Transmissions Line Transformer Protective Relays

Transmission Line, Transformer & Protection Laboratory

Transmission Line, Transormer & Protection Laboratory

Contents Re.no

Product

Page

MV 1431-1

Static Relay Trainer

4

MV 1434

Distance Protection Trainer

6

MV 1435

Dierential Relay Trainer

7

MV 1437

Frequency Relay Trainer

8

MV 1427

Relay Tester

9

MV 1918-1

Digital Timer

9

MV 1911

Transormer single-phase

10

MV 1915

Transormer 3-phase

11

MV 1972

Transormer 3-phase

11

MV 1919

Oil Immersed Transormer

12

MV 1931

Current Transormer

13

MV 1933

Current Transormer with Loads

13

MV 1934

Voltage Transormer with Loads

13

MV 1420

Line Model

14

MV 2221

Line Model

15

MV 2222

Line Model

15

MV 2225

Petersen Coil

15

MV 1424

Line Model

16

MV 1425

Line Model

17

MV 1438

Cabel Model

18

MV 1932-1

Universal Energy Meter

19

Loads

20

Rheostats

21

Power Distribution System

22

Laboratory Layout

23

Flexes

24

MV 1429

Terminal Board

25

MV 1104

Variable Transormer 1-ph

25

MV 1103

Variable Transormer 3-ph

25

MV 1300

Power Pack

25

MV 1305

Mobile Motor / Generator Unit

26

Terco reserves the right to make changes in the design and modifcations or improvements o the products at any time without incurring any obligations. 3


Protective Relays MV 1431-1 Universal Relay Trainer The equipment is intended or practical training in static relay and relay protection engineering or applications i n power systems.

Following relays are provided: 1.

Microprocessor operated double over- and undervoltage relay

The Universal Relay Trainer MV 1431-1 is an integrated training system including dierent kinds o static relays, which are common in relay protection systems around the world.

2.

Microprocessor operated double over current relay

3.

Microprocessor operated multi-unction directional / reverse power relay

The static relays used in the experiment unit belong to the well known ABB COMBIFLEX relay system.

4.

Instantaneous over current relay

5.

Two types o auxiliary output relays

The Universal Relay Trainer MV 1431-1 does not only include static relays, it also contains a current transormer, a voltage transormer and an internal power supply. These components are all tted into a sturdy steel cabinet with a ront panel on which all sub units can be connected using either 4 mm saety sockets or 2 mm signal plug terminals. The choice o 2 mm signal plug terminals makes the unit compact and suitable or experiments with t he trainer standing on a table.

6.

Multirange time-lag relay

7.

Flag / signal relay, double unit

Built-in are also :

Mimic diagrams o the relays with large clear symbols are printed on the ront panel. Sockets are also provided or test objects.

•

Onecurrenttransformer

•

Onevoltagetransformer

•

Internalpowersupply

Supply voltage 220-240 V, 50-60 Hz, 1-ph

The rack carries a selection o the static relays used in modern electric power systems.

4

Dimensions

510 x 280 x 570 mm

Weight

30 kg


Protective Relays The laboratory manual or the Universal Relay Trainer MV 1431-1 covers rom basic operation principles o each relay up to giving an introduction to the theory and the practical handling o typical situations where static relays are used to protect certain objects in or instance a power plant. The protected object may or example be a transormer, a generator, a bus bar or a eeder. The ocus o the proposed experiments is not only the dierent measuring relays, but the surrounding auxiliary relays are also described and used to build a relay protection.

8.

Operating the Reverse Power Relay Background and principle diagram The phase lag circuit Reverse power caused by low current Reverse power caused by low voltage Reverse power caused by the angle between the current and the voltage Reverse power setting Reverse power in unstable system

9.

From the basic operation principles, which can be understood by the experiments, the students obtain knowledge about how relay protection systems are built and how they will work in dierent situations.

Advanced Experiments Earth-ault protection (95%) Earth-ault protection using a current measuring relay Dierential protection Reverse Power / Loss o Synchronization protection

Experiment Manual

1.

Introduction

2.

Identiying the relays

3.

Auxiliary Equipment

Qty

Auxiliary relay

Basic and Medium Level

Recommended peripheral equipment or MV 1431-1:

Signal/fag relay

1 pc 1 pc 1 pc 1 pc 1 pc 2 pcs 2 pcs 1 set 3 pcs 1 pc

Current measuring relay, classic Current measuring relay, double Voltage measuring relay, double Power measuring relay Multiunction time relay Tripping relay 4.

Basic Experiments Operating the tripping relay Operating the signal relay

Description

Variable transormer Terminal board Load switch Digital timer Rheostat 200 W / 5 Ohm Rheostat 500 W / 2500 Ohm Dierential probe Flex set, saety plugs Digital multimeter Clip-on ammeter

Cat.Code

MV 1103 MV 1429 MV 1500 MV 1918-1 MV 1957 MV 1963 MV 1971 MV 1830-HF

Extended Level In addition to the equipment above

Operating the current relay Time delay o the tripping relay

1 pc 1 pc 1 pc 2 pcs 1 pc 1 pc 1 pc 1 pc 1 pc 1 pc

Time delay o the current relay 5.

Modern Multiunctional Time Relay Time relay at DC-operation Time relay at AC-operation Time relay together with measuring current relay

6.

Double Overvoltage Relay Get amiliar with the relay Dene time over/under voltage unction

Rheostat 200 W / 5 Ohm Push button panel Contactor Current transormer Transormer, 1-phase Transormer, 3-phase Line model Load resistor 3-phase Digital multimeter Clip-on ammeter

MV 1957 MV 1400 MV 1402 MV 1931 MV 1911 MV 1915 MV 1420 MV 1100-235

Inverse time over voltage unction Advanced Level In addition to the levels above

The instantaneous over voltage unction The infuence o voltage transormers 7.

Double Over Current Relay

1 pc

Get amiliar with the relay Dene time over current unction Inverse time over current unction The instantaneous over current unction The infuence o current transormer

5

Mobile motor-generator unit

MV 1305-235


Protective Relays MV 1434 Distance Protection Trainer This unit is intended or advanced training in static relay technology and relay protection engineering or applications on middle- and high voltage OH-transmission lines, cables and network sections in power systems.

