Thesis Socialmedia

UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES – LOS

THE IMPACT OF SOCIAL MEDIA ON INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION OF THE STUDENTS: STU DENTS: FACEBOOK FACEBOOK AS A MODEL

A Thesis Project Submitted to the Faculty of the College of Development Communication University of the Philippines – os !a"os

#n Partial Fulfillment of the $e%uirements of the Degree !achelor of Science in Development Communication

CHARLE DAVID BAUTISTA

&une '()*

College of Development Commn!"#t!on

COLLEGE OF DEVELOPMENT COMMUNICATION )


A P P R O V AL AL S H E E T

THE IMPACT OF SOCIAL MEDIA ON INTE INTERP RPER ERSO SONA NAL L COMM COMMUN UNIC ICA ATION ION OF TH THE E ST STUD UDEN ENTS TS:: FACEBOO CEBOOK K AS A MODEL MODEL prepared and submitted by CHARLE DAV DAVID This

thesis

entitled

BAUT BAUTIS IST TA has has been been revie revie+e +ed d and and recom recomme mend nded ed as part partia iall fulf fulfil illm lment ent of the the re%uirements for the degree of !achelor of Science in Development Communication, NAME Research Adviser

Accepted and approved by the panel of e-aminers follo+ing a successful .ral Defense on /Date0 +ith a grade of 1111111111,

NAME $ Panelist

NAME % Panelist NAME ( Panelist/Technical Panelist/Technical Adviser

NAME & Chairperson

Accepte Accepted d and approv approved ed in partia partiall fulfil fulfillme lment nt of the re%uireme re%uirements nts for the degree degree of !achelor of Science in Development Communication,

NAME ' Executive Dean Date2 1111111111

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A P P R O V AL AL S H E E T

THE IMPACT OF SOCIAL MEDIA ON INTE INTERP RPER ERSO SONA NAL L COMM COMMUN UNIC ICA ATION ION OF TH THE E ST STUD UDEN ENTS TS:: FACEBOO CEBOOK K AS A MODEL MODEL prepared and submitted by CHARLE DAV DAVID This

thesis

entitled

BAUT BAUTIS IST TA has has been been revie revie+e +ed d and and recom recomme mend nded ed as part partia iall fulf fulfil illm lment ent of the the re%uirements for the degree of !achelor of Science in Development Communication, NAME Research Adviser

Accepted and approved by the panel of e-aminers follo+ing a successful .ral Defense on /Date0 +ith a grade of 1111111111,

NAME $ Panelist

NAME % Panelist NAME ( Panelist/Technical Panelist/Technical Adviser

NAME & Chairperson

Accepte Accepted d and approv approved ed in partia partiall fulfil fulfillme lment nt of the re%uireme re%uirements nts for the degree degree of !achelor of Science in Development Communication,

NAME ' Executive Dean Date2 1111111111

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ACKNO)LED*MENT

This research study +ould not have been possible +ithout the support of many people,

Firstly3 Firstly3 the researcher +ould li4e to e-press their sincere gratitude to their

research adviser 5A67 +ho +as abundantly helpful and offered great assistance support and guidance,

!esides the research adviser3 he +ould li4e to than4 their thesis advisor for his patience3 motivation3 and immense 4no+ledge, 4n o+ledge, 8is guidance guidan ce helped the researcher in the succession of this study,

The resear researcher cher +ishes +ishes to e-press e-press their love and gratit gratitude ude to his family family and friends9 for supporting and motivating them in doing their study,

Speci Special al than than4s 4s also also to all all his his clas classm smat ates es for for shar sharin ing g thei theirr 4no+l 4no+ledg edgee and and incalculable assistance, The researcher +ould also li4e to convey than4s to the C.DC faculty as +ell as the UP! for providing the materials and instructions needed for this study, And above all3 the researchers +ould li4e to give their sincerest and +armest appreciation to the ord the Savior3 A6#:8T; :.D3 +ho is the source of their strength3 4no+ledge and s4ills3 +ho al+ays hear the ir prayers3 guides their path and never leaves their side throughout their journey in life,

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CHARLE DAVID BAUTISTA

College of Development Commn!"#t!on !achelor of Science in Development Communication

A+,t-#"t

THE IMPACT OF SOCIAL MEDIA ON INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION OF THE STUDENTS: FACEBOOK AS A MODEL

Charle David !autista

The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of the social media on the interpersonal communication of the students +ithin Para"a%ue City, To achieve the objective of the study3 the researcher +ill use the descriptive and analytical method to analy=e the data of the study, The study sample +ill consists of )(( students,

Keywords: Social 6edia Sites3 #nterpersonal Communication

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TABLE OF CONTENTS P#ge

T#T7 PA:7?????????????????????????, ?,,) APP$.@A S877T??????????????????????,,,,,,,, ' AC5.B7D:675T,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,< A!ST$ACT,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,> TA!7 .F C.5T75TS????????????????????,,,,?,,, #5T$.DUCT#.5,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,* !ac4ground of the Study??????????????????,, ? Statement of the Problem,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,E .bjectives of the Study????,,???????????????,,,)( Significance of the Study,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,)) Conceptual Frame+or4????????????????????,)' Scope and imitation of the Study,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,)< #T7$ATU$7 $7@#7B ???????,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,) Social 6edia????????????????????????,,) Theoretical Frame+or4?,???????????????????' Summary?????????????????????????,,, '* 67T8.D..:;?,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,' $esearch Design,,,???????????????????,,,,,,,,,,,,,' Population???????,,,?????????????????,,' Sample and Sampling Procedure,,???????????????? ' Data Collection Procedure???,,???????????????,,,'E $esearch #nstrument,,?,,,,,?????????????????,,?,<( Data Analysis????????????????????????<(

