based on oral teachings by Khenpo Munsel
“But for the actual meaning of tong-len, you have to understand the inseparability of self and other, that the ground of our minds is the same. We understand this from the View. Ga r c h e nR i n p o c h e
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Kh e n p oMu n s e l g a v emema n ys p e c i a l o r a l i n s t r u c t i o n so nt o n g l e n1 t h a twe r e n ' ti n t h et e x t . I nt o n g l e n ,g e n e r a l l y , wes a yt h a twea r es e n d i n gh a p p i n e s so u tt oo t h e r sa n d t a k i n go t h e r s ' s u f f e r i n gi n . B u tf o r t h ea c t u a l me a n i n go f t o n g l e n , y o uh a v et ou n d e r s t a n dt h ei n s e p a r a b i l i t yo f s e l f a n do t h e r . T h eg r o u n do f o u rmi n d si st h es a me . Weun d e r s t a n dt h i sf r o mt h e Vi e w. I nt h i sc o n t e x t , e v e ni f t h e r ea r ema n yd i f f e r e n tt y pe so f s u f f e r i n g , t h e r ei so n l y o n et h i n gc a l l e d" s u f f e r i n g " . T h e r ei so n l yo n es u f f e r i n g , h et a u g h t . I f t h e r ei sr e a l l y o n l yo n es u f f e r i n gt h e na tt h i st i mewh e ny o u , y o u r s e l f , h a v eg r e a ts u f f e r i n g , y o u s h o u l dt h i n k , " T h emi n d so ft h es e n t i e n tb e i n g so ft h et h r e er e a l msa n dmymi n d h a v et h es a meg r o u n d . " Ho we v e r , t h ee s s e n c eo f t h es u f f e r i n go f t h es e n t i e n tb e i n g s o f t h et h r e er e a l msa n dt h ee s s e n c eo f o u r o wns u f f e r i n gi st h es a me . I fy o us e et h e mt ob et h es a me ,i fy o us e et h e ma sb e i n gn o nd u a l ,a n dt h e n me di t a t eo nt h a ts u f f e r i n g , i nt h emi n d ' s n a t u r a l s t a t e , t h a ts u f f e r i n gg o e sa wa y . Att h a tmo me n t , y o uh a v eb e e na b l et ol e s s e nt h es u f f e r i n go f a l l s e n t i e n tb e i n g so f t h et h r e er e a l ms , a l l a to n c e . T h e" l e n " o f t o n g l e nme a n s" t a k i n g . " F i r s t , t a k ei nt h i swa y . " T o n g "me a n s" g i v i n g . " I f y o uu n d e r s t a n dy o urmi n d ' sn a t u r e , t h e ny o ur e c o g ni z et h ee s s e n c eo fwh a t e v e r s u f f e r i n ga nda f f l i c t i v ee mo t i o n st h e r ema yb et ob ee mp t i n e s s . Wh e ns u f f e r i n gd o e sn o th a r my o ua n y mo r e , t h emi n dh a sg r e a tb l i s s . I fa tt h a t t i me , y o ume di t a t e , ma k i n gs e l f a n do t h e r si n s e p a r a b l e , t h e nt h a tb l i s sc a nd i mi n i s h t h es e l f g r a s p i n go f a l l s e n t i e n tb e i n g s . I tc a nl e s s e nt h es e l f g r a s p i n g . T h eh a p p i n e s s t h a ti sb e i n gg i v e ni st h eb l i s st h a tc o me sf r o mt h ep r a c t i c eo f g i v i n g a n dt a k i n g . T h i si sh o wy o us h o u l dp r a c t i c e .T h i si sv e r ys p e c i a l . Ot h e r sd o n ' te x pl a i ni tt h i s 2 wa y . 1 Rangjung Yeshe Dictionary:
གཏོང་ལནེ ་Tong-len.
'giving and taking.' Sending and taking. iving and taking. !
