 'the lcase~,d ro p o u O l main 'beariD.IS~, remove :any shims, 'the:~ ma.,' b e a n th So t te a tm ' e D h e 'tty' again., DO ,8, vall: the .onl,. 'thinG to is ~ d d . m t h e requi s l ~ : : amount ~f' '~;etaJ :f1yw'hej~lbosse~the: of[ (b a : : m , c r o o t bein,g dete rmlue-d measuring' djstMOO 'b~tw~e:n. 'm a im . be~~~ with ! t h e ease boll~d l!l od s\Jlih.m'cting this fl"om. tll,t) \V d,'Ih. (W'M the wh os F Q tins job, ,m Ja:I~' ~ ~ i T o f ' e (l :® m u a J and, mtf3mal caJUpars (01' an iutemaJ ,m~,a.oml~t~)re reqmredt
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si [l trouble, S o m . e t 1 m @ s ' lr e ve m i n ' th e piston. witl eff~t cure, , r u l b c l i j , g l b ~ tm s m e o d o f coms~ lcannot 'be: ad,opt~ (emep~,as ,8 '~emp1Q':[arymethod of' ehootmg) with p is to n ·wruch. has 'un~'r~.uuda ized; valve cl~[,ance: -poc'k~~s il '~he. c n O W D IC(f wItb the : s p , u t . .m d r t pistons fiU:ed ~o ftw' ,sports m J ' o d . e l l s wIn,ell m ' I U s ' t , n)OI£: '1 u n w~th,h e p li t t o W U d .5 t h e r ea r 1C&1IU .8
llruS!'tl! , i . d e " Bvetl iif I l h e 't,Oj) ~ a . n , d _ S I a,:ppe~u' t - O I 'b oonttw.~ ' t h m s , 'pfoivid,M no g-uaran~ee til;8r h.episton a~ hole is t y i m , l : l~~e~., Tbis c s m . be bel' ''Verified :y Itm,run,D; the ' c ' n g l l i n e , l o v e r : s e V l e : t a . ] n m ' e , s , after ~oatmg the c y U ud c r ! b o re w i t ,0 'Y;ery U g b t (ai~mosl i m p ~ r o c p l l J b ~ e ) , s,mea'f ;r prussian blue, Bath tb.rusl f n o e S I .f th 'piston ' s : h o u J d :thcn , s y m m , e t t ~ C 8 : 1 1 " ' m ar ke d ~ ' bu t i~' w.fferen.ees , o , o m) , a, ,miIl,@f .n;a;t LW 'Ire, enst U~,eICaJfe'~~l \Vo,rlt f i w i l l ' U ' s u a U y ' o o e 1 i f y ma;tte~~,~ Se¥"fe w'":dL, d e d , m o o "'iI'-~-:-'U cases 'Cil.U fo 9! U t d B .m,o[,edr,a'~'~p :~"'t!~itm~"iii'it'_ nd l~ ma,,il! [ D J e Q U . s a . r y ' t o set Ithe smal end. slilhmly'~ , ~ l t : b , o u ; g h this 'wi~~ M ie e o n O R tlle q;LU1 ~t of p r e v i ' Q l u s , ' w ' o r , k , ; Te 'b 'rfbml thla opel,stio'li p O l Si ti ,O D I th e . r o , d a" b o u , a l m dead c e D , r e a :m d s r e l . ' s c t blot.k, ,ofmu~rtal'w .hicb. ' , 1 J 1 i ( : 1j 'uslj'am i D i o ! :5.Pace:_e.tw~m 'tble'Cifa,;nk,~'sc m o M d th ,!;.:b~81Jlk D f ' t h e od m_ln:dre] b ou t m f i l f ' ,BD iu;cn b01,gw' th little end, ,Insert ( n D " t ' your I c h o o k i . Q l mUlufrel ~)Ii l l' ~ O th e , s m a , 1-cod.bus ad, bead i l d 11 ~ equlli,i"e di'EtiOIl., r e m e ' b e' ri n '{ba't ()on ~~ a, o , 'm_ake ·8 big d H e r0 J1 0 'very' sma.ll,~m!oiJnt is c q d r lhl' pO!~:ti,GD, 0(1 Ih' ' p i : S t ' O I D ~ , 0 0 w i D , . ito the '~a,fiter'~'s,mlatively _
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· \ ? . i - I h 'Ih.e , a i d of' : m e : t a : h " ' p o H s l 1 i v a u e o f I&mOwn' ' p o lk h W . & 1 Iike 'that '0,( pOrlt, p'oltishiDg' is I d l e ' b A t a b l e , p ' f i 1 m ' t as some engines do no ~ivc ,o thlBir p e l fc e Fi D, b~ e to'f C ar bo . b a famed., Th 'bC:9;t, until , e q ~ .e Q ) e e ' ,t),f'eW.lQ,m is m c t l r l , a J h ~ ' 'lids: ,R b r i g l ! i c : l 1,bi,ghl),'''polUhed l I I F , f a e e : a J ls o r' b l es s beat. dull blac an and as ,b.9 iS ex.'b:a~~ed by it o m U t b u a g mixture,., m o r e ls a v i l b l f b" r lo.onve,morn in to meehaaiea 'W(lft.. This, 'i ·~.he' 1,,3/7
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1\ 'WW( cast (r the ecmlmstic '~ce show t f u l S true state !commend!ad in, IChB:p:~er wHI ea impw·ved by fo,r,Hin;g l,o-caJ de,o aKsin w b i b , c a ,~t. ,':_ ':- :,--, _' t,~ ._,,plll.!1' '~ -:_or." ,-Ve 'm·I:Illi"~"'i".'the wr 1l.n0 P[es;SIO,n, 'h.ole C nJ 'W D , ~ ] nsymmetricat In, ;1lD,,' 'event~ i't is ill'CU,el to a nd , ,obtain I{H10 ' c ' o m b u J t r u i C l \ I l m a e , 'I ] . o w , ~ t ' e o m ,p ,r as .t o loom:pl~IMSio[t !lIdio,,", m , o m ] , )" a t m l n m u -
' - ; S e c t lI ,o 'm ~ t l
=-
Cylndu':head , J l o ' i J l ' t s
' a . tt e ~ ,t i o l c a n , b e , gi v, c 1 ' t h e b e a d jo~mt; whilft ear! v ar ic ' ) ' 1iftad.~ps-tight ways", The IUd a 1 u b b ! : - , g r 1 J 'U ! n d . , 'va.dety in w:bich , s m m l 1 t m n C o I f i 5 t ; o , ] ] ] ; t a t t is m a d e ' Niext
