TIDEL PARK Located in Taramani, the gateway to the cyber-corridor in Tamil Nadu, Tidel Park is the largest technology park of o f its kind in Asia. Built with the objective o bjective of providing a 'plug-and play' facility to IT firms, it is spread over 1. 2 million square feet. It represents an architecturally modern, Intelligent Building Complex, designed by Architects C. R. Narayana Rao. The building management system has been designed, implemented and commissioned by RACE India. According to R. Suresh of RACE India, buildings are no longer simply "working environments". They are integral to business operations. op erations. Competitiveness depends on building performance. Automation System, with a high-level of system integration, has been execut ed at Tidel Park. The Integrated Building Management System, at Tidel, ensures comfort and safety for the tenants, by controlling and managing the air-conditioners, lifts, access control systems and all plant and machinery installed. The Tidel Park building has a ll the attributes of a smart building namely: Building
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Energy Management Systems Syste ms - Airconditioning, Airconditioning, vent ilation, smoke exhaust systems, heat recovery units and chillers with Thermal Energy Sto rage tanks and water management systems. Life Safety Measures - Fire detection, detect ion, access control, Closed Circuit Television Cameras(CCTV). Telecommunication Systems and Office Automation Systems - UPS, EPABX, Public Address system and channelled music system.
The IBMS control room is the nerve centre of the whole building. It houses 10 workstations including an NT server, a 100 mb ethernet link and 12 CCTV monitors. The nerve centre is fed with power from a 60 Kva UPS from the IBMS network room. The network room also houses the EPABX, Public Address System racks and the distrib d istribution ution panels for the UPS. All the IBMS controllers co ntrollers and sensors are supported on the central UPS by a network of 4 bus ducts. The UPS also feeds the fire alarm and access system. The EPABX system handles more than 200 lines and is integrated with the fire alarm and vo ice paging on the Public Address System. Voice paging and alarm messaging are features integrated with the fire alarm and building maintenance system The Integrated Building Management System at Tidel saves real money by :
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Reducing energy consumption, through scheduled operations of chillers and pumps for optimal wear and tear. Freeing the staff for other duties Improving the building environment Enhancing the efficiency of operation Increasing the comfort level of employees and Extending the life of capital equipment equ ipment Highlights
More than 3,500 fire alarm sensors Over 40 barriers and turnstiles, for access control and security Entry, only by smart cards Over 72 CCTV cameras for 24 hours monitoring Escalators connecting common area 19 large capacity high speed lifts lifts and heavy duty service lifts for vertical transportation The Thermal Energy Storage tank t ank has a capacity of 24,000 24,0 00 Thermal Hours. This system is the third largest in the world Pre-wired offices with 20 MBPS links, digital exchange p hone lines and communication networks through Videsh Sanchar Nigam LtdLtd - Department of Tele-communication (VSNL-DoT) and Software Technology Parks of India (STPI) 16 underground sumps and overhead tanks. Associated pumps are monitored and automated to ensure that the tenants' taps do not run dry
Intelligent Building: A New Concept for
Building
Construction
Submitted by: Akash Vijayvargiya B.E. Final Year, Civil U.E.C., Ujjain
Madam Swati Jain (B.S,M.S,Phdcc)
Chairperson, Swati Jain College Indore
Abstract
This paper discusses about design of Intelligent B uilding- a concept recently developed for making
building cost and energy efficient. The paper discusses various aspects of Intellig ent Building design, selection of equipment for energy saving, I BMS, various controls/services under IBMS, energy management through IBMS, security, access controls, cost saving for an intelligent building.
Introduction
Engineers, architects and interior designers often use the phrase "intelligent building" to mean an office building with telecommunications that allow rapid reconfiguration of the interior layout for a client. When engineers say a building is intelligent, they often mean that computer programs coordinate many building subsystems to regulate the interior temperatures HVAC and providing power. The goal is usually to reduce the operating cost of the building while maintaining the desired environment for the occupants. Commercial-off-the-shelf Building Automation Systems (BAS) are available. A basic BAS saves energy by widening temperature ranges and reducing lighting in unoccupied spaces. A BAS also reduces costs for electricity by shedding loads when electricity is higher-priced. Often, a building can be designed so that air-conditioning and refrigeration can be deferred. Definition of Intelligent Building An Intelligent Building is one which provides an efficient and cost-effective environment through optimization of its four basic elements:
(1) (2) (3) (4)
Structure to house various infrastructure/services. Systems Services and management of Services An effective interrelationship between all of them
Different aspects of Intelligent Building The
Intelligent Building Design has eight different aspects. Every aspect is important for the making a
building efficient. The following are the aspects:
Energy efficient Building services with proper selection of equipment Building Automation system Information management System integration Communication wiring system and network design
Facility management Technology Maintenance
Intelligent Building technology and design
Energy efficient Building services w ith proper equipment: This
plays the most vital role. The services include HVAC, Steam, Lighting, Security, Fire,
Elevators, Treatment plant, Fuel Oil system etc.
