As the angle of the inclined plane will be increased, the height would also increase. This would increase the velocity of the cart moving down the plane. This would happen because as the hei…Full description
FRM topic 1 - 5
Friction
Case Notes - Topic 5
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2-kg block lies on a rough inclined plane at an angle 37 o to the horizontal. Determine magnitude of
the external force exerted on the block, so the block is not slides down the plane. (sin 37 o = 0.6, cos 37 o
= 0.8, g = 10 m.s -2 , μ k = 0.2)
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UNIVERSITI TUN HUSSEIN ONN MALAYSIA Faculty of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering
DEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING MECHANICS STATICS LABORATORY LAPORAN MAKMAL/LABORATORY REPORT Kod M/Pelajaran/ Subject Code Kod ! Taj"# $j%#aj%/ Code & Title of Experiment Kod K"r&"&/ Course Code
ENGINEERING LABORATORY I
BDA 171
TOI! "# FRI!TION ON THE IN!LINE$ LANE
Se#&'en /Section
BNJ 17001
7
K"()"lan/Group K"()"lan/ Group
No* K*P / I*C No*
Na(a Pelajar/Name Pelajar/Name of LU%MAN HA&IM ' MOH$ No* Ma+r%# MASROR Student AN()*((" 1* EN MOH$ NA+RUL 'IN ROSLAN Lecturer/Instructor/Tu tor’s Name Na(a A,l% K"()"lan/ No* Pen%la%an / ssesment / ssesment Group Members Ma+r%# 1 *
FUA$ RI$+UAN ' MO&HTAR
. * ARIF AIMRAN ' AHMA$ 0 NORASI&IN NORASI&IN 'T A' A' RANI * * * $LASAN Tar%#, $j%#aj% $ j%#aj% / %ate of Experiment Tar%#, Han+ar / %ate of Submission
UNIVERSITI TUN HUSSEIN ONN MALAYSIA Faculty of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering COP DITERIMA/APPRO6ED
COURSE INFORMATION COURSE TITLE: ENGINEERING LABORATORY I (BDA17001) TOPIC 5: FRICTION ON THE INCLINED PLANE
1. INTRODUCTION Friction can be defined as a force of resistance acting on a body that prevents or retards slipping of the body relative to a second body or surface with which it is in contact. This force always act tangent to the surface at points of contact with other bodies. This friction force is opposite to the existing motion of the body relative to these points.
2. OBJECTIVES The objective of this experiment is to investigate friction on the inclined plane and to show that a force (applied parallel to the plane) required to slide a block up the plane is equal to ! (
-in α + µ co- θ
) where
α is
an angle of
inclination of plane.
. LEARNING OUTCOMES "t the end of this topic the students will be able to display basic skills and knowledge of friction on the inclined plane using laboratory equipments analy#e observable data obtained from friction on the inclined plane experiment properly work effectively in a group through laboratory experiment and presentation and demonstrate comprehension of the general ideas of the topic through written report that comply with specified standards.
UNIVERSITI TUN HUSSEIN ONN MALAYSIA Faculty of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering !. THEORY !hen a block is placed on an incline the tendency is for the block to slide down the plane. $f the angle of inclination is small the block is prevented from slipping by the friction between the surfaces. "s the angle is increased the force exerted down the plane due to the weight of the block also increases but the force pressing the surfaces together will decrease. "t the angle of friction the force acting down the plane just to overcome the friction and sliding takes place. This could be described as in Figure %.&.