$7F7$75C7S,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, <)

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CHAPTER I THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTIN*S

Int-o."t!on

Since everything is updated on the #nternet or Social 5et+or4 for almost t+entyG four hours a day3 therefore3 the users may feel the pressure to be online all the time to be part of the mainstream or the social norms, This is the case of ristin G a typical girl +hose age is )< +ould go home after school3 get her iPad and chec4 her Faceboo4 and #nstagram for updates, Chat her friends online using her 6essenger +hile listening to music using Spotify, At home3 sheHs spending a lot of hours online3 +hile having minimal conversation that lessens her interpersonal relationship +ith her family, According to the study of AlGhaddam /'()<03 the interpersonal communication is one of the most important types of communication that are held bet+een the sender and receiver +ith a faceGtoGface meeting such as2 lectures3 intervie+s3 and seminars, #n addition3 the interpersonal communication is regarded as the most fre%uent type of the significant and influential contact because it moves in t+o directions from the sender to the receiver and vice versa, #t has an instantaneous response, #t is also regarded by the presence of the human senses, #t is a necessary and essential process to strengthen the human relations bet+een people3 individuals3 groups3 institutions and peoples3 ta4ing into account that no nation can live +ithout it +ith no regard to information technology

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/p,)0, The scenario given above3 ristin is not the only one +ho eventually decrease her interpersonal relationship +ith others but most of the teenagers or the youth generation suffers this scenario, .ver the last years3 the arising and %uic4 development of social media has been identified of its entry into conventional society and its integration into the daily lives of many people, Almost every part of the globe becomes a single electronic village as a result to the Borld Bide Beb3 +hich successfully contributed +ith the communication bet+een people of different societies, 6oreover3 it is obvious that the community group that uses the social media sites more than others is the youth, That +ould be attributed to their nationality3 beliefs and interests in life3 habits3 political3 and entertaining purposes among others, 5onetheless3 it seems prominent that the e-tensive use of the social net+or4s by these young people diminishes their personal interaction +ith other members of the community /Abu Ar%oub3 '())0,

B#"/g-on. of t0e St.1

#n our daily lives3 the #nternet ta4es a greater role in our everyday living3 and that role is only increasing over time, Upcoming generations +ill never 4no+ a +orld +ithout computers3 #nternet3 and online interaction, .ver the last decade3 technological developments have made all sectors of the population across the globe, The generation of today +as e-emplified by youth staying connected through faceGtoGface interaction or the use of the mobile phones /8induja I Patchin3 '((0,

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As defined by aplan and 8aenlein /'()(03 JSocial media sites are applications that enable users to connect +ith each other by creating personal information profiles3 inviting friends and colleagues to have access to those profiles and sending emails and instant messages bet+een each other,K These profiles contained information li4e photos3 videos3 and personal blogs, Social media sites are platforms +here user can ma4e a +ebpage +ith personal information to intermingle +ith friends both realistically and virtually +hich allo+s them meet the people that have the same interests /uss I :riffiths3 '())0, !ecause of the modernism of social media sites3 the communication method has changed from face to face communication to computer3 tablet or smart phone mediated communication, The ne+ communication method incessantly impacts interpersonal communication of people around the +orld, Scholars have verified that people +ho spend great amount of time on the #nternet +ould spend less time tal4ing to others in any methods /Turnbull3 '()(0 +hich can lead to seclusion and isolation,

Current studies have confirmed that communication technology is increasing e-ponentially +ith each generation and is becoming a mainstay +ithin our society /6ishna et al,3 '((E0, 6oreover3 adolescents use the #nternet much more often than children3 but the age of first #nternet use is rapidly descending, #n fact3 even young children are online and there are numerous social net+or4ing sites that cater to this population /:iffords3 '((E0, #n our country3 an online article from $appler3 stated that Jthe Philippines has one of the highest penetrations in social media3 preceding Australia and #ndonesia, Further3 in '())Ls '>M Ball St report3 +e ran4ed first in NThe Ten 5ations Bhere Faceboo4 $ules

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the #nternet,H A report of A:! 5ielsen Philippines in '()) sho+ed that more than (O of the households have highGspeed #nternet connection and around '>O are using their mobile devices to access onlineK/ http2MM+++,rappler,comMbulletinGboardM'<'(GsocialG mediaGinfluenceGphilippines0,

Due to their nature of allo+ing people to share common interests3 photos and lin4ing up ac%uaintances3 people are spending many hours on the social media sites, The most affected group is the youth sector, This research e-amines into the impact of the social media sites on interpersonal relationships among the youth, The terms youth3 teenagers3 and students +ill be used interchangeably throughout the study, The sample +ill be situated from Para"a%ue city3 particularly in the areas of !rgy, Sto, 5i"o and a 8uerta3 +ho are aged bet+een )
T0eo-et!"#l F-#me2o-/ G U,e, #n. *-#t!f!"#t!on T0eo-1