13.8,
aA .. 'jWI ~J e r e 'n'~ pfi1li~lf'i'I~l:}il',.111 et'li '··..::1,... ii'iF ~~ l~.. t i D . . ut .:;'. \,ltw _."._ 1L¥r~' ~r-~l'li't!' O l l !..Wl _w'~~~ and. ,~ :p'arDeU~M]Y g o o d ilthe h e a d 1 : 9 , DO,t-V~'(1w'"btlst an 1il1
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tn
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nus e~ akes or ora reeess in th head w:hich s,pigot b e .i Q g o i fits IOiv,cr at : s p iS 1 o r ( U J I t h b ar r- e ~ , e ee s , & 1 U j b s t ; m t ~ a U y !lql1lW de,pths~, To f o r m ps!!'tig ,join't 'tb,e with 'pR,f] grtnding tw,o ccmponents title; gro,'nnn :pute 'bet·ween. the ~pl,gO't.:fa~, an , c o a r s e , p a ~ - t ~ e' t , W l e e m , th broad outer 'fiaQei I t h r o u g _ b wJti,ch 'Ute, b ! o U s 'pass res'U~t ' th i s · m . el bo d is to 'tea:''lIe
races
m,inumgall
'lu~c~w,eenhe b r o 8 1 d
races w h s,pigo·t ar In lietuaJ ,COD ' t a c t ; : thus w h e A Ithe bo'~'Cs re U g h ~ e n e d , be vy pressure IS i\;ppliedJ, ' t· o ' th e ~a:t.tex. to form W ' e : gDi.S",seo.1~ :t distorUOD :s p E - e v c m ~ , e d h e b ro a
f ue s a o m iD g m _01 eomaet, im h e c o a s e :paste, s ' h , o u ~ C W e co
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by wipliQs 6ine paste ca -e graLdllBUy '-ed.uced in ql'uanJi 'the 'bar,[le~ s p , I g ; Q t e ~ o o . f I a n d ,9 d r , a ; p C',1i tw O],t ll a lt e: r \ \V b jc h .11 ~~nu,cn th proeesa is eonf nned 'utUtU tile brilh~'1 s mo o t spi,lot ,R'l'Jd, i . u ; r0QelS, ,lequire r n. b over ' t b , e : L r e l 1 J 'D r e a . :r e l. , T h e l b r o a F ac e w i : b a , w ( w ' h e : n ' E : 1 ~ e , ma:U UrflCe which Oll1,pt to be CC}ltS_ : p a ~ " i s e i U 1 l l l ! d , 'OOtlt1 n u o ns , a U :h o u D 0 t1Vll small '!!)a'tcbes ,0f'indi1ie:.menl't ! c r . r m ' t B C E 'w~'~ b e s e ri o J JS ' ~ Y d :e t ri m l ~ n tal, 'In 'the '11n:ll,o;r;lcm,bly. 0.'0' o in J in g G ( J I m r l o tr lm d s. , nlooes~try~ i n [ aQ t. , .it is un,desim'b~e~, Be8~des b e i n . G : gas- t i g I D ; l , t this t~pe ,goad :80w' , o f h e a t ,fro,m, ,die 1mdersjd~ of joint p e the : em a :u s v al v s ;e a. t't ' th e b a r re l , aU l'u:l,s o a ss is t i ' k o op tn g 0-:. the-, O~lhlIn-" 'J ~..1S,:rfiSllrnD _e _ I ll ·Ji 0, th 1. ll ,f t e e d I D D g heat b ~ , c k ~,ooaUy , r p ' £ o : t h l e ' ban8~, n o , t g o o d . ,pI:-acti,o-~~ sm,~ it is lia'b~e to cause dis:torf.i.lC\fi t h e l , e ' m " T hi s n ag ' ]S a v o i d e d , ~ ms om e , J f' th e l at e e m ' pl o y . . i - n g alumirlium h , m t d i ?rith " t r u , c k l b ~ c sect i : o , u s a n d , ' p a : r t . . trui1a:dy ~Kwti'v,e firu:r!'lfi,g) ''by 'ptr,mi:tt_ Irn,g the _ t w , c , c o m p O D e n t s , c o n t a l c t only I O I V ' a t ' ,mall , a r e a ) , p.refefa'b~y~l'ttb.e to ti 1 1 , ] " thl~:barnel ,~egi.s'~rt_r~ smoo this e t l -r t o d elimillates 'I;ll.e:smal ,annw~ IIB'P w : M e w o u l d ho :pres~t,;~ OO,Dit:a!!rt t o o , l e ' place the l it er ' f a ce s ,, , :
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mlo° 'p ake, w ' cUttm,1; speed. ,iilnd loomparalive);, b ea .v y , fe ed , us h '~ : t o · o J be al w e d , I}O !!WO£l'IWl't rk ~'f . , IUJJiS ,u:Rppens"i-t.. we surraee .' .4 lOll!" S ~ 1 ru on 1.II!JJ~~ l v o ,r .. . 'I-. ......iU" 'L".~ L'I._ d~ WlIUL nDme: ' ~ a . r e l i . . y e e co m e M -U ,a n ~ , POs,sliuw' '1'0 ICUt. u'de-ss th.@) bfJu::k and U r n , e ; n dug uctel' th
· T t ~ E 1 J " U , U ; ,{ p l g _ ' 0/ tlj~ oe« t r \ ~ ' '!'~'do~~bl'e-", h , ~ § 1 I . d j o l ! J l r . 10 6e 'B ~r~'1 Butte's,rful r(1t:lug d4:s1P!j;;
s,k:iu
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joim;t l.amina,ted copper' ,gaskia't! are, b u ther should Q l W , D : Y S l ~ d n n e a & e . d ev~ry time I~ey re :6 t t - e d . " AnTU~ldiu.,~ of c o p p e r ~sd o n e 'in p , m c i L 5 : c l ; y d i, e r e ve r s e WI,Y' to' s te e l- i, .e ', " t h e ,gasket I S I : S u'pported, iD tD 8~:t meta.~, !nlrfa.~e" be ated tOI e dn e dropped, a"ife-Dn~,i ~ ~ ' c' O ,l d wli1er'. from which it e rg e ead-
exoelleD
ii"!A'I"i...1:
ih. ;l!!;,,", ~~iIllIIUJ1QI~ !1