• Settingsfortripfunctions • Howtosettheterminal • Creatingradiusnetworkandcalculatingtheimpedance map • Faultsonamediumvoltageline(MV1424) • Faultsonahighvoltageline(MV1425) • Faultsonacableline(MV1438)

The measuring technique used in the distance protection relay terminal is based on pure numerical methods. Versatile local man machine communication (MMC) rom the relay ront panel, together with a general purpose communication port, brings distance protection relay close to the user, whether he will be located in a substation, control centre or in the students laboratory oce.

Recommended external laboratory equipment

2 pcs 1 pc 1 pc 1 pc 1 pc 1 pc

Programming and readouts are perormed rom the MMC or rom a standard PC, close-by or remote.

Features The line distance protection terminal is based on an advanced version o the distance protection relay rom ABB and includes:

1 pc 1 pc 1 pc 1 pc 1 pc 1 pc 2 pcs 1 set 1 pc 1 pc

• Fivedistanceprotectionzonesformultiphasefaults with individual setting o the directionality and reach in both reactive and resistive direction, mixed orward and reverse. • Separateandindependentimpedancemeasuring elements or the General Fault Criteria (GFC) with advanced characteristics. • Eventrecorder. • Disturbancerecorder. • Faultlocator. The trainer module contains, except or the protection relay, the ollowing unction modules: • • • • • •

InternalDC-powersupply Necessarycurrenttransformers Necessaryvoltagetransformers Breakersimulator Digitalinputspanel Outputpanelforcommunication,indications and tripping • AuxiliaryrelaysforACandDC • Software: DiscsorCDforinstallation User´s manual and technical specications Experiment manual Examples o topics described in Experiments Manual: • Electricaldiagramsandidentifyingcomponents • Conditionsfortripping • Introductiontoprogrammingandcalculationfor a distance relay • Calculatingimpedanceratio • Calculatingsecondaryimpedances • Settingparametersforimpedancezones • Settingoftimersforthedistanceprotectionzones • Selectingzonereach • SettinginstructionGFC(GeneralFaultCriteria) 6

Voltmeter 50-250-500 V A-meter 0-1-2 A A-meter 0-6-12 A 3-ph power supply 0-230 V Terminal board 1-ph load resistor 40 ohms, 2.25 A Line model OH line 40 kV Line model OH line 130 kV Cable model 5 kV 3-ph load resistor 230 V, 5 A Capacitor load bank Inductive load bank Load switch Laboratory leads Stand or lab. leads PC

MV 1926 MV 1922 MV 1923 MV 1103 MV 1429 MV 1966 MV 1424 MV 1425 MV 1438 MV 1100-235 MV 1102 MV 1101 MV 1500 MV 1830-HF MV 1904

Supply Voltage

220-240 V, 50-60 Hz, 1-ph

Dimensions Weight

510 x 280 x 570 mm 25 kg


Protective Relays MV 1435 Dierential Relay Trainer Recommended external laboratory equipment

This unit is intended or practical training in static relay and relay protection engineering regarding dierential protections around transormers and busbars in power systems. The static relays used are ABB COMBIFLEX type. The dierential relay consists o the ollowing submodules: restraint- and dierential circuitry unit, lter and measuring unit, trip- and alarm unit, signal- and indication unit together with a test block to which an external relay tester can be connected. The trainer integrates the dierential relay blocks, 12 current transormers, a circuit breaker simulator, input terminals, output terminals, transormer connection panel and operating power supplies o 230 V AC and 110 V DC. Examples o experiments:

Electrical diagrams and identiying components Conditions or tripping Settings and indications o the dierential relay Characteristics o current transormers Primary and secondary CT-currents at symmetrical- and nonsymmetrical loads Protection o a single-phase transormer Protection o a three-phase transormer in Yy-connection Protection o a three-phase transormer in Yd-connection Busbar protection

7

1 pc 1 pc 2 pcs 1 pc 4 pcs 1 pc

Experiment transormer, 1-ph Experiment transormer, 3-ph Voltmeter 250 V A-meter 1A and 2A, or multimeters A-meter 6A and 12A, or multimeters Variable transormer 3-ph

1 pc 3 pcs 1 pc 1 pc 1 pc 1 pc 1 pc 1 pc 1 pc 1 set 1 pc 1 pc 1 pc 1 pc

Terminal board Rheostat 0-5 ohm, 6.3A 3-ph load resistor 230 V, 5A Rheostat 0-50 ohm. 2.0A Pushbutton box or the breaker Switch Timer Capicator load bank Reactor load bank Laboratory leads Test handle Clip-on ammeter Ohmmeter (Multimeter) Oscilloscope

MV 1911 MV 1915 MV 1926 MV 1922 MV 1923 MV 1103 (or MV 1300) MV 1429 MV 1957 MV 1100-235 MV 1959 MV 1400 MV 1500 MV 1918-1 MV 1102 MV 1101 MV 1830-HF MV 1233

Supply Voltage

220-240 V, 50-60 Hz, 1-ph

Dimensions Weight

510 x 280 x 570 mm 32 kg


Protective Relays MV 1437 Frequency Relay Trainer The trainer consists o industrial protection relays rom ABB which has been built into a suitable enclosure together with auxiliary relays, a contactor relay, external power supplies and a connection board with a mimic diagram.

Technical specifcations:

Mains supply Fuses Internal DC-supply DC-supply for electronics Frequency range over requency 1 Frequency range under requency 2 Rate o change o requency (d/dt) Trip relay or power circuits Contactor relay, three-phase or machine circuits

The integrated protection rom ABB is placed behind a glass door and each module in the integrated relay is covered by a plastic protection to protect rom dust when not used or experiments. The connections or experiments are to be connected by 4 mm saety plugs o the lab. fex cords but may also be connected by the earlier used contact type. The trainer can be used together with most types o laboratory equipment working on a voltage level o 220-400 V.

