This is the Analysis of the Poem the Palanquin Bearers by Sarojini Naidu

This is the analysis of the poem the Palanquin Bearers by Sarojini Naidu. Every line in this poem has metaphorical as well as a literal meaning.

For example: !ightly" # !ightly we bear he along"$

This could mean that she is very light. That is the literal meaning but the metaphorical meaning is that they are not taking it seriously as it was under  their position to carry women (according to them and rest of Indian culture) The setting of the poem is the forest and the song of the bearers that is hanging on the air. The The mood is not very clear as it is a bridal procession procession and as always at a bridal procession there are always mixed emotions. In the second stanza the bearers start to develop feelings for the bride. This time the poet says: Softly" # softly we bear her along"$

This shows that they have gained some respect towards her and actually treat her her and and her her emot emotio ions ns deli delica cate tely ly.. The poet poet cont contin inuo uous usly ly stre stress ss on the the emotional situation of the bride and her mixed emotions. The last line of both the stanzas have particularly got to me. !e bear her along like a pearl on a string." This represents the actual palan#uin with the strings as the sticks and the pearl as the the stri string ng.. This his also also repr repres esen ents ts that that they they are are tryi trying ng not not to hurt hurt her  her  emotionally. I think when they say it in the second paragraph they do not mean it as a burden.

Summary of poem %palanquin bearers% by sarojini naidu&

This poem expresses the $oy and pride of the palan#uin bearers in carrying the royal princess to her in laws house.  The palan#uin bearers are taking the princess in a palan#uin and say that the royal princess is not at all a burden for them but a privilege as she sits and dream of her future after marriage. %ccording to the bearers they carry the princess very carefully as if she is like dew or a tear drop. They sing happily as they carry her away. The princess also sways long on hearing their song. They say that she is like the bird that skims on the foam of a stream

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Nader Shah N'der Sh'h (fsh'r  or Nadir Shah (ersian: *+,- */ 0*12 also known as  Nāder Qoli Beg  3 456 789 0*1 or Tahmāsp Qoli Khān  3 *; 789 <=*>?@) (AovemberB &CDD E&F or %ugust CB &CGD E'F

 H une &GB &JKJ) ruled as Lhah of Iran (&JMCHKJ) and was the founder of the %fsharid dynasty  which briefly became one of the most powerful ersian dynasties in Iranian history. Necause of his military genius as evidenced in numerous martial encounters throughout the Naderian )ars such as the battles of OeratB PihmandustB Purche3QhortB %gh3RarbandB  NaghavardB Qheibar passB Qarnal S QarsB some historians have described him as the  Napoleon of PersiaEF or the Second  Alexander .ECF Aader Lhah was a member of  the Turkic %fshar tribe  of northern  ersiaBEJF  which had supplied military power to the Lafavid state since the time of Lhah Ismail I.EDF  Aader rose to power during a period of anarchy in Iran after a rebellion by the Ootaki %fghans had overthrown the weak Lhah Lultan OusaynB and both the arch enemy of the LafavidsB the UttomansB and the Vussians  had seized ersian territory for themselves.  Aader reunited the ersian realm and removed the invaders. Oe became so powerful that he decided to depose the last members of the Lafavid dynastyB which had ruled Iran for over  'WW yearsB and become shah himself in &JMC. Ois numerous campaigns created a great empire that briefly encompassed what is now part of or includes IranB %rmeniaB %zerbai$anB XeorgiaB the  Aorth YaucasusB Ira#B TurkeyB TurkmenistanB %fghanistanB Ta$ikistanB ZzbekistanB akistanB Aorth IndiaB Uman and the ersian XulfB but his military spending had a ruinous effect on the ersian economy. E&F  Aader idolized Xenghis Qhan and Timur B the previous con#uerors from Yentral %sia. Oe imitated their military prowess and [ especially later in his reign [ their cruelty. Ois victories during the Aaderian !ars briefly made him !est %sia\s most powerful sovereign  but his empire #uickly disintegrated after he was assassinated in &JKJ. EGF Aader Lhah has  been described as ]the last great %sian military con#ueror]Aader Lhah was born in the fortress of RastgerdEMF into the ^ere#lu clan of the %fsharsB a semi3nomadic ^izilbash tribe settled in the northern valleys of QhorasanB a province in the north3east of the ersian _mpire.E&&F Ois fatherB _mam ^oliB was a herdsman who may also have been a camel driver  and coatmaker. E&'F Oe died while Aader was still young. E&MF %ccording to legendsB Aader and his mother were carried off as slaves  by marauding Zzbek   or Turkmen tribesmenB but  Aader managed to escape. Oe $oined a band of brigands while still a boy and eventually  became their leader. Znder the patronage of %fshar chieftainsB he rose through the ranks to  become a powerful military figure. Aader married the two daughters of Naba %li NegB a local chief.Aader grew up during the final years of the Lafavid dynasty which had ruled Iran since &W'. %t its peakB under such figures as %bbas the XreatB Lafavid ersia had  been a powerful empireB but by the early &Dth century the state was in serious decline and the reigning shahB Lultan OusaynB was a weak ruler. !hen Lultan Ousayn attempted to #uell a rebellion by the Xhilzai %fghans in QandaharB the governor he sent (Xurgin Qhan) was killed. Znder their leader Pahmud OotakiB the rebellious %fghans moved westwards against the shah himself and in &J'' they defeated a force at the Nattle of Xulnabad and then besieged the capitalB Isfahan.E&KF %fter the shah failed to escape to rally a relief force elsewhereB the city was starved into submission and Lultan Ousayn abdicatedB handing  power to Pahmud. In QhorasanB Aader at first submitted to the local %fghan governor of  PashhadB Palek PahmudB but then rebelled and built up his own small army. Lultan Ousayn\s son had declared himself Lhah Tahmasp IIB but found little support and fled to the ^a$ar tribeB who offered to back him. PeanwhileB ersia\s imperial rivalsB the Uttomans and the VussiansB took advantage of the chaos in the country to seize territory for themselves. M