The sum of forces (parallel to the inclined plane)
∑ F = *
Thus P = S + F
' (&)
S = W -in θ R = W co-θ
F = µ R = µ W co- θ
!here
⇒ P = W -in
θ + µ W co- θ
' ()
* the force that required to overcome the friction to pull a block up the plane + * the force acting down the plane due to the weight. , * the force pressing down the surfaces together causing friction. F * the friction force The coefficient of friction µ * P = *. S = F = µ R
From -quation (&)* $f
⇒
W -in θ = µ W co- θ
µ =
-in θ co- θ
=
tan θ
'()
!here θ * is the angle of inclination of plane and µ is the coefficient of friction. BDA17001-2012
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UNIVERSITI TUN HUSSEIN ONN MALAYSIA Faculty of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering
P
S θ
F
R
θ
W θ
F"#$%& 5.1: F%"'"* * +& "*',"*&- ,/*& -"/#%/ !.1ADDITIONAL THEORY
BDA17001-2012
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UNIVERSITI TUN HUSSEIN ONN MALAYSIA Faculty of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering
BDA17001-2012
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UNIVERSITI TUN HUSSEIN ONN MALAYSIA Faculty of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering 5. EUIPMENTS
UNIVERSITI TUN HUSSEIN ONN MALAYSIA Faculty of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering 6. PROCEDURES
TEST 1 (F"*- +& '&"'"&* %"'"*) &. +ecure the mounting panel as shown in Figure %.. 8ang the plumb line over the protractor centre screw. !eigh the block for three () times and record its average weight. . ;se metal surface of the block placed in contact with the wooden surface of the plane. . lace the block at the right hand end of the plane and tilt the plane until the block slides down the plane with uniform speed. /.
TEST 2 &. =o not alter the angle of plane which is now at angle of friction φ . . lace the block at the left hand end of the plane and place the cord over the pulley. . "ttach the weight hook to the end of the cord and apply weights until the block slides up the plane with slow uniform speed. /. >nce again give the block a light starting push to overcome static friction. %. ,ecord this weight (including the weight hook of :.&5).
TEST 8 !8 58 6 /*- 7 &. ,epeat as for Test for angles of :? &:? :? :? and /%?.
BDA17001-2012
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UNIVERSITI TUN HUSSEIN ONN MALAYSIA Faculty of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering
BDA17001-2012
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UNIVERSITI TUN HUSSEIN ONN MALAYSIA Faculty of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering 7. RESULT &.
3omplete the Table %..
TABLE : =ata ,esults.
The applied force
3omparison
The angle of Test 5o.
inclination of plane θ @A by
@A by
-xperiment
3alculation
+ame B =ifferent
:?
:.:/5
:.::5
=ifferent
/
&:?
:.:5
:.95
=ifferent
φ C DD&%DD?
:./5
:./&5
=ifferent
%
:?
:.%&5
:.%5
=ifferent
0
:?
:.9%5
:.915
=ifferent
9
/%?
&.::5
&.&:5
=ifferent
9 D// 4+&& $4 /%&- +& "*4%$'%
;. CALCULATON BDA17001-2012
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UNIVERSITI TUN HUSSEIN ONN MALAYSIA Faculty of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering
&. 3alculate the 3oefficient of Friction by using equation () for Test &
µ =
-in θ co-θ
= tan θ
/ tan ("* / *0)1
BDA17001-2012
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UNIVERSITI TUN HUSSEIN ONN MALAYSIA Faculty of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering . $n the case of angle of planeAs inclination θ equal to * calculate the °
value of the coefficient of the friction µ and the weight of block !.
θ ! C mg cos
C mg cos :: C :.:1(E.1&)(&) C :.91 µ =
-in θ co-θ
= tan θ
/ tan ** /*
BDA17001-2012
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UNIVERSITI TUN HUSSEIN ONN MALAYSIA Faculty of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering . 3alculate the value of for each angle including () at the angle of Friction ( ϕ ).