#n order to understand the motivation and the purpose of Social 5et+or4ing usage3 Uses and :ratifications theory /U:T0 /Tro+bridge3 )E*0 +as being e-amined, This theory stands on the audienceHs point of vie+3 based on these basic theatrical and methodological assumptions2 ), The audience is active and goal oriented3 ta4ing the proactive role in deciding ho+ to use media in their lives, ', The audience 4no+s their needs and is choosing the media to meet their o+n needs by lin4ing their need to specific medium, <, The media is competing +ith other resources for need of satisfaction,

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>, The audience is +ellGa+are of their usage3 interests and value judgments,

The Four basic needs of U:T2 #nformation3 7ntertainment3 Personal #dentity3 and Personal $elationship and Social #nteraction, Social media sites li4e Faceboo43 serves all four the gratifications, #t is +here users sociali=e3 finding friends and connecting +ith loved ones from afar, Unli4e the old +ebGsurfing3 users can no+ e-press themselves on their personal status and receive online responses /li4es and comments0 from their group of friends /Barat aruchit3 '()<0,

Uses and gratification theory is an essential theory in todayHs mass communication research, To recogni=e +hy and ho+ people 4eenly see4 out specific media is an approach by uses and gratification theory, Particularly this research see4s to find the impact of social media sites on the teenagersH social interaction, The theory +ill be beneficial because it +ill help understand +hy students spend hours on social media sites3 +hat gratification do they loo4 for and +hether that gratification is achieved, The theory +ill guide us to understand +hat effects a gratification achieved have on the user of the media, Par4 et al, /'((E0 found Jthe major uses and gratification factors of social media sites users to be2 sociali=ing3 entertainment3 selfGstatus see4ing3 and information,K Another study by a$ose and 7astin /'((>0 stated Jsimilar factors li4e the need for informationGsee4ing3 entertainment3 and social needs to be the most prevalent,K

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St#tement of t0e P-o+lem

The problem of the study is determined in that the social net+or4ing sites have positive and negative effects, This study3 therefore3 is interested in determining +hether JFaceboo4K as a social net+or4ing site has a positive or negative impact on the interaction of students University College irbid girls +ith friends and others,

O+3e"t!ve, of t0e St.1

The objectives of this study are to2 ), To investigate the social and economic characteristic of the study sample ', To e-amine the impact of the use of Faceboo4 on the interpersonal communication of students +ithin the schools of Para"a%ue City, <, To determine the e-istence of statistically significant differences to the effects of Faceboo4 on the interpersonal communication +ith other members of society due to the variables of monthly household income3 college and school level3 and place of residence,

Re,e#-"0 H1pot0e,!,

A, There is statistically significant effect of the use of Faceboo4 and interpersonal communication +ith others !, There are no statistically significant effects bet+een the number of hours of using Faceboo4 and interpersonal communication +ith others,

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C, There are no statistically significant effects bet+een the study variables monthly income3 college and school level3 place of residence of the Faceboo4 users and interpersonal communication +ith others,

S!gn!f!"#n"e of t0e St.1

The study loo4s at the impact of social media sites on interpersonal relationships among teenagers3 its findings +ill be relevant because they +ill inform parents3 teachers3 students and all the relevant sta4e holders on the impact of social media sites on the interpersonal relations among the youth,

*!.#n"e Con,elo-, , This study +ill help the guidance counselors to be a+are of the

influences of social media sites to the students enrolled in their school, !y informing them of this matter3 they +ill be able to relate more +ith students and to give accurate advices to students that have problems involving social media sites,

S"0ool A.m!n!,t-#to-, , This study +ill help the school administrators3 li4e the guidance

counselors3 to be a+are of the influences of social media sites to their students, Bith enough information about social media sites and their influence to the students3 school administrators can help in solving problems of the students regarding this topic and give advices that are appropriate to the situation +hen social media sites affects the interpersonal relationship of students,

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St.ent, , The result of this study +ill ma4e the students +ho in this study are being

referred to as teenagers3 to be a+are of ho+ social media sites influence their interpersonal relations, #t +ill also help their teachers by suggesting some +ays in order for them to relate +ith studentNs social activities especially +ith regards of using social media sites,

Te#"0e-, , This study can help the teachers by suggesting some +ays in order for them to

relate +ith studentHs social activities especially +ith regards of using social media sites, #n line +ith this3 teachers3 as studentHs second parents3 +ill 4no+ a +ay to help the students if they +ill be encountering a problem regarding the relationship of their students +ith other people,

P#-ent,, This study +ill help parents to understand their childHs purpose of using social

media sites and for them to be a+are of the influence from social net+or4ing sites that might affect their children, Bith enough 4no+ledge3 parents can thin4 of possible preventive +ays if their child is prone to develop a +ea4 interpersonal relationship +ith other people because of too much usage and dependence from social net+or4ing sites,

Ft-e Re,e#-"0e-,, This study can help the further studies of future researchers

regarding the influence of social net+or4ing sites on the interpersonal relationship

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of students, This can serve as a reference for further improvements to be done in their study,