'~odlg b o 1 . ~ ' s l I~ndetlm:n,g ffilom b e n d '~Ol I~ase ar used and pfl'rticuIDarly if 'the b e n d and barrel a r o f U R b t ,0 UO')I't th [£ 'CeosiJe(ll], 'with tb l e m g J ' m e bot is ClO,m ,i d e r . . W.bBIl, co'~djp ,ctSsJ.bly 'to estea tba. , a I b l : ) , ', I f C l a t e r : l l l m D 'ma'y' WS~tI; p m e ' t e d _ d i st 'o r U o n mil" 'take plae-ell '(be b o l m actually' : y i J ~ l d h e o m ,perml:rtnem e'~onglted." T b e s e cODdj~,om5, should b~ sUlpected I(a.) the ~ngine d o e s D'ot b o ~ , o _ O i m : p ~ s s ~ o m8S '"e,U W O O D bot 1£8, whe:n cold; (b) ,if th.e ] t u ~ ~ d . f i O lm f r e i q uerUly hive to et :r&-tigl~.. l u , g i ll D e ~n .whl(ih, are wormg is ImO'WII ' h J t w e l h ) m a : k . e u p 8. ne se p O S i G S S the~e !tauits~ :m~ybe,
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o f , , 1 [ ) 0 0 0 , 2 2 in", p e p e d e, I! ! , C ., , nearly e g . u a l to 'tlLalt of miIrI,Y' aJu [11m i t d l o y , s , . O w m , g t o o , spllu~e lim~'ta'~jjotru8th head studs Io K~I~f in, in d i a m e t c l " and, i b e . l 1 1 ' I u , c , k ) c d V e :~ o c el le s a r a w : a ' y ' - un d ,m r t h rocker b o x e : s neces5!~tl:te, I E B l iipoeill s h o r t . , . · be h i n d l c d ',vith Cll"e ]h'ead -spa 1 Je r w [U c m m ' ~ O l , a , v l o j d overstressmg th ~,tlJdsiJ' w r u c ' ' b , if 'r0plm,o~d, mnst b e o f m ,s b ~ e ns ~ i , ' t e e J ~ EarIY'ii'pa:'lterc ' V i n c e n · t engines, a:f,e!fitted w'ith l a ' r g _ e bo.uo\~ bo'1t.s:j dl:f'Cru'gib, 'wWlicb l p a - S l ! S Ul s m a : J l l e r ' 'bol~tJSth B J t , C~[ry U a , e f m m e l stresses. Th Q:ga bc" s, 00c :f fi cl et i
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lO
The coe:mC~'eD,t o f l ex p an s; io n 0:(' h , t ee l ' me nt mr r . ed l is ; ; 0 0 0 0 1 1 i n" , p e r ln. pe d i e g O ] C,.~'but. tbere a n o h e r 'typ-&C Iil-;. ae l ~u J. :- D n'r' OW . 1I I1 . pr ue ct.,'lil~ . cle ~ , "'" " " " ~',c,,-'WlllJJiCu. na
ICMlft w~er
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high~xpln_sion ,aus,tenitlc steel sueh K J E 9 6~ ; IDl I e - H o r n " ' s 'G,2-'wbiiich loo,morm to Snoo~t=~~··~o_','" D··' ' · 0 . ' . ' -_ . I . . ,4 J !1 -- ot ~ ~ ~ . 8/1, g r a d e : stainless steel ~iO S,pecm'CluOD
of holts
'0:.
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D'"T",D'" 1 1 1 6 A ~ ~,~eels, .aeb o f $ e :I:il 'tefl'sHe sucm.gth c,f' 37 ' I O D S er more bu ,a ar tt dlffiCl!llt to ma,cbine due 'm theIr ha:Jdenmg, m e 'ber W h ~ D wo piupem_sity ,A 'li:pi -JlI ........ 'w,j!'i;:n';1'~~"'(j' ,Il.,' 1 ;. . . _ ,. "'""II!.. W'J[IW .. v.:IIlJdll~ lB _·U· l,r;I!Ui:l .!S.een-eu~~. lIi"QO.,S
have, 'la'rge U ' & : s pCYI'nd s,Hre~ to n:]
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b e d g l~ :~ e nc d
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ha
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w'l~eb, 'the: O,(llGrwlla they m a Icylinder 6 ' X :P , ji J id s , ; tile 1~~or-l..ptUtems a U d i b oh : a r e , Dot ; s r w b ~ jeeted tO this resl~Iri.ctif'~,~ 1: ,9lome englnes 'il. is D,~slSary 'to o od , be.rofie' a ss am ' bU n t h rocl~cr geU: b u o l i : b e r : s , ,t : I I i J . o , R COlllY£rulen . , A ' r ' :.'!jJ. . .. . I U l c s c n < !kD.. ~. .. II e r c rS 0 th t"", V~'§ .::'...lllIf'C,. ,J,:U 'VlI~","" 'V_ u.~: eroced ~:... 'V'T sep3Lra.tc iil:ptB:f me,-Cu8J:iUJll N ~ . : _ , e a~ W J E l , B ' W l u w va '~ 1::..... lU !jK:tt i.et, us suppose , ' l O u r . lel1;1[n!~ m i l O W'I) tne nrst careI O ~ ' a n '[h:~/t i~ m ~ ~ , t m u ~ : r , g f b . r B , J IlOW r , e a d , Y ' to h_a:veth barrel ,
"'iIiii
.
f(..;
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tbat
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pdgeo'll ciI,cips; are ll
Pirst, m a te 'pil.ee~, d l ! 6 , n , ' M t h
[ G l e a m , f u l l e r ~ ~ SlnMI th !finIS, ~and s:mt o f t h pi:S't,c,m, '\vrn'th lO,n th a m e : gn ld e y , c J l u intend 'Ita us fo fKim.&, m a ~~ grooves fu : ~ i J , rthis, 'will ' [ J m ' o v i d e ' st o r- e , o f ~bat th loil 't e e ve r t h 8 ta r: t~ n ,g '" "u ~ p eriod~ S,meal' Ute w i J . , o l e SI1ll"~" barrel U k ·e :M S ~ t he n : sl ip ' i'l o y e r 'tile, p:iston. I~ace o f easmg the dIl.I~'.01'01 p'~ace with their. gaps ~ s , t a L c r e r e d r,o'uud l4kl
'IU' 'IU'N' N'[N [N
.
