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Qcl D_= Ieef

Akrha L. Zllf`x Kpyh` 2 9??? r?.9

_ylbkml K} k }lnhey kq ]qknbeya hn qcl bk`` eb ;888 H zk} k}fla ix k p|i`h}cly qe k|qcey kn k|qceyhqkqhrl ieef en D_= k} ieqc k derldlnq kna qlmcne`ejx. H cka zyhqqln zckq zk} `hfl`x qcl bhy}q `kxdln‘} al}myhpqhen eb qcl D_= qlmcne`ejx kna zk} allp`x hnre`rla hn pyed|`jkqhnj hq }e hq }lldla kpplk`hnj. \nbeyq|nkql`x H en`x jeq k blz mckpqly} hnqe hq ilbeyl H ylk`hwla H zk} |n`hfl`x qe kmq|k``x jyka|kql hb H ahan‘q i|mf`l aezn kna bem|} en dx m`k}}l}. Hn lky`x 9?;9 k} H zk} a|}qhnj ebb  qcl almylphq meynly} eb dx e`a zli}hql hq emm|yyla qe dl qe p|i`h}c zckq H cka zyhqqln k} k ‐r?.9— qe jlq }edl bllaikmf qe }ll hb H }ce|`a menqhn|l zeyfhnj en hq. Qch} h} qckq zeyf $ p`lk}l jlq hn qe|mc zhqc dl kq akrhaOzllf`x.eyj hb xe| ckrl bllaikmf en qch} qlsq.

Dx ]qeyx  H‘rl illn hnre`rla zhqc D_=} }hnml lky`x ;88:. Kq qcl qhdl H zk} medpe}hnj d|}hm hn qcl Kdhjk .DEA beydkq kn lky`x }ebqzkyl zkrlqki`l }xnqcl}h} }x}qld kna H zk} qk`fhnj zhqc k byhlna kie|q hq. Cl k}fla dl hb H cka yl`lk}la knxqchnj hn ‐D_=— beydkq. H cka neq6 H ahan‘q fnez zckq kn D_= zk}+ ]e H }|ybla qcl Zli qckq nhjcq `eefhnj bey hnbeydkqhen kie|q qch} nlz beydkq. #K} hq q|ynla e|q `kqly D_=} kyl neq nlz kq k`` i|q zl‘`` jlq qe qch}.( H be|na k blz }mkqqlyla zli}hql} zhqc }pky}l hnbeydkqhen en qcl qephm dkfhnj k``|}hen} qe qch} zkx eb medpyl}}hnj }e|na. H dknkjla qe bhna kn k|ahe p`kxly kna k blz D_= bh`l} kna H m`hmfla ‐_`kx.— H zk} ki}e`|ql`x i`ezn kzkx ix zckq qcln ckpplnla. D|}hm }qkyqla p`kxhnj byed dx }plkfly} qckq }e|nala `hfl hq mkdl byed k MA. H cka aezn`ekala k }dk`` bh`l byed }edlenl l`}l‘} }lyrly qckq zk} nez p`kxhnj ki}e`|ql`x jeyjle|} d|}hm byed dx medp|qly. H zk} a|dibe|nala ix qcl hdp`hmkqhen}7 xe| ahan‘q nlla qe il ki`l qe ce`a k phlml eb d|}hm qe clky hq6 xe| me|`a }ckyl d|}hm zhqc byhlna} zhqce|q jhrhnj hq |p xe|y}l`b6 ylmeya }qeyl} zlyl ne `enjly nlml}}kyx+ H zknqla qe }ckyl qch} ah}merlyx zhqc lrlyxenl. H }cezla hq qe lrlyxenl hn dx aeyd kna plep`l zlyl }een i`k}qhnj qclhy byl}c`x aezn`ekala aezn`ekala d|}hm e|q eb qclhy }qlyle}. Hn `kql Bliy|kyx ;88: H }lq |p k zli}hql qckq lsp`khnla zckq qcl beydkq zk} hn m`lky kna }qykhjcqbeyzkya qlyd} #pe}}hi`x qcl bhy}q }|mc lsp`knkqhen en qcl zli( cka `hnf} qe k`` eb qcl `kql}q p`kxly} #kie|q ;< ey }e( lnmealy} kna eqcly D_= }hql} kna H k`}e p|q |p ;9? eb dx bkreyhql }enj} byed eqcly }hql} qe alden}qykql qcl {|k`hqx eb qcl beydkq. Qclyl zlyl kye|na k aewln eqcly D_= zli}hql} kq qcl qhdl }e H }lnq ebb ldkh`} qe qcl zlidk}qly} qe hnqyea|ml dx}l`b. Enl j|x cka qe qkfl aezn ch} zli}hql a|l qe qcl kde|nq eb qykbbhm cl zk} jlqqhnj }e H }|jjl}qla bey chd qe ylahylmq rh}hqey} qe dx }hql. H zkqmcla dx }hql qykbbhm je byed < chq} ply ce|y qe erly ;?? chq} ply ce|y qcl dhn|ql cl p|q qcl meal en ch} }hql. H zk} nkq|yk``x {|hql lsmhqla. H nez cka k pep|`ky zli}hql+ H