Dimensions Weight

220-240 V, 50-60 Hz glass tube 5 x 20 mm, 2 A F 230 V DC ± 24 V 50 ± 5 Hz 50 ± 10 Hz 0,5-10 mHz/sec 5 A/250 V 16 A/500 V

510 x 280 x 570 mm appr. 25 kg

Recommended external equipment: Setting possibilities:

• Settingrangefor±10Hzvariant – Stage 1 ( 1) or 45-55 Hz or 55-65 Hz – Stage 2 ( 2) or 40-60 Hz or 50-70 Hz Stage 2 can also be used or rate-o-change o requency (d/dt) • Combinesfrequency,rate-of-change(df/dt)andtime delay unctions in one module • Absolutevaluedf/dtornegativedf/dtonly • Measuringvoltagerange20-320VAC(inputvoltage transormer included) • Timedelaysettableupto20s.

Technical description o the protection:

The over/under requency relay is a static microprocessor based relay with two delayed stages. The relay consists mainly o an input voltage transormer, lter circuits, microprocessor, MMI, LEDs or start, trip indications and three output units which provide separate change-over contacts or start indication o stages 1 and 2, trip o stage 1 and trip o stage 2 Operate values or both stage 1 and 2, are set with the potentiometers and programming switches. Both measuring stages can independently be programmed or over- or under requency unctions. Operation occurs or a requency equal to or larger/lower than the set scale value and the selected scale constant.

8

1 pc

Mobile motor-generator unit

1 pc 1 set

Load resistor Flex set

MV 1305-405 (or MV 1305-235) MV 1100-235 MV 1830-H


Protective Relays MV 1427 Relay Tester Range o application

Testing o current-, voltage-, time- and power-relays. Start-up operations where variable current and voltage are required. Testing o current transormers – ratio tests – plotting o magnetisation curves. In electrical and measuring departments or in laboratories and technical schools. Specifcations

AC current 0-10 A (85 V), 0-40 A (25 V), 0-100 A (10 V) Built-in ammeter, ranges 0-10 A, 0-100 A Terminal or an external ammeter AC voltage 0-250 V, 3 A DC voltage 0-350 V, 2 A 110 V AC, 0.3 A terminal 20-220 V DC, 0.3 A terminal (independently adjustable) Built-in capacitor or testing o reactive power relays Terminal or synchronous start o an external device Electronic timer, independent o mains requency. Measuring range 0-999.999 sec. Accuracy 0.02 % o readouts +2 ms. Terminal or external start and stop o timer The tripping circuit is equipped with a signal lamp Resistor set or voltage division etc. Thermal protection o the output transormer Mains supply

The Relay Tester can be delivered or 110, 220 or 240 V AC, 50-60 Hz. Please speciy one

Dimensions Weight

280 x 178 x 178 + 63 mm 15 kg

MV 1918-1 Digital Timer Suitable or measuring the pick-up and drop-out times o relays and or physical experiments. The timer has two inputs that can be wired either to start or stop timing. Timing is started or stopped by every change at the inputs (make or break). It is also possible to connect the timer to one o the inputs only, in which case the closing o a make contact starts the timer, and the opening o the circuit stops it. The inputs are protected or over-voltage, AC and DC. General Data

Two measuring ranges

Accuracy Resolution Height o digits Mains supply

Timer 1 msec - 60 sec Counter 1 - 65 000 counts 230 V DC max. ±0.1%ofreading±1digit 1 msec 7 mm 220-240 V, 50-60 Hz

Dimensions Weight

175 x 200 x 90 mm 1 kg 9


Transformers Experiment Transormers These transormers are designed or studies o single and three-phase transormers, by the completion o a series o experiments, which are described in detail in the instruction manuals. These include: Eciency and short circuit impedance. Waveorm o the no-load current. Inrush current. Three-phase connections. Unbalanced loading. To complete all those experiments the ollowing peripheral equipment is required:

Qty

Description

Cat.Code

1 pc 1 pc 1 pc 1 pc 1 pc 2 pcs 3 pcs 4 pcs 3 pcs 4 pcs 1 pc 1 set

Variable 3-phase transormer Terminal board Load resistor Load reactor Load capacitor Voltmeter 0-500 V Ammeter 0-2 A Ammeter 0-12 A Wattmeter 1 A, 0-500 V Wattmeter 5 A, 0-500 V Load switch Laboratory leads, 4 lengths, 5 colours Floor stand or laboratory leads Multimeter Memory oscilloscope

MV 1103 MV 1429 MV 1100-235 MV 1101 MV 1102 MV 1926 MV 1922 MV 1923 MV 1927 MV 1928 MV 1500

1 pc 1 pc 1 pc

MV 1911 Transormer single-phase Ratings

Single-phase 1 kVA, 50-60 Hz Primary: 230 V ± 5 % Secondary: 4 x 57.5 V ± 5 %

The secondary winding is divided into our windings or series or parallel connection. No load losses Po = 25 W Impedancevoltageek=8% Resistancevoltage ek=3% MV 1911 can be used or determination o operating characteristics, losses and eciency o a single-phase transormer by means o no load, short-circuit and load tests. The transormer has saety sockets mounted on a rontpanel with mimic diagrams. Dimensions Weight

210 x 150 x 210 mm 22 kg

MV 1500 Load Switch Three-pole, 16 A, 250 V- DC / 440 V-AC, switch in metal case. Front panel showing symbols and technical data. Marking o terminals

input output

Dimensions Weight

95 x 200 x 80 mm 1 kg

R, S, T U, V, W

10

MV 1830-HF MV 1904


Transformers MV 1915 Transormer 3-phase Ratings Primary Secondary

Three-phase, 2 kVA, 50-60 Hz, 230/2 x 66.5 V per phase 0-133-230V ±5%perphase Two 66.5 V windings per phase, each winding having tappings or 0-38.4-44-66.5 V (± 5 %)

The tappings are so arranged that 230 V (star or delta connection) and 133 V (star, delta or zig-zag connection) can be obtained or all standard connections. This transormer has saety sockets mounted on a rontpanel with mimic diagrams. No load losses Po = 35 W Impedancevoltageek=8% Resistancevoltage ek=3% With MV 1915, asymmetrical loading and parallel connection o three-phase transormers or dierent three-phase combinations on the primary and secondary side, can be studied. It can also be used or determination o operating characteristics, losses and eciency. Dimensions Weight

