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Back Matter
Appendix 1: Property Tables and Charts (SI Units)
767
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Appendix 1 PROPERTY TABLES AND CHARTS (SI UNITS)
Table A–1
Molar mass, Molar mass, gas const constant ant,, and crit cr itic ical al-p -poi oint nt pr prop oper erti ties es 766
Table A–2
Ideal-gas specific heats of various common gases 767
diag agra ram m for for refr refrig iger eran antt-13 134a 4a 78 789 9 Figure A–14 P-h di Prop oper erti ties es of of satu satura rate ted d wate waterr 79 790 0 Table A–15 Pr Table A–16 Properties of saturated refr re frig iger eran antt-13 134a 4a
Table A–3
Properties of common Properties common liquids, solids, and foods 770
Table A–4
Saturated water—T water—Temperature emperature table 772
Table A–5 Table A–6 Table A–7 Table A–8 Figure A–9 Figure A–10 Table A–11
Satu Sa tura rate ted d water water—P —Pre ressu ssure re tabl tablee
Table A–12
Saturated refrigerant-134a— Pres Pr essu surre ta tabl blee 78 786 6
Table A–13
Supe Su perh rhea eate ted d refri refrige gera rant nt-1 -134 34aa
Supe Su perh rhea eate ted d wat ater er
774 77 4
776 77 6
Comp Co mpre ress ssed ed liq liqui uid d wate waterr
780 78 0
Satu Sa tura rate ted d ice ice–w –wat ater er va vapo porr diag agra ram m for for wat ateer T-s di
781
782 78 2
Moll Mo llie ierr dia diagr gram am fo forr wat water er
783
Saturated refrigerant-134a— Tem empe pera ratu ture re ta tabl blee 78 784 4
787
Table Table Table Table Table Table
A–17 A–18 A–19 A–20 A–21 A–22
791 79 1
Prop Pr oper erti ties es of sat satur urat ated ed ammo ammoni niaa
792
Prop Pr oper erti ties es of sat satur urat ated ed propa propane ne Prop Pr oper erti ties es of li liqu quid idss
793 79 3
794 79 4
Prop Pr oper erti ties es of li liqu quid id me meta tals ls Idea Id eall-ga gass pro prope pert rtie iess of of air air
795 796 79 6
Properties of air at 1 atm pressure 798
Table A–23
Properties of gases at 1 atm pressure 799
Table A–24 Table A–25 Table A–26 Figure A–27 Figure A–28
Prop Pr oper erti ties es of so soli lid d met metal alss
801
Prop Pr oper erti ties es of of soli solid d nonnon-me meta tals ls Emis Em issi sivi viti ties es of su surf rfac aces es The Mo Moody Cha Charrt
804
805 80 5
807 80 7
Nelson-Obert generalized comp co mpre ress ssib ibil ilit ity y char chartt 80 808 8
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Appendix 1: Property Tables and Charts (SI Units)
© The McGraw−Hill Companies, 2008
Introduction to Thermodynamics and Heat Trans Transfer fer
TABLE A–1 Molar mass, gas constant, and critical-point properties
Substance
Formula
Air Ammonia Argon Benzene Bromine n -Butane Carbon dioxide Carbon monoxide Carbon tetrachloride Chlorine Chloroform Dichlorodifl Dichlo rodifluoromet uoromethane hane (R-12) Dichlo Dic hlorof rofluo luorom rometh ethane ane (R(R-21) 21) Ethane Ethyl alcohol Ethylene Helium n -Hexane Hydrogen (normal) Krypton Methane Methyl alcohol Methyl chloride Neon Nitrogen Nitrous oxide Oxygen Propane Propylene Sulfur dioxide Tet etra rafl fluo uoro roet etha hane ne (R (R-1 -134 34a) a) Tric richlor hlorofl ofluor uoromet omethane hane (R(R-11) 11) Water Xenon
— NH3 Ar C6H6 Br2 C4H10 CO2 CO CCl4 Cl2 CHCl3 CCl2F2 CHCl2F C2H6 C2H5OH C2H4 He C6H14 H2 Kr CH4 CH3OH CH3Cl Ne N2 N2O O2 C3H8 C3H6 SO2 CF3CH2F CCl3F H2O Xe
Critical-point properties
Molar mas ass, s, kg/kmol M kg/kmol
Gas cons nsttant, R kJ/kg · K*
Tem emp perature, K
28.97 17.03 39.948 7 8.115 78 159.808 58.124 58 44.01 28.011 153.82 15 70.906 119.38 120.91 102.92 30.070 46.07 28.054 4.003 86.179 86 2.016 83.80 16.043 32.042 50.488 20.183 28.013 44.013 31.999 4 4.097 44 4 2.081 42 64.063 102.03 137.37 18.015 131.30
0.2870 0.4882 0.2081 0.1064 0.0520 0.1430 0.1889 0.2968 0.05405 0.1173 0.06964 0.06876 0.08078 0.2765 0.1805 0.2964 2.0769 0.09647 4.1240 0.09921 0.5182 0.2595 0.1647 0.4119 0.2968 0.1889 0.2598 0.1885 0.1976 0.1298 0.08149 0.06052 0.4615 0.06332
132.5 405.5 151 562 584 425.2 304.2 133 556.4 417 536.6 384.7 451.7 305.5 516 282.4 5.3 507.9 33.3 209.4 191.1 513.2 416.3 44.5 126.2 309.7 154.8 370 365 430.7 374.2 471.2 647.1 289.8
Press ssu ure, MPa
Volume, m3 /kmol
3.77 11.28 4.86 4.92 10.34 3.80 7.39 3.50 4.56 7.71 5.47 4.01 5.17 4.48 6.38 5.12 0.23 3.03 1.30 5.50 4.64 7.95 6.68 2.73 3.39 7.27 5.08 4.26 4.62 7.88 4.059 4.38 22.06 5.88
0.0883 0.0724 0.0749 0.2603 0.1355 0.2547 0.0943 0.0930 0.2759 0.1242 0.2403 0.2179 0.1973 0.1480 0.1673 0.1242 0.0578 0.3677 0.0649 0.0924 0.0993 0.1180 0.1430 0.0417 0.0899 0.0961 0.0780 0.1998 0.1810 0.1217 0.1993 0.2478 0.0560 0.1186
M, where R u 8.31447 kJ/kmol · K and M is M *The unit kJ/kg · K is equivalent to kPa · m 3 /kg · K. The gas constant is calculated from R is the molar R u / mass. Source: K. A. Kobe and R. E. Lynn, Jr., Chemical Review 52 Fundamentals ls (Atlanta, 52 (1953), pp. 117–236; and ASHRAE, Handbook of Fundamenta (Atlanta, GA: American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc., 1993), pp. 16.4 and 36.1.
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TABLE A–2 Ideal-gas specific heats of various common gases (a ) At 300 K Gas
Formula
Air Argon Butane Carbon dioxide Carbon monoxide Ethane Ethylene Helium Hydrogen Methane Neon Nitrogen Octane Oxygen Propane Steam
— Ar C4H10 CO2 CO C2H6 C2H4 He H2 CH4 Ne N2 C8H18 O2 C3H8 H2O
Gas constant, R kJ/kg · K 0.2870 0.2081 0.1433 0.1889 0.2968 0.2765 0.2964 2.0769 4.1240 0.5182 0.4119 0.2968 0.0729 0.2598 0.1885 0.4615
c p kJ/kg · K
c kJ/kg · K
k
1.005 0.5203 1.7164 0.846 1.040 1.7662 1.5482 5.1926 14.307 2.2537 1.0299 1.039 1.7113 0.918 1.6794 1.8723
0.718 0.3122 1.5734 0.657 0.744 1.4897 1.2518 3.1156 10.183 1.7354 0.6179 0.743 1.6385 0.658 1.4909 1.4108
1.400 1.667 1.091 1.289 1.400 1.186 1.237 1.667 1.405 1.299 1.667 1.400 1.044 1.395 1.126 1.327
v
Note: The unit kJ/kg · K is equivalent to kJ/kg · °C. Source: Chemical and Process Process Thermodyna Thermodynamics mics 3/E 3/E by Kyle, B. G., © 2000. Adapted by permission of Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ.
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Introduction to Thermodynamics and Heat Trans Transfer fer
TABLE A–2 Ideal-gas specific heats of various common gases ( Continued ) (b ) At various temperatures
Temperature, K 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 900 1000
c p kJ/k kJ /kg g·K
c kJ/k kJ /kg g·K v
k
Air
1.003 1.005 1.008 1.013 1.020 1.029 1.040 1.051 1.063 1.075 1.087 1.099 1.121 1.142
0.716 0.718 0.721 0.726 0.733 0.742 0.753 0.764 0.776 0.788 0.800 0.812 0.834 0.855
c p kJ/k kJ /kg g·K
14.051 14.307 14.427 14.476 14.501 14.513 14.530 14.546 14.571 14.604 14.645 14.695 14.822 14.983
9.927 10.183 10.302 10.352 10.377 10.389 10.405 10.422 10.447 10.480 10.521 10.570 10.698 10.859
v
k
Carbon dioxide, CO2
1.401 1.400 1.398 1.395 1.391 1.387 1.381 1.376 1.370 1.364 1.359 1.354 1.344 1.336
0.791 0.846 0.895 0.939 0.978 1.014 1.046 1.075 1.102 1.126 1.148 1.169 1.204 1.234
Hydrogen, H 2
250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 900 1000
c kJ/k kJ /kg g·K
1.416 1.405 1.400 1.398 1.398 1.397 1.396 1.396 1.395 1.394 1.392 1.390 1.385 1.380
0.602 0.657 0.706 0.750 0.790 0.825 0.857 0.886 0.913 0.937 0.959 0.980 1.015 1.045
1.314 1.288 1.268 1.252 1.239 1.229 1.220 1.213 1.207 1.202 1.197 1.193 1.186 1.181
c p kJ/k kJ /kg g·K
0.742 0.743 0.744 0.747 0.752 0.759 0.768 0.778 0.789 0.801 0.813 0.825 0.849 0.870
v
k
Carbon monoxide, CO
1.039 1.040 1.043 1.047 1.054 1.063 1.075 1.087 1.100 1.113 1.126 1.139 1.163 1.185
Nitrogen, N 2
1.039 1.039 1.041 1.044 1.049 1.056 1.065 1.075 1.086 1.098 1.110 1.121 1.145 1.167
c kJ/k kJ /kg g·K
0.743 0.744 0.746 0.751 0.757 0.767 0.778 0.790 0.803 0.816 0.829 0.842 0.866 0.888
1.400 1.399 1.398 1.395 1.392 1.387 1.382 1.376 1.370 1.364 1.358 1.353 1.343 1.335
Oxygen, O 2
1.400 1.400 1.399 1.397 1.395 1.391 1.387 1.382 1.376 1.371 1.365 1.360 1.349 1.341
0.913 0.918 0.928 0.941 0.956 0.972 0.988 1.003 1.017 1.031 1.043 1.054 1.074 1.090
0.653 0.658 0.668 0.681 0.696 0.712 0.728 0.743 0.758 0.771 0.783 0.794 0.814 0.830
1.398 1.395 1.389 1.382 1.373 1.365 1.358 1.350 1.343 1.337 1.332 1.327 1.319 1.313
Source: Kenneth Wark, Thermodynamics, 4th ed. (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1983), p. 783, Table A–4M. Originally published in Tables of Thermal Properties of Gases, NBS Circular 564, 1955.
Çengel: Introduction to Thermodynamics and Heat Transfer, Second Edition
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Appendix 1
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TABLE A–2 Ideal-gas specific heats of various common gases ( Concluded ) (c ) As a function of temperature _ c p a bT cT 2 dT 3 (T in K, c p in kJ/kmol · K)
Substance
Formula
Nitrogen Oxygen Air Hydrogen Carbon monoxide Carbon dioxide Water vapor Nitric oxide Nitrous oxide Nitrogen dioxide Ammonia Sulfur Sulfur dioxide Sulfur trioxide Acetylene Benzene Methanol Ethanol Hydrogen chloride Methane Ethane Propane n -Butane i -Butane n -Pentane n -Hexane Ethylene Propylene
N2 O2 — H2
CO CO2 H2O NO N2O
a 28.90 25.48 28.11 29.11 28.16
NO2 NH3 S2
22.26 32.24 29.34 24.11 22.9 27.568 27.21
b
c
0.1571 102
d
1.520 10 0.1967 102 0.1916 102
0.8081 105 0.7155 105 0.4802 105 0.4003 105
1.312 109 1.966 109 0.8704 109
273–1800 273–1800 273–1800 273–1800
0.59 1.19 0.72 1.01
0.34 0.28 0.33 0.26
102
0.5372 105
2.222 109
273–1800
0.89
0.37
5.981 102 0.1923 102 0.09395 102 5.8632 102
3.501 105
7.469 109 3.595 109 4.187 109 10.58 109
273–1800 273–1800 273–1500 273–1500
0.67 0.53 0.97 0.59
0.22 0.24 0.36 0.26
102
3.52 105
2
5
102
0.99072 10 1.628 105
7.87 109 6.6909 109 3.986 109
273–1500 273–1500 273–1800
0.46 0.91 0.99
0.18 0.36 0.38
2
0.1675
5.715 2.5630 2.218
10
5
1.055 10 0.9747 105 3.562 105
2.873 109
% error Temperature range, K Max. Avg.
25.78
5.795
102
3.812 105
8.612 109
273–1800
0.45
0.24
SO3 C2H2 C6H6 CH4O C2H6O
16.40 21.8 36.22 19.0 19.9
14.58 9.2143 48.475 9.152 20.96
102
11.20 105
2
5
32.42 109 18.21 109 77.62 109 8.039 109 20.05 109
273–1300 273–1500 273–1500 273–1000 273–1500
0.29 1.46 0.34 0.18 0.40
0.13 0.59 0.20 0.08 0.22
4.338 109
273–1500 273–1500 273–1500 273–1500 273–1500 273–1500 273–1500 273–1500 273–1500 273–1500
0.22 1.33 0.83 0.40 0.54 0.25 0.56 0.72 0.54 0.73
0.08 0.57 0.28 0.12 0.24 0.13 0.21 0.20 0.13 0.17
SO2
HCl 30.33 CH4 19.89 C2H6 6.900 C3H8 4.04 C4H10 3.96 C4H10 7.913 C5H12 6.774 C6H14 6.938 C2H4 3 .95 C3H6 3 .15
10
6.527 10
102
31.57 105
2
1.22 105
102
10.38 105
0.7620 102
1.327 105 1.269 105 6.406 105 15.72 105 18.34 105 23.01 105 22.46 105 28.65 105 8.344 105 12.18 105
10
2
5.024 10 17.27 102 30.48 102 37.15 102 41.60 102 45.43 102 55.22 102 15.64 102 23.83 102
11.01 109
7.285 109 31.74 109 35.00 109 49.91 109 42.29 109 57.69 109 17.67 109 24.62 109
Source: Chemical and Process Thermodynamics 3/E by Kyle, B. G., © 2000. Adapted by permission of Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ.
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Introduction to Thermodynamics and Heat Transfer
TABLE A–3 Properties of common liquids, solids, and foods (a ) Liquids Boiling data at 1 atm
Substance Ammonia
Normal boiling point, °C 33.3
Latent heat of vaporization h fg , kJ/kg 1357
Freezing data
Freezing point, °C 77.7
Latent heat of fusion h if , kJ/kg 322.4
Liquid properties
Temperature, °C 33.3
0 25 185.6 20
682 665 639 602 1394 879
4.43 4.52 4.60 4.80 1.14 1.72
20 0.5 0 25 20 20 20 268.9 252.8 11.7 20 25 161.5 100 25 195.8 160 20 25 183 20 42.1 0 50 50 26.1 0 25 0 25 50 75 100
1150 601 298 783 789 1109 1261 146.2 70.7 593.8 820 13,560 423 301 787 809 596 703 910 1141 640 581 529 449 1443 1374 1295 1207 1000 997 988 975 958
3.11 2.31 0.59 2.46 2.84 2.84 2.32 22.8 10.0 2.28 2.00 0.139 3.49 5.79 2.55 2.06 2.97 2.10 1.80 1.71 2.0 2.25 2.53 3.13 1.23 1.27 1.34 1.43 4.22 4.18 4.18 4.19 4.22
20
Argon Benzene Brine (20% sodium chloride by mass) n -Butane Carbon dioxide Ethanol Ethyl alcohol Ethylene glycol Glycerine Helium Hydrogen Isobutane Kerosene Mercury Methane
185.9
Methanol Nitrogen
64.5 195.8
1100 198.6
124.8
306.3
Octane Oil (light) Oxygen Petroleum Propane
Refrigerant-134a
Water
80.2 103.9 0.5 78.4* 78.2 78.6 198.1 179.9 268.9 252.8 11.7 204–293 356.7 161.5
183
— 42.1
26.1
100
161.6 394 — 385.2 230.5 (at 0°C) 838.3 855 800.1 974 22.8 445.7 367.1 251 294.7 510.4
212.7 230–384 427.8
217.0
2257
189.3
5.5 17.4 138.5
28 126 — 80.3
56.6 114.2 156 10.8
18.9 — 259.2 160 24.9 38.9 182.2 97.7 210
109 108 181.1 200.6 — 59.5 105.7 — 11.4 58.4 99.2 25.3
57.5
180.7
218.8
13.7
187.7
80.0
96.6
0.0
—
333.7
Density r , kg/m3
Specific heat c p , kJ/kg · K
* Sublimation temperature. (At pressures below the triple-point pressure of 518 kPa, carbon dioxide exists as a solid or gas. Also, the freezing-point temperature of carbon dioxide is the triple-point temperature of 56.5°C.)
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TABLE A–3 Properties of common liquids, solids, and foods ( Concluded ) (b ) Solids (values are for room temperature unless indicated otherwise) Density, r kg/m3
Substance
Specific heat, c p kJ/kg · K
Density, r kg/m3
Substance
Metals
Nonmetals
Aluminum 200 K 250 K 300 K 350 K 400 K 450 K 500 K Bronze (76% Cu, 2% Zn, 2% Al) Brass, yellow (65% Cu, 35% Zn) Copper 173°C 100°C 50°C 0°C 27°C 100°C 200°C Iron Lead Magnesium Nickel Silver Steel, mild Tungsten
Asphalt Brick, common Brick, fireclay (500°C) Concrete Clay Diamond Glass, window Glass, pyrex Graphite Granite Gypsum or plaster board Ice 200 K 220 K 240 K 260 K 273 K Limestone Marble Plywood (Douglas Fir) Rubber (soft) Rubber (hard) Sand Stone Woods, hard (maple, oak, etc.) Woods, soft (fir, pine, etc.)
8,280
0.797 0.859 0.902 0.929 0.949 0.973 0.997 0.400
8,310
0.400
2,700
0.254 0.342 0.367 0.381 0.386 0.393 0.403 0.45 0.128 1.000 0.440 0.235 0.500 0.130
8,900
7,840 11,310 1,730 8,890 10,470 7,830 19,400
Specific heat, c p kJ/kg · K
2110 1922 2300 2300 1000 2420 2700 2230 2500 2700 800
0.920 0.79 0.960 0.653 0.920 0.616 0.800 0.840 0.711 1.017 1.09
921 1650 2600 545 1100 1150 1520 1500 721 513
1.56 1.71 1.86 2.01 2.11 0.909 0.880 1.21 1.840 2.009 0.800 0.800 1.26 1.38
(c ) Foods Specific heat, kJ/kg · K
Specific heat, kJ/kg · K
Food Apples Bananas Beef round Broccoli Butter Cheese, swiss Cherries Chicken Corn, sweet Eggs, whole Ice cream
Water content, % (mass) 84 75 67 90 16 39 80 74 74 74 63
Latent heat of Freezing Above Below fusion, point, °C freezing freezing kJ/kg 1.1 0.8
— 0.6 — 10.0 1.8 2.8 0.6 0.6 5.6
3.65 3.35 3.08 3.86 — 2.15 3.52 3.32 3.32 3.32 2.95
1.90 1.78 1.68 1.97 1.04 1.33 1.85 1.77 1.77 1.77 1.63
281 251 224 301 53 130 267 247 247 247 210
Food Lettuce Milk, whole Oranges Potatoes Salmon fish Shrimp Spinach Strawberries Tomatoes, ripe Turkey Watermelon
Water content, % (mass) 95 88 87 78 64 83 93 90 94 64 93
Freezing point, °C 0.2 0.6 0.8 0.6 2.2 2.2 0.3 0.8 0.5
— 0.4
Above freezing
Below freezing
Latent heat of fusion, kJ/kg
4.02 3.79 3.75 3.45 2.98 3.62 3.96 3.86 3.99 2.98 3.96
2.04 1.95 1.94 1.82 1.65 1.89 2.01 1.97 2.02 1.65 2.01
317 294 291 261 214 277 311 301 314 214 311
Source: Values are obtained from various handbooks and other sources or are calculated. Water content and freezing-point data of foods are from ASHRAE, Handbook of Fundamentals, SI version (Atlanta, GA: American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc., 1993), Chapter 30, Table 1. Freezing point is the temperature at which freezing starts for fruits and vegetables, and the average freezing temperature for other foods.
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Introduction to Thermodynamics and Heat Trans Transfer fer
TABLE A–4 Saturated water—Temperature table Specific volume, m3 /kg
Temp., T °C °C
Sat. press., P sat kPa
Sat. liquid,
Sat. vapor,
v f
v g
0.01 5 10 15 20
0.6117 0.8725 1.2281 1.7057 2.3392
0.001000 0.001000 0.001000 0.001001 0.001002
206.00 147.03 106.32 77.885 57.762
25 30 35 40 45
3.1698 4.2469 5.6291 7.3851 9.5953
0.001003 0.001004 0.001006 0.001008 0.001010
43.340 32.879 25.205 19.515 15.251
Internal energy, kJ/kg
Sat. liquid, u f 0.000 21.019 42.020 62.980 83.913
Evap., u fg
Sat. vapor, vap u g
2374.9 2360.8 2346.6 2332.5 2318.4
2374.9 2381.8 2388.7 2395.5 2402.3
104.83 125.73 146.63 167.53 188.43
2304.3 2290.2 2276.0 2261.9 2247.7
2409.1 2415.9 2422.7 2429.4 2436.1
Enthalpy, kJ/kg
Sa S at. liquid, h f 0.001 21.020 42.022 62.982 83.915
Evap., h fg
Entropy, kJ/kg · K
Sat. vapor, h g
Sat. liquid, s f
Sat. Evap., vapor, Ev s fg s g
2 50 500.9 2 48 489.1 2 47 477.2 2 46 465.4 2 45 453.5
2500.9 2510.1 2519.2 2528.3 2537.4
0.0000 0.0763 0.1511 0.2245 0.2965
9..1556 9 8.9487 8. 8.7488 8. 8.5559 8. 8.3696 8.
9.1556 9.0249 8.8999 8.7803 8.6661
104.83 125.74 146.64 167.53 188.44
2441.7 2429.8 2417.9 2406.0 2394.0
2546.5 2555.6 2564.6 2573.5 2582.4
0.3672 0.4368 0.5051 0.5724 0.6386
8..1895 8 8.0152 8. 7.8466 7. 7.6832 7. 7.5247 7.
8.5567 8.4520 8.3517 8.2556 8.1633
50 55 60 65 70
12.352 15.763 19.947 25.043 31.202
0.001012 0.001015 0.001017 0.001020 0.001023
12.026 9.5639 7.6670 6.1935 5.0396
209.33 230.24 251.16 272.09 293.04
2233.4 2219.1 2204.7 2190.3 2175.8
2442.7 2449.3 2455.9 2462.4 2468.9
209.34 230.26 251.18 272.12 293.07
2382.0 2369.8 2357.7 2345.4 2333.0
2591.3 2600.1 2608.8 2617.5 2626.1
0.7038 0.7680 0.8313 0.8937 0.9551
7..3710 7 7.2218 7. 7.0769 7. 6.9360 6. 6.7989 6.
8.0748 7.9898 7.9082 7.8296 7.7540
75 80 85 90 95
38.597 47.416 57.868 70.183 84.609
0.001026 0.001029 0.001032 0.001036 0.001040
4.1291 3.4053 2.8261 2.3593 1.9808
313.99 334.97 355.96 376.97 398.00
2161.3 2146.6 2131.9 2117.0 2102.0
2475.3 2481.6 2487.8 2494.0 2500.1
314.03 335.02 356.02 377.04 398.09
2320.6 2308.0 2295.3 2282.5 2269.6
2634.6 2643.0 2651.4 2659.6 2667.6
1.0158 1.0756 1.1346 1.1929 1.2504
6..6655 6 6.5355 6. 6.4089 6. 6.2853 6. 6.1647 6.
7.6812 7.6111 7.5435 7.4782 7.4151
100 105 110 115 120
101.42 120.90 143.38 169.18 198.67
0.001043 0.001047 0.001052 0.001056 0.001060
1.6720 1.4186 1.2094 1.0360 0.89133
419.06 440.15 461.27 482.42 503.60
2087.0 2071.8 2056.4 2040.9 2025.3
2506.0 2511.9 2517.7 2523.3 2528.9
419.17 440.28 461.42 482.59 503.81
2256.4 2243.1 2229.7 2216.0 2202.1
2675.6 2683.4 2691.1 2698.6 2706.0
1.3072 1.3634 1.4188 1.4737 1.5279
6..0470 6 5.9319 5. 5.8193 5. 5.7092 5. 5 .6 .6013
7.3542 7.2952 7.2382 7.1829 7.1292
125 130 135 140 145
232.23 270.28 313.22 361.53 415.68
0.001065 0.001070 0.001075 0.001080 0.001085
0.77012 0.66808 0.58179 0.50850 0.44600
524.83 546.10 567.41 588.77 610.19
2009.5 1993.4 1977.3 1960.9 1944.2
2534.3 2539.5 2544.7 2549.6 2554.4
525.07 546.38 567.75 589.16 610.64
2188.1 2173.7 2159.1 2144.3 2129.2
2713.1 2720.1 2726.9 2733.5 2739.8
1.5816 1.6346 1.6872 1.7392 1.7908
5 .4 .4956 5 .3 .3919 5 .2 .2901 5 .1 .1901 5 .0 .0919
7.0771 7.0265 6.9773 6.9294 6.8827
150 155 160 165 170
476.16 543.49 618.23 700.93 792.18
0.001091 0.001096 0.001102 0.001108 0.001114
0.39248 0.34648 0.30680 0.27244 0.24260
631.66 653.19 674.79 696.46 718.20
1927.4 1910.3 1893.0 1875.4 1857.5
2559.1 2563.5 2567.8 2571.9 2575.7
632.18 653.79 675.47 697.24 719.08
2113.8 2098.0 2082.0 2065.6 2048.8
2745.9 2751.8 2757.5 2762.8 2767.9
1.8418 1.8924 1.9426 1.9923 2.0417
4 .9 .9953 4 .9 .9002 4 .8 .8066 4 .7 .7143 4 .6 .6233
6.8371 6.7927 6.7492 6.7067 6.6650
175 180 185 190 195 200
892.60 1002.8 1123.5 1255.2 1398.8 1554.9
0.001121 0.001127 0.001134 0.001141 0.001149 0.001157
0.21659 0.19384 0.17390 0.15636 0.14089 0.12721
740.02 761.92 783.91 806.00 828.18 850.46
1839.4 1820.9 1802.1 1783.0 1763.6 1743.7
2579.4 2582.8 2586.0 2589.0 2591.7 2594.2
741.02 763.05 785.19 807.43 829.78 852.26
2031.7 2014.2 1996.2 1977.9 1959.0 1939.8
2772.7 2777.2 2781.4 2785.3 2788.8 2792.0
2.0906 2.1392 2.1875 2.2355 2.2831 2.3305
4 .5 .5335 4 .4 .4448 4 .3 .3572 4 .2 .2705 4 .1 .1847 4 .0 .0997
6.6242 6.5841 6.5447 6.5059 6.4678 6.4302
(Continued)
Çengel: Introduction to Thermodynamics and Heat Transfer, Second Edition
Back Matter
Appendix 1: Property Tables and Charts (SI Units)
775
© The McGraw−Hill Companies, 2008
Appendix 1
|
773
TABLE A–4 Saturated water—Temperature table (Concluded ) Specific volume, m3 /kg
Sat. liquid,
Sat. vapor,
v f
v g
Internal energy, kJ/kg
Sat. liquid, u f
Sat. liquid, h f
Entropy, kJ/kg · K
Temp., T °C °C
Sat. press., P sat kPa
205 210 215 220 225
1724.3 1907.7 2105 05..9 2319 19..6 2549 49..7
0.001164 0.001173 0.001 011 181 0.001 011 190 0.001 011 199
0.11508 0.10429 0.094680 0.086094 0.078405
872.86 895.38 918.02 940.79 963.70
1723.5 1702.9 1681.9 1660.5 1638.6
2596.4 2598.3 259 599 9.9 260 601 1.3 260 602 2.3
874.87 897.61 920 20..50 943 43..55 966 66..76
1920.0 1899.7 1878.8 1857.4 1835.4
2794.8 2797.3 2799.3 2801.0 2802.2
2.3776 2.4245 2.471 712 2 2.517 176 6 2.563 639 9
4 .0 .0154 3 .9 .9318 3.8489 3.8 3.7664 3.7 3.6844 3.6
6.3930 6.3563 6.3200 6.2840 6.2483
230 235 240 245 250
2797 97..1 3062 62..6 3347 47..0 3651 51..2 3976 76..2
0.001 012 209 0.001 012 219 0.001 012 229 0.001 012 240 0.001 012 252
0.071505 0.065300 0.059707 0.054656 0.050085
986.76 1010.0 1033.4 1056.9 1080.7
1616.1 1593.2 1569.8 1545.7 1521.1
260 602 2.9 260 603 3.2 260 603 3.1 260 602 2.7 260 601 1.8
990 90..14 1013. 3.7 7 1037. 7.5 5 1061. 1.5 5 1085. 5.7 7
1812.8 1789.5 1765.5 1740.8 1715.3
2802.9 280 28 03.2 280 28 03.0 280 28 02.2 280 28 01.0
2.610 100 0 2.6560 2.7018 2.7476 2.7933
3.6 3. 6028 3.52 3.5 216 3.44 3.4 405 3.35 3.3 596 3.27 3.2 788
6.2128 6.1775 6.1424 6.1072 6.0721
255 260 265 270 275
4322 22..9 4692 92..3 5085 85..3 5503 03..0 5946 46..4
0.001 012 263 0.001 012 276 0.001 012 289 0.001 013 303 0.001 013 317
0.045941 0.042175 0.038748 0.035622 0.032767
1104.7 1128.8 1153.3 1177.9 1202.9
1495.8 1469.9 1443.2 1415.7 1387.4
260 600 0.5 259 598 8.7 259 596 6.5 259 593 3.7 259 590 0.3
1110. 0.1 1 1134. 4.8 8 1159. 9.8 8 1185. 5.1 1 1210. 0.7 7
1689.0 1661.8 1633.7 1604.6 1574.5
2799.1 279 279 27 96.6 279 27 93.5 278 27 89.7 278 27 85.2
2.8390 2.8847 2.9304 2.9762 3.0221
3.1 3 .19 979 3.11 3.1 169 3.03 3.0 358 2.95 2.9 542 2.87 2.8 723
6.0369 6.0017 5.9662 5.9305 5.8944
280 285 290 295 300
6416 16..6 6914 14..6 7441 41..8 7999 99..0 8587 87..9
0.001 013 333 0.001 013 349 0.001 013 366 0.001 013 384 0.001 014 404
0.030153 0.027756 0.025554 0.023528 0.021659
1228.2 1253.7 1279.7 1306.0 1332.7
1358.2 1328.1 1296.9 1264.5 1230.9
258 586 6.4 258 581 1.8 257 576 6.5 257 570 0.5 256 563 3.6
1236. 6.7 7 1263. 3.1 1 1289. 9.8 8 1317. 7.1 1 1344. 4.8 8
1543.2 1510.7 1476.9 1441.6 1404.8
2779.9 277 277 27 73.7 276 27 66.7 275 27 58.7 274 27 49.6
3.0681 3.1144 3.1608 3.2076 3.2548
2.7 2 .78 898 2.70 2.7 066 2.62 2.6 225 2.53 2.5 374 2.45 2.4 511
5.8579 5.8210 5.7834 5.7450 5.7059
305 310 315 320 325
9209 09..4 9865 65..0 10,556 11,284 12,051
0.001 014 425 0.001 014 447 0.001 014 472 0.001 014 499 0.001 015 528
0.019932 0.018333 0.016849 0.015470 0.014183
1360.0 1387.7 1416.1 1445.1 1475.0
1195.9 1159.3 1121.1 1080.9 1038.5
255 555 5.8 254 547 7.1 253 537 7.2 252 526 6.0 251 513 3.4
1373. 3.1 1 1402. 2.0 0 1431. 1.6 6 1462. 2.0 0 1493. 3.4 4
1366.3 1325.9 1283.4 1238.5 1191.0
2739.4 273 272 27 27.9 271 27 15.0 270 27 00.6 268 26 84.3
3.3024 3.3506 3.3994 3.4491 3.4998
2.3 2 .36 633 2.27 2.2 737 2.18 2.1 821 2.08 2.0 881 1.99 1.9 911
5.6657 5.6243 5.5816 5.5372 5.4908
330 335 340 345 350
12,858 13,707 14,601 15,541 16,529
0.001560 0.001597 0.001638 0.001685 0.001741
0.012979 0.011848 0.010783 0.009772 0.008806
1505.7 1537.5 1570.7 1605.5 1642.4
993.5 945.5 893.8 837.7 775.9
2499.2 2483.0 2464.5 2443.2 2418.3
1525.8 1559.4 1594.6 1631.7 1671.2
1140.3 1086.0 1027.4 963.4 892.7
2666.0 2645.4 2622.0 2595.1 2563.9
3.5516 3.6050 3.6602 3.7179 3.7788
1 .8 .8906 1 .7 .7857 1 .6 .6756 1 .5 .5585 1 .4 .4326
5.4422 5.3907 5.3358 5.2765 5.2114
355 360 365 370 373.95
17,570 18,666 19,822 21,044 22,064
0.001808 0.001895 0.002015 0.002217 0.003106
0.007872 0.006950 0.006009 0.004953 0.003106
1682.2 1726.2 1777.2 1844.5 2015.7
706.4 625.7 526.4 385.6 0
2388.6 2351.9 2303.6 2230.1 2015.7
1714.0 1761.5 1817.2 1891.2 2084.3
812.9 720.1 605.5 443.1 0
2526.9 2481.6 2422.7 2334.3 2084.3
3.8442 3.9165 4.0004 4.1119 4.4070
1 .2 .2942 1 .1 .1373 0 .9 .9489 0 .6 .6890 0
5.1384 5.0537 4.9493 4.8009 4.4070
Evap., u fg
Sat. vapor, vap u g
Enthalpy, kJ/kg
Eva Ev ap., h fg
Sat. vapor, h g
Sat. liquid, s f
Sat. Evap., vapor, Ev s fg s g
Source: Tables A–4 through A–8 are generated using the Engineering Equation Solver (EES) software developed by S. A. Klein and F. L. Alvarado. The routine used in calculations is the highly accurate Steam_IAPWS, which incorporates the 1995 Formulation for the Thermodynamic Properties of Ordinary Water Substance for General and Scientific Use, issued by The International Association for the Properties of Water and Steam (IAPWS). This formulation replaces the 1984 formulation of Haar, Gallagher, and Kell (NBS/NRC Steam Tables, Hemisphere Publishing Co., 1984), which is also available in EES as the routine STEAM. The new formulation is based on the correlations of Saul and Wagner (J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 16, 893, 1987) with modifications to adjust to the International Temperature Scale of 1990. The modifications are described by Wagner and Pruss (J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 22, 783, 1993). The properties of ice are based on Hyland and Wexler, “Formulations for the Thermodynamic Properties of the Saturated Phases of H 2O from 173.15 K to 473.15 K,” ASHRAE Trans ., ., Part 2A, Paper 2793, 1983.
776
774
Çengel: Introduction to Thermodynamics and Heat Transfer, Second Edition
|
Back Matter
Appendix 1: Property Tables and Charts (SI Units)
© The McGraw−Hill Companies, 2008
Introduction to Thermodynamics and Heat Trans Transfer fer
TABLE A–5 Saturated water—Pressure table Specific volume, m3 /kg
Press., P kPa kPa
Sat. temp., T sat °C
Sat. liquid,
Sat. vapor,
v f
v g
Internal energy, kJ/kg
Sat. liquid, u f
Evap., u fg
Sat. vapor, u g
Enthalpy, kJ/kg
Sa S at. liquid, h f
Evap., h fg
1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0
6.9 .97 7 13.02 13.0 2 17.5 17 .50 0 21.0 21 .08 8 24.0 24 .08 8
0.0 .00 010 100 00 129. 129.1 19 0.0 .00 010 100 01 87. 7.9 964 0.0 .00 010 100 01 66. 6.9 990 0.0 .00 010 100 02 54. 4.2 242 0.0 .00 010 100 03 45. 5.6 654
29.3 .30 02 54.6 .68 86 73.4 .43 31 88.4 .42 22 100 00.9 .98 8
235 23 55. 5.2 2 2338. 233 8.1 1 232 23 25. 5.5 5 231 23 15. 5.4 4 230 23 06. 6.9 9
238 23 84. 4.5 5 2392. 239 2.8 8 239 23 98. 8.9 9 240 24 03. 3.8 8 240 24 07. 7.9 9
29.3 29 .30 03 54.68 54.6 88 73.4 73 .43 33 88.4 88 .42 24 100 00.9 .98 8
248 24 84. 4.4 4 2470. 247 0.1 1 245 24 59. 9.5 5 245 24 51. 1.0 0 244 443. 3.9 9
4.0 5.0 7.5 10 15
28.96 28.9 6 32.8 32 .87 7 40.2 40 .29 9 45.8 45 .81 1 53.9 53 .97 7
0.0 .00 010 100 04 0.0 .00 010 100 05 0.0 .00 010 100 08 0.0 .00 010 101 10 0.0 .00 010 101 14
121 21.3 .39 9 137 37.7 .75 5 168 68.7 .74 4 191 91.7 .79 9 225 25.9 .93 3
2293. 229 3.1 1 228 22 82. 2.1 1 226 22 61. 1.1 1 224 22 45. 5.4 4 222 22 22. 2.1 1
2414. 241 4.5 5 241 24 19. 9.8 8 242 24 29. 9.8 8 243 437. 7.2 2 244 448. 8.0 0
121 21.3 .39 9 137 37.7 .75 5 168 68.7 .75 5 191 91.8 .81 1 225 25.9 .94 4
20 25 30 40 50
60.06 60.0 6 64.9 64 .96 6 69.0 69 .09 9 75.8 75 .86 6 81.3 81 .32 2
0.0 .00 010 101 17 0.0 .00 010 102 20 0.0 .00 010 102 22 0.0 .00 010 102 26 0.0 .00 010 103 30
7.648 7.6 481 1 6.2 6. 203 034 4 5.2 5. 228 287 7 3.9 3. 993 933 3 3.2 3. 240 403 3
251.4 251 .40 0 271 27 1.9 .93 3 289 28 9.2 .24 4 317 31 7.5 .58 8 340 34 0.4 .49 9
2204. 220 4.6 6 219 21 90. 0.4 4 217 21 78. 8.5 5 215 21 58. 8.8 8 214 21 42. 2.7 7
2456. 245 6.0 0 246 24 62. 2.4 4 246 24 67. 7.7 7 247 24 76. 6.3 3 248 24 83. 3.2 2
75 91.7 91 .76 6 100 99.6 99 .61 1 101 01.3 .32 25 99 99.9 .97 7 125 105 05.9 .97 7 150 111 11.3 .35 5
0.0 .00 010 103 37 0.0 .00 010 104 43 0.00 0. 0010 1043 43 0.0 .00 010 104 48 0.0 .00 010 105 53
2.2 2. 217 172 2 1.694 1.6 941 1 1.67 1. 6734 34 1.3 1. 375 750 0 1.1 1. 159 594 4
384 38 4.3 .36 6 417 17.4 .40 0 418. 41 8.95 95 444 44 4.2 .23 3 466 46 6.9 .97 7
211 21 11. 1.8 8 2088. 208 8.2 2 2087 20 87.0 .0 206 20 68. 8.8 8 205 20 52. 2.3 3
175 200 225 250 275
116 16.0 .04 4 120 20.2 .21 1 123 23.9 .97 7 127 27.4 .41 1 130 30.5 .58 8
0.0 .00 010 105 57 0.0 .00 010 106 61 0.0 .00 010 106 64 0.0 .00 010 106 67 0.0 .00 010 107 70
1.003 1.0 037 7 0.8 0. 885 857 78 0.7 0. 793 932 29 0.7 0. 718 187 73 0.6 0. 657 573 32
486.8 486 .82 2 504.5 504 .50 0 520.4 520 .47 7 535.0 535 .08 8 548.5 548 .57 7
300 325 350 375 400
133 33.5 .52 2 136 36.2 .27 7 138 38.8 .86 6 141 41.3 .30 0 143 43.6 .61 1
0.0 .00 010 107 73 0.0 .00 010 107 76 0.0 .00 010 107 79 0.0 .00 010 108 81 0.0 .00 010 108 84
0.605 0.6 058 82 0.5 0. 561 619 99 0.5 0. 524 242 22 0.4 0. 491 913 33 0.4 0. 462 624 42
450 500 550 600 650
147 47.9 .90 0 151 51.8 .83 3 155 55.4 .46 6 158 58.8 .83 3 161 61.9 .98 8
0.0 .00 010 108 88 0.0 .00 010 109 93 0.0 .00 010 109 97 0.0 .00 011 110 01 0.0 .00 011 110 04
0.413 0.4 139 92 0.3 0. 374 748 83 0.3 0. 342 426 61 0.3 0. 315 156 60 0.2 0. 292 926 60
700 750
164 64.9 .95 5 167 67.7 .75 5
0.0 .00 011 110 08 0.0 .00 011 111 11
Entropy, kJ/kg · K
Sat. vapor, h g
Sat. liquid, s f
2513.7 251 252 25 24.7 2532.9 253 2539.4 253 2544.8 2544 .8
0.1 .10 059 0.19 0.1 956 0.26 0.2 606 0.31 0.3 118 0.35 0.3 543
Sat. vapor, vap s g
Evvap., E s fg 8.8 .86 690 8.6 8. 6314 8.4621 8.4 8.3302 8.3 8.2222 8.22 22
8.974 8.9 749 9 8.827 8.8 270 0 8.722 8.7 227 7 8.642 8.6 421 1 8.57 8.5 765
243 432. 2.3 3 2553 2553.7 .7 242 423. 3.0 0 2560 2560.7 .7 240 405. 5.3 3 2574 2574.0 .0 239 392. 2.1 1 25 2583 83.9 .9 237 372. 2.3 3 25 2598 98.3 .3
0.4 0 .42 224 8.05 8.0510 10 0.47 0.4 762 7.91 7.9176 76 0.57 0.5 763 7.67 7.6738 38 0.6 .64 492 7.4 7.49 996 0.7 .75 549 7.2 7.25 522
8.4 8 .47 734 8.39 8.3 938 8.25 8.2 501 8.1 .14 488 8.0 .00 071
251 51.4 .42 2 271 71.9 .96 6 289 89.2 .27 7 317 17.6 .62 2 340 40.5 .54 4
2357. 235 7.5 5 234 23 45. 5.5 5 233 23 35. 5.3 3 231 23 18. 8.4 4 230 23 04. 4.7 7
26 2 608 08.9 .9 2617 26 17.5 .5 2624 26 24.6 .6 2636 26 36.1 .1 2645 26 45.2 .2
0.8 .83 320 0.8 .89 932 0.9 .94 441 1.0 .02 261 1.0 .09 912
7.0 7 .07 752 6.93 6.9 370 6.82 6.8 234 6.64 6.6 430 6.50 6.5 019
7.9 .90 073 7.8 .83 302 7.7 .76 675 7.6 .66 691 7.5 .59 931
249 24 96. 6.1 1 2505. 250 5.6 6 2506 25 06.0 .0 251 25 13. 3.0 0 251 25 19. 9.2 2
384 84.4 .44 4 417 17.5 .51 1 419. 41 9.06 06 444 44.3 .36 6 467 67.1 .13 3
227 22 78. 8.0 0 225 257. 7.5 5 2256 22 56.5 .5 224 22 40. 0.6 6 222 22 26. 6.0 0
2662 26 62.4 .4 26 2 675 75.0 .0 2675.6 2675 .6 2684.9 2684 .9 2693.1 2693 .1
1.2 .21 132 6.2 6.24 426 1.3 .30 028 6.0 6.05 562 1.306 1.3 069 9 6.0 6.047 476 6 1.3 .37 741 5.9 5.91 100 1.4 .43 337 5.7 5.78 894
7.4 .45 558 7.3 .35 589 7.3545 7.354 5 7.284 7.2 841 1 7.223 7.2 231 1
2037. 203 7.7 7 202 20 24. 4.6 6 201 20 12. 2.7 7 200 20 01. 1.8 8 199 19 91. 1.6 6
2524. 252 4.5 5 252 25 29. 9.1 1 253 25 33. 3.2 2 253 25 36. 6.8 8 254 25 40. 0.1 1
487 87.0 .01 1 504 04.7 .71 1 520 20.7 .71 1 535 35.3 .35 5 548 48.8 .86 6
2213. 221 3.1 1 2700 2700.2 .2 220 22 01. 1.6 6 2706 06.3 .3 219 21 91. 1.0 0 2711 11.7 .7 218 21 81. 1.2 2 2716 16.5 .5 217 21 72. 2.0 0 2720 20.9 .9
1.4 .48 850 1.53 1.5 302 1.57 1.5 706 1.60 1.6 072 1.64 1.6 408
5.6 5 .68 865 5.5968 5.5 5.5171 5.5 5.4453 5.4 5.3800 5.3
7.1 7 .171 716 6 7.12 7.1 270 7.08 7.0 877 7.05 7.0 525 7.02 7.0 207
561 56 1.1 .11 1 572.8 572 .84 4 583.8 583 .89 9 594.3 594 .32 2 604.2 604 .22 2
1982. 198 2.1 1 197 19 73. 3.1 1 196 19 64. 4.6 6 195 19 56. 6.6 6 194 19 48. 8.9 9
2543. 254 3.2 2 254 25 45. 5.9 9 254 25 48. 8.5 5 255 25 50. 0.9 9 255 25 53. 3.1 1
561 61.4 .43 3 573 73.1 .19 9 584 84.2 .26 6 594 94.7 .73 3 604 04.6 .66 6
2163. 216 3.5 5 215 21 55. 5.4 4 214 21 47. 7.7 7 214 21 40. 0.4 4 213 21 33. 3.4 4
2724 24.9 .9 2728 28.6 .6 2732 32.0 .0 2735 35.1 .1 2738 38.1 .1
1.6 1 .67 717 1.70 1.7 005 1.72 1.7 274 1.75 1.7 526 1.77 1.7 765
5.3 5. 3200 5.2645 5.2 5.2128 5.2 5.1645 5.1 5.1191 5.1
6.9 6 .99 917 6.96 6.9 650 6.94 6.9 402 6.91 6.9 171 6.89 6.8 955
622 62 2.6 .65 5 639.5 639 .54 4 655.1 655 .16 6 669.7 669 .72 2 683.3 683 .37 7
1934. 193 4.5 5 192 19 21. 1.2 2 190 19 08. 8.8 8 189 18 97. 7.1 1 188 18 86. 6.1 1
2557. 255 7.1 1 256 25 60. 0.7 7 256 25 63. 3.9 9 256 25 66. 6.8 8 256 25 69. 9.4 4
623 23.1 .14 4 640 40.0 .09 9 655 55.7 .77 7 670 70.3 .38 8 684 84.0 .08 8
2120. 212 0.3 3 210 21 08. 8.0 0 209 20 96. 6.6 6 208 20 85. 5.8 8 207 20 75. 5.5 5
2743 43.4 .4 2748 48.1 .1 2752 52.4 .4 2756 56.2 .2 2759 59.6 .6
1.8 1 .82 205 1.86 1.8 604 1.89 1.8 970 1.93 1.9 308 1.96 1.9 623
5.0 5. 0356 4.9603 4.9 4.8916 4.8 4.8285 4.8 4.7699 4.7
6.8 6 .85 561 6.82 6.8 207 6.78 6.7 886 6.75 6.7 593 6.73 6.7 322
0.272 0.2 727 78 69 696 6.2 .23 3 0.2 0. 255 555 52 708 708.4 .40 0
1875. 187 5.6 6 186 18 65. 5.6 6
2571. 257 1.8 8 257 25 74. 4.0 0
697 97.0 .00 0 709 09.2 .24 4
2065. 206 5.8 8 205 20 56. 6.4 4
2762 62.8 .8 1 1.9 .99 918 4. 4.7 7153 6.7 6.70 071 276 765 5.7 2.0 2.01 195 4.6 4.6642 6.6 6.683 837 7
34. 4.7 791 28. 8.1 185 19. 9.2 233 14. 4.6 670 10. 0.0 020
(Continued)
Çengel: Introduction to Thermodynamics and Heat Transfer, Second Edition
Back Matter
Appendix 1: Property Tables and Charts (SI Units)
777
© The McGraw−Hill Companies, 2008
Appendix 1
|
775
TABLE A–5 Saturated water—Pressure table (Concluded ) Specific volume, m3 /kg
Sat. temp., T sat °C
Sat. liquid,
Sat. vapor,
v f
v g
800 800 850 85 0 900 90 0 950 95 0 1000 10 00
170.41 170. 41 172. 17 2.94 94 175. 17 5.35 35 177. 17 7.66 66 179. 17 9.88 88
0.0011 0.00 1115 15 0.00 0. 0011 1118 18 0.00 0. 0011 1121 21 0.00 0. 0011 1124 24 0.00 0. 0011 1127 27
0.2403 0.24 035 5 0.22 0. 2269 690 0 0.21 0. 2148 489 9 0.20 0. 2041 411 1 0.19 0. 1943 436 6
1100 1100 1200 12 00 1300 13 00 1400 14 00 1500 15 00
184.06 184. 06 187. 18 7.96 96 191. 19 1.60 60 195. 19 5.04 04 198. 19 8.29 29
0.0011 0.00 1133 33 0.00 0. 0011 1138 38 0.00 0. 0011 1144 44 0.00 0. 0011 1149 49 0.00 0. 0011 1154 54
0.1774 0.17 745 5 0.16 0. 1632 326 6 0.15 0. 1511 119 9 0.14 0. 1407 078 8 0.13 0. 1317 171 1
1750 1750 2000 20 00 2250 22 50 2500 25 00 3000 30 00
205.72 205. 72 212. 21 2.38 38 218. 21 8.41 41 223. 22 3.95 95 233. 23 3.85 85
3500 3500 4000 40 00 5000 50 00 6000 60 00 7000 70 00
Internal energy, kJ/kg
Evap., u fg
Sat. vapor, u g
Sat. liquid, h f
719.97 719. 97 731. 73 1.00 00 741. 74 1.55 55 751. 75 1.67 67 761. 76 1.39 39
1856.1 1856 .1 1846 18 46.9 .9 1838 18 38.1 .1 1829 18 29.6 .6 1821 18 21.4 .4
2576.0 2576 .0 2577 25 77.9 .9 2579 25 79.6 .6 2581 25 81.3 .3 2582 25 82.8 .8
779.78 779. 78 796. 79 6.96 96 813. 81 3.10 10 828. 82 8.35 35 842. 84 2.82 82
1805.7 1805 .7 1790 17 90.9 .9 1776 17 76.8 .8 1763 17 63.4 .4 1750 17 50.6 .6
2585.5 2585 .5 2587 25 87.8 .8 2589 25 89.9 .9 2591 25 91.8 .8 2593 25 93.4 .4
0.0011 0.00 1166 66 0.00 0. 0011 1177 77 0.00 0. 0011 1187 87 0.00 0. 0011 1197 97 0.00 0. 0012 1217 17
0.1134 0.11 344 4 876. 87 6.12 12 0.09 0. 0995 9587 87 90 906. 6.12 12 0.08 0. 0887 8717 17 93 933. 3.54 54 0.07 0. 0799 9952 52 95 958. 8.87 87 0.06 0. 0666 6667 67 100 1004. 4.6 6
242.56 242. 56 250. 25 0.35 35 263. 26 3.94 94 275. 27 5.59 59 285. 28 5.83 83
0.0012 0.00 1235 35 0.00 0. 0012 1252 52 0.00 0. 0012 1286 86 0.00 0. 0013 1319 19 0.00 0. 0013 1352 52
0.0570 0.05 7061 61 0.04 0. 0497 9779 79 0.03 0. 0394 9448 48 0.03 0. 0324 2449 49 0.02 0. 0273 7378 78
8000 8000 9000 90 00 10,0 10 ,000 00 11,0 11 ,000 00 12,0 12 ,000 00
295.01 295. 01 303. 30 3.35 35 311. 31 1.00 00 318. 31 8.08 08 324. 32 4.68 68
0.0013 0.00 1384 84 0.00 0. 0014 1418 18 0.00 0. 0014 1452 52 0.00 0. 0014 1488 88 0.00 0. 0015 1526 26
13,000 13,0 00 14,0 14 ,000 00 15,0 15 ,000 00 16,0 16 ,000 00 17,0 17 ,000 00
330.85 330. 85 336. 33 6.67 67 342. 34 2.16 16 347. 34 7.36 36 352. 35 2.29 29
18,000 18,0 00 19,0 19 ,000 00 20,0 20 ,000 00 21,0 21 ,000 00 22,0 22 ,000 00 22,064
356.99 356. 99 361. 36 1.47 47 365. 36 5.75 75 369. 36 9.83 83 373. 37 3.71 71 373.95
Press., P kPa kPa
Sat. liquid, u f
Enthalpy, kJ/kg
Entropy, kJ/kg · K
Evap., h fg
Sat. vapor, h g
Sat. liquid, s f
Sat. vapor, s g
Eva Ev ap., s fg
720.87 720. 87 731. 73 1.95 95 742. 74 2.56 56 752. 75 2.74 74 762. 76 2.51 51
2047.5 2047 .5 2038 20 38.8 .8 2030 20 30.5 .5 2022 20 22.4 .4 2014 20 14.6 .6
2768.3 2768 .3 2770 27 70.8 .8 2773 27 73.0 .0 2775 27 75.2 .2 2777 27 77.1 .1
2.0 2 .045 457 7 2.070 2.0 705 5 2.094 2.0 941 1 2.116 2.1 166 6 2.138 2.1 381 1
4.616 4.6 160 0 4.5705 4.570 5 4.5273 4.527 3 4.4862 4.486 2 4.4470 4.447 0
6.6616 6.66 16 6.64 6. 6409 09 6.62 6. 6213 13 6.60 6. 6027 27 6.58 6. 5850 50
781.03 781. 03 798. 79 8.33 33 814. 81 4.59 59 829. 82 9.96 96 844. 84 4.55 55
1999.6 1999 .6 1985 19 85.4 .4 1971 19 71.9 .9 1958 19 58.9 .9 1946 19 46.4 .4
2780.7 2780 .7 2783 27 83.8 .8 2786 27 86.5 .5 2788 27 88.9 .9 2791 27 91.0 .0
2.1 2 .178 785 5 2.215 2.2 159 9 2.250 2.2 508 8 2.283 2.2 835 5 2.314 2.3 143 3
4.373 4.3 735 5 4.3058 4.305 8 4.2428 4.242 8 4.1840 4.184 0 4.1287 4.128 7
6.5520 6.55 20 6.52 6. 5217 17 6.49 6. 4936 36 6.46 6. 4675 75 6.44 6. 4430 30
1720 17 20.6 .6 1693.0 1693 .0 1667 16 67.3 .3 1643 16 43.2 .2 1598 15 98.5 .5
2596 25 96.7 .7 87 878. 8.16 16 2599.1 2599 .1 90 908. 8.47 47 2600 26 00.9 .9 93 936. 6.21 21 2602 26 02.1 .1 96 961. 1.87 87 2603 26 03.2 .2 1008 1008.3 .3
1917 19 17.1 .1 1889.8 1889 .8 1864 18 64.3 .3 1840 18 40.1 .1 1794 17 94.9 .9
2795 27 95.2 .2 2798.3 2798 .3 2800 28 00.5 .5 2801 28 01.9 .9 2803 28 03.2 .2
2.384 2.3 844 4 2.44 2. 4467 67 2.5029 2.50 29 2.5542 2.55 42 2.6454 2.64 54
4.0033 4.003 3 3.892 3.8 923 3 3.7926 3.792 6 3.7016 3.701 6 3.5402 3.540 2
6.38 6. 3877 77 6.3390 6.33 90 6.29 6. 2954 54 6.25 6. 2558 58 6.18 6. 1856 56
1045. 104 5.4 4 1082.4 1082. 4 1148.1 1148. 1 1205.8 1205. 8 1258.0 1258. 0
1557.6 1557 .6 1519 15 19.3 .3 1448 14 48.9 .9 1384 13 84.1 .1 1323 13 23.0 .0
2603.0 2603 .0 2601 26 01.7 .7 2597 25 97.0 .0 2589 25 89.9 .9 2581 25 81.0 .0
1049.7 1049 .7 1087 10 87.4 .4 1154 11 54.5 .5 1213 12 13.8 .8 1267 12 67.5 .5
1753.0 1753 .0 1713 17 13.5 .5 1639 16 39.7 .7 1570 15 70.9 .9 1505 15 05.2 .2
2802.7 2802 .7 2800 28 00.8 .8 2794 27 94.2 .2 2784 27 84.6 .6 2772 27 72.6 .6
2.72 2. 7253 53 2.7966 2.79 66 2.9207 2.92 07 3.0275 3.02 75 3.1220 3.12 20
3.399 3.3 991 1 3.2731 3.273 1 3.0530 3.053 0 2.8627 2.862 7 2.6927 2.692 7
6.1244 6.12 44 6.06 6. 0696 96 5.97 5. 9737 37 5.89 5. 8902 02 5.81 5. 8148 48
0.0235 0.02 3525 25 0.02 0. 0204 0489 89 0.01 0. 0180 8028 28 0.01 0. 0159 5988 88 0.01 0. 0142 4264 64
1306. 130 6.0 0 1350.9 1350. 9 1393.3 1393 .3 1433.9 1433 .9 1473.0 1473 .0
1264.5 1264 .5 1207 12 07.6 .6 1151 11 51.8 .8 1096 10 96.6 .6 1041 10 41.3 .3
2570.5 2570 .5 2558 25 58.5 .5 2545 25 45.2 .2 2530 25 30.4 .4 2514 25 14.3 .3
1317.1 1317 .1 1363 13 63.7 .7 1407 14 07.8 .8 1450 14 50.2 .2 1491 14 91.3 .3
1441.6 1441 .6 1379 13 79.3 .3 1317 13 17.6 .6 1256 12 56.1 .1 1194 11 94.1 .1
2758.7 2758 .7 2742 27 42.9 .9 2725 27 25.5 .5 2706 27 06.3 .3 2685 26 85.4 .4
3.20 3. 2077 77 3.2866 3.28 66 3.3603 3.36 03 3.4299 3.42 99 3.4964 3.49 64
2.537 2.5 373 3 2.3925 2.392 5 2.2556 2.25 56 2.1245 2.12 45 1.9975 1.99 75
5.7450 5.74 50 5.67 5. 6791 91 5.6159 5.615 9 5.5544 5.554 4 5.4939 5.493 9
0.0015 0.00 1566 66 0.00 0. 0016 1610 10 0.00 0. 0016 1657 57 0.00 0. 0017 1710 10 0.00 0. 0017 1770 70
0.0127 0.01 2781 81 0.01 0. 0114 1487 87 0.01 0. 0103 0341 41 0.00 0. 0093 9312 12 0.00 0. 0083 8374 74
1511 15 11.0 .0 1548.4 1548 .4 1585.5 1585 .5 1622. 162 2.6 6 1660. 166 0.2 2
985.5 985. 5 928. 92 8.7 7 870. 87 0.3 3 809. 80 9.4 4 745. 74 5.1 1
2496.6 2496 .6 2477 24 77.1 .1 2455 24 55.7 .7 2432 24 32.0 .0 2405 24 05.4 .4
1531.4 1531 .4 1571 15 71.0 .0 1610 16 10.3 .3 1649 16 49.9 .9 1690 16 90.3 .3
1131.3 1131 .3 1067 10 67.0 .0 1000 10 00.5 .5 931. 93 1.1 1 857. 85 7.4 4
2662.7 2662 .7 2637 26 37.9 .9 2610 26 10.8 .8 2581 25 81.0 .0 2547 25 47.7 .7
3.56 3. 5606 06 3.6232 3.62 32 3.6848 3.68 48 3.746 3.7 461 1 3.808 3.8 082 2
1.87 1. 8730 30 1.7497 1.74 97 1.6261 1.62 61 1.5005 1.500 5 1.3709 1.370 9
5.43 5. 4336 36 5.3728 5.37 28 5.3108 5.31 08 5.2466 5.246 6 5.1791 5.179 1
0.0018 0.00 1840 40 0.00 0. 0019 1926 26 0.00 0. 0020 2038 38 0.00 0. 0022 2207 07 0.00 0. 0027 2703 03 0 .0 .003106
0.0075 0.00 7504 04 0.00 0. 0066 6677 77 0.00 0. 0058 5862 62 0.00 0. 0049 4994 94 0.00 0. 0036 3644 44 0.003106 0.