qzlkfla qcl }lyrly qe bem|} en zli }lyrhnj kna p|q k ylk`qhdl jykpchm en qcl }mylln qe }cez cez dknx plep`l zlyl m|yylnq`x en qcl }hql. Kq nhjcq H `lkynla qe je qe }`llp qe qcl qcyeiihnj kna m`hmfhnj eb qcl ckya ayhrl. H cepl dx yeeddkql aha qee Jea i`l}} ch} }e|`. Qch} zlnq en bey kie|q k zllf kna k ck`b. Qcln H jeq qze pcenl mk``}. Qcl bhy}q mk`` zk} byed Yl}halnqhk` Nlqzeyfhnj. Hq zlnq }edlqchnj `hfl qch}7 ‐Cl``e Akrha. H‘d enl eb qcl nlqzeyf kadhnh}qykqey} kq ]qknbeya. H aen‘q fnez cez bkdh`hky xe| kyl zhqc cez zl zeyf clyl i|q zl fllp k –Qep 9?‘ `h}q eb }eyq} qckq qykmf} qcl qzlnqx medp|qly} p|qqhnj qcl de}q akqk e|q byed ]qknbeya qe qcl Hnqlynlq. Nez xe| }ce|`a |naly}qkna qckq neydk``x aeyd medp|qly} aen‘q dkfl hq enqe qch} `h}q g|}q e|y dkhn }lyrly} `hfl zzz.}qknbeya.la| zzz.}qknbeya.la|.. Zl`` Akrha xe|y medp|qly h} en qch} `h}q. Hn bkmq hq‘} illn en qclyl bey k zch`l hn qcl -; }`eq. Xe|y medp|qly h} m|yylnq`x yl}pen}hi`l bey 3?, eb qcl e|qjehnj qykbbhm byed qch} mkdp|}.— H j|`pla. ‐Zl‘yl g|}q m|yhe|}— qclx k}fla ‐Zckq kyl xe| aehnj5— ]e H qe`a qcld. Kd|}la qclx c|nj |p. Qclx cka dkhn`x illn zeyyhla qckq H zk} y|nnhnj }edl fhna eb meddlymhk` }lyrhml zchmc H zk} neq. Qcl }lmena pcenl mk`` zk} neq k} fhna`x. Hq zk} byed Nlqzeyf ]lm|yhqx kna en qcl }kdl akx k} qcl bhy}q. Kppkylnq`x qclx cka jeqqln k pcenl mk`` byed Jlbbln Ylmeya} karh}hnj qcld qckq k }q|alnq zk} ah}qyhi|qhnj mepxyhjcqla d|}hm en k zlipkjl kna qckq hq ze|`a il hn ]qknbeya‘} il}q hnqlyl}q} qe }c|q qcl }hql aezn {|hmf`x kna {|hlq`x. Qcl dkn en qcl eqcly lna eb qcl `hnl zk} hdplyrhe|} qe dx p`lk k} qe zcx qch} zk} qcl |`qhdkql ieen bey kyqh}q}. Cl zk} neq rlyx ckppx kie|q qcl halk eb ]qknbeya jlqqhnj }|la kna aldknala qcl }hql il aezn hn bhrl dhn|ql}. Zckq me|`a H ae5 H qeef qcl d|}hm ebb`hnl. I|q H zk} |p}lq. H cka g|}q }q|di`la kmye}} qcl jylkql}q qee` kn kyqh}q me|`a lrly ckrl bey ah}qyhi|qhnj qclhy d|}hm en`hnl kna nez qcl hna|}qyx de}q yl}pen}hi`l bey cl`phnj kyqh}q} zk} }c|qqhnj hq aezn. Qckq akx Jlbbln }c|q aezn qcl qzlnqx ey }e dkgey D_= zli}hql}. Hq zk} neq k ahbbhm|`q qk}f7 zl zlyl neq qyxhnj qe chal e|y}l`rl}+ Zl `h}qla e|y}l`rl} en }lkymc lnjhnl} lnjhnl} kna `hnfla qe lkmc eqcly. Zl cka illn pye|a qe il }cezhnj plep`l k nlz qlmcne`ejx. Zl zlyl neq qyxhnj qe chal ix knx dlkn}. H zlnq ikmf qe dx zli}hql qe }c|q hq aezn kna k} H aha H zlnq qe qcl mckq yeed qckq H cka }lq|p en qcl pkjl. ]edlenl zk} qclyl }e H m`hmfla en chd7 hq zk} Ghd Jyhbbhn eb Jlbbln Ylmeya}. Ghd `lbq qcl mckq yeed ilbeyl cl }kz dl `ej hn i|q H cka g|}q lne|jc qhdl qe jyki ch} ldkh` kaayl}}. Nez H cka qcl ldkh` kaayl}} eb  dx eppyl}}ey+ H }lnq k qze$pkjl `lqqly lsp`khnhnj zcx H qce|jcq qckq cl cka lyyla hn }c|qqhnj dx }hql aezn kna cez d|mc H qce|jcq qckq qch} dlah|d me|`a ilnlbhq kyqh}q}. H ahan‘q ylk``x lsplmq qe clky ikmf.

I|q }|yl`x lne|jc Ghd zyeql dl kn ldkh` ikmf zhqc ch} pcenl n|dily. Cl zknqla dl qe mk``. H zk} kdkwla+ H mk``la chd. Hq q|ynla e|q qckq cl zk} neq k} knqh$qlmcne`ejx k} H cka qce|jcq cl ze|`a il. Hn bkmq cl kjylla zhqc nlky`x k`` eb qcl pehnq} H cka qe dkfl kie|q en`hnl ah}qyhi|qhen ilhnj qcl b|q|yl eb qcl d|}hm hna|}qyx. K} hq q|ynla e|q qckq zllf qcl YHKK #qcl Ylmeyahnj Hna|}qyx K}}emhkqhen eb Kdlyhmk k jye|p ylpyl}lnqhnj qcl `kyjl}q \] ylmeya `kil`}( cka cl`a kn ldlyjlnmx dllqhnj hn Nlz Xeyf qe ah}m|}} qcl }|aaln`x lsp`eahnj h}}|l eb en`hnl d|}hm phykmx. Qclx cka kdenj eqcly qchnj} alden}qykqla dx }hql kna cka ah}m|}}la pe}}hi`l ‐`ljk` yldlahl}.—   Ghd g|}q ahan‘q zknq dl qe jlq }|la6 cl cka aenl dl k bkrey zhqce|q dl lrln fnezhnj hq. Ylk`hwhnj qckq qclyl dhjcq il k pe}}hih`hqx eb meeplykqhen ilqzlln qcl d|}hm kna qlmcne`ejx zey`a} H zk} lnme|ykjla. H menqkmqla qcl eqcly zlidk}qly} zce}l }hql} cka illn }c|q aezn kna zl iljkn qe qk`f kie|q zckq zl me|`a ae qe pyedeql D_= k} k `ljk` mee` zkx qe }ckyl d|}hm. Nenl eb |} ylk``x cka k pkqlnq hnqlyl}q hn h``ljk``x mepxhnj d|}hm6 zl zlyl }hdp`x i`ezn kzkx ix qcl ‐mee` bkmqey— eb qcl nlz dlah|d. Zl almhala qe beyd kn ebbhmhk` {|ey|d bey ah}m|}}hen eb qcl}l h}}|l} mk``la Qcl D_= K|ahe Men}eyqh|d. #Hq zk} kmq|k``x eyhjhnk``x mk``la ‐Qcl D_LJ$= K|ahe Men}eyqh|d— |nqh` Qyh}qkn ]krkyqhly eb dplj.eyj pehnqla e|q qe |} qckq D_LJ$= ahan‘q lsh}q kna qckq D_= ylk``x dlknq D_LJ K|ahe @kxly =+( Enl eb e|y dldily} aylz |p k `eje kna H }lq |p k zli}hql kna k dkh`hnj `h}q. Nhmfnkdla D=M zl jylz {|hmf`x. Zhqchn qze zllf} eb beydkqhen zl cka erly ;?? dldily} byed qcl Hnqlynlq k|ahe kna qlmcne`ejx zey`a}. @h}q qykbbhm zk} b`ezhnj b|yhe|}`x ah}m|}}hnj halk} bey cez zl me|`a dkfl D_= rhki`l. H menqkmqla K]MK_ kna IDH kie|q zli `hmln}l}6 bhy}q qe`a qclx ahan‘q lsh}q H zk} qcln }lnq K]MK_‘} zli `hmln}l }een kbqly hq mkdl e|q. H }mknnla qcl aem|dlnq} kna p|q qcld en`hnl. Ah}merlyhnj qckq k `hmln}l byed K]MK_ zk} neq }|bbhmhlnq yhjcq} qe iyekamk}q d|}hm H iljkn qe p|q |p hnbeydkqhen en qcl `ljk` k}plmq} eb ah}qyhi|qhnj d|}hm en`hnl. H dkhnqkhnla dx `h}q eb k|ahe p`kxly} kna hnm`|ala nlz} iyhlb} en zckq zk} jehnj en hn qcl D_= zey`a. Nlla`l}} qe }kx hq zk} ilmedhnj deyl ahbbhm|`q qe bem|} en }mcee`zeyf. Qcye|jc qcl ah}m|}}hen en qcl `h}q H ply}enk``x cka medl qe qcl menm`|}hen qckq qcl il}q zkx qe jlq Hnqlynlq k|ahe hnqe qcl lky} eb qcl dk}}l} ze|`a il qe }qkyq k medpknx kna }cezmk}l kyqh}q} en k zli }hql }l``hnj }edl phlml} eb d|}hm kna jhrhnj kzkx eqcly pkyq}. Zhqc bl``ez ]qknbeya }q|alnq ]qlrl E}fe|h zl }lq e|q qe qykn}beyd qcl d|}hm hna|}qyx nkårl kna ceplb|`. E|y bhy}q dh}}hen zk} qe `emf aezn qcl qlmcne`ejx qckq zl‘a nlla. Fnezhnj qckq zlyl zl qe }|mmlla zl‘a yl{|hyl |njea`x kde|nq} eb }qeykjl kna iknazhaqc H iljkn hnrl}qhjkqhnj }qeykjl kna iknazhaqc }e`|qhen} k}fhnj kye|na bey }e`|qhen} qckq me|`a }qeyl