300 x 190 x 345 mm 33 kg

MV 1972 Transormer 3-phase This transormer has an E-type core and is suitable or setting up a variety o circuits or 3-phase transormers. MV 1972 has saety sockets mounted on a rontpanel with mimic diagrams. General Data

Power rating Primary voltage

Three-phase 2 kVA, 50-60 Hz 400 V ± 5 % or 230 V ± 5 % per phase 2x66.5V±5%perphase 2.5 kV 92 %

Secondaryvoltage Test voltage Eciency Percentage impedance voltage 4 % approx. Dimensions Weight

350 x 165 x 260 mm 30 kg

11


Transformers MV 1919 Oil Immersed Transormer MV 1919 is designed and equipped as a normal, industrial transormer and suitable or practicing installation, commissioning, operation and maintenance.

Technical Data

Oil immersed 3-phase transormer Rated power 10 kVA Rated requency 50/60 Hz Rated voltage Primary voltage 400 V, terminals for ± 5% Secondary voltage 230/400 V Cooling designation ONAN Connection designation Dyn 11/Dzn 10 Impedance voltage 3.8 % No-load losses 120 W Load losses 320 W

A small size tank is included or compressed air. The tank is provided with a lling valve and a connection to test the Buchholz relay (gas detector). Necessary peripheral equipment Qty

Description

Cat.Code

1 pc 1 pc 3 pcs 3 pcs 3 pcs 1 pc 1 set 1 pc 1 set

Load switch 440 V, 16 A Terminal board Wattmeter 1-phase 1 A, 0-500 V Voltmeter 0-500 V Current transormer Variable three-phase transormer Lab leads, 4 lengths, 5 colours Floor stand or laboratory leads Spare parts or oil immersed transormer Multimeter LCR-meter

MV 1500 MV 1429 MV 1927 MV 1926 MV 1931 MV 1103 MV 1830 MV 1904 MV 7002

3 pcs 1 pc

Dimensions Weight

Standard accessories:

01. 02. 03. 04. 05. 06. 07. 08.

09. 10. 11. 12. 13.

Expansion vessel with oil level indicator, oil ller hole and test tap Drying unit with oil seal (Dehydrating breather) Gas detector relay with signalling and tripping contacts Signal thermometer with signalling and tripping contacts Porcelain bushings or 1 kV O-circuit tap changer with three positions Rating plate Control cubicle with terminal blocks, a protector (fashover protection with a non-linear resistor or connection to the transormer neutral point) and a voltage transormer, 400 /110 V 3 Drain tray and drain valve Earthing terminal Liting lugs Testing equipment (tank) or gas detector relay Open core current transormer, 200/1 A

Documentation

A comprehensive manual contains a description o the equipment, applied theory and instructions or a number o experiments. The exercises include tests stipulated in IEC recommendations.

12

700 x 460 x 1260 mm 220 kg


Current and Voltage Transformers MV 1931 Current Transormer Primary 20-15-5 A/Sec. 1 A Saety sockets Accuracy class

1.0

Dimensions Weight

95 x 200 x 80 mm 6 kg

MV 1933 Current Transormer with load combinations Current Transormer with load combinations a. Load or the single-phase current transormer consisting o two isolated ohmic resistors. b. Fixed resistor: about 0.5 ohm, load capacity about 7 A c. Variable resistor: about 0 - 60 ohm, load capacity about 7 A d. The variable resistor is protected with a use. e. Scale: 0 - 100 % Dimensions Weight

410 x 245 x 175 mm 12 kg

MV 1934 Voltage Transormer with load combinations a. b. c.

Load or the single-phase voltage transormer consisting o two isolated ohmic resistors. Fixed resistor: about 220 ohm, load capacity 0.5 A (0.5 A use) Variable resistor: range rom 300 - 1930 ohm, load capacity 0.25 A (0.25 A use)

Dimensions Weight

410 x 245 x 175 mm 12 kg

13


Transmission The ollowing studies can be made:

The network model can be used to complete a series o experiments with transmission lines. Those listed and described in detail in the instruction manual include:

1. Measurements o characteristic data, resistance, reactance and capacitance o a line. 2. As transmission line: Measurement o voltage drop and losses or dierent loads. 3. For two-phase and especially three-phase short-circuit measurements with two three-phase transormers, one at each end. 4. For single-phase and two-phase earth ault measurements.

Characteristic data o the line. Voltage drop on the lines. Short circuit tests. Earth ault.

MV 1420 Line Model The model corresponds to a power transmission line o a length 136 km, voltage 77 kV, amperage 100 A, power rating 13 MW. To complete all the experiments the ollowing peripheral equipment (or similar) is required to MV 1420. Qty

Description

Cat.Code

1 pc 1 pc 1 pc 1 pc 1 pc 3 pcs 3 pcs 3 pcs 3 pcs 1 pc 1 pc 1 pcs 1 set 1 pc

Variable transormer Terminal board Load resistor Load reactor Load capacitor Voltmeter 0-500 V Ammeter 0-2 A Ammeter 0-12 A Wattmeter 5 A, 0-500 V Load switch Power actor meter Three-phase transormer Laboratory leads Floor stand or lab. leads

MV 1103 MV 1429 MV 1100-235 MV 1107 MV 1102 MV 1926 MV 1922 MV 1923 MV 1928 MV 1500 MV 1929 MV 1915 MV 1830-HF MV 1904

General Data

Voltage Amperage Line resistance Line reactance

220-240 V, three-phase (corresponding to 77 kV) 5 A (corresponding to 100 A) 1.5 ohms 3.15 ohms

Line capacitance divided into capacitance to earth (4 µF) and mutual line capacitance between phases (8 µF). Earth impedance Fuses

0.8 ohm 5 A

Dimensions Weight

410 x 245 x 160 mm 10 kg

Many different line models are available in the Terco programme: MV 1420 Line Model 77 kV, experiment voltage 220-240 V 3-ph. MV 2221 Line Model 230 kV, experiment voltage 380-415 V 3-ph. MV 2222 Line Model 11 kV, experiment voltage 380-415 V 3-ph. MV 1424 Line Model 40 kV, experiment voltage 380-415 V 3-ph. MV 1425 Line Model 130 kV, experiment voltage 380-415 V 3-ph. MV 1438 Line Model 11 kV, experiment voltage 380-415 V 3-ph.