169 1 699. 9.1 1 1740. 174 0.3 3 1785. 178 5.8 8 1841. 184 1.6 6 1951. 195 1.7 7 2015.7
675.9 675. 9 598. 59 8.9 9 509. 50 9.0 0 391. 39 1.9 9 140. 14 0.8 8 0
2375.0 2375 .0 2339 23 39.2 .2 2294 22 94.8 .8 2233 22 33.5 .5 2092 20 92.4 .4 2015.7
1732.2 1732 .2 1776 17 76.8 .8 1826 18 26.6 .6 1888 18 88.0 .0 2011 20 11.1 .1 2084.3
777.8 777. 8 689. 68 9.2 2 585. 58 5.5 5 450. 45 0.4 4 161. 16 1.5 5 0
2510.0 2510 .0 2466 24 66.0 .0 2412 24 12.1 .1 2338 23 38.4 .4 2172 21 72.6 .6 2084.3
3.8 3 .872 720 0 3.939 3.9 396 6 4.014 4.0 146 6 4.107 4.1 071 1 4.294 4.2 942 2 4.4070
1.234 1.2 343 3 1.0860 1.086 0 0.9164 0.916 4 0.7005 0.700 5 0.2496 0.249 6 0
5.106 5.1 064 4 5.0256 5.025 6 4.9310 4.931 0 4.8076 4.807 6 4.5439 4.543 9 4.4070
778
776
Çengel: Introduction to Thermodynamics and Heat Transfer, Second Edition
|
Back Matter
Appendix 1: Property Tables and Charts (SI Units)
© The McGraw−Hill Companies, 2008
Introduction to Thermodynamics and Heat Transfer
TABLE A–6 Superheated water T °C
u kJ/kg
v
m3 /kg
h kJ/kg
s kJ/kg K
P 0.01 MPa (45.81°C)* †
Sat. 50 100 150 200 250 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300
14.670 14.867 17.196 19.513 21.826 24.136 26.446 31.063 35.680 40.296 44.911 49.527 54.143 58.758 63.373 67.989 72.604
2437.2 2443.3 2515.5 2587.9 2661.4 2736.1 2812.3 2969.3 3132.9 3303.3 3480.8 3665.4 3856.9 4055.3 4260.0 4470.9 4687.4
2583.9 2592.0 2687.5 2783.0 2879.6 2977.5 3076.7 3280.0 3489.7 3706.3 3929.9 4160.6 4398.3 4642.8 4893.8 5150.8 5413.4
8.1488 8.1741 8.4489 8.6893 8.9049 9.1015 9.2827 9.6094 9.8998 10.1631 10.4056 10.6312 10.8429 11.0429 11.2326 11.4132 11.5857
P 0.20 MPa (120.21°C)
Sat. 150 200 250 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300
0.88578 0.95986 1.08049 1.19890 1.31623 1.54934 1.78142 2.01302 2.24434 2.47550 2.70656 2.93755 3.16848 3.39938 3.63026
2529.1 2577.1 2654.6 2731.4 2808.8 2967.2 3131.4 3302.2 3479.9 3664.7 3856.3 4054.8 4259.6 4470.5 4687.1
2706.3 7.1270 2769.1 7.2810 2870.7 7.5081 2971.2 7.7100 3072.1 7.8941 3277.0 8.2236 3487.7 8.5153 3704.8 8.7793 3928.8 9.0221 4159.8 9.2479 4397.7 9.4598 4642.3 9.6599 4893.3 9.8497 5150.4 10.0304 5413.1 10.2029
P 0.50 MPa (151.83°C)
Sat. 200 250 300 350 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300
0.37483 0.42503 0.47443 0.52261 0.57015 0.61731 0.71095 0.80409 0.89696 0.98966 1.08227 1.17480 1.26728 1.35972 1.45214
2560.7 2643.3 2723.8 2803.3 2883.0 2963.7 3129.0 3300.4 3478.6 3663.6 3855.4 4054.0 4259.0 4470.0 4686.6
2748.1 2855.8 2961.0 3064.6 3168.1 3272.4 3484.5 3702.5 3927.0 4158.4 4396.6 4641.4 4892.6 5149.8 5412.6
6.8207 7.0610 7.2725 7.4614 7.6346 7.7956 8.0893 8.3544 8.5978 8.8240 9.0362 9.2364 9.4263 9.6071 9.7797
u kJ/kg
v
m3 /kg
h kJ/kg
P 0.05 MPa (81.32°C)
2483.2
2645.2
7.5931
3.4187 3.8897 4.3562 4.8206 5.2841 6.2094 7.1338 8.0577 8.9813 9.9047 10.8280 11.7513 12.6745 13.5977 14.5209
2511.5 2585.7 2660.0 2735.1 2811.6 2968.9 3132.6 3303.1 3480.6 3665.2 3856.8 4055.2 4259.9 4470.8 4687.3
2682.4 2780.2 2877.8 2976.2 3075.8 3279.3 3489.3 3706.0 3929.7 4160.4 4398.2 4642.7 4893.7 5150.7 5413.3
7.6953 7.9413 8.1592 8.3568 8.5387 8.8659 9.1566 9.4201 9.6626 9.8883 10.1000 10.3000 10.4897 10.6704 10.8429
P 0.30 MPa (133.52°C)
0.60582 0.63402 0.71643 0.79645 0.87535 1.03155 1.18672 1.34139 1.49580 1.65004 1.80417 1.95824 2.11226 2.26624 2.42019
2543.2 2571.0 2651.0 2728.9 2807.0 2966.0 3130.6 3301.6 3479.5 3664.3 3856.0 4054.5 4259.4 4470.3 4686.9
2724.9 6.9917 2761.2 7.0792 2865.9 7.3132 2967.9 7.5180 3069.6 7.7037 3275.5 8.0347 3486.6 8.3271 3704.0 8.5915 3928.2 8.8345 4159.3 9.0605 4397.3 9.2725 4642.0 9.4726 4893.1 9.6624 5150.2 9.8431 5413.0 10.0157
P 0.60 MPa (158.83°C)
0.31560 0.35212 0.39390 0.43442 0.47428 0.51374 0.59200 0.66976 0.74725 0.82457 0.90179 0.97893 1.05603 1.13309 1.21012
2566.8 2639.4 2721.2 2801.4 2881.6 2962.5 3128.2 3299.8 3478.1 3663.2 3855.1 4053.8 4258.8 4469.8 4686.4
2756.2 2850.6 2957.6 3062.0 3166.1 3270.8 3483.4 3701.7 3926.4 4157.9 4396.2 4641.1 4892.4 5149.6 5412.5
Properties of saturated vapor at the specified pressure.
v
m3 /kg
u kJ/kg
h kJ/kg
s kJ/kg K
P 0.10 MPa (99.61°C)
3.2403
*The temperature in parentheses is the saturation temperature at the specified pressure. †
s kJ/kg K
6.7593 6.9683 7.1833 7.3740 7.5481 7.7097 8.0041 8.2695 8.5132 8.7395 8.9518 9.1521 9.3420 9.5229 9.6955
1.6941 2505.6
2675.0
1.6959 1.9367 2.1724 2.4062 2.6389 3.1027 3.5655 4.0279 4.4900 4.9519 5.4137 5.8755 6.3372 6.7988 7.2605
2675.8 7.3611 2776.6 7.6148 2875.5 7.8356 2974.5 8.0346 3074.5 8.2172 3278.6 8.5452 3488.7 8.8362 3705.6 9.0999 3929.4 9.3424 4160.2 9.5682 4398.0 9.7800 4642.6 9.9800 4893.6 10.1698 5150.6 10.3504 5413.3 10.5229
2506.2 2582.9 2658.2 2733.9 2810.7 2968.3 3132.2 3302.8 3480.4 3665.0 3856.7 4055.0 4259.8 4470.7 4687.2
7.3589
P 0.40 MPa (143.61°C)
0.46242 0.47088 0.53434 0.59520 0.65489 0.77265 0.88936 1.00558 1.12152 1.23730 1.35298 1.46859 1.58414 1.69966 1.81516
2553.1 2564.4 2647.2 2726.4 2805.1 2964.9 3129.8 3301.0 3479.0 3663.9 3855.7 4054.3 4259.2 4470.2 4686.7
2738.1 2752.8 2860.9 2964.5 3067.1 3273.9 3485.5 3703.3 3927.6 4158.9 4396.9 4641.7 4892.9 5150.0 5412.8
6.8955 6.9306 7.1723 7.3804 7.5677 7.9003 8.1933 8.4580 8.7012 8.9274 9.1394 9.3396 9.5295 9.7102 9.8828
P 0.80 MPa (170.41°C)
0.24035 0.26088 0.29321 0.32416 0.35442 0.38429 0.44332 0.50186 0.56011 0.61820 0.67619 0.73411 0.79197 0.84980 0.90761
2576.0 2631.1 2715.9 2797.5 2878.6 2960.2 3126.6 3298.7 3477.2 3662.5 3854.5 4053.3 4258.3 4469.4 4686.1
2768.3 2839.8 2950.4 3056.9 3162.2 3267.7 3481.3 3700.1 3925.3 4157.0 4395.5 4640.5 4891.9 5149.3 5412.2
6.6616 6.8177 7.0402 7.2345 7.4107 7.5735 7.8692 8.1354 8.3794 8.6061 8.8185 9.0189 9.2090 9.3898 9.5625
Çengel: Introduction to Thermodynamics and Heat Transfer, Second Edition
Back Matter
Appendix 1: Property Tables and Charts (SI Units)
779
© The McGraw−Hill Companies, 2008
Appendix 1
|
777
TABLE A–6 Superheated water (Continued ) T °C
u kJ/kg
v
m3 /kg
h kJ/kg
s v kJ/kg K m3 /kg
P 1.00 MPa (179.88C)
Sat. 200 250 300 350 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300
0.19437 0.20602 0.23275 0.25799 0.28250 0.30661 0.35411 0.40111 0.44783 0.49438 0.54083 0.58721 0.63354 0.67983 0.72610
2582.8 2622.3 2710.4 2793.7 2875.7 2957.9 3125.0 3297.5 3476.3 3661.7 3853.9 4052.7 4257.9 4469.0 4685.8
2777.1 2828.3 2943.1 3051.6 3158.2 3264.5 3479.1 3698.6 3924.1 4156.1 4394.8 4640.0 4891.4 5148.9 5411.9
6.5850 6.6956 6.9265 7.1246 7.3029 7.4670 7.7642 8.0311 8.2755 8.5024 8.7150 8.9155 9.1057 9.2866 9.4593
P 1.60 MPa (201.37C)
Sat. 225 250 300 350 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300
0.12374 0.13293 0.14190 0.15866 0.17459 0.19007 0.22029 0.24999 0.27941 0.30865 0.33780 0.36687 0.39589 0.42488 0.45383
2594.8 2792.8 2645.1 2857.8 2692.9 2919.9 2781.6 3035.4 2866.6 3146.0 2950.8 3254.9 3120.1 3472.6 3293.9 3693.9 3473.5 3920.5 3659.5 4153.4 3852.1 4392.6 4051.2 4638.2 4256.6 4890.0 4467.9 5147.7 4684.8 5410.9
6.4200 6.5537 6.6753 6.8864 7.0713 7.2394 7.5410 7.8101 8.0558 8.2834 8.4965 8.6974 8.8878 9.0689 9.2418
P 2.50 MPa (223.95C)
Sat. 225 250 300 350 400 450 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300
0.07995 0.08026 0.08705 0.09894 0.10979 0.12012 0.13015 0.13999 0.15931 0.17835 0.19722 0.21597 0.23466 0.25330 0.27190 0.29048
2602.1 2604.8 2663.3 2762.2 2852.5 2939.8 3026.2 3112.8 3288.5 3469.3 3656.2 3849.4 4049.0 4254.7 4466.3 4683.4
2801.9 6.2558 2805.5 6.2629 2880.9 6.4107 3009.6 6.6459 3127.0 6.8424 3240.1 7.0170 3351.6 7.1768 3462.8 7.3254 3686.8 7.5979 3915.2 7.8455 4149.2 8.0744 4389.3 8.2882 4635.6 8.4897 4887.9 8.6804 5146.0 8.8618 5409.5 9.0349
u kJ/kg
h kJ/kg
s kJ/kg K
P 1.20 MPa (187.96 C)
0.16326 0.16934 0.19241 0.21386 0.23455 0.25482 0.29464 0.33395 0.37297 0.41184 0.45059 0.48928 0.52792 0.56652 0.60509
2587.8 2612.9 2704.7 2789.7 2872.7 2955.5 3123.4 3296.3 3475.3 3661.0 3853.3 4052.2 4257.5 4468.7 4685.5
2783.8 2816.1 2935.6 3046.3 3154.2 3261.3 3477.0 3697.0 3922.9 4155.2 4394.0 4639.4 4891.0 5148.5 5411.6
6.5217 6.5909 6.8313 7.0335 7.2139 7.3793 7.6779 7.9456 8.1904 8.4176 8.6303 8.8310 9.0212 9.2022 9.3750
P 1.80 MPa (207.11 C)
0.11037 0.11678 0.12502 0.14025 0.15460 0.16849 0.19551 0.22200 0.24822 0.27426 0.30020 0.32606 0.35188 0.37766 0.40341
2597.3 2637.0 2686.7 2777.4 2863.6 2948.3 3118.5 3292.7 3472.6 3658.8 3851.5 4050.7 4256.2 4467.6 4684.5
2795.9 2847.2 2911.7 3029.9 3141.9 3251.6 3470.4 3692.3 3919.4 4152.4 4391.9 4637.6 4889.6 5147.3 5410.6
6.3775 6.4825 6.6088 6.8246 7.0120 7.1814 7.4845 7.7543 8.0005 8.2284 8.4417 8.6427 8.8331 9.0143 9.1872
P 3.00 MPa (233.85 C)
v
m3 /kg
u kJ/kg
h kJ/kg
s kJ/kg K
P 1.40 MPa (195.04 C)
0.14078 0.14303 0.16356 0.18233 0.20029 0.21782 0.25216 0.28597 0.31951 0.35288 0.38614 0.41933 0.45247 0.48558 0.51866
2591.8 2602.7 2698.9 2785.7 2869.7 2953.1 3121.8 3295.1 3474.4 3660.3 3852.7 4051.7 4257.0 4468.3 4685.1
2788.9 2803.0 2927.9 3040.9 3150.1 3258.1 3474.8 3695.5 3921.7 4154.3 4393.3 4638.8 4890.5 5148.1 5411.3
6.4675 6.4975 6.7488 6.9553 7.1379 7.3046 7.6047 7.8730 8.1183 8.3458 8.5587 8.7595 8.9497 9.1308 9.3036
P 2.00 MPa (212.38 C)
0.09959 0.10381 0.11150 0.12551 0.13860 0.15122 0.17568 0.19962 0.22326 0.24674 0.27012 0.29342 0.31667 0.33989 0.36308
2599.1 2798.3 6.3390 2628.5 2836.1 6.4160 2680.3 2903.3 6.5475 2773.2 3024.2 6.7684 2860.5 3137.7 6.9583 2945.9 3248.4 7.1292 3116.9 3468.3 7.4337 3291.5 3690.7 7.7043 3471.7 3918.2 7.9509 3658.0 4151.5 8.1791 3850.9 4391.1 8.3925 4050.2 4637.1 8.5936 4255.7 4889.1 8.7842 4467.2 5147.0 8.9654 4684.2 5410.3 9.1384
P 3.50 MPa (242.56 C)
0.06667
2603.2
2803.2
6.1856
0.05706
2603.0
2802.7 6.1244
0.07063 0.08118 0.09056 0.09938 0.10789 0.11620 0.13245 0.14841 0.16420 0.17988 0.19549 0.21105 0.22658 0.24207
2644.7 2750.8 2844.4 2933.6 3021.2 3108.6 3285.5 3467.0 3654.3 3847.9 4047.7 4253.6 4465.3 4682.6
2856.5 2994.3 3116.1 3231.7 3344.9 3457.2 3682.8 3912.2 4146.9 4387.5 4634.2 4886.7 5145.1 5408.8
6.2893 6.5412 6.7450 6.9235 7.0856 7.2359 7.5103 7.7590 7.9885 8.2028 8.4045 8.5955 8.7771 8.9502
0.05876 0.06845 0.07680 0.08456 0.09198 0.09919 0.11325 0.12702 0.14061 0.15410 0.16751 0.18087 0.19420 0.20750
2624.0 2829.7 2738.8 2978.4 2836.0 3104.9 2927.2 3223.2 3016.1 3338.1 3104.5 3451.7 3282.5 3678.9 3464.7 3909.3 3652.5 4144.6 3846.4 4385.7 4046.4 4632.7 4252.5 4885.6 4464.4 5144.1 4681.8 5408.0
6.1764 6.4484 6.6601 6.8428 7.0074 7.1593 7.4357 7.6855 7.9156 8.1304 8.3324 8.5236 8.7053 8.8786
780
778
Çengel: Introduction to Thermodynamics and Heat Transfer, Second Edition
|
Back Matter
Appendix 1: Property Tables and Charts (SI Units)
© The McGraw−Hill Companies, 2008
Introduction to Thermodynamics and Heat Transfer
TABLE A–6 Superheated water (Continued ) T °C
u kJ/kg
v
3
m /kg
h kJ/kg
v s kJ/kg K m3 /kg
P 4.0 MPa (250.35 C)
Sat. 275 300 350 400 450 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300
0.04978 0.05461 0.05887 0.06647 0.07343 0.08004 0.08644 0.09886 0.11098 0.12292 0.13476 0.14653 0.15824 0.16992 0.18157
2601.7 2668.9 2726.2 2827.4 2920.8 3011.0 3100.3 3279.4 3462.4 3650.6 3844.8 4045.1 4251.4 4463.5 4680.9
2800.8 2887.3 2961.7 3093.3 3214.5 3331.2 3446.0 3674.9 3906.3 4142.3 4383.9 4631.2 4884.4 5143.2 5407.2
6.0696 6.2312 6.3639 6.5843 6.7714 6.9386 7.0922 7.3706 7.6214 7.8523 8.0675 8.2698 8.4612 8.6430 8.8164
P 6.0 MPa (275.59 C)
Sat. 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300
0.03245 0.03619 0.04225 0.04742 0.05217 0.05667 0.06102 0.06527 0.07355 0.08165 0.08964 0.09756 0.10543 0.11326 0.12107
2589.9 2668.4 2790.4 2893.7 2989.9 3083.1 3175.2 3267.2 3453.0 3643.2 3838.8 4040.1 4247.1 4459.8 4677.7
2784.6 2885.6 3043.9 3178.3 3302.9 3423.1 3541.3 3658.8 3894.3 4133.1 4376.6 4625.4 4879.7 5139.4 5404.1
5.8902 6.0703 6.3357 6.5432 6.7219 6.8826 7.0308 7.1693 7.4247 7.6582 7.8751 8.0786 8.2709 8.4534 8.6273
P 9.0 MPa (303.35 C)
Sat. 325 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300
0.020489 2558.5 0.023284 2647.6 0.025816 2725.0 0.029960 2849.2 0.033524 2956.3 0.036793 3056.3 0.039885 3153.0 0.042861 3248.4 0.045755 3343.4 0.048589 3438.8 0.054132 3632.0 0.059562 3829.6 0.064919 4032.4 0.070224 4240.7 0.075492 4454.2 0.080733 4672.9
2742.9 2857.1 2957.3 3118.8 3258.0 3387.4 3512.0 3634.1 3755.2 3876.1 4119.2 4365.7 4616.7 4872.7 5133.6 5399.5
5.6791 5.8738 6.0380 6.2876 6.4872 6.6603 6.8164 6.9605 7.0954 7.2229 7.4606 7.6802 7.8855 8.0791 8.2625 8.4371
u kJ/kg
h kJ/kg
v s kJ/kg K m3 /kg
P 4.5 MPa (257.44 C)
0.04406 0.04733 0.05138 0.05842 0.06477 0.07076 0.07652 0.08766 0.09850 0.10916 0.11972 0.13020 0.14064 0.15103 0.16140
2599.7 2651.4 2713.0 2818.6 2914.2 3005.8 3096.0 3276.4 3460.0 3648.8 3843.3 4043.9 4250.4 4462.6 4680.1
2798.0 2864.4 2944.2 3081.5 3205.7 3324.2 3440.4 3670.9 3903.3 4140.0 4382.1 4629.8 4883.2 5142.2 5406.5
6.0198 6.1429 6.2854 6.5153 6.7071 6.8770 7.0323 7.3127 7.5647 7.7962 8.0118 8.2144 8.4060 8.5880 8.7616
P 7.0 MPa (285.83 C)
0.027378 0.029492 0.035262 0.039958 0.044187 0.048157 0.051966 0.055665 0.062850 0.069856 0.076750 0.083571 0.090341 0.097075 0.103781
2581.0 2633.5 2770.1 2879.5 2979.0 3074.3 3167.9 3261.0 3448.3 3639.5 3835.7 4037.5 4245.0 4457.9 4676.1
2772.6 2839.9 3016.9 3159.2 3288.3 3411.4 3531.6 3650.6 3888.3 4128.5 4373.0 4622.5 4877.4 5137.4 5402.6
5.8148 5.9337 6.2305 6.4502 6.6353 6.8000 6.9507 7.0910 7.3487 7.5836 7.8014 8.0055 8.1982 8.3810 8.5551
P 10.0 MPa (311.00 C)
0.018028 0.019877 0.022440 0.026436 0.029782 0.032811 0.035655 0.038378 0.041018 0.043597 0.048629 0.053547 0.058391 0.063183 0.067938 0.072667
2545.2 2611.6 2699.6 2833.1 2944.5 3047.0 3145.4 3242.0 3338.0 3434.0 3628.2 3826.5 4029.9 4238.5 4452.4 4671.3
2725.5 2810.3 2924.0 3097.5 3242.4 3375.1 3502.0 3625.8 3748.1 3870.0 4114.5 4362.0 4613.8 4870.3 5131.7 5398.0
5.6159 5.7596 5.9460 6.2141 6.4219 6.5995 6.7585 6.9045 7.0408 7.1693 7.4085 7.6290 7.8349 8.0289 8.2126 8.3874
u kJ/kg
h kJ/kg
s kJ/kg K
P 5.0 MPa (263.94 C)
0.03945 0.04144 0.04535 0.05197 0.05784 0.06332 0.06858 0.07870 0.08852 0.09816 0.10769 0.11715 0.12655 0.13592 0.14527
2597.0 2632.3 2699.0 2809.5 2907.5 3000.6 3091.8 3273.3 3457.7 3646.9 3841.8 4042.6 4249.3 4461.6 4679.3
2794.2 2839.5 2925.7 3069.3 3196.7 3317.2 3434.7 3666.9 3900.3 4137.7 4380.2 4628.3 4882.1 5141.3 5405.7
5.9737 6.0571 6.2111 6.4516 6.6483 6.8210 6.9781 7.2605 7.5136 7.7458 7.9619 8.1648 8.3566 8.5388 8.7124
P 8.0 MPa (295.01 C)
0.023525 0.024279 0.029975 0.034344 0.038194 0.041767 0.045172 0.048463 0.054829 0.061011 0.067082 0.073079 0.079025 0.084934 0.090817
2570.5 2592.3 2748.3 2864.6 2967.8 3065.4 3160.5 3254.7 3443.6 3635.7 3832.7 4035.0 4242.8 4456.1 4674.5
2758.7 2786.5 2988.1 3139.4 3273.3 3399.5 3521.8 3642.4 3882.2 4123.8 4369.3 4619.6 4875.0 5135.5 5401.0
5.7450 5.7937 6.1321 6.3658 6.5579 6.7266 6.8800 7.0221 7.2822 7.5185 7.7372 7.9419 8.1350 8.3181 8.4925
P 12.5 MPa (327.81 C)
0.013496 2505.6
2674.3 5.4638
0.016138 0.020030 0.023019 0.025630 0.028033 0.030306 0.032491 0.034612 0.038724 0.042720 0.046641 0.050510 0.054342 0.058147
2826.6 3040.0 3201.5 3343.6 3476.5 3604.6 3730.2 3854.6 4102.8 4352.9 4606.5 4864.5 5127.0 5394.1
2624.9 2789.6 2913.7 3023.2 3126.1 3225.8 3324.1 3422.0 3618.8 3818.9 4023.5 4233.1 4447.7 4667.3
5.7130 6.0433 6.2749 6.4651 6.6317 6.7828 6.9227 7.0540 7.2967 7.5195 7.7269 7.9220 8.1065 8.2819
Çengel: Introduction to Thermodynamics and Heat Transfer, Second Edition
Back Matter
Appendix 1: Property Tables and Charts (SI Units)
781
© The McGraw−Hill Companies, 2008
Appendix 1
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779
u kJ/kg
s kJ/kg K
TABLE A–6 Superheated water (Concluded ) T °C
u kJ/kg
v
3
m /kg
h kJ/kg
s kJ/kg K
P 15.0 MPa (342.16 C)
Sat. 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300
0.010341 0.011481 0.015671 0.018477 0.020828 0.022945 0.024921 0.026804 0.028621 0.032121 0.035503 0.038808 0.042062 0.045279 0.048469
2455.7 2520.9 2740.6 2880.8 2998.4 3106.2 3209.3 3310.1 3409.8 3609.3 3811.2 4017.1 4227.7 4443.1 4663.3
2610.8 2693.1 2975.7 3157.9 3310.8 3450.4 3583.1 3712.1 3839.1 4091.1 4343.7 4599.2 4858.6 5122.3 5390.3
5.3108 5.4438 5.8819 6.1434 6.3480 6.5230 6.6796 6.8233 6.9573 7.2037 7.4288 7.6378 7.8339 8.0192 8.1952
v
3
m /kg
0.001978 0.006005 0.007886 0.009176 0.011143 0.012736 0.014140 0.015430 0.016643 0.018922 0.021075 0.023150 0.025172 0.027157 0.029115
1799.9 2428.5 2607.8 2721.2 2887.3 3020.8 3140.0 3251.9 3359.9 3570.7 3780.2 3991.5 4206.1 4424.6 4647.2
1849.4 2578.7 2805.0 2950.6 3165.9 3339.2 3493.5 3637.7 3776.0 4043.8 4307.1 4570.2 4835.4 5103.5 5375.1
0.001641 0.001911 0.002538 0.003692 0.005623 0.006985 0.008089 0.009053 0.009930 0.011521 0.012980 0.014360 0.015686 0.016976 0.018239
1677.0 1855.0 2097.5 2364.2 2681.6 2875.1 3026.8 3159.5 3282.0 3511.8 3733.3 3952.9 4173.7 4396.9 4623.3
1742.6 1931.4 2199.0 2511.8 2906.5 3154.4 3350.4 3521.6 3679.2 3972.6 4252.5 4527.3 4801.1 5075.9 5352.8
v s kJ/kg K m3 /kg
P 20.0 MPa (365.75 C)
0.005862 2294.8 2412.1
4.9310
0.012463 0.015204 0.017385 0.019305 0.021073 0.022742 0.024342 0.027405 0.030348 0.033215 0.036029 0.038806 0.041556
0.009950 0.012721 0.014793 0.016571 0.018185 0.019695 0.021134 0.023870 0.026484 0.029020 0.031504 0.033952 0.036371
5.5526 5.9043 6.1446 6.3390 6.5075 6.6593 6.7991 7.0531 7.2829 7.4950 7.6933 7.8802 8.0574
2684.3 2845.4 2972.4 3085.8 3192.5 3295.8 3397.5 3599.7 3803.5 4010.7 4222.3 4438.5 4659.2
2902.4 3111.4 3276.7 3423.6 3561.3 3693.8 3823.5 4079.3 4334.6 4592.0 4852.8 5117.6 5386.5
5.7211 6.0212 6.2424 6.4266 6.5890 6.7366 6.8735 7.1237 7.3511 7.5616 7.7588 7.9449 8.1215
P 30.0 MPa
4.0345 5.1400 5.4708 5.6759 5.9643 6.1816 6.3637 6.5243 6.6702 6.9322 7.1668 7.3821 7.5825 7.7710 7.9494
0.001792 0.002798 0.005299 0.006737 0.008691 0.010175 0.011445 0.012590 0.013654 0.015628 0.017473 0.019240 0.020954 0.022630 0.024279
1738.1 2068.9 2452.9 2618.9 2824.0 2974.5 3103.4 3221.7 3334.3 3551.2 3764.6 3978.6 4195.2 4415.3 4639.2
1791.9 2152.8 2611.8 2821.0 3084.8 3279.7 3446.8 3599.4 3743.9 4020.0 4288.8 4555.8 4823.9 5094.2 5367.6
0.001560 0.001731 0.002009 0.002487 0.003890 0.005118 0.006108 0.006957 0.007717 0.009073 0.010296 0.011441 0.012534 0.013590 0.014620
1638.6 1787.8 1960.3 2160.3 2528.1 2769.5 2947.1 3095.6 3228.7 3472.2 3702.0 3927.4 4152.2 4378.6 4607.5
1716.6 1874.4 2060.7 2284.7 2722.6 3025.4 3252.6 3443.5 3614.6 3925.8 4216.8 4499.4 4778.9 5058.1 5338.5
2617.9 2807.3 2945.3 3064.7 3175.3 3281.4 3385.1 3590.1 3795.7 4004.3 4216.9 4433.8 4655.2
2816.9 3061.7 3241.2 3396.2 3539.0 3675.3 3807.8 4067.5 4325.4 4584.7 4847.0 5112.9 5382.7
P 35.0 MPa
3.9313 4.4758 5.1473 5.4422 5.7956 6.0403 6.2373 6.4074 6.5599 6.8301 7.0695 7.2880 7.4906 7.6807 7.8602
0.001701 0.002105 0.003434 0.004957 0.006933 0.008348 0.009523 0.010565 0.011523 0.013278 0.014904 0.016450 0.017942 0.019398 0.020827
P 50.0 MPa
3.8290 4.1145 4.5044 4.9449 5.4744 5.7857 6.0170 6.2078 6.3740 6.6613 6.9107 7.1355 7.3425 7.5357 7.7175
h kJ/kg
0.007932 2390.7 2529.5 5.1435
P 40.0 MPa
375 400 425 450 500 550 600 650 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300
h kJ/kg
P 17.5 MPa (354.67 C)
P 25.0 MPa
375 400 425 450 500 550 600 650 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300
u kJ/kg
1702.8 1914.9 2253.3 2497.5 2755.3 2925.8 3065.6 3190.9 3308.3 3531.6 3749.0 3965.8 4184.4 4406.1 4631.2
1762.4 1988.6 2373.5 2671.0 2997.9 3218.0 3399.0 3560.7 3711.6 3996.3 4270.6 4541.5 4812.4 5085.0 5360.2
3.8724 4.2144 4.7751 5.1946 5.6331 5.9093 6.1229 6.3030 6.4623 6.7409 6.9853 7.2069 7.4118 7.6034 7.7841
P 60.0 MPa
3.7642 4.0029 4.2746 4.5896 5.1762 5.5563 5.8245 6.0373 6.2179 6.5225 6.7819 7.0131 7.2244 7.4207 7.6048
0.001503 0.001633 0.001816 0.002086 0.002952 0.003955 0.004833 0.005591 0.006265 0.007456 0.008519 0.009504 0.010439 0.011339 0.012213
1609.7 1745.2 1892.9 2055.1 2393.2 2664.6 2866.8 3031.3 3175.4 3432.6 3670.9 3902.0 4130.9 4360.5 4591.8
1699.9 1843.2 2001.8 2180.2 2570.3 2901.9 3156.8 3366.8 3551.3 3880.0 4182.1 4472.2 4757.3 5040.8 5324.5
3.7149 3.9317 4.1630 4.4140 4.9356 5.3517 5.6527 5.8867 6.0814 6.4033 6.6725 6.9099 7.1255 7.3248 7.5111
782
780
Çengel: Introduction to Thermodynamics and Heat Transfer, Second Edition
|
Back Matter
Appendix 1: Property Tables and Charts (SI Units)
© The McGraw−Hill Companies, 2008
Introduction to Thermodynamics and Heat Transfer
TABLE A–7 Compressed liquid water T °C
u kJ/kg
v
3
m /kg
h kJ/kg
v s kJ/kg K m3 /kg
P 5 MPa (263.94 C) Sat. 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340
0.0012862 1148.1 1154.5 0.0009977 0.04 5.03 0.0009996 83.61 88.61 0.0010057 166.92 171.95 0.0010149 250.29 255.36 0.0010267 333.82 338.96 0.0010410 417.65 422.85 0.0010576 501.91 507.19 0.0010769 586.80 592.18 0.0010988 672.55 678.04 0.0011240 759.47 765.09 0.0011531 847.92 853.68 0.0011868 938.39 944.32 0.0012268 1031.6 1037.7 0.0012755 1128.5 1134.9
u kJ/kg
0.0020378 0.0009904 0.0009929 0.0009992 0.0010084 0.0010199 0.0010337 0.0010496 0.0010679 0.0010886 0.0011122 0.0011390 0.0011697 0.0012053 0.0012472 0.0012978 0.0013611 0.0014450 0.0015693 0.0018248
1785.8 0.23 82.71 165.17 247.75 330.50 413.50 496.85 580.71 665.28 750.78 837.49 925.77 1016.1 1109.0 1205.6 1307.2 1416.6 1540.2 1703.6
1826.6 20.03 102.57 185.16 267.92 350.90 434.17 517.84 602.07 687.05 773.02 860.27 949.16 1040.2 1134.0 1231.5 1334.4 1445.5 1571.6 1740.1
v s kJ/kg K m3 /kg
P 10 MPa (311.00 C) 2.9207 0.0001 0 .2954 0.5705 0.8287 1.0723 1.3034 1.5236 1.7344 1.9374 2.1338 2.3251 2.5127 2.6983 2.8841
0.0014522 0.0009952 0.0009973 0.0010035 0.0010127 0.0010244 0.0010385 0.0010549 0.0010738 0.0010954 0.0011200 0.0011482 0.0011809 0.0012192 0.0012653 0.0013226 0.0013980
P 20 MPa (365.75C) Sat. 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340 360 380
h kJ/kg
1393.3 0.12 83.31 166.33 249.43 332.69 416.23 500.18 584.72 670.06 756.48 844.32 934.01 1026.2 1121.6 1221.8 1329.4
1407.9 10.07 93.28 176.37 259.55 342.94 426.62 510.73 595.45 681.01 767.68 855.80 945.82 1038.3 1134.3 1235.0 1343.3
u kJ/kg
0.0009857 0.0009886 0.0009951 0.0010042 0.0010155 0.0010290 0.0010445 0.0010623 0.0010823 0.0011049 0.0011304 0.0011595 0.0011927 0.0012314 0.0012770 0.0013322 0.0014014 0.0014932 0.0016276 0.0018729
0.29 82.11 164.05 246.14 328.40 410.87 493.66 576.90 660.74 745.40 831.11 918.15 1006.9 1097.8 1191.5 1288.9 1391.7 1502.4 1626.8 1782.0
29.86 111.77 193.90 276.26 358.86 441.74 525.00 608.76 693.21 778.55 865.02 952.93 1042.7 1134.7 1229.8 1328.9 1433.7 1547.1 1675.6 1838.2
s kJ/kg K
P 15 MPa (342.16 C) 3.3603 0.0003 0.2943 0.5685 0.8260 1.0691 1.2996 1.5191 1.7293 1.9316 2.1271 2.3174 2.5037 2.6876 2.8710 3.0565 3.2488
0.0016572 0.0009928 0.0009951 0.0010013 0.0010105 0.0010221 0.0010361 0.0010522 0.0010708 0.0010920 0.0011160 0.0011435 0.0011752 0.0012121 0.0012560 0.0013096 0.0013783 0.0014733 0.0016311
P 30 MPa 4.0146 0.0005 0.2921 0.5646 0.8208 1.0627 1.2920 1.5105 1.7194 1.9203 2.1143 2.3027 2.4867 2.6676 2.8469 3.0265 3.2091 3.3996 3.6086 3.8787
h kJ/kg
1585.5 0.18 83.01 165.75 248.58 331.59 414.85 498.50 582.69 667.63 753.58 840.84 929.81 1021.0 1115.1 1213.4 1317.6 1431.9 1567.9
1610.3 15.07 97.93 180.77 263.74 346.92 430.39 514.28 598.75 684.01 770.32 858.00 947.43 1039.2 1134.0 1233.0 1338.3 1454.0 1592.4
3.6848 0.0004 0.2932 0.5666 0.8234 1.0659 1.2958 1.5148 1.7243 1.9259 2.1206 2.3100 2.4951 2.6774 2.8586 3.0410 3.2279 3.4263 3.6555
P 50 MPa 0.0003 0.2897 0.5607 0.8156 1.0564 1.2847 1.5020 1.7098 1.9094 2.1020 2.2888 2.4707 2.6491 2.8250 3.0001 3.1761 3.3558 3.5438 3.7499 4.0026
0.0009767 0.0009805 0.0009872 0.0009962 0.0010072 0.0010201 0.0010349 0.0010517 0.0010704 0.0010914 0.0011149 0.0011412 0.0011708 0.0012044 0.0012430 0.0012879 0.0013409 0.0014049 0.0014848 0.0015884
0.29 80.93 161.90 243.08 324.42 405.94 487.69 569.77 652.33 735.49 819.45 904.39 990.55 1078.2 1167.7 1259.6 1354.3 1452.9 1556.5 1667.1
49.13 0.0010 129.95 0.2845 211.25 0.5528 292.88 0.8055 374.78 1.0442 456.94 1.2705 539.43 1.4859 622.36 1.6916 705.85 1.8889 790.06 2.0790 875.19 2.2628 961.45 2.4414 1049.1 2.6156 1138.4 2.7864 1229.9 2.9547 1324.0 3.1218 1421.4 3.2888 1523.1 3.4575 1630.7 3.6301 1746.5 3.8102
Çengel: Introduction to Thermodynamics and Heat Transfer, Second Edition
Back Matter
Appendix 1: Property Tables and Charts (SI Units)
783
© The McGraw−Hill Companies, 2008
Appendix 1
|
781
TABLE A–8 Saturated ice–water vapor Specific volume, m3 /kg
Temp., T °C
Sat. press., P sat kPa
Sat. ice,
Sat. vapor,
v
v
0.01 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40
0.61169 0.61115 0.51772 0.43748 0.36873 0.30998 0.25990 0.21732 0.18121 0.15068 0.12492 0.10326 0.08510 0.06991 0.05725 0.04673 0.03802 0.03082 0.02490 0.02004 0.01608 0.01285
0.001091 0.001091 0.001091 0.001090 0.001090 0.001090 0.001089 0.001089 0.001088 0.001088 0.001088 0.001087 0.001087 0.001087 0.001087 0.001086 0.001086 0.001086 0.001085 0.001085 0.001085 0.001084
205.99 206.17 241.62 283.84 334.27 394.66 467.17 554.47 659.88 787.51 942.51 1131.3 1362.0 1644.7 1992.2 2421.0 2951.7 3610.9 4432.4 5460.1 6750.5 8376.7
i
g
Internal energy, kJ/kg
Sat. ice, u i 333.40 333.43 337.63 341.80 345.94 350.04 354.12 358.17 362.18 366.17 370.13 374.06 377.95 381.82 385.66 389.47 393.25 397.00 400.72 404.40 408.07 411.70
Enthalpy, kJ/kg
Subl., u ig
Sat. vapor, u g
Sat. ice, h i
2707.9 2707.9 2709.4 2710.8 2712.2 2713.5 2714.8 2716.1 2717.3 2718.6 2719.7 2720.9 2722.0 2723.1 2724.2 2725.2 2726.2 2727.2 2728.1 2729.0 2729.9 2730.7
2374.5 2374.5 2371.8 2369.0 2366.2 2363.5 2360.7 2357.9 2355.2 2352.4 2349.6 2346.8 2344.1 2341.3 2338.5 2335.7 2332.9 2330.2 2327.4 2324.6 2321.8 2319.0
333.40 333.43 337.63 341.80 345.93 350.04 354.12 358.17 362.18 366.17 370.13 374.06 377.95 381.82 385.66 389.47 393.25 397.00 400.72 404.40 408.07 411.70
Entropy, kJ/kg · K
Subl., h ig
Sat. vapor, h g
Sat. ice, s i
2833.9 2833.9 2834.5 2835.0 2835.4 2835.8 2836.2 2836.6 2836.9 2837.2 2837.5 2837.7 2837.9 2838.1 2838.2 2838.3 2838.4 2838.4 2838.5 2838.4 2838.4 2838.3
2500.5 2500.5 2496.8 2493.2 2489.5 2485.8 2482.1 2478.4 2474.7 2471.0 2467.3 2463.6 2459.9 2456.2 2452.5 2448.8 2445.1 2441.4 2437.7 2434.0 2430.3 2426.6
1.2202 1.2204 1.2358 1.2513 1.2667 1.2821 1.2976 1.3130 1.3284 1.3439 1.3593 1.3748 1.3903 1.4057 1.4212 1.4367 1.4521 1.4676 1.4831 1.4986 1.5141 1.5296
Subl., s ig
Sat. vapor, s g
10.374 10.375 10.453 10.533 10.613 10.695 10.778 10.862 10.947 11.033 11.121 11.209 11.300 11.391 11.484 11.578 11.673 11.770 11.869 11.969 12.071 12.174
9.154 9.154 9.218 9.282 9.347 9.413 9.480 9.549 9.618 9.689 9.761 9.835 9.909 9.985 10.063 10.141 10.221 10.303 10.386 10.470 10.557 10.644
0 1200
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
0 0 0 5
0 0 5 5
h = 5000 kJ/kg
10 1200
7 8 2
1100
|
45 0 0
1100
4900 4800
h = 42 0 0
1000
3
900
38 00 36 0 0
r b a 34 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 66 3 0 5 3 0 0 0 0 2 00 = 2 1 0 0 0 1 8 0 0 0 P
800
0 3 0 0
C , e r u t a600 r e p m e T °
280 0
2
4500
3
500
h
2 0 0 = 2
1 8 00
/m g k 0 0 1
0 1 0 8 0 0 6
6 0 0
1
0 1 4 0
300
4200
0 0
i d u i q d l a e r t u t S a 1
1
0 0 % 0 = 18 % l i t y 0 0 0 a u 2 Q
2 0
0
100
h
6
0
=
2
0
0 0
0
4 0 0 k J k g
0
% 0 3
4000 3
4 0
0
1 6 0 0
% 0 4
1
8 0 0
5 0 %
0
2 0 0 0
2 2 0
6 0 %
0
3600 3500
3
0 5 2 1 1 0
3
m / g k 3 . 0
3
2
3
4
5 Entropy, kJ/kg · K
4 3
m / g k 1 . 0
2 1 5 1. 1 0.