fO', fO',[I [I SP'I SP'Ilm lm
the e!ircl e!irclll llmfermfer-en, en,oo oo ,; do Det o m i'i' t t h base ,8;as'~ct~Of pa,ekins, w 3 h m , i f'f' a Dy re 'tiD b e u s e d O n o m ' e n g i n e s it is D H D l t eas:y '0 handle the ri~DgsitlS'tite, '£ll' '£ll'~er ~erwe we baml,. due, -peJ:baps, to h e p rer e s e D - O O D , r ' fiDrl.,qt, (£ Is ds, nd none lof 'the conventlou.at ring oomplfCSl~D:n; are, andies ~o,oJ ~o,oJ1S,I Stripi much us e i t b e r . ~ The ~im,plest, a nd nd . andies ,& l D . , w j , ( ; 1 l e " be,Dt '~'DI to e i r c r l ! . 1 : m " " 0' 'Ullfi, S H $ e t 'metalll' ~~refloo 'Qr t .h .h e p i t on on . u . ,pulled 'U,P"M:tha Simtilllj b o i t 'b :o :o o ,u ,u p 'the U ,g ,g hn hn y r ijij J~ J~ ; pe pe d with pliers, 'Co the; : p r e v e D D : tj,lmmitn:s t j,lmmitn:s in th tCJbamr~r barrel, an ~r pi,s~o'nb as e n t e r e d h a 1 l ~ w , 3 : Y I I I tthe Stripl ff 'simply by r e m , o r v W I l I , g ; th bolt bolt .. ll p j s : t ~ o n rings", and 5~Dft'bed ea cannot t e ' U il 'rings in p3/rticular,~ a r e f ra r a . g l lele : t ut tbey' ar bro&~rl 'w'he~, onoo the b a hias gO[fl,fJ ~iIr'ied OiU,t 'too, ell1lrully'" ra ' titi o , eattlD'D,t Altcu·.., 0:.[1 t h e o p e ra w ilil ds ds , T ,Q ,Q 't ar ar t be ~ngine [a , I r e ' w ' runes to spread 'the ei e Y e R ~ Y I'Rd 'Mpe e~)a~s.:,fro,m the p i s , t O D lC't,o,vm~, 'mait_mg' ssure ure 'the 'CO;DULc~i'Dlfaces Bead, an ....ad a d o;fter 'mait_mg' ,O ,W ,W A b , Y ' carefully up'teWq! I b m ~ , U,..CI~iU'l." b o l : ' d'le m .e.e 1l1l d d ,O cacb, bO~l,R filuiUOD, , o , a ,t,t u m im fC"ta, DOll, d e ' n '0 btaiD ,wn,
,amoUD,t ,amoUD,t Oft£IlSil01 Oft£IlSil01llll
~hi'
F.milUy, cbe~t : y , ( n 3 i ~ l O O m p ( N S S i o n rstlo e m £ i U y lind em'~ mo f ' it UPI' 'tose'~r witll :any r e~ e~ ~ ev ev aI aI t d e ta ta i b ; u 'C 'C h a s ~ y p mo -,8,p -,8,p l a t e s ud [S'[J' 'o',r~1in :J0llr 00'_,1-' be r pi's;tO'l1,D pi's;tO'l1,D . u m be boo,k, boo,k, ud l O m e 'mOfcm,Gc wilJ.,hav~' been ctlm,p~e~ed.OJ
142,
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I'lf , a n . y a , irir - o f 'ballity a bo mRmSPI~ bo u h e D sc sc m pArt f' 'Cna:pte.r work. eo'm,p(risru cams gjving :I, m!lcUfi~ trnlnblg 'pa:y to :it m p , k e ' D , 'trial Issem'bt, 'with lonly s ' w D g l e spring Oft each, 'valve, ,o Limewhi~n oc~e at 'in' ofoly ' o n G el 00 iD ,on8010 0', Illid IC'lOS.tOg, points" t lh lh e fW fW t s e '. he it m'IY' d i m cu cu U t o meISU!Il'~ t h ~ Q ' overlap ~ith exa .:cH,.. .:cH,..
ar t.d.o. t h i S exhaust valve, ecau ecause se ie d a u t o/ o/ ki ki ng ng , 'lb~ b a ck ck ~a ~a s. s. h ~ n U],'8 r i y '~fl,I llll l ' w r o n direction" b e s t scquen'~ 'o operr.atioDs fo,:r lay' pa;rt1cul~ e ; n , g J i m c : d e p e n d s cD;ti'rel~" u po po n ' - ~ i,PI n:Rl1.J' ease d!Jil po<'ln:ts, '~)O' 'wI,ten I c [ o se o ck ck , e r se l y i n C O D J l.l. ~ tltl O ':': D w,ith th ,8J}f) similar" o rpJ~nI;tW,e;oneclay in, rel'l'ti on 'to th 1 , d d i . i t o D '~·OlorpJ~nI;tW,e; v al al v - ,stems, al l t h e ' mov.lng oompoD,e'rds 'mUR b . a s r~ittij,on IOUJ~ of1c ~t 'mot~IOnj s ll ll e a s J Re Re xxm m_ 'ff,eeas 'POH~b~ M,d th :r-ockers o r r oc oc ke ke r U ] p po p o r s ' t n 1 : U B t b e e U m ~ m a tc tc d~ d~ , ,rietk~(D in al ~dliImnt ,t3l;!elory omes omes 'm:t 'm:t Th m a ' t t e r , trom ' tb tb a . ' _ , o f ' ' F r i c t i , O l 1 l ln tba rest thIle:Dgme~ v er e r y u nd nd e si si r ble, sim:pl,l/ subtracts frOlnl t b 1 e l ~lf,l;tI,e 'b a m o u n t 0:' p ow ow e m e i~ potent[~Uy c a p a bl.~ ~~f OOV\}io'plng, 1 I l d. TIle,f~,rmtr~v e D , tbouoh seem~~~y i M ~ g n i f i , c a m ' ~in i, n MlUIiD,t, 'QID h_B,yt th~mueh m o r e S~i.l'OU-S effect o , U m r [i'rn,gth maximuM :fe\1$.. by lower"~I, '~_tl t,~eed, lietum~d, d, ,[r'om 1 1 f t ~,y the a1 v 1'001'( ca be lietum~ I"t, ' w ' r u Q b . h e v a1 pflags:t wbj,ch have to ,Ovg:[iC~)me ~fdction pn..se'n~ lJ(f/o", t h e : , c o m m e nc nc e , 'E close 's:peeds ' th th e I n e r titi a 0. the ' v a ; ~ : v e ,g;e:II' ]'I;, S!m.a,n,~ : a n d , A'~ there is 'p,tein" ,of ex cess s , p r i m g ~ , r O ! f C l e ' ,av~ ,av~ab abie ie to Oi'\liereO,me ftictb"D~ but a s L e s p e o o rises ~lOWa:Ir,da d i : ~~ ~ ~ , 'die ,eJ)ceIs, ,o s;prio,g..folilce ove b},ert b},ert:~, :~,bb e c a m e l p r 'O ~ S Jv Jv eJ eJ , m e s s. . Tb~