Nader Shah

Peacoc+ Throne

(hmad Shah *urrani

safdarjung K

(hmad Shah *urrani (hmad Sh'h *urr'n,   (c. &J'' H &C Uctober &JJ') ( ashto`ersian: known as (hmad -h'n (bd'l,  (ashto`ersian: -6- *; >-)B was

1-0 */ >-)B also the founder of the Rurrani _mpire and is regarded as the founder of the modern state of %fghanistan.E&FE'FEMFEKF Oe began his career by enlisting as a young soldier in the military of the %fsharid kingdom and #uickly rose to become a commander  of the %bdali VegimentB a cavalry  of four  thousand %bdali ashtun soldiers.EF %fter the death of Aader Lhah %fshar  in &JKJB %hmad Lhah Rurrani was chosen as  Qing of  %fghanistan. Vallying his %fghan tribes and alliesB he pushed east towards the Pughal and the Paratha empires of IndiaB west towards the disintegrating %fsharid _mpire of ersiaB and north toward the Qhanate of Nukhara. !ithin a few yearsB he extended his control from Qhorasan in the west to Qashmir  and  Aorth India in the eastB and from the %mu Rarya in the north to the %rabian Lea in the south.EMFECF Rurrani\s mausoleum  is located at  QandaharB  %fghanistanB ad$acent to the Lhrine of the Yloak   in the center of the city. %fghans often refer to him as  Ahmad Shāh Bābā  (]%hmad Lhah the ather ]) Rurrani was born in or about &J'' to Pohammad aman QhanB chief of the %bdali tribe and Xovernor of OeratB and arghuna %lakozai. There has been some debate about Rurrani\s exact place of birth. E&WF Post believe that he was born in OeratB %fghanistan. E&FEKFE&&F E&'FE&MFE&KF  Une of the historians relied on primary sources such as Pahmud3ul3Pusanna\s Tarikh-i-Ahmad Shahi   of &JM and Imam3uddin al3Oussaini\s Tarikh-i-Hussain Shahi of  &JGD. Uthers hold that he was actually born in the city of Pultan during a period when his mother was taking temporary shelter with relatives due to a struggle in Oerat between the Xhil$is and %bdalis. E&&F Loon after Rurrani was born his father died. The title of his father as governor was passed down to ulfi#ar QhanB older brother of Rurrani. Rurrani\s forefathers were Ladozais but his mother was from the %lakozai tribe. In une &J'GB the %bdali forces under ulfi#ar had surrendered to Aader Lhah %fsharB the rising new ruler of ersia. OoweverB they soon began a rebellion and took over Oerat as well as Pashad. In uly &JMWB he defeated Ibrahim QhanB a military commander and brother of   Aadir Lhah. This prompted Aadir Lhah to retake Pashad and also intervene in the power  struggle of Oarat. Ny uly &JM&B ulfi#ar returned to his capital arah where he had been serving as the governor  since &J'C. % year later Aadir\s brother Ibrahim Qhan took control of arah. Ruring this time ulfi#ar and the young Rurrani fled to Qandahar where they took refuge with the Xhil$is. E&F They were later made political prisoners by Oussain Ootak B the Xhil$i ruler of the Qandahar region.  Aader Lhah had been enlisting the %bdalis in his army since around &J'G. %fter con#uering Qandahar   in &JMDB Rurrani and his brother ulfi#ar were freed and provided with leading careers in Aadir Lhah\s administration. ulfi#ar was made Xovernor of Pazandaran while Rurrani remained working as Aadir Lhah\s personal attendant. The Xhil$isB who are originally from the territories east of the Qandahar regionB were expelled from Qandahar in order to resettle the %bdalis along with some ^izilbash and other ersians

