Malabon Zoo: It's Significance to the Enrichment of Tourism in Malabon City
by
Alysson B. Macaraeg
Norman Palmenco
A Thesis
Presented to the Faculty of College of Business
DE LA SALLE ARANETA UNIVERSITY
Victoneta Ave., Malabon City
In partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of
Bachelor of Science in Tourism Management
December 2015
APPROVAL SHEET
This thesis entitled,
Malabon Zoo: It's Significance in the Enrichment of tourism in Malabon City
by Alysson B. Macaraeg and Norman C. Palmenco in partial fulfillment of the
requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Science in Tourism Management
has been examined and is recommended for acceptance and approval of the
committee on Oral Examination.
Mr.Wilson Telig
Adviser
Approved by the committee on Pre-Oral Examination with a grade of
____________ on __________ 2015.
Chair
Member
Member
Accepted and approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the
degree of Bachelor of Science in Tourism Managemet.
Prof. Maria Teresa Bernabe
Dean, College of Business
CERTIFICATION OF ORIGINALITY
This is to certify that the research work presented in this thesis
entitled, Malabon Zoo: It's Significance in the Enrichment of tourism in
Malabon City prepared and submitted by Alysson B. Macaraeg and Norman C.
Palmenco to the College of Business, De La Salle Araneta University in
partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of
Science in Tourism Management. This study contains the original work of
the researchers except those data, information, and ideas that were taken
from other sources with proper referencing and acknowledgment.
Alysson B. Macaraeg
Researcher/Member
Norman C. Palmenco
Researcher/Member
Chapter 1
Problem and It's Background
A Zoo is a collection of wild animals in captivity and may include
'zoological gardens, biological parks, safari parks, public aquariums, bird
parks, reptile parks, insectariums, and other collections of wildlife
primarily for public exhibition, education, scientific, and conservation
purposes' (seaZa, 2002: 1). Some 1000 zoos and aquariums worldwide receive
more than 600 million visitors every year (WaZa, 2005). Visiting zoos is a
popular family-oriented leisure activity, usually involving a one-day visit
(ryan & saward, 2004; Turley, 2001) According to MyMalabon blog site the
Malabon Zoo first opened 21 years ago. On signboards posted on the
animals' cages, owner Manny Tangco says "The History of Malabon Zoo began
on a hunting trip in the tropical rainforest of Mindoro 41 years ago when I
was 5 years old". As indicated to the tourism site of Malabon it is
located at #1 Gov. Pascual Ave, Potrero, Malabon, Metro Manila there are
lots of tourist attractions here in Malabon like Asilo de Huertanos ,
Malabon Zoo and Aquarium , Pagoda-Caracol, Rizal Shrine, San Bartolome
Church but the primary attraction in the city is the Malabon Zoo and
Aquarium.
Since it is one of the attractions in Malabon City the proponent wanted to
know if Malabon Zoo gives contribution to the growth of tourism industry in
Malabon. It could be argued that it is simply a visitor attraction that has
a little economic impact to the community. From a Public Policy perspective
(whether we like it or not) , economic benefit justifies governments
support to tourism development, even if it consumes the natural
environment. If zoos do not bestow an economic benefit from tourism, their
case for existence becomes weaker. (Zoos and Tourism, Warwick Frost). The
importance of this study is to evaluate the contribution of Malabon Zoo in
the tourism industry of Malabon .This study is to fully understand how
Malabon Zoo can be significant attraction in Malabon. One of the problems
the proponent is thinking is about the existing tourist attractions nearby
the Malabon City specially the Malls because it could be a threat for the
Malabon Zoo to be ignored. The single most important challenge of modern
zoos is how to balance conservation goals with economic imperatives.
Traditional attractions like zoos, aquariums and museums in many countries
are facing strong competition from several leisure attraction (e.g.
amusement theme parks, computer games) that are emerging in recent years
(stevens, 2000)
It is an opportunity to have an intimate encounter with nature, from the
extinct to the endangered, and other kinds of animal they will gain
knowledge and at the same time enjoyment and entertainment. Zoo also helps
lots of animal specially the endangered species that's why we know that the
fee tourist are paying our very helpful to this animal for their shelter,
food, health and maintenance of their new home. The aim of our study is to
help Malabon Zoo to be known as a tourist attraction in Malabon to
contribute to the enrichment of tourism industry of the city. The proponent
also wanted to promote the Malabon Zoo as an educational tour to the nearby
school and help them realize not to go to the other Zoo that is far from
their place. Proponent also aims to know what other activity they can add
up to attract more tourists. Visitors, especially children which comprise
the majority of zoo guests (Hunter-Jones & Hayward, 1998; ryan & saward,
2004; Turley, 2001), can be further enthused by engaging them in more
interactive activities and interesting interpretive materials (Tribe,
2001).