5
a l i t y
8 0 %
2650 h = = 2600 2650 kJ/kg
= 9
0 %
7
2550
8
300
I n t r o d u c t i o n t o T h e r m o d y n a m i c s a n d H e a t T r a n s f e r
T r a n s f e ,r S e c o n d E d i t i o n
T Ç h e e n r m g e o l d : y I n n t r a o m d i u c c s t i a o n n d t H o e a t B a c k M a t t e r
U n i t s )
T a b l e s a n d C h a r t s ( S I
A p p e n d i x 1 : P r o p e r t y
C o m p a n i e s , 2 0 0 8
© T h e M c G r a w − H i l l
200
2800
1 8 6 4 3 2 0 0 . . . 0 . 0 0 0 0 0 0. 0 . 0 0
Q u
400 3
/ m k g 1 0 . 0 = y t i s e n D
3100
2900
8 6 4 3 2 5 . . 0 1 0. 0 . 0. 0 . 0 . 0 1
2 4 0 = 2 6 0 0 0
6
/ m g k 3 0 . 3200 0
3300 3
/
1
500
3400
3000
h
7 0 %
600
3700 3
/m g k 1
8 6 1
3800
3
/m g k 3
0 4 0 3
700
3900
/m g k 0 1
0
1 0
4100
/m g k 0 3
1 2 0
200
800
3
0 8 0 0 6 0 0 5 0 0 4 0 0 3 5 0 3 0 0 2 5 0 2 0 0 1 5
2 000
400
4300
0 0 0 1
240 0
900
4400
/m g k 0 0 3
0 0 5 1
260 0
1000
4600
0 0 5 4 0 0 0 3 0
700
4700
40 00
/m g k = y s it e n D
7 8 4
5000
9
8 0 0 0 .
100
6 0 0 0 4 3 2 0 0 0. 0 0 . 0 . 0. 0 0
0 10
FIGURE A–9 T-s diagram for water. Copyright © 1984. From NBS/NRC Steam Tables/1 by Lester Haar, John S. Gallagher, and George S. Kell. Reproduced by permission of Routledge/Taylor & Francis Books, Inc.
Çengel: Introduction to Thermodynamics and Heat Transfer, Second Edition
Back Matter
Appendix 1: Property Tables and Charts (SI Units)
Companies, 2008
Appendix 1 5000
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
|
10 5000
0 C 1 0 1 T =
1 1 0 0 ° C
785
© The McGraw−Hill
°
1 0 0 0 ° C
9 0 0 ° C
3
m / g
4000 r a b 0 0 0 0 3 = P
4000
k 0 0 0 8 0
1 == y t i s
0 0 0 5 2
n e
3
D 0 0 0 0 2
0 0 0 5 1
6 0 0 ° C
g k / J k , y 3000 p l a h t n E
0 ° C
/ m g k 0 0 1
7 0 0 ° C
3
0 / m 0 g 0 0 k 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 5 0 4 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 5 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 3 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 0 8 6 0 1 0 5 0 4 3 0 5 0 0 2 1 0 8 0 6 4 1
5 0 0 ° C
8
3
m / g k 1
5
6 4
3
/m g k 1 0 . 0 = =
y t
3000
i s
n e D
3 2 5 . 1 0 1 .
3 5 0. 2. 1 0 0. 1. 0
8 . 6. 0 0 4 0.
5 0 3 r 0. 0 0 . 1 5 1 8 b a 8 6 0 0 . 0 . 0 0 4 . 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 0 2 0. 0. 0 . =
9 8% 9 6 % Q u 9 4% a l i t y = 9 2 % 9
4 0 0 ° C
3
/ m g k k 1 . 0
0
P
0 %
8 8 % 8 6 % 8 4 % 8 2 % 8 0 % 7 8 % 7 6 % 7 4 % 7 2 % 7 0 % 6 8 % 6 6 % 6 4 % 6 2 % 6 0 5 % 8 5 % 5 6 4 % % 5 2 5 % 0 4 %
T
= 3 0 0 ° C
2000
2000
8 4 % 6 4 % 4 4 % 2 4 % 0 %
1000
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1000 10
Entropy, kJ/kg · K
FIGURE A–10 Mollier diagram for water. Copyright © 1984. From NBS/NRC Steam Tables/1 by Lester Haar, John S. Gallagher, and George S. Kell. Reproduced by permission of Routledge/Taylor & Francis Books, Inc.
783
786
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Çengel: Introduction to Thermodynamics and Heat Transfer, Second Edition
|
Back Matter
Appendix 1: Property Tables and Charts (SI Units)
© The McGraw−Hill Companies, 2008
Introduction to Thermodynamics and Heat Transfer
TABLE A–11 Saturated refrigerant-134a—Temperature table Specific volume, m3 /kg
Sat. Sat. Temp., press., liquid, T °C P sat kPa v f 40
v
g
Sat. liquid, u f
Evap., u fg
Sat. vapor, u g
Enthalpy, kJ/kg
Sat. liquid, Evap., h f h fg
Entropy, kJ/kg · K
Sat. vapor, h g
Sat. liquid, s f
Evap., s fg
Sat. vapor, s g
0.0007054 0.36081 0.0007083 0.32732 0.0007112 0.29751 0.0007142 0.27090 0.0007172 0.24711
0.036
2.475 4.992 7.517 10.05
207.40 206.04 204.67 203.29 201.91
207.37 0.000 208.51 2.515 209.66 5.037 210.81 7.566 211.96 10.10
225.86 224.61 223.35 222.09 220.81
225.86 227.12 228.39 229.65 230.91
0.00000 0.01072 0.02138 0.03199 0.04253
0.96866 0.95511 0.94176 0.92859 0.91560
0.96866 0.96584 0.96315 0.96058 0.95813
84.43 92.76 101.73 111.37 121.72
0.0007203 0.0007234 0.0007265 0.0007297 0.0007329
0.22580 0.20666 0.18946 0.17395 0.15995
12.59 15.13 17.69 20.25 22.82
200.52 199.12 197.72 196.30 194.88
213.11 214.25 215.40 216.55 217.70
12.65 15.20 17.76 20.33 22.91
219.52 232.17 218.22 233.43 216.92 234.68 215.59 235.92 214.26 s237.17
0.05301 0.06344 0.07382 0.08414 0.09441
0.90278 0.89012 0.87762 0.86527 0.85307
0.95579 0.95356 0.95144 0.94941 0.94748
132.82 144.69 157.38 170.93 185.37
0.0007362 0.0007396 0.0007430 0.0007464 0.0007499
0.14729 0.13583 0.12542 0.11597 0.10736
25.39 27.98 30.57 33.17 35.78
193.45 192.01 190.56 189.09 187.62
218.84 219.98 221.13 222.27 223.40
25.49 28.09 30.69 33.30 35.92
212.91 211.55 210.18 208.79 207.38
238.41 239.64 240.87 242.09 243.30
0.10463 0.11481 0.12493 0.13501 0.14504
0.84101 0.82908 0.81729 0.80561 0.79406
0.94564 0.94389 0.94222 0.94063 0.93911
2
200.74 217.08 234.44 252.85 272.36
0.0007535 0.0007571 0.0007608 0.0007646 0.0007684
0.099516 0.092352 0.085802 0.079804 0.074304
38.40 41.03 43.66 46.31 48.96
186.14 184.64 183.13 181.61 180.08
224.54 225.67 226.80 227.92 229.04
38.55 41.19 43.84 46.50 49.17
205.96 204.52 203.07 201.60 200.11
244.51 245.72 246.91 248.10 249.28
0.15504 0.16498 0.17489 0.18476 0.19459
0.78263 0.77130 0.76008 0.74896 0.73794
0.93766 0.93629 0.93497 0.93372 0.93253
0 2 4 6 8
293.01 314.84 337.90 362.23 387.88
0.0007723 0.0007763 0.0007804 0.0007845 0.0007887
0.069255 0.064612 0.060338 0.056398 0.052762
51.63 54.30 56.99 59.68 62.39
178.53 176.97 175.39 173.80 172.19
230.16 231.27 232.38 233.48 234.58
51.86 54.55 57.25 59.97 62.69
198.60 197.07 195.51 193.94 192.35
250.45 251.61 252.77 253.91 255.04
0.20439 0.21415 0.22387 0.23356 0.24323
0.72701 0.71616 0.70540 0.69471 0.68410
0.93139 0.93031 0.92927 0.92828 0.92733
10 12 14 16 18
414.89 443.31 473.19 504.58 537.52
0.0007930 0.0007975 0.0008020 0.0008066 0.0008113
0.049403 0.046295 0.043417 0.040748 0.038271
65.10 67.83 70.57 73.32 76.08
170.56 168.92 167.26 165.58 163.88
235.67 236.75 237.83 238.90 239.96
65.43 68.18 70.95 73.73 76.52
190.73 189.09 187.42 185.73 184.01
256.16 257.27 258.37 259.46 260.53
0.25286 0.26246 0.27204 0.28159 0.29112
0.67356 0.66308 0.65266 0.64230 0.63198
0.92641 0.92554 0.92470 0.92389 0.92310
38 36 34 32 30 28 26 24 22 20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4
51.25 56.86 62.95 69.56 76.71
Sat. vapor,
Internal energy, kJ/kg
(Continued)
Çengel: Introduction to Thermodynamics and Heat Transfer, Second Edition
Back Matter
Appendix 1: Property Tables and Charts (SI Units)
787
© The McGraw−Hill Companies, 2008
Appendix 1
|
785
TABLE A–11 Saturated refrigerant-134a—Temperature table (Concluded ) Specific volume, m3 /kg
Sat. Sat. Temp., press., liquid, °C kPa v T P sat f
Sat. vapor, v
g
Internal energy, kJ/kg
Enthalpy, kJ/kg
Entropy, kJ/kg · K
Sat. Sat. liquid, Evap., vapor, u f u fg u g
Sat. liquid, Evap., h f h fg
Sat. vapor, h g
Sat. liquid, s f
Evap., s fg
Sat. vapor, s g
261.59 262.64 263.67 264.68 265.68
0.30063 0.31011 0.31958 0.32903 0.33846
0.62172 0.61149 0.60130 0.59115 0.58102
0.92234 0.92160 0.92088 0.92018 0.91948
20 22 24 26 28
572.07 608.27 646.18 685.84 727.31
0.0008161 0.0008210 0.0008261 0.0008313 0.0008366
0.035969 0.033828 0.031834 0.029976 0.028242
78.86 81.64 84.44 87.26 90.09
162.16 160.42 158.65 156.87 155.05
241.02 242.06 243.10 244.12 245.14
79.32 82.14 84.98 87.83 90.69
182.27 180.49 178.69 176.85 174.99
30 32 34 36 38
770.64 815.89 863.11 912.35 963.68
0.0008421 0.0008478 0.0008536 0.0008595 0.0008657
0.026622 0.025108 0.023691 0.022364 0.021119
92.93 95.79 98.66 101.55 104.45
153.22 151.35 149.46 147.54 145.58
246.14 247.14 248.12 249.08 250.04
93.58 96.48 99.40 102.33 105.29
173.08 266.66 171.14 267.62 169.17 268.57 167.16 269.49 165.10 270.39
0.34789 0.35730 0.36670 0.37609 0.38548
0.57091 0.56082 0.55074 0.54066 0.53058
0.91879 0.91811 0.91743 0.91675 0.91606
40 42 44 46 48
1017.1 1072.8 1130.7 1191.0 1253.6
0.0008720 0.0008786 0.0008854 0.0008924 0.0008996
0.019952 0.018855 0.017824 0.016853 0.015939
107.38 110.32 113.28 116.26 119.26
143.60 141.58 139.52 137.42 135.29
250.97 251.89 252.80 253.68 254.55
108.26 111.26 114.28 117.32 120.39
163.00 160.86 158.67 156.43 154.14
271.27 272.12 272.95 273.75 274.53
0.39486 0.40425 0.41363 0.42302 0.43242
0.52049 0.51039 0.50027 0.49012 0.47993
0.91536 0.91464 0.91391 0.91315 0.91236
52 56 60 65 70 75
1386.2 1529.1 1682.8 1891.0 2118.2 2365.8
0.0009150 0.0009317 0.0009498 0.0009750 0.0010037 0.0010372
0.014265 0.012771 0.011434 0.009950 0.008642 0.007480
125.33 131.49 137.76 145.77 154.01 162.53
130.88 126.28 121.46 115.05 108.14 100.60
256.21 257.77 259.22 260.82 262.15 263.13
126.59 132.91 139.36 147.62 156.13 164.98
149.39 144.38 139.10 132.02 124.32 115.85
275.98 277.30 278.46 279.64 280.46 280.82
0.45126 0.47018 0.48920 0.51320 0.53755 0.56241
0.45941 0.43863 0.41749 0.39039 0.36227 0.33272
0.91067 0.90880 0.90669 0.90359 0.89982 0.89512
80 2635.3 85 2928.2 90 3246.9 95 3594.1 100 3975.1
0.0010772 0.0011270 0.0011932 0.0012933 0.0015269
0.006436 0.005486 0.004599 0.003726 0.002630
171.40 180.77 190.89 202.40 218.72
92.23 82.67 71.29 56.47 29.19
263.63 263.44 262.18 258.87 247.91
174.24 184.07 194.76 207.05 224.79
106.35 95.44 82.35 65.21 33.58
280.59 279.51 277.11 272.26 258.37
0.58800 0.61473 0.64336 0.67578 0.72217
0.30111 0.26644 0.22674 0.17711 0.08999
0.88912 0.88117 0.87010 0.85289 0.81215
Source: Tables A–11 through A–13 are generated using the Engineering Equation Solver (EES) software developed by S. A. Klein and F. L. Alvarado. The routine used in calculations is the R134a, which is based on the fundamental equation of state developed by R. Tillner-Roth and H.D. Baehr, “An International Standard Formulation for the Thermodynamic Properties of 1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134a) for temperatures from 170 K to 455 K and Pressures up to 70 MPa,” J. Phys. Chem, Ref. Data , Vol. 23, No. 5, 1994. The enthalpy and entropy values of saturated liquid are set to zero at 40°C (and 40°F).
788
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Çengel: Introduction to Thermodynamics and Heat Transfer, Second Edition
|
Back Matter
Appendix 1: Property Tables and Charts (SI Units)
© The McGraw−Hill Companies, 2008
Introduction to Thermodynamics and Heat Transfer
TABLE A–12 Saturated refrigerant-134a—Pressure table Specific volume, m3 /kg
Sat. Press., temp., P kPa T sat °C 60 70 80 90 100
36.95
120 140 160 180 200
22.32
240 280 320 360 400
5.38
Sat. liquid,
Sat. vapor,
v
v
f
g
Internal energy, kJ/kg
Sat. Sat. liquid, Evap., vapor, u f u fg u g
Enthalpy, kJ/kg
Sat. liquid, h f
Entropy, kJ/kg · K
Sat. Evap., vapor, h fg h g
Sat. liquid, s f
Evap., s fg
Sat. vapor, s g
0.0007098 0.0007144 0.0007185 0.0007223 0.0007259
0.31121 0.26929 0.23753 0.21263 0.19254
3.798 7.680 11.15 14.31 17.21
205.32 203.20 201.30 199.57 197.98
209.12 210.88 212.46 213.88 215.19
3.841 7.730 11.21 14.37 17.28
223.95 222.00 220.25 218.65 217.16
227.79 229.73 231.46 233.02 234.44
0.01634 0.03267 0.04711 0.06008 0.07188
0.94807 0.92775 0.90999 0.89419 0.87995
0.96441 0.96042 0.95710 0.95427 0.95183
0.0007324 0.0007383 0.0007437 0.0007487 0.0007533
0.16212 0.14014 0.12348 0.11041 0.099867
22.40 26.98 31.09 34.83 38.28
195.11 192.57 190.27 188.16 186.21
217.51 219.54 221.35 222.99 224.48
22.49 27.08 31.21 34.97 38.43
214.48 212.08 209.90 207.90 206.03
236.97 239.16 241.11 242.86 244.46
0.09275 0.11087 0.12693 0.14139 0.15457
0.85503 0.83368 0.81496 0.79826 0.78316
0.94779 0.94456 0.94190 0.93965 0.93773
2.46 5.82 8.91
0.0007620 0.0007699 0.0007772 0.0007841 0.0007907
0.083897 0.072352 0.063604 0.056738 0.051201
44.48 49.97 54.92 59.44 63.62
182.67 179.50 176.61 173.94 171.45
227.14 229.46 231.52 233.38 235.07
44.66 50.18 55.16 59.72 63.94
202.62 199.54 196.71 194.08 191.62
247.28 249.72 251.88 253.81 255.55
0.17794 0.19829 0.21637 0.23270 0.24761
0.75664 0.73381 0.71369 0.69566 0.67929
0.93458 0.93210 0.93006 0.92836 0.92691
450 500 550 600 650
12.46 15.71 18.73 21.55 24.20
0.0007985 0.0008059 0.0008130 0.0008199 0.0008266
0.045619 0.041118 0.037408 0.034295 0.031646
68.45 72.93 77.10 81.02 84.72
168.54 165.82 163.25 160.81 158.48
237.00 238.75 240.35 241.83 243.20
68.81 73.33 77.54 81.51 85.26
188.71 185.98 183.38 180.90 178.51
257.53 259.30 260.92 262.40 263.77
0.26465 0.28023 0.29461 0.30799 0.32051
0.66069 0.64377 0.62821 0.61378 0.60030
0.92535 0.92400 0.92282 0.92177 0.92081
700 750 800 850
26.69 29.06 31.31 33.45
0.0008331 0.0008395 0.0008458 0.0008520
0.029361 0.027371 0.025621 0.024069
88.24 91.59 94.79 97.87
156.24 154.08 152.00 149.98
244.48 245.67 246.79 247.85
88.82 92.22 95.47 98.60
176.21 173.98 171.82 169.71
265.03 266.20 267.29 268.31
0.33230 0.34345 0.35404 0.36413
0.58763 0.57567 0.56431 0.55349
0.91994 0.91912 0.91835 0.91762
900 950 1000 1200 1400
35.51 37.48 39.37 46.29 52.40
0.0008580 0.0008641 0.0008700 0.0008934 0.0009166
0.022683 0.021438 0.020313 0.016715 0.014107
100.83 103.69 106.45 116.70 125.94
148.01 146.10 144.23 137.11 130.43
248.85 249.79 250.68 253.81 256.37
101.61 104.51 107.32 117.77 127.22
167.66 165.64 163.67 156.10 148.90
269.26 270.15 270.99 273.87 276.12
0.37377 0.38301 0.39189 0.42441 0.45315
0.54315 0.53323 0.52368 0.48863 0.45734
0.91692 0.91624 0.91558 0.91303 0.91050
1600 1800 2000 2500 3000
57.88 62.87 67.45 77.54 86.16
0.0009400 0.0009639 0.0009886 0.0010566 0.0011406
0.012123 0.010559 0.009288 0.006936 0.005275
134.43 142.33 149.78 166.99 183.04
124.04 117.83 111.73 96.47 80.22
258.47 260.17 261.51 263.45 263.26
135.93 144.07 151.76 169.63 186.46
141.93 135.11 128.33 111.16 92.63
277.86 279.17 280.09 280.79 279.09
0.47911 0.50294 0.52509 0.57531 0.62118
0.42873 0.40204 0.37675 0.31695 0.25776
0.90784 0.90498 0.90184 0.89226 0.87894
33.87 31.13 28.65 26.37
18.77 15.60 12.73 10.09
1.25
Çengel: Introduction to Thermodynamics and Heat Transfer, Second Edition
Back Matter
Appendix 1: Property Tables and Charts (SI Units)
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Appendix 1
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787
u kJ/kg
s kJ/kg K
TABLE A–13 Superheated refrigerant-134a T °C
v
3
m /kg
u kJ/kg
h kJ/kg
s kJ/kg K
P 0.06 MPa ( T sat 36.95°C)
Sat. 20 10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
0.31121 0.33608 0.35048 0.36476 0.37893 0.39302 0.40705 0.42102 0.43495 0.44883 0.46269 0.47651 0.49032 0.50410
2 09.12 220.60 2 27.55 2 34.66 2 41.92 2 49.35 2 56.95 2 64.71 2 72.64 2 80.73 2 88.99 2 97.41 3 06.00 3 14.74
227.79 240.76 248.58 256.54 264.66 272.94 281.37 289.97 298.74 307.66 316.75 326.00 335.42 344.99
0.9644 1.0174 1.0477 1.0774 1.1066 1.1353 1.1636 1.1915 1.2191 1.2463 1.2732 1.2997 1.3260 1 .3520
P 0.18 MPa ( T sat 12.73°C)
Sat. 10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
0.11041 0.11189 0.11722 0.12240 0.12748 0.13248 0.13741 0.14230 0.14715 0.15196 0.15673 0.16149 0.16622
2 22.99 225.02 2 32.48 2 40.00 2 47.64 2 55.41 2 63.31 2 71.36 2 79.56 2 87.91 2 96.42 3 05.07 3 13.88
242.86 245.16 253.58 262.04 270.59 279.25 288.05 296.98 306.05 315.27 324.63 334.14 343.80
0 .9397 0.9484 0.9798 1 .0102 1 .0399 1 .0690 1 .0975 1 .1256 1 .1532 1 .1805 1 .2074 1 .2339 1 .2602
P 0.28 MPa ( T sat 1.25°C)
Sat. 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140
0.07235 0.07282 0.07646 0.07997 0.08338 0.08672 0.09000 0.09324 0.09644 0.09961 0.10275 0.10587 0.10897 0.11205 0.11512 0.11818
229.46 230.44 238.27 246.13 254.06 262.10 270.27 278.56 286.99 295.57 304.29 313.15 322.16 331.32 340.63 350.09
249.72 250.83 259.68 268.52 277.41 286.38 295.47 304.67 314.00 323.46 333.06 342.80 352.68 362.70 372.87 383.18
0 .9321 0.9362 0 .9680 0 .9987 1 .0285 1 .0576 1 .0862 1 .1142 1 .1418 1 .1690 1 .1958 1 .2222 1 .2483 1 .2742 1 .2997 1 .3250
v
3
m /kg
u kJ/kg
h kJ/kg
s kJ/kg K
P 0.10 MPa (T sat 26.37°C)
0.19254 0.19841 0.20743 0.21630 0.22506 0.23373 0.24233 0.25088 0.25937 0.26783 0.27626 0.28465 0.29303 0.30138
215.19 219.66 226.75 233.95 241.30 248.79 256.44 264.25 272.22 280.35 288.64 297.08 305.69 314.46
234.44 239.50 247.49 255.58 263.81 272.17 280.68 289.34 298.16 307.13 316.26 325.55 334.99 344.60
0.9518 0.9721 1.0030 1.0332 1.0628 1.0918 1.1203 1.1484 1.1762 1.2035 1.2305 1.2572 1.2836 1.3096
P 0.20 MPa (T sat 10.09°C)
0.09987 0.09991 0.10481 0.10955 0.11418 0.11874 0.12322 0.12766 0.13206 0.13641 0.14074 0.14504 0.14933
224.48 224.55 232.09 239.67 247.35 255.14 263.08 271.15 279.37 287.73 296.25 304.92 313.74
244.46 244.54 25 3.05 261.58 270.18 278.89 287.72 296.68 305.78 315.01 324.40 333.93 343.60
0.9377 0.9380 0.9698 1.0004 1.0303 1.0595 1.0882 1.1163 1.1441 1.1714 1.1983 1.2249 1.2512
P 0.32 MPa ( T sat 2.46°C)
v
m3 /kg
h kJ/kg
P 0.14 MPa ( T sat 18.77°C)
0.14014
219.54
239.16
0 .9446
0.14605 0.15263 0.15908 0.16544 0.17172 0.17794 0.18412 0.19025 0.19635 0.20242 0.20847 0.21449
225.91 233.23 240.66 248.22 255.93 263.79 271.79 279.96 288.28 296.75 305.38 314.17
246.36 254.60 262.93 271.38 279.97 288.70 297.57 306.59 315.77 325.09 334.57 344.20
0 .9724 1 .0031 1 .0331 1 .0624 1 .0912 1 .1195 1 .1474 1 .1749 1 .2020 1 .2288 1 .2553 1.2814
P 0.24 MPa ( T sat 5.38°C)
0.08390
227.14
247.28
0.9346
0.08617 0.09026 0.09423 0.09812 0.10193 0.10570 0.10942 0.11310 0.11675 0.12038 0.12398
231.29 238.98 246.74 254.61 262.59 270.71 278.97 287.36 295.91 304.60 313.44
251.97 260.65 269.36 278.16 287.06 296.08 305.23 314.51 323.93 333.49 343.20
0.9519 0.9831 1.0134 1.0429 1.0718 1.1001 1.1280 1.1554 1.1825 1.2092 1.2356
P 0.40 MPa (T sat 8.91°C)
0.06360
231.52
251.88
0.9301
0.051201
235.07
255.55
0.9269
0.06609 0.06925 0.07231 0.07530 0.07823 0.08111 0.08395 0.08675 0.08953 0.09229 0.09503 0.09775 0.10045 0.10314
237.54 245.50 253.50 261.60 269.82 278.15 286.62 295.22 303.97 312.86 321.89 331.07 340.39 349.86
258.69 267.66 276.65 285.70 294.85 304.11 313.48 322.98 332.62 342 .39 352 .30 362 .35 372 .54 382.87
0.9544 0.9856 1.0157 1.0451 1.0739 1.1021 1.1298 1.1571 1.1840 1.2105 1.2367 1.2626 1.2882 1.3135
0.051506 0.054213 0.056796 0.059292 0.061724 0.064104 0.066443 0.068747 0.071023 0.073274 0.075504 0.077717 0.079913 0.082096
235.97 244.18 252.36 260.58 268.90 277.32 285.86 294.53 303.32 312.26 321.33 330.55 339.90 349.41
256.58 265.86 275.07 284.30 293.59 302.96 312.44 322.02 331.73 341.57 351.53 361.63 371.87 382.24
0.9305 0.9628 0.9937 1.0236 1.0528 1.0814 1.1094 1.1369 1.1640 1.1907 1.2171 1.2431 1.2688 1.2942
790
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|
Back Matter
Appendix 1: Property Tables and Charts (SI Units)
© The McGraw−Hill Companies, 2008
Introduction to Thermodynamics and Heat Transfer
TABLE A–13 Superheated refrigerant-134a (Concluded ) T °C
v
3
m /kg
u kJ/kg
h kJ/kg
s kJ/kg K
P 0.50 MPa ( T sat 15.71°C)
Sat. 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160
0.041118 238.75 259.30 0.9240 0.042115 242.40 263.46 0.9383 0.044338 250.84 273.01 0.9703 0.046456 259.26 282.48 1.0011 0.048499 267.72 291.96 1.0309 0.050485 276.25 301.50 1.0599 0.052427 284.89 311.10 1.0883 0.054331 293.64 320.80 1.1162 0.056205 302.51 330.61 1.1436 0.058053 311.50 340.53 1.1705 0.059880 320.63 350.57 1.1971 0.061687 329.89 360.73 1.2233 0.063479 339.29 371.03 1.2491 0.065256 348.83 381.46 1.2747 0.067021 358.51 392.02 1.2999 0.068775 368.33 402.72 1.3249 P 0.80 MPa ( T sat 31.31°C)
Sat. 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180
0.025621 246.79 267.29 0.9183 0.027035 254.82 276.45 0.9480 0.028547 263.86 286.69 0.9802 0.029973 272.83 296.81 1.0110 0.031340 281.81 306.88 1.0408 0.032659 290.84 316.97 1.0698 0.033941 299.95 327.10 1.0981 0.035193 309.15 337.30 1.1258 0.036420 318.45 347.59 1.1530 0.037625 327.87 357.97 1.1798 0.038813 337.40 368.45 1.2061 0.039985 347.06 379.05 1.2321 0.041143 356.85 389.76 1.2577 0.042290 366.76 400.59 1.2830 0.043427 376.81 411.55 1.3080 0.044554 386.99 422.64 1.3327 P 1.20 MPa ( T sat 46.29°C)
Sat. 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180
0.016715 253.81 273.87 0.9130 0.017201 257.63 278.27 0.9267 0.018404 267.56 289.64 0.9614 0.019502 277.21 300.61 0.9938 0.020529 286.75 311.39 1.0248 0.021506 296.26 322.07 1.0546 0.022442 305.80 332.73 1.0836 0.023348 315.38 343.40 1.1118 0.024228 325.03 354.11 1.1394 0.025086 334.77 364.88 1.1664 0.025927 344.61 375.72 1.1930 0.026753 354.56 386.66 1.2192 0.027566 364.61 397.69 1.2449 0.028367 374.78 408.82 1.2703 0.029158 385.08 420.07 1.2954
v
3
m /kg
u kJ/kg
h kJ/kg
s kJ/kg K
P 0.60 MPa ( T sat 21.55°C)
v
m3 /kg
u kJ/kg
h kJ/kg
s kJ/kg K
P 0.70 MPa (T sat 26.69°C)
0.034295
241.83
262.40
0.9218
0.029361
244.48
265.03
0.9199
0.035984 0.037865 0.039659 0.041389 0.043069 0.044710 0.046318 0.047900 0.049458 0.050997 0.052519 0.054027 0.055522 0.057006
249.22 257.86 266.48 275.15 283.89 292.73 301.67 310.73 319.91 329.23 338.67 348.25 357.96 367.81
270.81 280.58 290.28 299.98 309.73 319.55 329.46 339.47 349.59 359.82 370.18 380.66 391.27 402.01
0.9499 0.9816 1.0121 1.0417 1.0705 1.0987 1.1264 1.1536 1.1803 1.2067 1.2327 1.2584 1.2838 1.3088
0.029966 0.031696 0.033322 0.034875 0.036373 0.037829 0.039250 0.040642 0.042010 0.043358 0.044688 0.046004 0.047306 0.048597
247.48 256.39 265.20 274.01 282.87 291.80 300.82 309.95 319.19 328.55 338.04 347.66 357.41 367.29
268.45 278.57 288.53 298.42 308.33 318.28 328.29 338.40 348.60 358.90 369.32 379.86 390.52 401.31
0.9313 0.9641 0.9954 1.0256 1.0549 1.0835 1.1114 1.1389 1.1658 1.1924 1.2186 1.2444 1.2699 1.2951
P 0.90 MPa ( T sat 35.51°C)
0.022683 0.023375 0.024809 0.026146 0.027413 0.028630 0.029806 0.030951 0.032068 0.033164 0.034241 0.035302 0.036349 0.037384 0.038408 0.039423
248.85 253.13 262.44 271.60 280.72 289.86 299.06 308.34 317.70 327.18 336.76 346.46 356.28 366.23 376.31 386.52
269.26 274.17 284.77 295.13 305.39 315.63 325.89 336.19 346.56 357.02 367.58 378.23 389.00 399.88 410.88 422.00
0.9169 0.9327 0.9660 0.9976 1.0280 1.0574 1.0860 1.1140 1.1414 1.1684 1.1949 1.2210 1.2467 1.2721 1.2972 1.3221
P 1.40 MPa ( T sat 52.40°C)
P 1.00 MPa (T sat 39.37°C)
0.020313 0.020406 0.021796 0.023068 0.024261 0.025398 0.026492 0.027552 0.028584 0.029592 0.030581 0.031554 0.032512 0.033457 0.034392 0.035317
250.68 251.30 260.94 270.32 279.59 288.86 298.15 307.51 316.94 326.47 336.11 345.85 355.71 365.70 375.81 386.04
270.99 0.9156 271.71 0.9179 282.74 0.9525 293.38 0.9850 303.85 1.0160 314.25 1.0458 324.64 1.0748 335.06 1.1031 345.53 1.1308 356.06 1.1580 366.69 1.1846 377.40 1.2109 388.22 1.2368 399.15 1.2623 410.20 1.2875 421.36 1.3124
P 1.60 MPa (T sat 57.88°C)
0.014107
256.37
276.12
0.9105
0.012123
258.47
277.86
0.9078
0.015005 0.016060 0.017023 0.017923 0.018778 0.019597 0.020388 0.021155 0.021904 0.022636 0.023355 0.024061 0.024757
264.46 274.62 284.51 294.28 304.01 313.76 323.55 333.41 343.34 353.37 363.51 373.75 384.10
285.47 297.10 308.34 319.37 330.30 341.19 352.09 363.02 374.01 385.07 396.20 407.43 418.76
0.9389 0.9733 1.0056 1.0364 1.0661 1.0949 1.1230 1.1504 1.1773 1.2038 1.2298 1.2554 1.2807
0.012372 0.013430 0.014362 0.015215 0.016014 0.016773 0.017500 0.018201 0.018882 0.019545 0.020194 0.020830 0.021456
260.89 271.76 282.09 292.17 302.14 312.07 322.02 332.00 342.05 352.17 362.38 372.69 383.11
280.69 293.25 305.07 316.52 327.76 338.91 350.02 361.12 372.26 383.44 394.69 406.02 417.44
0.9163 0.9535 0.9875 1.0194 1.0500 1.0795 1.1081 1.1360 1.1632 1.1900 1.2163 1.2421 1.2676
Çengel: Introduction to Thermodynamics and Heat Transfer, Second Edition
Back Matter
Appendix 1: Property Tables and Charts (SI Units)
791
© The McGraw−Hill Companies, 2008
Appendix 1 100 20
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
550
600
650
|
700
789
750 20
3
10
0 0 5 1
0 5 4 1
0 0 4 1
0 5 3 1
0 0 3 1
0 5 2 1
/ m g k 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 5 0 0 0 5 8 0 0 5 0 0 9 9 0 1 1 0 8 2 1 1 1 1 0 0 5 0 0 7 0 6 1
3 0 0
4 0 0
16
1 0 0
2
70 60 50
2
40 4 0
a P M , e r u s 0.4 s e r P
32
2 0
T = 0 ° C
1
24
1
16 12 8
4 6 . 0
2 7 . 0
0 8 . 0
8 8 . 0
6 9 . 0
2 1 . 1
4 0 . 1
0 2 . 1
8 2 . 1
6 3 . 1
4 4 . 1
2 5 . 1
0 6 . 1
8 6 . 1
6 7 . 1
4 .8 1
2 .9 1
8 0 2 .
0 .0 2
– 4 0
0.04 – 6 0
4
2 4 2 .
2 3 . 2
8 4 . 2
0 4 . 2
0.2
3.2 2.4
0.1 1.2
0.02
150
K k g / J k 1 6 2 . = s
1.6
s id u iq l d a te r tu sa
1 . 0
0.4
6
– 2 0
0.2
0.01 100
4
90
6 0
R-134a
0.1
120
8 0
4
10
3 3 m m g / g / k 0 k 0 0 0 2 = 2 h y = t ty ns is i n e e D D 0
2 . 0
. 3 0
200
. 4 0
. 5 0 = X
. 6 0
250
. 7 0
300
. 8 0
. 9 0
350
r o p va d te ra t u 0 4 sa –
0 0 2 –
0
0 2
0
4
0 6
8
0
0 1
1
2
C 0
0 8
6 4
2 1
1 1
500
2 2
4 2
0
0 2
2
6
0 8 3
0.8
0.04
0.6
= T
8 4 . 2
400 450 Enthalpy, kJ/kg
0 0
0 0
°
0 0
0
550
600
0.4
6 5 . 2 = s s
4 6 . 2
650
2 7 . 2
700
0.02
0.3
0.01 750
FIGURE A–14 P-h diagram for refrigerant-134a. Note: The reference point used for the chart is different than that used in the R-134a tables. Therefore, problems should be solved using all property data either from the tables or from the chart, but not from both. Reprinted by permission of American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc., Atlanta, GA.
792
Çengel: Introduction to Thermodynamics and Heat Transfer, Second Edition
790
|
Back Matter
Appendix 1: Property Tables and Charts (SI Units)
© The McGraw−Hill Companies, 2008
Introduction to Thermodynamics and Heat Transfer
TABLE A–15 Properties of saturated water
Temp. T , C 0.01 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340 360 374.14
Saturation Pressure P sat, k Pa
0.6113 0.8721 1.2276 1.7051 2.339 3.169 4.246 5.628 7.384 9.593 12.35 15.76 19.94 25.03 31.19 38.58 47.39 57.83 70.14 84.55 101.33 143.27 198.53 270.1 361.3 475.8 617.8 791.7 1,002.1 1,254.4 1,553.8 2,318 3,344 4,688 6,412 8,581 11,274 14,586 18,651 22,090
Density r , kg/m3
Liquid
Vapor
999.8 0.0048 999.9 0.0068 999.7 0.0094 999.1 0.0128 998.0 0.0173 997.0 0.0231 996.0 0.0304 994.0 0.0397 992.1 0.0512 990.1 0.0655 988.1 0.0831 985.2 0.1045 983.3 0.1304 980.4 0.1614 977.5 0.1983 974.7 0.2421 971.8 0.2935 968.1 0.3536 965.3 0.4235 961.5 0.5045 957.9 0.5978 950.6 0.8263 943.4 1.121 934.6 1.496 921.7 1.965 916.6 2.546 907.4 3.256 897.7 4.119 887.3 5.153 876.4 6.388 864.3 7.852 840.3 11.60 813.7 16.73 783.7 23.69 750.8 33.15 713.8 46.15 667.1 64.57 610.5 92.62 528.3 144.0 317.0 317.0
Enthalpy of Vaporization
Specific Heat c p, J/kg · K
h fg, kJ/kg
Liquid
Vapor
2501 2490 2478 2466 2454 2442 2431 2419 2407 2395 2383 2371 2359 2346 2334 2321 2309 2296 2283 2270 2257 2230 2203 2174 2145 2114 2083 2050 2015 1979 1941 1859 1767 1663 1544 1405 1239 1028 720 0
4217 4205 4194 4185 4182 4180 4178 4178 4179 4180 4181 4183 4185 4187 4190 4193 4197 4201 4206 4212 4217 4229 4244 4263 4286 4311 4340 4370 4410 4460 4500 4610 4760 4970 5280 5750 6540 8240 14,690 —
1854 1857 1862 1863 1867 1870 1875 1880 1885 1892 1900 1908 1916 1926 1936 1948 1962 1977 1993 2010 2029 2071 2120 2177 2244 2314 2420 2490 2590 2710 2840 3110 3520 4070 4835 5980 7900 11,870 25,800 —
Thermal Conductivity k, W/m · k Liquid
Vapor
0.561 0.0171 0.571 0.0173 0.580 0.0176 0.589 0.0179 0.598 0.0182 0.607 0.0186 0.615 0.0189 0.623 0.0192 0.631 0.0196 0.637 0.0200 0.644 0.0204 0.649 0.0208 0.654 0.0212 0.659 0.0216 0.663 0.0221 0.667 0.0225 0.670 0.0230 0.673 0.0235 0.675 0.0240 0.677 0.0246 0.679 0.0251 0.682 0.0262 0.683 0.0275 0.684 0.0288 0.683 0.0301 0.682 0.0316 0.680 0.0331 0.677 0.0347 0.673 0.0364 0.669 0.0382 0.663 0.0401 0.650 0.0442 0.632 0.0487 0.609 0.0540 0.581 0.0605 0.548 0.0695 0.509 0.0836 0.469 0.110 0.427 0.178 — —
Prandtl Number Pr
Dynamic Viscosity m, kg/m · s Liquid 1.792 1.519 1.307 1.138 1.002 0.891 0.798 0.720 0.653 0.596 0.547 0.504 0.467 0.433 0.404 0.378 0.355 0.333 0.315 0.297 0.282 0.255 0.232 0.213 0.197 0.183 0.170 0.160 0.150 0.142 0.134 0.122 0.111 0.102 0.094 0.086 0.078 0.070 0.060 0.043
103 103 103 103 103 103 103 103 103 103 103 103 103 103 103 103 103 103 103 103 103 103 103 103 103 103 103 103 103 103 103 103 103 103 103 103 103 103 103 103
Vapor 0.922 0.934 0.946 0.959 0.973 0.987 1.001 1.016 1.031 1.046 1.062 1.077 1.093 1.110 1.126 1.142 1.159 1.176 1.193 1.210 1.227 1.261 1.296 1.330 1.365 1.399 1.434 1.468 1.502 1.537 1.571 1.641 1.712 1.788 1.870 1.965 2.084 2.255 2.571 4.313
105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105
Liquid
Vapor
13.5 11.2 9.45 8.09 7.01 6.14 5.42 4.83 4.32 3.91 3.55 3.25 2.99 2.75 2.55 2.38 2.22 2.08 1.96 1.85 1.75 1.58 1.44 1.33 1.24 1.16 1.09 1.03 0.983 0.947 0.910 0.865 0.836 0.832 0.854 0.902 1.00 1.23 2.06
1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.02 1.05 1.05 1.07 1.09 1.11 1.15 1.24 1.35 1.49 1.69 1.97 2.43 3.73
Volume Expansion Coefficient b, 1/K Liquid 103 103 103 103 103 103 103 103 103 103 103 103 103 103 103 103 103 103 103 103 103 103 103 103 103 103 103 103 103 103 103 103 103 103 103 103
0.068
0.015 0.733 0.138 0.195 0.247 0.294 0.337 0.377 0.415 0.451 0.484 0.517 0.548 0.578 0.607 0.653 0.670 0.702 0.716 0.750 0.798 0.858 0.913 0.970 1.025 1.145 1.178 1.210 1.280 1.350 1.520 1.720 2.000 2.380 2.950
Note 1: Kinematic viscosity n and thermal diffusivity a can be calculated from their definitions, n m / r and a k / r cp n /Pr. The temperatures 0.01C, 100C, and 374.14C are the triple-, boiling-, and critical-point temperatures of water, respectively. The properties listed above (except the vapor density) can be used at any pressure with negligible error except at temperatures near the critical-point value. Note 2: The unit kJ/kg · C for specific heat is equivalent to kJ/kg · K, and the unit W/m · C for thermal conductivity is equivalent to W/m · K. Source: Viscosity and thermal conductivity data are from J. V. Sengers and J. T. R. Watson, Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data 15 (1986), pp. 1291–1322. Other data are obtained from various sources or calculated.