S"ope #n. Del!m!t#t!on

The study presents a model of J;outh .nline2 The #mpact of Social 6edia Sites on #nterpersonal $elationshipsK using the mi-ed method approach, This approach +ill be discussed e-tensively in Chapter <3 on the studyHs research methodology, This study is only limited to and +ithin the reach of all those in the sample population +ho have access to the internet, #t +ill also only cover teenagers3 located in !rgy, Sto, 5i"o and a 8uerta because most of these youths are from urban areas and they are familiar +ith social media sites, The time frame for ;.T#.S6S.#$ is from April to 6ay '()* covering the data gathering period and &une '()* for processes and analysis3 +riting up for the report and final thesis, Thus3 any or all developments that occurred thereafter are deemed e-cluded, These developments may contain situations in the microfinance and other future trends that may influence the findings3 observations and recommendations of the study,

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C0#pte- % REVIE) OF RELATED LITERATURE The revie+ of literature +ill be covering a multitude of areas in relation to the impact of social media sites on interpersonal relationship among the youth, The areas that +ill be discussed for the impact of social media sites2 the youth and social media sites3 social media as social capital3 online communication and interpersonal relationships3 and the situation of Filipino youth online, 5e-t3 theoretical frame+or4 and summary +ould be discussed in this chapter,

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T0e 4ot0 #n. So"!#l Me.!# S!te,

Technology is changing the +ay that people interact and communicate, 5e+ technologies are providing more +ays to communicate +ith others and especially among the youth, The birth of social media sites contribute to a lot of changes among the lives of our youth especially to their relationships, Social media sites according to uss and :riffiths / '())03

it is a

virtual

communities +hich mainly focus on Nuser relationshipsH the members of this communities create profile pages of themselves +hich have information about one self3 their bac4grounds and any vital information that may lead one to recogni=e another in these virtual communities, They add friends3 meet their friends and communicate in various +ays3 such as public messaging3 private messaging and instant messaging, Popular e-amples include Faceboo43 T+itter3 Snapchat and in4edln, Social media sites help people to feel socially connected and part of a community3 Neven though they may be sitting home alone at their computer or +ith their mobile phones, Participants connect +ith other people they 4no+ through school3 +or43 or an organi=ation9 they also meet complete strangers from all over the +orldH /:iffolds3 '((E0,

Some researchers contend that these technologies are just a ne+ +ay of connecting for youths to use and that their nature of relationships and %uality of communication remain the same as +ith other forms of communication3 since they go into the online environment as just another place to interact +ith already e-isting friends

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/Shim3 '((03 %uestions are still happening on the impact of these ne+ technologies on the traditional modes of communication, The conse%uences of online communication especially through social media sites on interpersonal relationships among the youth and as this study aims to find out3 among teenagers,

!oyd /'((0 states that social media today has had the abilities to ma4e 4no+n to larger audiences NageGold concerns and routines of journey in +ays that yesterdayHs communications media did notH, Bhat +as considered as private is no+ open to public3 citi=ens especially the youth are e-changing photos information of +hatever 4ind about themselves or others for others to see and comment, Social media sites have today changed the +ay of human communications, They have become the source of transformation in different fields3 enhanced traditional social interactions and even discussion

of common

interests9 they

have

moderni=ed

peopleHs

interaction3

communication3 and even the +ay of thin4ing /AlGhaddam3 '()<0,

As social media becomes a ubi%uitous part of teenage life3 social media sites have become essential gathering spaces for teenagers to develop ne+ media literacy s4ills /!oyd and 7llison3 '((0, @ariety of s4ills become crucial in net+or4ed spaces such as the ability to2 +or4 together +ith others3 assume changing identities as one navigates through different communities3 or discover ne+ 4no+ledge domains +hen one has entrance to immense repositories of information, 6oreover3 the researchers have found that teenagers discover creative +ays to ac%uire access to ne+ technologies3 participate in various online communities that help

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them learn ne+ s4ills3 and delve into deep learning on topics that are personally interesting to them /#to , et al5 , '()(0, An e-ample +herein a typical teenager +ould go to the site of ;outube and +atch videos that +ould satisfy hisMher interests, Teenagers also utili=e social net+or4 sites to provide social support to peers3 share creative +or43 and net+or4 +ith others, Participating in communities such as Faceboo4 or T+itter offers ne+ venues through +hich individuals learn these ne+ media s4ills, Systematic differences in access to these online communities may thus reflect opportunities3 or lac4 thereof3

for

particular

youth

populations

to

encourage

these

literacy

s4ills

/Subrahmanyam and :reenfield3 '((0, 6any of the popular %uestions surrounding youths and social media sites tend to as4 +hat effects these technologies have on outcomes such as academic achievement or the development of social relationships /Ahn3 '())a0, According to 7llison3 et al .3 '((9 .3 '(( social media sites assist young people in developing better @alen=uela3 et al

relationships3 or social capital3 +ith their net+or4, Therefore3 social media tools may also facilitate negative and dangerous interactions for young people such as infringements of privacy and cyber bullying /Palfrey3 et al .3 '((E0, #n the starting years of personal computers and #nternet access3 +ebsites +ere used primarily for information gathering and research3 today as +e all 4no+3 the internet is no+ the centre of communication3 as +ell as being their prime source of entertainment /Ale-ander I Salas3 '((0 especially to teenagers, These social media sites have changed the +ay the adolescents /students0 interact and gather information /$aac4e I $aac4e3 '((0, !oyd /'()'0 highlighted ho+ the adoption of social media sites for teenagers +as very far from random, Teenagers use