"odhichitta #ractice o$ giving one's virtue and ha##iness to others and taking their su$$ering and %isdeeds u#on onesel$. the giving-and-taking &#ractice o$ "odhi chitta( the giving-and-taking &#ractice o$ "odhi chitta) a %ethod $or develo#ing "odhichitta * receiving and trans%itting 2 +uoted $ro%: ,R T/ 0//,T , ! 0/S - The /4traordinary i$e o$ archen Tri#trul Rin#oche 566:27 8 69:71
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!he main thing is our mind. 1 – K h e n p oMu n s e l
;
" short biography of #archen $inpoche B o r ni nE a s t e r nT i b e ti n1 9 3 7 , t h e8 t hK y a b j é Ga r c h e n T r i p t r u l R i n p oc h e wa s t h e i n c a r n a t i o no f a1 2 t hc e n t u r yh i g hl yr e a l i z e d y o g i n a me dGa r Ch o d i n g p a , o n eo f t h eh e a r t d i s c i p l e so ft h ef a me dJ i g t e nS u mg o n , K y o b p aR i n p o c h e–f o un d e ro ft h eDr i k u n g Ka g y ul i n e a g et h a tt r a c e sb a c kt ot h e t r a n s l a t o rMa r p aL o t s a waa n dg r e a t e s tp o e t y o g io fT i b e tb yt h en a meo fMi l a r e p a . Ga r c h e nR i n p o c h ei sa l s oc o n s i d e r e dt ob e t h ee ma n a t i o no fAr y a d e v a ,t h el o t u s b o r n h e a r td i s c i p l eo ft h eg r e a t Na r g a j u n a B o d h i s a t t v a . T h e8 t hK y a b j éGa r c h e nT r i p t r u lR i n p o c h e wa sr e c o g n i z e da sar e i n c a r n a t e dl a maa tt h e a g eo fs e v e nb yDr i k u ngK y a b g o nR i n p o c h e , S h i weL o d r o , t h e3 6 t hh o l d e ro ft h eDr i k u n gKa g y ul i n e a g e . T h e n , a tt h ea g eo f t we n t y t wo , s o o na f t e rR i n p o c h ec o mp l e t e d2a n dah a l fy e a r so fs e a l e dr e t r e a t , T i b e twa si n v a d e db yCh i n a . F o l l o wi n gt h ewa r , Ga r c h e nR i n p o c h ewa si mp r i s o n e d f o ra l mo s tt we n t yy e a r s .I twa si np r i s o nt h a th eme th i sr o o tl a ma ,t h eg r e a t Kh e n p o Mu n s e l ,a n dp r a c t i c e dd i l i g e n t l yi ns e c r e tu n t i ls i g n so fr e a l i z a t i o n s p o n t a n e o u s l ya p pe a r e d .T h r o ug ht we n t yy e a r so fi mp r i s o n me n ta n dh a r d s h i p s , R i n po c h ewa sa b l et ot r a n s f o r mh i sb o d y ,s p e e c ha n dmi n da n de me r g e da sa s e l f l e s s ma s t e ro f v a s tc o mp a s s i o na n dwi s d o m. F o l l o wi n ghi sr e l e a s ef r o mt h ep r i s o n , R i n p o c h eh a dwo r k e dt i r e l e s s l yt or e b u i l dh i s mo n a s t e r yi nt h eGa rv i l l a g e , a swe l l a sma n yo t h e rmo n a s t e r i e si nt h eg r e a t e ra r e a o fE a s t e r nT i b e t . F o rap e r i o do ft e ny e a r s , i twa ss a i dt h a tGa r c h e nR i n p o c h ed i d n o tl i ed o wnt os l e e pa tn i g h t .R i n p o c h ewo u l ds i to nal o wt a b l et ome d i t a t e t h r o u g h o u tt h en i g h ta n di f h ewe r et o ot i r e da n ds l e e p i l yf e l td o wnf r o mt h et a b l e , h ewo u l dg e t u pa n dc l i mb e db a c ko n t ot h et a b l et oc o n t i n u ewi t hh i sme d i t a t i o n . <