Çengel: Introduction to Thermodynamics and Heat Transfer, Second Edition
Back Matter
Appendix 1: Property Tables and Charts (SI Units)
793
© The McGraw−Hill Companies, 2008
Appendix 1
|
791
TABLE A–16 Properties of saturated refrigerant-134a
Density Saturation r , kg/m3 Temp. Pressure T , C P , kPa Liquid Vapor 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100
51.2 66.2 84.4 106.5 132.8 164.0 200.7 243.5 293.0 349.9 414.9 488.7 572.1 665.8 770.6 887.5 1017.1 1160.5 1318.6 1492.3 1682.8 1891.0 2118.2 2365.8 2635.2 2928.2 3246.9 3594.1 3975.1
1418 1403 1389 1 374 1 359 1 343 1 327 1 311 1 295 1 278 1 261 1 244 1 226 1207 1188 1168 1 147 1 125 1 102 1 078 1 053 1 026 996.2 964 928.2 887.1 837.7 772.5 651.7
2.773 3.524 4.429 5.509 6.787 8.288 10.04 12.07 14.42 17.12 20.22 23.75 27.77 32.34 37.53 43.41 50.08 57.66 66.27 76.11 87.38 100.4 115.6 133.6 155.3 182.3 217.8 269.3 376.3
Specific Enthalpy Heat of c , p J/kg · K Vaporization h fg, kJ/kg Liquid Vapor 225.9 222.7 219.5 216.3 213.0 209.5 206.0 202.4 198.7 194.8 190.8 186.6 182.3 177.8 173.1 168.2 163.0 157.6 151.8 145.7 139.1 132.1 124.4 115.9 106.4 95.4 82.2 64.9 33.9
1254 1264 1273 1283 1294 1306 1318 1330 1344 1358 1374 1390 1408 1427 1448 1471 1498 1529 1566 1608 1659 1722 1801 1907 2056 2287 2701 3675 7959
748.6 764.1 780.2 797.2 814.9 833.5 853.1 873.8 895.6 918.7 943.2 969.4 997.6 1028 1061 1098 1138 1184 1237 1298 1372 1462 1577 1731 1948 2281 2865 4144 8785
Thermal Conductivity k , W/m · K Liquid
Vapor
0.1101 0.1084 0.1066 0.1047 0.1028 0.1009 0.0989 0.0968 0.0947 0.0925 0.0903 0.0880 0.0856 0.0833 0.0808 0.0783 0.0757 0.0731 0.0704 0.0676 0.0647 0.0618 0.0587 0.0555 0.0521 0.0484 0.0444 0.0396 0.0322
0.00811 0.00862 0.00913 0 .00963 0 .01013 0 .01063 0 .01112 0.01161 0.01210 0.01259 0.01308 0.01357 0.01406 0.01456 0.01507 0.01558 0 .01610 0 .01664 0 .01720 0 .01777 0 .01838 0 .01902 0.01972 0.02048 0.02133 0.02233 0.02357 0.02544 0 .02989
Liquid
Vapor
Volume Expansion Coefficient Surface b, l/K Tension, Liquid N/m
106 5.558 106 5.257 106 4.992 106 4.757 106 4.548 106 4.363 106 4.198 106 4.051 106 3.919 106 3.802 106 3.697 106 3.604 105 3.521 105 3.448 105 3.383 105 3.328 105 3.285 105 3.253 105 3.231 105 3.223 105 3.229 105 3.255 105 3.307 105 3.400 105 3.558 105 3.837 105 4.385 105 5.746 105 11.77
0.235 0.266 0.299 0.335 0.374 0.415 0.459 0.505 0.553 0.603 0.655 0.708 0.763 0.819 0.877 0.935 0.995 1.058 1.123 1.193 1.272 1.362 1.471 1.612 1.810 2.116 2.658 3.862 8.326
0.00205 0.00209 0.00215 0.00220 0.00227 0.00233 0.00241 0.00249 0.00258 0.00269 0.00280 0.00293 0.00307 0.00324 0.00342 0.00364 0.00390 0.00420 0.00455 0.00500 0.00554 0.00624 0.00716 0.00843 0.01031 0.01336 0.01911 0.03343 0.10047
Prandtl Number Pr
Dynamic Viscosity m, kg/m · s Liquid 4.878 4.509 4.178 3.882 3.614 3.371 3.150 2.947 2.761 2.589 2.430 2.281 2.142 2.012 1.888 1.772 1.660 1.554 1.453 1.355 1.260 1.167 1.077 9.891 9.011 8.124 7.203 6.190 4.765
104 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 105 105 105 105 105 105
Vapor 2.550 3.003 3.504 4.054 4.651 5.295 5.982 6.709 7.471 8.264 9.081 9.915 1.075 1.160 1.244 1.327 1.408 1.486 1.562 1.634 1.704 1.771 1.839 1.908 1.982 2.071 2.187 2.370 2.833
0.01760 0.01682 0.01604 0.01527 0.01451 0.01376 0.01302 0.01229 0.01156 0.01084 0.01014 0.00944 0.00876 0.00808 0.00742 0.00677 0.00613 0.00550 0.00489 0.00429 0.00372 0.00315 0.00261 0.00209 0.00160 0.00114 0.00071 0.00033 0.00004
p Note 1: Kinematic viscosity n and thermal diffusivity a can be calculated from their definitions, n m / r and a k / rc n /Pr. The properties listed here (except the vapor density) can be used at any pressures with negligible error except at temperatures near the critical-point value.
Note 2 : The unit kJ/kg · C for specific heat is equivalent to kJ/kg · K, and the unit W/m · C for thermal conductivity is equivalent to W/m · K. Source : Data generated from the EES software developed by S. A. Klein and F. L. Alvarado. Original sources: R. Tillner-Roth and H. D. Baehr, “An International Standard Formulation for the Thermodynamic Properties of 1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134a) for Temperatures from 170 K to 455 K and Pressures up to 70 MPa,” J. Phys. Chem, Ref. Data , Vol. 23, No. 5, 1994; M.J. Assael, N. K. Dalaouti, A. A. Griva, and J. H. Dymond, “Viscosity and Thermal Conductivity of Halogenated Methane and Ethane Refrigerants,” IJR , Vol. 22, pp. 525–535, 1999; NIST REFPROP 6 program (M. O. McLinden, S. A. Klein, E. W. Lemmon, and A. P. Peskin, Physical and Chemica l Properties Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO 80303, 1995).
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Appendix 1: Property Tables and Charts (SI Units)
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Introduction to Thermodynamics and Heat Transfer
TABLE A–17 Properties of saturated ammonia Specific Thermal Enthalpy Density Heat Conductivity of Saturation r , kg/m3 k , W/m · K Vaporization c p , J/kg · K Temp. Pressure T , C P , kPa Liquid Vapor h fg, kJ/kg Liquid Vapor Liquid Vapor 40 30 25 20 15 10 5
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100
71.66 119.4 151.5 190.1 236.2 290.8 354.9 429.6 516 615.3 728.8 857.8 1003 1167 1351 1555 1782 2033 2310 2614 2948 3312 3709 4141 4609 5116 5665 6257
690.2 677.8 671.5 665.1 658.6 652.1 645.4 638.6 631.7 624.6 617.5 610.2 602.8 595.2 587.4 579.4 571.3 562.9 554.2 545.2 536.0 526.3 516.2 505.7 494.5 482.8 470.2 456.6
0.6435 1.037 1.296 1.603 1.966 2.391 2.886 3.458 4.116 4.870 5.729 6.705 7.809 9.055 10.46 12.03 13.8 15.78 18.00 20.48 23.26 26.39 29.90 33.87 38.36 43.48 49.35 56.15
1389 1360 1345 1329 1313 1297 1280 1262 1244 1226 1206 1186 1166 1144 1122 1099 1075 1051 1025 997.4 968.9 939.0 907.5 874.1 838.6 800.6 759.8 715.5
4414 4465 4489 4514 4538 4564 4589 4617 4645 4676 4709 4745 4784 4828 4877 4932 4993 5063 5143 5234 5340 5463 5608 5780 5988 6242 6561 6972
2242 2322 2369 2420 2476 2536 2601 2672 2749 2831 2920 3016 3120 3232 3354 3486 3631 3790 3967 4163 4384 4634 4923 5260 5659 6142 6740 7503
— — 0.5968 0.5853 0.5737 0.5621 0.5505 0.5390 0.5274 0.5158 0.5042 0.4927 0.4811 0.4695 0.4579 0.4464 0.4348 0.4232 0.4116 0.4001 0.3885 0.3769 0.3653 0.3538 0.3422 0.3306 0.3190 0.3075
0.01792 0.01898 0.01957 0.02015 0.02075 0.02138 0.02203 0.02270 0.02341 0.02415 0.02492 0.02573 0.02658 0.02748 0.02843 0.02943 0.03049 0.03162 0.03283 0.03412 0.03550 0.03700 0.03862 0.04038 0.04232 0.04447 0.04687 0.04958
Prandtl Number Pr
Dynamic Viscosity m, kg/m · s Liquid 2.926 2.630 2.492 2.361 2.236 2.117 2.003 1.896 1 .794 1.697 1.606 1.519 1.438 1.361 1.288 1.219 1.155 1.094 1.037 9.846 9.347 8.879 8.440 8.030 7.646 7.284 6.946 6.628
Vapor 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105
7.957 8.311 8.490 8.669 8.851 9.034 9.218 9.405 9.593 9.784 9.978 1.017 1.037 1.057 1.078 1.099 1.121 1.143 1.166 1.189 1.213 1.238 1.264 1.292 1.322 1.354 1.389 1.429
106 106 106 106 106 106 106 106 106 106 106 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105
Liquid
Vapor
— — 1.875 1.821 1.769 1.718 1.670 1.624 1.580 1.539 1.500 1.463 1.430 1.399 1.372 1.347 1.327 1.310 1.297 1.288 1.285 1.287 1.296 1.312 1.338 1.375 1.429 1.503
0.9955 1.017 1.028 1.041 1.056 1.072 1.089 1.107 1.126 1.147 1.169 1.193 1.218 1.244 1.272 1.303 1.335 1.371 1.409 1.452 1.499 1.551 1.612 1.683 1.768 1.871 1.999 2.163
Volume Expansion Coefficient Surface Tension, b, l/K Liquid N/m 0.00176 0.00185 0.00190 0.00194 0.00199 0.00205 0.00210 0.00216 0.00223 0.00230 0.00237 0.00245 0.00254 0.00264 0.00275 0.00287 0.00301 0.00316 0.00334 0.00354 0.00377 0.00404 0.00436 0.00474 0.00521 0.00579 0.00652 0.00749
0.03565 0 .03341 0.03229 0.03118 0.03007 0.02896 0.02786 0.02676 0.02566 0.02457 0.02348 0.02240 0.02132 0.02024 0.01917 0.01810 0.01704 0.01598 0.01493 0.01389 0.01285 0.01181 0.01079 0.00977 0.00876 0.00776 0.00677 0.00579
p n /Pr. The properties listed here Note 1: Kinematic viscosity n and thermal diffusivity a can be calculated from their definitions, n m / r and a k/ rc (except the vapor density) can be used at any pressures with negligible error except at temperatures near the critical-point value.
Note 2 : The unit kJ/kg · C for specific heat is equivalent to kJ/kg · K, and the unit W/m · C for thermal conductivity is equivalent to W/m · K. Source : Data generated from the EES software developed by S. A. Klein and F. L. Alvarado. Original sources: Tillner-Roth, Harms-Watzenberg, and Baehr, “Eine neue Fundamentalgleichung fur Ammoniak,” DKV-Tagungsbericht 20:167–181, 1993; Liley and Desai, “Thermophysical Properties of Refrigerants,” ASHRAE , 1993, ISBN 1-1883413-10-9.
Çengel: Introduction to Thermodynamics and Heat Transfer, Second Edition
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Appendix 1: Property Tables and Charts (SI Units)
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TABLE A–18 Properties of saturated propane
Density Saturation r , kg/m3 Temp. Pressure T , C P , kPa Liquid Vapor 120
0.4053 1.157 2.881 100 6.406 90 12.97 80 70 24.26 42.46 60 70.24 50 40 110.7 30 167.3 20 243.8 10 344.4 0 473.3 5 549.8 10 635.1 15 729.8 20 834.4 25 949.7 30 1076 35 1215 40 1366 45 1530 50 1708 60 2110 70 2580 80 3127 90 3769 110
664.7 0.01408 654.5 0.03776 644.2 0.08872 633.8 0.1870 623.2 0.3602 612.5 0.6439 601.5 1.081 590.3 1.724 578.8 2.629 567.0 3.864 554.7 5.503 542.0 7.635 528.7 10.36 521.8 11.99 514.7 13.81 507.5 15.85 500.0 18.13 492.2 20.68 484.2 23.53 475.8 26.72 467.1 30.29 458.0 34.29 448.5 38.79 427.5 49.66 403.2 64.02 373.0 84.28 329.1 118.6
Specific Enthalpy Heat of c p , J/kg · K Vaporization h fg , kJ/kg Liquid Vapor 498.3 489.3 480.4 471.5 462.4 453.1 443.5 433.6 423.1 412.1 400.3 387.8 374.2 367.0 359.5 351.7 343.4 334.8 325.8 316.2 306.1 295.3 283.9 258.4 228.0 189.7 133.2
2003 2021 2044 2070 2100 2134 2173 2217 2258 2310 2368 2433 2507 2547 2590 2637 2688 2742 2802 2869 2943 3026 3122 3283 3595 4501 6977
1115 1148 1183 1221 1263 1308 1358 1412 1471 1535 1605 1682 1768 1814 1864 1917 1974 2036 2104 2179 2264 2361 2473 2769 3241 4173 7239
Thermal Conductivity k , W/m · K L iquid 0.1802 0.1738 0.1672 0.1606 0.1539 0.1472 0.1407 0.1343 0.1281 0.1221 0.1163 0.1107 0.1054 0.1028 0.1002 0.0977 0.0952 0.0928 0.0904 0.0881 0.0857 0.0834 0.0811 0.0765 0.0717 0.0663 0.0595
Vapor 0.00589 0.00645 0.00705 0.00769 0.00836 0.00908 0.00985 0.01067 0.01155 0.01250 0.01351 0.01459 0.01576 0.01637 0 .01701 0 .01767 0 .01836 0 .01908 0 .01982 0 .02061 0 .02142 0 .02228 0 .02319 0 .02517 0 .02746 0 .03029 0 .03441
Dynamic Viscosity m, kg/m · s Liquid 6.136 5.054 4.252 3 .635 3 .149 2 .755 2 .430 2 .158 1 .926 1 .726 1 .551 1 .397 1.259 1.195 1.135 1.077 1.022 9.702 9.197 8.710 8.240 7.785 7.343 6.487 5.649 4.790 3.807
104 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105
Volume Expansion Coefficient Surface b, l/K Tension, Vapor Liquid N/m
Prandtl Number Pr
Vapor
Liquid
4.372 106 4.625 106 4.881 106 5.143 106 5.409 106 5.680 106 5.956 106 6.239 106 6.529 106 6.827 106 7.136 106 7.457 106 7.794 106 7.970 106 8.151 106 8.339 106 8.534 106 8.738 106 8.952 106 9.178 106 9.417 106 9.674 106 9.950 105 1.058 105 1.138 105 1.249 105 1.448 105
6.820 5.878 5.195 4.686 4.297 3.994 3.755 3.563 3.395 3.266 3.158 3.069 2.996 2.964 2.935 2.909 2.886 2.866 2.850 2.837 2.828 2.824 2.826 2.784 2.834 3.251 4.465
0.827 0.822 0.819 0.817 0.817 0.818 0.821 0.825 0.831 0.839 0.848 0.860 0.875 0.883 0.893 0.905 0.918 0.933 0.950 0.971 0.995 1.025 1.061 1.164 1.343 1.722 3.047
0.00153 0.00157 0.00161 0.00166 0.00171 0.00177 0.00184 0.00192 0.00201 0.00213 0.00226 0.00242 0.00262 0.00273 0.00286 0.00301 0.00318 0.00337 0.00358 0.00384 0.00413 0.00448 0.00491 0.00609 0.00811 0.01248 0.02847
0.02630 0.02486 0.02344 0.02202 0.02062 0.01923 0.01785 0.01649 0.01515 0.01382 0.01251 0.01122 0.00996 0.00934 0.00872 0.00811 0.00751 0.00691 0.00633 0.00575 0.00518 0.00463 0.00408 0.00303 0.00204 0.00114 0.00037
Note 1: Kinematic viscosity n and thermal diffusivity a can be calculated from their definitions, n m / r and a k / mc p n /Pr. The properties listed here (except the vapor density) can be used at any pressures with negligible error except at temperatures near the critical-point value. Note 2 : The unit kJ/kg · C for specific heat is equivalent to kJ/kg · K, and the unit W/m · C for thermal conductivity is equivalent to W/m · K. Source : Data generated from the EES software developed by S. A. Klein and F. L. Alvarado. Original sources: Reiner Tillner-Roth, “Fundamental Equations of State,” Shaker, Verlag, Aachan, 1998; B. A. Younglove and J. F. Ely, “Thermophysical Properties of Fluids. II Methane, Ethane, Propane, Isobutane, and Normal Butane,” J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data , Vol. 16, No. 4, 1987; G.R. Somayajulu, “A Generalized Equation for Surface Tension from the Triple-Point to the CriticalPoint,” International Journal of Thermophysics , Vol. 9, No. 4, 1988.
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Appendix 1: Property Tables and Charts (SI Units)
© The McGraw−Hill Companies, 2008
Introduction to Thermodynamics and Heat Transfer
TABLE A–19 Properties of liquids
Temp. T , C
Density r , kg/m3
Specific Heat c p , J/kg · K
Thermal Conductivity k , W/m · K
Thermal Diffusivity a, m2 /s
Dynamic Viscosity m, kg/m · s
Kinematic Viscosity n, m2 /s
Prandtl Number Pr
Volume Expansion Coeff. b, 1/K
Methane [CH 4 ] 160 150 140 130 120 110 100 90
420.2 405.0 388.8 371.1 351.4 328.8 301.0 261.7
3492 3580 3700 3875 4146 4611 5578 8902
0.1863 0.1703 0.1550 0.1402 0.1258 0.1115 0.0967 0.0797
1.270 1.174 1.077 9.749 8.634 7.356 5.761 3.423
107 107 107 108 108 108 108 108
1.133 9.169 7.551 6.288 5.257 4.377 3.577 2.761
104 105 105 105 105 105 105 105
2.699 2.264 1.942 1.694 1.496 1.331 1.188 1.055
107 107 107 107 107 107 107 107
2.126 1.927 1.803 1.738 1.732 1.810 2.063 3.082
0.00352 0.00391 0.00444 0.00520 0.00637 0.00841 0.01282 0.02922
104 104 104 104 104 104
7.429 6.531 5.795 5.185 4.677 4.250
107 107 107 107 107 107
7.414 6.622 5.980 5.453 5.018 4.655
0.00118 0.00120 0.00123 0.00127 0.00132 0.00137
104 104 104 104 104 104 104 105 105
1.360 8.531 5.942 4.420 3.432 2.743 2.233 1.836 1.509
106 107 107 107 107 107 107 107 107
12.65 8.167 6.079 4.963 4.304 3.880 3.582 3.363 3.256
0.00142 0.00150 0.00161 0.00177 0.00199 0.00232 0.00286 0.00385 0.00628
8.219 5.287 3.339 1.970 1.201 7.878 5.232 3.464 2.455
103 103 103 103 103 104 104 104 104
84,101 54,327 34,561 20,570 12,671 8,392 5,631 3,767 2,697
4.242 9.429 2.485 8.565 3.794 2.046 1.241 8.029 6.595
103 104 104 105 105 105 105 106 106
46,636 10,863 2,962 1,080 499.3 279.1 176.3 118.1 98.31
Methanol [CH 3 (OH)]
20 30 40 50 60 70
788.4 779.1 769.6 760.1 750.4 740.4
2515 2577 2644 2718 2798 2885
0.1987 0.1980 0.1972 0.1965 0.1957 0.1950
1.002 9.862 9.690 9.509 9.320 9.128
107 108 108 108 108 108
5.857 5.088 4.460 3.942 3.510 3.146
Isobutane (R600a) 100 75 50 25
0 25 50 75 100
683.8 659.3 634.3 608.2 580.6 550.7 517.3 478.5 429.6
1881 1970 2069 2180 2306 2455 2640 2896 3361
0.1383 0.1357 0.1283 0.1181 0.1068 0.0956 0.0851 0.0757 0.0669
1.075 1.044 9.773 8.906 7.974 7.069 6.233 5.460 4.634
107 107 108 108 108 108 108 108 108
9.305 5.624 3.769 2.688 1.993 1.510 1.155 8.785 6.483
Glycerin
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
1276 1273 1270 1267 1264 1261 1258 1255 1252
2262 2288 2320 2354 2386 2416 2447 2478 2513
0.2820 0.2835 0.2846 0.2856 0.2860 0.2860 0.2860 0.2860 0.2863
9.773 9.732 9.662 9.576 9.484 9.388 9.291 9.195 9.101
108 108 108 108 108 108 108 108 108
10.49 6.730 4.241 2.496 1.519 0.9934 0.6582 0.4347 0.3073
Engine Oil (unused)
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 150
899.0 888.1 876.0 863.9 852.0 840.0 828.9 816.8 810.3
1797 1881 1964 2048 2132 2220 2308 2395 2441
0.1469 0.1450 0.1444 0.1404 0.1380 0.1367 0.1347 0.1330 0.1327
9.097 8.680 8.391 7.934 7.599 7.330 7.042 6.798 6.708
108 108 108 108 108 108 108 108 108
3.814 0.8374 0.2177 0.07399 0.03232 0.01718 0.01029 0.006558 0.005344
Source : Data generated from the EES software developed by S. A. Klein and F. L. Alvarado. Originally based on various sources.
0.00070 0.00070 0.00070 0.00070 0.00070 0.00070 0.00070 0.00070 0.00070
Çengel: Introduction to Thermodynamics and Heat Transfer, Second Edition
Back Matter
Appendix 1: Property Tables and Charts (SI Units)
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Appendix 1
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TABLE A–20 Properties of liquid metals
Temp. T , C
Density r , kg/m3
Specific Heat c p , J/kg · K
Thermal Conductivity k , W/m · K
Thermal Diffusivity a, m2 /s
Dynamic Viscosity m, kg/m · s
Mercury (Hg) Melting Point:
0 25 50 75 100 150 200 250 300
13595 13534 13473 13412 13351 13231 13112 12993 12873
140.4 139.4 138.6 137.8 137.1 136.1 135.5 135.3 135.3
8.18200 8.51533 8.83632 9.15632 9.46706 10.07780 10.65465 11.18150 11.68150
4.287 4.514 4.734 4.956 5.170 5.595 5.996 6.363 6.705
106 106 106 106 106 106 106 106 106
Kinematic Viscosity n, m2 /s
Volume Expansion Coeff. b, 1/K
Prandtl Number Pr
39 C
1.687 1.534 1.423 1.316 1.245 1.126 1.043 9.820 9.336
103 103 103 103 103 103 103 104 104
1.241 1.133 1.056 9.819 9.326 8.514 7.959 7.558 7.252
107 107 107 108 108 108 108 108 108
0.0289 0.0251 0.0223 0.0198 0.0180 0.0152 0.0133 0.0119 0.0108
1.545 1.436 1.215 1.048 9.157
107 107 107 107 108
0.01381 0.01310 0.01154 0.01022 0.00906
2.167 1.976 1.814 1.702 1.589 1.475 1.360
107 107 107 107 107 107 107
0.02252 0.02048 0.01879 0.01771 0.01661 0.01549 0.01434
7.432 5.967 4.418 3.188 2.909 2.614
107 107 107 107 107 107
0.01106 0.008987 0.006751 0.004953 0.004593 0.004202
4.213 3.456 2.652 2.304 2.126
107 107 107 107 107
0.006023 0.004906 0.00374 0.003309 0.003143
107 107 107 107 107 107
0.02102 0.01611 0.01161 0.00753 0.00665 0.00579
1.810 1.810 1.810 1.810 1.810 1.810 1.815 1.829 1.854
Bismuth (Bi) Melting Point: 271C
350 400 500 600 700
9969 9908 9785 9663 9540
146.0 148.2 152.8 157.3 161.8
16.28 16.10 15.74 15.60 15.60
1.118 1.096 1.052 1.026 1.010
105 105 105 105 105
1.540 1.422 1.188 1.013 8.736
103 103 103 103 104
Lead (Pb) Melting Point: 327 C
400 450 500 550 600 650 700
10506 10449 10390 10329 10267 10206 10145
158 156 155 155 155 155 155
15.97 15.74 15.54 15.39 15.23 15.07 14.91
9.623 9.649 9.651 9.610 9.568 9.526 9.483
106 106 106 106 106 106 106
2.277 2.065 1.884 1.758 1.632 1.505 1.379
103 103 103 103 103 103 103
Sodium (Na) Melting Point: 98 C
100 200 300 400 500 600
927.3 902.5 877.8 853.0 828.5 804.0
1378 1349 1320 1296 1284 1272
85.84 80.84 75.84 71.20 67.41 63.63
6.718 6.639 6.544 6.437 6.335 6.220
105 105 105 105 105 105
6.892 5.385 3.878 2.720 2.411 2.101
104 104 104 104 104 104
Potassium (K) Melting Point: 64 C
200 300 400 500 600
795.2 771.6 748.0 723.9 699.6
790.8 772.8 754.8 750.0 750.0
43.99 42.01 40.03 37.81 35.50
6.995 7.045 7.090 6.964 6.765
105 105 105 105 105
3.350 2.667 1.984 1.668 1.487
104 104 104 104 104
Sodium-Potassium (%22Na-%78K) Melting Point:
100 200 300 400 500 600
847.3 823.2 799.1 775.0 751.5 728.0
944.4 922.5 900.6 879.0 880.1 881.2
25.64 26.27 26.89 27.50 27.89 28.28
3.205 3.459 3.736 4.037 4.217 4.408
105 105 105 105 105 105
5.707 4.587 3.467 2.357 2.108 1.859
104 104 104 104 104 104
11C
6.736 5.572 4.339 3.041 2.805 2.553
Source : Data generated from the EES software developed by S. A. Klein and F. L. Alvarado. Originally based on various sources.
104 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 104
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Appendix 1: Property Tables and Charts (SI Units)
© The McGraw−Hill Companies, 2008
Introduction to Thermodynamics and Heat Transfer
TABLE A–21 Ideal-gas properties of air u kJ/kg
v r
s° kJ/kg · K
T K
h kJ/kg
P r
0.3363 0.3987 0.4690 0.5477 0.6355
1 42.56 1 49.69 1 56.82 1 64.00 1 71.13
1 707.0 1 512.0 1 346.0 1 205.0 1 084.0
1 .29559 1 .34444 1 .39105 1 .43557 1 .47824
580 590 600 610 620
586.04 596.52 607.02 617.53 628.07
250.05 260.09 270.11 280.13 285.14
0.7329 0.8405 0.9590 1.0889 1.1584
178.28 185.45 192.60 199.75 203.33
979.0 887.8 808.0 738.0 706.1
1.51917 1.55848 1.59634 1.63279 1.65055
630 640 650 660 670
290 295 298 300 305
290.16 295.17 298.18 300.19 305.22
1.2311 1.3068 1.3543 1.3860 1.4686
206.91 210.49 212.64 214.07 217.67
676.1 647.9 631.9 621.2 596.0
1.66802 1.68515 1.69528 1.70203 1.71865
310 315 320 325 330
310.24 315.27 320.29 325.31 330.34
1.5546 1.6442 1.7375 1.8345 1.9352
221.25 224.85 228.42 232.02 235.61
572.3 549.8 528.6 508.4 489.4
340 350 360 370 380
340.42 350.49 360.58 370.67 380.77
2.149 2.379 2.626 2.892 3.176
242.82 250.02 257.24 264.46 271.69
390 400 410 420 430
390.88 400.98 411.12 421.26 431.43
3.481 3.806 4.153 4.522 4.915
440 450 460 470 480
4 41.61 4 51.80 4 62.02 4 72.24 4 82.49
490 500 510 520 530
492.74 503.02 513.32 523.63 533.98
540 550 560 570
544.35 11.10 555.74 11.86 565.17 12.66 575.59 13.50
T K
h kJ/kg
P r
200 210 220 230 240
1 99.97 2 09.97 2 19.97 2 30.02 2 40.02
250 260 270 280 285
s° kJ/kg · K
u kJ/kg
v r
14.38 15.31 16.28 17.30 18.36
4 19.55 4 27.15 4 34.78 4 42.42 4 50.09
1 15.7 1 10.6 1 05.8 1 01.2 96.92
2.37348 2.39140 2.40902 2.42644 2.44356
638.63 649.22 659.84 670.47 681.14
19.84 20.64 21.86 23.13 24.46
457.78 465.50 473.25 481.01 488.81
92.84 88.99 85.34 81.89 78.61
2.46048 2.47716 2.49364 2.50985 2.52589
680 690 700 710 720
691.82 702.52 713.27 724.04 734.82
25.85 27.29 28.80 30.38 32.02
496.62 504.45 512.33 520.23 528.14
75.50 72.56 69.76 67.07 64.53
2.54175 2.55731 2.57277 2.58810 2.60319
1.73498 1.75106 1.76690 1.78249 1.79783
730 740 750 760 780
745.62 756.44 767.29 778.18 800.03
33.72 35.50 37.35 39.27 43.35
536.07 544.02 551.99 560.01 576.12
62.13 59.82 57.63 55.54 51.64
2.61803 2.63280 2.64737 2.66176 2.69013
454.1 422.2 393.4 367.2 343.4
1.82790 1.85708 1.88543 1.91313 1.94001
800 820 840 860 880
821.95 843.98 866.08 888.27 910.56
47.75 52.59 57.60 63.09 68.98
592.30 608.59 624.95 641.40 657.95
48.08 44.84 41.85 39.12 36.61
2.71787 2.74504 2.77170 2.79783 2.82344
278.93 286.16 293.43 300.69 307.99
321.5 301.6 283.3 266.6 251.1
1.96633 1.99194 2.01699 2.04142 2.06533
900 920 940 960 980
932.93 955.38 977.92 1000.55 1023.25
75.29 82.05 89.28 97.00 105.2
674.58 691.28 708.08 725.02 741.98
34.31 32.18 30.22 28.40 26.73
2.84856 2.87324 2.89748 2.92128 2.94468
5.332 5.775 6.245 6.742 7.268
315.30 322.62 329.97 337.32 344.70
236.8 223.6 211.4 200.1 189.5
2 .08870 2 .11161 2 .13407 2 .15604 2 .17760
1000 1020 1040 1060 1080
1 046.04 1 068.89 1 091.85 1 114.86 1 137.89
1 14.0 1 23.4 1 33.3 1 43.9 1 55.2
758.94 776.10 793.36 810.62 827.88
25.17 23.72 23.29 21.14 19.98
2.96770 2.99034 3.01260 3.03449 3.05608
7.824 8.411 9.031 9.684 10.37
352.08 359.49 366.92 374.36 381.84
179.7 170.6 162.1 154.1 146.7
2.19876 2.21952 2.23993 2.25997 2.27967
1100 1120 1140 1160 1180
1161.07 1184.28 1207.57 1230.92 1254.34
167.1 179.7 193.1 207.2 222.2
845.33 862.79 880.35 897.91 915.57
18.896 17.886 16.946 16.064 15.241
3.07732 3.09825 3.11883 3.13916 3.15916
389.34 396.86 404.42 411.97
139.7 2.29906 133.1 2.31809 127.0 2.33685 121.2 2.35531
1200 1220 1240
1277.79 1301.31 1324.93
238.0 254.7 272.3
933.33 951.09 968.95
14.470 13.747 13.069
3.17888 3.19834 3.21751
(Continued)
Çengel: Introduction to Thermodynamics and Heat Transfer, Second Edition
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Appendix 1: Property Tables and Charts (SI Units)
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Appendix 1
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TABLE A–21 Ideal-gas properties of air (Concluded ) T K
h kJ/kg
P r
1260 1280
1348.55 1372.24
1300 1320 1340 1360 1380
s° kJ/kg · K
T K
h kJ/kg
v r
290.8 310.4
986.90 1004.76
12.435 3.23638 11.835 3.25510
1600 1757.57 1620 1782.00
1395.97 1419.76 1443.60 1467.49 1491.44
330.9 352.5 375.3 399.1 424.2
1022.82 1040.88 1058.94 1077.10 1095.26
11.275 10.747 10.247 9.780 9.337
3.27345 3.29160 3.30959 3.32724 3.34474
1640 1660 1680 1700 1750
1806.46 878.9 1830.96 925.6 1855.50 974.2 1880.1 1025 1941.6 1161
1335.72 1354.48 1373.24 1392.7 1439.8
5.355 5.147 4.949 4.761 4.328
3.55381 3.56867 3.58335 3.5979 3.6336
1400 1420 1440 1460 1480
1515.42 1539.44 1563.51 1587.63 1611.79
450.5 478.0 506.9 537.1 568.8
1113.52 1131.77 1150.13 1168.49 1186.95
8.919 8.526 8.153 7.801 7.468
3.36200 3.37901 3.39586 3.41247 3.42892
1800 1850 1900 1950 2000
2003.3 2065.3 2127.4 2189.7 2252.1
1310 1475 1655 1852 2068
1487.2 1534.9 1582.6 1630.6 1678.7
3.994 3.601 3.295 3.022 2.776
3.6684 3.7023 3.7354 3.7677 3.7994
1500 1520 1540 1560 1580
1635.97 1660.23 1684.51 1708.82 1733.17
601.9 636.5 672.8 710.5 750.0
1205.41 1223.87 1242.43 1260.99 1279.65
7.152 6.854 6.569 6.301 6.046
3.44516 3.46120 3.47712 3.49276 3.50829
2050 2100 2150 2200 2250
2314.6 2377.7 2440.3 2503.2 2566.4
2303 2559 2837 3138 3464
1726.8 1775.3 1823.8 1872.4 1921.3
2.555 2.356 2.175 2.012 1.864
3.8303 3.8605 3.8901 3.9191 3.9474
P r
u kJ/kg
s° kJ/kg · K
u kJ/kg
v r
791.2 1298.30 5.804 834.1 1316.96 5.574
3.52364 3.53879
Note: The properties P r (relative pressure) and v r (relative specific volume) are dimensionless quantities used in the analysis of isentropic processes, and should not be confused with the properties pressure and specific volume. Source: Kenneth Wark, Thermodynamics, 4th ed. (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1983), pp. 785–86, table A–5. Originally published in J. H. Keenan and J. Kaye, Gas Tables (New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1948).
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Appendix 1: Property Tables and Charts (SI Units)
© The McGraw−Hill Companies, 2008
Introduction to Thermodynamics and Heat Transfer
TABLE A–22 Properties of air at 1 atm pressure Temp. T , C
Density r , kg/m3
Specific Heat c p , J/kg · K
Thermal Conductivity k , W/m · K
150
2.866 2.038 1.582 1.514 1.451 1.394 1.341 1.292 1.269 1.246 1.225 1.204 1.184 1.164 1.145 1.127 1.109 1.092 1.059 1.028 0.9994 0.9718 0.9458 0.8977 0.8542 0.8148 0.7788 0.7459 0.6746 0.6158 0.5664 0.5243 0.4880 0.4565 0.4042 0.3627 0.3289 0.3008 0.2772 0.1990 0.1553
983 966 999 1002 1004 1005 1006 1006 1006 1006 1007 1007 1007 1007 1007 1007 1007 1007 1007 1007 1008 1008 1009 1011 1013 1016 1019 1023 1033 1044 1056 1069 1081 1093 1115 1135 1153 1169 1184 1234 1264
0.01171 0.01582 0.01979 0.02057 0.02134 0.02211 0.02288 0.02364 0.02401 0.02439 0.02476 0.02514 0.02551 0.02588 0.02625 0.02662 0.02699 0.02735 0.02808 0.02881 0.02953 0.03024 0.03095 0.03235 0.03374 0.03511 0.03646 0.03779 0.04104 0.04418 0.04721 0.05015 0.05298 0.05572 0.06093 0.06581 0.07037 0.07465 0.07868 0.09599 0.11113
100 50 40 30 20 10
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 60 70 80 90 100 120 140 160 180 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1500 2000
Thermal Diffusivity a, m2 /s 4.158 8.036 1.252 1.356 1.465 1.578 1.696 1.818 1.880 1.944 2.009 2.074 2.141 2.208 2.277 2.346 2.416 2.487 2.632 2.780 2.931 3.086 3.243 3.565 3.898 4.241 4.593 4.954 5.890 6.871 7.892 8.951 1.004 1.117 1.352 1.598 1.855 2.122 2.398 3.908 5.664
106 106 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 104
Dynamic Viscosity m, kg/m · s 8.636 1.189 1.474 1.527 1.579 1.630 1.680 1.729 1.754 1.778 1.802 1.825 1.849 1.872 1.895 1.918 1.941 1.963 2.008 2.052 2.096 2.139 2.181 2.264 2.345 2.420 2.504 2.577 2.760 2.934 3.101 3.261 3.415 3.563 3.846 4.111 4.362 4.600 4.826 5.817 6.630
106 106 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105
Kinematic Viscosity n, m2 / s 3.013 5.837 9.319 1.008 1.087 1.169 1.252 1.338 1.382 1.426 1.470 1.516 1.562 1.608 1.655 1.702 1.750 1.798 1.896 1.995 2.097 2.201 2.306 2.522 2.745 2.975 3.212 3.455 4.091 4.765 5.475 6.219 6.997 7.806 9.515 1.133 1.326 1.529 1.741 2.922 4.270
106 106 106 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 104 104 104 104 104 104
Prandtl Number Pr 0.7246 0.7263 0.7440 0.7436 0.7425 0.7408 0.7387 0.7362 0.7350 0.7336 0.7323 0.7309 0.7296 0.7282 0.7268 0.7255 0.7241 0.7228 0.7202 0.7177 0.7154 0.7132 0.7111 0.7073 0.7041 0.7014 0.6992 0.6974 0.6946 0.6935 0.6937 0.6948 0.6965 0.6986 0.7037 0.7092 0.7149 0.7206 0.7260 0.7478 0.7539
Note : For ideal gases, the properties c p , k , m , and Pr are independent of pressure. The properties r , n , and a at a pressure P (in atm) other than 1 atm are determined by multiplying the values of r at the given temperature by P and by dividing n and a by P . Source: Data generated from the EES software developed by S. A. Klein and F. L. Alvarado. Original sources: Keenan, Chao, Keyes, Gas Tables, Wiley, 1984; and Thermophysical Properties of Matter. Vol. 3: Thermal Conductivity, Y. S. Touloukian, P. E. Liley, S. C. Saxena, Vol. 11: Viscosity, Y. S. Touloukian, S. C. Saxena, and P. Hestermans, IFI/Plenun, NY, 1970, ISBN 0-306067020-8.
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Appendix 1
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799
TABLE A–23 Properties of gases at 1 atm pressure Temp. T , C
Density r , kg/m3
Specific Heat c p , J/ kg · K
Thermal Conductivity k , W/m · K
Thermal Diffusivity a, m2 /s
Dynamic Viscosity m, kg/m · s
Kinematic Viscosity n, m2 / s
Prandtl Number Pr
Carbon Dioxide, CO 2 50
0 50 100 150 200 300 400 500 1000 1500 2000
2.4035 1.9635 1.6597 1.4373 1.2675 1.1336 0.9358 0.7968 0.6937 0.4213 0.3025 0.2359
746 811 866.6 914.8 957.4 995.2 1060 1112 1156 1292 1356 1387
0.01051 0.01456 0.01858 0.02257 0.02652 0.03044 0.03814 0.04565 0.05293 0.08491 0.10688 0.11522
5.860 9.141 1.291 1.716 2.186 2.698 3.847 5.151 6.600 1.560 2.606 3.521
106 106 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 104 104 104
1.129 1.375 1.612 1.841 2.063 2.276 2.682 3.061 3.416 4.898 6.106 7.322
105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105
4.699 7.003 9.714 1.281 1.627 2.008 2.866 3.842 4.924 1.162 2.019 3.103
106 106 106 105 105 105 105 105 105 104 104 104
0.8019 0.7661 0.7520 0.7464 0.7445 0.7442 0.7450 0.7458 0.7460 0.7455 0.7745 0.8815
105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 104 104 104 104
1.378 1.629 1.863 2.080 2.283 2.472 2.812 3.111 3.379 4.557 6.321 9.826
105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105
9.012 1.303 1.764 2.274 2.830 3.426 4.722 6.136 7.653 1.700 3.284 6.543
106 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 104 104 104
0.7840 0.7499 0.7328 0.7239 0.7191 0.7164 0.7134 0.7111 0.7087 0.7080 0.7733 0.9302
105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 104 104 104 104
8.564 1.028 1.191 1.345 1.491 1.630 1.886 2.119 2.334 3.281 4.434 6.360
106 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105
9.774 1.436 1.969 2.567 3.227 3.944 5.529 7.297 9.228 2.136 4.022 7.395
106 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 104 104 104
0.8116 0.7494 0.7282 0.7247 0.7284 0.7344 0.7450 0.7501 0.7502 0.7331 0.7936 1.0386
104 104 104 104 104 104
7.293 8.391 9.427 1.041 1.136 1.228
106 106 106 105 105 105
6.624 9.329 1.240 1.582 1.957 2.365
105 105 104 104 104 104
0.6562 0.7071 0.7191 0.7196 0.7174 0.7155
Carbon Monoxide, CO 50
0 50 100 150 200 300 400 500 1000 1500 2000
1.5297 1.2497 1.0563 0.9148 0.8067 0.7214 0.5956 0.5071 0.4415 0.2681 0.1925 0.1502
1081 1048 1039 1041 1049 1060 1085 1111 1135 1226 1279 1309
0.01901 0.02278 0.02641 0.02992 0.03330 0.03656 0.04277 0.04860 0.05412 0.07894 0.10458 0.13833
1.149 1.739 2.407 3.142 3.936 4.782 6.619 8.628 1.079 2.401 4.246 7.034
Methane, CH 4 50
0 50 100 150 200 300 400 500 1000 1500 2000
0.8761 0.7158 0.6050 0.5240 0.4620 0.4132 0.3411 0.2904 0.2529 0.1536 0.1103 0.0860
2243 2217 2302 2443 2611 2791 3158 3510 3836 5042 5701 6001
0.02367 0.03042 0.03766 0.04534 0.05344 0.06194 0.07996 0.09918 0.11933 0.22562 0.31857 0.36750
1.204 1.917 2.704 3.543 4.431 5.370 7.422 9.727 1.230 2.914 5.068 7.120
Hydrogen, H 2 50
0 50 100 150 200
0.11010 0.08995 0.07603 0.06584 0.05806 0.05193
12635 13920 14349 14473 14492 14482
0.1404 0.1652 0.1881 0.2095 0.2296 0.2486
1.009 1.319 1.724 2.199 2.729 3.306
(Continued)
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Back Matter
Appendix 1: Property Tables and Charts (SI Units)
© The McGraw−Hill Companies, 2008
Introduction to Thermodynamics and Heat Transfer
TABLE A–23 Properties of gases at 1 atm pressure (Concluded ) Temp. T , C
Density r , kg/m3
300 400 500 1000 1500 2000
0.04287 0.03650 0.03178 0.01930 0.01386 0.01081
Specific Heat c p , J/ kg · K 14481 14540 14653 15577 16553 17400
Thermal Conductivity k , W/ m · K 0.2843 0.3180 0.3509 0.5206 0.6581 0.5480
Thermal Diffusivity a, m2 /s 4.580 5.992 7.535 1.732 2.869 2.914
Dynamic Viscosity m, kg/ m · s
Kinematic Viscosity n, m2 / s
Prandtl Number Pr
104 104 104 103 103 103
1.403 1.570 1.730 2.455 3.099 3.690
105 105 105 105 105 105
3.274 4.302 5.443 1.272 2.237 3.414
104 104 104 103 103 103
0.7149 0.7179 0.7224 0.7345 0.7795 1.1717
105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 104 104 104 104
1.390 1.640 1.874 2.094 2.300 2.494 2.849 3.166 3.451 4.594 5.562 6.426
105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105
9.091 1.312 1.774 2.289 2.851 3.457 4.783 6.242 7.816 1.713 2.889 4.278
106 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 104 104 104
0.6655 0.7121 0.7114 0.7056 0.7025 0.7025 0.7078 0.7153 0.7215 0.7022 0.5969 0.4483
105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 104 104 104 104
1.616 1.916 2.194 2.451 2.694 2.923 3.350 3.744 4.114 5.732 7.133 8.417
105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105
9.246 1.342 1.818 2.346 2.923 3.546 4.923 6.463 8.156 1.871 3.243 4.907
106 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 104 104 104
0.7694 0.7198 0.7053 0.7019 0.7019 0.7025 0.7030 0.7023 0.7010 0.6986 0.6985 0.6873
7.187 8.956 1.078 1.265 1.456 1.650 2.045 2.446 2.847 4.762 6.411 7.808
106 106 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105
7.305 1.114 1.587 2.150 2.806 3.556 5.340 7.498 1.002 2.761 5.177 8.084
106 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 104 104 104 104
1.0047 1.0033 0.9944 0.9830 0.9712 0.9599 0.9401 0.9240 0.9108 0.8639 0.8233 0.7833
Nitrogen, N 2 50
0 50 100 150 200 300 400 500 1000 1500 2000
1.5299 1.2498 1.0564 0.9149 0.8068 0.7215 0.5956 0.5072 0.4416 0.2681 0.1925 0.1502
957.3 1035 1042 1041 1043 1050 1070 1095 1120 1213 1266 1297
0.02001 0.02384 0.02746 0.03090 0.03416 0.03727 0.04309 0.04848 0.05358 0.07938 0.11793 0.18590
1.366 1.843 2.494 3.244 4.058 4.921 6.758 8.727 1.083 2.440 4.839 9.543
Oxygen, O 2 50
0 50 100 150 200 300 400 500 1000 1500 2000
1.7475 1.4277 1.2068 1.0451 0.9216 0.8242 0.6804 0.5793 0.5044 0.3063 0.2199 0.1716
984.4 928.7 921.7 931.8 947.6 964.7 997.1 1025 1048 1121 1165 1201
0.02067 0.02472 0.02867 0.03254 0.03637 0.04014 0.04751 0.05463 0.06148 0.09198 0.11901 0.14705
1.201 1.865 2.577 3.342 4.164 5.048 7.003 9.204 1.163 2.678 4.643 7.139
Water Vapor, H 2 O 50
0 50 100 150 200 300 400 500 1000 1500 2000
0.9839 0.8038 0.6794 0.5884 0.5189 0.4640 0.3831 0.3262 0.2840 0.1725 0.1238 0.0966
1892 1874 1874 1887 1908 1935 1997 2066 2137 2471 2736 2928
0.01353 0.01673 0.02032 0.02429 0.02861 0.03326 0.04345 0.05467 0.06677 0.13623 0.21301 0.29183
7.271 1.110 1.596 2.187 2.890 3.705 5.680 8.114 1.100 3.196 6.288 1.032
106 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 104 104 104 103
Note : For ideal gases, the properties c p , k , m , and Pr are independent of pressure. The properties r , n , and a at a pressure P (in atm) other than 1 atm are determined by multiplying the values of p at the given temperature by r and by dividing n and a by P . Source : Data generated from the EES software developed by S. A. Klein and F. L. Alvarado. Originally based on various sources.