Review of Related Literatures
This study presents a review on the related literature and studies from
sources which helped the researcher in scanning the research problem. It
also presented the synthesis.
A zoo is a collection of wild animals in captivity and may include
'zoological gardens, biological parks, safari parks, public aquariums, bird
parks, reptile parks, insectariums, and other collections of wildlife
primarily for public exhibition, education, scientific, and conservation
purposes' (seaZa, 2002: 1)
According to my malabon blogspot the Malabon Zoo was opened 21 years ago.
Manny Tangco a five years old child was on a hunting trip on tropical
rainforest in Mindoro, he saw animals like kalaw hornbills and whistling
duck being shot by hunters. also in the tropical rainforest he saw a red
vented cockatoos flying away in the forest because of the smoke cause by
forest burning. Also deer scampering away because of the tall trees felled
cause of illegal logging. At the age of five he knows the importance of
this animals and how this magnificent animals could continue to live. Mr.
Tangco brought the book of Noah's Ark and became to determined to build his
own Noah's Ark for us to have a time capsule when the time the forest
disappear and for the future generation. And that's how Malabon Zoo began.
Nowadays there are lots of tourist spot being developed here in the
Philippines. One of the reasons why tourist visits our country is because
we have lots of beautiful tourist attraction. There are different kinds of
tourist attraction like Museum, Parks, Malls, Themed Park, Beaches,
Resorts, Monuments, Historical attraction, Zoo and etc that catches the
heart of the tourist. According to a blog zoo are one of the most
attraction visited of all ages. Malabon is located at the northern part of
metro manila. Malabon Zoo is very accessible it is located at #1 Gov. W.
Pascual, Bgy. Potrero Malabon nearby the Mac Arthur Hi-way. Malabon is also
well known by its delicacies "Pancit Malabon". There are lots of tourist
attractions here in Malabon like Asilo de Huertanos , Malabon Zoo and
Aquarium , Pagoda-Caracol, Rizal Shrine, San Bartolome Church but the
primary attraction in the city is the Malabon Zoo and Aquarium. "It is a
well kept and unique conservatory of both endemic and exotic animals,
including a large variety of unusual fishes, stashed inside a one-hectare
tropical rainforest environment. An amusing destination for the old and the
young, it indulges its visitors with the distinct privilege to pet wild
animals that normally avoid human contact. The zoo is an accommodating
classroom for nature lovers as it educates people on the environmental
preservation of forests and wildlife."
In July 31 2013, the University of Cincinnati Economics Center found that
the Cincinnati Zoo & Botanical Garden are the premier recreational and
cultural attractions in the tri state region. It has $143 million annual
economic impact with more than 1.4 visitors and quarter million members in
the Greater Cincinnati region.
Zoos can creates economic benefits for the several households and
businesses throughout the region and it gives opportunity to have job for
local people of the region generating over 1,700 jobs with $51.7 million in
wages and benefits. In 2006 The Cincinnati Zoo has reached 36% increase in
attendance while in 2012 they hit all-time high of 1,440,000 visitors.
According to the Cincinnati USA Regional USA Regional Tourism Network (RTN)
the Cincinnati Zoo has been a top three driver of direct-booked visitation
since the RTN began ticket and hotel packaging in 2009.
As the zoos continue to grow, visitors around the country experiencing
improved amenities and quality customer service and a world-class animal
care and evolving landscape filled with new renovated exhibit that captures
the eye of the guest. Through the help of donations the Cincinnati Zoo has
been advance its capital improvement including the addition of Vine Street
Village entryway, Night Hunters exhibit, Cat Canyon exhibit, updated
Reptile House, renovated Base Camp Café and the newest and most impressive
exhibit in Zoo history – Africa. CINCINNATI, OH
Tourism is multi-dimensional functions interrelated with all aspects of
tourist and destination, activities occurred from either direct or indirect
interaction of them. In this report focus on tourism management in
destination, understanding the definition of tourism which will useful for
tourism management, although it has variety definitions explained and
discussed. According to Inskeep (1991) had stated that tourism should be
viewed as a single system which comprise of interrelated parts. He
simplified tourism as system that can be defined, analyzed planned and
managed in an integrated manner. Inskeep also argued that tourism should be
view as socioeconomic sector as well as environmental dimension and
utilizing facilities and services that are part of various existing
standard industrial classification. At the same time, tourism system can be
described in economic terms of demand and supply.