14


MV 2221 Line Model Line Model 230 kV, 100 km, 400 V 3-phase Three-phase model o an overhead power transmission line 100 km long, voltage 230 kV and ability 110 MVA Model value 400 V : R + 2.20 ohm, L 25 mH, C + 4uF, Co 2.5 uF. The network model can be used to complete a series o experiments with transmission lines. Those listed and described in detail in the instruction manual include characteristic data o the li ne. Voltage drop on the lines. Short circuit. Earth ault. Dimensions Weight

410 x 245 x 160 mm 10 kg To complete all the experiment, the ollwing peripheral equipment (or similar) i s required or MV 2221 and MV 2222.

MV 2222 Line Model Line Model 11 kV, 5 km, 400 V 3-phase Three-phase model o an overhead power transmission line 5 km long, voltage 11 kV and ability 5 MVA Model value 400 V : R + 2.4 ohm, L 17 mH, C + 30 nF, Co 20 nF. The network model can be used to complete a series o experiments with transmission lines. Those listed and described in detail in the instruction manual include characteristic data o the li ne. Voltage drop on the lines. Short circuit. Earth ault. Dimensions Weight

410 x 245 x 160 mm 10 kg

Qty

Description

Cat. Code

1 pc 1 pc 1 pc 1 pc 1 pc 3 pcs 3 pcs 3 pc 3 pcs 1 pc 1 pc 1 pc 1 set 1 pc

Variable transormer Terminal board Load resistor Load reactor Load capacitor Voltmeter 0-500 V Ammeter 0-2 A Ammeter 0-12 A Wattmeter 5 A, 0-500 V Load switch Power actor meter Three-phase transormer Laboratory leads Floor stand or laboratory leads

MV 1103 MV 1429 MV 1100-235 MV 1107 MV 1102 MV 1926 MV 1922 MV 1923 MV 1928 MV 1500 MV 1976 MV 1915 MV 1830-HF MV 1904

MV 2225 Petersen Coil, Multi Terminal Unit A Petersen coil is used together with OH-lines in the range o distribution voltage to medium voltage (MV). The most common ault is line-to-earth where the current is limited by the phase voltage rom the two healthy leads divided by the capacitive impedance added by the arc resistance and the remaining zero sequence impedance. Since this current is mainly capacitive it could be balanced by an inductance between the neutral point o the transormer and ground. That is to say: when a line-to-earth ault occurs it will be extinguished automatically by the current in the Petersen coil and the re-closing device will connect power again in a raction o a second. NormallyaHV-linehasarmground.However,inthiscasewemayalsostudya230kVmodelbecauseoftutorialaspects. Each inductance coil has three steps to optimize the reactance value or each line o “11 kV”, “70 kV” and “230 kV”. The 3 coils have ollowing values L=0.63Hand+/-30%terminals(70kV) L=1.00Hand+/-30%terminals(230kV) L=100Hand+/-30%terminals(11kV) MV 2225 is to be used together with the Line Models MV 1420, MV 2221 and MV 2222. Dimensions Weight

410 x 245 x 160 mm 11 kg

15


Transmission Line Models The ollowing Line Models and Cable Model are designed or realistic conditions, such as overvoltage, overcurrent, and a certain magnetic coupling between the wires. As linear behaviour or excess values is required, the line inductances must be represented by non-saturable induction coils. To withstand certain overvoltages, overdimensioning o wiring and capacitors is necessary. One o the overhead models is representing a high voltage line o 220 kV, and the other a eeder at medium level 40 kV. All models are constructed as π-links, the HV model and the cable model as a double π-link. Flexibility to simulate typical situations, such as compensating a long line at both ends and also in the middle, must also be available. Combination o the π-links make it possible to create other characteristic data, e.g. capacitors can be connected in ∆ instead o Y.

MV 1424 Line Model Real line parameters Nominal length Nominal voltage Nominal current Positive sequence reactance X+ Zero sequence reactance X0 Positive sequence resistance R+ Zero sequence resistance R0 Positive sequence capacitance C+ Zero sequence capitance Co

40 km 40 kV 350 A 15 ohm 23 ohm 8.4 ohm

16.0 ohm 400 nF 265 nF

Line Model specifcations

Represented length Nominal voltage Maximum voltage Nominal current Maximum current R1=4.7ohm R0=0.8ohm X1=2πω x 5.45 mH X0=2.62ohm C1=1.0µF C0=0.6µF Dimensions Weight

40 km 400 V 600 V 10 A 32 A (60 sec)

600 x 600 x 1720 mm 190 kg

Terco reserves the right to make changes in the design and modications or improvements o the products at any time without incurring any obligations

16


Transmission MV 1425 Line Model Line Model specifcations

Real line parameters

Nominal length Data or one 50 km section: Nominal voltage Nominal current Positive sequence reactance X+ Zero sequense reactance X0 Positive sequence resistance R+ Zero sequence resistance R0 Positive sequence capacitance C+ Zero sequence capacitance C0

100 km (2 sections, each 50 km)

Represented length

220 kV 775 A

Data or one π-link Nominal voltage Maximum voltage Nominal current Maximum current (60 sec)

18 ohm 24 ohm 1.77 ohm 8.0 ohm 475 nF

100 km with two π-links, each corresponding to a 50 km section 400 V 600 V 10 A 32 A

R1=0.5ohm R0=0.8ohm X1=2πω x 3.77 mH X0=1.57ohm C1=8.9µF C0=0.6µF

315 nF

Dimensions Weight

17

600 x 600 x 1720 mm 220 kg


Transmission MV 1438 Cable Model MV 1438 consists o two cable sections with a nose section cable area o 150 square mm and 240 square mm respectively.