Çengel: Introduction to Thermodynamics and Heat Transfer, Second Edition
Back Matter
Appendix 1: Property Tables and Charts (SI Units)
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Appendix 1
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801
TABLE A–24 Properties of solid metals Properties at Various Temperatures (K), · K)/ c p (J/kg · K) k (W/m
Properties at 300 K
Melting Point, K
r kg /m3
933
2702
903
237
97.1
Alloy 2024-T6 775 (4.5% Cu, 1.5% Mg, 0.6% Mn) Alloy 195, Cast (4.5% Cu) Beryllium 1550
2770
875
177
73.0
2790 1850
883 1825
Bismuth
545
9780
122
2573
2500
1107
27.0
594
8650
231
96.8
48.4
Chromium
2118
7160
449
93.7
29.1
Cobalt
1769
8862
421
99.2
26.6
Copper: Pure
1358
8933
385
401
117
Commercial bronze (90% Cu, 10% Al) Phosphor gear bronze (89% Cu, 11% Sn) Cartridge brass (70% Cu, 30% Zn) Constantan (55% Cu, 45% Ni) Germanium
1293
8800
420
52
14
1104
8780
355
54
17
1188
8530
380
110
1493
8920
384
23
1211
5360
322
59.9
Gold
1336
19,300
129
317
Iridium
2720
22,500
130
147
Iron: Pure
1810
7870
447
80.2
7870
447
7854
Composition Aluminum: Pure
Boron Cadmium
Armco (99.75% pure) Carbon steels: Plain carbon (Mn Si 0.1%) AISI 1010
1%
c p k a 106 J /kg · K W /m · K m 2 /s 100
168 200 7.86
68.2 59.2 6.59 9.76
200
400
600
302 482 65
237 798 163
240 949 186
231 1033 186
473
787
925
1042
1000
218 1146
174 185 990 301 161 126 106 90.8 203 1114 2191 2604 2823 3018 16.5 9.69 7.04 112 120 127 190 55.5 16.8 10.6 9.60 9.85 128 600 1463 1892 2160 2338 203 99.3 94.7 198 222 242 159 111 90.9 80.7 71.3 65.4 192 384 484 542 581 616 167 122 85.4 67.4 58.2 52.1 236 379 450 503 550 628 393 397 52 160 65 — 137 395
379 417 59 545 74 — 149 425
366 433
352 451
17 237 232 190 327 109 172 90
413 356 42 785 41 — 95 360 19 362 96.8 290 323 124 153 122
43.2 337 311 131 144 133
27.3 348 298 135 138 138
19.8 357 284 140 132 144
17.4 375 270 145 126 153
23.1
134 216
94.0 384
69.5 490
54.7 574
43.3 32.8 680 975
72.7
20.7
95.6 215
80.6 384
65.7 490
53.1 574
42.2 32.3 680 975
434
60.5
17.7
7832
434
63.9
18.8
7817
446
51.9
14.9
56.7 487 58.7 559 49.8 501
48.0 39.2 30.0 559 685 1169 48.8 39.2 31.3 685 1168 44.0 37.4 29.3 582 699 971
33.9 6.71 34.7 127 50.3
482 252
75
487 Carbon–silicon (Mn 1% 0.1% Si 0.6%)
800
(Continued)
804
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Çengel: Introduction to Thermodynamics and Heat Transfer, Second Edition
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Back Matter
Appendix 1: Property Tables and Charts (SI Units)
© The McGraw−Hill Companies, 2008
Introduction to Thermodynamics and Heat Transfer
TABLE A–24 Properties of solid metals ( Continued )
Composition
Melting Point, K
Carbon–manganese–silicon (1% Mn 1.65% 0.1% Si 0.6%) Chromium (low) steels: 1 Cr– 14 Mo–Si (0.18% C, 2 0.65% Cr, 0.23% Mo, 0.6% Si) 1 Cr– 12 Mo (0.16% C, 1% Cr, 0.54% Mo, 0.39% Si) 1 Cr–V (0.2% C, 1.02% Cr, 0.15% V) Stainless steels: AISI 302
Properties at Various Temperatures (K), · K)/ cp k (W/m (J/kg · K)
Properties at 300 K r kg /m3
c p k a 106 J / kg · K W / m · K m 2 /s 100
600
800
1000
35.0 27.6 685 1090
434
41.0
11.6
42.2 487
39.7 559
7822
444
37.7
10.9
38.2
36.7
7858
442
42.3
12.2
492 42.0
575 39.1
688 969 34.5 27.4
7836
443
48.9
14.1
492 46.8
575 42.1
688 969 36.3 28.2
492
575
688
480
15.1
3.91
7900
477
14.9
3.95
AISI 316
8238
468
13.4
3.48
AISI 347
7978
480
14.2
3.71
35.3
1670
400
8131
8055
AISI 304
200
Lead
601
11,340
129
Magnesium
923
1740
1024
156
87.6
Molybdenum
2894
10,240
251
138
53.7
Nickel: Pure
1728
8900
444
90.7
Nichrome (80% Ni, 20% Cr) Inconel X-750 (73% Ni, 15% Cr, 6.7% Fe) Niobium
1672
8400
420
12
1665
8510
439
11.7
3.1
2741
8570
265
53.7
23.6
Palladium
1827
12,020
244
71.8
24.5
Platinum: Pure
2045
21,450
133
71.6
25.1
Alloy 60Pt–40Rh (60% Pt, 40% Rh) Rhenium
1800
16,630
162
47
17.4
3453
21,100
136
47.9
16.7
Rhodium
2236
12,450
243
150
24.1
23.0 232 3.4
49.6
9.2 272
12.6 402
39.7 118 169 649 179 141
36.7 125 159 934 143 224
164 383
107 485
17.3 512 16.6 515 15.2 504 15.8 513 34.0 132 153 1074 134 261
33.3
26.9
969
20.0 22.8 559 585 19.8 22.6 557 582 18.3 21.3 550 576 18.9 21.9 559 585 31.4 142 149 146 1170 1267 126 118 275 285 65.6 530 16 525 17.0
67.6 562 21 545 20.5
25.4 606 25.4 611 24.2 602 24.7 606
112 295
8.7
10.3
80.2 592 14 480 13.5
71.8
— 55.2 188 76.5 168
372 52.6 249 71.6 227
473 55.2 274 73.6 251
510 58.2 283 79.7 261
546 626 61.3 64.4 292 301 86.9 94.2 271 281
77.5 100
72.6 125
58.9 97 186 147
51.0 127 154 220
71.8 136 52 — 46.1 139 146 253
73.2 141 59 — 44.2 145 136 274
75.6 146 65 — 44.1 151 127 293
24.0
78.7 152 69 — 44.6 156 121 311
(Continued)
Çengel: Introduction to Thermodynamics and Heat Transfer, Second Edition
Back Matter
Appendix 1: Property Tables and Charts (SI Units)
805
© The McGraw−Hill Companies, 2008
Appendix 1
|
803
TABLE A–24 Properties of solid metals ( Concluded ) Properties at Various Temperatures (K), · K)/ c p (J/kg · K) k (W/m
Properties at 300 K
Melting Point, K
r kg / m3
Silicon
1685
2330
712
148
Silver
1235
10,500
235
429
Tantalum
3269
16,600
140
57.5
24.7
Thorium
2023
11,700
118
54.0
39.1
505
7310
227
66.6
40.1
Titanium
1953
4500
522
21.9
Tungsten
3660
19,300
132
Uranium
1406
19,070
116
27.6
12.5
Vanadium
2192
6100
489
30.7
10.3
693
7140
389
2125
6570
278
Composition
Tin
Zinc Zirconium
c p k a 106 J / kg · K W / m · K m 2 / s 100
174
116 22.7
89.2 174
9.32 68.3
41.8 12.4
884 259 444 187 59.2 110 59.8 99 85.2 188 30.5 300 208 87 21.7 94 35.8 258 117 297 33.2 205
200
400
600
800
1000
264 556 430 225 57.5 133 54.6 112 73.3 215 24.5 465 186 122 25.1 108 31.3 430 118 367 25.2 264
98.9 790 425 239 57.8 144 54.5 124 62.2 243 20.4 551 159 137 29.6 125 31.3 515 111 402 21.6 300
61.9 867 412 250 58.6 146 55.8 134
42.4 913 396 262 59.4 149 56.9 145
31.2 946 379 277 60.2 152 56.9 156
19.4 591 137 142 34.0 146 33.3 540 103 436 20.7 332
19.7 633 125 146 38.8 176 35.7 563
20.7 675 118 148 43.9 180 38.2 597
21.6 23.7 342 362
From Frank P. Incropera and David P. DeWitt, Fundamentals of Heat and Mass Transfer, 3rd ed., 1990. This material is used by permission of John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
806
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Back Matter
Appendix 1: Property Tables and Charts (SI Units)
© The McGraw−Hill Companies, 2008
Introduction to Thermodynamics and Heat Transfer
TABLE A–25 Properties of solid non-metals
Composition Aluminum oxide, sapphire Aluminum oxide, polycrystalline Beryllium oxide Boron
Melting Point, K
c p k a 106 kg /m J/kg · KW/m · K m2 /s r
3
2323
3970
765
46
15.1
2323
3970
765
36.0
11.9
2725
3000
1030
2573
2500
1105
Boron fiber epoxy 590 (30% vol.) composite k , || to fibers k , to fibers c p
2080
Carbon Amorphous Diamond, type lla insulator Graphite, pyrolytic k , || to layers k , to layers c p
272 27.6
9.99
1122 1950
—
3500
2273
2210
—
1.60
100
200
400
600
450 — 133 —
82 — 55 —
190 —
52.5 —
32.4 940 26.4 940 196 1350 18.7 1490
18.9 1110 15.8 1110 111 1690 11.3 1880
88.0
2.29 0.59
1500
—
509 2300
2.10 0.37 364
2.23 0.49 757
2.28 0.60 1431
0.67 —
1.18 —
1.89 —
10,000 21
1950 5.70
4970 16.8 136
709
Graphite fiber 450 epoxy (25% vol.) composite k , heat flow || to fibers k , heat flow to fibers c p Pyroceram, 1623 Corning 9606 Silicon carbide 3100
4000 194
1540 853
3230 9.23 411
1390 4.09 992
21.9 —
800 13.0 1180 10.4 1180 70 1865 8.1 2135
2.37 —
1000 10.5 1225 7.85 1225 47 1975 6.3 2350
2.53 —
892 2.68 1406
667 534 2.01 1.60 1650 1793
1216 3.64 908 — 880
3.28 1038 — 1050
3.08 2.96 1122 1197 — 87 1135 1195
7.6 4.70 885 1.51
5.0 3.4 1075 1.75
4.2 3.1 1250 2.17
905 13.9 778
1040 11.3 937
1105 1155 9.88 8.76 1063 1155
1400
2600
11.1 0.87 935 808 3.98
3160
675
Silicon dioxide, 1883 crystalline (quartz) k , || to c -axis k , to c -axis c p
2650
Silicon dioxide, polycrystalline (fused silica) Silicon nitride
1883
2220
745 745
2173
2400
691
392
2070
708
Thorium dioxide
3573
9110
235
Titanium dioxide, polycrystalline
2133
4157
710
Sulfur
Properties at Various Temperatures (K), k (W/m · K)/ cp (J/kg · K)
Properties at 300 K
490
0.46 1.89
16.0
0.834
9.65
0.206 0.141 13 8.4
8.7 1.1 642 4.78 —
39 20.8 — 0.69
16.4 9.5 — 1.14
230
10.4 6.21 1.38
5.7 0.68 337 5.25 —
6.1 2.8
— — — — — 578 0.165 0.185 403 606
13.0
10.2 255 7.01 805
6.6 274 5.02 880
4.7 285 8.94 910
2.87
3.68 295 3.46 930
Çengel: Introduction to Thermodynamics and Heat Transfer, Second Edition
Back Matter
Appendix 1: Property Tables and Charts (SI Units)
807
© The McGraw−Hill Companies, 2008
Appendix 1
|
805
TABLE A–26 Emissivities of surfaces (a ) Metals Material Aluminum Polished Commercial sheet Heavily oxidized Anodized Bismuth, bright Brass Highly polished Polished Dull plate Oxidized Chromium, polished Copper Highly polished Polished Commercial sheet Oxidized Black oxidized Gold Highly polished Bright foil Iron Highly polished Case iron Wrought iron Rusted Oxidized Lead Polished Unoxidized, rough Oxidized
Temperature, K
Emissivity, e
300–900 400 400–800 300 350
0.04–0.06 0.09 0.20–0.33 0.8 0.34
500–650 350 300–600 450–800 300–1400
0.03–0.04 0.09 0.22 0.6 0.08–0.40
300 300–500 300 600–1000 300
0.02 0.04–0.05 0.15 0.5–0.8 0.78
300–1000 300
0.03–0.06 0.07
300–500 300 300–500 300 500–900
0.05–0.07 0.44 0.28 0.61 0.64–0.78
300–500 300 300
0.06–0.08 0.43 0.63
Material Magnesium, polished Mercury Molybdenum Polished Oxidized Nickel Polished Oxidized Platinum, polished Silver, polished Stainless steel Polished Lightly oxidized Highly oxidized Steel Polished sheet Commercial sheet Heavily oxidized Tin, polished Tungsten Polished Filament Zinc Polished Oxidized
Temperature, K
Emissivity, e
300–500 300–400
0.07–0.13 0.09–0.12
300–2000 600–800
0.05–0.21 0.80–0.82
500–1200 450–1000 500–1500 300–1000
0.07–0.17 0.37–0.57 0.06–0.18 0.02–0.07
300–1000 600–1000 600–1000
0.17–0.30 0.30–0.40 0.70–0.80
300–500 500–1200 300 300
0.08–0.14 0.20–0.32 0.81 0.05
300–2500 3500
0.03–0.29 0.39
300–800 300
0.02–0.05 0.25
808
806
Çengel: Introduction to Thermodynamics and Heat Transfer, Second Edition
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Back Matter
Appendix 1: Property Tables and Charts (SI Units)
© The McGraw−Hill Companies, 2008
Introduction to Thermodynamics and Heat Transfer
TABLE A–26 Emissivities of surfaces (Concluded ) (b ) Nonmetals Material Alumina Aluminum oxide Asbestos Asphalt pavement Brick Common Fireclay Carbon filament Cloth Concrete Glass Window Pyrex Pyroceram Ice Magnesium oxide Masonry Paints Aluminum Black, lacquer, shiny Oils, all colors Red primer White acrylic White enamel
Temperature, K
Emissivity, e
800–1400 600–1500 300 300
0.65–0.45 0.69–0.41 0.96 0.85–0.93
300 1200 2000 300 300
0.93–0.96 0.75 0.53 0.75–0.90 0.88–0.94
300 300–1200 300–1500 273 400–800 300
0.90–0.95 0.82–0.62 0.85–0.57 0.95–0.99 0.69–0.55 0.80
300 300 300 300 300 300
0.40–0.50 0.88 0.92–0.96 0.93 0.90 0.90
Material Paper, white Plaster, white Porcelain, glazed Quartz, rough, fused Rubber Hard Soft Sand Silicon carbide Skin, human Snow Soil, earth Soot Teflon Water, deep Wood Beech Oak
Temperature, K
Emissivity, e
300 300 300 300
0.90 0.93 0.92 0.93
300 300 300 600–1500 300 273 300 300–500 300–500 273–373
0.93 0.86 0.90 0.87–0.85 0.95 0.80–0.90 0.93–0.96 0.95 0.85–0.92 0.95–0.96
300 300
0.94 0.90
0.1 0.09
T r a n s f e ,r S e c o n d E d i t i o n
Laminar Transitional Turbulent flow flow flow
0.08
Fully rough turbulent flow ( f levels off) 0.05
0.07
0.04
0.06 0.03
0.05
L a m in a r f l o w , = 6 4 / R e
f
, 0.04 r o t c a f n o 0.03 i t c i r f y 0.025 c r a D
0.015 0.01 0.008
f
0.006 0.004 0.002 0.001 0.0008 0.0006
Roughness, e Material
0.01 0.009
Glass, plastic Concrete Wood stave Rubber, smoothed Copper or brass tubing Cast iron Galvanized iron Wrought iron Stainless steel Commercial steel
0.008
103
B a c k M a t t e r
0.02
0.02
0.015
T Ç h e e n r m g e o l d : y I n n t r a o m d i u c c s t i a o n n d t H o e a t
3
ft
mm
0 0.003–0.03 0.0016 0.000033 0.000005 0.00085 0.0005 0.00015 0.000007 0.00015
0 0.9–9 0.5 0.01 0.0015 0.26 0.15 0.046 0.002 0.045
2(10 ) 3 4 5 6 8 104
4
D / e
, s s e n h g u o r e v i t a l e R
U n i t s )
T a b l e s a n d C h a r t s ( S I
A p p e n d i x 1 : P r o p e r t y
C o m p a n i e s , 2 0 0 8
© T h e M c G r a w − H i l l
0.0004 0.0002
Smooth pipes D = 0 e /
0.0001 0.00005
D = 0.000005 e / D = 0.000001 e /
2(10 ) 3 4 5 6 8 105
5
6
2(10 ) 3 4 5 6 8 106 2(10 ) 3 4 5 6
0.00001
8 107
7
2(10 ) 3 4 5 6 8 108
Reynolds number, Re FIGURE A–27 L V 2 The Moody chart for the friction factor for fully developed flow in circular pipes for use in the head loss relation h L f . Friction factors in the D 2g 1 2.51 D e / turbulent flow are evaluated from the Colebrook equation . 2 log10 3.7 1 f Re 1 f
a
b
A p p e n d i x 1 | 8 0 7
8 0 9
810
808
Çengel: Introduction to Thermodynamics and Heat Transfer, Second Edition
|
Back Matter
Appendix 1: Property Tables and Charts (SI Units)
© The McGraw−Hill Companies, 2008
Introduction to Thermodynamics and Heat Transfer (a) 0 < Pr < 1.0 T r = 5.00 3.00
1.0
0 .6
0.9
8. 0 0
6. 0 0
0 0 . 6 . 7
4. 0 0 3. 5 0
3. 0 0
1.60
2. 6 0 2. 4 0 2 0 2. 0 2. 0 0 1. 8
0 . 8
1.40
0 1. 6 5 0 1. 0 1. 4 0 1. 3
0 . 8 5
0 .9 0
v – T P — R = Z , 0.7
0.5
2.00
. 0 7
0.8
R O T C A F Y T I L I 0.6 B I S S E R P M O C
5. 0 0
T r = 2.5 Z ≈1.00 T r = 15 ≈ T r = 3.00
NOTE
0 1. 2
1.2 0
0 1. 1
1.15
0 1. 0
0 0. 9
0 . 9
1 .1
0
0 0. 8
1 .0 5
---DEVIATION > 1.0%
0 v r =
NELSON — OBERT GENERALIZED COMPRESSIBILITY CHARTS
1.00
2.00 1.60 1.40 1.20 1.10 1.05 1.00 0.95 0.90
30
P
REDUCED PRESSURE, Pr = —–
Pcr
CHART NO. 1
T REDUCED TEMPERATURE, T r = —– T cr
v PSEUDO REDUCED VOLUME, vr = —– RT cr / Pcr
Z 0.95
20 0 . 6
0 . 6
15
T r = 1
. 0
0.80
7 0
0.90 0.00
. 0 7
0.85 12 0 10 .
0.4
vr
0.05
0.75 0.10
Pr
1953
0.3 0.0
1.3 0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
(b) 0 < Pr < 7 3.50
10 T r = 5.00 0
0
0 0 5 . 0 0 0 0 3 . 0 . 6 0 1 .4 2 1. 0 0 0 1. 2 1. 0 8 0 . 0 7 . 0 0 9 0. 0 0 .6
2.00 1.80 1.60
5 . 0 = 0 5 4 v r 0 .
0
2.50
1.50
0 4
0 .
3 5
0 .
0
1.40
. 0 0 3
1.30 0 2 . 5 0
2 . 0 = 0 v r
1.20 0
NELSON — OBERT GENERALIZED COMPRESSIBILITYCHARTS
1.15
P
1.10
0
REDUCEDPRESSURE, Pr = —–
Pcr
T
REDUCED TEMPERATURE, T r = —–
T cr
v —– RT cr / Pcr
1.05
PSEUDO REDUCED VOLUME, vr =
0 1953
T r = 1.00 0 0.0
0.5
1.0
CHART No. 2
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
REDUCED PRESSURE, Pr
FIGURE A–28 Nelson–Obert generalized compressibility chart. Used with permission of Dr. Edward E. Obert, University of Wisconsin.
4.5
5.0
5.5
6.0
6.5
7.0
Çengel: Introduction to Thermodynamics and Heat Transfer, Second Edition
Back Matter
Appendix 2: Property Tables and Charts (English Units)
811
© The McGraw−Hill Companies, 2008
Appendix 2 PROPERTY TABLES AND CHARTS (ENGLISH UNITS)
Table A–1E
Molar mass, gas constant, and critical-point properties 810
Table A–2E
Ideal-gas specific heats of various common gases 811
Table A–3E
Properties of common liquids, solids, and foods 814
Table A–4E
Saturated water—Temperature table 816
Table A–5E Table A–6E Table A–7E Table A–8E Figure A–9E Figure A–10E Table A–11E
Saturated water—Pressure table Superheated water
820
Compressed liquid water
824
Saturated ice—water vapor T-s diagram for water
825
826
Mollier diagram for water
827
Saturated refrigerant-134a— Temperature table 828
Table A–12E Saturated refrigerant-134a— Pressure table
818
Table A–13E Figure A–14E Table A–15E Table A–16E
Superheated refrigerant-134a
Table Table Table Table Table Table
Properties of saturated ammonia
A–17E A–18E A–19E A–20E A–21E A–22E
830
P-h diagram for refrigerant-134a
Properties of saturated water
832
833
Properties of saturated refrigerant-134a 834 Properties of saturated propane Properties of liquids
835 836
837
Properties of liquid metals Ideal-gas properties of air
838 839
Properties of air at 1 atm pressure 841
Table A–23E Properties of gases at 1 atm pressure
842
Table A–24E Properties of solid metals 844 Table A–25E Properties of solid non-metals 846
829
|
809
812
810
Çengel: Introduction to Thermodynamics and Heat Transfer, Second Edition
|
Back Matter
Appendix 2: Property Tables and Charts (English Units)
© The McGraw−Hill Companies, 2008
Introduction to Thermodynamics and Heat Transfer
TABLE A–1E Molar mass, gas constant, and critical-point properties
Substance
Formula
Molar mass, M lbm/lbmol
Air Ammonia Argon Benzene Bromine n -Butane Carbon dioxide Carbon monoxide Carbon tetrachloride Chlorine Chloroform Dichlorodifluoromethane (R-12) Dichlorofluoromethane (R-21) Ethane Ethyl alcohol Ethylene Helium n -Hexane Hydrogen (normal) Krypton Methane Methyl alcohol Methyl chloride Neon Nitrogen Nitrous oxide Oxygen Propane Propylene Sulfur dioxide Tetrafluoroethane (R-134a) Trichlorofluoromethane (R-11) Water Xenon
— NH3 Ar C6H6 Br2 C4H10 CO2 CO CCl4 Cl2 CHCl3 CCl2F2 CHCl2F C2H6 C2H5OH C2H4 He C6H14 H2 Kr CH4 CH3OH CH3Cl Ne N2 N2O O2 C3H8 C3H6 SO2 CF3CH2F CCl3F H2O Xe
28.97 17.03 39.948 78.115 159.808 58.124 44.01 28.011 153.82 70.906 119.38 120.91 102.92 30.020 46.07 28.054 4.003 86.178 2.016 83.80 16.043 32.042 50.488 20.183 28.013 44.013 31.999 44.097 42.081 64.063 102.03 137.37 18.015 131.30
*Calculated from R R u / M, where R u 1.98588 Btu/lbmol · R
Gas constant, R
Critical-point properties
Btu/ lbm · R*
psia · ft 3 / lbm · R*
Temperature, R
Pressure, psia
0.06855 0.1166 0.04971 0.02542 0.01243 0.03417 0.04513 0.07090 0.01291 0.02801 0.01664 0.01643 0.01930 0.06616 0.04311 0.07079 0.4961 0.02305 0.9851 0.02370 0.1238 0.06198 0.03934 0.09840 0.07090 0.04512 0.06206 0.04504 0.04719 0.03100 0.01946 0.01446 0.1102 0.01513
0.3704 0.6301 0.2686 0.1374 0.06714 0.1846 0.2438 0.3831 0.06976 0.1517 0.08988 0.08874 0.1043 0.3574 0.2329 0.3825 2.6809 0.1245 5.3224 0.1280 0.6688 0.3349 0.2125 0.5316 0.3830 0.2438 0.3353 0.2433 0.2550 1.1675 0.1052 0.07811 0.5956 0.08172
238.5 729.8 272 1012 1052 765.2 547.5 240 1001.5 751 965.8 692.4 813.0 549.8 929.0 508.3 9.5 914.2 59.9 376.9 343.9 923.7 749.3 80.1 227.1 557.4 278.6 665.9 656.9 775.2 673.6 848.1 1164.8 521.55
547 1636 705 714 1500 551 1071 507 661 1120 794 582 749 708 926 742 33.2 439 188.1 798 673 1154 968 395 492 1054 736 617 670 1143 588.7 635 3200 852
10.7316
Volume, ft3 /lbmol 1.41 1.16 1.20 4.17 2.17 4.08 1.51 1.49 4.42 1.99 3.85 3.49 3.16 2.37 2.68 1.99 0.926 5.89 1.04 1.48 1.59 1.89 2.29 0.668 1.44 1.54 1.25 3.20 2.90 1.95 3.19 3.97 0.90 1.90
psia · ft3 /lbmol · R and M is the molar mass.
Source: K. A. Kobe and R. E. Lynn, Jr., Chemical Review 52 (1953), pp. 117–236, and ASHRAE, Handbook of Fundamentals (Atlanta, GA: American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc., 1993), pp. 16.4 and 36.1.
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TABLE A–2E Ideal-gas specific heats of various common gases (a ) At 80°F Gas
Formula
Air Argon Butane Carbon dioxide Carbon monoxide Ethane Ethylene Helium Hydrogen Methane Neon Nitrogen Octane Oxygen Propane Steam
— Ar C4H10 CO2 CO C2H6 C2H4 He H2 CH4 Ne N2 C8H18 O2 C3H8 H2O
Gas constant, R Btu/lbm · R
c p Btu/lbm · R
c Btu/lbm · R
0.06855 0.04971 0.03424 0.04513 0.07090 0.06616 0.07079 0.4961 0.9851 0.1238 0.09840 0.07090 0.01742 0.06206 0.04504 0.1102
0.240 0.1253 0.415 0.203 0.249 0.427 0.411 1.25 3.43 0.532 0.246 0.248 0.409 0.219 0.407 0.445
0.171 0.0756 0.381 0.158 0.178 0.361 0.340 0.753 2.44 0.403 0.1477 0.177 0.392 0.157 0.362 0.335
v
Source: Gordon J. Van Wylen and Richard E. Sonntag, Fundamentals of Classical Thermodynamics , English/SI Version, 3rd ed. (New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1986), p. 687, Table A–8E.
k
1.400 1.667 1.09 1.285 1.399 1.183 1.208 1.667 1.404 1.32 1.667 1.400 1.044 1.395 1.124 1.329
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Introduction to Thermodynamics and Heat Transfer
TABLE A–2E Ideal-gas specific heats of various common gases ( Continued ) (b ) At various temperatures Temp., °F
c p Btu/lbm · R
c Btu/lbm · R v
k
c p Btu/lbm · R
Air
40 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1500 2000
0.240 0.240 0.241 0.243 0.245 0.248 0.250 0.254 0.257 0.259 0.263 0.276 0.286
0.171 0.172 0.173 0.174 0.176 0.179 0.182 0.185 0.188 0.191 0.195 0.208 0.217
1.401 1.400 1.397 1.394 1.389 1.383 1.377 1.371 1.365 1.358 1.353 1.330 1.312
0.195 0.205 0.217 0.229 0.239 0.247 0.255 0.262 0.269 0.275 0.280 0.298 0.312
Hydrogen, H 2
40 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1500 2000
3.397 3.426 3.451 3.461 3.466 3.469 3.473 3.477 3.494 3.502 3.513 3.618 3.758
2.412 2.441 2.466 2.476 2.480 2.484 2.488 2.492 2.509 2.519 2.528 2.633 2.773
c Btu/lbm · R
k
c p c Btu/lbm · R Btu/lbm · R k
Carbon dioxide, C0 2
Carbon monoxide, CO
v
0.150 0.160 0.172 0.184 0.193 0.202 0.210 0.217 0.224 0.230 0.235 0.253 0.267
v
1.300 1.283 1.262 1.246 1.233 1.223 1.215 1.208 1.202 1.197 1.192 1.178 1.169
0.248 0.249 0.249 0.251 0.253 0.256 0.259 0.262 0.266 0.269 0.273 0.287 0.297
Nitrogen, N 2
1.409 1.404 1.399 1.398 1.397 1.397 1.396 1.395 1.393 1.392 1.390 1.374 1.355
0.248 0.248 0.249 0.250 0.251 0.254 0.256 0.260 0.262 0.265 0.269 0.283 0.293
0.177 0.178 0.178 0.179 0.180 0.183 0.185 0.189 0.191 0.194 0.198 0.212 0.222
0.177 0.178 0.179 0.180 0.182 0.185 0.188 0.191 0.195 0.198 0.202 0.216 0.226
1.400 1.399 1.397 1.394 1.389 1.384 1.377 1.371 1.364 1.357 1.351 1.328 1.314
Oxygen, O 2
1.400 1.399 1.398 1.396 1.393 1.388 1.383 1.377 1.371 1.364 1.359 1.334 1.319
0.219 0.220 0.223 0.226 0.230 0.235 0.239 0.242 0.246 0.249 0.252 0.263 0.270
0.156 0.158 0.161 0.164 0.168 0.173 0.177 0.181 0.184 0.187 0.190 0.201 0.208
1.397 1.394 1.387 1.378 1.368 1.360 1.352 1.344 1.337 1.331 1.326 1.309 1.298
Note: The unit Btu/lbm · R is equivalent to Btu/lbm · °F. Source: Kenneth Wark, Thermodynamics , 4th ed. (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1983), p. 830, Table A–4. Originally published in Tables of Properties of Gases , NBS Circular 564, 1955.
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TABLE A–2E Ideal-gas specific heats of various common gases ( Concluded ) (c ) As a function of temperature a bT cT 2 dT 3 c p (T in R, c p in Btu/lbmol · R) Temperature Substance
Formula
Nitrogen
N2
Oxygen
O2
Air
—
Hydrogen
H2
a
b
6.903
0.02085 10 2
6.085
10
2
6.713
0.02609 10
2
6.952
0.02542 10 2 2
0.2017
CO
6.726
0.02222 10
Carbon dioxide
CO2
5.316
0.79361 102
7.700
0.02552 10
2
0.01247 10
2
Water vapor
H2O
Nitric oxide
NO
7.008
Nitrous oxide
N2O
5.758
range, R
Max.
Avg.
10 9
491-3240
0.59
0.34
0.05372 10
9
491-3240
1.19
0.28
0.08052 10
9
c
Carbon monoxide
0.7780
10 2 2
d
0.05957
10 5
0.05275
10
5
0.03540
10
5
491-3240
0.72
0.33
0.02952
10 5
0.03565 10 9
491-3240
1.02
0.26
0.03960
5
9
491-3240
0.89
0.37
0.3059
10 9
491-3240
0.67
0.22
0.1472
10
9
491-3240
0.53
0.24
10
9
491-2700
0.97
0.36
10 9
491-2700
0.59
0.26
9
0.2581
0.07781 0.07185 0.2596
10 5
0.09100 10
10
5
10
5
0.1715
10 5
0.4331
NO2
5.48
0.7583
491-2700
0.46
0.18
NH3
6.5846
0.34028 102
0.073034 105
0.27402 10 9
491-2700
0.91
0.36
10
2
10
5
10
9
491-3240
0.99
0.38
2
0.2810
10
5
0.3527
10
9
491-3240
0.45
0.24
0.8256
10 5
1.328
10 9
491-2340
0.29
0.13
0.4812
10
5
0.7457
10
9
491-2700
1.46
0.59
2.327
10 5
3.179
10 9
491-2700
0.34
0.20
0.329
10
9
491-1800
0.18
0.08
10
9
491-2700
0.40
0.22
0.1776
10 9
491-2740
0.22
0.08
9
491-2740
1.33
0.57
10 9
491-2740
0.83
0.28
10
9
491-2740
0.40
0.12
9
6.499
0.2943
Sulfur dioxide
SO2
6.157
0.7689
10
Sul fur tri oxi de
SO3
3.918
1.935
10 2
Acetylene
C2H2
Benzene
C6H6
Methanol
CH4O
2
5.21
1.2227
10
8.650
6.4322
10 2
4.55
Ethanol
C2H6O
4.75
Hydrogen chloride
HCl
7.244
1.214 2.781
10
2
10
2
0.1011
10 2 2
Methane
CH4
4.750
0.6666
10
Ethane
C2H6
1.648
2.291
10 2
4.044
10
2 2
Propane
C3H8
0.966
0.1200
0.0898 0.7651
10
5
Ammonia
S2
0.260
10
0.1176
Nitrogen dioxide Sulfur
10
% error
10
5
10
5
0.09352
5
0.4510
10 5
0.2984
0.4722
10
1.352
10
5
1.433
10
491-2740
0.54
0.24
1.696
10 5
2.044
10 9
491-2740
0.25
0.13
5
1.732
10
9
491-2740
0.56
0.21
2.363
10 9
491-2740
0.72
0.20
0.7326
10
9
491-2740
0.54
0.13
1.008
10 9
491-2740
0.73
0.17
0.945
4.929
10
1.890
5.520
10 2 2
1.656
10
2.112
10 5
n -Pentane
C 5H12
1.618
6.028
10
n -Hexane
C6H14
1.657
7.328
10 2 2
0.6151
10
0.8981
10 5
0.944
2.075
10
0.753
3.162
10 2
10
10
1.159
C4H10
C2H4
10
5
C4H10
C3H6
0.821
10 5
i -Butane
Propylene
0.1632
0.09783
n -Butane
Ethylene
0.322
5
1.300
Source: Chemical and Process Thermodynamics 3/E by Kyle, B. G., © 2000. Adapted by permission of Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ.
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© The McGraw−Hill Companies, 2008
Introduction to Thermodynamics and Heat Transfer
TABLE A–3E Properties of common liquids, solids, and foods ( Continued ) (a ) Liquids Boiling data at 1 atm
Substance
Normal boiling point, °F
Ammonia
27.9
Argon Benzene Brine (20% sodium chloride by mass) n -Butane Carbon dioxide Ethanol Ethyl alcohol Ethylene glycol Glycerine Helium Hydrogen Isobutane Kerosene Mercury Methane
302.6
Latent heat of vaporization, h fg Btu/lbm 24.54
Freezing data
Freezing point, °F 107.9
Latent heat of fusion, h if Btu/lbm
68 31.1 32 77 68 68 68 452.1 423.0 10.9 68 77 258.7 160 77 320.4 260 68 77 297.3 68 43.7 32 100 40 15 32 90 32 90 150 212
71.8 37.5 57.8 48.9 49.3 69.2 78.7 9.13 4.41 37.1 51.2 847 26.4 20.0 49.1 50.5 38.2 43.9 56.8 71.2 40.0 36.3 33.0 29.4 88.5 86.0 80.9 73.6 62.4 62.1 61.2 59.8
0.7 217.3 69.8 173.6 248.8 12.6 66.0 — 434.5 255.5 12.8 38.0 296.0
— 34.5 — 46.9 46.4 77.9 86.3 — 25.6 45.5 — 4.90 25.1
Methanol Nitrogen
148.1 320.4
473 85.4
143.9 346.0
42.7 10.9
Octane Oil (light) Oxygen Petroleum Propane
256.6 — 297.3 — 43.7
131.7 — 91.5 99–165 184.0
71.5
77.9
361.8
5.9
305.8
34.4
Water
212
93.3
970.1
141.9
32
0.743 0.552 0.583 0.588 0.678 0.678 0.554 5.45 2.39 0.545 0.478 0.033 0.834 1.074 0.609 0.492 0.643 0.502 0.430 0.408 0.478 0.538 0.604 0.673 0.283 0.294 0.318 0.348 1.01 1.00 1.00 1.01
12.0 54.2
0 40 80 302.6 68
— 165.6 99.6 (at 32°F) 360.5 368 344.0 419 9.80 191.7 157.8 108 126.7 219.6
15.0
1.06 1.083 1.103 1.135 0.272 0.411
42.6 41.3 39.5 37.5 87.0 54.9
219.0 31.1 109.2* 172.8 173.5 388.6 355.8 452.1 423.0 10.9 399–559 674.1 258.7
Refrigerant-134a
Density, r lbm/ft 3
27.9
308.7
41.9
Temperature, °F
Specific heat, c p Btu/lbm · R
138.6
69.5 169.4
176.4
Liquid properties
—
143.5
*Sublimation temperature. (At pressures below the triple-point pressure of 75.1 psia, carbon dioxide exists as a solid or gas. Also, the freezing-point temperature of carbon dioxide is the triple-point temperature of 69.8°F.)
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TABLE A–3E Properties of common liquids, solids, and foods ( Concluded ) (b ) Solids (values are for room temperature unless indicated otherwise) Specific heat, c p Btu/lbm · R
Density, r lbm/ft3
Substance
Substance
Metals
Density, r lbm/ft 3
Specific heat, c p Btu/lbm · R
132 120 144 144 62.4 151 169 139 156 169 50
0.220 0.189 0.229 0.156 0.220 0.147 0.191 0.200 0.170 0.243 0.260
Nonmetals
Aluminum 100°F 32°F 100°F 200°F 300°F 400°F 500°F Bronze (76% Cu, 2% Zn, 2% Al) Brass, yellow (65% Cu, 35% Zn) Copper 60°F 0°F 100°F 200°F 390°F Iron Lead Magnesium Nickel Silver Steel, mild Tungsten
517
0.192 0.212 0.218 0.224 0.229 0.235 0.240 0.0955
519
0.0955
170
Asphalt Brick, common Brick, fireclay (500°C) Concrete Clay Diamond Glass, window Glass, pyrex Graphite Granite Gypsum or plaster board Ice 50°F 0°F 20°F 32°F Limestone Marble Plywood (Douglas fir) Rubber (soft) Rubber (hard) Sand Stone Woods, hard (maple, oak, etc.) Woods, soft (fir, pine, etc.)
0.0862 0.0893 0.0925 0.0938 0.0963 0.107 0.030 0.239 0.105 0.056 0.119 0.031
555
490 705 108 555 655 489 1211
0.424 0.471 0.491 0.502 0.217 0.210
57.5 103 162 34.0 68.7 71.8 94.9 93.6 45.0 32.0
(c ) Foods Specific heat,
Food Apples
Btu/lbm · R
Specific heat,
Latent
Water
heat of
content,
Freezing
%
point,
Above
Below
fusion,
(mass)
°F
freezing
freezing
Btu/lbm
0.961
0.487
136
Water
Freezing
content,
point,
Above
Below
fusion,
% (mass)
°F
freezing
freezing
Btu/lbm
0.873
0.453
121
Food
84
30
Lettuce
Bananas
75
31
0.801
0.426
108
Beef round
67
—
0.737
0.402
96
Broccoli
90
31
0.921
0.471
129
Butter
16
—
—
0.249
23
Cheese, Swiss
39
14
0.513
0.318
56
Shrimp
95
32
Btu/lbm · R
Latent heat of
Milk, whole
88
31
0.905
0.465
126
Oranges
87
31
0.897
0.462
125
Potatoes
78
31
0.825
0.435
112
Salmon fish
64
28
0.713
0.393
92
83
28
0.865
0.450
119
Cherries
80
29
0.841
0.441
115
Spinach
93
31
0.945
0.481
134
Chicken
74
27
0.793
0.423
106
Strawberries
90
31
0.921
0.471
129
Corn, sweet
74
31
0.793
0.423
106
Tomatoes, ripe
94
31
0.953
0.484
135
Eggs, whole
74
31
0.793
0.423
106
Turkey
64
—
0.713
0.393
92
Ice cream
63
22
0.705
0.390
90
Watermelon
93
31
0.945
0.481
134
Source: Values are obtained from various handbooks and other sources or are calculated. Water content and freezing-point data of foods are from ASHRAE, Handbook of Fundamentals , I-P version (Atlanta, GA: American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc., 1993), Chap. 30, Table 1. Freezing point is the temperature at which freezing starts for fruits and vegetables, and the average freezing temperature for other foods.
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Appendix 2: Property Tables and Charts (English Units)
© The McGraw−Hill Companies, 2008
Introduction to Thermodynamics and Heat Transfer
TABLE A–4E Saturated water—Temperature table Specific volume,
Internal energy,
Enthalpy,
Entropy,
ft3 /lbm
Btu/lbm
Btu/lbm
Btu/lbm · R
Sat.
Sat.
Sat.
Sat.
Temp.,
press.,
T °F
P sat psia
liquid,
vapor,
liquid,
v f
v g
u f
Sat.
Sat.
Evap.,
vapor,
liquid,
u fg
u g
h f
Sat.
Sat.
Sat.
Evap.,
vapor,
liquid,
Evap.,
vapor,
h fg
h g
s f
s fg
s g
32.018 35 40 45 50
0.08871 0.09998 0.12173 0.14756 0.17812
0.01602 3299.9 0.01602 2945.7 0.01602 2443.6 0.01602 2035.8 0.01602 1703.1
0.000 3.004 8.032 13.05 18.07
1021.0 1 019.0 1 015.6 1012.2 1008.9
1021.0 1022.0 1023.7 1025.3 1026.9
0.000 3.004 8.032 13.05 18.07
1075.2 1073.5 1070.7 1067.8 1065.0
1075.2 1076.5 1078.7 1080.9 1083.1
0.00000 0.00609 0.01620 0.02620 0.03609
2.18672 2.17011 2.14271 2.11587 2.08956
2.1867 2.1762 2.1589 2.1421 2.1256
55 60 65 70 75
0.21413 0.25638 0.30578 0.36334 0.43016
0.01603 0.01604 0.01604 0.01605 0.01606
1430.4 1206.1 1020.8 867.18 739.27
23.07 28.08 33.08 38.08 43.07
1005.5 1002.1 998.76 995.39 992.02
1028.6 1030.2 1 031.8 1 033.5 1 035.1
23.07 28.08 33.08 38.08 43.07
1062.2 1059.4 1056.5 1053.7 1050.9
1085.3 1087.4 1089.6 1091.8 1093.9
0.04586 0.05554 0.06511 0.07459 0.08398
2.06377 2.03847 2.01366 1.98931 1.96541
2.1096 2.0940 2.0788 2.0639 2.0494
80 85 90 95 100
0.50745 0.59659 0.69904 0.81643 0.95052
0.01607 0.01609 0.01610 0.01612 0.01613
632.41 542.80 467.40 403.74 349.83
48.06 53.06 58.05 63.04 68.03
988.65 985.28 981.90 978.52 975.14
1 036.7 1 038.3 1 040.0 1 041.6 1043.2
48.07 53.06 58.05 63.04 68.03
1048.0 1045.2 1042.4 1039.5 1 036.7
1096.1 1098.3 1100.4 1102.6 1 104.7
0.09328 0.10248 0.11161 0.12065 0.12961
1.94196 1.91892 1.89630 1.87408 1.85225
2.0352 2.0214 2.0079 1.9947 1.9819
110 120 130 140 150
1.2767 1.6951 2.2260 2.8931 3.7234
0.01617 0.01620 0.01625 0.01629 0.01634
264.96 202.94 157.09 122.81 96.929
78.01 88.00 97.99 107.98 117.98
968.36 961.56 954.73 947.87 940.98
1046.4 1049.6 1052.7 1 055.9 1 059.0
78.02 88.00 97.99 107.99 117.99
1031.0 1025.2 1019.4 1013.6 1007.8
1 109.0 1 113.2 1 117.4 1 121.6 1 125.7
0.14728 0.16466 0.18174 0.19855 0.21508
1.80970 1.9570 1.76856 1.9332 1.72877 1.9105 1.69024 1.8888 1.65291 1.8680
160 170 180 190 200
4.7474 5.9999 7.5197 9.3497 11.538
0.01639 0.01645 0.01651 0.01657 0.01663
77.185 61.982 50.172 40.920 33.613
127.98 138.00 148.02 158.05 168.10
934.05 927.08 920.06 912.99 905.87
1 062.0 1 065.1 1 068.1 1 071.0 1 074.0
128.00 138.02 148.04 158.08 168.13
1001.8 995.88 989.85 983.76 977.60
1 129.8 1133.9 1137.9 1141.8 1145.7
0.23136 0.24739 0.26318 0.27874 0.29409
1.61670 1.58155 1.54741 1.51421 1.48191
1.8481 1.8289 1.8106 1.7930 1.7760
210 212 220 230 240
14.136 14.709 17.201 20.795 24.985
0.01670 0.01671 0.01677 0.01684 0.01692
27.798 26.782 23.136 19.374 16.316
178.15 180.16 188.22 198.31 208.41
898.68 897.24 891.43 884.10 876.70
1 076.8 1 077.4 1 079.6 1 082.4 1 085.1
178.20 180.21 188.28 198.37 208.49
971.35 970.09 965.02 958.59 952.06
1149.5 1150.3 1153.3 1157.0 1160.5
0.30922 0.31222 0.32414 0.33887 0.35342
1.45046 1.44427 1.41980 1.38989 1.36069
1.7597 1.7565 1.7439 1.7288 1.7141
250 260 270 280 290
29.844 35.447 41.877 49.222 57.573
0.01700 0.01708 0.01717 0.01726 0.01735
13.816 11.760 10.059 8.6439 7.4607
218.54 228.68 238.85 249.04 259.26
869.21 861.62 853.94 846.16 838.27
1 087.7 1 090.3 1 092.8 1 095.2 1 097.5
218.63 228.79 238.98 249.20 259.45
945.41 938.65 931.76 924.74 917.57
1164.0 1167.4 1170.7 1173.9 1177.0
0.36779 0.38198 0.39601 0.40989 0.42361
1.33216 1.30425 1.27694 1.25018 1.22393
1.6999 1.6862 1.6730 1.6601 1.6475
300 310 320 330 340
67.028 77.691 89.667 103.07 118.02
0.01745 0.01755 0.01765 0.01776 0.01787
6.4663 5.6266 4.9144 4.3076 3.7885
269.51 279.79 290.11 300.46 310.85
830.25 822.11 813.84 805.43 796.87
1 099.8 1 101.9 1 104.0 1 105.9 1 107.7
269.73 280.05 290.40 300.80 311.24
910.24 902.75 895.09 887.25 879.22
1180.0 1182.8 1185.5 1188.1 1190.5
0.43720 0.45065 0.46396 0.47716 0.49024
1.19818 1.17289 1.14802 1.12355 1.09945
1.6354 1.6235 1.6120 1.6007 1.5897
350 360 370 380 390
134.63 153.03 173.36 195.74 220.33
0.01799 0.01811 0.01823 0.01836 0.01850
3.3425 2.9580 2.6252 2.3361 2.0842
321.29 331.76 342.29 352.87 363.50
788.16 779.28 770.23 761.00 751.58
1 109.4 1 111.0 1 112.5 1 113.9 1 115.1
321.73 332.28 342.88 353.53 364.25
870.98 862.53 853.86 844.96 835.81
1192.7 1194.8 1196.7 1198.5 1200.1
0.50321 0.51607 0.52884 0.54152 0.55411
1.07570 1.05227 1.02914 1.00628 0.98366
1.5789 1.5683 1.5580 1.5478 1.5378
(Continued)
Çengel: Introduction to Thermodynamics and Heat Transfer, Second Edition
Back Matter
Appendix 2: Property Tables and Charts (English Units)
819
© The McGraw−Hill Companies, 2008
Appendix 2
|
817
TABLE A–4E Saturated water—Temperature table (Concluded ) Specific volume,
Internal energy,
Enthalpy,
Entropy,
ft3 /lbm
Btu/lbm
Btu/lbm
Btu/lbm · R
Sat.
Sat.
Sat.
Sat.
Temp.,
press.,
T °F
P sat psia
liquid,
vapor,
liquid,
v f
v g
u f
Sat.
Sat.
Evap.,
vapor,
liquid,
u fg
u g
h f
Sat.
Sat.
Sat.
Evap.,
vapor,
liquid,
Evap.,
vapor,
h fg
h g
s f
s fg
s g
400 410 420 430 440
247.26 276.69 308.76 343.64 381.49
0.01864 0.01878 0.01894 0.01910 0.01926
1.8639 1.6706 1.5006 1.3505 1.2178
374.19 384.94 395.76 406.65 417.61
741.97 732.14 722.08 711.80 701.26
1116.2 1117.1 1117.8 1118.4 1118.9
375.04 385.90 396.84 407.86 418.97
826.39 816.71 806.74 796.46 785.87
1201.4 1202.6 1203.6 1204.3 1204.8
0.56663 0.57907 0.59145 0.60377 0.61603
0.96127 0.93908 0.91707 0.89522 0.87349
1.5279 1.5182 1.5085 1.4990 1.4895
450 460 470 480 490
422.47 466.75 514.52 565.96 621.24
0.01944 0.01962 0.01981 0.02001 0.02022
1.0999 0.99510 0.90158 0.81794 0.74296
428.66 439.79 451.01 462.34 473.77
690.47 679.39 668.02 656.34 644.32
1119.1 1119.2 1119.0 1118.7 1118.1
430.18 441.48 452.90 464.43 476.09
774.94 763.65 751.98 739.91 727.40
1205.1 1205.1 1204.9 1204.3 1203.5
0.62826 0.64044 0.65260 0.66474 0.67686
0.85187 0.83033 0.80885 0.78739 0.76594
1.4801 1.4708 1.4615 1.4521 1.4428
500 510 520 530 540
680.56 744.11 812.11 884.74 962.24
0.02044 0.02067 0.02092 0.02118 0.02146
0.67558 0.61489 0.56009 0.51051 0.46553
485.32 496.99 508.80 520.76 532.88
631.94 619.17 605.99 592.35 578.23
1117.3 1116.2 1114.8 1113.1 1111.1
487.89 499.84 511.94 524.23 536.70
714.44 700.99 687.01 672.47 657.31
1202.3 1200.8 1199.0 1196.7 1194.0
0.68899 0.70112 0.71327 0.72546 0.73770
0.74445 0.72290 0.70126 0.67947 0.65751
1.4334 1.4240 1.4145 1.4049 1.3952
550 560 570 580 590
1044.8 1132.7 1226.2 1325.5 1430.8
0.02176 0.02207 0.02242 0.02279 0.02319
0.42465 0.38740 0.35339 0.32225 0.29367
545.18 557.68 570.40 583.37 596.61
563.58 548.33 532.45 515.84 498.43
1108.8 1106.0 1102.8 1099.2 1095.0
549.39 562.31 575.49 588.95 602.75
641.47 624.91 607.55 589.29 570.04
1190.9 1187.2 1183.0 1178.2 1172.8
0.75000 0.76238 0.77486 0.78748 0.80026
0.63532 0.61284 0.59003 0.56679 0.54306
1.3853 1.3752 1.3649 1.3543 1.3433
600 610 620 630 640
1542.5 1660.9 1786.2 1918.9 2059.3
0.02362 0.02411 0.02464 0.02524 0.02593
0.26737 0.24309 0.22061 0.19972 0.18019
610.18 624.11 638.47 653.35 668.86
480.10 460.73 440.14 418.12 394.36
1090.3 1084.8 1078.6 1071.5 1063.2
616.92 631.52 646.62 662.32 678.74
549.67 528.03 504.92 480.07 453.14
1166.6 1159.5 1151.5 1142.4 1131.9
0.81323 0.82645 0.83998 0.85389 0.86828
0.51871 0.49363 0.46765 0.44056 0.41206
1.3319 1.3201 1.3076 1.2944 1.2803
650 660 670 680 690
2207.8 2364.9 2531.2 2707.3 2894.1
0.02673 0.02767 0.02884 0.03035 0.03255
0.16184 0.14444 0.12774 0.11134 0.09451
685.16 702.48 721.23 742.11 766.81
368.44 339.74 307.22 269.00 220.77
1053.6 1042.2 1028.5 1011.1 987.6
696.08 714.59 734.74 757.32 784.24
423.65 390.84 353.54 309.57 253.96
1119.7 1105.4 1088.3 1066.9 1038.2
0.88332 0.89922 0.91636 0.93541 0.95797
0.38177 0.34906 0.31296 0.27163 0.22089
1.2651 1.2483 1.2293 1.2070 1.1789
700 705.10
3093.0 3200.1
0.03670 0.04975
0.07482 801.75 0.04975 866.61
146.50 0
948.3 866.6
822.76 896.07
168.32 0
991.1 896.1
0.99023 1.05257
0 .14514 1.1354 0 1.0526
Source: Tables A–4E through A–8E are generated using the Engineering Equation Solver (EES) software developed by S. A. Klein and F. L. Alvarado. The routine used in calculations is the highly accurate Steam_IAPWS, which incorporates the 1995 Formulation for the Thermodynamic Properties of Ordinary Water Substance for General and Scientific Use, issued by The International Association for the Properties of Water and Steam (IAPWS). This formulation replaces the 1984 formulation of Haar, Gallagher, and Kell (NBS/NRC Steam Tables, Hemisphere Publishing Co., 1984), which is also available in EES as the routine STEAM. The new formulation is based on the correlations of Saul and Wagner (J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 16, 893, 1987) with modifications to adjust to the International Temperature Scale of 1990. The modifications are described by Wagner and Pruss (J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 22, 783, 1993). The properties of ice are based on Hyland and Wexler, “Formulations for the Thermodynamic Properties of the Saturated Phases of H 2O from 173.15 K to 473.15 K,” ASHRAE Trans ., Part 2A, Paper 2793, 1983.