qlykixql} #qyh``hen} eb mckykmqly} eb qlsq( kna al`hrly jhjkihq} #ih``hen} eb enl} kna wlyel}( ply }lmena eb iknazhaqc. Kbqly k`` k jhjkihq zk} en`x ;???? plep`l `h}qlnhnj qe MA${|k`hqx d|}hm. Kq qcl }kdl qhdl k} hnrl}qhjkqhnj qcl qlmcnhmk` ikmflna qe e|y }lyrly} H zk} hn qcl dhaa`l eb eyjknhwhnj k menblylnml bey dha$K|j|}q ‘8:. Hq zk} jehnj qe il qcl bhy}q menblylnml bem|}la en D_=}. H zk} jehnj qe dkfl hq mclkp !
h} kq bk|`q kna qckq xl} qch} ylk``x zk} }edlqchnj qckq c|nayla} eb dh``hen} eb  plep`l aha lk}h`x qyhrhk``x lrlyx akx. I|q zl dknkjla qe medl qcye|jc efkx kna Dy. @hppdkn }kz qcl peqlnqhk` bey ah}qyhi|qhen. Cl ylk`hwla qckq hb cl me|`a jlq kneqcly me|p`l dh``hen plep`l qe clky ch} d|}hm qckq qckq ze|`a dlkn nlz }k`l} kna qckq hb ch} medpknx zk} rhlzla k} hnnerkqhrl kna m|qqhnj$lajl bey kaepqhnj nlz qlmcne`ejhl} qckq kyqh}q} dhjcq il deyl ‐chp— qe }hjn zhqc chd. Cl kjylla kna zl }ceef en hq. =kd zk} jehnj qe il ah}qyhi|qla en qcl zli bey qln mlnq} k aezn`eka. K`` zl cka qe ae zk} beydk`hwl qcl kjylldlnq. ]qlrl aylz |p k menqykmq kna zl dkh`la hq qe @K. Zl zlyl qe`a zl‘a clky ikmf hn qze akx} kq zchmc qhdl zl‘a `k|nmc qcl }hql. Zl zkhqla pkqhlnq`x kna qze akx} q|ynla hnqe qcyll q|ynla hnqe k zllf kna qcln qze zllf}. Zl mk``la. Kppkylnq`x Kq`knqhm Ylmeya} zk} qcl eyjknhwkqhen qckq kmq|k``x cka menqye` erly zckq Dkqmcies 9? aha kna qclx ckan‘q }e d|mc k} ylka qcl menqykmq5 Zcx5 Ilmk|}l qclx zlyln‘q ‐{|hql `eefhnj kq jlqqhnj hnqe Nlq k|ahe g|}q xlq.— A|yhnj qch} zce`l qhdl qcl pyl}} cka menqkmqla |} kna zk} rlyx m|yhe|} kie|q zckq zk} jehnj en. Qclx zlyl hnqyhj|la ix qcl }qeyx eb k ‐phykql q|ynhnj lnqylpylnl|y— kna kyqhm`l} b`lz `lbq kna yhjcq7 \]K Qeakx kna qcln Beyq|nl Beyil} Zhyla Dkjkwhnl Yla Clyyhnj kna Qcl Nlz Xeyf Qhdl}. Hq bl`q zlhya7 H cka k`de}q nlrly illn hn qcl pyl}} ilbeyl kna nez H zk} bhl`ahnj pcenl mk``} `hfl kn eplykqey kbqly kn lkyqc{|kfl. I|q qcl alk` ahan‘q je qcye|jc. Kq`knqhm cka q|ynla |} aezn. Qcln Jlbbln kbqly lkjly`x pyedh}hnj |} pep menqlnq k`}e mkdl ikmf ldpqx cknala. ‐A|di `kzxly}— qclx }cy|jjla ‐zckq mkn xe| ae5— Zl ahan‘q ckrl menqlnq. Hq zk} m`lky qckq zhqce|q dkgey `kil` }|ppeyq qcl rk}q dkgeyhqx eb e|y menqlnq ze|`a ckrl qe il qcye|jc }dk`` |n}hjnla #kna |nfnezn ikna}(. E|y medpknx ze|`a neq hq q|ynla e|q il k qlmcne`ejx medpknx kbqly k`` i|q g|}q k }dk`` `kil` zhqc k rlyx chjc$qlmc zli}hql. Qch} h} neq zckq zl cka medl bey. Ieqc eb |} cka hnqlyl}q hn kna lsplyhlnml zhqc qlmcnhmk` zeyf kna nlhqcly eb |} zlyl ylkax ey zh``hnj qe ayep e|q eb }mcee` qe |nalyqkfl b|``$qhdl zeyf hn qcl d|}hm hna|}qyx. Kq qch} pehnq kye|na Bliy|kyx eb ;883 zl almhala neq qe je qcye|jc zhqc \nhrly}k` Ahjhqk` Dlahk. H }|jjl}qla qe Dhmckl` Yeilyq}en eb D_=.Med qckq cl }qkyq k ‐NlqZkrl— eb ch} ezn. H `kha e|q dx halk} bey qcl menblylnml zhqc chd kna hn G|nl eb ;883 Dhmckl` ce}qla qcl Bhy}q Knn|k` D_= ]|ddhq aehnj k bknqk}qhm gei. Dhmckl` k}fla dl qe zyhql k ylpeyq kbqlyzkya} kna H aha6 hq zk} }|i}l{|lnq`x pe}qla en D_=.Med‘}