T h e8 t hGa r c h e nR i n po c h ewa sk n o wnt h r o ug h o u tt h ewo r l da sama s t e ro fv a s t l o v ea ndc o mp a s s i o nwi t ht h es o l ewi s ht ob e n e f i ta l l b e i n g swi t h o u te x c e p t i o n . He wa sh i g h l yr e v e r e dn o to n l yb yma s t e r sa n dd i s c i p l e so fh i so wnl i n e a g eb u ta l s o ma s t e r sa n dd i s c i p l e so f o t h e rt r a d i t i o n sa swe l l . Hea l wa y sh o l d sap r a y e rwh e e l i n h i sh a n d , c o n t i n u o u s l ys p i n st h ewh e e lt op r a yf o r , a n dt or a d i a t ec o mp a s s i o n a t e e n e r g yt ob e n e f i ta l lb e i n g s . T h eg r e a tc o mp a s s i o n a t eT a r ai sGa r c h e nR i n p o c h e ’ s ma i ny i d a md e i t ya ndh i sa s p i r a t i o ni st of o l l o wi nh e rf o o t s t e p st ob r i n gl o v ea n d c o mp a s s i o nt oa l l . Heh a sd e v o t e da l lh i st i met ot r a v e l i n ga r o u n dt h ewo r l dt o t e a c ht h eDh a r ma , e s p e c i a l l yt h ei n f a l l i b l el a wo fk a r mac a u s ea n de f f e c ta n dt h e e s s e n c et e a c h i n g so ft h eT h i r t y S e v e nP r a c t i c e so fB o d h i s a t t v a s ,ac o mme n t a r y wr i t t e nb yt h eB o d h i s a t t v aNg u l c h uT h o g meZa n g p o . Wh e nt h e8 t hK y a b j éGa r c h e nT r i p t r u l R i n p o c h ema d ei tt oI n d i af o rt h ef i r s tt i me i nt h el a t e1 9 9 0 ’ sa n dme twi t hHi sHo l i n e s sDa l a i L a mai nDh a r a ms a l a , h ed i dn o t r e q u e s tf o ra n yh i g ht a n t r i ct e a c h i n go re mp o we r me n ta so t h e rr e i n c a r n a t e dl a ma s wo u l dn o r ma l l yr e q ue s tf o r . Wh a tGa r c h e nR i n p o c h ewi s h e dt or e c e i v ef r o m Hi s Ho l i n e s sDa l a i L a mawe r et h eBo d h i s a t t v av o wswh i c hh ef e l tt h a th eha db r o k e n d u r i n gt h e wa r .Du r i n gap u b l i ct e a c h i n gt h ef o l l o wi n gd a y ,Hi sHo l i n e s s c o mme n t e dt ot h ea u d i e n c eh o wh a p p yh e wa st oh a v er e c e i v e d ah i g h r e i n c a r n a t e dl a maf r o mT i b e twh or e q u e s t e df o r n o t h i n gb u t t h eB o d h i s a t t v av o ws . h t t p : / / www. g a r c h e nb i o g r a p hy . n e t / g a r c h e n b r i e f b i o . h t ml
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%rayer for the &ong &ife of #archen $inpoche pa'p( yul na aryadeva shy(
T h eo n ek n o wni nt h eHo l yL a n da s Ar y a d e v a , do 'ham cho' su gar gi ri' su trul
E ma n a t e di n t ot h eGa r c l a no f E a s t e r nT i b e t a sCh ö d i n g p a )i'ten g*np* tu's( ch*dingpa
T h eh e a r ts o no f J i k t e nGö n p o palden garchen 'uts( 'al gyar ten
Ma yt h el i f eo f g l o r i o u s Ga r c h e nr e ma i ns t e a d f a s tf o r ah u n d r e da e o n s ! nyi'd+ gyal ten nya'tr( ne'ab dir
I nt h i sa g eo f s t r i f ewh e nt h eVi c t o r ' st e a c h i n gf a c e sh a r d s h i p tutob dor)e tab+ tulshyu' 'yi
T h r o u g hh i sp o we r f u l , v a j r a l i k ec o n d u c t , rim( tenp( 'hur chi da' gir shy(
Het a k e so nh i ms e l f t h eh e a v yr e s p o n s i b i l i t yo f t h eu n b i a s e dt e a c h i n g . tenp( nyima garchen shyabten sol
Ma yGa r c h e n , t h eS u no f t h eT e a c h i n g s , l i v el o n g ! P r a y e r c o mp o s e db yHi s Ho l i n e s s Dr i k u ngK y a b g ö nCh e t s a n g
=
1 Khenpo Munsel ".1>1< - d.1>>3 Name Variants: olok ?unsel( @hangsar 0enyak%a( ?unsel( a%#o( Tsultri% yatso( Tu"ten Tsultri% yatso @hen#o ?unsel 5%khan #o %un sel Aas "orn in 1>1<) on the neA-%oon day o$ a Ainter %onth in the $ire-dragon year o$ the $i$teenth se4agenary cycle) to the @hangsartsang 5khang gsar tshang $a%ily o$ Bhak%o olok 5lcags %o 'go log in !%do 5a %do. is $ather na%ed hi% a%#o 5gna% #o) $ro% a%gang 5gna% gang) %eaning CneA %oon.C is $ather Aas na%ed @hangsar golo 5khang gsar sngo lo) d.u. and his %other Aas na%ed echung Ea Tashikyi 5"ye chung "Fa' "kra shis skyid) d.u.