820
818
Çengel: Introduction to Thermodynamics and Heat Transfer, Second Edition
|
Back Matter
Appendix 2: Property Tables and Charts (English Units)
© The McGraw−Hill Companies, 2008
Introduction to Thermodynamics and Heat Transfer
TABLE A–5E Saturated water—Pressure table Specific volume,
Internal energy,
Enthalpy,
Entropy,
ft3 /lbm
Btu/lbm
Btu/lbm
Btu/lbm · R
Sat.
Sat.
Sat.
Sat.
Sat.
Sat.
Press.,
temp.,
P psia
T sat °F
liquid,
vapor,
liquid,
v f
v g
u f
Evap.,
vapor,
liquid,
u fg
u g
h f
101.69 126.02 141.41 152.91 162.18
0.01614 0.01623 0.01630 0.01636 0.01641
3 33.49 1 73.71 118.70 90.629 73.525
69.72 94.02 10 9.39 12 0.89 13 0.17
973.99 957.45 946.90 938.97 932.53
1 043.7 1 051.5 1056.3 1059.9 1062.7
69.72 94.02 109.40 120.90 130.18
1035.7 1021.7 1012.8 1006.0 1000.5
6 8 10 14.696 15
170.00 182.81 193.16 211.95 212.99
0.01645 0.01652 0.01659 0.01671 0.01672
61.982 47.347 38.425 26.805 26.297
13 8.00 15 0.83 161.22 180.12 181.16
927.08 918.08 910.75 897.27 896.52
1065.1 1068.9 1072.0 1077.4 1077.7
138.02 150.86 161.25 180.16 181.21
20 25 30 35 40
227.92 240.03 250.30 259.25 267.22
0.01683 0.01692 0.01700 0.01708 0.01715
20.093 16.307 13.749 11.901 10.501
196.21 208.45 218.84 227.92 236.02
885.63 876.67 868.98 862.19 856.09
1081.8 1085.1 1087.8 1090.1 1092.1
45 50 55 60 65
274.41 280.99 287.05 292.69 297.95
0.01721 0.01727 0.01732 0.01738 0.01743
9.4028 8.5175 7.7882 7.1766 6.6560
243.34 250.05 256.25 262.01 267.41
850.52 845.39 840.61 836.13 831.90
70 75 80 85 90
302.91 307.59 312.02 316.24 320.26
0.01748 0.01752 0.01757 0.01761 0.01765
6.2075 5.8167 5.4733 5.1689 4.8972
272.50 277.31 281.87 286.22 290.38
95 100 110 120 130
324.11 327.81 334.77 341.25 347.32
0.01770 0.01774 0.01781 0.01789 0.01796
4.6532 4.4327 4.0410 3.7289 3.4557
140 150 160 170 180
353.03 358.42 363.54 368.41 373.07
0.01802 0.01809 0.01815 0.01821 0.01827
190 200 250 300 350
377.52 381.80 400.97 417.35 431.74
400 450 500 550 600
444.62 456.31 467.04 476.97 486.24
1 2 3 4 5
Sat.
Sat.
Sat.
Evap.,
vapor,
liquid,
Evap.,
vapor,
h fg
h g
s f
s fg
s g
1105.4 1115.8 1122.2 1126.9 1130.7
0.13262 0.17499 0.20090 0.21985 0.23488
1.84495 1.74444 1.68489 1.64225 1.60894
1.9776 1.9194 1.8858 1.8621 1.8438
995.88 988.15 981.82 970.12 969.47
1133.9 1139.0 1143.1 1150.3 1150.7
0.24739 0.26757 0.28362 0.31215 0.31370
1.58155 1.53800 1.50391 1.44441 1.44441
1.8289 1.8056 1.7875 1.7566 1.7549
196.27 208.52 218.93 228.03 236.14
959.93 952.03 945.21 939.16 933.69
1156.2 1160.6 1164.1 1167.2 1169.8
0.33582 0.35347 0.36821 0.38093 0.39213
1.39606 1.36060 1.33132 1.30632 1.28448
1.7319 1.7141 1.6995 1.6872 1.6766
1093.9 1095.4 1096.9 1098.1 1099.3
243.49 250.21 256.42 262.20 267.62
928.68 924.03 919.70 915.61 911.75
1172.2 1174.2 1176.1 1177.8 1179.4
0.40216 0.41125 0.41958 0.42728 0.43443
1.26506 1.24756 1.23162 1.21697 1.20341
1.6672 1.6588 1.6512 1.6442 1.6378
827.90 824.09 820.45 816.97 813.62
1100.4 1101.4 1102.3 1103.2 1104.0
272.72 277.55 282.13 286.50 290.67
908.08 904.58 901.22 898.00 894.89
1180.8 1182.1 1183.4 1184.5 1185.6
0.44112 0.44741 0.45335 0.45897 0.46431
1.19078 1.17895 1.16783 1.15732 1.14737
1.6319 1.6264 1.6212 1.6163 1.6117
294.36 298.19 305.41 312.16 318.48
810.40 807.29 801.37 795.79 790.51
1104.8 1105.5 1106.8 1107.9 1109.0
294.67 298.51 305.78 312.55 318.92
891.89 888.99 883.44 878.20 873.21
1186.6 1187.5 1189.2 1190.8 1192.1
0.46941 0.47427 0.48341 0.49187 0.49974
1.13791 1.6073 1.12888 1.6032 1.11201 1.5954 1.09646 1.5883 1.08204 1.5818
3.2202 3.0150 2.8347 2.6749 2.5322
324.45 330.11 335.49 340.62 345.53
785.49 780.69 776.10 771.68 767.42
1109.9 1110.8 1111.6 1112.3 1113.0
324.92 330.61 336.02 341.19 346.14
868.45 863.88 859.49 855.25 851.16
1193.4 1194.5 1195.5 1196.4 1197.3
0.50711 0.51405 0.52061 0.52682 0.53274
1.06858 1.05595 1.04405 1.03279 1.02210
1.5757 1.5700 1.5647 1.5596 1.5548
0.01833 0.01839 0.01865 0.01890 0.01912
2.4040 2.2882 1.8440 1.5435 1.3263
350.24 354.78 375.23 392.89 408.55
763.31 759.32 741.02 724.77 709.98
1113.6 1114.1 1116.3 1117.7 1118.5
350.89 355.46 376.09 393.94 409.79
847.19 843.33 825.47 809.41 794.65
1198.1 1198.8 1201.6 1203.3 1204.4
0.53839 0.54379 0.56784 0.58818 0.60590
1.01191 1.00219 0.95912 0.92289 0.89143
1.5503 1.5460 1.5270 1.5111 1.4973
0.01934 0.01955 0.01975 0.01995 0.02014
1.1617 1.0324 0.92819 0.84228 0.77020
422.70 435.67 447.68 458.90 469.46
696.31 683.52 671.42 659.91 648.88
1119.0 1119.2 1119.1 1118.8 1118.3
424.13 437.30 449.51 460.93 471.70
780.87 767.86 755.48 743.60 732.15
1205.0 1205.2 1 205.0 1 204.5 1 203.9
0.62168 0.63595 0.64900 0.66107 0.67231
0.86350 1.4852 0.83828 1.4742 0.81521 1.4642 0.79388 1.4550 0.77400 1.4463
(Continued)
Çengel: Introduction to Thermodynamics and Heat Transfer, Second Edition
Back Matter
Appendix 2: Property Tables and Charts (English Units)
821
© The McGraw−Hill Companies, 2008
Appendix 2
|
819
TABLE A–5E Saturated water—Pressure table (Concluded ) Specific volume,
Internal energy,
Enthalpy,
Entropy,
ft3 /lbm
Btu/lbm
Btu/lbm
Btu/lbm · R
Sat.
Sat.
Sat.
Sat.
Press.,
temp.,
P psia
T sat °F
liquid,
vapor,
liquid,
v f
v g
u f
Sat.
Sat.
Evap.,
vapor,
liquid,
u fg
u g
h f
Sat.
Sat.
Sat.
Evap.,
vapor,
liquid,
Evap.,
vapor,
h fg
h g
s f
s fg
s g
700
503.13
0.02051
0.65589
488.96
627.98
1116.9
491.62
710.29
1201.9
0.69279
0.73771
1.4305
800
518.27
0.02087
0.56920
506.74
608.30
1115.0
509.83
689.48
1199.3
0.71117
0.70502
1.4162
900
532.02
0.02124
0.50107
523.19
589.54
1112.7
526.73
669.46
1196.2
0.72793
0.67505
1.4030
1000
544.65
0.02 159
0.44604
538.58
571.49
1110.1
542.57
650.03
1192.6
0.74341
0.64722
1.3906
1200
567.26
0.02 232
0.36241
566.89
536.87
1103.8
571.85
612.39
1184.2
0.77143
0.59632
1.3677
1400
587.14
0.02 307
0.30161
592.79
503.50
1096.3
598.76
575.66
1174.4
0.79658
0.54991
1.3465
1600
604.93
0.02 386
0.25516
616.99
470.69
1087.7
624.06
539.18
1163.2
0.81972
0.50645
1.3262
1800
621.07
0.02 470
0.21831
640.03
437.86
1077.9
648.26
502.35
1150.6
0.84144
0.46482
1.3063
2000
635.85
0.02 563
0.18815
662.33
404.46
1066.8
671.82
464.60
1136.4
0.86224
0.42409
1.2863
2500
668.17
0.02 860
0.13076
717.67
313.53
1031.2
730.90
360.79
1091.7
0.91311
0.31988
1.2330
3000
695.41
0.03 433
0.08460
783.39
186.41
969.8
802.45
214.32
1016.8
0.97321
0.18554
1.1587
3200.1
705.10
0.04975
0.04975
866.61
0
866.6
896.07
0
896.1
1.05257
0
1.0526
822
820
Çengel: Introduction to Thermodynamics and Heat Transfer, Second Edition
|
Back Matter
Appendix 2: Property Tables and Charts (English Units)
© The McGraw−Hill Companies, 2008
Introduction to Thermodynamics and Heat Transfer
TABLE A–6E Superheated water T °F
u Btu/lbm
v
ft3 /lbm
h Btu/lbm
s Btu/ lbm · R
P 1.0 psia (101.69°F)*
Sat.† 333.49 200 392.53 240 416.44 280 440.33 320 464.20 360 488.07 400 511.92 440 535.77 500 571.54 600 631.14 700 690.73 800 750.31 1000 869.47 1200 988.62 1400 1107.8
1043.7 1077.5 1091.2 1105.0 1118.9 1132.9 1147.1 1161.3 1182.8 1219.4 1256.8 1295.1 1374.2 1457.1 1543.7
1105.4 1150.1 1168.3 1186.5 1204.8 1223.3 1241.8 1260.4 1288.6 1336.2 1384.6 1433.9 1535.1 1640.0 1748.7
1.9776 2.0509 2.0777 2.1030 2.1271 2.1502 2.1722 2.1934 2.2237 2.2709 2.3146 2.3553 2.4299 2.4972 2.5590
P 15 psia (212.99°F)
Sat. 240 280 320 360 400 440 500 600 700 800 1000 1200 1400 1600
26.297 27.429 29.085 30.722 32.348 33.965 35.576 37.986 41.988 45.981 49.967 57.930 65.885 73.836 81.784
1077.7 1087.8 1102.4 1116.9 1131.3 1145.7 1160.1 1181.9 1218.7 1256.3 1294.6 1374.0 1456.9 1543.6 1634.0
1150.7 1163.9 1183.2 1202.2 1221.1 1239.9 1258.8 1287.3 1335.3 1383.9 1433.3 1534.8 1639.8 1748.5 1861.0
7.1766 7.4863 7.9259 8.3548 8.7766 9.4005 10.4256 11.4401 12.4484 14.4543 16.4525 18.4464 20.438 22.428 24.417
1098.1 1109.6 1125.5 1140.9 1156.1 1178.8 1216.5 1254.5 1293.3 1373.0 1456.2 1543.0 1633.5 1727.6 1825.2
1177.8 1192.7 1213.5 1233.7 1253.6 1283.1 1332.2 1381.6 1431.5 1533.5 1638.9 1747.8 1860.5 1976.6 2096.3
ft3 /lbm
P 5.0 psia (162.18°F)
73.525 78.153 83.009 87.838 92.650 97.452 102.25 107.03 114.21 126.15 138.09 150.02 173.86 197.70 221.54
1062.7 1076.2 1090.3 1104.3 1118.4 1132.5 1146.7 1160.9 1182.6 1219.2 1256.7 1294.9 1374.2 1457.0 1543.7
1130.7 1148.5 1167.1 1185.6 1204.1 1222.6 1241.3 1260.0 1288.2 1335.9 1384.4 1433.7 1535.0 1640.0 1748.7
1.7549 1.7742 1.8010 1.8260 1.8496 1.8721 1.8936 1.9243 1.9718 2.0156 2.0565 2.1312 2.1986 2.2604 2.3178
20.093 20.478 21.739 22.980 24.209 25.429 26.644 28.458 31.467 34.467 37.461 43.438 49.407 55.373 61.335
1081.8 1086.5 1101.4 1116.1 1130.7 1145.1 1159.7 1181.6 1218.5 1256.1 1294.5 1373.8 1456.8 1543.5 1633.9
1156.2 1162.3 1181.9 1201.2 1220.2 1239.3 1258.3 1286.9 1334.9 1383.7 1433.1 1534.6 1639.7 1748.4 1860.9
1.8438 1.8716 1.8989 1.9246 1.9490 1.9722 1.9944 2.0156 2.0461 2.0933 2.1371 2.1778 2.2524 2.3198 2.3816
1.7319 1.7406 1.7679 1.7933 1.8171 1.8398 1.8614 1.8922 1.9398 1.9837 2.0247 2.0994 2.1668 2.2287 2.2861
P 80 psia (312.02°F)
1.6442 1.6636 1.6897 1.7138 1.7364 1.7682 1.8168 1.8613 1.9026 1.9777 2.0454 2.1073 2.1648 2.2187 2.2694
5.4733 1102.3 5.5440 1105.9 5.8876 1122.7 6.2187 1138.7 6.5420 1154.3 7.0177 1177.3 7.7951 1215.4 8.5616 1253.8 9.3218 1292.6 10.8313 1372.6 12.3331 1455.9 13.8306 1542.8 15.3257 1633.3 16.8192 1727.5 18.3117 1825.0
1183.4 1187.9 1209.9 1230.8 1251.2 1281.2 1330.8 1380.5 1430.6 1532.9 1638.5 1747.5 1860.2 1976.5 2096.1
*The temperature in parentheses is the saturation temperature at the specified pressure. †
s Btu/ lbm · R
h Btu/lbm
P 20 psia (227.92°F)
P 60 psia (292.69°F)
Sat. 320 360 400 440 500 600 700 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000
u Btu/lbm
v
Properties of saturated vapor at the specified pressure.
1.6212 1.6271 1.6545 1.6794 1.7026 1.7350 1.7841 1.8289 1.8704 1.9457 2.0135 2.0755 2.1330 2.1869 2.2376
u Btu/lbm
v
ft3 /lbm
s h Btu/ Btu/lbm lbm · R
P 10 psia (193.16°F)
38.425 38.849 41.326 43.774 46.205 48.624 51.035 53.441 57.041 63.029 69.007 74.980 86.913 98.840 110.762
1072.0 1074.5 1089.1 1103.4 1117.6 1131.9 1146.2 1160.5 1182.2 1219.0 1256.5 1294.8 1374.1 1457.0 1543.6
1143.1 1146.4 1165.5 1184.4 1203.1 1221.8 1240.6 1259.4 1287.8 1335.6 1384.2 1433.5 1534.9 1639.9 1748.6
1.7875 1.7926 1.8207 1.8469 1.8716 1.8950 1.9174 1.9388 1.9693 2.0167 2.0605 2.1013 2.1760 2.2433 2.3052
P 40 psia (267.22°F)
10.501
1092.1
1169.8
1.6766
10.713 11.363 11.999 12.625 13.244 14.165 15.686 17.197 18.702 21.700 24.691 27.678 30.662
1097.3 1176.6 1112.9 1197.1 1128.1 1216.9 1143.1 1236.5 1157.9 1256.0 1180.2 1285.0 1217.5 1333.6 1255.3 1382.6 1293.9 1432.3 1373.4 1534.1 1456.5 1639.3 1543.3 1748.1 1633.7 1860.7
1.6858 1.7128 1.7376 1.7610 1.7831 1.8143 1.8625 1.9067 1.9478 2.0227 2.0902 2.1522 2.2096
P 100 psia (327.81°F)
4.4327 1105.5 4.6628 4.9359 5.2006 5.5876 6.2167 6.8344 7.4457 8.6575 9.8615 11.0612 12.2584 13.4541 14.6487
1119.8 1136.4 1152.4 1175.9 1214.4 1253.0 1292.0 1372.2 1455.6 1542.6 1633.2 1727.3 1824.9
1187.5
1.6032
1206.1 1227.8 1248.7 1279.3 1329.4 1379.5 1429.8 1532.4 1638.1 1747.2 1860.0 1976.3 2096.0
1.6263 1.6521 1.6759 1.7088 1.7586 1.8037 1.8453 1.9208 1.9887 2.0508 2.1083 2.1622 2.2130
Çengel: Introduction to Thermodynamics and Heat Transfer, Second Edition
Back Matter
Appendix 2: Property Tables and Charts (English Units)
823
© The McGraw−Hill Companies, 2008
Appendix 2
|
821
TABLE A–6E Superheated water (Continued ) T °F
v
ft3 /lbm
u Btu/lbm
h Btu/lbm
s Btu/ lbm · R
P 120 psia (341.25°F)
Sat. 360 400 450 500 550 600 700 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000
3.7289 3.8446 4.0799 4.3613 4.6340 4.9010 5.1642 5.6829 6.1950 7.2083 8.2137 9.2149 10.2135 11.2106 12.2067
1107.9 1116.7 1134.0 1154.5 1174.4 1193.9 1213.4 1252.2 1291.4 1371.7 1455.3 1542.3 1633.0 1727.2 1824.8
1190.8 1202.1 1224.6 1251.4 1277.3 1302.8 1328.0 1378.4 1429.0 1531.8 1637.7 1746.9 1859.8 1976.1 2095.8
1.5883 1.6023 1.6292 1.6594 1.6872 1.7131 1.7375 1.7829 1.8247 1.9005 1.9684 2.0305 2.0881 2.1420 2.1928
P 180 psia (373.07°F)
Sat. 400 450 500 550 600 700 800 900 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000
2.5322 2.6490 2.8514 3.0433 3.2286 3.4097 3.7635 4.1104 4.4531 4.7929 5.4674 6.1377 6.8054 7.4716 8.1367
1113.0 1126.3 1148.7 1169.8 1190.2 1210.2 1249.8 1289.5 1329.7 1370.5 1454.3 1541.6 1632.4 1726.7 1824.4
1197.3 1214.5 1243.7 1271.2 1297.7 1323.8 1375.2 1426.5 1478.0 1530.1 1636.5 1746.0 1859.1 1975.6 2095.4
1.5548 1.5752 1.6082 1.6376 1.6646 1.6897 1.7361 1.7785 1.8179 1.8549 1.9231 1.9855 2.0432 2.0971 2.1479
P 250 psia (400.97°F)
Sat. 450 500 550 600 650 700 800 900 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000
1.8440 2.0027 2.1506 2.2910 2.4264 2.5586 2.6883 2.9429 3.1930 3.4403 3.9295 4.4144 4.8969 5.3777 5.8575
1116.3 1141.3 1164.1 1185.6 1206.3 1226.8 1247.0 1287.3 1327.9 1369.0 1453.3 1540.8 1631.7 1726.2 1823.9
1201.6 1234.0 1263.6 1291.5 1318.6 1345.1 1371.4 1423.5 1475.6 1528.2 1635.0 1745.0 1858.3 1974.9 2094.9
1.5270 1.5636 1.5953 1.6237 1.6499 1.6743 1.6974 1.7406 1.7804 1.8177 1.8863 1.9488 2.0066 2.0607 2.1116
v
ft3 /lbm
s u h Btu/ Btu/lbm Btu/lbm lbm · R
P 140 psia (353.03°F)
3.2202 3.2584 3.4676 3.7147 3.9525 4.1845 4.4124 4.8604 5.3017 6.1732 7.0367 7.8961 8.7529 9.6082 10.4624
1109.9 1113.4 1131.5 1152.6 1172.9 1192.7 1212.3 1251.4 1290.8 1371.3 1455.0 1542.1 1632.8 1727.0 1824.6
1193.4 1197.8 1221.4 1248.9 1275.3 1301.1 1326.6 1377.3 1428.1 1531.3 1637.3 1746.6 1859.5 1975.9 2095.7
1.5757 1.5811 1.6092 1.6403 1.6686 1.6948 1.7195 1.7652 1.8072 1.8832 1.9512 2.0134 2.0711 2.1250 2.1758
P 200 psia (381.80°F)
2.2882 2.3615 2.5488 2.7247 2.8939 3.0586 3.3796 3.6934 4.0031 4.3099 4.9182 5.5222 6.1238 6.7238 7.3227
1114.1 1123.5 1146.7 1168.2 1188.9 1209.1 1249.0 1288.9 1329.2 1370.1 1454.0 1541.4 1632.2 1726.5 1824.3
1198.8 1210.9 1241.0 1269.0 1296.0 1322.3 1374.1 1425.6 1477.3 1529.6 1636.1 1745.7 1858.8 1975.4 2095.3
1.5460 1.5602 1.5943 1.6243 1.6516 1.6771 1.7238 1.7664 1.8059 1.8430 1.9113 1.9737 2.0315 2.0855 2.1363
P 275 psia (409.45°F)
1.6806 1.8034 1.9415 2.0715 2.1964 2.3179 2.4369 2.6699 2.8984 3.1241 3.5700 4.0116 4.4507 4.8882 5.3247
1117.0 1138.5 1162.0 1183.9 1204.9 1225.6 1246.0 1286.5 1327.3 1368.5 1452.9 1540.5 1631.5 1726.0 1823.8
1202.6 1230.3 1260.8 1289.3 1316.7 1343.5 1370.0 1422.4 1474.8 1527.4 1634.5 1744.6 1858.0 1974.7 2094.7
1.5187 1.5499 1.5825 1.6115 1.6380 1.6627 1.6860 1.7294 1.7694 1.8068 1.8755 1.9381 1.9960 2.0501 2.1010
v
ft3 /lbm
u Btu/lbm
s h Btu/ Btu/lbm lbm · R
P 160 psia (363.54°F)
2.8347
1111.6
1195.5
1.5647
3.0076 3.2293 3.4412 3.6469 3.8484 4.2434 4.6316 5.3968 6.1540 6.9070 7.6574 8.4063 9.1542
1129.0 1150.7 1171.4 1191.4 1211.3 1250.6 1290.2 1370.9 1454.7 1541.8 1632.6 1726.9 1824.5
1218.0 1246.3 1273.2 1299.4 1325.2 1376.3 1427.3 1530.7 1636.9 1746.3 1859.3 1975.7 2095.5
1.5914 1.6234 1.6522 1.6788 1.7037 1.7498 1.7920 1.8682 1.9363 1.9986 2.0563 2.1102 2.1610
P 225 psia (391.80°F)
2.0423 2.0728 2.2457 2.4059 2.5590 2.7075 2.9956 3.2765 3.5530 3.8268 4.3689 4.9068 5.4422 5.9760 6.5087
1115.3 1119.7 1144.1 1166.2 1187.2 1207.7 1248.0 1288.1 1328.5 1369.5 1453.6 1541.1 1632.0 1726.4 1824.1
1200.3 1206.0 1237.6 1266.3 1293.8 1320.5 1372.7 1424.5 1476.5 1528.9 1635.6 1745.4 1858.6 1975.2 2095.1
1.5360 1.5427 1.5783 1.6091 1.6370 1.6628 1.7099 1.7528 1.7925 1.8296 1.8981 1.9606 2.0184 2.0724 2.1232
P 300 psia (417.35°F)
1.5435 1.6369 1.7670 1.8885 2.0046 2.1172 2.2273 2.4424 2.6529 2.8605 3.2704 3.6759 4.0789 4.4803 4.8807
1117.7 1135.6 1159.8 1182.1 1203.5 1224.4 1244.9 1285.7 1326.6 1367.9 1452.5 1540.2 1631.3 1725.8 1823.6
1203.3 1226.4 1257.9 1287.0 1314.8 1341.9 1368.6 1421.3 1473.9 1526.7 1634.0 1744.2 1857.7 1974.5 2094.6
1.5111 1.5369 1.5706 1.6001 1.6270 1.6520 1.6755 1.7192 1.7593 1.7968 1.8657 1.9284 1.9863 2.0404 2.0913
824
822
Çengel: Introduction to Thermodynamics and Heat Transfer, Second Edition
|
Back Matter
Appendix 2: Property Tables and Charts (English Units)
© The McGraw−Hill Companies, 2008
Introduction to Thermodynamics and Heat Transfer
TABLE A–6E Superheated water (Continued ) T °F
v
ft3 /lbm
s u h Btu/ Btu/lbm Btu/lbm lbm · R
P 350 psia (431.74°F)
Sat. 450 500 550 600 650 700 800 900 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000
1.3263 1.3739 1.4921 1.6004 1.7030 1.8018 1.8979 2.0848 2.2671 2.4464 2.7996 3.1484 3.4947 3.8394 4.1830
1118.5 1129.3 1155.2 1178.6 1200.6 1221.9 1242.8 1284.1 1325.3 1366.9 1451.7 1539.6 1630.8 1725.4 1823.3
1204.4 1218.3 1251.9 1282.2 1310.9 1338.6 1365.8 1419.1 1472.2 1525.3 1633.0 1743.5 1857.1 1974.0 2094.2
1.4973 1.5128 1.5487 1.5795 1.6073 1.6328 1.6567 1.7009 1.7414 1.7791 1.8483 1.9111 1.9691 2.0233 2.0742
P 500 psia (467.04°F)
Sat. 500 550 600 650 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000
0.92815 0.99304 1.07974 1.15876 1.23312 1.30440 1.44097 1.57252 1.70094 1.82726 1.95211 2.1988 2.4430 2.6856 2.9271
1119.1 1140.1 1167.1 1191.4 1214.3 1236.4 1279.2 1321.4 1363.6 1406.2 1449.4 1537.8 1629.4 1724.2 1822.3
1205.0 1.4642 1231.9 1.4928 1267.0 1.5284 1298.6 1.5590 1328.4 1.5865 1357.0 1.6117 1412.5 1.6576 1466.9 1.6992 1521.0 1.7376 1575.3 1.7735 1630.0 1.8075 1741.2 1.8708 1855.4 1.9291 1972.7 1.9834 2093.1 2.0345
P 800 psia (518.27°F)
Sat. 550 600 650 700 750 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000
0.56920 0.61586 0.67799 0.73279 0.78330 0.83102 0.87678 0.96434 1.04841 1.13024 1.21051 1.36797 1.52283 1.67606 1.82823
1115.0 1139.4 1170.5 1197.6 1222.4 1246.0 1268.9 1313.3 1357.0 1400.7 1444.6 1534.2 1626.5 1721.9 1820.4
1199.3 1230.5 1270.9 1306.0 1338.4 1369.1 1398.7 1456.0 1512.2 1568.0 1623.8 1736.7 1851.9 1970.0 2091.0
1.4162 1.4476 1.4866 1.5191 1.5476 1.5735 1.5975 1.6413 1.6812 1.7181 1.7528 1.8170 1.8759 1.9306 1.9819
v
ft3 /lbm
u h Btu/lbm Btu/lbm
s Btu/ lbm · R
P 400 psia (444.62°F)
1.1617 1.1747 1.2851 1.3840 1.4765 1.5650 1.6507 1.8166 1.9777 2.1358 2.4465 2.7527 3.0565 3.3586 3.6597
1119.0 1205.0 1.4852 1122.5 1209.4 1.4901 1150.4 1245.6 1.5288 1174.9 1277.3 1.5610 1197.6 1306.9 1.5897 1219.4 1335.3 1.6158 1240.7 1362.9 1.6401 1282.5 1417.0 1.6849 1324.0 1470.4 1.7257 1365.8 1523.9 1.7636 1450.9 1632.0 1.8331 1539.0 1742.7 1.8960 1630.3 1856.5 1.9541 1725.0 1973.6 2.0084 1823.0 2093.9 2.0594
P 600 psia (486.24°F)
0.77020 0.79526 0.87542 0.94605 1.01133 1.07316 1.19038 1.30230 1.41097 1.51749 1.62252 1.82957 2.0340 2.2369 2.4387
1118.3 1203.9 1.4463 1128.2 1216.5 1.4596 1158.7 1255.9 1.4996 1184.9 1289.9 1.5325 1209.0 1321.3 1.5614 1231.9 1351.0 1.5877 1275.8 1408.0 1.6348 1318.7 1463.3 1.6771 1361.4 1518.1 1.7160 1404.4 1572.9 1.7522 1447.8 1627.9 1.7865 1536.6 1739.7 1.8501 1628.4 1854.2 1.9085 1723.4 1971.8 1.9630 1821.7 2092.4 2.0141
P 1000 psia (544.65°F)
0.44604 0.45375 0.51431 0.56411 0.60844 0.64944 0.68821 0.76136 0.83078 0.89783 0.96327 1.09101 1.21610 1.33956 1.46194
1110.1 1115.2 1154.1 1185.1 1212.4 1237.6 1261.7 1307.7 1352.5 1396.9 1441.4 1531.8 1624.6 1720.3 1819.1
1192.6 1199.2 1249.3 1289.5 1325.0 1357.8 1389.0 1448.6 1506.2 1563.1 1619.7 1733.7 1849.6 1968.2 2089.6
1.3906 1.3972 1.4457 1.4827 1.5140 1.5418 1.5670 1.6126 1.6535 1.6911 1.7263 1.7911 1.8504 1.9053 1.9568
v
ft3 /lbm
u Btu/lbm
s h Btu/ Btu/lbm lbm · R
P 450 psia (456.31°F)
1.0324
1119.2
1205.2 1.4742
1.1233 1.2152 1.3001 1.3807 1.4584 1.6080 1.7526 1.8942 2.1718 2.4450 2.7157 2.9847 3.2527
1145.4 1171.1 1194.6 1216.9 1238.5 1280.8 1322.7 1364.7 1450.1 1538.4 1629.8 1724.6 1822.6
1238.9 1272.3 1302.8 1331.9 1360.0 1414.7 1468.6 1522.4 1631.0 1742.0 1856.0 1973.2 2093.5
1.5103 1.5441 1.5737 1.6005 1.6253 1.6706 1.7117 1.7499 1.8196 1.8827 1.9409 1.9952 2.0462
P 700 psia (503.13°F)
0.65589
1116.9
1201.9
1.4305
0.72799 0.79332 0.85242 0.90769 1.01125 1.10921 1.20381 1.29621 1.38709 1.56580 1.74192 1.91643 2.08987
1149.5 1177.9 1203.4 1227.2 1272.4 1316.0 1359.2 1402.5 1446.2 1535.4 1627.5 1722.7 1821.0
1243.8 1.4730 1280.7 1.5087 1313.8 1.5393 1344.8 1.5666 1403.4 1.6150 1459.7 1.6581 1515.2 1.6974 1570.4 1.7341 1625.9 1.7685 1738.2 1.8324 1853.1 1.8911 1970.9 1.9457 2091.7 1.9969
P 1250 psia (572.45°F)
0.34549
1102.0
1181.9
1.3623
0.37894 0.42703 0.46735 0.50344 0.53687 0.59876 0.65656 0.71184 0.76545 0.86944 0.97072 1.07036 1.16892
1129.5 1167.5 1198.7 1226.4 1252.2 1300.5 1346.7 1392.2 1437.4 1528.7 1622.2 1718.4 1817.5
1217.2 1266.3 1306.8 1342.9 1376.4 1439.0 1498.6 1556.8 1614.5 1729.8 1846.7 1966.0 2087.9
1.3961 1.4414 1.4771 1.5076 1.5347 1.5826 1.6249 1.6635 1.6993 1.7649 1.8246 1.8799 1.9315
Çengel: Introduction to Thermodynamics and Heat Transfer, Second Edition
Back Matter
Appendix 2: Property Tables and Charts (English Units)
825
© The McGraw−Hill Companies, 2008
Appendix 2
|
823
TABLE A–6E Superheated water (Concluded ) T °F
v
ft3 /lbm
u Btu/lbm
s h Btu/ Btu/lbm lbm · R
P 1500 psia (596.26°F)
Sat. 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 1000 1100 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000
0.27695 0.28189 0.33310 0.37198 0.40535 0.43550 0.46356 0.49015 0.54031 0.58781 0.63355 0.72172 0.80714 0.89090 0.97358
1092.1 1097.2 1147.2 1183.6 1214.4 1242.2 1268.2 1293.1 1340.9 1387.3 1433.3 1525.7 1619.8 1716.4 1815.9
1169.0 1175.4 1239.7 1286.9 1326.9 1363.1 1396.9 1429.2 1490.8 1550.5 1609.2 1726.0 1843.8 1963.7 2086.1
1.3362 1.3423 1.4016 1.4433 1.4771 1.5064 1.5328 1.5569 1.6007 1.6402 1.6767 1.7432 1.8033 1.8589 1.9108
P 2500 psia (668.17°F)
Sat. 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 1100 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000
v
ft3 /lbm
s Btu/ lbm · R
P 1750 psia (617.17°F)
P 2000 psia (635.85°F)
1.3112
0.18815
1066.8
1136.4
1.2863
0.26292 0.30252 0.33455 0.36266 0.38835 0.41238 0.45719 0.49917 0.53932 0.61621 0.69031 0.76273 0.83406
1122.8 1166.8 1201.5 1231.7 1259.3 1285.4 1334.9 1382.4 1429.2 1522.6 1617.4 1714.5 1814.2
1207.9 1264.7 1309.8 1349.1 1385.1 1419.0 1482.9 1544.1 1603.9 1722.1 1840.9 1961.5 2084.3
1.3607 1.4108 1.4489 1.4807 1.5088 1.5341 1.5796 1.6201 1.6572 1.7245 1.7852 1.8410 1.8931
0.20586 0.24894 0.28074 0.30763 0.33169 0.35390 0.39479 0.43266 0.46864 0.53708 0.60269 0.66660 0.72942
1091.4 1147.6 1187.4 1220.5 1250.0 1277.5 1328.7 1377.5 1425.1 1519.5 1615.0 1712.5 1812.6
1167.6 1239.8 1291.3 1334.3 1372.8 1408.5 1474.9 1537.6 1598.5 1718.3 1838.0 1959.2 2082.6
1.3146 1.3783 1.4218 1.4567 1.4867 1.5134 1.5606 1.6021 1.6400 1.7081 1.7693 1.8255 1.8778
P 3000 psia (695.41°F)
0.08460
0.16849 0.20327 0.22949 0.25174 0.27165 0.29001 0.30726 0.33949 0.36966 0.42631 0.48004 0.53205 0.58295
1098.4 1176.3 1.3072 1154.9 1249.0 1.3686 1195.9 1302.0 1.4116 1230.1 1346.6 1.4463 1260.7 1386.4 1.4761 1289.1 1423.3 1.5028 1316.1 1458.2 1.5271 1367.3 1524.4 1.5710 1416.6 1587.6 1.6103 1513.3 1710.5 1.6802 1610.1 1832.2 1.7424 1708.6 1954.8 1.7991 1809.4 2079.1 1.8518
0.09838 1005.3 1059.9 1.1960 0.14840 1114.1 1196.5 1.3118 0.17601 1167.5 1265.3 1.3676 0.19771 1208.2 1317.9 1.4086 0.21640 1242.8 1362.9 1.4423 0.23321 1273.9 1403.3 1.4716 0.24876 1302.8 1440.9 1.4978 0.27732 1356.8 1510.8 1.5441 0.30367 1408.0 1576.6 1.5850 0.35249 1507.0 1702.7 1.6567 0.39830 1605.3 1826.4 1.7199 0.44237 1704.7 1950.3 1.7773 0.48532 1806.1 2075.6 1.8304
676.1 0.8577 763.6 0.9347 1009.2 1.1410 1172.1 1.2734 1251.8 1.3355 1310.9 1.3799 1360.5 1.4157 1404.4 1.4463 1482.8 1.4983 1554.1 1.5426 1621.6 1.5821 1687.0 1.6182 1814.7 1.6835 1941.4 1.7422 2068.6 1.7961
s h Btu/ Btu/lbm lbm · R
1153.9
1031.2 1091.7 1.2330
657.9 742.3 962.1 1094.2 1156.7 1202.5 1240.7 1274.6 1335.1 1390.3 1443.0 1494.3 1595.5 1696.8 1799.7
ft3 /lbm
u Btu/lbm
1080.5
0.13076
0.02448 0.02871 0.06370 0.10520 0.12848 0.14647 0.16176 0.17538 0.19957 0.22121 0.24128 0.26028 0.29620 0.33033 0.36335
v
0.22681
P 4000 psia
650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1600 1800 2000
u h Btu/lbm Btu/lbm
969.8
P 3500 psia
1016.8 1.1587 0.02492 0.03065 0.10460 0.13639 0.15847 0.17659 0.19245 0.20687 0.23289 0.25654 0.29978 0.33994 0.37833 0.41561
P 5000 psia
0.02379 0.02678 0.03373 0.05937 0.08551 0.10390 0.11863 0.13128 0.15298 0.17185 0.18902 0.20508 0.23505 0.26320 0.29023
648.3 721.8 821.8 986.9 1092.4 1155.9 1203.9 1244.0 1312.2 1372.1 1427.8 1481.4 1585.6 1689.0 1793.2
670.3 746.6 853.0 1041.8 1171.5 1252.1 1313.6 1365.5 1453.8 1531.1 1602.7 1671.1 1803.1 1932.5 2061.7
663.7 760.0 1057.6 1134.3 1183.8 1223.4 1257.8 1289.0 1346.1 1399.3 1500.7 1600.4 1700.8 1802.9
679.9 779.9 1125.4 1222.6 1286.5 1337.8 1382.4 1423.0 1496.9 1565.4 1694.8 1820.5 1945.8 2072.1
0.8632 0.9511 1.2434 1.3224 1.3721 1.4106 1.4428 1.4711 1.5201 1.5627 1.6364 1.7006 1.7586 1.8121
P 6000 psia
0.8485 0.9156 1.0054 1.1581 1.2593 1.3198 1.3643 1.4004 1.4590 1.5070 1.5490 1.5868 1.6542 1.7142 1.7689
0.02325 0.02564 0.02981 0.03949 0.05815 0.07584 0.09010 0.10208 0.12211 0.13911 0.15434 0.16841 0.19438 0.21853 0.24155
640.3 708.1 788.7 897.1 1018.6 1103.5 1163.7 1211.4 1288.4 1353.4 1412.5 1468.4 1575.7 1681.1 1786.7
666.1 0.8408 736.5 0.9028 821.8 0.9747 941.0 1.0711 1083.1 1.1819 1187.7 1.2603 1263.7 1.3153 1324.7 1.3578 1424.0 1.4237 1507.8 1.4758 1583.8 1.5203 1655.4 1.5598 1791.5 1.6294 1923.7 1.6907 2054.9 1.7463
826
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Back Matter
Appendix 2: Property Tables and Charts (English Units)
© The McGraw−Hill Companies, 2008
Introduction to Thermodynamics and Heat Transfer
TABLE A–7E Compressed liquid water T °F
u h Btu/lbm Btu/lbm
v
ft3 /lbm
s v Btu/lbm · R ft3 /lbm
P 500 psia (467.04°F)
Sat. 32 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550
0.019750 0.015994 0.015998 0.016107 0.016317 0.016607 0.016972 0.017417 0.017954 0.018609 0.019425
447.68 0.01 18.03 67.86 117.70 167.70 218.04 268.92 320.64 373.61 428.44
449.51 1.49 19.51 69.35 119.21 169.24 219.61 270.53 322.30 375.33 430.24
0.64900 0.00001 0.03601 0.12930 0.21462 0.29349 0.36708 0.43641 0.50240 0.56595 0.62802
P 2000 psia (635.85°F)
Sat. 32 50 100 200 300 400 450 500 560 600 640 680 700
0.025634 0.015912 0.015921 0.016035 0.016527 0.017310 0.018442 0.019199 0.020154 0.021739 0.023317
662.33 0.07 17.91 67.36 166.54 266.92 370.30 424.06 480.08 552.21 605.77
671.82 5.96 23.80 73.30 172.66 273.33 377.12 431.16 487.54 560.26 614.40
0.86224 0.00010 0.03574 0.12838 0.29170 0.43376 0.56205 0.62314 0.68346 0.75692 0.80898
u h s v Btu/lbm Btu/lbm Btu/lbm· R ft3 /lbm
P 1000 psia (544.65°F)
0.021595 0.015966 0.015972 0.016083 0.016292 0.016580 0.016941 0.017380 0.017910 0.018552 0.019347 0.020368
538.58 0.03 17.99 67.69 117.42 167.31 217.51 268.24 319.77 372.48 426.93 484.03
542.57 2.99 20.95 70.67 120.43 170.38 220.65 271.46 323.08 375.91 430.51 487.80
0.74341 0 .00005 0.03593 0.12899 0.21416 0.29289 0.36634 0.43551 0.50132 0.56463 0.62635 0.68764
P 1500 psia (596.26°F)
0.023456 0.015939 0.015946 0.016059 0.016267 0.016553 0.016911 0.017345 0.017866 0.018496 0.019271 0.020258 0.021595
P 3000 psia (695.41°F)
0.034335 0.015859 0.015870 0.015988 0.016475 0.017242 0.018338 0.019062 0.019960 0.021405 0.022759 0.024765 0.028821
783.39 0.10 17.83 67.04 165.79 265.65 368.22 421.36 476.45 546.59 597.42 654.52 728.63
802.45 8.90 26.64 75.91 174.94 275.22 378.41 431.94 487.53 558.47 610.06 668.27 744.64
0.97321 0.00011 0.03554 0.12776 0.29053 0.43204 0.55959 0.62010 0.67958 0.75126 0.80086 0.85476 0.92288
u h s Btu/lbm Btu/lbm Btu/lbm · R
605.07 0.05 17.95 67.53 117.14 166.92 217.00 267.57 318.91 371.37 425.47 482.01 542.50
611.58 4.48 22.38 71.98 121.66 171.52 221.69 272.39 323.87 376.51 430.82 487.63 548.50
0.80836 0.00008 0.03584 0.12869 0.21369 0.29229 0.36560 0.43463 0.50025 0.56333 0.62472 0.68550 0.74731
P 5000 psia
0.015756 0.015773 0.015897 0.016375 0.017112 0.018145 0.018812 0.019620 0.020862 0.021943 0.023358 0.025366 0.026777
0.13 17.65 66.41 164.36 263.24 364.35 416.40 469.94 537.08 584.42 634.95 690.67 721.78
14.71 32.25 81.12 179.51 279.07 381.14 433.80 488.10 556.38 604.72 656.56 714.14 746.56
0.00002 0.03505 0.12652 0.28824 0.42874 0.55492 0.61445 0.67254 0.74154 0.78803 0.83603 0.88745 0.91564
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Appendix 2
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825
TABLE A–8E Saturated ice—water vapor
Temp., T °F
Sat. press., P sat psia
Specific volume, ft3 /lbm
Sat. ice,
Sat. vapor,
v i
v g
Internal energy, Btu/lbm
Sat. ice, u i
Enthalpy, Btu/lbm
Subl., u ig
Sat. vapor, u g
Sat. ice, h i
Entropy, Btu/Ibm · R
Subl., h ig
Sat. vapor, h g
Sat. ice, s i
Subl., s ig
Sat. vapor, s g
32.018 0.08871
0.01747
3299.6
143.34
1164.2
1020.9
143.34
1218.3
1075.0
0.29146
2.4779
2.1864
32
0.08864
0 .01747
3302.6
143.35
1164.2
1020.9
143.35
1218.4
1075.0
0.29148
2.4779
2.1865
30
0.08086
0 .01747
3605.8
144.35
1164.6
1020.2
144.35
1218.5
1074.2
0.29353
2.4883
2.1948
25
0.06405
0 .01746
4505.8
146.85
1165.4
1018.6
146.85
1218.8
1072.0
0.29865
2.5146
2.2160
20
0.05049
0 .01746
5657.6
149.32
1166.2
1016.9
149.32
1219.1
1069.8
0.30377
2.5414
2.2376
15
0.03960
0 .01745
7138.9
151.76
1167.0
1015.2
151.76
1219.3
1067.6
0.30889
2.5687
2.2598
10
0.03089
0 .01744
9054.0
154.18
1167.8
1013.6
154.18
1219.5
1065.4
0.31401
2.5965
2.2825
5
0.02397
0.01743 11,543
156.57
1168.5
1011.9
156.57
1219.7
1063.1
0.31913
2.6248
2.3057
0
0.01850
0.01743 14,797
158.94
1169.2
1010.3
158.94
1219.9
1060.9
0.32426
2.6537
2.3295
5
0.01420
0.01742 19,075
161.28
1169.9
1008.6
161.28
1220.0
1058.7
0.32938
2.6832
2.3538
10
0.01083
0.01741 24,731
163.60
1170.6
1007.0
163.60
1220.1
1056.5
0.33451
2.7133
2.3788
15
0.00821
0.01740 32,257
165.90
1171.2
1005.3
165.90
1220.2
1054.3
0.33964
2.7440
2.4044
20
0.00619
0.01740 42,335
168.16
1171.8
1003.6
168.16
1220.3
1052.1
0.34478
2.7754
2.4306
25
0.00463
0.01739 55,917
170.41
1172.4
1002.0
170.41
1220.3
1049.9
0.34991
2.8074
2.4575
30
0.00344
0.01738 74,345
172.63
1173.0
1000.3
172.63
1220.3
1047.7
0.35505
2.8401
2.4850
35
0.00254
0.01738 99,526
174.83
1173.5
998.7
174.83
1220.3
1045.5
0.36019
2.8735
2.5133
40
0.00186
0.01737 134,182
177.00
1174.0
997.0
177.00
1220.3
1043.3
0.36534
2.9076
2.5423
828
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Back Matter
Appendix 2: Property Tables and Charts (English Units)
© The McGraw−Hill Companies, 2008
Introduction to Thermodynamics and Heat Transfer 2 n i / f b l e
r u s s e r P t n a t s n o C
1 5 0 0
0 0 0 5 1
0 0 0
0 1
0 0
1 3 0 0
0 0 0 5
0
4 0 0 5 2 2 3
1740 1720
1 1 5
0
1700
0 0 0 4 0 0 3 0 0 0 2
0 0
1 0
5 0
1640
1200
0 1620 0 1 0 0 6 3
1 0 0 0 6 9 6 .
1600
2 . 0
9 5 0
4 1
1580 4 . 0
1100
0 1
9 0 0
1560
6
4 8 5 0
1540
6 . 0
1520 1
2
1000
8 0 0
1500
1 0 0 0
1300
1 1
1660
0 0 0 1
1400
1 2 0
0
6
1 1 0 0
0
1680
1 . 0
3 5 0 5 1 2 0 0 0 . 0
1 2 5
1760
0 0 0 0 0 4 0 3
0 0 0 6
0 8
1 4 0 0
3 0 0
1780
7 5 0
1480
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 1 1 8
146 0
2
0
0 6 0
9 0 0
900 7 0 0 6 5 0
1440
0 0 0
5
4 0
8 0 0
5 0 0.