Line Model specs

PEX Cable 150 square mm Al

(one π-link)

Length

5 km

corr. 5 km

Nominal voltage

11 kV

400 V

Nominal current

260 A

6A

Transmission ability

5.0 MVA

2.4 kVA

Positive sequence capitance C+

0.45 µF

0.28 µF

Zero sequence capitance C0

0.45 µF

0.28 µF

Inductance

1.8 mH

2.84 mH

Resistance

1.1 ohm

1.8 ohm

Zero sequence reactance X0 (approx.)

2.3 ohm

3.7 ohm


Line Model specs

PEX Cable 240 square mm Al

(one π-link)

Length

5 km

corr. 5 km

Nominal voltage

11 kV

400 V

Nominal current

340 A

6A

Transmission ability

6.5 MVA

2.4 kVA

Positive sequence capitance C+

0.55 µF

0.26 µF

Zero sequence capitance C0

0.55 µF

0.26 µF

Inductance

1.6 mH

3.30 mH

Resistance

0.7 ohm

1.5 ohm

Zero sequence reactance X0 (approx.)

2.1 ohm

4.3 ohm

Dimensions Weight

600 x 600 x 1720 mm 190 kg

18


Three-phase Universal Energy Meter / Analyser

MV 1932-1 Three-phase Universal Energy Meter / Analyser This unit is a microprocessor controlled three-phase energy meter / analyser with three or our wire unbalanced load

All experiments ollow about the same set-up which consist o: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

MV 1932-1 is an universal energy meter or measuring kWh, kVAr and Maximum Demand. The ollowing will be applied or all three instrument unctions.

General data :

1. Use a power supply which can give a 3-phase voltage and a corresponding current according to what is written on the ront o the instrument. 2. It is not necessary to keep a constant voltage exactly according to what is given as nominal voltage. I, or example, you use an instrument designed or 3 x 230 V, it is recommended to connect a supply voltage around this value like 200-250 V. 3. It is not necessary to keep a constant current exactly according to what is given as nominal current. I, or example, you use an instrument designed or 10 A, it is recommended to run a current around 1-6 A because o practical reasons regarding the load congurations.

A power supply The power meter Three loads – resistive, inductive and capacitive An ammeter or rather a clamp-on ammeter A voltmeter A timer or a wrist-watch with a timer unction.

Programming Main unctions Secondary read-outs

From the ront kWh, kVArh (cap/ind), Max demand cosj, W, VAr (cap/ind), voltages, values o power

Voltage input Current input Operation requency possible Number of scales Scale response Power supply

3 x 230 V and 3 x 400 V 10A nominal, 20 A max 50-60 Hz nominal, 20 – 800 Hz 3 x 4 digits 1.5 sec From test circuit

Dimensions Weight

410 x 245 x 175 mm 17 kg

Terco reserves the right to make changes in the design and modications or improvements o the products at any time without incurring any obligations

19


Load Units MV 1100 Load Resistor Load resistor MV 1100 contains three ganged resistors with continuous spindle regulation. The resistors are connected to terminals or 3-ph, single-phase or DC-voltage. The current in the resistor is limited by tubular wire uses in each phase. The unit has handles and wheels or simple and quick movement and is enclosed in a perorated metal cabinet. A cooling an is placed in the bottom o the resistor.

MV 1100-235 Cooling an supply 230 V AC 50 - 60 Hz MV 1100-116 Cooling an supply 110 V AC 60 Hz General Data 3-phase 3.3 kW, continuously adjustable. Star connection 400 / 230 V 0.8-5 A Star connection 230 / 133 V 0.5-5 A Delta connection 400 / 230 V 2.4-8.7 A Delta connection 230 / 133 V 1.3-8.7 A DC parallel connection 220 V 2.3-15 A Overload capacity, brie duration, approx. 20 %. Dimensions Weight

630 x 250 x 890 mm 46 kg

MV 1101 Load Reactor Enclosed in a strong metal cabinet. The ront panel has mimic diagram, terminals, uses and electrical data. The unit can be used on 1- and 3-phase systems. 12 step regulation.

General Data 2.5 kVAr, 50-60 Hz

V 230 230 400 230 230 400

Connection

Hz

A

star delta star star delta star

50 50 50 60 60 60

0.2-2.2 0.6-6.6 0.4-3.8 0.2-1.9 0.5-5.6 0.3-3.3

Dimensions Weight

510 x 220 x 320 mm 40 kg

MV 1102 Load Capacitor Housed in a metal cabinet. Electrical data and symbols on the ront panel with terminals and uses. This unit can be used on 1- and 3-phase systems. 6 step regulation.

General Data 2.8 kVAr at 50 Hz, 3.3 kVAr at 60 Hz.

V 230 230 400 230 230 230 400 230 Dimensions Weight

Connection

Hz

A

star delta star III star delta star III

50 50 50 50 60 60 60 60

0.4-2.4 1.2-7.2 0.7-4.2 2.1-12.6 0.5-2.8 1.4-8.6 0.8-5.0 2.5-15

185 x 370 x 170 mm 7 kg

20


MV 1107 Load Reactor The reactor is continuously variable within the range 0.5-3.0 kVAr. When the reactor is connected to a system with 230 V between lines, the setting range can be increased to 0.15-3.0 kVAr by using Y-connection. The required reactive power is set by means o a crank. For easier setting, the load reactor has a ten-turn scale with 100 scale divisions or each turn. Each winding is tted with a use.

General Data 3-phase 0.5-3.0 kVAr, 400 V Y, 230 V Y, 50-60 Hz

V 230 400 230 400

Connection

Hz

A

star / delta star star / delta star

50 50 60 60

0.4-7.8 0.7-4.5 0.3-7.6 0.6-3.7

Dimensions Weight

340 x 170 x 380 mm 30 kg

Rheostats

Rheostats 100-500 W Standard Types

Each rheostat is enclosed in a robust metal case. The back, bottom and top o the case are perorated to provide optimum cooling. 2 glass uses protect the resistor agains excessive current and incorrect connection. A scale with 100 scale divisions shows the resistance setting. A ront panel o yellow painted steel with black screen painted symbols simplies series and potentiometer connection. Constructional eatures

The insulation is o high class ceramic material. The resistance wire used is o highest quality with very good linearity. Large fat brush with a sliding contact o copper graphite with specially balanced mounting guarantees perect contact with negligible wear on the resistance. 21

Resistance Ohm

Max. current A

Order No.