tude
1-43
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i JN JN DE DE 1f 1f t;t; fIfI r4 r4 :8 :8 A AS : 5i5i E E N
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to ' w h m c h t U w Y ' b e a r ' 'L BdtU'l] dimJnls'bea the 'Y,llv~"' 'Y,llv~"'rruu ft and sheu ~be'w,~ubers ~be'w,~ubers ~nd s(noft,enmg; the ' I I l o t i ~ , the side i c ' [ e a t a ' l ' J J c e
'o
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thus O O C g m , 0 ' s proportiona'fei,y both. VB'~Ves,c ea ea s t o fo 'ID' th
fr.iCtilO(ft
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tbe ow e r p e e at a" ; m ~ H = b , l ow wri'tbrnl~. , I iv iv i ne ne : t h e lIunUer' s o n - l , e Icotlsjderation~ o c e r a n IM'm-;rOI~~ o w ~ s must then~for then~fore;. e;.be lIb51Qi~'U t'e:l,Y f ~e ~e e o m t b. b. et et r pins, 'ha,ve ellou,gb, l e . n d - , B ' D a , ~ 'to CDIUfe tblll't t h e y e a n e o t 'possibiy bill:d, at nlo:n :i 'tem,pemtJUm" IC'lsl,onally spiral, w.l:slllers ar ,fitted 'to and m ) CJl.d''':p ttl~, but ,elIDmiua seuree ,ra:cln,1 it 'S better IOmplae:: 'these y' diS,t8JiC~p i e c e s ' W b e a]llpmpr]a\~e t!bic'knesSl~ F el e l t w a s h er e r s ar s o m e t i m e s 'Used to retam oil, an U D : S u s : p c c ~ e d s e o f bmdlimg if ~'})' ,1E,d, 'tbil!.se , e a n d e , o f '~nsuflic,ilen't~y- e s i n ~ : r n J ~ ma:teriaL aee to 'thh:~kor m a de n d e :~ :~ th th e
closins
01
R3di~1..alve a , r u d g e ' an
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'I... L,! ~Ill':, o m m r- 1()c~er ~ayiou~Nrue:, I'GSS.. puts ,3 r e ~ u a m 0 l J i, -o I'GSS.. ''loading loading '00 " t h i e ,In ear! P,g~: (b,clSB']"oekJ~l~S, at right'1-
~l
es
ef c'he he
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s id i d e s : [ i"i " f ,t,t h e ,a:ent;r.nI bosses, M'd
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an c I O , : f tbelr b e l llll l ~ m : P l ,e ,e d tltl, there' i s n o c iill an ,ea.awayt ' w b e , E I , I t b , e , : r,r, ococ k c - p ,l,l nsn s ; ru1~y L i , p m J e s s, C ! r y Ide5,~able ' C I j u a H t y inl w ' , ~ ' y r e F a L f " , bu ,~t is, fDta~ to :f:f);ehiev,e );ehiev,e it at th expense o: r r u g r o d i~y'" l b e r ,B,B . , th I ,a ,a l te te r i s lack-mg' at high s,p~ajdSl' w , h e n 'tn,e l o a d s are, hea,vrn~t~
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q u i 't't ~ : I d i I 'e'e r e n from '£ite o, th valves w i l l ~1 res .'i' in, fact J! \fI','" r-,oc:k:e.r im D O ' .:.: 'M , a " ' ' ' . . . i;Hi ,='-""""" I'CtuaU,,. m a d e heQvi,er than 'those in 'their 'touring C01Jl1,terpum, '~oensure a i e na na ne ne e o f p·ower ,a't : ~ m g b p',' In thi~ thi~ COJlllWUOD one of'tltLe main V M a g o f h e double o.h, cam.shaft ,btY01]]t is th ,elli.mmation 1 £ ) , 1 . ' 'pla~es 'pla~es bcmea1 bcmea1 c a m ~ a n y,aI es 'wltem f tete x r e (i',I" lest , W O i U O D m ' i g h t ,ooomr [locker a r e : su Broadl, ~:p, ull: th rm I e , , ' a, [locker su b j ec ec te te d to be:mdill:o,g l o ~ ~ s _ ' w h i c b al ,l\ea,vmes't close tOI ',lle, P O D l ' t 0(' sup'poifit ,and f~dI: iD'U~''£0 zero '3,t t h e p c d nt nt 'l'l s o , f,f, ccoo u 't't . lc lc t at elch extre:mil:Jt The '000 tr 1part o, the Z-}s~'pe-d 1 " 1 o c l r a ' I 1 1 t n l a : U , fit!ted, '~ p I U S h-ro ~ D s r n : r n e s ; is su bjec~e:d mainly to torsion 'Q,r wi o f constant \l!alu(!JfnlW ad ~'O em o v m e ta ta l re ' i f h , o s ) Q , a t w ' h ic ic b The only safe: 'pllce~s, r em Dg m ; O I 9 ' t :aUen:ti,olll ~b'-e~sis ~b'-e~s is clearly ' ~ o ' w n,om~lJsu::n'~11 (0 arms, since t 1 1 , e - s C J p o , n i o n $ ,m(rV0 at 1 l " e · l·.dghest s p ee 'sizea,ble ,amoUDI ee d s . . I ~s o ' f l - e n p . o s ~ m . b ; ~ B ~ O ! grind 'OllJ th faces v ~ d m c h , , e o , n J a . ( r t :t&, v ,a,a lv lv lc lc 's's i o r t l reduce ,th~ ~Jiejsht,o 't!b,e ~)erewed H!v;lj H!v;ljust uste:n, e:n,:: S l o m C i t i m e s ,fiued. A.l.lho~gb b e e co co m m D ;d ;d e rltJl: to re u;ci[' u;ci['Ilg I lg fbe, , s e c ' l i ( H ~ , f' th arms 'it is wh,o~c rocker in order to I,ood, plan It 'poUsh, 'mo~o' o' 'the 'mo~ o, i~