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social media sites in various +ays9 they disclose personal information about their identities and tastes on their profiles /ivingstone3 '((0, Teenagers also add or reject friend re%uests from their peers3 navigating the complicated +eb of friendship practices /#to et al,3 '((E0,The interactions and feedbac4 that oneHs net+or4 provides in social media sites Nthrough +all posts and commentsH sho+ ho+ difficult social identity and peer influence processes occur in these online communities /Subrahmanyam3 $eich3Baechter3 I 7spino=a3 '((9 Balther et al,3 '((3 '((E0,

So"!#l Net2o-/!ng S!te, #n. So"!#l C#p!t#l

#ndividuals develop relationships in both online and offline settings3 and increasingly the boundaries bet+een these t+o spaces are blurred /ie '((9 '((0, .ne platGform that blurs these spaces is the social media sites, $esearch suggests that these platforms may help users cultivate social capital in both online and offline relationships /Donath and boyd '((>9 7llison3 Steinfield3 and ampe '((0, :iven that social media sites allo+ individuals to create larger social net+or4s than they could offline3 it seems logical that using social media sites could help adolescents build social capital /6oreno and olb '()'0, A study in '(( found that increased Faceboo4 use positively correlated +ith bridging and bonding social capital in college students, 6oreno and olb '()' add that3 there are several hypothesi=ed +ays in +hich online social net+or4s could bring benefit to adolescents, For instance3 social media sites allo+ adolescents to access health information that they may be too uncomfortable to as4 a paediatrician about3 and they also allo+ adolescents +ith a

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chronic disease to join online support groups to help them deal +ith ne+ diagnose or share stories +ith others +ho understand their situation in life, Additionally3 social media sites give adolescents the benefit of being able to start and maintain relationGships despite physical distance, The activities seen in social media sites communities can be vie+ed as social grooming /Tufe4ci '((0, #n offline settings3 people groom their relationships through behaviours such as small tal4 and participation in social life, Social net+or4 sites facilitate relationship development and thus offer a natural lin4 to social capital, $esearcher have consistently found that using social net+or4 sites is related to higher social capital /!ur4e3 raut3 and 6arlo+'())9 7llison3 Steinfield3 and ampe '((9 @alen=uela3Par43 and ee '((E0, 7llison3Steinfield3 and ampe/'((0 surveyed a sample of college students and found that their intensity of Faceboo4 use is positively related to both bridging and bonding relationships, #n a similar study done by Farrugia /'()<03 Faceboo4 provides the platform for individuals +ho may struggle in a faceGtoG face setting, Developing a relationship in a nonGfacetoG face environment allo+s people to still e-perience the progression of a relationship in a different +ay, !y observing ho+ social media affects levels of selfGdisclosure3 it is apparent that the more a person shares3 the more others +ill share3 enhancing the relationship cycle, #n summary3 it is important to reali=e ho+ Faceboo4 has partially moderni=ed the +ay people communicate and form relationships /p, <*0,

!oyd /'((0 found J7arly research on youths and social media sites propose that teenagers mainly use social media sites to interact +ith 4no+n friends,K .n the other

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hand3 +hile teenagers might communicate mostly +ith 4no+n friends in social media3 they are also e-posed to the larger +orld through their interactions /Ahn3 '()'0, As members share lin4s3 ideas3 and media3 they are connected to a +ide collection of information, As previous scholars have hypothesi=ed /Donath and !oyd '((>9 Billiams '((*03 it is li4ely that teenagersH use of social media sites helps them feel connected to the broader +orld beyond their school and home, Such relationships are related to the concept of bridging social capital,

Onl!ne Commn!"#t!on #n. Inte-pe-,on#l Rel#t!on,0!p,

Communication is one of the fundamental needs of our lives, Be communicate to fulfil our needs2 physical3 identity3 and social +ellGbeing, Those +ho fail to communicate report negative life satisfaction3 early death3 lac4 of identity and lo+ relationship development /Turnbull3 '()(0, ChasombatHs /'()0 found the follo+ing2 #nterpersonal Communication means using both verbal and nonverbal messages to e-change meaning and emotions /mostly in face to face communication0 bet+een t+o or more parties, #nterpersonal communication is not only +hat is being said but ho+ it is said using tone of voice3 facial e-pressions3 gestures and body language in +hich it can be learned and improved, People receive messages through such forms of nonverbal behaviour by observing cues of posture3 facial e-pression3 and dress to form an impression of the otherLs role3 emotional state3 personality andMor intentions, Sender and receiver have to interact +ith each other3 sending bac4 and forth both verbal and nonverbal messages in order to understand each other, For instance3 +hile one is listening3 he or she ma y be sending out responses using nonverbal cues by smiling or n odding, !y that3 the sender /Spea4er0 +ill perceive that the receiver /listener0 has agreed o r understand the

COLLEGE OF DEVELOPMENT COMMUNICATION ')


intended message, Bhen the message being sent and understood by both parties +ill considered as a successful communication /p,*G0,