Power W

MV 1953 MV 1954 MV 1955 MV 1956

100 100 100 100

1 10 100 1000

10.00 3.20 1.00 0.30

MV 1957 MV 1958 MV 1959 MV 1960 MV 1966

200 200 200 200 200

5 15 50 300 40

6.30 3.70 2.00 0.80 2.25

MV 1961 MV 1962 MV 1963 MV 1964 MV 1965

500 500 500 500 500

150 500 2500 5000 10000

1.80 1.00 0.45 0.30 0.20

Dimensions

140x130 x 145

215x195 x 230


Power Distribution System increases Saety in School Laboratories Terco´s Power Distribution System consists o a distribution board which is installed near the classroom. Each circuit is protected by a MCB, making energising and isolating a simple process or the teacher. There is also a protection device which breaks the voltage in the event o accidental disturbance in any phase. An emergency stop is placed in a prominent position in the classroom and will break all supplies when operated. Other voltages available Voltage system in the lab: 400/230 V 3-ph and 230 V 1-ph on request. Incoming voltage 400/230 V 3-ph

TF 1251 Distribution Panel The distribution panel is manuactured in varnished sheet metal and used or separate distribution o power to each lab. group (student panel). It contains one main switch, eleven 3-pole 16 A MCB (miniature circuit breakers), one ELCB (earth leakage circuit breaker), oneindicatorlampandlockableON-key.Thedistributionpanel breaks the supply voltage when a current > 30 mA fows in the protection lead. TF 1251 is wired or connection o outgoing groups to each MCB. The incomming wires to be connected to the main switch. Dimensions 480 x 330 x 60 mm Weight 10 kg

TF 1252 Student Panel or table mounting Comprising: One 3-pole main switch 16 A One MCB (Micro Circuit Breaker) 10 A Three 2-pole, 2-way earthed wall sockets One 3-ph socket CEE One protective earth terminal Junction line or distribution o any AC or DC voltage Dimensions 600 x 120 x 75 mm Weight approx. 4 kg

TF 1253 Transormer 10 kVA intermittent The transormer is air cooled and enclosed in sheet metal or placement on the foor. Main voltage 3-ph 380-415 V +/-5% 50-60 Hz Connection D/Y-0 Secondary 3-ph 380-415 / 220-240 V 50-60 Hz Dimensions 420 x 250 x 420 mm Weight 85 kg

TF 1229 Contactor with Thermal Protection Enclosed in a plastic cover Current: 16-24 A For transormer TF 1226 and TF 1253 Dimensions 142 x 115 x 112 mm Weight 1 kg

TF 1211 Emergency Stop Dimensions excluding the sign: Weight

70 x 70 x 70 mm 0.2 kg

Emergency sign in English enclosed See also our brochure: Power Distribution System and Furniture for Laboratories

22


Laboratory Layout The layout is most important when designing a unctional laboratory. It is o great importance that equipment and urniture are taken into account early in the planning stage. A standard solution or planning a laboratory or 16 students can be seen below. I the space o the laboratory has been determined already, the standard solution may not be applicable. Our engineers will be pleased to advise on any individual requirements. See also our brochures or Power Distribution System and Furniture or Laboratories.

➐

➐ ➏ ➎

➊

➌

➊

➌ ➐ ➍

➊

➌

➊

➌

➑ ➍

➋

➊ Three-phase benches or accessories such as protective relays, loads, power supplies, switches, fex stands with fexes. ➋ Line models, foor standing. ➌ Four benches or experiments on transormers or or theoretical ollow-up o the experiments. ➍ Cabinets or instruments, tools and accessories. ➎ Teacher desk. ➏ Roller table. ➐ Terco Saety Power Distribution System with key-operated central, transormer, student-panels and emergency stops. ➑ Oil immersed transormer. 23


Flexes MV 1830 Flex Set Set o 100 Leads in 5 colours. Area 2.5 mm 2 25 cm 50 cm 100 cm Red 5 5 5 Yellow 5 5 5 Blue 5 5 5 Black 5 5 5 Yellow/green 5 5 5

200 cm 5 5 5 5 5

MV 1830 Flex set also exists with double quantities o fexes as code no MV 1801

Separate Flexes

Terco Flex The Terco Flex complies with the saety requirement that connection shall not be made sideways, as well as with all reasonable demands on a laboratory fex.

Area 2.5 mm2.Pleasenote,eachRef.No.referstoapack o 10 leads. 25 cm 50 cm 100 cm 200 cm Red MV 1802 MV 1807 MV 1812 MV 1817 Yellow MV 1803 MV 1808 MV 1813 MV 1818 Blue MV 1804 MV 1809 MV 1814 MV 1819 Black MV 1805 MV 1810 MV 1815 MV 1820 Yellow/green MV 1806 MV 1811 MV 1816 MV 1821

Moulded sot PVC covering or high reliability cable anchorage.

▲

▲

6

4

General Data

Standard colours Standard area Rated current

▲ ▲

blue, read, yellow, black, yellow/green 2.5 mm2 containing 650 wires o 0.07 mm diameter 25 A

21 ▲

50 ▲

▲ ▲

Laboratory Flexes with Saety Plugs Saety lead with 2 covered spring plugs o 4 mm diameter, with sti protection sockets covering the plugs, and 4 mm diameter axial bushings moulded with Polypropylen, xed to 1.5 mm2 copper thread, PVC isolated, outer diameter 4 mm. Colours black, red, blue, yellow, green/yellow. Rated current 16 A.