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ac km km g . . mmnimiZI t'hl!! leIla[l,ce 16;f' fa'tjpui~ c r.r. ac , O C Q u r in tit rocker m o u n ~I: UD,t~s;s this ,FI,e,_'DrC b ~ ~ t ' e d , very firmly 'to, th h e a d , Anyone tu iOI!] ne 'the held betw betwee ee sldeplates rockers held o ld ld e e J g ; n c ¥riUl, th ".,'1...:1
om
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t h m m : i D holes, Sa,mc O O i J t [ . O D S J of me Pyth Python on engine we is , : R $ Pe Pe c t 1ht; eross-reckers bemS held. in ']0 t h is le i ' th th e . h: h: ea ea d by lath I;~-el,pressing attaehed ' le lathe! e! inae inaece cess ss le set~chw e r e 'I o'th , d : r u f f i j , t m t t,o 'li;!"':~It6n a n d ! s - - _ ~n;r~, me n ;r~, w I . . ~chw w re r e ig ig n ~ em em ed e d y is '& l ta ta ; v " f .b .b e p.r-ess.iln:gs electric-an" are..w e l , d e d l to tb h e a -d -d , ' th th i s :pr,o~~ b~ing', p r e f e ~ F - ' le ' C O l acety'[eJ!lle w e l ( l ~ : r n b e ca c a u s o f t l lJlJ e , a h s - f m C C otdJsuu~lioq risks" he r f r o m , Durslumln, IC,f' Pu•. [\O~ ar mw m ad a d e e : i:i: t he e a r u0 0 . . blgh...e a i l is mmpo,rtu,t '& , c b e c t : 'tn:l;t 'they absolute];, s t r m : l b t . (by fol!lmg th~m a l o , l l S : s U J . r t a c e pla:~) w s tha dleJt n a ; v , e mo b e e n b a d . ~ y beJl:t BIod, re srb'aish,mnm_ f lolo d . ' \v\v w c h ,h been 5;0' 'tre2l'ted is 'because alwa,J's U a b ~ e to ,O 8,83 ln. If s p a r e s fUie DO'. lQlbb1ina,b~e'~,
ijpt-aUo:y t u b ,
is ' O l e : C O £ O O C ' [If'ade~ If'ade~
'to specllieatioD
d i J su su aJ aJ , mebein,G' i - m l ! . d la la l lIlI l 8t 8t e ~ 61 Ii W ,J ,J : J ThiI; ,]S bmd, bmd, gllu gllu,p ,p 'because: ' d l e hOR is sHgbdy Md~r c a n J i us us ~ , _ - r e am am e d o u t to ' t b a : lize~ a k 1 i e o fitoop" h e a m fitted t!lnlaJl.y '01" mterrnallY:j t'h~ mus;t t~ah~(ftffile:nvili1" ' t n _ , e n d s , Q , f r t b e w'be will, hammer' "tay .i te , ta ta p jd jd l y. y . . ' Ir Ir ' 'the 'tube is steei n s e lolo , I O f t i , g b ; t a U , o r ) ' 1e e a ,llum,P; s _ h , o u ' 1 d be secuml:y r s w c ' '!ed in phl:oo w J t b ' ~ i n . . . mlJll'~&older, e - o m " p ' h ~ t e ; m y PCiDIUtd.'lin ILiIe 'w'hole joi!tt., In ~ o m G des\ des\tp tp th push r o d s r e 0 ( - , luidicfaJblc l e ; m , g t 1 ~ l ; ~ , tu b e s o : f larpt , d i , o , m . e t e r m;o'y'pa te ,cx:perim,c1ll: 'w th ' tu 'C"
wmetllet
or h.vl~r pu:;e;; ums:a!S,pee~ edbuck~ilng,may take take plac plac ~It speed ,. Md mll ba:~e th ; s a : m e bad e f JoJo o m . a s :ll!lt :ll!lt,~' ,~'re' re' i"n the roekers
hl
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oc c ls ls io io n aU aU J f tlr.la !(illS: beavy 5Jd~•. Ta:ptp-~ts, o r p m m ,-,- r O ( $ a r e , oc y o u , re w , e U a c . q : t : m m t : e d d'I,e to -'the " pw pw l c e o f a.djusten., th regard to w i t h 'the Icnginl's ,b;lt'bits, \vben, eerreet ' y a J v ~ ' e l e a :::: r :r:r m m ,slome'thing ,i to 'b , g a m e d by m a k ,s io n,()ID,,,a,djlJ8t~ble e o , m p o , n e D ~ B m l W l l s,e:nim\1 y' adjustmEl,ts; 't'CI t IL d u ~ :,:, ct ct ea ea r m ce ce s e itit he he . IL e p ~ .s .s h . . .r o ~ eDith l A ; f ~ ' ,iIlL 'thiekmcss ,"-'b-, iiiiil,' l o r : " i l l - ed ,~rn~, :I.'rmrc)inl'i~'te LR - - l rt rt ' L J I 8 ,~iij'i',U / d , g · b ~ l ' i F r . . . 1u,-" r, ~:r~ ends, ef'the val¥c s ~ e m s ~ ThCs'c compro,n~n:m a r e , fi,tted t~ v e l1 l1 ' r Jl Jl ftft e fitted as standard m io io l m i w ~ r ' b " : t for -.::al;o;"'·~"' ,~I: 'i'dIe O ' *...,...', ...' 1 ~'l1UI;.;ll!!;.!,g~ m~:g _em, IUP ,~nwV'l! rt'!.,.~ 8,t~, tn on,:'1 ,u a n r . , Alii.