#nterpersonal communication is believed to be the most essential use of the internet sites3 /Cummings3 !utler I raut3 '(('0, #t has been accepted that the #nternet is the most modern in terms of an advancement of technological brea4throughs in interpersonal communication3 follo+ing the telegraph3 telephone3 radio3 and television, #t combines pioneering features of its ancestors3 such as bridging great distances and reaching a mass audience, #n current years3 much of the communication that transpired faceGtoGface has moved to computerGmediated communication, ComputerGmediated communication has had and continues to have an effect on all people around the entire nations especially teenagers +ho mostly use social media sites to communicate3 and its effects on interpersonal communication have many benefits as +ell as many do+nsides, Some scholars have argued that #nternet communication had +ea4ened the form of social e-change compared to traditional faceGtoGface interactions3 and +ill conse%uently produce negative outcomes /loneliness and depression0 for its users as +ell as decline neighbourhood and community ties, 6edia reporting of the effects of #nternet use over the years has consistently emphasi=ed this negative belief /6cenna I !argh '(((0 to the point that3 as a result3 a significant minority of /mainly older0 adults rejects to use the #nternet at all /8afner '((<0, #n contrast3 others feel that3 ComputerGmediated communication has improved interpersonal communication by ma4ing it easier, Since faceGtoGface communication is not al+ays realistic3 using the #nternet helps connect those +ho are not able to physically, ComputerGmediated communication has also improved the levels of selfGdisclosure3 +ith

COLLEGE OF DEVELOPMENT COMMUNICATION ''


many people saying things through the #nternet that they +ouldnHt normally say in person /Adler3 et al, '()(03 especially among teenagers, .thers believe that the #nternet allo+s latest and different avenues of social interaction that enable groups and relationships to form that other+ise +ould not be able to3 thereby intensifying and enhancing social connectivity,

Effects of Social Media Sites on Interpersonal Relationships aon! Teena!ers A teenage year is a stage that is related +ith a strong need for friendships and peerGgroup connections along +ith the need for personGtoGperson communication /ee I Sun3 '((E0, The varying dynamics of communication +ithin the adolescent population especially those in their teenage years3 have important implications on their social relationships and communication in real life, Social media sites act as a mediator bet+een real and virtual communication3 leading directly to the individualNs virtual interpersonal relationship /in3 Sun3 ee3 I Bu3 '((0, According to 6i4ami et al, /'()(03 the presence of higher positivity and lo+er negativity in a peer interaction in early adolescence each predict a greater number of friends on their social net+or4s, #n a +ay that most of the teenagers +ould 4eep them logged into their social media sites to chat +ith the increasing number of friends they have online3 impacting in one +ay or another on their interpersonal relationships both offline and online, Bith peerGbased connectedness3 being so imperative to teenage adolescents3 their interactions +ith others boost their sense of belonging and help them understand their individual self and others /!oneva3 Quinn3 raut3 ieler3 I Sh4lovs4i3 '((*0,This e-plains the long hours they spend logged in their social media sites +orld+ide3

COLLEGE OF DEVELOPMENT COMMUNICATION '<


adolescent lives have become so busy and full of activities that their time to interact +ith friends is becoming more limited /ee I Sun3 '((E03 they adapt these ne+ technologies to continue improving and sustaining their relationships, Social media sites have in fact helped the teens to be more connected to their social groups and maintain relations as they also e-pand their net+or4 of friends, !y staying associated to their social groups3 they are defining their selfGidentity /maintaining individual friendships0 and their socialG identity /belonging to peer groups0 /ee I Sun3 '((E0, According to Asilo et al, /'()(03 students develop t+o possible types of interpersonal relations that is stronger interpersonal relationship +ith their friends3 teachers3 and parents, They are al+ays updated +ith the status of their close friends3 teachers3 or even their parents that are in the friends list of the social net+or4ing sites, #t is easier for them to 4no+ +hen +ill be the birthdays of their friends and so they get in touch +ith them3 even if they are apart +ith less time and effort, Asilo '()' also adds that3 students3 also3 tend to develop +ea4er interpersonal relationships +ith their friends3 teachers3 and parents, This is due to too much dependency of students to the internet and computer as a medium of communication +ith their friends3 teachers3 and parents, Sometimes3 students can only tell +hat they +ant to other people +henever they are chatting3 or +hen they post comments on the +all of a personNs account or profile, #f they do this over and over again3 this develops into a habit and become used to it until the time comes that they only depend on the internet and computer on telling +hat they +ant, Through this3 a person canNt e-press hisMher emotions +ell and that results to an unhealthy relationship +ith other people,

COLLEGE OF DEVELOPMENT COMMUNICATION '>


F!l!p!no 4ot0 Onl!ne

Dr, :race Cru=3 the main author of the study on media use and youth lifestyle noted ho+ media consumption of young adults had shifted through the years, J;oung peopleHs consumption of traditional forms of mass media3 especially of ne+spapers3 has been lo+ and this declined further in '()<, This ho+ever3 does not necessarily mean that they read less, #t could be that they get their ne+s online no+,K #n additional3 in her study found out the follo+ing2 J#n '()<3 * in )( of young people in this age range are regular internet users3 more than half have social net+or4 and email account and  percent have mobile phones, .n average3 they spend * hours a +ee4 online3 some logging in as much as < hours of internet use, Females3 the younger youth and those from economically better off regions sho+ higher social media consumption than males3 older youth and those coming from poorer regions, This pattern of internet and information technology use translates on ho+ they build relationships, .ne in three young people for instance said that they have friends +hom they only met online3 +hile ' percent have friends +hom they met through te-t and have not seen personally /http2MM+++,drdf,org,phMyafs>MpressreleaseM('G(*G'()>M(0,