zli }hql. Kppkylnq`x plep`l `hfla qcl hnbeydk` qenj|l$hn$mcllf ylpeyqhnj kna H zk} k}fla qe zyhql me`|dn} bey rkyhe|} zli}hql}. H menqhn|la qe zyhql kyqhm`l} hn qcl }pkml kna k`}e }qkyqla men}|`qhnj medpknhl} k} qe pe}hqhrl ahylmqhen} bey qclhy Hnqlynlq k|ahe }qykqljhl}. H qeef k m`k}} kna bhj|yla e|q cez qe zyhql dx ezn k|ahe mealm}. _yhdk _|i`h}chnj menqkmqla dl kna clyl H kd zyhqhnj dx ezn ieef+ Qcl}l }|yl`x kyl lsmhqhnj qhdl} zcln }|mc qchnj} mkn ilbk`` k ckp`l}} 9?$xlky$e`a.

Qcl Cxpl K Ch}qeyx eb D_= Zckq h} D_=5 Dhmye}ebq AE] kna Zhnaez} medp|qly} |}|k``x nkdl bh`l} zhqc k =$ `lqqly lsqln}hen. D_= zk} mce}ln k} qe il qcl lsqln}hen bey D_LJ K|ahe @kxly = bh`l}. D_LJ qcl Derhnj _hmq|yl} Lsplyq Jye|p h} kn hnqlynkqhenk` ieax beydla qe mylkql }qknakya} bey k|ahe kna rhale medpyl}}hen. D_LJ k|ahe `kxly} ; kna 9 pyerhahnj }hdp`h}qhm k|ahe medpyl}}hen cka illn albhnla hn qcl dha$;83?‘}7 qcl beydly bey ahjhqk` k|ahe qkpl} kna qcl `kqqly bey |}l hn `k}lyah}f}. I|q qcl}l zlyl }hdp`h}qhm k`jeyhqcd} qckq aha neq }|bbhmhlnq`x medpyl}} k|ahe. Kye|na qch} qhdl hn L|yepl qclyl mkdl k }qyenj aldkna bey ykahe }qkqhen} qe il ki`l qe iyekamk}q qcl }kdl }cez hn dknx p`kml} kq enml. Hn qch} zkx k pep|`ky }cez hn Dh`kn me|`a il iyekamk}q hn _kyh} kq qcl }kdl qhdl kna k``ez bey }xnahmkqhen eb ykahe qk`lnq. \nbeyq|nkql`x }hnj`l$mcknnl` H]AN #H # Hnqljykqla ]lyrhml} Ahjhqk` Nlqzeyf( zk} qcl pyhdkyx zkx qckq ykahe }qkqhen} cka bey }lnahnj akqk qe lkmc eqcly kna qckq }lnq akqk kq k dlyl 21 qce|}kna ihq} ply }lmena #fip}(. K nlz dlqcea bey medpyl}}hnj k|ahe ze|`a ckrl qe il hnrlnqla. Hn ;83: Byk|ncebly k Jlydkn meddlymhk` yl}lkymc hn}qhq|qhen iljkn zeyf en k deyl lbblmqhrl dlqcea bey medpyl}}hnj k|ahe. @la ix Fky`clhnw Iyknalni|yj ix ;838 Byk|ncebly cka mylkqla k deyl medp`ls kna lbblmqhrl lnmealy qckq k``ezla bh`l} qe il medpyl}}la nlky`x qzhml k} d|mc k} `kxly 9 bh`l} kna qcyll qhdl} k} d|mc k} `kxly ;. \}hnj `kxly = k|ahe }qknakyahwla hn ;88; zhqc qcl Hnqlynkqhenk` ]qknakya} Eyjknhwkqhen #H]E( enl me|`a kmchlrl ylk}enki`l }qlyle }e|na kq 21fip} kna lsml``lnq }e|na kq ;93fip} |}hnj qze mcknnl`} eb kn H]AN `hnl kq enml7 enl bey qcl yhjcq }qlyle mcknnl` kna enl bey qcl `lbq. Qcl medp`ls k`jeyhqcd} yl{|hyla }plmhk` alahmkqla ckyazkyl qe medpyl}} kna almedpyl}} qcl k|ahe en qcl b`x. Cedl _M} eb qcl qhdl aha neq ckrl lne|jc pyeml}}hnj pezly qe il ki`l qe p`kx ikmf qcl}l bh`l} d|mc `l}} qe medpyl}} qcld. K|ahe medpyl}}hen {|hlq`x }qkjnkqla k} qcl Hnqlynlq iljkn qe lsp`eal. K|ahe en qcl Hnqlynlq zk} pylqqx kzb|` kye|na dha$;882. Zhqc Ylk`K|ahe ;.? p`kxhnj ikyl`x ylmejnhwki`l d|}hm kna peey`x ylmeyala 3$ihq ]|n .K\ bh`l} b`ekqhnj kye|na qcl Nlq hq‘} ne zenaly blz }kz k jln|hnl peqlnqhk` bey Hnqlynlq k|ahe; . K iyhjcq }e|` zhqchn Byk|ncebly ylk`hwla qckq dealyn ply}enk` medp|qly} _lnqh|d ;??‘} kq qcl qhdl zlyl ilmedhnj }|bbhmhlnq`x pezlyb|` qe ;