Visitor attractions are natural locations or features, objects, or man-made
constructions that have a special appeal to tourists and local residents.
In many destinations, speci c attractions are performing a motivating role,
and are major pull factors for tourists in their destination choice. In
fact, they 'are arguably the most important component in the tourism
system. They are the main motivators for tourist trips and are the core of
the tourism product. Without attractions there would be no need for other
tourism services. Indeed tourism as such would not exist if it were not for
attractions' (Swarbrooke, 2002). According to swarbrooke (2002) there are
different ways to classify attractions which identi es four main types
first the Features within the natural environment, second Human-made
buildings, structures and sites that were designed for a purpose other than
attracting visitors, such as religious worship, but which now attract
substantial numbers of visitors who use them as leisure amenities, third
Human-made buildings, structures and sites that are designed to attract
visitors and are purpose-built to accommodate their needs, such as theme
parks, and last Special events.
About Zoo
A Zoo is a collection of wild animals in captivity and may include
'zoological gardens, biological parks, safari parks, public aquariums, bird
parks, reptile parks, insectariums, and other collections of wildlife
primarily for public exhibition, education, scientific, and conservation
purposes' (seaZa, 2002: 1) The World association of Zoos and aquariums says
that a zoo is a "venue for visitors and researchers to meet and assist with
the public understanding of science and offering opportunities to raise
awareness about research and its conservation implications and has a
powerful part in achieving global sustainability and should inspire people
who visit zoos to become part of the same movement (WaZa, 2005: 6).
According to Kelly (1997) supported the view that zoo's should be more than
a collection of animals it should be the tool of conservation wildlife and
their natural habitats.
Zoo educating people
Zoos have important role in education or interpretation in wildlife
tourism. A well planned interpretation or educational program for zoos will
help the tourist or visitors to greatly enrich their recreational
experience and increase their appreciation of wildlife (Broad & Weiler,
1998; Higginbottom et al., 2003;rhoads & Goldworthy, 1979; Woods, 1998).
Hunter-Jones & Hayward (1998) Providing visitors interpretative messages in
varying methods and styles can attract large numbers of audience. Engaging
visitors into a realistic habitat recreation can be a great way to awaken
human's potential ability to connect with nature and make the way to
developing or enhancing conservation mindset. Visitors especially children
which is comprise most of the visitors can be further enthused by engaging
them in more interactive activities and interesting interpretative
materials (Tribe, 2001).
Zoo as economic imperative
The most important role of the Zoos is how to balance conservation goals
and economic growth. The study of US museums (including zoos) showed that
the demand for museum services is price stable and that museum quality has
important effects on visitor demand (luksetich & Partridge,
1997). Effective and efficient tourism management strategies can also
affect visitor demand. For instance, Hughes and macbeth (2005) reported
that Barna mia (located in a low profile regional area in West australia)
was showing slow progress in achieving the status of an international
tourism icon, despite the strong conservation of the animal exhibits and
highly satisfying visitor experience, primarily because of poor business
planning, weak marketing and promotions, lack of community support and
inadequate tourism infrastructure. Most zoos have also been including extra
entertainments in zoo tourism and improving their marketing strategies
(Beardsworth & Bryman, 2001). However, mazur (2001) was concerned that
economic imperatives would compromise the conservation objectives of zoos.
Zoos ability to balance the need to remain economically viable and to play
a major role in conservation is indeed a major challenge that requires
sustained support from both the public and private sectors of society.
Statement of the Problem
This study aims to know the enrichment of Malabon zoo to the Tourism in
Malabon City. The proponent wanted Malabon zoo to be recognize as tourist
attraction of the city.
Malabon City itself is not that popular when it comes in tourist
attraction. Actually the city was known as the "Venice of the Philippines"
why? Because in some areas of the city was floody. Zoo nowadays are facing
strong competition among the other attractions. Zoos are becoming weaker in
the industry maybe because of the following reason first the location if
it's not accessible, since when people are travelling they wanted to get to
a specific place fast and easy, second thing is the ambiance of the place
the visitors or tourist wanted to visit a place with a clean and good
ambiance specially in this kind of environment they should be responsible
to maintain the cleanliness and orderliness of it, third is the way they
promote their attraction because there are lots of tourist attraction
existing that is nearby to the zoo, and last because they lack of
facilities and activities in zoo which attract more tourist.