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Peacoc+ Throne The Peacoc+ Throne (Lanskrit:  मय      रसन :  a!"rāsanaB Zrdu: * j@B ersian: j@  * B Takh#-i Tā$"s) was a famous $ewelled  throne  that was the seat of the  Pughal emperors of India. It was commissioned in the early &Jth century by emperor Lhah ahan and was located in the Ved ort of Relhi. The original throne was subse#uently captured and taken as a war trophy in &JMG by the ersian king  Aader LhahB and has been lost ever  since. % 'WWW report by The TribuneB estimated the value of the eacock Throne at D&W million ZLR (Vs K. billion).E&F % replacement throne based on the original was commissioned afterwards and existed until the Indian Vebellion of &DJ. Lhah ahan ruled in what is considered the Xolden %ge of the vast Pughal _mpireB which covered almost all of the Indian subcontinent. It was ruled from the newly constructed capital of Lhah$ahanabad  and the fabled imperial citadel  Ved ortB with its marble and golden halls bedecked in $ewels and silkB perfumed water fountains and canals runningB surrounded by fragrant gardens. Lumptuous feastsB religious festivalsB extravagant receptions for state guestsB with innumerous artists and musiciansB a large zenana and thousands of soldiersB courtiers and servants who ensured for a colourful and $oyful life far  away from everyday worries. The focus around which everything revolved was the emperorB where he gave audiences and received petitioners. The court and its ruler was a mirror image of paradise on earthB in the very centre of the empire. %mongst the various titles he carriedB such as Xreat Qing (*/0*B  Badshah)B he was also the Lhadow of Xod ( %illi-Allahi)B making him the executor of Xod\s will. The sovereign therefore also held a court of $ustice. It was therefore necessary to have a proper seat or Throne of Lolomon (j@  *>58=B Takht3e3Lulaiman) to underscore his position of the $ust king. ust like Lolomon\s throneB the eacock Throne was to be covered in gold and $ewelledB with steps leading up to itB with the ruler floating above ground and closer to heaven. Lince the imperial treasury at that point was full of precious $ewelsB Lhah ahan had ample resources and decided to put the $ewels and pearls into a more public use. Laid Xilani and his workmen from the imperial goldsmiths\ department were commissioned with the construction of this new throne. It took seven years to complete. arge amounts of solid goldB precious stones and pearls were usedB creating a masterful piece of Pughal workmanship that was unsurpassed before or after its creation. It was an opulent indulgence that could only be seen by a small minority of courtiersB aristocrats and visiting dignitaries. The throne was even for the Xolden %ge Pughal standards supremely extravagant and cost twice as much as the construction of the Ta$ Pahal. E'FEMF The appearance of the throne was in stark contrast to the older throne of ahangir B a large rectangular slab of engraved black  basalt constructed in the early &CWWsB used by the father  of Lhah ahan.