Angle of friction / *
µ =
:
-in θ
=
co- θ
P = W -in θ + µ W co- θ =
tan θ
C tan ::
mg -in θ + µ mg co- θ
C:
C :.:1(E.1&) sin :: : C:5
µ =
:
"ngle of friction C &:
-in θ
P = W -in θ + µ W co- θ =
=
co- θ
tan θ
C tan &::
mg -in θ + µ mg co- θ
C :.&1
C :.:1(E.1&) sin &:: :.&1(:.91) cos &:: C :.9 5
µ =
:
"ngle of friction C &%
-in θ
P = W -in θ + µ W co- θ =
=
co- θ
tan θ
C tan &%:
mg -in θ + µ mg co- θ
C :.9
C :.:1(E.1&) sin &%: :.9(:.91) cos &%: C :./& 5
µ =
:
"ngle of friction C : P = W -in θ + µ W co- θ =
co- θ
=
tan θ
C tan ::
mg -in θ + µ mg co- θ
C :.0
C :.:1(E.1&) sin :: :.0(:.91) cos :: C :.% 5
BDA17001-2012
-in θ
UNIVERSITI TUN HUSSEIN ONN MALAYSIA Faculty of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering
µ =
:
"ngle of friction C :
-in θ
P = W -in θ + µ W co- θ =
=
co- θ
tan θ
C tan ::
mg -in θ + µ mg co- θ
C :.%1
C :.:1(E.1&) sin :: :.%1(:.91) cos :: C :.91 5
µ =
:
"ngle of friction C /% P = W -in θ + µ W co- θ =
co- θ
=
tan θ
C tan /%:
mg -in θ + µ mg co- θ
C&
C :.:1(E.1&) sin /%: &(:.91) cos /%: C &.&: 5
BDA17001-2012
-in θ
/
UNIVERSITI TUN HUSSEIN ONN MALAYSIA Faculty of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering
<. OBSERVATIONS
From test & the block was moving slow uniform speed after gave a starting push to overcome static friction with same load were hang and then angle of friction was recorded.
From test the angle of plane from test & was not altering. The weight increases until the block move in slow uniform speed and the weight was recorded.
From test the angle was changed to : o . The load was increased to :.:/5 to make the wooden block move in uniform speed and the weight was recorded.
From test / the angle was increased to &: o. The load also was increased to :.5 to make the wooden block move in uniform speed and the weight was recorded.
Form test % the angle was increased to &% o. The load also was increased to :./5 to make the wooden block move in uniform speed and the weight was recorded.
Form test 0 the angle was increased to : o. The load also was increased to :.%&5 to make the wooden block move in uniform speed and the weight was recorded.
Form test 9 the angle was increased to : o. The load also was increased to :.9%5 to make the wooden block move in uniform speed and the weight was recorded.
BDA17001-2012
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UNIVERSITI TUN HUSSEIN ONN MALAYSIA Faculty of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering Form test 1 the angle was increased to /% o. The load also was increased to &.::5 to make the wooden block move in uniform speed and the weight was recorded.
10.DISCUSSIONS
&.
=iscuss the values of @A obtained by experiment and calculation. 3ompare those values with the force (+) acting down the plane.
Gostly there a little bit different in value of obtain by experiment and calculation from the different angle that ha been recorded. The value of obtain are higher than the force (s) acting down the plane so that the block can move through the incline plane.
.
+uggest some reasons why there are differences occur between the values of @A by experiment and @A by calculation.
There are different occur between value of by experiment and by calculation due to the few error happened during experiment was conducted. Firstly is wind error. The high speed of wind cause the load move and make the load moving down not at the right time. +econdly is parallax error. !hen we take the reading of protector our eyes not perpendicular to the scale of the reading because parallax error happen. Furthermore additional friction error. This error happen when the start of experiment we did not clean all the apparatus especially the surface of the plane because the additional friction happen between the block and the surface of the plane. BDA17001-2012
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UNIVERSITI TUN HUSSEIN ONN MALAYSIA Faculty of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering
. +tate the differences between friction on the hori#ontal plane and friction on the inclined plane.
The differences between frictions on hori#ontal plane and friction on incline plane are friction on incline plane is more than friction on hori#ontal plane. Goreover the gravitational force is higher on inclined plane compare to hori#ontal plane.
10.1
UESTIONS
&. !hat is the connection between the "ngle of Friction and the 3oefficient of FrictionH
The higher the angle friction the higher the coefficient friction.
.
I
late clutch friction
I
2earing friction
11. CONCLUSION =educe conclusions from the experiment. lease comment on your experimental work in terms of achievement problems faced throughout the experiment and suggest recommendation for improvements.
From the experiment we know that the angle of friction of inclined plane play important role in friction between block and surface of inclined plane.
!e get actual result for value of by calculation in all angle. =ifficult to get BDA17001-2012
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UNIVERSITI TUN HUSSEIN ONN MALAYSIA Faculty of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering slow uniform speed because the block sometimes glide with wall of the plane. To overcome this stabilise the plane by setup the plane with stand so that it would happen again.
