ARCHITECTURE & ARTS ARCHI = first or original and TECT = the ability to put things together Sanskrit root : ARTS = everything in its right place
Greek words:
THEORY IN GENERAL Analysis of a set of facts in relation to one another Belief, policy or procedure proposed or followed as basis of action An ideal or hypothetical set of facts, principles or circumstances of a body of fact on science or art A plausible or scientifically accepted general principle or body of principles offered to explain phenomenon •
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Forms/Types of Theory Descriptive: Explains phenomenon or events; neutral and do not lean towards any ideology Prescriptive: Prescribes bases or guidelines Critical: Challenges relationships between architecture & society •
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ARCHITECTURAL THEORY Essence and Composition A collection of thoughts, view, ideas Organized by theme or topic Evolution of thoughts There is not a grand theory or unified theory of architecture; it is a combination of various thoughts, speculations, concepts •
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Form •
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In a conceptual form Needs to be translated From concepts to reality Discussed, tested, developed
ESSENCE OF ARCHITECTURE Architecture is the process that we instinctively recognize as the genius of growth and creation It gives form to the invisible pulses and rhythm of life The physical manifestation of the power is a consequence of the desire for the invisible to be made visible •
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ARCHITECTURAL SYSTEMS The Architecture of
Space Structure Enclosure
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Experienced through
Movement in Space-Time
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Organizational pattern, relationships, hierarchy Qualities of shape, color, texture, scale, proportion Qualities of surfaces, edges and openings Approach and entry Path configuration and access Sequence of spaces Light, view, touch, hearing and smell Theory of Architectural Design Page 1 of 11
Achieved by means of
Technology
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Accommodating a
Program
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Compatible with its
Context
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SPATIAL SYSTEM
Theory 1 M. Ticao
Structure and enclosure Environmental protection and comfort Health, safety and welfare Durability User requirements, needs, aspirations Socio-cultural factors Economic factors Legal restraints Historical tradition & precedents Site and environment Climate: sun, wind, temperature and precipitation Geography: soils, topography, vegetation and water Sensory and cultural characteristics of the place
STRUCTURAL SYSTEM
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ENCLOSURE SYSTEM
CIRCULATION SYSTEM
CONTEXT
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ARCHITECTURAL ORDERS Architectural Orders Physical
Form and Space Solids &Voids Interior & Exterior •
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System and Organization of: Space Structure Enclosure Machines Approach & Departure Entry & Egress Movement through the order of spaces Functioning of activities within spaces Qualities of light, color, texture, view & sound Images Patterns Signs Symbols Context (space, form, function, techniques) •
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Perceptual
Sensory perception & recognition of the physical elements by experiencing them sequentially in time
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Conceptual
Comprehension of the ordered and disordered relationships among a building’s elements and systems and responding to the meanings they evoke
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ELEMENTS OF DESIGN Point •
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The two ends of a line The intersection of two lines The meeting of lines at the corner of a plane or volume The center of a field
Line A point extended becomes a line with properties of: Length Direction Position •
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Plane A line extended becomes a plane with properties of: Length and width Shape Surface Orientation Position •
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Volume A plane extended becomes a volume with properties of: Length, width, depth Form and space Surface Orientation Position •
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ARCHITECTURAL FORM is the point of contact between mass and space Form Properties of Form: Shape Size Color Texture Position Orientation Visual Inertia •
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Space Definition
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FORM TRANSFORMTION Dimensional Transformation: a form can be transformed by altering one or more of its dimensions and still retain its identity as a member of a family of forms. A cube, for example, can be transformed into similar prismatic forms through discrete changes in height, length or width.
Subtractive Transformation: a form can be transformed by subtracting a portion of its volume. Depending on the extent of the subtractive process, the form can still retain its initial identity or be transformed into a form of another family.
Additive Transformation: a form can be transformed by the addition of elements to its volume. The nature of the additive process and the number and relative sizes of the elements being attached determine whether the identity of the initial form is altered or retained.
FORM AND SPACE Spatial Relationships Space within a Space Interlocking Spaces Adjacent Spaces Spaces linked by a Common Space •
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Spatial Organization Centralized Organization: a number of secondary forms clustered about a dominant, central parentform
Linear Organization: a series of forms arranged sequentially in a row
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Radial Organization: a composition of linear forms extending outward from a central form in a radial manner
Clustered Organization: a collection of forms grouped together by proximity or the sharing of a common visual trait.
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Grid Organization: a set of modular forms related and regulated by a three-dimensional grid
ELEMENTS OF CIRCULATION Approach: the distant view; the first phase of the circulation system during which we are prepared to see, experience and use the building
Entrance: from outside to inside; may be flushed, projected or recessed
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Configuration of Path: the sequence of spaces ; can be linear, radial, spiral, grid, network or composite
SPATIAL THEORIES Anthropocentrism: the human being is the most important entity in the universe. The world is perceived according to the values and experiences of the human being. Anthropomorphism: human qualities are associated with non-human entities/events. Qualities such as form, values and emotions. Anthropometrics: study of measurements of the human body
Ergonomics: an applied science concerned with the characteristics of people that need to be considered in the design of devices and systems in order that people and things will interact effectively and safely.
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Proxemics: The study of the symbolic and communicative role of the spatial separation individuals maintain in various social and interpersonal situations, and how the nature and degree of this spatial arrangement relates to environmental and cultural factors.
Spatial illusions through: Changes in levels Bringing outside in Borrowing views Use of glass and light materials Multiplicity of functions Two-dimensional treatments Use of color •
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