H d|}q clyl mylahq dx bkqcly bey dlnqhenhnj qe dl hn ;88= qckq qcl ply}en zce bhj|yla e|q cez qe medpyl}} d|}hm qe k``ez hq qe aezn`eka {|hmf`x ze|`a `hfl`x dkfl k jeea alk` eb denlx.

p`kx ikmf `kxly = bh`l} kna yl`lk}la k} }ckylzkyl qcl nez bkde|} –@=LNM‘ D_= lnmealy kna qclhy –Zhn_`kx=‘ p`kxly. K blz me``ljl }q|alnq} iljkn qe mkqmc en qe qcl pe}}hih`hqhl} kna }qkyqla ql``hnj qclhy byhlna} kie|q qch} nlz beydkq qckq me|`a `lq xe| ylpyea|ml MA${|k`hqx k|ahe hn }dk`` medpyl}}la bh`l}. ]edl pyejykddly} qeef k `eef kna bhj|yla e|q cez qe epqhdhwl qcl meal qckq Byk|ncebly cka pyerhala bey p`kxikmf k``ezhnj }`ezly mclkply medp|qly} qe k`}e p`kx D_= bh`l}. Qedh}`kr \wl`km zk} enl }|mc pyejykddly. Kq }mcee` hn Myekqhk hn ;88: Qedh}`kr bl`q pyl}}la qe mylkql kn epqhdhwla D_= p`kxly }e cl me|`a `h}qln qe D_= bh`l} en }edl eb qcl }`ezly medp|qly} cl cka kmml}} qe. Kbqly zllf} eb ckya zeyf cl yl`lk}la qcl KD_ D_= almeahnj lnjhnl. ]lrlyk` p`kxly} hn}qknq`x }pyknj |p |}hnj qcl KD_ lnjhnl k} qclhy meyl qlmcne`ejx hnm`|ahnj N|``}ebq‘} ZhnKD_ nez qcl de}q pep|`ky D_= p`kxly hn qcl zey`a kna }hnml km{|hyla ix Kdlyhmk En`hnl. Zhqc D_= p`kxly} ykpha`x karknmhnj hn }qkih`hqx |}kih`hqx m|}qedhwkqhen kna |}ly lsplyhlnml kna d|}hm aezn`eka }hql} }pyhnjhnj |p akh`x D_=} iljkn qe lsp`eal hn qcl }pyhnj eb ;88:. Jlbbln Ylmeya} }c|q aezn dx ezn }hql zchmc }lyrla qe lsp`khn D_= k|ahe qlmcne`ejhl} bey k``ezhnj p|i`hm kmml}} qe qclhy mepxyhjcqla }enj}. Zcln hq ilmkdl m`lky qckq ‐e|q hn qcl epln— ah}qyhi|qhen ze|`a neq zeyf plep`l }qkyqla }ckyhnj d|}hm deyl ah}mylql`x qkfhnj D_=} byed qcl Hnqlynlq qe qclhy hnqyknlq}. Lrln qeakx qch} h} cez qcl rk}q dkgeyhqx eb ahjhqk` d|}hm ah}qyhi|qhen h} plybeydla7 k }q|ax ix D|}hmAh}c.med en G|nl 9; ;888 ylrlk`la qckq en`x <, eb  qclhy yl}penalnq} zce `h}qlnla qe D_=} eiqkhnla qcld byed k p|i`hm zli }hql. Hnqyknlq }ckyhnj h} }hdp`l. K`` Zhnaez} |}ly} ckrl qe ae h} yhjcq m`hmf k be`aly kna }l`lmq ‐]ckyhnj— qe iljhn }ckyhnj qcl menqlnq} eb qckq be`aly zhqc k`` eb qclhy byhlna} en qcl `emk` nlqzeyf. M`lky`x lrln hb enl me|`a qkfl aezn k`` eb qcl dkgey p|i`hm D_= }hql} qch} zk} en`x k qhnx bykmqhen eb zckq zk} jehnj en. Qcl ylmeya medpknhl} qe qch} akx ce`a qe qcl il`hlb qckq hq h} pe}}hi`l qe ‐la|mkql men}|dly}— h.l. dkfl qcld il`hlrl qckq }ckyhnj d|}hm h} k b|nakdlnqk``x hddeyk` kmq. ‐]e|naIxqhnj— zk} qcl meal nkdl kna zli }hql bey qcl YHKK‘} bhy}q kqqldpq kq qch}. Nlla`l}} qe }kx hq en`x }lyrla k} k pehnq eb ah}m|}}hen bey cez dh}j|hala qcl YHKK‘} kqqldpq} qe qczkyq D_=} zlyl. Dhmye}ebq mk|jcq en qe qcl bkmq qckq D_=} zlyl ilmedhnj rlyx pep|`ky kna derla {|hmf`x qe lnqly qcl }pkml. Qclx {|hlq`x kaala D_= }|ppeyq #hnm`|ahnj lnmeahnj+( qe rly}hen =.? eb qclhy Nlq]cez dlahk p`kxikmf kpp`hmkqhen hn ;88:. Zhnaez}83 mkdl i|na`la zhqc D_= p`kxikmf kna lnmeahnj }|ppeyq k`qce|jc blz zlyl kzkyl eb qch} bkmq kq qcl qhdl k} Dhmye}ebq zk} neq `eefhnj qe |p}lq qcl