Smm#-1

COLLEGE OF DEVELOPMENT COMMUNICATION '


#t is our belief that technology is a crucial part of todayHs youth success e%uation3 as social media sites continue to gro+ in popularity, The use of social media sites and other mobile applications have been increasing e-haustively3 not to mention3 numerous researches implied that it is one of the factors that impact the relationship maintenance bet+een one another, #t is substantially enviable for all civilians to have a pleasant interpersonal communication to uphold and develop further relationships, Poor communication s4ills may have damaged the interpersonal relationships, .n the other hand3 +hen tal4ing about social media sites li4e Faceboo4 3 #nstagram or T+itter and +hat it does to the society3 people instantly thought of a smaller +orld or a communication platform +ith no limits, Bith several discussions on the effects of social media sites on the youths3 it is evident that these social media sites have an impact on interpersonal relationships among teenagers, These arguments form a basis for the above research topic, The researcher intends to add to the e-isting 4no+ledge on social media,

C0#pte- ( RESEARCH METHODLO*4

COLLEGE OF DEVELOPMENT COMMUNICATION '*


This chapter deals +ith the research methodology that the researcher used +hen carrying out her research, This includes the research designs3 description of the sample and sampling procedure3 research instruments3 and data analysis procedures,

Re,e#-"0 De,!gn

This study applies survey research in that the data +ere obtained by administering a %uestionnaire to the participants, 8o+ever3 since the data collected from the %uestionnaire is both %ualitative and %uantitative data3 this research study can be seen as a mi-ed research design, 6i-ed methods research is a methodology for conducting research

that

involves

collecting3

e-periments3 surveys0 and %ualitative

analy=ing /e,g,3

and

focus

integrating groups3

%uantitative /e,g,3

intervie+s0 research

/http2MMresourcecentre,foodrisc,orgMmi-edGmethodsGresearch1),html05 This approach to research is used +hen this integration provides a better understanding of the research problem than either of each alone.

Although most items on the %uestionnaire are %uantifiable3 si- %uestions are openG ended and it allo+s the participants to describe +hat they do, Therefore3 the si- items on the %uestionnaire is most related to %ualitative data in nature, #t can be used +hen collecting information about peopleNs attitudes3 opinions3 habits or any of the variety of education or social issues li4e use of social media sites,

COLLEGE OF DEVELOPMENT COMMUNICATION '


The researcher used to integrate the %ualitative approach in this study due to its significant advantages, The use of %ualitative data gathering method is advantageous as they are more open to changes and refinement of research ideas as the study progresses9 this implies that %ualitative data gathering tools are highly fle-ible, Aside from these advantages3 the researcher believes that %ualitative data are particularly pleasing as they provide rich and +ellGgrounded descriptions and e-planations as +ell as unforeseen findings for ne+ theory construction, .ne of the notable strengths of the %ualitative instruments is that they evo4e a more realistic feeling of the research setting +hich cannot be obtained from statistical analysis and numerical data utili=ed through %uantitative means, These data collection methods allo+ fle-ibility in conducting data gathering3 research analysis and interpretation of gathered information, #n addition3 %ualitative method allo+s the presentation of the phenomenon being investigated in a more holistic vie+,

Re,e#-"0 Popl#t!on

6uguenda /'((<0 found JPopulation refers to an entire group of individuals3 events or objects having a common observable characteristic,K The populations in this research are the youths located in !gy, Sto, 5i"o and a 8uerta of Para"a%ue City,

COLLEGE OF DEVELOPMENT COMMUNICATION '


S#mple #n. S#mpl!ng p-o"e.-e

To test the application acceptability3 the convenience sampling method +ill be applied, The convenience sampling /Calderon I :on=ales3 )EE<03 a general type of nonG probability sampling techni%ue +hich involved the process of selecting out people in the most convenient and fastest +ay to immediately get their reactions to a certain hot and controversial issue, The target population of the study is >( teenagers from !gy, Sto, 5i"o and a 8uerta, A sample si=e of '( teenagers per barangay +ill be sampled randomly from each form in the to+ areas, These areas +ill be preferred because they have a large number of teenagers from urban homes that are familiar +ith social media sites,

D#t# Colle"t!on P-o"e.-e

Data Collection is gathering specific information aimed at proving or refuting some facts, /ombo and Tromp '((*2EE0, The study +ill utili=ed both secondary and primary methods to collect data, #n secondary data collection3 the researcher used the available documents, #n primary data collection3 the researcher collected original data from the respondents though focus group discussions and %uestionnaires, A %uestionnaire is a research instrument that gathers data over a large sample /ombo and Tromp '((*2E0, The %uestionnaires +ill be used on the respondents because the information needed +ill be given in a simple manner, The %uestions are both structured and unstructured, Focus group discussions are a form of %ualitative research in +hich groups of

COLLEGE OF DEVELOPMENT COMMUNICATION 'E


people are as4ed about their perceptions3 opinions and attitudes to+ards a concept or idea, $esponses in a focus group are spo4en3 openGended3 relatively broad3 and %ualitative, They are also useful because one can observe nonverbal communications in group interactions,