In response to this problem the proponent will conduct a study and survey
as well. The proponents will help in the promotion of Malabon Zoo and
understand the tourist needs and wants in attraction like zoo.
Hypothesis
There is no significant on the influence of Malabon Zoo to the enrichment
of Tourism in Malabon City.
Scope and Delimitation of the Study
This study is conducted in Malabon City located in #1 Gov. Pascual Ave,
Potrero, Malabon, Metro Manila . This is conducted during the period of
academic year september 2015 to November 2015.
This study is limited only to the population based on the actual visit of
the proponent in Malabon Zoo. The proponent will depend on the data or
information release during 2004-2012.
Significance of the Study
The tourism will provide vital information on the relationship of the
Malabon City to the following:
Community: this study could be beneficial to them through the tourist
visiting their place which can be a way of promoting their city which in
effect, affects their livelihood.
Tourism Students: for them to be informed or aware about the different
attractions they have on Malabon specifically Malabon Zoo and become
educated by visiting to the said attraction.
Tourist/Visitors: this study will help them to satisfy their needs and
wants to the
attraction and help them know the significance of the Zoo attractions.
Future Researcher: through this study they can have more bases and can be
useful on their research.
Theoretical Framework
Recently there where only few research study about zoo attractions. The
theory of visitor attraction will help to fully understand this research.
According to Goeldner et al. (2000) advance that attractions are the reason
why people travel thereby making it the single, most significant component
of the tourism system and without attractions drawing people to
destinations, there would be little need for tourism services such as
transportation, lodging, food and others. The key observation made by
Goeldner et al. (2000), in respect of attractions is that it draws the
smallest portion of the tourist expenditure with the majority of the
disbursements going to air transportation, accommodation and food. To
become competitive within the attraction sector there is a need to have a
combination of attractions, like sightseeing, shopping, entertainment,
gaming, culture and recreation and this play an important role in
determining the competitiveness of a destination (Goeldner, Ritchie &
Mcintosh, 2000).
Figure 1.0
Swarbrooke (2002), states that the definition of visitor attractions has
evolved over the years and concludes that it remains a complex one. He
identifies one of the more recent definitions of attractions by Heron &
Stevens (1990) as being reflective of developments that are more recent.
This definition is as follows: A visitor attraction is a feature in an
area that is a place, venue, or focus of activities and does the following
things: sets out to attract visitors/day visitors from resident or tourist
populations, and is managed accordingly, provides a fun and pleasurable
experience and an enjoyable way for customers to spend their leisure time,
is managed as an attraction, providing satisfaction to its customers,
provides an appropriate level of facilities and services to meet and cater
to the demands, needs, and interests of its visitors and may or may not
charge an admission for entry.
Figure 2.0
According to Swarbrooke (2002), this definition excludes the uncontrollable
and unmanageable situations that are often referred to as attractions, such
as climate. He further comments that not only is the attraction sector a
diverse and complex one, it is further geographically segmented with the
segments having their own interpretations and approaches to these
attractions and therefore making it extremely difficult for a systematised
method of collecting data in these niches. However, he expounds that one
can accept that attractions are single, accessible, and small-scale
geographic units that have the capacity to attract large numbers of people
to travel some distance from their homes. This is usually during their
leisure time with their visit being for a short and limited period. Tourist
attraction is seen as the base of tourism (Bennett,1995: 8). People would
have very little motivation to visit a tourist destination that has no
attraction. Bennett (1995: 9) lists three categories of attractions namely,
natural attractions, man-made attractions and socio cultural attractions.
George (2001) states that attractions play a key role in tourism and
hospitality destinations and that they entice the visitors to the
destination. George (2001) makes mention of A primary attractions, which
are those, that are in themselves sufficient to induce the tourist to visit
the destination and secondary attractions which are not important enough
to convince them, but which can serve as a complementary feature.
Historical sights, archeological sites, architecture, cuisine, monuments,
industrial sites, zoo, museums, concerts, ethnic, and theatre are examples.
Landscapes, seascapes, parks, mountains, flora, fauna, coasts and islands
are examples of natural attractions.
Conceptual Framework
Figure 3.0
Shown in the Conceptual Framework in this study is the IPO model. It shows
the input, process and output involved in the completion of the research
concerning what the problem we need to work and the answer through the
processes and gathering data to help the outcomes of our research.