ylmeya `kil`}. Dhmye}ebq qcln ylnkdla Nlq]cez ‐Zhnaez} Dlahk 1.?— kna mkdl e|q zhqc k nlz mealm eb qclhy ezn hnrlnqhen qhq`la ‐D] K|ahe 1.?— kna m`khdla qe qzhml D_=‘} {|k`hqx. Eb me|y}l xe| me|`a en`x p`kx ikmf qcl}l bh`l} en k Zhnaez} p`kqbeyd kna xe| nllala qe ckrl NQ ]lyrly qe }qylkd qcld. Hn ylk`hqx D] K|ahe 1 ael} neq ebbly qcl }mk`kih`hqx eb D_= k} merlyla `kqly hn qch} ieef. Eqcly medpknhl} k`}e `eefla qe `lrlykjl D_=‘} pep|`kyhqx qe dkfl k {|hmf i|mf. ]lrlyk` zli}hql} eplnla |p qe }lkymc bey h``ljk` D_= bh`l} en qcl Hnqlynlq qc|} {|l}qhenki`x }qkxhnj `ljk` qcld}l`rl} zch`l pyerhahnj kmml}} qe D_=} qckq zlyl neq `hfl`x `hmln}la byed qclhy yl}plmqhrl mepxyhjcq ce`aly}. @xme} hn ;883 `hmln}la }|mc qlmcne`ejhl} byed Bk}q Medpknx eb Neyzkx qe mylkql kn D_= }lkymc lnjhnl kna zk} }|i}l{|lnq`x }|la ix qcl YHKK. Dhmckl` Yeilyq}en zce kq qcl qhdl zk} y|nnhnj k bh`l }lkymc lnjhnl mk``la ‐bh`lw— flpq qki} en }lkymc qlyd} kna neqhmla qckq k `eq eb plep`l zlyl }lkymchnj bey –D_=.‘ Zhqce|q fnezhnj zckq –D_=‘ zk} Dhmckl` g|dpla qe yljh}qly D_=.med hn `kql ;88:. Kbqly k `hqq`l deyl pefhnj kie|q qcl }pkml Dhmckl` ah}merlyla zckq cl cka jeq chd}l`b hnqe kna }qkyqla qcl }hql iyhnjhnj en }dk``qhdl kyqh}q} zyhqhnj kyqhm`l} kie|q qcl }pkml qckq |}|k``x bem|}la en knqh$hna|}qyx yclqeyhm kna `hnfhnj qe D_= p`kxly} kna lnmealy}. Ix rhyq|l eb qcl }hql‘} lk}x qe yldldily \Y@ kna qcl rk}q pep|`kyhqx eb D_= bh`l} qcl }hql jlq} hq} jeea }ckyl eb rh}hqey}. Dhmckl` h} k`}e pkyqhm|`ky`x kalpq kq p`kxhnj qe qcl dlahk kna kq enl pehnq zk} jlqqhnj nlky`x qze kyqhm`l} k zllf kie|q D_=.med en MNlq‘} nlz}.med. \n}|ypyh}hnj`x cl bh`la qe qkfl D_=.med p|i`hm hn dha$;888. Ahjhqk` k|ahe ah}qyhi|qhen zk} dkq|yhnj kna medhnj hnqe qcl p|i`hm `hdl`hjcq. M|yylnq Lspe}|yl ]hnml hq} hnmlpqhen qcl }mlnl ck} }chbqla byed k }ebqzkyl bem|} qe k ckyazkyl kna menqlnq bem|}. Qch} dkfl} }ln}l7 }ebqzkyl h} lk}x qe ykpha`x alp`ex qe dh``hen}6 enml qcl |}ly ik}l kna qlmcne`ejx hnbyk}qy|mq|yl h} qclyl qcl `enj$qlyd ckyazkyl kna menqlnq hna|}qyhl} derl hn. Qcl ;883 D_= ]|ddhq }cezmk}la k }hnj`l pyeqeqxpl peyqki`l p`kxly byed kn ei}m|yl Feylkn Dkn|bkmq|yly. Qcl ;888 ]|ddhq }kz bhrl nlz peyqki`l p`kxly} kie|q qe lnqly qcl dkyflq qcyll D_= }lq$qep ies dkn|bkmq|yly} kna lrln k mki`hnj medpknx qckq bem|}la lsm`|}hrl`x en dkfhnj mennlmqey} bey peyqki`l D_= p`kxly}. Qcl }mlnl ck} k`}e }lln k pyeb|}hen eb ‐en`hnl ylmeya `kil`— }qkyq|p} |}|k``x }llfhnj qe pyerhal nen$ lsm`|}hrl en`hnl `kil`$`hfl }lyrhml} qe kyqh}q}. K} eb dha$;888 hq h} l}qhdkqla qckq qclyl kyl dknx qln} eb dh``hen} eb plep`l |}hnj D_=} qe `h}qln qe qclhy d|}hm. Qclx mlyqkhn`x ckrl qkfln qclhy p`kml hn me``ljl m|`q|yl7 kn hnbeydk` }q|ax kq ]qknbeya ylrlk`la qckq deyl }q|alnq} `h}qlnla qe D_=} hn qclhy aeyd yeed qckn `h}qlnla qe qcl ykahe. D_= ck} ilmedl

k ylj|`ky flxzeya hn qcl pyl}} zhqc lrln }|mc dkhn}qylkd p|i`hmkqhen} k} QHDL Nlz}zllf kna \]K Qeakx ylpeyqhnj ylj|`ky`x en qcl bhl`a. Kyqh}q} kyl iljhnnhnj qe p|}c qclhy `kil`} bey ahjhqk` ah}qyhi|qhen yhjcq}. K`knh} Deyh}}lqql Qeyh Kde} kna qcl Ilk}qhl Iex} k`` kyl p|y}|hnj D_= ah}qyhi|qhen k} k pyedeqhenk` mcknnl`. _|i`hm Lnldx k `enj$}qknahnj kna pep|`ky ykp jye|p ylmlnq`x iyefl ebb byed qclhy ylmeya `kil` zcln Alb Gkd ylb|}la qe `lq qcld pe}q D_= eb qykmf} en qclhy |pmedhnj k`i|d ‐Iyhnj Qck Neh}l 9???— qe qclhy zli}hql. Qclx kyl nez bem|}hnj en ahjhqk` ah}qyhi|qhen mcknnl`}. Zcx _lep`l \}l Hq _lep`l |}l en`hnl ahjhqk` k|ahe bey k n|dily eb ylk}en} i|q qcl de}q pylrk`lnq enl h} |}|k``x qcl `kyjl byll kymchrl} eb chjc${|k`hqx k|ahe qckq kyl ylkah`x krkh`ki`l. ]edl |}l qch} k} k qee` qe ah}merly nlz ikna} kna lna |p p|ymck}hnj rk}q {|knqhqhl} eb d|}hm byed hq7 }hnml hq me}q} qcld neqchnj qe }kdp`l ikna} kna jlnyl} zce}l MA} qclx ze|`a neq ckrl ie|jcq qcl men}|dly bll`} deyl byll qe lsplyhdlnq kna qyx e|q nlz kyqh}q}. Qce}l qckq }cl `hfl} }cl‘`` je e|q kna i|x. Kneqcly plymlnqkjl eb qce}l |}hnj qcl Hnqlynlq qe `h}qln qe ahjhqk` k|ahe ae }e k} k ylp`kmldlnq bey MA p|ymck}l} almylk}hnj qclhy d|}hm }plnahnj aykdkqhmk``x. Ieqc jye|p} }llf qcl }kdl jek`7 qe }|yye|na qcld}l`rl} zhqc d|}hm qckq qclx `erl nlky`x menqhn|e|}`x qe ckrl kn ‐hnrh}hi`l eymcl}qyk— mkpki`l eb p`kxhnj knx q|nl kmmedpknx qcld. B|nakdlnqk``x d|}hm h} lsmhqhnj kna |nhrly}k`. Blz plep`l kyl neq }qhyyla ix }edl jlnyl eb d|}hm. Dknx plep`l dx}l`b hnm`|ala bhy}q |}la qcl qlmcne`ejx k} k nerl`qx. Zl kyl neq |}la ilhnj ki`l qe }lna MA {|k`hqx d|}hm qe k byhlna en qcl eqcly }hal eb qcl p`knlq+ I|q qcl dl}chnj eb }edlqchnj k} meyl qe c|dknhqx k} d|}hm zhqc }edlqchnj k} flx qe e|y zeyf `hrl} k} k medp|qly zh`` cl`p dkfl e|y `hrl} deyl c|dknl. Dx ply}enk` jek` hn qcl ahjhqk` d|}hm ylre`|qhen h} qckq plep`l lrlyxzclyl zh`` jlq qe `h}qln qe k`` fhna} eb d|}hm qclx ylk``x `hfl zclnlrly qclx zknq. Enl hnqlyl}qhnj myhqh{|l qckq plep`l ebqln ckrl eb ahjhqk` d|}hm h} qckq hq h} hnqknjhi`l. H zk} enml qlkmchnj k m`k}} eb chjc }mcee` }q|alnq hn Nlz Lnj`kna kie|q nlz dlahk kna zckq qcl Hnqlynlq zk} jehnj qe ae qe d|}hm en`hnl. Zcln H }cezla qcl m`k}} qcl nlz Ahkdena Yhe p`kxly zhqc ne derhnj pkyq} k jhy` ykh}la cly ckna. ]cl lsp`khnla qckq }cl ze|`a nlrly |}l }|mc k alrhml ilmk|}l }cl me|`a neq qe|mc qcl d|}hm kna zknqla qe il ki`l qe ce`a qcl MA ey qkpl hn cly ckna. ]|ypyh}la H pk|}la. H cka neq qce|jcq kie|q men}|dly hnq|hqhen yljkyahnj d|}hm. @kqly hq ilmkdl m`lky qe dl zckq qcl jhy`‘} h}}|l zk}. ]cl cka jyezn |p hn kn lyk zclyl qcl rk}q dkgeyhqx eb d|}hm }cl p|ymck}la mkdl byed qknjhi`l dlahk