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ered by quenehin.g in oil f r o m ~ : , S O ° C, b e e re d
o ce t V en om , iper p u s h r o d 1 i ,snding ,fit in steel s:fucvcs~elearanec be~Dgmeasured by feeIDet'... between th sli3.h't savi iln '\~ i, ,t can be gained " l I y 'eeping th ai~pair for r c h e . c l d n , an making UPI II. new P '& l W iU l fixed.up.s f o : r u n ln g , T h wi·' O'UE h e e e h em e e r_ ' ~as, to a p p l y ,tlg.side-v,alV'npefl with. their ftat"'l~opped tappet th m.ethod, is '1 'to! tb, rwasting adjus,Cable ,p.ak~ c o r. re c ~ ,ngth, as I I - u ~ e s f, :'ta eltlot [ 1 1 " w h i c h to iieh m ad e ~.-,gth ,f t h u o n- ad j us t -> OUll s,uve stee h q rt L n e 'o th ends by q u e n c m n g ' , bd ht e d 1 1c a t ~ wl:~er S o m e D ' m . , s ,b r u 'm s ' O r n i e c e r r e e t U U C K n ! - S S tor p~acinsuIld, ~tem ca ~. -aJllbt· 'wb: IIll ',dj Llf.rt.. ~ ' w l U c b e.mploy -" ;Js~em:~ D , : ~ am ba IC1J~t~n S '- ' ' . r a " ry ' s.ubstitutes, C 8 ' 1 J : J ,bowever sum,... d i C I ' fr om - se ef I: l!.r gauSMlI this, m,Rl! , c i i C i n J ' t ~ y l m : r d 't wnbstand tb r1 )"[1 :__ du ty e n : t , - d, Th
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1) PilliDn wll.t.el p er /e c 1 11 2 'S h sH,111 b u ck lm l , . . If l1Q,tl.l:ki«s./t., m.o~·e (111If e~~ufv. bocldaJ/f. ,ffll.plnln~ "i'Q w. whett'I' tQ It"". (J)!/ 10'0 ffl#ctf ,iXlc.Jd- ,hll~n','- C J o : D H ' r I I:!'lr to rlg-hl'~ I)Ill) lJa,,;klash'.Io.!h.1f.f!1" pillion"
,e
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fl th_
: : . : f f e t 1 t · o f i n c r ,emil ,found i' ''If oftea ~l iU : : 8 U l . ~ ~ IW~UJ1'W~! - 1 1 . :. . . a, is a'E~'in,et!: O O l e - n m D ~ n s t, mperl'Jl.e to is th lf [the omgt.m88 o f O_,~-:'-·'. in 'QOUpfil -' I e ' i b e v -= · J. . s h a J 1 slom;: -,ey I.ho,'ul-, le = , jbs't r te e amp 'I :slide , n '1 ~~rdOways,_ Y re ~ Q p e d ·~,w c O U P U I8 S f]
la
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m · . ~ 5, m e~ f w h '.'I' mOl. b " ~ : in c o r r wJ ortooatJeil)"~ ; -h a J U h , o o n s i S ( - - _ D r t with abse idJ.r-, 'l1ei-I· er,' the,,·~: s e a r s IU) theJf belllrm,~, Cftr ay got -' -= ossi"'ble 't IB u sD D en t i s l- uIty It bu n h 1 . ~ns:, ·sir rcctny 11 by m ,o W n " o u l gears ne £;Icb 5, ,&1 :-I:p,pr· xi i, ,pide- th inner. ends , o f l b , '_'tb pair. dd ,e.~1 tS,ey j ru J 5 t e v , I- : wj o ·b > pus tlHougb. the po ,0'[ int 'f" eetion, tW is 0' th OO !e~one 0 1 ' " both gears m u m o v e d . in the, a'p,pfo' -,'iate idili icn, _jtl1c.-r .ci:y a d d i n g shim,s o r s ld m , 1 0 ; - 'the ' Y e r - i . e a l shaft. bush. a n henee its: b . . o u i " Dg;~ t b . ' bush, ,~tse.]l;; S in ,c e ' th e c am sh a crown wheel,wB USUlIl 'IloCft'(.ed by I!. b a a c o m e d i t an c 1_
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with. bar-d, J l J m e k r ~ ,pl,1ti~g r' c l 1 : r o m " ' 1 O I I i p J ' a t i lt g . ')' sma C o , n " r sc ] of r~Dd-e~earu_ _ r .d c a l s h ,ft , a s s e m b ' y ; ; p ,_ : - s se D '[ 1 m 1 :J t
il1 tlIn
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up
mus;t be
be el shafts os:_ If must '. a:teht i'f " ~ , e : bancl has een short,c'ned a p p . r e i G i , a b l y , . If' I~ n o , e i ~ · . anee ',-,lUS~ll'l ,ISpessn ie to 3. 'tuc u ' lliuw,g wroea'l me :e ds tb v\e~&baIl'S SDa It 'Tbis praces,~ o w , cw r , m u s l10t overdone t" the Q' IC· ,ta,ct 0" 'h coupling 'li'l'llgu:e WJ be seri,ous~y rledl'tlced~[(',ata future date th barrel is p a c k e d up a8~.J1on c o m p r e a , ~ € ] t] J p l a t e s it w i b e n ec ~ sa r to obt.ain either shaft 0[" s c m e cO'upUngs, ,with Ufck,. centfi ,SII other-aBge wws-'the uppermost o ng u w i net fu f1 .-~yiB e n p g e m l c n t4!}i de
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(uft) T h e ' t i ~ $ !J J u . Q I 51'NJ'I~ If:k,arll1llC~ oj€) m.-'t'
th~' "pp~r
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jo.fJl .. '(Right) .A O O ' m " whicl., C f ; U , 1 , f 7 ~ - O . r " fot;lt C'Ig,e'd'
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te This u D c U i .O D 1 5 like !Y ~O' failure IS b e m e a l ,in 't1l. t O ~ m l " g u e w , r u n . be s11lbjected to ,8 cle:sttuc~iyecomb i i n a u ' D l I l o f h ea r I. ben Wn,g loads instead p ur e & he ar ' a s m ~ e nd c d by t h e ; d e s i , g n , g r , . , Tl er a , small oppnrt wlity 101 savinI WBi,p't '" i~_, ver JCI tu!,'_ ,&D,u, [ \ 1 1 . 1 r,e.t,am;Ri,~ rm\g-uu'rs, i!}Y m~l!, mese fO'f' t h e , tube D,d U g h t , :a.lloy:" lIsi~:; ura1:umiD lt~R. aliy f~(1'nl\l,ly stf\onS ,aU~y.'1 5u,eb 'Dr D,.'T.,e'i 4,2], fo 'the DUi~~ ,!±,Q'Ss,'ibly 'the b ~ v , e ' I . , i . s l u d \ b o u s m " m s ~ ' w i t h , 'th' top b~v'ei-lslot,.
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c a m , 'b . r - e - 8 b a , p e d , hand 'Wilth. oil-s,mrt¢" but .ir ~ e ~ ' £ ~ _a ,~ p t b ,. ,~ e l '® e r . 't b ia n .(~30 '.,is. present, r m ~ t ~ ll ve~r Ol on ma ha letft, and new rocker are little ~C' ire""CIlmehadeJ],edl ,req'nilred~unleo!s t h o r ig m a :~ s cm nd P:fOCe$, wbicih I1tJ!Ufld", o m e S lc m o d ep a rt m en t le willin,g ' ~ O 'lcan-t eut, :projoct' ,o m a k i n g , 0. __lr it :is d~&i.red '~IO 1 ~ 1 U : -b ark c ' kl e It~e1 ;; ~~,W : s e t 01 f o U a , w 1 e r s tt ,3!% ms~ba;'tide,liug a n e :x ce ne m . ' m at er ia l ' ~ hu 0 4 in, rlem,aimule:f ,o ' £ ~ I , .0 ,; 5S i n OD th COntlliCt flees,. ut tb ie :lb~: sll~aee I _ B o n l d . b ~ k e" p lo,ft by I c o p p e r , . .p : m a t i n g belare uisliug , , % , ,b~~,~JJiDg~ilAD e v ' ~ b e U e r . J : o b aa b~ m,ad 1~,""]Jard~un:!: I & e c ' E O ' S ' , p c \ - c i ' f i t a l t i Q E I S , : 8 : 'wi-ttl loolting \0
f ! J , 1 ! . 1 U . 'f E N G A G ! ~ O
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p o (! ti o n . ae t
8'
lmpnll'flet lubIU'::II'DOD
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Cam, :Jlo'I]loft\ers
C o m in g b ac k to pllm .. tlle tam ,~o.Uo,wen irs~mmpolrtl.m,t.