0
5 1
1 0.
n t
E n t
7
0 0
0. 6
h a l y p
9 0 0
8 0 0
1 0 0 0
0 0 1
/l b m 2
5
n t V
1
5
0
5
0 0
1
5
0 1
2 0 0
0
5 1
5 2
0 2
0.0
3 5 0
4 0 0
0 3
4 5 0
5 3
5 0
0
0 4
5 5 0
6 0 0
5
5
4
0
7 0 0
5
5
6
3 5 0
0
100 6
5
8 5 0
2007
9 0 0
8 0
400 1220
2 0
0
1200
1 5 0
6 9 . 6 4 1 0 1
8 5
300 1180
1 0
0 1160
5 0 1140
4
9 9 0 5
0
2 1
2 . 0
500
1.5
200
1120
5 0 .
1100
1 . 0
2000
1.0
500
2 5 0
1000
0.5
0 0 0 2
0
1 1 0 1 1 5 0 0 0 0 0 9 0 5 0
7 5
0 0 0 1
3 0
6
7 5 0
600 0 0 5
Constant E nthalpy B py Btu / lbm
0
1 0
6 5 0
0 0
13 00
1 2 0
0 3
5 0 3 0 0
0
0 0 4 2
0
2 0
2 5 0
4 5
1 2 2
0 6
4 0 0
s t a C o n
1320
1 24 0
B t u
3 b m e f t / l o l u m
0 0 1
12 60
0 0 2
1
5
12 80
0 0 4 0 0 3
1
1 1 1 5 0 0 0
5 0 0
0
1340
s n o C
0 0 6 4 0.
s t a
3 t / f e m u l o V t n a t
F
1
C o n
0 2
136 0
m b l
°
0
5 5 0
1380
e r h e a t
0 0
0
5 0 0
140 0
2 0 .
t n c e r e P y , t i l a u Q t a n t s n o 6 C 0
, e r u t a r e p m e 700 T
6 0 0
0 1
C o n s t a n t S u p
0 0 2 0 0
3 3 0 . 5 0 0
6 0 0
4 0 0
3
5 2
800 F º
1420
5
0 0 3 0 0 0
7 0 0
5 0 0
4 0 2
0 0
2.0
Entropy, Btu/lbm·R
FIGURE A–9E T -s diagram for water. Source: Joseph H. Keenan, Frederick G. Keyes, Philip G. Hill, and Joan G. Moore, Steam Tables (New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1969).
100 60 32 2.4
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827
Entropy, Btu/lbm · R 1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
2.0
2.1
1100° F
s ia p 0 0 0 , 0 0 0 0 0 4 1 5 2 0 3 0 0 2
2.2
1600
1550 1000
0 0 0 1
1500
0 0 5
900
0 0 3 0
0 2
1450 8 0 0 0 0 1
700° F
m b l / 1400 u t B , y p l a 1350 h t n E
a i s p 0 5 0 2
6 0 0
0 1
1300 5 0 0
8
6 5 4 3 a i s p 2
4 0 0 300
1250
1200
0 1.
s a t u l i n r a t i o e n x = 0 .9 8 0 .9 6
200°F
5 0.
2 2.2 0. 1100
100
0 .9 4
0 . 9 2
0 . 9 0 0 . 8 8
2.1 1050
0 . 8 6
2.0
0 . 8 4
1000
0 . 8 0 2
. 8 0
1.3
1.4
1.9 1.5
1150
1.6
1.7
1.8
950
Entropy, Btu/lbm · R
FIGURE A–10E Mollier diagram for water. Source: Joseph H. Keenan, Frederick G. Keyes, Philip G. Hill, and Joan G. Moore, Steam Tables (New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1969).
830
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Back Matter
Appendix 2: Property Tables and Charts (English Units)
© The McGraw−Hill Companies, 2008
Introduction to Thermodynamics and Heat Transfer
TABLE A–11E Saturated refrigerant-134a—Temperature table Specific volume, ft3 /lbm
Sat. Temp., press., T °F P sat psia
Internal energy, Btu/lbm
Sat. liquid,
Sat. vapor,
v f
v g
7.432 8.581 9.869 11.306 12.906 14.680 16.642
0.01130 0.01136 0.01143 0.01150 0.01156 0.01163 0.01171
5 .7796 5.0509 4.4300 3.8988 3.4426 3.0494 2.7091
0.016
0 5 10 15
18.806 21.185 23.793 26.646 29.759
0.01178 0.01185 0.01193 0.01201 0.01209
2.4137 2.1564 1.9316 1.7345 1.5612
10.609 12.152 13.702 15.259 16.823
20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55
33.147 36.826 40.813 45.124 49.776 54.787 60.175 65.957
0.01217 0.01225 0.01234 0.01242 0.01251 0.01261 0.01270 0.01280
1.4084 1.2732 1.1534 1.0470 0.95205 0.86727 0.79136 0.72323
60 65 70 75 80 85 90
72.152 78.780 85.858 93.408 101.45 110.00 119.08
0.01290 0.01301 0.01312 0.01323 0.01334 0.01347 0.01359
95 100 105 110 115
128.72 138.93 149.73 161.16 173.23
120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210
185.96 213.53 244.06 277.79 314.94 355.80 400.66 449.90 504.00 563.76
40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5
Sat. liquid, u f
Evap., u fg
89.167 1.484 88.352 2.990 87.532 4.502 86.706 6.019 85.874 7.543 85.036 9.073 84.191
Enthalpy, Btu/lbm
Sat. vapor, u g
Sat. liquid, h f
Entropy, Btu/lbm · R
Sat. liquid, s f
Evap., s fg
Sat. vapor, s g
97.100 97.10 96.354 97.86 95.601 98.61 94.839 99.36 94.068 100.12 93.288 100.86 92.498 101.61
0.00000 0.00355 0.00708 0.01058 0.01405 0.01749 0.02092
0.23135 0.22687 0.22248 0.21817 0.21394 0.20978 0.20569
0.23135 0.23043 0.22956 0.22875 0.22798 0.22727 0.22660
Evap., h fg
Sat. vapor, h g
89.15 89.84 90.52 91.21 91.89 92.58 93.26
0.000 1.502 3.011 4.526 6.047 7.574 9.109
83.339 82.479 81.610 80.733 79.846
93.95 94.63 95.31 95.99 96.67
10.650 12.199 13.755 15.318 16.889
91.698 90.886 90.062 89.226 88.377
102.35 103.08 103.82 104.54 105.27
0.02431 0.02769 0.03104 0.03438 0.03769
0.20166 0.19770 0.19380 0.18996 0.18617
0.22598 0.22539 0.22485 0.22434 0.22386
18.394 19.973 21.560 23.154 24.757 26.369 27.990 29.619
78.950 78.043 77.124 76.195 75.253 74.298 73.329 72.346
97.34 98.02 98.68 99.35 100.01 100.67 101.32 101.97
18.469 20.056 21.653 23.258 24.873 26.497 28.131 29.775
87.514 86.636 85.742 84.833 83.907 82.963 82.000 81.017
105.98 106.69 107.40 108.09 108.78 109.46 110.13 110.79
0.04098 0.04426 0.04752 0.05076 0.05398 0.05720 0.06039 0.06358
0.18243 0.17874 0.17509 0.17148 0.16791 0.16437 0.16087 0.15740
0.22341 0.22300 0.22260 0.22224 0.22189 0.22157 0.22127 0.22098
0.66195 0.60671 0.55681 0.51165 0.47069 0.43348 0.39959
31.258 32.908 34.567 36.237 37.919 39.612 41.317
71.347 70.333 69.301 68.251 67.181 66.091 64.979
102.61 103.24 103.87 104.49 105.10 105.70 106.30
31.431 33.097 34.776 36.466 38.169 39.886 41.617
80.013 78.988 77.939 76.866 75.767 74.641 73.485
111.44 112.09 112.71 113.33 113.94 114.53 115.10
0.06675 0.06991 0.07306 0.07620 0.07934 0.08246 0.08559
0.15396 0.15053 0.14713 0.14375 0.14038 0.13703 0.13368
0.22070 0.22044 0.22019 0.21995 0.21972 0.21949 0.21926
0.01372 0.01386 0.01400 0.01415 0.01430
0.36869 0.34045 0.31460 0.29090 0.26913
43.036 44.768 46.514 48.276 50.054
63.844 62.683 61.496 60.279 59.031
106.88 107.45 108.01 108.56 109.08
43.363 45.124 46.902 48.698 50.512
72.299 71.080 69.825 68.533 67.200
115.66 116.20 116.73 117.23 117.71
0.08870 0.09182 0.09493 0.09804 0.10116
0.13033 0.12699 0.12365 0.12029 0.11693
0.21904 0.21881 0.21858 0.21834 0.21809
0.01446 0.01482 0.01521 0.01567 0.01619 0.01681 0.01759 0.01860 0.02009 0.02309
0.24909 0.21356 0.18315 0.15692 0.13410 0.11405 0.09618 0.07990 0.06441 0.04722
51.849 55.495 59.226 63.059 67.014 71.126 75.448 80.082 85.267 91.986
57.749 55.071 52.216 49.144 45.799 42.097 37.899 32.950 26.651 16.498
109.60 110.57 111.44 112.20 112.81 113.22 113.35 113.03 111.92 108.48
52.346 56.080 59.913 63.864 67.958 72.233 76.752 81.631 87.140 94.395
65.823 62.924 59.801 56.405 52.671 48.499 43.726 38.053 30.785 19.015
118.17 119.00 119.71 120.27 120.63 120.73 120.48 119.68 117.93 113.41
0.10428 0.11054 0.11684 0.12321 0.12970 0.13634 0.14323 0.15055 0.15867 0.16922
0.11354 0.10670 0.09971 0.09251 0.08499 0.07701 0.06835 0.05857 0.04666 0.02839
0.21782 0.21724 0.21655 0.21572 0.21469 0.21335 0.21158 0.20911 0.20533 0.19761
Source: Tables A–11E through A–13E are generated using the Engineering Equation Solver (EES) software developed by S. A. Klein and F. L. Alvarado. The routine used in calculations is the R134a, which is based on the fundamental equation of state developed by R. Tillner-Roth and H.D. Baehr, “An International Standard Formulation for the Thermodynamic Properties of 1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134a) for Temperatures from 170 K to 455 K and Pressures up to 70 MPa,” J. Phys. Chem, Ref. Data , Vol. 23, No. 5, 1994. The enthalpy and entropy values of saturated liquid are set to zero at 40°C (and 40°F).
Çengel: Introduction to Thermodynamics and Heat Transfer, Second Edition
Back Matter
Appendix 2: Property Tables and Charts (English Units)
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Appendix 2
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829
TABLE A–12E Saturated refrigerant-134a—Pressure table Specific volume,
Internal energy,
Enthalpy,
Entropy,
ft3 /lbm
Btu/lbm
Btu/lbm
Btu/lbm · R
Sat.
Sat.
Sat.
Sat.
Press.,
temp.,
P psia
T °F
l iquid,
vapor,
liquid,
v f
v g
u f
Sat.
Evap.,
vapor,
liquid,
u fg
u g
h f
8.3785 4.3753 2.9880 2.2772 1.8429
3.135 7.803 11.401 14.377
91.280 87.453 84.893 82.898 81.231
87.36 90.59 92.70 94.30 95.61
3.907
3.156 7.835 11.445 14.432
Sat.
Sat.
Sat.
Evap.,
vapor,
liquid,
Evap.,
vapor,
h fg
h g
s f
s fg
s g
99.022 95.528 93.155 91.282 89.701
95.11 98.68 100.99 102.73 104.13
0.00945
0.00742 0.01808 0.02605 0.03249
0.24353 0.22206 0.20908 0.19962 0.19213
0.23408 0.22948 0.22715 0.22567 0.22462
5 10 15 20 25
53.09
7.17
0.01113 0.01144 0.01165 0.01182 0.01196
30 35 40 45 50
15.37 22.57 29.01 34.86 40.23
0.01209 0.01221 0.01232 0.01242 0.01252
1.5492 1.3369 1.1760 1.0497 0.94791
16.939 19.205 21.246 23.110 24.83 2
79.780 78.485 77.307 76.221 75.209
96.72 97.69 98.55 99.33 100.04
17.006 19.284 21.337 23.214 24.948
88.313 87.064 85.920 84.858 83.863
105.32 106.35 107.26 108.07 108.81
0.03793 0.04267 0.04688 0.05067 0.05413
0.18589 0.18053 0.17580 0.17158 0.16774
0.22383 0.22319 0.22268 0.22225 0.22188
55 60 65 70 75
45.20 49.84 54.20 58.30 62.19
0.01261 0.01270 0.01279 0.01287 0.01295
0.86400 0.79361 0.73370 0.68205 0.63706
26.43 5 27.93 9 29.35 7 30.70 0 31.97 9
74.258 73.360 72.505 71.688 70.905
100.69 101.30 101.86 102.39 102.88
26.564 28.080 29.510 30.867 32.159
82.924 82.030 81.176 80.357 79.567
109.49 110.11 110.69 111.22 111.73
0.05733 0.06029 0.06307 0.06567 0.06813
0.16423 0.16098 0.15796 0.15512 0.15245
0.22156 0.22127 0.22102 0.22080 0.22059
80 85 90 95 100
65.89 69.41 72.78 76.02 79.12
0.01303 0.01310 0.01318 0.01325 0.01332
0.59750 0.56244 0.53113 0.50301 0.47760
33.20 1 34.37 1 35.49 5 36.57 8 37.623
70.151 69.424 68.719 68.035 67.371
103.35 103.79 104.21 104.61 104.99
33.394 34.577 35.715 36.811 37.869
78.804 78.064 77.345 76.645 75.962
112.20 112.64 113.06 113.46 113.83
0.07047 0.07269 0.07481 0.07684 0.07879
0.14993 0.14753 0.14525 0.14307 0.14097
0.22040 0.22022 0.22006 0.21991 0.21976
110 120 130 140 150
85.00 90.49 95.64 100.51 105.12
0.01347 0.01360 0.01374 0.01387 0.01400
0.43347 0.39644 0.36491 0.33771 0.31401
39.612 41.485 43.258 44.945 46.556
66.091 64.869 63.696 62.564 61.467
105.70 106.35 106.95 107.51 108.02
39.886 41.787 43.589 45.304 46.945
74.641 73.371 72.144 70.954 69.795
114.53 115.16 115.73 116.26 116.74
0.08246 0.08589 0.08911 0.09214 0.09501
0.13703 0.13335 0.12990 0.12665 0.12357
0.21949 0.21924 0.21901 0.21879 0.21857
160 170 180 190 200
109.50 113.69 117.69 121.53 125.22
0.01413 0.01426 0.01439 0.01452 0.01464
0.29316 0.27466 0.25813 0.24327 0.22983
48.101 49.586 51.018 52.402 53.743
60.401 59.362 58.345 57.349 56.371
108.50 108.95 109.36 109.75 110.11
48.519 50.035 51.497 52.912 54.285
68.662 67.553 66.464 65.392 64.335
117.18 117.59 117.96 118.30 118.62
0.09774 0.10034 0.10284 0.10524 0.10754
0.12062 0.11781 0.11511 0.11250 0.10998
0.21836 0.21815 0.21795 0.21774 0.21753
220 240 260 280 300
132.21 138.73 144.85 150.62 156.09
0.01490 0.01516 0.01543 0.01570 0.01598
0.20645 0.18677 0.16996 0.15541 0.14266
56.310 58.746 61.071 63.301 65.452
54.458 52.591 50.757 48.945 47.143
110.77 111.34 111.83 112.25 112.60
56.917 59.419 61.813 64.115 66.339
62.256 60.213 58.192 56.184 54.176
119.17 119.63 120.00 120.30 120.52
0.11192 0.11603 0.11992 0.12362 0.12715
0.10517 0.10061 0.09625 0.09205 0.08797
0.21710 0.21665 0.21617 0.21567 0.21512
350 400 450 500
168.64 179.86 190.02 199.29
0.01672 0.01757 0.01860 0.01995
0.11664 0.09642 0.07987 0.06551
70.554 75.385 80.092 84.871
42.627 37.963 32.939 27.168
113.18 113.35 113.03 112.04
71.638 76.686 81.641 86.718
49.099 43.798 38.041 31.382
120.74 120.48 119.68 118.10
0.13542 0.14314 0.15056 0.15805
0.07814 0.06848 0.05854 0.04762
0.21356 0.21161 0.20911 0.20566
29.52 14.15 2.43
3.918
Sat.
832
830
Çengel: Introduction to Thermodynamics and Heat Transfer, Second Edition
|
Back Matter
Appendix 2: Property Tables and Charts (English Units)
© The McGraw−Hill Companies, 2008
Introduction to Thermodynamics and Heat Transfer
TABLE A–13E Superheated refrigerant-134a T °F
v
ft3 /lbm
s u h Btu/ Btu/lbm Btu/lbm lbm · R
P 10 psia ( T sat
Sat. 20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220
4.3753 4.4856 4.7135 4.9380 5.1600 5.3802 5.5989 5.8165 6.0331 6.2490 6.4642 6.6789 6.8930 7.1068
90.59 92.13 95.41 98.77 102.20 105.72 109.32 113.01 116.79 120.66 124.61 128.65 132.77 136.98
29.52°F)
98.68 100.43 104.14 107.91 111.75 115.67 119.68 123.78 127.96 132.22 136.57 141.01 145.53 150.13
0.22948 0.23350 0.24174 0.24976 0.25761 0.26531 0.27288 0.28033 0.28767 0.29490 0.30203 0.30908 0.31604 0.32292
P 30 psia ( T sat 15.37°F)
Sat. 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280
1.5492 1.5691 1.6528 1.7338 1.8130 1.8908 1.9675 2.0434 2.1185 2.1931 2.2671 2.3408 2.4141 2.4871 2.5598
96.72 97.56 101.17 104.82 108.53 112.30 116.15 120.08 124.08 128.16 132.32 136.57 140.89 145.30 149.78
105.32 106.27 110.35 114.45 118.59 122.80 127.07 131.42 135.84 140.34 144.91 149.56 154.29 159.10 163.99
0.22383 0.22581 0.23414 0.24219 0.25002 0.25767 0.26517 0.27254 0.27979 0.28693 0.29398 0.30092 0.30778 0.31456 0.32126
P 60 psia ( T sat 49.84°F)
Sat. 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320
0.7936 0.8179 0.8636 0.9072 0.9495 0.9908 1.0312 1.0709 1.1101 1.1489 1.1872 1.2252 1.2629 1.3004 1.3377
101.30 103.31 107.23 111.16 115.14 119.16 123.25 127.41 131.63 135.93 140.30 144.75 149.27 153.87 158.54
110.11 112.39 116.82 121.24 125.68 130.16 134.70 139.30 143.96 148.69 153.48 158.35 163.29 168.31 173.39
0.22127 0.22570 0.23407 0.24211 0.24991 0.25751 0.26496 0.27226 0.27943 0.28649 0.29344 0.30030 0.30707 0.31376 0.32037
v
ft3 /lbm
u Btu/lbm
s h Btu/ Btu/lbm lbm · R
P 15 psia ( T sat
14.15°F)
v
ft3 /lbm
s u h Btu/ Btu/lbm Btu/lbm lbm · R
P 20 psia ( T sat
2.43°F)
2.9880
92.70
100.99
0.22715
2.2772
94.30
102.73
0.22567
3.1001 3.2551 3.4074 3.5577 3.7064 3.8540 4.0006 4.1464 4.2915 4.4361 4.5802 4.7239
95.08 98.48 101.95 105.50 109.13 112.84 116.63 120.51 124.48 128.53 132.66 136.88
103.68 107.52 111.41 115.38 119.42 123.54 127.74 132.02 136.39 140.84 145.37 149.99
0.23310 0.24127 0.24922 0.25700 0.26463 0.27212 0.27950 0.28677 0.29393 0.30100 0.30798 0.31487
2.2922 2.4130 2.5306 2.6461 2.7600 2.8726 2.9842 3.0950 3.2051 3.3146 3.4237 3.5324
94.72 98.19 101.70 105.28 108.93 112.66 116.47 120.37 124.35 128.41 132.55 136.78
103.20 107.12 111.07 115.07 119.15 123.29 127.52 131.82 136.21 140.67 145.22 149.85
0.22671 0.23504 0.24311 0.25097 0.25866 0.26621 0.27363 0.28093 0.28812 0.29521 0.30221 0.30912
P 40 psia (T sat 29.01°F)
1.1760 1.2126 1.2768 1.3389 1.3995 1.4588 1.5173 1.5750 1.6321 1.6887 1.7449 1.8007 1.8562 1.9114
98.55 107.26 0.22268 100.61 104.34 108.11 111.93 115.82 119.78 123.81 127.91 132.10 136.36 140.70 145.12 149.61
109.58 113.79 118.02 122.29 126.62 131.01 135.47 140.00 144.60 149.27 154.03 158.86 163.76
0.22738 0.23565 0.24363 0.25140 0.25900 0.26644 0.27375 0.28095 0.28803 0.29501 0.30190 0.30871 0.31543
P 70 psia (T sat 58.30°F)
0.6821 0.6857 0.7271 0.7662 0.8037 0.8401 0.8756 0.9105 0.9447 0.9785 1.0118 1.0449 1.0776 1.1101 1.1424
102.39 102.73 106.76 110.76 114.78 118.85 122.97 127.15 131.40 135.71 140.10 144.56 149.10 153.71 158.39
111.22 111.62 116.18 120.68 125.19 129.73 134.31 138.94 143.63 148.39 153.21 158.10 163.06 168.09 173.19
0.22080 0.22155 0.23016 0.23836 0.24628 0.25398 0.26149 0.26885 0.27607 0.28317 0.29015 0.29704 0.30384 0.31055 0.31718
P 50 psia ( T sat 40.23°F)
0.9479
100.04 108.81 0.22188
1.0019 1.0540 1.1043 1.1534 1.2015 1.2488 1.2955 1.3416 1.3873 1.4326 1.4776 1.5223
103.84 107.68 111.55 115.48 119.47 123.53 127.66 131.87 136.15 140.50 144.93 149.44
113.11 117.43 121.77 126.16 130.59 135.09 139.65 144.28 148.98 153.76 158.60 163.53
0.23031 0.23847 0.24637 0.25406 0.26159 0.26896 0.27621 0.28333 0.29036 0.29728 0.30411 0.31086
P 80 psia ( T sat 65.89°F)
0.59750
103.35 112.20 0.22040
0.62430 0.66009 0.69415 0.72698 0.75888 0.79003 0.82059 0.85065 0.88030 0.90961 0.93861 0.96737 0.99590
106.26 110.34 114.42 118.52 122.68 126.89 131.16 135.49 139.90 144.37 148.92 153.54 158.24
115.51 120.11 124.69 129.29 133.91 138.58 143.31 148.09 152.93 157.84 162.82 167.86 172.98
0.22661 0.23499 0.24304 0.25083 0.25841 0.26583 0.27310 0.28024 0.28726 0.29418 0.30100 0.30773 0.31438
(Continued)
Çengel: Introduction to Thermodynamics and Heat Transfer, Second Edition
Back Matter
Appendix 2: Property Tables and Charts (English Units)
833
© The McGraw−Hill Companies, 2008
Appendix 2
|
831
TABLE A–13E Superheated refrigerant-134a (Concluded ) T °F
v
ft3 /lbm
u Btu/lbm
h Btu/lbm
s Btu/ lbm · R
P 90 psia (T sat 72.78°F)
Sat. 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320
0.53113 0.54388 0.57729 0.60874 0.63885 0.66796 0.69629 0.72399 0.75119 0.77796 0.80437 0.83048 0.85633 0.88195
104.21 105.74 109.91 114.04 118.19 122.38 126.62 130.92 135.27 139.69 144.19 148.75 153.38 158.08
113.06 114.80 119.52 124.18 128.83 133.51 138.22 142.97 147.78 152.65 157.58 162.58 167.64 172.77
0.22006 0.22330 0.23189 0.24008 0.24797 0.25563 0.26311 0.27043 0.27762 0.28468 0.29162 0.29847 0.30522 0.31189
P 140 psia (T sat 100.50°F)
Sat. 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340 360
0.33771 0.36243 0.38551 0.40711 0.42766 0.44743 0.46657 0.48522 0.50345 0.52134 0.53895 0.55630 0.57345 0.59041
107.51 111.96 116.41 120.81 125.22 129.65 134.12 138.64 143.21 147.85 152.54 157.30 162.13 167.02
116.26 121.35 126.40 131.36 136.30 141.24 146.21 151.21 156.26 161.35 166.50 171.71 176.98 182.32
0.21879 0.22773 0.23628 0.24443 0.25227 0.25988 0.26730 0.27455 0.28166 0.28864 0.29551 0.30228 0.30896 0.31555
P 200 psia (T sat 125.22°F)
Sat. 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340 360
0.22983 0.24541 0.26412 0.28115 0.29704 0.31212 0.32658 0.34054 0.35410 0.36733 0.38029 0.39300 0.40552
110.11 113.85 118.66 123.35 128.00 132.64 137.30 141.99 146.72 151.50 156.33 161.22 166.17
118.62 122.93 128.44 133.76 138.99 144.19 149.38 154.59 159.82 165.09 170.40 175.77 181.18
0.21753 0.22481 0.23384 0.24229 0.25035 0.25812 0.26565 0.27298 0.28015 0.28718 0.29408 0.30087 0.30756
v
ft3 /lbm
u Btu/lbm
h Btu/lbm
s Btu/ lbm · R
P 100 psia (T sat 79.12°F)
0.47760 104.99 0.47906 105.18 0.51076 109.45 0.54022 113.66 0.56821 117.86 0.59513 122.08 0.62122 126.35 0.64667 130.67 0.67158 135.05 0.69605 139.49 0.72016 143.99 0.74396 148.57 0.76749 153.21 0.79079 157.93
113.83 114.05 118.90 123.65 128.37 133.09 137.85 142.64 147.47 152.37 157.32 162.34 167.42 172.56
0.21976 0.22016 0.22900 0.23733 0.24534 0.25309 0.26063 0.26801 0.27523 0.28233 0.28931 0.29618 0.30296 0.30964
P 160 psia (T sat 109.50°F)
0.29316 0.30578 0.32774 0.34790 0.36686 0.38494 0.40234 0.41921 0.43564 0.45171 0.46748 0.48299 0.49828 0.51338
108.50 111.01 115.62 120.13 124.62 129.12 133.64 138.20 142.81 147.48 152.20 156.98 161.83 166.74
117.18 120.06 125.32 130.43 135.49 140.52 145.55 150.62 155.71 160.85 166.04 171.28 176.58 181.94
0.21836 0.22337 0.23230 0.24069 0.24871 0.25645 0.26397 0.27131 0.27849 0.28554 0.29246 0.29927 0.30598 0.31260
P 300 psia (T sat 156.09°F)
0.14266
v
ft3 /lbm
u h Btu/lbm Btu/lbm
s Btu/ lbm · R
P 120 psia (T sat 90.49°F)
0.39644 106.35
115.16 0.21924
0.41013 0.43692 0.46190 0.48563 0.50844 0.53054 0.55206 0.57312 0.59379 0.61413 0.63420 0.65402
117.59 122.54 127.41 132.25 137.09 141.95 146.85 151.80 156.79 161.85 166.96 172.14
108.48 112.84 117.15 121.46 125.79 130.17 134.59 139.07 143.61 148.21 152.88 157.62
0.22362 0.23232 0.24058 0.24851 0.25619 0.26368 0.27100 0.27817 0.28521 0.29214 0.29896 0.30569
P 180 psia (T sat 117.69°F)
0.25813 0.26083 0.28231 0.30154 0.31936 0.33619 0.35228 0.36779 0.38284 0.39751 0.41186 0.42594 0.43980 0.45347
109.36 109.94 114.77 119.42 124.00 128.57 133.15 137.76 142.40 147.10 151.85 156.66 161.53 166.46
117.96 118.63 124.17 129.46 134.64 139.77 144.88 150.01 155.16 160.34 165.57 170.85 176.18 181.56
0.21795 0.21910 0.22850 0.23718 0.24540 0.25330 0.26094 0.26837 0.27562 0.28273 0.28970 0.29656 0.30331 0.30996
P 400 psia (T sat 179.86°F)
112.60
120.52
0.21512 0.09642 113.35
120.48 0.21161
0.14656 113.82 0.16355 119.52 0.17776 124.78 0.19044 129.85 0.20211 134.83 0.21306 139.77 0.22347 144.70 0.23346 149.65 0.24310 154.63 0.25246 159.64 0.26159 164.70
121.95 128.60 134.65 140.42 146.05 151.59 157.11 162.61 168.12 173.66 179.22
0.21745 0.22802 0.23733 0.24594 0.25410 0.26192 0.26947 0.27681 0.28398 0.29098 0.29786
120.56 128.99 135.88 142.20 148.25 154.14 159.94 165.70 171.44 177.18
0.09658 0.11440 0.12746 0.13853 0.14844 0.15756 0.16611 0.17423 0.18201 0.18951
113.41 120.52 126.44 131.95 137.26 142.48 147.65 152.80 157.97 163.15
0.21173 0.22471 0.23500 0.24418 0.25270 0.26077 0.26851 0.27599 0.28326 0.29035
834
832
Çengel: Introduction to Thermodynamics and Heat Transfer, Second Edition
|
Back Matter
Appendix 2: Property Tables and Charts (English Units)
© The McGraw−Hill Companies, 2008
Introduction to Thermodynamics and Heat Transfer
–20 3000
20
2000
0 8
5
0
5 9
60
8
9
1000
3 t f / m lb 5 7
100 5 6
0 7
0 5 6 5
140 5 0
5 4
4 0
180 3 5
3 0
2 4
220
t y = D e n s i
2 0
8
3
2000
1 2 9.6
1000
1 8 l b m / f t
2
1
260 3000
7. 2
0
R-134a
4.8
1
T
400
4 0
=
3.6
1
0
100
0.96
2 0
0.36
40
0.24
2
0 4 2 0 0 0 0 2 . . 0 0 0 0 0 - 6 T 0
.
4 0 . 0
6
0 . 0
8 0 . 0
0 1 . 0
2 1 . 0
4 1 . 0
0.18 6 8 1 . 1 . 0 0
= 1 0 0 ° ° F
i d u i q l d a te r at u . 1 . 2 s 0 0
3 . 0
4 . 0
5 . 0
6 . 0
7 . 0
8 . 0
0 2 4 . 2 0 . 2 . 2 6 0 . 2 0 0
r u o p a v d 9 . e t 0 0 a 2 r 0 6 u t a s
8 2 . 0
R · m b l / 2 4 t u 3 3 . B 0 . 0 0 3 . 0 = s 0
0 0 0 0 2 6 1
0 8 4 1 1
0 0 2 6 2 2
20
60
100
6 3 . 0
0.096
8 3 . 0
0 4 . 0
F °
0 0 3
=
0 4 3
T
0
8 3
0 2 4
2 4 . 0 =
s
140
20
0.12
-
1 –20
100
0. 48
-
2
200
1. 2 0. 72
.
4
1.8
6 0
a i s p , e r u s s 40 e r P
10
2. 4
F
°
200
20
0
400
180
0 6 4
2 4 . 0 0 0 5
10
0.0 72 0.048 0
0 0 4 8 5 5
0.036
2 6
4
0.024
4 4 0 . 220
Enthalpy, Btu/lbm
FIGURE A–14E P-h diagram for refrigerant-134a. Reprinted by permission of American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc., Atlanta, GA.
0.018
6 4 0.
2
0.012
1 260
Çengel: Introduction to Thermodynamics and Heat Transfer, Second Edition
Back Matter
Appendix 2: Property Tables and Charts (English Units)
835
© The McGraw−Hill Companies, 2008
Appendix 2
|
833
TABLE A–15E Properties of saturated water
Density
Saturation Temp. Pressure T , F P sat, psi a
Liquid
Vapor
32.02 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 212 220 230 240 250 260 270 280 290 300 320 340 360 380 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 705.44
62.41 62.42 62.41 62.36 62.30 62.22 62.12 62.00 61.86 61.71 61.55 61.38 61.19 60.99 60.79 60.57 60.35 60.12 59.87 59.82 59.62 59.36 59.09 58.82 58.53 58.24 57.94 57.63 57.31 56.65 55.95 56.22 54.46 53.65 51.46 48.95 45.96 42.32 37.31 27.28 19.79
0.00030 0.00034 0.00059 0.00083 0.00115 0.00158 0.00214 0.00286 0.00377 0.00493 0.00636 0.00814 0.0103 0.0129 0.0161 0.0199 0.0244 0.0297 0.0359 0.0373 0.0432 0.0516 0.0612 0.0723 0.0850 0.0993 0.1156 0.3390 0.1545 0.2033 0.2637 0.3377 0.4275 0.5359 0.9082 1.479 4.268 3.736 6.152 13.44 19.79
0.0887 0.1217 0.1780 0.2563 0.3632 0.5073 0.6988 0.9503 1.2763 1.6945 2.225 2.892 3.722 4.745 5.996 7.515 9.343 11.53 14.125 14.698 17.19 20.78 24.97 29.82 35.42 41.85 49.18 57–53 66.98 89.60 117.93 152.92 195.60 241.1 422.1 680.0 1046.7 1541 2210 3090 3204
r , lbm/ft3
Enthalpy of Vaporization
Specific Heat c r , Btu/Ibm · R
h fg, Btu/lbm Liquid
1075 1071 1065 1060 1054 1048 1043 1037 1031 1026 1020 1014 1008 1002 996 990 984 978 972 970 965 959 952 946 939 932 926 918 910 895 880 863 845 827 775 715 641 550 422 168 0
1.010 1.004 1.000 0.999 0.999 0.999 0.999 0.999 0.999 0.999 0.999 0.999 1.000 1.000 1.001 1.002 1.004 1.005 1.007 1.007 1.009 1.011 1.013 1.015 1.018 1.020 1.023 1.026 1.029 1.036 1.044 1.054 1.065 1.078 1.121 1.188 1.298 1.509 2.086 13.80
Thermal Conductivity k, Btu/h · ft· R
Dynamic Viscosity m, Ibm/ft · s
Prandil Number Pr
Volume Expansion Coefficient b, 1/R
Vapor
Liquid
Vapor
Liquid
Vapor
Liquid
Vapor
Liquid
0.446 0.447 0.448 0.449 0.450 0.451 0.453 0.454 0.456 0.458 0.460 0.463 0.465 0.468 0.472 0.475 0.479 0.483 0.487 0.488 0.492 0.497 0.503 0.509 0.516 0.523 0.530 0.538 0.547 0.567 0.590 0.617 0.647 0.683 0.799 0.972 1.247 1.759 3.103 25.90
0.324 0.329 0.335 0.341 0.347 0.352 0.358 0.363 0.367 0.371 0.375 0.378 0.381 0.384 0.386 0.388 0.390 0.391 0.392 0.392 0.393 0.394 0.394 0.395 0.395 0.395 0.395 0.395 0.394 0.393 0.391 0.389 0.385 0.382 0.370 0.352 0.329 0.299 0.267 0.254
0.0099 0.0100 0.0102 0.0104 0.0106 0.0108 0.0110 0.0112 0.0115 0.0117 0.0120 0.0122 0.0125 0.0128 0.0131 0.0134 0.0137 0.0141 0.0144 0.0145 0.0148 0.0152 0.0156 0.0160 0.0164 0.0168 0.0172 0.0177 0.0182 0.0191 0.0202 0.0213 0.0224 0.0237 0.0271 0.0312 0.0368 0.0461 0.0677 0.1964
1.204 103 1.308 103 8.781 104 7.536 104 6.556 104 5.764 104 5.117 104 4.578 104 4.128 104 3.744 104 3.417 104 3.136 104 2.889 104 2.675 104 2.483 104 2.317 104 2.169 104 2.036 104 1.917 104 1.894 104 1808 104 1.711 104 1.625 104 1.544 104 1.472 104 1.406 104 1.344 104 1.289 104 1.236 104 1.144 104 1.063 104 9.972 105 9.361 105 8.833 105 7.722 105 6.833 105 6.083 105 5.389 105 4.639 105 3.417 105 2.897 105
6.194 106 6.278 106 6.361 106 6.444 106 6.556 106 6.667 106 6.778 106 6.889 106 7.000 106 7.111 106 7.222 106 7.333 106 7.472 106 7.583 106 7.722 106 7.833 106 7.972 106 8.083 106 8.222 106 8.250 106 8.333 106 8.472 106 8.611 106 8.611 106 8.861 106 9.000 106 9.111 106 9.250 106 9.389 106 9.639 106 9.889 106 1.013 105 1.041 105 1.066 105 1.130 105 1.200 10–5 1.280 105 1.380 105 1.542 105 2.044 105 2.897 105
13.5 11. 4 9.44 7.95 6.79 5.89 5.14 4.54 4.05 3.63 3.28 2.98 2.73 2.51 2.90 2.15 2.01 1.88 1.77 1.75 1.67 1.58 1.50 1.43 1.37 1.31 1.25 1.21 1.16 1.09 1.02 0. 973 0. 932 0. 893 0. 842 0. 830 0. 864 0. 979 1.30 6.68
1.00 1 .01 1.01 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.01 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.01 1.01 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1 .06 1 .08 1 .11 1 .20 1 .35 1 .56 1 .90 2.54 9.71
0.038
103 A 0.0 03 103 0.047 103 0.080 103 0.115 103 0.145 103 0.174 103 0.200 103 0.224 103 0246 103 0.267 103 0.287 103 0.306 103 0.325 103 0.346 103 0.367 103 0.382 103 0.395 103 0.412 103 0.417 103 0.429 103 0.443 103 0.462 103 0.480 103 0.497 103 0.514 103 0.532 103 0.549 103 0.566 103 0.636 103 0.656 103 0. 681 103 0. 720 103 0. 771 103 0. 912 103 1. 111 103 1. 445 103 1. 883 103
Note 1: Kinematic viscosity n and thermal diffusivity a can be calculated from their definitions, n m / r and a k / rc n /Pr. The temperatures 32.02F, r 212F, and 705.44F are the triple-, boiling-, and critical-point temperatures of water, respectively. All properties listed above (except the vapor density) can be used at any pressures with negligible error except at temperatures near the critical-point value. Note 2: The unit Btu/lbm·F for specific heat is equivalent to Btu/lbm·R, and the unit Btu/h·ft·F for thermal conductivity is equivalent to Btu/h·ft·R. Source: Viscosity and thermal conductivity data are from J. V. Sengers and J . T. T. Watson,Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data 15 (1986), pp. 1291–1322. Other data are obtained from various sources or calculated.
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Appendix 2: Property Tables and Charts (English Units)
© The McGraw−Hill Companies, 2008
Introduction to Thermodynamics and Heat Transfer
TABLE A–16E Properties of saturated refrigerant-134a
Saturation Temp. Pressure T , F P sat, psia 40 30 20 10
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210
7.4 9.9 12.9 16.6 21.2 26.6 33.1 40.8 49.8 60.2 72.2 85.9 101.4 119.1 138.9 161.2 186.0 213.5 244.1 277.8 314.9 355.8 400.7 449.9 504.0 563.8
Density r , lbm/ft3
Liquid
Vapor
88.51 87.5 86.48 85.44 84.38 83.31 82.2 81.08 79.92 78.73 77.51 76.25 74.94 73.59 72.17 70.69 69.13 67.48 65.72 63.83 61.76 59.47 56.85 53.75 49.75 43.19
0.1731 0.2258 0.2905 0.3691 0.4635 0.5761 0.7094 0.866 1.049 1.262 1.509 1.794 2.122 2.5 2.935 3.435 4.012 4.679 5.455 6.367 7.45 8.762 10.4 12.53 15.57 21.18
Enthalpy of Vaporization
Specific Heat c p , Btu/Ibm·R
h fg, Btu/lbm Liquid
97.1 95.6 94.1 92.5 90.9 89.3 87.5 85.8 83.9 82.0 80.0 78.0 75.8 73.5 71.1 68.5 65.8 62.9 59.8 56.4 52.7 48.5 43.7 38.0 30.7 18.9
0.2996 0.3021 0.3046 0.3074 0.3103 0.3134 0.3167 0.3203 0.3240 0.3281 0.3325 0.3372 0.3424 0.3481 0.3548 0.3627 0.3719 0.3829 0.3963 0.4131 0.4352 0.4659 0.5123 0.5929 0.7717 1.4786
Thermal Conductivity k , Btu/h·ft·R
Vapor
Liquid
0.1788 0.1829 0.1872 0.1918 0.1966 0.2017 0.2070 0.2127 0.2188 0.2253 0.2323 0.2398 0.2481 0.2572 0.2674 0.2790 0.2925 0.3083 0.3276 0.3520 0.3839 0.4286 0.4960 0.6112 0.8544 1.6683
0.0636 0.0626 0.0613 0.0602 0.0589 0.0576 0.0563 0.0550 0.0536 0.0522 0.0507 0.0492 0.0476 0.0460 0.0444 0.0427 0.0410 0.0392 0.0374 0.0355 0.0335 0.0314 0.0292 0.0267 0.0239 0.0199
Vapor 0.00466 0.00497 0.00529 0.00559 0.00589 0.00619 0.00648 0.00676 0.00704 0.00732 0.00758 0.00785 0.00810 0.00835 0.00860 0.00884 0.00908 0.00931 0.00954 0.00976 0.00998 0.01020 0.01041 0.01063 0.01085 0.01110
Prandil Number Pr
Dynamic Viscosity m, Ibm/ft·s Liquid 3.278 3.004 2.762 2.546 2.345 2.181 2.024 1.883 1.752 1.633 1.522 1.420 1.324 1 .234 1.149 1.068 9.911 9.175 8.464 7.778 7.108 6.450 5.792 5.119 4.397 3.483
104 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105
Vapor 1.714 2.053 2.433 2.856 3.314 3.811 4.342 4.906 5.494 6.103 6.725 7.356 7.986 8.611 9.222 9.814 1.038 1.092 1.144 1.195 1.245 1.298 1.366 1.431 1.544 1.787
106 106 106 106 106 104 106 106 106 106 106 106 106 106 106 106 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105
Volume Expansion Coefficient b, 1 /R
Surface Ten si on
Liquid
Vapor
Liquid
lbf/ft
5.558 5.226 4.937 4.684 4.463 4.269 4.098 3.947 3.814 3.697 3.594 3.504 3.425 3.357 3.303 3.262 3.235 3.223 3.229 3.259 3.324 3.443 3.661 4.090 5.119 9.311
0.237 0.272 0.310 0.352 0.398 0.447 0.500 0.555 0.614 0.677 0.742 0.810 0.880 0.955 1.032 1.115 1.204 1.303 1.416 1.551 1.725 1.963 2.327 2.964 4.376 9.669
0.00114 0.00117 0.00120 0.00124 0.00128 0.00132 0.00132 0.00142 0.00149 0.00156 0.00163 0.00173 0.00183 0.00195 0.00210 0.00227 0.00248 0.00275 0.00308 0.00351 0.00411 0.00498 0.00637 0.00891 0.01490 0.04021
0.001206 0.001146 0.001087 0.001029 0.000972 0.000915 O.000859 0.000803 0.000749 0.000695 0.000642 0.000590 0.000538 0.000488 0.000439 0.000391 0.000344 0.000299 0.000255 0.000212 0.000171 0.000132 0.000095 0.000061 0.000031 0.000006
Note 1: Klnematic viscosity n and thermal diffusivity a can be calculated from their definitions, n m / r and a k / rc n /Pr. The properties listed here p (except the vapor density) can be used at any pressures with negligible error except at temperatures near the critical-point value. Note 2: The unit Btu/lbm . F for specific heat is equivalent to Btu/lbm·R, and the unit Btu/h·ft·F for thermal conductivity is equivalent to Btu/h·ft·R. Source: Data generated from the EES software developed by S. A. Klein and F. L. Alvarado. Original sources: R. Tilner-Roth and H. D. Baehr, “An International Standard Formulation for the Thermodynamic Properties of 1,1,1,2-Tetrafluorethane (HFC-134a) for Temperatures from 170 K to 455 K and Pressures up to 70 Mpa,” J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data , Vol. 23, No.5, 1994: M. J. Assael, N. K. Dalaouti, A. A. Griva, and J. H. Dymond, “Viscosity and Thermal Conductivity of Halogenated Methane and Ethane Refrigerants,” IJR , Vol. 22, pp. 525–535, 1999: NIST REPROP 6 program (M. O. McLinden, S. A. Klein, E. W. Lemmon, and A. P. Peskin, Physicial and Chemica l Properties Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO 80303. 1995).
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TABLE A–17E Properties of saturated ammonia
Saturation Temp. Pressure T , F P sat, ps ia 40 30 20 10
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 10 0 11 0 12 0 13 0 14 0 15 0 16 0 17 0 18 0 19 0 20 0 21 0 22 0 23 0 24 0
10.4 13.9 18. 3 23. 7 30–4 38.5 48.2 59.8 73.4 89.2 107 .7 128 .9 153 .2 180 .8 212 .0 247 .2 286 .5 330 .4 379 .4 433 .2 492 .7 558 .2 630 .1 708 .5 794 .4 887 .9 989 .5 1 099. 0 1 219. 4
Density r , lbm/ft3
L iqu id
Va po r
43.08 42.66 42. 33 41. 79 41.34 40.89 40.43 39.96 39.48 38.99 38. 50 37. 99 37. 47 36. 94 36. 40 35. 83 35. 26 34. 66 34. 04 33. 39 32. 72 32. 01 31. 26 30. 47 29. 62 28. 70 27. 69 25. 57 25. 28
0.0402 0.0527 0 .06 81 0 .08 69 0.1097 0.1370 0.1694 0.2075 0.2521 0.3040 0 .36 41 0 .43 32 0 .51 24 0 .60 29 0 .70 60 0 .82 33 0 .95 64 1 .10 74 1 .27 86 1 .47 30 1 .69 40 1 .94 60 2 .23 46 2 .56 70 2 .95 27 3 .40 53 3 .94 40 4 .59 87 5 .41 97
Specific Enthalpy Heat of c r , Btu/Ibm·R Vaporization h fg, Btu/lbm Liquid
597.0 590.2 583. 2 575. 9 568.4 560.7 552.6 544.4 535.8 526.9 517. 7 508. 1 498. 2 487. 8 477. 0 465. 8 454. 1 441. 7 428. 8 415. 2 400. 8 385. 4 369. 1 351. 6 332. 7 312. 0 289. 2 263. 5 234. 0
1.0542 1.0610 1. 0677 1. 0742 1.0807 1.0873 1.0941 1.1012 1.1087 1.1168 1. 1256 1. 1353 1. 1461 1. 1582 1. 1719 1. 1875 1. 2054 1. 2261 1. 2502 1. 2785 1. 3120 1. 3523 1. 4015 1. 4624 1. 5397 1. 6411 1. 7798 1. 9824 2. 3100
Vapor
Thermal Conductivity k , Btu/h·ft·R Liquid
0.5354 – 0.5457 – 0. 5571 0.3 501 0. 5698 0.3 426 0.5838 0.3352 0.5992 0.3278 0.6160 0.3203 0.6344 0.3129 0.6544 0.3055 0.6762 0.2980 0. 6999 0.2 906 0. 7257 0.2 832 0. 7539 0.2 757 0. 7846 0.2 683 0. 8183 0.2 609 0. 8554 0.2 535 0. 8965 0.2 460 0. 9425 0.2 386 0. 9943 0.2 312 1. 0533 0.2 237 1. 1214 0.2 163 1. 2012 0.2 089 1. 2965 0.2 014 1. 4128 0.1 940 1. 5586 0.1 866 1. 7473 0.1 791 2. 0022 0.1 717 2. 3659 0 .1 643 2. 9264 0 .1 568
Vapor 0.01026 0.01057 0. 010 89 0. 011 21 0.01154 0.01187 0.01220 0.01254 0.01288 0.01323 0. 013 58 0. 013 94 0. 014 31 0. 014 68 0. 015 05 0. 015 43 0. 015 82 0. 016 21 0. 016 61 0. 017 02 0. 017 44 0. 017 86 0. 018 29 0. 018 74 0. 019 19 0. 019 66 0. 020 15 0. 020 65 0. 021 19
Prandil Number Pr
Dynamic Viscosity m, Ibm/ft·s Liquid 1 .966 1 .853 1. 746 1. 645 1.549 1.458 1.371 1290 1.213 1.140 1. 072 1. 008 9. 486 8. 922 8. 397 7. 903 7. 444 7. 017 6. 617 6. 244 5. 900 5. 578 5. 278 5. 000 4. 742 4500 4. 275 4. 064 3. 864
104 4 10 104 4 10 4 10 4 10 4 10 4 10 4 10 4 10 4 10 4 10 105 5 10 5 10 5 10 5 10 105 105 5 10 5 10 5 10 105 105 5 10 5 10 5 10 105 105
Vapor 5.342 5.472 5.600 5.731 5.861 5.994 6.125 6.256 6.389 6.522 6.656 6.786 6.922 7.056 7.189 7.325 7.458 7.594 7.731 7.867 8.006 8.142 8.281 8.419 8.561 8.703 8.844 8.989 9.136
106 106 106 106 106 106 106 106 106 106 106 106 106 106 106 106 106 106 106 104 106 106 106 106 106 106 106 106 106
Volume Expansion Coefficient b, 1/ R
Surface Ten si on
Liquid
Vapor
Liquid
lbf/ft
– – 1.917 1.856 1.797 1.740 1.686 1.634 1.585 1.539 1.495 1.456 1.419 1.387 1.358 1.333 1.313 1.298 1.288 1.285 1.288 1.300 1.322 1.357 1.409 1.484 1.595 1.765 2.049
1. 003 1. 017 1.031 1.048 1.068 1.089 1.113 1.140 1.168 1.200 1.234 1.272 1.313 1.358 1.407 1.461 1.522 1.589 1.666 1.753 1.853 1.971 2.113 2.286 2.503 2.784 3.164 3.707 4.542
0 .00098 0 .00101 0.00103 0.00106 0.00109 0.00112 0.00116 0.00119 0.00123 0.00128 0.00132 0.00137 0.00143 0.00149 0.00156 0.00164 0.00174 0.00184 0.00196 0.00211 0.00228 0.00249 0.00274 0.00306 0.00348 0.00403 0.00480 0.00594 0.00784
0. 00244 3 0. 00235 7 0.002272 0.002187 0.002103 0.002018 0.001934 0.001850 0.001767 0.001684 0.001601 0.001518 0.001436 0.001354 0.001273 0.001192 0.001111 0.001031 0.000951 0.000872 0.000794 0.000716 0.000638 0.000562 0.000486 0.000411 0.000338 0.000265 0.000194
p n /Pr. The properties listed here Note 1: Kinematic viscosity n and thermal diffusivity a can be calculated from their definitions, n m / p and a k / rc (except the vapor density) can be used at any pressures with negligible error except at temperatures near the critical-point value.
