Three Lectures Lectures on History- Horacio Horacio Dela Costa Costa History- reconstruction of man’s past from written records Social Science- concerned on interaction of individual and community, vice-versa What happened? Why? How? atural History- history of environment !re-history- from appearance of man to written records "supported #y artifacts and written records$ records$ arrative account- for the purpose of historical records e%&% !elopponesian Wars Documents- tells certain events that &ives a &limpse of the wor'in&s, e%&% (a&na Carta )ral, written records, artifacts "accd&% to *ocano$ +#ilities of a Historian % .% /% 0%
nowle nowled& d&e e of of Lan& Lan&ua& ua&es es +#ilit +#i lity y to sift sift evide evidenc nce e !assio !assion n for accur accuracy acy or compl complete ete inte&ri inte&rity ty +#le to to #rin& #rin& to life life the past past events, events, to to #e an artis artistt
1unctions or Lessons of History % How to condu conduct ct our our pres present ent life .% Hinds Hindsi&h i&htt "never "never foresi foresi&h &ht$ t$ Law of 2nde3nite !ro&ress "+&e of 4eason$ -slowly and truly, man is &ettin& #etter and #etter +ccd&% to *ocano, 5History is the perceptions of ourselves% 2t e6presses a people’s collective attitudes aspirations and #ehaviors%7 Term Term 51ilipino 51ilipino7 7 "di a'o sure$ 8illalo#os- 1elipinas !eninsulas- Spanish #orn in the !hilippines 9sed for people who went a&ainst the Spanish !hilippines!hilippines- coined #y +mericans
+rchaeolo&ical Datin& (ethod
Traditional- studyin& &eolo&ical layers - process of assessment in cultural attri#utes :Historical inference- somethin& somethin& somethin& :+ssociation- #ased on traded items
% .% /% 0% =% >% @%
Car#on 0- 0;,;;;-<;,;;; years old, 5Half-life7 9ranium and Thorium Decay- .;;,;;; years old !otassium and +r&on Decay- million and thousands 57 Thermoluminescence- recent Dendrochronolo&y-tree rin&s Strati3cation of land- atlands Correlation- cross-reference of historical records
Land uplift, land #rid&es !eriod of su#sidence- attenin& of surface 1luvial !henomenon- cont% and e6tensive rain headin& to forests
Aarliest (en % *ava (an -massive cranial capacity -recedin& forehead -protrudin& eye#rows -power of speech .% !e'in& (an -invented tools and discovered 3re -not so protrudin& eye#rows /% Ta#on (an -modern man
1ormative !hase -+ncestors formed tools to cope with environment -Dominant industry is stone-tool "% 4ou&hly-made .% 9npolished /% Beneralied$
-Criteria for Stones "% Tenacity .% Homo&eneity /% Somethin& somethin&$ Ceramic industry- pottery, #urial ars "primary and secondary$ 1ishin&, horticulture, Batherin&, ain&in
2ncipient !hase -2nternal tradin& started -4ivers were used as hi&hways -(etal tools were introduced "Car#uriation- 3rin&, Euenchin&, temperin&$ -Tradin& of Surplus -Can sustain a lar&er population -Lead to Social Classes
Amer&ent !hase -Social )r&aniation and !atterns of Culture -Writin& System -!olitical 1ra&mentation -1orei&n Trade "2ndia, China, Thailand, +ra#s$
Faran&anic !hase
-political or&aniation -#aran&ays can #e considered a state -% Territory .% Fureaucracy /% Custom laws 0% Soverei&nty =% Common herita&e >% Social mo#ility
-social or&aniation % !olitical leadership "charisma, wealth, military prowess$ Duties of Datu- protects #aran&ay, maintains peace and order Warriors are called #ayani inship is #ilateral
4eli&ion was esta#lished