( she Aas also knoAn as Trokhen gaAang 5khro %khan ngag d"ang. Ghile the "oy Aas still an in$ant) Yungshul a%a Sungchok Dorje 5g.yung shul "la %a gsung %chog rdo rje) d.u. visited their ho%e and identi$ied the child as an e%"odi%ent o$ t he great ying%a %aster) ongchen Ra"ja% 5klong chen ra" '"ya%s) 137=-13<6. Sungchok Dorje is said to have %ade a #rediction that the child Aould eli%inate the darkness o$ his $olloAersH ignorance and thus na%ed hi% ?unsel) %eaning I/li%inator o$ Darkness.J The young ?unsel Aas said to "e incredi"ly intelligent) learning reading and Ariting $ro% Sengshul a%a Bhoku 5seng shul "la %a chos sku at an early age. !##arently) he Aas also a very attractive as a young %an) and so ca%e to "e knoAn as @hangsar 0enyak%a 5khang gsar "an yag %a %eaning Ihandso%e %an o$ @hangsar.J ?unsel received his novice %onk ordination 5KrL%aṇera $ro% a%#el yatso 5'ja% d#al rgya %tsho) d.u. o$ @atok ?onastery at the age o$ $i$teen. is ordination na%e Aas Tu"ten Tsultri% yatso 5thu" "stan tshul khri%s rgya %tsho. n a%#el yatso's reco%%endation) ?unsel joined @atok ?onastery and soon received his voAs o$ $ull ordination 5"hikṣu. e su"seMuently enrolled in @atok's %onastic college) Shedru" or"ui hun#o 5"shad sgru" nor"u'i lhun #o) and co%%enced his studies under his %ain tutor) otsa @hen#o rgyen Ten#el 5'go tsha %khan #o o rgyan "stan '#hel) d.u.) as Aell as a nu%"er o$ other e%inent teachers. e studied co%%on su"jects such as gra%%ar and #oetry) general teachings $ro% "oth sutras and tantras) and to#ics s#eci$ic to the @atok curriculu%. !round the age o$ tAenty-$ive) ?unsel traveled to yoshul on#alung 5snyo shul ljon #a lung ?onastery Ahere he studied the co%#lete ongchen yingtik 5klong chen snying thig treasure cycle in detail Aith one o$ the %ost i%#ortant lineage holders o$ the tradition) @atok @hen#o gaAang NelFang 5ka thog %khan #o ngag d"ang d#al "Fang) 1=9>-1>61) a heart student o$ Natrul Rin#oche. gaAang NelFang eventually acce#ted ?unsel as one o$ his chie$ disci#les. ?unsel's "iogra#hy esti%ates he studied one hundred volu%inous te4ts) out o$ Ahich he %astered tAenty-$ive. is #er$or%ance during the #u"lic tests ad%inistered "y the %onastery is re%e%"ered as a de%onstration o$ this erudition. e Aas also knoAn to have s#ecialiFed in the DFogchen yingtik 5rdFogs chen snying thig tradition. ?unsel eventually $ounded a dhar%a center in Nonkor gakgon 5d#on skor ngag dgon Ahere he served as a""ot $or around tAenty years. !t so%e #oint in 1>;>) ?unsel Aas assaulted "y %e%"ers o$ the Bhinese Neo#le's i"eration !r%y. e Aas "eaten close to death) "ut Aas said to have re%ained %entally sta"le and #eace$ul during the attack. !$terAards) he Aas i%#risoned in the district jail $or a"out a year) and Aas then trans$erred to the so-called Ca%a's ailC in Oining) the #rovincial ca#ital o$ +inghai. The $acility lacked su$$icient $ood) clothing and shelter) causing great hardshi#s $or its residents) "ut it is re#orted that the conditions did not adversely a$$ect ?unsel) and that he Aas a"le to continue to #ractice in secret. e Aas knoAn to have given a share o$ his $ood to his co%#anions in jail) and at one #oint lived Aithout $ood $or several Aeeks during a #eriod Ahen nourish%ent Aas scarce. Des#ite $asting $or such a long ti%e) his health Aas o"served to "e even "etter than "e$ore his i%#rison%ent( as a result) %any o$ his $elloA #risoners and even %any o$ the jail's sta$$ are re#orted to have "eco%e his students. !s conditions sloAly i%#roved) ?unsel "egan to give DFogchen