(1) Selection of energy efficient equipments are of prim e consideration with superior and latest technology (2) Integrated building building management system (IBMS) plays plays a very vital role to to integrate integrate and and utilize effectively all these services
IBMS the heart of Intelligent building IBMS includes computer based monitoring to co-ordinate, organize and optimize various building control sub-system like HVAC, Steam,
Treatment
plant, Lighting, Security, Fire,
Elevators, Compressed Air, Fuel oil system etc. Function of IBMS:
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Integration of all services
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Energy management
y
Monitor, control and operate of all electro-mechanical equipment
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Preventive and Breakdown maintenance program.
Common Application for IBMS :
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Equipment scheduling like which machine to run at what time, at what sequence
y
Optimum Start/Stop.
y
Operator Adjustment.
y
Monitoring.
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Alarm Reporting and all report generation
IBMS serves to BUILDING USERS :
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Controlling environment/performance of various sub systems from desktop PC/local controllers.
y
Also it allows for remote controlling if desired.
IBMS serves to BUILDING OWNERS:
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Linking Building data directly to true cost of operation
y
Maintenance management facilities both preventive as well as breakdown
maintenance.
Components of IBMS The
following components are used for design of IBMS Building
DDC/PLC based control panel
Input Devices/Sensors y
Status Sensors
y
Analog Input Sensors
y
Pulse Input Sensors
Output Devices/Sensors
y
Analog Output
y
Digital Output
T ransd ransd ucers
Data Highway/cabling/conduitin Highway/ cabling/conduiting g Central Computer Software Connectivity Communication Protocol y
Delivery Mechanisms
y
Information representation
Delivery Mechanisms
y
ARCNET
y
Ethernet
y
Echelon
y
RS-485 (Master-slave/Token Pass)
y
RS-232 (Point to Point)
Information Representation
y
ASCII
y
BACnet
y
LonWorks
y
Modbus
Sub-Systems of IBMS
F ire ire
Life Safety System
y
Fire Detection & Alarming Systems
y
Fire Hydrant Management System
y
Fire Smoke Management System
E nergy nergy
Management System
y
HVAC control systems
y
Mechanical & Electrical Utilities Management System
y
Lighting Control System
y
Indoor Air Quality Management Systems
y
Vertical Transportation Systems
Security Management System
y
Access Control Systems
y
Intruder Alarm Systems
y
CCTV Surveillance System
y
Outdoor Security System like Patrol Tour, Perimeter Security Systems etc.
Communication Systems
y
EPABX based Communication network
y
LAN & WAN environments
y
Paging Systems
y
Public address systems
y
Video Conferencing Systems
Control Sol utions
HVAC Monitoring and Control y
Valves, Dampers & Actuators
y
Sensors/Thermostats
y
Controllers
Fire Detection & Alarm y
Fire Alarm Panels
y
Smoke Detectors
y
Isolator Module
y
Monitor Modules
y
Control Modules
Lighting Control
Monitoring of equipments Security and Surveilance like Systems y
Electrical (MCCs)
y
Sensors for Doors and Windows
y
DG sets
y
Infra Red/microware Beam Detectors
y
WTP & STP
y
Closed Circuit TV Systems (CCTV)
y
Steam Boilers
y
Access Control Systems
y
Hot Water Generators etc.
F ire ire
Management System
Fire Detection and Alarm System Fire Evacuation Systems Fire Fighting system interface
F ire ire
Alarm Systems :
Types of Systems :
Conventional Digital Addressable Analog Addressable
T ypes ypes
of Detectors
Conventional Ionization Smoke Detectors Conventional Photo Electric Smoke Detector Conventional Heat Detectors Digital Addressable Ionization Smoke Detector Digital addressable Photo Electric Smoke Detectors Digital Addressable Heat Detectors Analog Addressable Ionization Smoke Detector Analog Addressable Photo Electric Smoke Detector Analog Addressable Heat Detectors Very Intelligent Early Warning Laser Detectors (VIEW) Hostile Environment Smoke Detectors (HARSH)
T ypes ypes
of F ire ire Alarm Systems
Conventional Digital Addressable Analog Addressable VIEW Flash Scan
Fire Detection and Monitoring
Smoke, Heat Detectors
Optical Beam Detectors Manual Alarms Audible Alarms Repeat Alarms Smoke Control Fire Suppression system monitoring
E mergency mergency
Voice E vac vacuation
Public Address Pre-recorded voice message Music Channels Auto dialing to fire station
F ire ire E vac vacuation
Systems
Pre recorded messages Floorwise paging Paging for Floor above and below
F ire ire fighting interface
Monitoring of Fire Fighting pumps for On/Off, Trip, Auto-Manual, Header Pressure, Flow, Tank Levels etc.