s,
mrotors~
'D,f b , ~ , SteUi'~e:~'~he lOrn')];... i s h ea t . tlea:~ed,'b, C Q o U · D ! S ~Ji'fl\om, 8 3 0 ' D ! att. h ap . W l d ed , wld~, " t b ,e f am s a r ':limU, , m r - O T u n d , "i Ste~Uh~' 'i~not v e rn - b a l ' bu t ' w i1 l , wiijlstEm,dI 'V1!'ry ,n;rduOIJ8 L S : , 1 J J D l i ~ CBI;..bardened, tre~;tm~a't~ ' d lo . ,u t l I Pl lF O O i ble w e :rnftUlrllce bea'I., ,sl'~eel.,it d o e s DO~ :s,often flea ~,u.,t [ b e ; bJs'b:rd y' ' p o l ; l s ' I U D I 10 dead,.. iiil, S:tel~~ e d , ~
POD _ : ' I 1 t ,
I~
I_
ffeeD/eS,
P'foC6dure with levcJ 'foIUO'W'ersis 'S~m U a t ba 't , ~ o r t h ,o\'erhe.a.d : r - O ; C , K e n , : ; io a d d i ti o , if' o :f ' h e r ee ke r b ea : n p o , pl shuw' 'IUl T i C b . e s ' w h i c h ale undmly b b d , o r WOrD!! i m i d i : c a t i r l ; lack, ,of l'ub,r.:b:a;tio.D a.QditioDa~, il ' la i c I e ,Dr ' D i e t ~uiDd .toto th~ ~nd,face ,0,[ th bush, may 'im",[fl,e matters, ,A little w e i g h t m l : Y 'saved 'b j u d . i e ] , Q ! 1 l l l S , :redu,cth)o here an h e e ; b u 'lIt. is 1\ : m m s , t ' m t , e : to r e m o v e 'tQO 'math. fram 'the regio o f t he , f o U o w e t . . ].oottbJ's, m l a " m m x d "t o ea l o rv m : heatinG wifll i o o r w s e q m e n t so;ftmrlng' : a n d ! rapid, WfJ;.Ir'i' ' De p en d . . ,m OD,'the s ha :p c o f tb8 cam a n c e rt a 1 ' h e f . O l c ' t ~ 't1ler,e, k e pID.aee ,and mhiirilmnM a r e a o l \ (l e :r .whicllrnbblng: o n o t foot, to ' b e : a p r p 'f n 6 c l; ab ~ 7 ' O I D · , P i \ " ' t b a m i~ " , s , :a.dv,~jbt,p
,·so
S ,£ d l it e' ~ '1 ' w , e Id e d t o · (b . e
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, s m ' o o U I smrface
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W l m n r e e o n . d l ' i lioDing makillg B,ew f o n o w e r s I C , o r mDlsnafl: mckers) 'wi'. lourv0ci -fleet " ~ t ~ ; O I 'ltld~ D 1 i 1 l S . ' ~ , b ; :mmd~ a,lIle is '~hll'~, n 1 l ! w , u ; s , curvature d,O&!, n ' ( J 1 tld~er , t h e timing' n , t : s, 'Ii, but tbl~it does , s W e e t t b e ; ~ , a " k : - I O i r ~ - ~ I e : ~ 'l ti o n , , ; , ~ oth~r w o r d s if 'yOUl. '~iibititum :radius ,o the e , p t D : i : n . s . an Ic~o~g points, m W i $, u re d , :for'one ' ~ . r am b ' u : t h e , i n it i a a r . o e t , e r a : u . o n 'ID d e ,g r - Z S w i E l r e m a in , t h greater .'th, 'n.;! llVl=:r. : r ,a d i : u s, ~ T h e r s ~ o .l l 'point is (hilt ' t b i e ,'li~t-a,nce·ucitween ' t h e ,rooker 'DeDU,e , a n d , th 'b eontaet w m ' l b tbe), cam Idoel ,affect the timim,l~ A , d j f F e ~ l i .
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he ,oldy !o~'" lOODnD,tU~ 'Vu~elJ 'Or'~rg,¥C\r'[ O U O i c r 'ilt~d '£V~ II, flc,UnF':iop;~a,~, I, saUd foot~ nd a s t he i b w u i n ; - : in,dte ol 'nooesS'arily' wr &mnl~,:heal"vi '-ca.ded :lInd, 1 ' 1 H ' l l t reo 'w-eUlu,'brica'ted~ WD,f d : l £ i v e ~ , o p s , a . t a p e o d " Replacinl, th :lettsl :I, I C W ; F . e ' J l 'b,u.t ' w bi le , t he ~ spins Mvlsa,b~e to ' c f l e C L k th m;a'oded '~I is '['01 er bo'~~s for' o l ' Y B 1 H y ~ If 'tlwy ar ap. IDU~ o u o f 1'0un til II ,!rmei 'bar ad e,mery p u r e " after wbieb ioyej~siZ_4· siae ,g vl'D.g JJO,2.. n," lo'l,a ranee in th 'plns wi 11 re ,~apJ?ed.out hiO~gs, T tl 'l ! h o le s i n Il1'e O ID o w e r ~self must be en~a;rgetl to U,pt m a d e '~T,om :silveI' drii¥e fit die D e , w ' .pjllS,~ \V'rutb ca s~eel.hardmed, , 3 J E J . d ' ~ e m p c r e d tO 9l straw ' C O ln 1 i l ' U lr' in th cent t he m . hu blued at th ends 'to e na b be riveted i[jivc,r after assem bly., :~:h)mB I ! ' , a ; c i m l g , ~A"P~ e ng w n, e , em . o l y e d , ro leIS o n ing on n ee d l . r. oller 'bea.r] hieh. 'were C J : - U ~ t 8 J an impr.,Q\1'em:.Dt 'over 'lh~ plmn vui,et,Y, If some Setlt',i.OiLt1'S ddretil u c a s ~J(.tensi-ye. ! a t $ . , O l f : p m : t n n , g of h e m r eu m fU e D l J e o f th r o U e : w s " is i n l ev id e ;n o e i~ best 't o a r i " b o , l1 \ - . I % , r e ,p " ~ ae eh e m s p ar e s aN'Uaobtainable rh c h l' o' R] ,e s .t ee l b o w n a s t )r il lr a c; e S I ~ e e M (S,.pes" EN :I1) ,ils abont
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