k}}|dhnj qckq de}q plep`l en`x je qe `hrl menmlyq} }e ebqln. Bey cly d|}hm zk} hnq|hqhrl`x kie|q qcl pkmfkjhnj. I|q qcl hyenx zk} fh``hnj dl+ H ylk`hwla qckq qcl jhy` cka illn medp`khnhnj kie|q cez |nnkq|yk` ahjhqk` k|ahe zk} zch`l alblnahnj qcl MA+ ]cl aha neq ylk`hwl qckq lrln qcl kmq eb lnmkp}|`kqhnj d|}hm eb ylmeyahnj kna pkmfkjhnj hq h} |nnkq|yk`. _lep`l zlyl }cemfla ix Qcedk} Lah}en‘} q|yn eb qcl mlnq|yx ‐pcenejykpc— qckq me|`a ylmeya }pllmc kna }enj hn jyeerl} en k zks mx`hnaly. ]|yl`x qch} zk} neq qcl ‐nkq|yk`— beyd bey d|}hm. Qcl kn}zly h} qckq hnq|hqhen} kie|q d|}hm kna hq} al`hrlyx zh`` ckrl qe mcknjl }`ez`x k} qcl m|`q|yl kaepq} qe hq. Qe qeakx‘} xe|njly mch`ayln d|}hm byed k alrhml `hfl k Yhe qckq me|`a p`kx k`` eb qclhy bkreyhql d|}hm dhjcq dkfl bky deyl }ln}l qckn k m`|d}x MA ey qkpl p`kxly bey zchmc qclx ckrl qe ckrl zhqc qcld hn pcx}hmk` beyd qcl pkyqhm|`ky jye|p eb }enj} qclx zknq qe p`kx. B|q|yl Qylna} Hq h} dx il`hlb qckq qlmcne`ejx h} jehnj qe dkfl iyekamk}qhnj en qcl Hnqlynlq k} lk}x k} p|}chnj k i|qqen. Kyqh}q} zh`` il ki`l qe mclkp`x pyea|ml plybeyd ah}qyhi|ql kna }l`` qclhy d|}hm qe k j`eik` k|ahlnml7 k be`f kyqh}q hn Ef`kcedk dhjcq alrl`ep k }qyenj be``ezhnj hn ]yh @knfk kna bkn} me|`a rhyq|k``x kqqlna `hrl menmlyq} en k qe|y. Zhqc qlmcne`ejx k} kn lnki`hnj qlmcne`ejx bey p|i`hmkqhen ah}qyhi|qhen kna }k`l} enl dkgey h}}|l yldkhn}7 dkyflqhnj. Bey k} eb nez qch} h} qcl ihjjl}q k``x eb qcl ylmeya `kil`. @kyjl ylmeya `kil`} fnez cez qe jlq k }enj p`kxla en qcl ykahe p|q hn `kyjl ykmf} kq Qezly Ylmeya} kna p|}c d|}hm e|q qe lrlyx meynly eb  qcl zey`a. ]dk`` ikna} kna ‐hnax— `kil`} ckrl be|na hq rlyx ahbbhm|`q qe jlq qch} fhna eb merlykjl i|q qch} h} neq nlml}}kyh`x ilmk|}l qclhy d|}hm h} ika. Hn}qlka hq h} ilmk|}l qclx ae neq ckrl lne|jc yl}e|yml} qe ‐mkyplq$iedi— qcl p`knlq zhqc qclhy menqlnq hn qcl }kdl zkx qcl dkgey} mkn. Blz ckrl ylk`hwla hq i|q qlmcne`ejx mkn ei}e`lql qch} h}}|l qee $$ bey qcl ylk` p|ype}l eb dkyflqhnj h} qe dkfl lrlyxieax zce ze|`a il hnqlyl}qla hn k jhrln pyea|mq kzkyl eb hq kna qe mylkql kn hnqlnqhen qe p|ymck}l qcl pyea|mq. Qclyl lsh}q} k qlmcne`ejx mk``la ‐me``kieykqhrl bh`qlyhnj— #hdp`ldlnqla hn phlml} eb  }ebqzkyl mk``la ‐ylmeddlnakqhen lnjhnl}—( qckq mkn dkfl qce}l `hfl`x qe lngex k pyea|mq kzkyl eb hq. Clyl h} cez hq zeyf}7 K} k |}ly jel} qe k }hql kna `h}qln} qe }edl phlml} eb d|}hm qcl }hql fllp} qykmf eb zckq d|}hm }cl ck} `h}qlnla qe kna medpkyl} hq qe qcl phlml} eb d|}hm qckq eqcly |}ly} ckrl `h}qlnla qe. K} hq q|yn} e|q plep`l qlna qe jye|p zl``7 qclyl kyl {|hql `hfl`x k `eq eb plep`l e|q qclyl zce ckrl }hdh`ky qk}ql} hn d|}hm cezlrly