Energy Consumption Pattern
60% by Air Conditioning
23% by Lighting 6% by Lifts
11% by others
System Design
Air-Conditional system is designed at maximum load
Electricity Costs Rising Pattern Rising Every Year (5 %-10%)
Chilled Water T emperat emperat ure
With 0.5rC increase in chilled water return temperature, loss of 1 TR/Hour
Variable F req requency Drive
10% reduction in frequency results in 3 0% reduction in power consumption Air Conditioning Control Chillers
Primary CHW Pumps Condenser Pumps Secondary CHW Pumps Cooling Towers FCUs and AHUs Ventilation Fans
T hird hird
Party Interfaces
Fire Fighting Interface Energy Monitoring Water Pumping System Interface DG interface Boiler Interface Water Treatment plant interface Sewage Treatment Plant Interface
Ac Plant Room HVAC
Chiller Integration through high level interface
Sequential Start-up and shutdown of all equipment Chiller Sequencing based on Return water temperature Real run time equalization of all equipment using run hours Load Reset of Chiller Discharge Set point temperature User Settable chiller package requirement setpoints Safety interlocks built in to Chiller control logic.
Air Handling-HVAC
Monitoring and Controlling AHU Fans AHU Fan Duty Cycling (space occupied mode) PID Control Based on Return Air temperature Fresh Air damper m odulation based on return air quality Fresh Air damper control Override based CO2 Sensor input Space Occupancy interlinked with time programme/ROR CO2 sensor v alue AHU run at minimum speed to maintain air quality Fire Interlocks in AHUs Ventilation Systems HVAC Ventilation Fans Monitoring of : Fan On/Off status using MCBs with limit switches Belt Broken status through current switches Liftwell pressurization Fans : Switched on incase of fire Full blast operation of fans incase of fire Just as much energy as required, no more, no less PID temperature controls
Occupancy Based Controls Optimum Start-Stop Duty Cycling Load Reset/Economizer Cycle changeover Enthalpy controls Zero energy Band Monitoring and Control of equipment DG sets : Status monitoring of DG outgoing feeders Bus couplers etc. along with monitoring of Parameters for DG power. Lifts Sump Pumps
Monitoring of Pump on/off status
Parameters for incoming power and outgoing feeders to AC, Lighting etc.
Lightening Control
Occupancy based control Scheduled time based start/stop Start/stop based on outside light intensity
Lighting Control Can Achieve
Time based lighting control daily/ weekly/calendar
Local/Remote operation of Zonal lighting
Occupancy based lighting control for Cabins/C onference Halls Further control of lighting is possible, if required, for areas which are not used on a daily basis
Water Pumping System Interface
Monitoring of pump parameters, tank levels etc. for domestic water supply to Floor activity Flushing Cooling towers Make up water for all services, as required
Boiler Interface
Monitoring of Steam Temperature Flash Steam valves Steam modulating valves Boiler status streamline pressures etc.
Water T reatment reatment Plant Interface
Level monitoring of sodium hydrochloride, Alum Dosing tanks, or any other dosing, as required Monitoring status of carbon filters Monitoring water pump status
Level monitoring of cooling water and flushing water tank
Access Control System
Entry Validation Controller Door Strike/Magnetic Door Locks Door Position Sensor Exit Push Button ID Cards
Intr uder
Alarm System
Glass Break Sensors Vibration Sensors PIR Sensors Door Switches Presence Detection Panic Buttons
Controller
Audio-Visual Annunciation Hooters Strobe Lights
Auto Paging Auto Dial Voice
Securing Assets
Credentials are used to grant access to secure areas to authorized personnel only. Capability to control who goes w here, when. Anti-passback feature to prevent misuse. Can be integrated to the HR MIS for attendance monitoring. Technologies
Magnetic Stripe Weigand Proximity Biometic Components Credential Reader Controller Door Strike/Magnetic Locks Magnetic Contacts
inger F inger
y
Print Reader
Convenience of the human finger, Unique keys, to provide irrefutable personal identification, supersedes keys, cards, secret passwords and PINs.