MV 1830-HF Flex Set Area 1.5 mm2 Set o 100 leads in 5 dierent colours, red, yellow, blue, black, yellow/green, and 4 dierent lengths, 25, 50, 100 and 200 cm, 5 o each. 25 cm 50 cm 100 cm 200 cm Red 5 5 5 5 Yellow 5 5 5 5 Blue 5 5 5 5 Black 5 5 5 5 Yellow/green 5 5 5 5

Separate Flexes

MV 1830-HF Flex set also exists with double quantities o fexes as code no MV 1801-HF

Area 1.5 mm2 Pleasenote,eachRef.No.referstoapackof10leads. 25 cm 50 cm 100 cm Red MV 1802-HF MV 1807-HF MV 1812-HF Yellow MV 1803-HF MV 1808-HF MV 1813-HF Blue MV 1804-HF MV 1809-HF MV 1814-HF Black MV 1805-HF MV 1810-HF MV 1815-HF Yellow/Green MV 1806-HF MV 1811-HF MV 1816-HF 24

200 cm MV 1817-HF MV 1818-HF MV 1819-HF MV 1820-HF MV 1821-HF


Accessories MV 1429 Terminal Board The box has saety outlets or laboratory leads with 4 mm diameter plug pins. These outlets are connected to a 5 x 2.5 mm2 cable o 1.5 m length and cable connection or a diameter o 5.5 mm. The connection box is equipped with miniature circuit breakers or 20 A. Dimensions Weight

250 x 240 x 75 mm 2.0 kg

MV 1104 Variable Transformer 1-phase The annular core o this variable transormer is o high alloy transormer sheet with small losses. The contact point on the winding, which is wound or a constant current obtained throughout the entire range, is provided by a sliding carbon contact. Thermal overload protector. Switch with pilot lamp. Rubber pedestals at the bottom and rear or convenient placing in the most suitable position at any time. 4 mm saety outlets. Input Output-maximum Dimensions Weight

230 V 0-260 V, 8 A, 50-60 Hz 200 x 190 x 205 mm 9 kg

MV 1103 Variable Transformer 3-phase Supplied with a scale showing output voltage. Thermal overload protection or three output phases are placed on the ront panel. A common shat rotates all output voltage sliders in parallel. The unit is mobile on 4 wheels. Same technical data as MV 1104 above. Input Output Dimensions Weight

3 x 400 V, 8 A, 50-60 Hz 3 x 0-450 V, 8 A 280 x 290 x 560 mm 34 kg

MV 1103-415 Variable Transformer Input 3 x 415 V, 8 A (maximum values), 50-60 Hz Output 3 x 0-415 V, 8 A Same technical data as MV 1103 above.

MV 1300 Power Pack This power supply unit i s especially adapted or laboratory experiments on electric machines and power systems. It can be used where variable or xed AC or DC is required. All outputs are used by MCB´s and have load switches. The Power Pack has also Earth Leakages Circuit Breaker (ELCB).

General Data MV 1300-235 Supply voltage 220-240 / 127-140 V 50 / 60 Hz 3-ph. MV 1300-405 Supply voltage 380-400 / 220-230 V 50 / 60 Hz 3-ph. MV 1300-415 Supply voltage 415 / 240 V 50 / 60 Hz 3-ph.

Output voltage

Standard

DC xed DC variable AC xed AC variable Fixed AC

Dimensions Weight

660 x 435 x 790 mm 103 kg 25

220 V 3.5 A 0-220 V 16 A 230/133 V 10 A 3-ph 3 x 0-230 V 10 A 3-ph 230 V 10 A


MV 1305 Mobile Motor / Generator Unit A standard laboratory or power transmission normally consists o one or two generators, which are connected to one or more transmission links which nally reach transormers, distribution units and loads. Energy transer, load shedding, static and dynamic stability at disturbances as well as sophisticated protection schemes can be studied under realistic forms.Nottoforgetcompensationpossibilities. Power- and current- paths in grid networks are complicated. The TERCO system will give understanding or this problem. The wide range fexibility will be given by the mobile generator station / synchronous alternator (compensator) MV 1305. Two sets o MV 1305 can operate as described or work in parallel. In this case mechanical and electrical parameters might be changed by using e.g. fywheel (MV 1010) and dierent electrical connections. This unit is also suitable to be used together with Terco´s Frequency Relay Trainer MV 1437

Technical Specifcation

MV 1305-405

MV 1305-235

Power Supply

Voltage Frequency Max current

380-415 V AC 3-ph 50-60 Hz 16 A

380-415 V AC 3-ph 50-60 Hz 16 A

Turbine/DC-machine

Armature volt Field volt Armature current Field current Power Speed

0-240 V DC 190 V DC 12 A 0.8 A 2.0 kW 0-1800 rpm

0-240 V DC 190 V DC 12 A 0.8 A 2.0 kW 0-1800 rpm

Armature volt Power Cos j Field volt Speed

0-240 / 415 V AC 1.2 kVA 0.8 0-230 V DC 0-1800 rpm

0-140 / 240 V AC 1.2 kVA 0.8 0-230 V DC 0-1800 rpm

Synchronous generator

Speed control/ Active power control Feedback systems

SCR-converter, electronic current limit setting, start- and stop ramps. Manual requency setting Automatic/Constant setting

Field current supply

Integrated

Voltage control/ Reactive power control

PWM min. ripple-converter, electronic current limit setting

Feedback systems

Manual voltage setting Automatic/Constant setting Separate voltage eedback

Instruments: DC-machine (Turbine simulator)

AC-machine

Armature voltage Armature current Indication lamp or eld voltage Speed control potentiometer (=frequency control) Control method selector Armature voltage Voltage selector switch Armature current Voltage control potentiometer Control method selector Field current ammeter 26

Synchronizing devices

Synchronizing instrument Double voltmeter Double requency meter Synchronizing switch

Dimensions Weight

1550 x 800 x 1200 mm 200 kg (approx.)

to Hof

to hof  o ou sokhol, sw.

scan drive system sd 2000

TERCO AB • P.O. Box 5014 • S E-141 05 HUDDINGE – STOCKHOLM • SwEDEN Telephone: +46 8 506 855 00 • Telefax +46 8 506 855 01 • http://.terco.se • e-mail [email protected]

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