Definition of term:
Zoo - is a collection of wild animals in captivity and may include
'zoological gardens, biological parks, safari parks, public aquariums, bird
parks, reptile parks, insectariums, and other collections of wildlife
primarily for public exhibition, education, scientific, and conservation
purposes. (seaZa, 2002: 1)
Tourism - is multi-dimensional functions interrelated with all aspects of
tourist and destination, activities occurred from either direct or indirect
interaction of them. In this report focus on tourism management in
destination, understanding the definition of tourism which will useful for
tourism management, although it has variety definitions explained and
discussed. (Inskeep:2009)
Visitor/Tourist attractions - are natural locations or features, objects,
or man-made constructions that have a special appeal to tourists and local
residents. (Swarbrooke, 2002)
Wildlife tourism - is tourism undertaken to view and/or encounter wildlife.
It can take place in a range of settings, from captive, semi-captive, to in
the wild, and it encompasses a variety of interactions from passive
observation to feeding and/or touching the species viewed. (melfi et al.,
2004)
Visitor - is a traveller taking a trip to a main destination outside
his/her usual environment, for less than a year, for any main purpose
(business, leisure or other personal purpose) other than to be employed by
a resident entity in the country or place visited. (UNWTO, 2007)
Chapter 2
Methodology
Research Design
This study used the survey approach of research, specifically the
descriptive method. The said approach is used to determine if the malabon
zoo have significant enrichment in the tourism of Malabon City. The survey
questionnaire will be distributed for tourist and tourism office of
Malabon.
Research Locale
This study will be conducted at Malabon City, specifically at Malabon Zoo
and Tourism office of Malabon City.
Malabon is basically a coastal city situated in the northern part of Metro
Manila, Malabon, together with navotas, Valenzuela, pateros, taguig, pasig
and muntinlupa form the metro manila outer ring of towns with the city of
Manila as the center. The city is bounded on the north and northeast by
Valenzuela, on the west and southwest by navotas and the southeast by
Caloocan city.
Malabon Zoo was located at #1 Gov. W. Pascual, Bgy. Potrero Malabon. A well
kept and unique conservatory of both endemic and exotic animals including a
large variety of unusual fishes stashed inside a one hectare tropical
rainforest environment.
Population and Sample
The Population comprised with 80 tourists a day the destination involved
Malabon zoo including the tourism officer. In computing the number
respondents we use the Slovin's Fromula which is represented:
N=___N______
1+ Ne2
Where:
n= Number of Respondents N=Total no.of Population
e=Margin of Error
The Number of Respondent was Determined using 5% or 0.05 Margin of
Error.Slovin's Formula Allowed the Researcher to Sample the Population with
a Desired Degree of Accuracy.Applying The Slovin's Formula
n = 80 n= 80
1+[(80)(0.05)2] 1+80(0.0025)
n= 80 n= 80
1 + 0.2 1.2
= 66.67 or 67
Respondents of the Study
The respondents of the study are the tourist or visitor in our research
locale. The visitors or tourists of Malabon Zoo will be the one to answer
the survey and also the tourism officer. The respondents of the study will
be selected randomly.
Research Instruments
The data gatherings used in this study were the following:
1. Unstructured type of Questionnaire or also know as open-ended
questionnaire. This type of questionnaire permit free responses which
should be recorded in the respondents own words. This instrument is
used to know the identity of the respondents. The instrument
determined the gender, age, occupation and monthly income.
2. This Survey questionnaire is for tourist. This instrument is used to
determine how many tourists was able to visit Malabon Zoo. And also to
determine the basis or consideration of a tourist when visiting a
tourist attractions like Malabon Zoo in terms of accessibility,
ambiance, services, facilities and budget. the questionnaire use to
determine the basis or things tourist consider is likert scale.
3. Survey for tourism officer of Malabon City. The type of questionnaire
will be use is structured or closed questionnaire. This type of
questionnaire will have a list of possible options or answers from
which the respondents must choose.
4. Data Gathering or collection will also be use as research instrument.
The collection of data has an important role in impact evaluation by
providing information useful to understand the processes behind
observed results.
Statistical Treatment
The data are subjected to statistical treatment in order to answer the
questions posed in this study.
1. To determine the demographic profile of the respondents, frequency and
percentage are used.
Formula: F
P =------------- X 100
N
WHERE:
P= Percentage
F= Frequency
N= Number of Respondents
2. To determine the tourist consideration when visiting Malabon Zoo and
to determine if the said attraction have significance to the
enrichment of tourism in malabon and the demographic profile of the
tourist according to age, gender, occupation, and monthly income.
( )(x)
Weighted MeanFormula: X =
TF
Where: TF= Total Frequency
f= Frequency of each item value
x= Weighted mean of each value
X= Weight of each item value