Re,e#-"0 In,t-ment,

$esearch instruments are the items that the researcher uses to collect data, #n this study3 %uestionnaires and focus group discussions are the research instruments, Focus group discussions +ill give inGdepth information regarding the object of research that is not possible +ith %uic4 methods based on %uestionnaires, The researcher +ill facilitate the focus group discussions, Questionnaires +ill be preferred to other methods of data collection because of their ability to collect information of a large group in a short span of time3 and also because their objectivity, They are selfGadministered %uestionnaires,

D#t# An#l1,!,

The data collected from the field are both %ualitative and %uantitative but much of it +as %ualitative, The collected data +ill be analy=ed using SPSS /statistical pac4age for social sciences0, #t +ill be presented in pie charts3 bar charts and graphs,

COLLEGE OF DEVELOPMENT COMMUNICATION <(

UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES – LOS References

Abu Ar%oub3 #, /'())0, 8uman communication and its role in social interaction3 >th floor, Amman3 &ordan2 6ajdala+i Publishing and Distribution, Ahn3 & /'())0 7ffect of Social 5et+or4 Sites on AdolescentsN Social and Academic AlGhaddam3 8, /'()<0, #mpact of Social 5et+or4s on #tepersonal Communication of the Students, CrossGCultural Communication !oyd 6, /'((0, Bhy youth /heart0 social net+or4 sites2 The role of net-worked publics in teenage social life. In D. Buckingham (Ed.), Youth,identity, and digital media /pp, ))E– )>'0, The&ohn D, and Catherine T,6acArthur Foundation Series on Digital 6edia and earning, Cambridge36A2 6#T Press !oyd3 d,3 I 7llison3 5, /'((0, Social network sites: Definition, history, and scholarship. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 13, ')(G'<(. doi2)(,))))Mj,)(0, Social 5et+or4ing Sites on #nterpersonal Communication S4ill and $elationships, 7llison3 5, !,3 Steinfield3 C,3 I ampe3 C, /'((0, The benefits of Facebook "friends:" Social capital and college students' use of online social network sites. Journal of Computer- Mediated Communication3 12/>03 article ), 8induja3 S, I Patchin3 &, /'((0, Personal information of adolescents on the internet2 a %uantitative content analysis of myspace, "ournal of Adolescence3 #$/)03 )'G)>*, :iffords3 7, D, /'((E0, The internet and social +or42 the ne-t generation, Families inSociety2 The &ournal of Contemporary Social Services3 E(/>03 >)), #to3 6,3 !aumer3 S,3 !ittanti3 6,3 !oyd3 d,3 Cody3 $,3 I 8errGStephenson3 !,/'((E0, Hanging out, messing around, and geeking out: Kids living and learning with new media, Cambridge3 6A2 6#T Press aplan3 A, 6, I 8aenlein3 6, /'()(0, Users of the +orld3 uniteR the challenges and opportunities of social media, %usiness &ori'ons3 (#/)03 EG*, uss3 D, &, I :riffiths3 6, D, /'())0, .nline social net+or4ing and addiction GG a revie+ of the psychological literature, #nternational &ournal of 7nvironmental $esearch and Public 8ealth3 /E03 <'G<',

COLLEGE OF DEVELOPMENT COMMUNICATION <)


6ishna3 F,3 6cluc4ie3 A, I Saini3 6, /'((E0, $ealGBorld dangers in an online reality2 a %ualitative study e-amining online relationships and cyber abuse, Social )or* Research3 ##/'03 )(G)), $aac4e3 &,3 I !ondsG$aac4e3 &, /'((0, MySpace and Facebook: Applying the uses and gratifications theory to exploring friend-networking sites, CyberPsychology I !ehavior3 ))/'03 )*EG)>, $ambe P /'())0 Exploring the Impacts of Social Networking Sites on Academic Relations in the University, Journal of Information Technology Education Subrahmanyam3 ,3 I :reenfield3 P, /'((0, Online communication and adolescent relationships. The Future of Children3 )/)03 ))E–)>*, Steinfield3 C,3 7llison3 5, ampe3C and @ita4 & Online social network sites and the concept of social capital, Shim3 ;, S, /'((0, The impact of #nternet on teenagersH faceGtoGface communication, :lobal 6edia &ournal3 */)(0, Turnbull3 C, /'()(0, 6om just faceboo4ed me and dad 4no+s ho+ to te-t, The 7lon &ournal of Undergraduate $esearch in Communications3 )/Spring03 G)*, $etrieved from http2MM+++,elon,eduMdocsMe+ebM academicsMcommunicationsMresearchM()Turnbull7&Spring)(,pdf @alen=uela3 S,3 5, Par43 and , F, ee, '((E, Is there social capital in a social network site? Facebook use and college students’ life satisfaction, trust, and participation. Journal of Computer-MediatedCommunication)>/>02–E(),

.nline Articles http2MM+++,rappler,comMbulletinGboardM'<'(GsocialGmediaGinfluenceGphilippines http2MM+++,drdf,org,phMyafs>MpressreleaseM('G(*G'()>M( http2MMresourcecentre,foodrisc,orgMmi-edGmethodsGresearch1),html

COLLEGE OF DEVELOPMENT COMMUNICATION <'

Thesis Socialmedia

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