y
Provides a solution that cannot be forged, memorized, altered, stolen or duplicated
y
Applications : Cash Room Safe Box Room Back-of-house areas Time and Attendance
Critical documentation room
CC T TV Systems Components
CCD Cameras Lens PTZ units Housings Switcher/Multiplexer Monitor Time
Lapse VCR
CC T TV Surveillance to Secure the building
y
First line of security systems
y
Surveillance system can be effectively concealed and unobtrusive
y
Events can be recorded for analysis/ liability issues
y
Can be interlocked with access control, fire alarm systems
E lectrical lectrical
Point O f View
y
Space for Installation of Various Transuders Like Kw, KWH, Current & Voltage in the PCC s and MCCs as required
y
Additional C Ts/PTs to be considered for above
y
Auxiliary Potential free contacts for status indication of various circuit breakers and starter contactors
y
Auto/Manual selector switches for various starters
y
Control circuitry of circuit breakers/starters has to be desig ned to facilitate acceptance of auto command from the BMS.
K ey ey F actors actors
to contribute for Intelligent Building
Energy Savings Savings on Man power costs Better Information systems Reduced Maintenance costs Reduced depreciation costs Flexibility of building use
Benefits
y
Improves & Documents Occupant Comfort
y
Reduces heating, ventilation & cooling costs through improved sub-system management
y
Reduces Time require to monitor & manage building operation
y
Allows support & logistics from remote operation
y
Increases reliability of plant and services
Limitations
y
Must be manually operated to to improve occupant comfort, indoor air quality, quality, building energy use and environmental impact.
y
Quantity and complexity of sub-systems must be great enough to warrant cost of system
Integration with third party equipments Chiller manufacturers (Trane, York, Mac Quay, Carrier etc.) VFDs (Danfoss, Siemens, ABB) Precision Air Handling Systems (Stulz, Hiross) Energy Meters (L&T, Enercon, Electrix) VAVs UPS, DG Sets
Alarm Routing through through pagers/mobile phones. Remote access through Internet for complete operation
BMS E nhancements nhancements
y
World Wide Web Defining DDC Controls
y
CCD Cameras
y
Field Bus Communication Standards Limiting Protocols
y
Wireless Revolution
y
Componentization of HVAC Control
y
Wireless service revolution
y
Direct Digital Control Evolution
y
Green Buildings
y
Wireless Monitoring
y
Wireless Sensors
y
Connecting the building occupant to building comfort system
Prel ude to planning of BAS for a b uilding
Mode of Building operation and ownership of operation of the same to be decided Identify potential benefits of BAS Identify Practical Limits to usage of BAS Identification of Ownership & required interaction between building sub-systems to ensure successful integration. Design Presentation & Construction management to be an active part of this integration.
Cost
It ranges from 50 USD to 300 USD per point (with a very general estimation) depending on the mix of included points. This
includes real points only and not virtual points that is included in most systems.
C OST SAV ING ING d ue to Intelligence of b uilding :
y
Major cost saving happens due to energy efficiency in may ways
y
Right from selection of energy efficient equipment
y
Running with optimum requirement
y Timely
fault identification and thereby avoiding capital investment
y Timely Maintenance
y
Indirect ways like
y
Report generation and thereby locating happenings very precisely. Analysis being make easy and simple.
y
Because of effective utilization of machineries, lesser expenses for maintenance team.
y
Less expenses for reduced usage of Lig ht Fittings.
Also, we all are likely to work more efficiently in an effective intelligent building, after all human efficiency is most important.
Intelligent
Building Design :
At design stage of the building, designer has to keep i n mind for intelligent building design concepts like y
Shape and direction of the building, so that it calls for less loading on artificial cooling/heating system
y
Provision of Attrium leads to saving in illumination cost.
y
Decision on right kind of false ceiling
y
Designing with roof insulation to reduce artificial cooling/heating.
y
Decision on location of plant room and other technical area keeping in mind proper movement of various services.
y
At design stage, provision of adequate space for movement of services which w ill keep the building intelligent by providing adequate shaft at right place, maintenance provision etc.
Concl usion
With lot of energy crisis in todays world now its important for architects, engineers and construction managers to make buildings which are energy energy efficient. Its important to understand that more
electronics does not necessarily mean more i ntelligent building. building. Also, the entire control has to be effective and cost effective and finally balanced decision is to be taken for effective design.
References:
Mr. S. Choudhary, L&T ECC Division
Mr. Nrapendra Sharma, GM, Madhya Pradesh A udhyogik Kendra Vikas Nigam (Indore) Ltd.
Mr. D.P. Patwari, EE, Madhya Pradesh Audhyogik Kendra Vikas Nigam, (Indore) (I ndore) Ltd.
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