Note 2: The unit Btu/lbm·F for specific heat is equivalent to Btu/lbm·R, and the unit Btu/h·ft·F for thermal conductivity is equivalent to Btu/h·ft·R. Source: Data generated from the EES software developed by S. A. Klein and F. L. Alvarado. Orginal sources: Tillner-Roth, Harms-Watzenterg, and Baehr, “Eine neue Fundamentalgleichung fur Ammoniak,” DKV-Tagungsbericht 20: 167–181, 1993; Liley and Desai, “Thermophysical Properties of Refrigerants,” ASHRAE , 1993, ISBN 1-1883413-10-9.
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Appendix 2: Property Tables and Charts (English Units)
© The McGraw−Hill Companies, 2008
Introduction to Thermodynamics and Heat Transfer
TABLE A–18E Properties of saturated propane
Saturation Temp. Pressure T , F P sat, psia 200 180 160 140 120 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 10 0 12 0 14 0 16 0 18 0
0.0201 0.0752 0.2307 0.6037 1. 389 2. 878 4. 006 5. 467 7. 327 9. 657 12 .54 16 .05 20 .29 25 .34 31. 3 38.28 46 .38 55.7 66 .35 78 .45 92 .12 10 7.5 12 4.6 14 3.7 16 4.8 18 8.1 24 1.8 30 6.1 38 2.4 47 2.9
Density r , lbm/ft3
Liquid
Vapor
42.06 41.36 40.65 39.93 39. 20 38. 46 38. 08 37. 70 37. 32 36. 93 36. 54 36. 13 35. 73 35. 31 34. 89 34.46 34. 02 33.56 33. 10 32. 62 32. 13 31. 63 31. 11 30. 56 30. 00 29. 41 28. 13 26. 69 24. 98 22. 79
0.0003 0.0011 0.0032 0.0078 0.0 170 0.0 334 0.0 453 0.0 605 0.0 793 0.1 024 0.1 305 0.1 641 0.2 041 0.2 512 0.3 063 0.3703 0.4 441 0.5289 0.6 259 0.7 365 0.8 621 1.0 046 1.1 659 1.3 484 1.5 549 1.7 887 2.3 562 3.1 003 4.1 145 5.6 265
Specific Enthalpy Heat of Vaporization c r , Btu/Ibm·R h ig, Btu/lbm Liquid
217.7 213.4 209.1 204.8 200. 5 196. 1 193. 9 191. 6 189. 3 186. 9 184. 4 181. 9 179. 3 176. 6 173. 8 170.9 167. 9 164.8 161. 6 158. 1 154. 6 150. 8 146. 8 142. 7 138. 2 133. 6 123. 2 111. 1 96 .4 7 7.1
0.4750 0.4793 0.4845 0.4907 0. 498 2 0. 506 9 0. 511 7 0. 516 9 0. 522 4 0. 528 3 0. 534 5 0. 539 2 0. 546 0 0. 553 1 0. 5607 0.5689 0. 5775 0.5867 0. 5966 0. 6072 0. 6187 0. 6311 0. 6447 0. 6596 0. 6762 0. 6947 0. 7403 0. 7841 0. 8696 1. 1436
Thermal Conductivity k , Btu/h·ft·R
Vapor
Liquid
0.2595 0.2680 0.2769 0.2866 0. 297 1 0. 308 7 0. 315 0 0. 321 5 0. 328 4 0. 335 7 0. 343 3 0. 351 3 0. 359 6 0. 368 4 0. 377 6 0.3874 0. 397 6 0.4084 0. 419 9 0. 432 1 0. 445 2 0. 459 3 0. 474 6 0. 491 5 0. 510 3 0. 531 5 0. 584 4 0. 661 3 0. 791 1 1. 081 3
0.1073 0.1033 0.0992 0.0949 0. 0906 0. 0863 0. 0842 0. 0821 0. 0800 0. 0780 0. 0760 0. 0740 0. 0721 0. 0702 0. 0683 0.0665 0.0 647 0.0629 0.0 512 0.0 595 0.0 579 0.0 563 0.0 547 0.0 532 0.0 517 0.0 501 0.0 472 0.0 442 0.0 411 0. 0376
Vapor 0.00313 0.00347 0.00384 0.00423 0 .00 465 0 .00 511 0 .00 534 0 .00 559 0 .00 585 0 .00 611 0 .00 639 0 .00 568 0 .00 697 0 .00 728 0 .007 61 0.00794 0 .008 29 0.00865 0 .009 03 0 .009 42 0 .009 83 0 .010 25 0 .010 70 0 .011 16 0 .011 65 0. 012 17 0. 013 28 0. 014 54 0 .016 03 0 .01 793
Prandil Number Pr
Dynamic Viscosity m, Ibm/ft·s Liquid 5.012 3.941 3.199 2.660 2. 252 1. 934 1. 799 1. 678 1. 569 1. 469 1. 378 1. 294 1. 217 1. 146 1. 079 1.018 9. 606 9.067 8. 561 8. 081 7. 631 7. 200 6. 794 6. 406 6. 033 5. 675 5. 000 4. 358 3. 733 3. 083
104 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 106 105 105 105
Vapor 2.789 2.975 3.164 3.358 3.556 3.756 3.858 3.961 4.067 4.172 4.278 4.386 4.497 4.611 4.725 4.842 4.961 5.086 5.211 5.342 5.478 5.617 5.764 5.919 6.081 6.256 6.644 7.111 7.719 8.617
106 106 106 106 106 106 106 106 106 106 106 106 106 106 106 106 106 106 106 106 106 106 106 106 106 106 106 106 106 106
Volume Expansion Coefficient b, 1 /R
Surface Ten si on
Liquid
Vapor
Liquid
lbf/ft
7.991 6.582 5.626 4.951 4.457 4.087 3.936 3.803 3.686 3.582 3.490 3.395 3.320 3.253 3.192 3.137 3.088 3.043 3.003 2.967 2.935 2.906 2.881 2.860 2.843 2.831 2.825 2.784 2.845 3.380
0.833 0.826 0.821 0.818 0.817 0.817 0.819 0.820 0.822 0.825 0.828 0.831 0.835 0.840 0.845 0.850 0.857 0.864 0.873 0.882 0.893 0.906 0.921 0.938 0.959 0.984 1.052 1.164 1.371 1.870
0.00083 0.00086 0.00088 0.00091 0.00094 0.00097 0.00099 0.00101 0.00104 0.00106 0.00109 0.00112 0.00115 0.00119 0.00123 0.00127 0.00132 0.00138 0.00144 0.00151 0.00159 0.00168 0.00179 0.00191 0.00205 0.00222 0.00267 0.00338 0.00459 0.00791
0.001890 0.001780 0.001671 0.001563 0.001455 0.001349 0.001297 0.001244 0.001192 0.001140 0.001089 0.001038 0.000987 0.000937 0.000887 0.000838 0.000789 0.000740 0.000692 0.000644 0.000597 0.000551 0.000505 0.000460 0.000416 0.000372 0.000288 0.000208 0.000133 0.000065
Note 1: Kinematic viscosity n and thermal diffusivity a can be calculated from their definitions, n m / r and a k / rc n /Pr. The properties listed here p (except the vapor density) can be used at any pressures with negligible error at temperatures near the critical-point value. Note 2: The unit Btu/lbm·F for specific heat is equivalent to Btu/lbm·R, and the unit Btu/h·ft·F for thermal conductivity is equivalent to Btu/h·ft·R. Source: Data generated from the EES software developed by S. A. Klein and F. L. Alvarado. Original sources: Reiner Tillner-Roth, “Fundamental Equations of State,” Shaker, Verlag, Aachan, 1998; B. A. Younglove and J. F. Ely. “Thermophysical Properties of Fluids. II Methane, Ethane, Propane, Isobutane, and Normal Butane,” J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data , Vol. 16, No. 4, 1987; G. R. Somayajulu, “A Generalized Equation for Surface Tension from the Triple-Point to the Critical-Point,” International Journal of Thermophysics , Vol. 9, No. 4, 1988.
Çengel: Introduction to Thermodynamics and Heat Transfer, Second Edition
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837
TABLE A–19E Properties of liquids
Temp. T , F
Specific Thermal Density Heat Conductivity r , Ibm/ft3 c p , Btu/Ibm·R k , Btu/h·ft·R
Thermal Diffusivity a, ft2 /s
Dynamic Viscosity m, Ibm/ft·s
Kinematic Viscosity n, ft2 /s
Prandtl Number Pr
Volume Expansion Coeff. b, 1/R
Methane (CH 4 ) 280 260 240 220 200 180 160 140
27.41 26.43 25.39 24.27 23.04 21.64 19.99 17.84
0.8152 0.8301 0.8523 0.8838 0.9314 1.010 1.158 1.542
0.1205 0.1097 0.0994 0.0896 0.0801 0.0709 0.0616 0.0518
1.497 1.389 1.276 1.159 1.036 9.008 7.397 5.234
106 106 106 106 106 107 107 107
1.057 8.014 6.303 5.075 4.142 3.394 2.758 2.168
104 105 105 105 105 105 105 105
3.857 3.032 2.482 2.091 1.798 1.568 1.379 1.215
106 106 106 106 106 106 106 106
2.575 2.183 1.945 1.803 1.734 1.741 1.865 2.322
0.00175 0.00192 0.00215 0.00247 0.00295 0.00374 0.00526 0.00943
104 104 104 104 104 104
7.879 6.840 6.005 5.326 4.769 4.308
106 106 106 106 106 106
7.317 6.468 5.793 5.250 4.808 4.447
0.000656 0.000671 0.000691 0.000716 0.000749 0.000789
104 104 104 104 104 105 105 105
1.500 8.939 6.043 4.406 3.368 2.653 2.127 1.713
105 106 106 106 106 106 106 106
12.96 7.977 5.830 4.738 4.114 3.716 3.437 3.264
0.000785 0.000836 0.000908 0.001012 0.001169 0.001421 0.001883 0.002970
Methanol [CH 3 (OH)]
70 90 110 130 150 170
49.15 48.50 47.85 47.18 46.50 45.80
0.6024 0.6189 0.6373 0.6576 0.6796 0.7035
0.1148 0.1143 0.1138 0.1133 0.1128 0.1124
1.076 1.057 1.036 1.014 9.918 9.687
106 106 106 106 107 107
3.872 3.317 2.872 2.513 2.218 1.973
Isobutane (R600a) 150 100 50
0 50 100 150 200
42.75 41.06 39.31 37.48 35.52 33.35 30.84 27.73
0.4483 0.4721 0.4986 0.5289 0.5643 0.6075 0.6656 0.7635
0.0799 0.0782 0.0731 0.0664 0.0591 0.0521 0.0457 0.0400
1.157 1.120 1.036 9.299 8.187 7.139 6.188 5.249
106 106 106 107 107 107 107 107
6.417 3.669 2.376 1.651 1.196 8.847 6.558 4.750
Glycerin
32 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
79.65 79.49 79.28 79.07 78.86 78.66 78.45 78.24
0.5402 0.5458 0.5541 0.5632 0.5715 0.5794 0.5878 0.5964
0.163 0.1637 0.1645 0.1651 0.1652 0.1652 0.1652 0.1653
1.052 1.048 1.040 1.029 1.018 1.007 9.955 9.841
106 106 106 106 106 106 107 107
7.047 4.803 2.850 1.547 0.9422 0.5497 0.3756 0.2277
0.08847 0.06042 0.03594 0.01956 0.01195 0.00699 0.004787 0.00291
84101 57655 34561 18995 11730 6941 4809 2957
Engine Oil (unused)
32 50 75 100 125 150 200 250 300
56.12 55.79 55.3 54.77 54.24 53.73 52.68 51.71 50.63
0.4291 0.4395 0.4531 0.4669 0.4809 0.4946 0.5231 0.5523 0.5818
0.0849 0.08338 0.08378 0.08367 0.08207 0.08046 0.07936 0.07776 0.07673
9.792 9.448 9.288 9.089 8.740 8.411 7.999 7.563 7.236
107 107 107 107 107 107 107 107 107
2.563 1.210 0.4286 0.1630 7.617 102 3.833 102 1.405 102 6.744 103 3.661 103
4.566 2.169 7.751 2.977 1.404 7.135 2.668 1.304 7.232
102 102 103 103 103 104 104 104 105
Source: Data generated from the EES software developed by S. A. Klein and F. L. Alvarado. Originally based on various sources.
46636 22963 8345 3275 1607 848.3 333.6 172.5 99.94
0.000389 0.000389 0.000389 0.000389 0.000389 0.000389 0.000389 0.000389 0.000389
840
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Back Matter
Appendix 2: Property Tables and Charts (English Units)
© The McGraw−Hill Companies, 2008
Introduction to Thermodynamics and Heat Transfer
TABLE A–20E Properties of liquid metals
Temp. T , F
Density r , Ibm/ft3
Specific Thermal Heat Conductivity c p , Btu/Ibm·R k , Btu/h·ft·R
Thermal Diffusivity a, ft2 /s
Dynamic Viscosity m, Ibm/ft·s
Mercury (Hg) Melting Point:
32 50 100 150 200 300 400 500 600
848.7 847.2 842.9 838.7 834.5 826.2 817.9 809.6 801.3
0.03353 0.03344 0.03319 0.03298 0.03279 0.03252 0.03236 0.03230 0.03235
4.727 4.805 5.015 5.221 5.422 5.815 6.184 6.518 6.839
4.614 4.712 4.980 5.244 5.504 6.013 6.491 6.924 7.329
105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105
1.133 1.092 9.919 9.122 8.492 7.583 6.972 6.525 6.186
Kinematic Viscosity n, ft2 /s
Prandtl Number Pr
38 F
103 103 104 104 104 104 104 104 104
1.335 1.289 1.176 1.087 1.017 9.180 8.524 8.061 7.719
106 106 106 106 106 107 107 107 107
0.02895 0.02737 0.02363 0.02074 0.01849 0.01527 0.01313 0.01164 0.01053
1.614 1.482 1.350 1.215 1.138
106 106 106 106 106
0.01352 0.01271 0.01183 0.0109 0.01029
2.450 2.223 1.994 1.862 1.727 1.590
106 106 106 106 106 106
0.02369 0.02143 0.01917 0.01798 0.01676 0.01551
7.239 6.350 5.433 4.488 3.354 3.014
106 106 106 106 106 106
0.01007 0.008891 0.007667 0.006387 0.004860 0.004449
4.933 4.500 4.052 3.589 2.614 2.409
106 106 106 106 106 106
0.006577 0.005975 0.005359 0.004728 0.003420 0.003248
106 106 106 106 106 106
0.02136 0.01857 0.0159 0.01095 0.007296 0.006324
Bismuth (Bi) Melting Point: 520 F
700 800 900 1000 1100
620.7 616.5 612.2 608.0 603.7
0.03509 0.03569 0.0363 0.0369 0.0375
9.361 9.245 9.129 9.014 9.014
1.193 1.167 1.141 1.116 1.105
104 104 104 104 104
1.001 9.142 8.267 7.392 6.872
103 104 104 104 104
Lead (Pb) Melting Point: 621 F
700 800 900 1000 1100 1200
658 654 650 645.7 641.5 637.2
0.03797 0.03750 0.03702 0.03702 0.03702 0.03702
9.302 9.157 9.013 8.912 8.810 8.709
1.034 1.037 1.040 1.035 1.030 1.025
104 104 104 104 104 104
1.612 1.453 1.296 1.202 1.108 1.013
103 103 103 103 103 103
Sodium (Na) Melting Point: 208 F
300 400 500 600 800 1000
57.13 56.28 55.42 54.56 52.85 51.14
0.3258 0.3219 0.3181 0.3143 0.3089 0.3057
48.19 46.58 44.98 43.37 40.55 38.12
7.192 7.142 7.087 7.026 6.901 6.773
104 104 104 104 104 104
4.136 3.572 3.011 2.448 1.772 1.541
104 104 104 104 104 104
Potassium (K) Melting Point: 147 F
300 400 500 600 800 1000
50.40 49.58 48.76 47.94 46.31 44.62
0.1911 0.1887 0.1863 0.1839 0.1791 0.1791
26.00 25.37 24.73 24.09 22.82 21.34
7.500 7.532 7.562 7.591 7.643 7.417
104 104 104 104 104 104
2.486 2.231 1.976 1.721 1.210 1.075
104 104 104 104 104 104
Sodium-Potassium (%22Na-%78K) Melting Point: 12 F
200 300 400 600 800 1000
52.99 52.16 51.32 49.65 47.99 46.36
0.2259 0.2230 0.2201 0.2143 0.2100 0.2103
14.79 14.99 15.19 15.59 15.95 16.20
3.432 3.580 3.735 4.070 4.396 4.615
104 104 104 104 104 104
3.886 3.467 3.050 2.213 1.539 1.353
Volume Expansion Coeff. b, 1/R
104 104 104 104 104 104
7.331 6.647 5.940 4.456 3.207 2.919
Source: Data generated from the EES software developed by S. A. Klein and F. L. Alvarado. Originally based on various sources.
1.005 1.005 1.005 1.005 1.005 1.005 1.008 1.018 1.035
104 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 104
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Appendix 2
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839
TABLE A–21E Ideal-gas properties of air v r
s° T Btu/lbm · R R
61.29 64.70 68.11 71.52 74.93 78.36 81.77 85.20 88.62 91.53 92.04
396.6 346.6 305.0 270.1 240.6 215.33 193.65 174.90 158.58 146.34 144.32
0.50369 0.51663 0.52890 0.54058 0.55172 0.56235 0.57255 0.58233 0.59173 0.59945 0.60078
1600 1650 1700 1750 1800 1850 1900 1950 2000 2050 2100
395.74 409.13 422.59 436.12 449.71 463.37 477.09 490.88 504.71 518.71 532.55
71.13 80.89 90.95 101.98 114.0 127.2 141.5 157.1 174.0 192.3 212.1
286.06 296.03 306.06 316.16 326.32 336.55 346.85 357.20 367.61 378.08 388.60
8.263 7.556 6.924 6.357 5.847 5.388 4.974 4.598 4.258 3.949 3.667
0.87130 0.87954 0.88758 0.89542 0.90308 0.91056 0.91788 0.92504 0.93205 0.93891 0.94564
133.86 138.66 143.47 148.28 153.09
1.5742 95.47 1.7800 98.90 2.005 102.34 2.249 105.78 2.514 109.21
131.78 120.70 110.88 102.12 94.30
0.60950 0.61793 0.62607 0.63395 0.64159
2150 2200 2250 2300 2350
546.54 560.59 574.69 588.82 603.00
223.5 256.6 281.4 308.1 336.8
399.17 409.78 420.46 431.16 441.91
3.410 3.176 2.961 2.765 2.585
0.95222 0.95919 0.96501 0.97123 0.97732
660 680 700 720 740
157.92 162.73 167.56 172.39 177.23
2.801 3.111 3.446 3.806 4.193
112.67 116.12 119.58 123.04 126.51
87.27 80.96 75.25 70.07 65.38
0.64902 0.65621 0.66321 0.67002 0.67665
2400 2450 2500 2550 2600
617.22 631.48 645.78 660.12 674.49
367.6 400.5 435.7 473.3 513.5
452.70 463.54 474.40 485.31 496.26
2.419 2.266 2.125 1.996 1.876
0.98331 0.98919 0.99497 1.00064 1.00623
760 780 800 820 840
182.08 186.94 191.81 196.69 201.56
4.607 5.051 5.526 6.033 6.573
129.99 133.47 136.97 140.47 143.98
61.10 57.20 53.63 50.35 47.34
0.68312 0.68942 0.69558 0.70160 0.70747
2650 2700 2750 2800 2850
688.90 703.35 717.83 732.33 746.88
556.3 601.9 650.4 702.0 756.7
507.25 518.26 529.31 540.40 551.52
1.765 1.662 1.566 1.478 1.395
1.01172 1.01712 1.02244 1.02767 1.03282
860 880 900 920 940
206.46 211.35 216.26 221.18 226.11
7.149 7.761 8.411 9.102 9.834
147.50 151.02 154.57 158.12 161.68
44.57 42.01 39.64 37.44 35.41
0.71323 0.71886 0.72438 0.72979 0.73509
2900 2950 3000 3050 3100
761.45 776.05 790.68 805.34 820.03
814.8 876.4 941.4 1011 1083
562.66 573.84 585.04 596.28 607.53
1.318 1.247 1.180 1.118 1.060
1.03788 1.04288 1.04779 1.05264 1.05741
960 980 1000 1040 1080
231.06 236.02 240.98 250.95 260.97
10.61 11.43 12.30 14.18 16.28
165.26 168.83 172.43 179.66 186.93
33.52 31.76 30.12 27.17 24.58
0.74030 0.74540 0.75042 0.76019 0.76964
3150 3200 3250 3300 3350
834.75 849.48 864.24 879.02 893.83
1161 1242 1328 1418 1513
618.82 630.12 641.46 652.81 664.20
1.006 0.955 0.907 0.8621 0.8202
1.06212 1.06676 1.07134 1.07585 1.08031
1120 1160 1200 1240 1280
271.03 281.14 291.30 301.52 311.79
18.60 21.18 24.01 27.13 30.55
194.25 201.63 209.05 216.53 224.05
22.30 20.29 18.51 16.93 15.52
0.77880 0.78767 0.79628 0.80466 0.81280
3400 3450 3500 3550 3600
908.66 923.52 938.40 953.30 968.21
1613 1719 1829 1946 2068
675.60 687.04 698.48 709.95 721.44
0.7807 0.7436 0.7087 0.6759 0.6449
1.08470 1.08904 1.09332 1.09755 1.10172
1320 1360 1400 1440 1480
322.11 332.48 342.90 353.37 363.89
34.31 38.41 42.88 47.75 53.04
231.63 239.25 246.93 254.66 262.44
14.25 13.12 12.10 11.17 10.34
0.82075 0.82848 0.83604 0.84341 0.85062
3650 983.15 3700 998.11 3750 1013.1 3800 1028.1 3850 1043.1
2196 2330 2471 2618 2773
732.95 744.48 756.04 767.60 779.19
0.6157 0.5882 0.5621 0.5376 0.5143
1.10584 1.10991 1.11393 1.11791 1.12183
1520 374.47 1560 385.08
58.78 65.00
270.26 278.13
0.85767 0.86456
3900 1058.1 3950 1073.2
2934 3103
790.80 802.43
0.4923 1.12571 0.4715 1.12955
T R
h Btu/lbm
P r
360 380 400 420 440 460 480 500 520 537 540
85.97 90.75 95.53 100.32 105.11 109.90 114.69 119.48 124.27 128.10 129.06
0.3363 0.4061 0.4858 0.5760 0.6776 0.7913 0.9182 1.0590 1.2147 1.3593 1.3860
560 580 600 620 640
u Btu/lbm
9.578 8.890
h Btu/lbm
P r
u Btu/lbm
v r
s° Btu/lbm · R
(Continued)
842
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Çengel: Introduction to Thermodynamics and Heat Transfer, Second Edition
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Back Matter
Appendix 2: Property Tables and Charts (English Units)
© The McGraw−Hill Companies, 2008
Introduction to Thermodynamics and Heat Transfer
TABLE A–21E Ideal-gas properties of air (Concluded )
u Btu/lbm
v r
s° Btu/lbm · R
4000 1088.3
3280
814.06
0.4518
1.13334
4050 4100 4150 4200 4300
1103.4 1118.5 1133.6 1148.7 1179.0
3464 3656 3858 4067 4513
825.72 837.40 849.09 860.81 884.28
0.4331 0.4154 0.3985 0.3826 0.3529
4400 4500
1209.4 1239.9
4997 5521
907.81 931.39
0.3262 0.3019
T R
h Btu/lbm
P r
T R
h Btu/lbm
P r
4600
1270.4
1.13709 1.14079 1.14446 1.14809 1.15522
4700 4800 4900 5000 5100
1.16221 1.16905
5200 5300
s° Btu/lbm · R
u Btu/lbm
v r
6089
955.04
0.2799
1.17575
1300.9 1331.5 1362.2 1392.9 1423.6
6701 7362 8073 8837 9658
978.73 1002.5 1026.3 1050.1 1074.0
0.2598 0.2415 0.2248 0.2096 0.1956
1.18232 1.18876 1.19508 1.20129 1.20738
1454.4 1485.3
10,539 11,481
1098.0 1122.0
0.1828 0.1710
1.21336 1.21923
Note: The properties P r (relative pressure) and v r (relative specific volume) are dimensionless quantities used in the analysis of isentropic processes, and should not be confused with the properties pressure and specific volume. Source: Kenneth Wark, Thermodynamics , 4th ed. (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1983), pp. 832–33, Table A–5. Originally published in J. H. Keenan and J. Kaye, Gas Tables (New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1948).
Çengel: Introduction to Thermodynamics and Heat Transfer, Second Edition
Back Matter
Appendix 2: Property Tables and Charts (English Units)
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Kinematic Viscosity n, ft2 /s
Prandtl Number Pr
TABLE A–22E Properties of air at 1 atm pressure Temp. T , F 300 200 100 50
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000
Specific Density Heat 3 r , Ibm/ft c p , Btu/Ibm·R 0.24844 0.15276 0.11029 0.09683 0.08630 0.08446 0.08270 0.08101 0.07939 0.07783 0.07633 0.07489 0.07350 0.07217 0.07088 0.06963 0.06843 0.06727 0.06615 0.06507 0.06402 0.06300 0.06201 0.06106 0.06013 0.05590 0.05222 0.04899 0.04614 0.04361 0.04134 0.03743 0.03421 0.03149 0.02917 0.02718 0.02024 0.01613 0.01340 0.01147 0.01002 0.00889
0.5072 0.2247 0.2360 0.2389 0.2401 0.2402 0.2403 0.2403 0.2404 0.2404 0.2404 0.2404 0.2404 0.2404 0.2405 0.2405 0.2405 0.2405 0.2406 0.2406 0.2406 0.2407 0.2408 0.2408 0.2409 0.2415 0.2423 0.2433 0.2445 0.2458 0.2472 0.2503 0.2535 0.2568 0.2599 0.2630 0.2761 0.2855 0.2922 0.2972 0.3010 0.3040
Thermal Conductivity k , Btu/h·ft·R 0.00508 0.00778 0.01037 0.01164 0.01288 0.01312 0.01336 0.01361 0.01385 0.01409 0.01433 0.01457 0.01481 0.01505 0.01529 0.01552 0.01576 0.01599 0.01623 0.01646 0.01669 0.01692 0.01715 0.01738 0.01761 0.01874 0.01985 0.02094 0.02200 0.02305 0.02408 0.02608 0.02800 0.02986 0.03164 0.03336 0.04106 0.04752 0.05309 0.05811 0.06293 0.06789
Thermal Diffusivity a, ft2 /s 1.119 6.294 1.106 1.397 1.726 1.797 1.868 1.942 2.016 2.092 2.169 2.248 2.328 2.409 2.491 2.575 2.660 2.746 2.833 2.921 3.010 3.100 3.191 3.284 3.377 3.857 4.358 4.879 5.419 5.974 6.546 7.732 8.970 1.025 1.158 1.296 2.041 2.867 3.765 4.737 5.797 6.975
105 105 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 103 103 103 103 103 103 103 103 103
Dynamic Viscosity m, Ibm/ft·s 4.039 6.772 9.042 1.006 1.102 1.121 1.140 1.158 1.176 1.194 1.212 1.230 1.247 1.265 1.281 1.299 1.316 1.332 1.349 1.365 1.382 1.398 1.414 1.430 1.446 1.524 1.599 1.672 1.743 1.812 1.878 2.007 2.129 2.247 2.359 2.467 2.957 3.379 3.750 4.082 4.381 4.651
106 106 106 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105
1.625 4.433 8.197 1.039 1.278 1.328 1.379 1.430 1.482 1.535 1.588 1.643 1.697 1.753 1.809 1.866 1.923 1.981 2.040 2.099 2.159 2.220 2.281 2.343 2.406 2.727 3.063 3.413 3.777 4.154 4.544 5.361 6.225 7.134 8.087 9.080 1.460 2.095 2.798 3.560 4.373 5.229
105 105 105 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 103 103 103 103 103 103
1.4501 0.7042 0.7404 0.7439 0.7403 0.7391 0.7378 0.7365 0.7350 0.7336 0.7321 0.7306 0.7290 0.7275 0.7260 0.7245 0.7230 0.7216 0.7202 0.7188 0.7174 0.7161 0.7148 0.7136 0.7124 0.7071 0.7028 0.6995 0.6971 0.6953 0.6942 0.6934 0.6940 0.6956 0.6978 0.7004 0.7158 0.7308 0.7432 0.7516 0.7543 0.7497
Note: For ideal gases, the properties c p , k , m , and Pr are independent of pressure. The properties r , n , and a at a pressure P (in atm) other than 1 atm are determined by multiplying the values of r at the given temperature by P and by dividing n and a by P . Source: Data generated from the EES software developed by S. A. Klein and F. L. Alvarado. Original sources: Keenan, Chao, Keyes, Gas Tables, Wiley, 1984; and Thermophysical Properties of Matter , Vol. 3: Thermal Conductivity , Y. S. Touloukian, P. E. Liley, S. C. Saxena, Vol. 11: Viscosity , Y. S. Touloukian, S. C. Saxena, and P. Hestermans, IFI/Plenun, NY, 1970, ISBN 0-306067020-8.
844
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Çengel: Introduction to Thermodynamics and Heat Transfer, Second Edition
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Back Matter
Appendix 2: Property Tables and Charts (English Units)
© The McGraw−Hill Companies, 2008
Introduction to Thermodynamics and Heat Transfer
TABLE A–23E Properties of gases at 1 atm pressure Temp. T , F
Density r , Ibm/ft3
Specific Heat c p , Btu/Ibm·R
Thermal Conductivity k , Btu/h·ft·R
Thermal Diffusivity a, ft2 /s
Dynamic Viscosity m, Ibm/ft·s
Kinematic Viscosity n, ft2 /s
Prandtl Number Pr
Carbon Dioxide, CO2 50
0 50 100 200 300 500 1000 1500 2000
0.14712 0.13111 0.11825 0.10769 0.09136 0.07934 0.06280 0.04129 0.03075 0.02450
0.1797 0.1885 0.1965 0.2039 0.2171 0.2284 0.2473 0.2796 0.2995 0.3124
0.00628 0.00758 0.00888 0.01017 0.01273 0.01528 0.02027 0.03213 0.04281 0.05193
6.600 8.522 1.061 1.286 1.784 2.341 3.626 7.733 1.290 1.885
105 105 104 104 104 104 104 104 103 103
7.739 8.661 9.564 1.045 1.217 1.382 1.696 2.381 2.956 3.451
106 106 106 105 105 105 105 105 105 105
5.261 6.606 8.086 9.703 1.332 1.743 2.700 5.767 9.610 1.408
105 105 105 105 104 104 104 104 104 103
0.7970 0.7751 0.7621 0.7543 0.7469 0.7445 0.7446 0.7458 0.7445 0.7474
104 104 104 104 104 104 104 103 103 103
9.419 1.036 1.127 1.214 1.379 1.531 1.802 2.334 2.766 3.231
106 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105
1.005 1.242 1.498 1.772 2.372 3.032 4.508 8.881 1.413 2.072
104 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 103 103
0.7798 0.7593 0.7454 0.7359 0.7247 0.7191 0.7143 0.7078 0.7038 0.7136
104 104 104 104 104 104 104 103 103 103
5.861 6.506 7.133 7.742 8.906 1.000 1.200 1.620 1.974 2.327
106 106 106 106 106 105 105 105 105 105
1.092 1.361 1.655 1.972 2.674 3.457 5.244 1.076 1.760 2.605
104 104 104 104 104 104 104 103 103 103
0.8033 0.7649 0.7428 0.7311 0.7245 0.7283 0.7412 0.7491 0.7366 0.7353
103 103 103 103 103 103 103 103 102 102
4.969 5.381 5.781 6.167 6.911 7.622 8.967 1.201 1.477 1.734
106 106 106 106 106 106 106 105 105 105
7.373 8.960 1.067 1.250 1.652 2.098 3.117 6.354 1.048 1.544
104 104 103 103 103 103 103 103 102 102
0.6638 0.6960 0.7112 0.7177 0.7197 0.7174 0.7146 0.7241 0.7323 0.7362
Carbon Monoxide, CO 50
0 50 100 200 300 500 1000 1500 2000
0.09363 0.08345 0.07526 0.06854 0.05815 0.05049 0.03997 0.02628 0.01957 0.01559
0.2571 0.2523 0.2496 0.2484 0.2485 0.2505 0.2567 0.2732 0.2862 0.2958
0.01118 0.01240 0.01359 0.01476 0.01702 0.01920 0.02331 0.03243 0.04049 0.04822
1.290 1.636 2.009 2.408 3.273 4.217 6.311 1.254 2.008 2.903
Methane, CH4 50
0 50 100 200 300 500 1000 1500 2000
0.05363 0.04779 0.04311 0.03925 0.03330 0.02892 0.02289 0.01505 0.01121 0.00893
0.5335 0.5277 0.5320 0.5433 0.5784 0.6226 0.7194 0.9438 1.1162 1.2419
0.01401 0.01616 0.01839 0.02071 0.02559 0.03077 0.04195 0.07346 0.10766 0.14151
1.360 1.780 2.228 2.698 3.690 4.748 7.075 1.436 2.390 3.544
Hydrogen, H2 50
0 50 100 200 300 500 1000 1500 2000
0.00674 0.00601 0.00542 0.00493 0.00419 0.00363 0.00288 0.00189 0.00141 0.00112
3.0603 3.2508 3.3553 3.4118 3.4549 3.4613 3.4572 3.5127 3.6317 3.7656
0.08246 0.09049 0.09818 0.10555 0.11946 0.13241 0.15620 0.20989 0.26381 0.31923
1.110 1.287 1.500 1.742 2.295 2.924 4.363 8.776 1.432 2.098
(Continued)
Çengel: Introduction to Thermodynamics and Heat Transfer, Second Edition
Back Matter
Appendix 2: Property Tables and Charts (English Units)
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Appendix 2
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843
TABLE A–23E Properties of gases at 1 atm pressure (Concluded ) Temp. T , F
Density r , Ibm/ft3
Specific Heat c p , Btu/Ibm·R
Thermal Conductivity k , Btu/h·ft·R
Thermal Diffusivity a, ft2 /s
Dynamic Viscosity m, Ibm/ft·s
Kinematic Viscosity n, ft2 /s
Prandtl Number Pr
104 104 104
9.500 106 1.043 105 1.134 105
1.014 104 1.251 104 1.507 104
0.6746 0.7056 0.7133
104 104 104 104 103 103 103
1.221 1.388 1.543 1.823 2.387 2.829 3.212
105 105 105 105 105 105 105
1.783 2.387 3.055 4.559 9.083 1.445 2.059
104 104 104 104 104 103 103
0.7126 0.7062 0.7025 0.7051 0.7232 0.7202 0.6882
104 104 104 104 104 104 104 103 103 103
1.104 1.218 1.326 1.429 1.625 1.806 2.139 2.855 3.474 4.035
105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105
1.032 1.277 1.543 1.826 2.446 3.132 4.685 9.509 1.553 2.265
104 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 103 103
0.7622 0.7312 0.7152 0.7072 0.7020 0.7018 0.7029 0.7005 0.6985 0.6988
4.933 5.592 6.261 6.942 8.333 9.756 1.267 2.014 2.742 3.422
106 106 106 106 106 106 105 105 105 105
8.192 1.041 1.293 1.574 2.228 3.004 4.931 1.191 2.178 3.411
105 104 104 104 104 104 104 103 103 103
1.0050 1.0049 1.0018 0.9969 0.9845 0.9713 0.9475 0.9063 0.8793 0.8563
Nitrogen, N2 50
0.2320 0.2441 0.2480
0.01176 0.01300 0.01420
1.504 1.773 2.113
0 50
0.09364 0.08346 0.07527
100 200 300 500 1000 1500 2000
0.06854 0.05815 0.05050 0.03997 0.02628 0.01958 0.01560
0.2489 0.2487 0.2492 0.2535 0.2697 0.2831 0.2927
0.01537 0.01760 0.01970 0.02359 0.03204 0.04002 0.04918
2.502 3.379 4.349 6.466 1.255 2.006 2.992
Oxygen, O2 50
0 50 100 200 300 500 1000 1500 2000
0.10697 0.09533 0.08598 0.07830 0.06643 0.05768 0.04566 0.03002 0.02236 0.01782
0.2331 0.2245 0.2209 0.2200 0.2221 0.2262 0.2352 0.2520 0.2626 0.2701
0.01216 0.01346 0.01475 0.01601 0.01851 0.02096 0.02577 0.03698 0.04701 0.05614
1.355 1.747 2.157 2.582 3.484 4.463 6.665 1.357 2.224 3.241
Water Vapor, H2O 50
0 50 100 200 300 500 1000 1500 2000
0.06022 0.05367 0.04841 0.04408 0.03740 0.03248 0.02571 0.01690 0.01259 0.01003
0.4512 0.4484 0.4472 0.4473 0.4503 0.4557 0.4707 0.5167 0.5625 0.6034
0.00797 0.00898 0.01006 0.01121 0.01372 0.01648 0.02267 0.04134 0.06315 0.08681
8.153 1.036 1.291 1.579 2.263 3.093 5.204 1.314 2.477 3.984
105 104 104 104 104 104 104 103 103 103
Note: For ideal gases, the properties c p , k , m , and Pr are independent of pressure. The properties r , n , and a at a pressure P (in atm) other than 1 atm are determined by multiplying the values of r at the given temperature by P and by dividing n and a by P . Source: Data generated from the EES software developed by S. A. Klein and F. L. Alvarado. Originally based on various sources.
846
844
Çengel: Introduction to Thermodynamics and Heat Transfer, Second Edition
|
Back Matter
Appendix 2: Property Tables and Charts (English Units)
© The McGraw−Hill Companies, 2008
Introduction to Thermodynamics and Heat Transfer
TABLE A–24E Properties of solid metals Properties at Various Temperatures (R), k (Btu/h · ft · R)/ cp (Btu/lbm · R)
Properties at 540 R
Melting Point, r R Ibm/ft 3
Composition Aluminum Pure Alloy 2024-T6 (4.5% Cu, 1.5% Mg, 0.6% Mn) Alloy 195, cast (4.5% Cu) Beryllium Bismuth
c p (Btu/ k (Btu/ Ibm · R) h · ft · R)
a
106 ft /s
2
1679
168
0.216 137
1045
1395
173
0.209 102.3
785.8
2790
174.2 115.5
0.211 97 0.436 115.6
734 637.2
981
610.5
0.029
4.6
71
180
360
720
1080
1440
174.5 0.115 37.6
137 0.191 94.2
138.6 0.226 107.5
133.4 0.246 107.5
126 0.273
0.113
0.188 100.5 174 0.266 5.6 0.028 32.06 0.143 57.4 0.053 64.1 0.091 70.5 0.09 238.6 0.085 30 0.187 37.6 — 54.9 0.09 1.1 0.09 56 0.069 186.6 0.029 88.4 0.029 54.3 0.091 46.6 0.091
0.22 106.9 93 0.523 4.06 0.03 9.7 0.349 54.7 0.057 52.5 0.115 49.3 0.107 227.07 0.094 34 0.109 42.8 — 79.2 0.09
0.249
572 0.048 9.5 0.026 109.7 0.03 117.3 0.047 91.9 0.045 96.5 0.056 278.5 0.06 24.3
Boron
4631
156
0.264
15.6
105
Cadmium
1069
540
0.055
55.6
521
Chromium
3812
447
0.107
54.1
313.2
Cobalt
3184
553.2
0.101
57.3
286.3
Copper Pure Commercial bronze (90% Cu, 10% Al) Phosphor gear bronze (89% Cu, 11% Sn) Cartridge brass (70% Cu, 30% Zn) Constantan (55% Cu, 45% Ni) Germanium
2445
559
0.092 231.7
1259.3
2328
550
0.1
30
150.7
1987
548.1
0.084
31.2
183
23.7
2139
532.5
0.09
63.6
364.9
43.3
2687
557
0.092
13.3
72.3
2180
334.6
0.08
34.6
373.5
72.8 0.621
61.3 0.624
52.5 0.72
6.1 0.451
5.5 0.515
5.7 0.558
46.6 0.129 39 0.12 219 0.01
41.2 0.138 33.6 0.131 212 0.103
37.8 0.147 80.1 0.145 203.4 0.107
0.130 — 86.0 0.101
25 0.08 179.7 0.031 83.2 0.031 40.2 0.117 38 0.117 32.8
15.7 0.083 172.2 0.032 79.7 0.032 31.6 0.137 30.7 0.137 27.7
11.4 0.085 164.09 0.033 76.3 0.034 25.01 0.162 24.4 0.162 22.7
10.05 0.089 156 0.034 72.8 0.036 19 0.232 18.7 0.233 17.4
0.116 33.9 0.116 28.8
0.113 28.2 0.133 25.4
0.163 22.7 0.163 21.6
0.279 18 0.278 17
0.119 24.4 0.116
0.139 23 0.133
0.166 20.2 0.163
0.231 16 0.260
Gold
2405
1205
0.03
183.2
Iridium
4896
1404.6
0.031
85
541.4
Iron: Pure Armco (99.75% pure) Carbon steels Plain carbon (Mn Si 0.1%) AISI 1010
3258
491.3
0.106
46.4
248.6
491.3
0.106
42
222.8
490.3
0.103
35
190.6
489
0.103
37
202.4
488
0.106
30
160.4
508
0.104
23.7
125
488.3
0.106
21.8
117.4
22 0.117
21.2 0.137
19.3 0.164
15.6 0.23
490.6
0.106
24.5
131.3
24.3
22.6
20
15.8
489.2
0.106
28.3
151.8
0.117 27.0 0.117
0.137 24.3 0.137
0.164 21 0.164
0.231 16.3 0.231
1367
9.8 0.06 134 0.045 189 0.026 99.4 0.021 77.4 0.051 55.2 0.051
1800
1%,
Carbon-silicon (Mn 1%, 0.1% Si 0.6%) Carbon-manganese-silicon (1% Mn 1.65%, 0.1% Si 0.6%) Chromium (low) steels: 1 Cr–1 Mo–Si 2 4 (0.18% C, 0.65% Cr, 0.23% Mo, 0.6% Si)1 1 Cr12 Mo (0.16% C, 1% Cr, 0.54% Mo, 0.39% Si) 1 Cr–V (0.2% C, 1.02% Cr, 0.15% V)
(Continued)
Çengel: Introduction to Thermodynamics and Heat Transfer, Second Edition
Back Matter
Appendix 2: Property Tables and Charts (English Units)
847
© The McGraw−Hill Companies, 2008
Appendix 2
|
845
TABLE A–24E Properties of solid metals (Continued) Properties at Various Temperatures (R), k (Btu/h · ft · R)/ c p (Btu/lbm · R)
Properties at 540 R
Composition Stainless steels: AISI 302 AISI 304
Melting Point, R
r
Ibm/ft
3
c p (Btu/ k (Btu/ Ibm · R) h · ft · R)
a
106 ft /s
2
503
0.114
8.7
42
493.2
0.114
8.6
42.5
AISI 316
514.3
0.111
7.8
37.5
AISI 347
498
0.114
8.2
40
3006
Lead
1082
708
0.03
20.4
259.4
Magnesium
1661
109
0.245
90.2
943
Molybdenum
5209
639.3
0.06
79.7
578
Nickel: Pure Nichrome (80% Ni, 20% Cr) Inconel X-750 (73% Ni, 15% Cr, 6.7% Fe) Niobium
3110
555.6
0.106
52.4
247.6
3010
524.4
0.1
6.9
36.6
2997
531.3
0.104
6.8
33.4
4934
535
0.063
31
254
Palladium
3289
750.4
0.058
41.5
263.7
Platinum: Pure Alloy 60Pt-40Rh (60% Pt, 40% Rh) Rhenium
3681
1339
0.031
41.4
270
3240
1038.2
0.038
27.2
187.3
6215
1317.2
0.032
27.7
180
Rhodium
4025
777.2
0.058
86.7
534
Silicon
3033
145.5
0.17
85.5
960.2
Silver
2223
656
0.056 248
Tantalum
5884
1036.3
0.033
33.2
266
Thorium
3641
730.4
0.028
31.2
420.9
909
456.3
0.054
38.5
431.6
0.013
12.7
100.3
Tin
1873
Titanium
3515
281
Tungsten
6588
1204.9
0.031 100.5
735.2
Uranium
2531
1190.5
0.027
16
134.5
Vanadium
3946
381
0.117
17.7
110.9
Zinc
1247
445.7
0.093
67
450
Zirconium
3825
410.2
0.067
13.1
133.5
180
360
5.31 0.064
7.3 0.096
0.12
0.131
23 0.028 87.9 0.155 1034 0.038 94.8 0.055
21.2 0.029 91.9 0.223 82.6 0.053 61.8 0.091
5
0.114 5.9
— 31.9 0.044 44.2 0.04 44.7 0.024
0.088 30.4 0.059 41.4 0.054 42 0.03
34 0.023 107.5 0.035 510.8 0.061 257 0.044 34.2 0.026 34.6 0.024 49.2 0.044 17.6 0.071 120.2 0.020 12.5 0.022 20.7 0.061 67.6 0.07 19.2 0.049
30 0.03 89 0.052 152.5 0.132 248.4 0.053 33.2 0.031 31.5 0.027 42.4 0.051 14.2 0.111 107.5 0.029 14.5 0.026 18 0.102 68.2 0.087 14.6 0.063
720
1080
1440
1800
10 0.122 9.6 0.123 8.8 0.137 9.1 0.122 19.7 0.031 88.4 0.256 77.4 0.062 46.3 0.115 8.0 0.125 7.8
11.6 0.133 11.5 0.133 10.6 0.143 1.1 0.133 18.1 0.034 86.0 0.279 72.8 0.065 37.9 0.141 9.3 0.130 9.8
13.2 0.140 13 0.139 12.3
14.7 0.144 14.7 0.145 14
12.7 0.14
14.3 0.144
0.112 32 0.065 42.5 0.059 41.5 0.032 30 — 26.6 0.033 84.3 0.06 57.2 0.189 245.5 0.057 33.4 0.034 31.4 0.029 35.9 0.058 11.8 0.131 92 0.032 17.1 0.029 18 0.123 64.1 0.096 12.5 0.072
0.121 33.6 0.067 46 0.062 42.3 0.034 34 — 25.5 0.034 78.5 0.065 35.8 0.207 238 0.059 34 0.035 32.2 0.032
0.13 35.4 0.069 50 0.064 43.7 0.035 37.5 — 25.4 0.036 73.4 0.069 24.4 0.218 228.8 0.062 34.3 0.036 32.9 0.035
25.8 0.037 70 0.074 18.0 0.226 219 0.066 34.8 0.036 32.9 0.037
11.2 0.141 79.2 0.033 19.6 0.035 19.3 0.128 59.5 0.104 12 0.77
11.4 0.151 72.2 0.034 22.4 0.042 20.6 0.134
12 0.161 68.2 0.035 25.4 0.043 22.0 0.142
12.5 0.082
13.7 0.087
Source : Tables A–24E and A–25E are obtained from the respective tables in SI units in Appendix 1 using proper conversion factors.
84.4 0.302 68.2 0.068 39 0.126 12.2 11.8
64.7 0.070 41.4 0.134
13.9 0.149 32.2 0.071 54.4 0.067 45.5 0.036 40