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safdarjung second nawab of awadh mughal dynasty india early /th century The Nawab of (wadh or Nawab of #udh was the title of rulers who governed the state of  Uudh (%wadh) in India in the &Dth and &Gth century. The Aawabs of Uudh belonged to a dynasty of  ersian  origin from  Aishapur .E&FE'FEMF In &J'KB Aawab La\adat Qhan  established Uudh Ltate. %s the Poghul power declined and the emperors lost their paramountcy and they became first the puppets and then the prisoners of their feudatoriesB so %wadh grew stronger and more independent. Its capital city was aizabad. Uf all the Puslim states and dependencies of the Pughal empireB %wadh had the newest royal family. They were descended from a ersian adventurer called La\adat QhanB originally from the city of Aishapur .EKF There were many Qhurasanis in the service of the PughalsB mostly soldiersB and if successfulB they could hope for rich rewards. Nurhan ul Pulk La\adat Qhan proved to be amongst the most successful of this group. In &JM'B he was made governor of the province of %wadh. Ois original title was  AazimB which means Xovernor B but soon he was made  Aawab. In &JKWB the Aawab was called !azir or  vizier B which means Yhief Pinister B and thereafter he was known as the Aawab !azir. In practiceB from La\adat Qhan onwardsB the titles had been hereditaryB though in theory they were in the gift of the Pughal emperorB to whom allegiance was paid. % nazarB or token tributeB was sent each year to  RelhiB  and members of the imperial family were treated with great deference2 two of them actually lived in  ucknow after &D&GB and were treated with great courtesy. Lafdar$ung was born as  uhammad u&im in QhorasanB ersia and migrated to India in &J''. In &JMG he succeeded his father3in3law and paternal Eci#a#ion needed F uncleB the Nurhan ul Pulk  Laadat %li Qhan I to the throne of UudhB apparently by paying  Aadir Lhah twenty million rupees. The Pughal _mperor Puhammad Lhah gave him the title of ]Lafdar$ung].E'F Lafdar$ung was an able administrator. Oe was not only effective in keeping control of  UudhB but also managed to render valuable assistance to the weakened Puhammad Lhah. Oe was soon given governorship of Qashmir as wellB and became a central figure at the Relhi court. Ruring the later years of Puhammad LhahB he gained complete control of  administration in the Pughal _mpire. !hen %hmad Lhah Nahadur  ascended the throne at Relhi in &JKDB Lafdar$ung became his 'a(ir ul-amalik-i-Hindus#an or Yhief Pinister of  Oindustan. Oe was also made the governor of %$mer  and became the ]au$dar ] of Aarnaul. OoweverB court politics eventually overtook him and he was dismissed in &JM. E'F Oe returned to Uudh in Recember &JMB and made aizabad military head#uarter. Oe died in Uctober &J at the age of KC years in Lultanpur  near aizabad

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0amar1ud1din -han" (sif 2ah 3 4ir 0amar1ud1din -han Siddiqi ('W %ugust &CJ& H & une &JKD) was a

Pughal and Turkic nobleman the founder of the %saf ahi dynasty. Oe established the Oyderabad stateB and ruled it from &J'K to &JKD. Oe is also known by his titles 5hin 0ilich -han (awarded  by %urangzeb in &CGWHG&E&F)B Ni6am1ul14ul+  (awarded by arrukhsiyar  in &J&ME'F) and (saf 2ah (awarded by Puhammad Lhah in &J'

Siraj ud1*aulah 4ir6a 4uhammad Siraj ud1*aulah  (Zrdu:

B Nengali:     মহদ  সরউল )B more commonly known as Sira) ud-*aulah  (&JMM H uly  নবব  মর  'B &JJ)B was the last independent Aawab of Nengal. The end of his reign marked the start of Nritish _ast India Yompany rule over Nengal and later almost all of Louth %sia. Lira$ succeeded his maternal grandfatherB %livardi Qhan as the Aawab of Nengal in %pril &JC at the age of 'M. Netrayed by Pir afar B then commander of Aawab\s armyB Lira$ lost the Nattle of lassey on 'M une &JJ. The forces of the _ast India Yompany under Vobert Ylive triumphed and the administration of Nengal fell into the hands of the Yompany.

(livardi -han %livardi Qhan\s father was Lhah ^uli Qhan (Pirza Puhammad Padani) and his mother was the daughter of Aawab %#il Qhan %fshar (Pir Puhammad %skari). %livardi\s birth name was ir(a uhammad Ali . Oe was a Puslim. Ois father was an %rab and an employee of %zam LhahB the son of Pughal _mperor %urangzeb. %zam Lhah also employed the sons of Pirza Puhammad. Nut after the death of %zam LhahB the family fell into poverty. Ois two sons Puhammad %li and Pirza %hmed managed to find employment under the Subahdar  (rovincial governor) of UrissaB Lhu$a3ud3Rin Puhammad Qhan. %fter  Lhu$a3ud3Rin was promoted to the post of the Aawab of NengalB the two brothers\ future  prospects widened

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4ir 0amar1ud1din -han Siddiqi

4ir6a 4uhammad Siraj ud1*aulah

alivardi +han

4aharana Sangram Singh The desert land of Pewar has produced abundant warriors and their heroic legends. The fables of bravery are infused in this desert soilB every time a son of Pewar is born with his own tale to tell. %nd amongst the numerous was the mighty Paharana Langram Lingh or as the Va$puts gloriously call him Vana Langa2 the king whose demise marked the beginning of Pughal rule and changed the course of Indian history forever.

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Vana Langa succeeded Pewar after the death of his father Vaimal and his two brothers. The crisis of succession led Paharana Langram Lingh to the throneB bringing forth another mighty warrior son of Pewar who fought for his kingdom till the last drop of his blood.

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