instructions to those i%#risoned Aith hi%) including a nu%"er o$ high la%as. Ghile in jail) he "eca%e the root guru o$ the /ighth archen) @onchok yeltsen 5%gar chen 7= dkon %chog rgyal %tshan) ".1>3<) an i%#ortant Drigung lineage holder Aho currently travels Aidely( and gave DFogchen instructions to the /ighth !deu Rin#oche 5a lde'u 7=) 1>31-2779) a Druk#a @agyu lineage holder. ne o$ his elderly Bhinese devotees Aas even said to have attained a rain"oA-"ody 5'ja' lus at the ti%e o$ his death. ?unsel s#ent a total o$ eighteen years doing hard la"or at DFagyo ,actory 5rdFa gyo "Fo grAa in Oining. is "iogra#hy relates that he #racticed DFogchen throughout this #eriod "y %entally visualiFing the $actory as a %editation ca"in and the tools he Aas using as ritual i%#le%ents. Through these %ethods) he is "elieved to have gained great s#iritual acco%#lish%ent. Ghile in jail) he co%#osed a note on the essential teachings o$ DFogchen) "ut "urnt it Ahen he acMuired a si%ilar note that Aas Aritten "y his teacher) @hen#o gaAang NelFang. !$ter s#ending a total o$ tAenty-tAo years in #rison) ?unsel Aas released. e returned to his ho%etoAn in olok and resu%ed his activities) teaching "oth general to#ics and advanced tantra. n 1>=6) the Aood-%ouse year o$ the si4teenth se4agenary cycle) he $ounded a %onastery na%ed Tashi Bhokhor ing 5"kra shis chos 'khor gling in a #lain na%ed Yu%chen Tang 5yu% chen thang) Ahich he rena%ed Bhokhor Ne%ai Thang 5chos 'khor #adP%a'i thang. Ten#a Dargye 5"stan #a dar rgyas) d.u.) one o$ ?unsel's %ain disci#les) Aas enthroned as the a""ot o$ the %onastery) and around $i$ty "oys Aere ad%itted) granted %onastic voAs) and installed as resident %onks. The course o$ study at Tashi Bhokhor ing Aas "ased on the traditional curriculu% at @atok and included classes on ?Ldhya%aka and Nra%LṇavLrtika. Nriority Aas also given to training the %onks in the rituals o$ the ongchen yingtik treasure cycle.
?unsel gathered several hundred la%as and %onks $ro% various #laces around the region to resu%e their traditional #rayers and religious $estivals) such as a regular uru Rin#oche $east on the tenth o$ the Ti"etan %onth 5tshes "cu. /%#hasiFing the i%#ortance o$ Qinaya) ?unsel also reintroduced the Rainy-Season Retreat as an annual activity at his %onastery. radually) the nu%"er o$ #eo#le seeking %onastic voAs under his guidance increased and the nu%"er o$ resident %onks greA. ?unsel $ounded another dhar%a center 5chos sgar at o%%e seltang 5sgo% %ed 'od gsal thang in the yikhok 5rnyi khog region o$ @ha%. o%e seltang "eca%e his %ain residence) $ro% Ahere he continued to #ractice and teach on clear light 5'od gsal according to DFogchen yingtik #ractice. e re%ained there $or the rest o$ his li$e. Thousands o$ disci#les Aere said to have gathered to receive his teachings. n his later li$e he Aas o$ten #resented Aith large Muantities o$ gold) silver) agate) and other #recious stones as o$$erings. e sent these to Ti"et's $irst %onastery) Sa%ye 5"sa% yas) in order to su##ort its %aintenance and restoration. e donated one hundred thousand Bhinese Yuan to create a $und that su##orted around seventy resident %onks at Sa%ye) and donated $orty thousand Yuan to s#onsor the #roduction o$ Aood"locks o$ the Aritings o$ gaAang NelFang and other religious te4ts. These Aere #reserved at yoshul on#alung ?onastery) Ahere he had originally studied the ongchen yingtik Aith gaAang NelFang. e also donated several kilogra%s o$ e4#ensive coral to @atok ?onastery to s#onsor the creation o$ o"jects o$ $aith. olding the vieA that lu4uries Aere an o"stacle to genuine dhar%a #ractice) he eventually donated his re%aining "elongings) including statues) "ooks) and other valua"le goods) to Nonkor ?onastery) Ahich he had esta"lished "e$ore going to #rison) retaining only so%e "asic o"jects $or his daily use. e s#ent his re%aining li$e living as a si%#le %onk. utside o$ ?unsel's strict regular #ractice) he continued to teach a large nu%"er o$ disci#les hailing $ro% every Ti"etan tradition until his death. So%e o$ his #ro%inent disci#les include the /ighth archen) @onchok yeltsen( Traga Rin#oche( the /ighth !deu Rin#oche( Ten#a Dargye( @atok @hen#o Ne%a odro 5ka thog %khan #o #adP%a "lo gro) d.u.) @atok#a a%yang yeltsen 5ka thog #a 'ja% d"yangs rgyal %tshan) ".1>2>) and Nelyul Dartang 5d#al yul dar thang) d.u.. So%e o$ ?unsel Rin#oche's co%#ositions include a ?editation and Recitation o$ !kṣ o"hya 5%i 'khrugs #a'i sgo% Flas( a Nrayer to ?ajuKr 5'ja% d"yangs gsol 'de"s( a Nrayer $or uidance in ,uture ives 5tshe ra"s rjes 'dFin gyi gsol 'de"s( a Trans$erence in 0rie$ 5'#ho "a "sdus #a( and a Bollection o$ /ssential nstructions 5Fhal gda%s #hyogs sgrig. n ,e"ruary or ?arch o$ 1>>6) on the $ull-%oon day o$ the tAel$th %onth o$ the Aater-"ird year in the seventeenth se4agenary cycle) ?unsel #assed aAay at his residence in o%e seltang at the age o$ a"out seventy-seven. Ten#a Dargye and his assistants ke#t his death a secret $or seven days. The local #eo#le) hoAever) Aere said to have o"served %any %iraculous signs Ahich according to tradition acco%#any the #assing o$ a great %aster) and the neAs Muickly s#read. @hen#o Ne%a odro Aas invited to rouse ?unsel $ro% his #ost-%orte% %editative state 5thugs da%. They #er$or%ed rites and rituals $or #uri$ying his "ody) dressed hi% in tantric costu%e) #ositioned hi% to hold a vajra and "ell) and sat hi% on a throne to give audience to devotees $or tAenty-one days. Nonkor ?onastery s#onsored #rayers and %ade e4tensive o$$erings including an a"undance o$ tor%a and "utter la%#s. The detailed #re-cre%ation rites and rituals) #er$or%ed "y a nu%"er o$ la%as) Aere led "y the a""ot o$ yoshul ?onastery 5s%yo shul dgon #a) Sanggye Tsering 5sangs rgyas tshe ring) d.u.) etse Tulku yur%e yeltsen 5dge rtse s#rul sku 'gyur %ed rgyal %tshan) d.u.) and @atok#a a%yang yeltsen. The cre%ation Aas done in accordance Aith the C,ire Nuja o$ the ,our !ctivitiesC 5las "Fhi'i s"yin sreg. Seven days a$ter the cre%ation relics 5ring "srel Aere discovered in his re%ains) including i%ages o$ Arath$ul deities e%"ossed on his skull and #eace$ul deities on his s#ine. is disci#les and devotees "uilt a tAo-story stu#a decorated in gold and silver and a te%#le to house his relics. Sources 'a% d"yangs rgyal %tshan. 1>><. Rgyal "a ka thog #a'i lo rgyus %dor "sdus. Bhengdu: Si khron %i rigs d#e skrun khang) #. 1;2-1;3. G273>< @henchen ?unsel. 2711. Rdo rje 'chang dngos %khan chen %un sel %chog gi Fa" gsung gces "sdus dang nyer %kho khag cig. @ath%andou: Thrangu tashi choling. G1@1796> yoshul @hen#o. 277;. ! ?arvelous arland o$ Rare e%s: 0iogra#hies o$ ?asters o$ !Aareness in the DFogchen ineage. unction Bity) Bali$ornia: Nad%a Nu"lishing) ##. ;26-;2< Tshe ring ryal %tshan. 1>>=. Snyigs dus "stan #a'i sgron %e khya" "dag rdo rje 'chang %khan chen chos kyi rgyal #o %un sel rin #o che'i rna% thar %thong "a don ldan. Bhengdu: 0od rdFogs chen lhan tshogs) ##. 1-;1. T0RB 21><9 Sa%ten Bhhos#hel ?arch 2713 htt#:**treasuryo$lives.org*"iogra#hies*vieA*@hen#o-?unsel*>>2>