lmmlnqyhm ey l}eqlyhm qclx dkx qchnf qclhy qk}ql}. ]e hb H neqhml k |}ly zce ckql} me|nqyx d|}hm i|q `erl} mlyqkhn k`qlynkqhrl ikna} H zh`` jye|p qcld zhqc eqcly |}ly} zce bhq qcl }kdl pyebh`l7 hb H bhna qckq k `eq eb plep`l hn qckq jye|p kyl ylk``x lngexhnj qch} enl yljjkl phlml H dkx }|jjl}q hq qe qcl |}ly lrln hb qcl |}ly ahan‘q neydk``x `h}qln qe qckq jlnyl eb d|}hm. Hb H zlyl qe mylkql k ply}enk`hwla ykahe }qkqhen qckq }qylkdla k|ahe qe plep`l kna `lkynla zckq d|}hm qclx aha kna aha neq `hfl ik}la en qclhy m`hmfhnj ‐nlsq }enj— ey neq H me|`a }qkyq qe }qylkd qe qcld en`x qcl d|}hm H ze|`a il yl`kqhrl`x menbhalnq qckq qclx `hfla. Qch} fhna eb enl$qe$enl dkyflqhnj me|`a ebbly yl`kqhrl`x |nfnezn ikna} ykpha pep|`kyhqx zhqce|q }plnahnj k ae``ky en karlyqh}hnj7 ‐k|qedkqla zeya$eb$de|qc— h} kneqcly zkx qe plymlhrl qch} qlmcne`ejx. Nlz d|}hm hn qch} zkx jlq} ykpha`x lspe}la qe qce}l de}q kdlnki`l qe hq. ]e zckq‘} `lbq bey k ylmeya medpknx5 Hnalplnalnq ‐zli `kil`}— kyl }hjnhnj nen$ lsm`|}hrl menqykmq} zhqc kyqh}q} `lbq kna yhjcq jhrhnj byll kna zhal}pylka lspe}|yl qe qcl Nlq k|ahlnml. Zhqce|q qcl nlla bey lspln}hrl }q|ahe qhdl kna hn pe}}l}}hen eb qclhy ezn ah}qyhi|qhen kna }k`l} dlmcknh}d} kyqh}q} zh`` alplna en `kil`} d|mc `l}} qckn qclx ae nez. H bhna hq `hfl`x qckq hn qcl b|q|yl qclyl zh`` il k p`lqceyk eb }dk`` ylmeya `kil`} k`` }lyrhnj |p k rk}q n|dily eb kyqh}q} de}q eb zchmc mkn k`}e il be|na en eqcly }hql}. Men}|dly} zh`` je qcl }hql qclx kyl de}q medbeyqki`l zhqc kna iyez}l d|}hm |}|k``x qkfhnj k pllf qe }ll zckq qclhy ‐d|}hm karh}ey— ck} }|jjl}qla bey qcl zllf. _lep`l me|`a g|}q `lkrl qcl ‐zli ykahe— p`kxhnj hn qcl ikmfjye|na emmk}henk``x m`hmfhnj qe }fhp k }enj qclx aen‘q `hfl ey qe i|x k }enj qckq qclx aha `hfl. #I|xhnj k }enj clyl dlkn} p|ymck}hnj qcl yhjcq qe p`kx k jhrln }enj zclnlrly xe| zh}c bey qcl yl}q eb xe|y `hbl.( Qcl `kyjl ylmeya `kil`} zh`` menqhn|l qe lsh}q hn qcl b|q|yl i|q qclx zh`` neq qcyhrl |n`l}} qclx zce`lclkyqla`x ldiykml en`hnl k|ahe ah}qyhi|qhen mkn pyerhal }lyrhml} }lyrhml} qy|`x kierl kna ilxena qcl ‐zli `kil`}— `kil`}— kna mkn menqhn|l qe lsm`|}hrl`x lsm`|}hrl`x kqqykmq qep d|}hmk` qk`lnq qe }l`` qe men}|dly}.

Qcl J|q} eb D|}hm Qlmcne`ejx  Hn qch} }lmqhen kna qcl enl} be``ezhnj qchnj} kyl jehnj qe jlq hnmylk}hnj`x qlmcnhmk`. H‘d jehnj qe }qkyq ebb pylqqx }hdp`l kna }`ez`x ykdp |p qe }edl men}halyki`x hnre`rla qephm} }e p`lk}l bll` byll qe }fhp qcl pkyq} qckq xe| k`ylkax fnez qe jlq qe qcl g|hmx }q|bb. Hq‘} pe}}hi`l qckq xe| dkx bhna }edl pkyq} erlyzcl`dhnj. Aen‘q zeyyx xe|y}l`b qee d|mc kie|q hq6 g|}q bll` byll qe }hdp`x }fhd. Qe dkfl qch} lk}x bey xe| H‘rl ie`ala qcl flx albhnhqhen} qcye|jce|q qcl qlsq. Kna hb xe| jlq ieyla5 G|}q je qe qcl nlsq mckpqly. Neieax‘} {|hwwhnj xe| en qch}+ Ahjhqk` K|ahe Ik}hm} Medp|qly} zeyf ix pk}}hnj }dk`` mckyjl} qcye|jc k`|dhn|d qylnmcl} lqmcla hn }h`hmen kna }cerhnj qcl}l mckyjl} qcye|jc rkyhe|} jkql}7 HB qch} mckyjl h} clyl KNA qckq enl h} qee QCLN qcl mchp zh`` mylkql k mckyjl hn kneqcly p`kml. Qcl medp|qly ael} k`` eb hq} medp|qkqhen} hn enl} kna wlyel}. Hnqljly} `hfl $1 ;< ? ey = mkn il ylpyl}lnqla zhqc medihnkqhen} eb enl} kna wlyel} hn kn kyhqcdlqhm }x}qld mk``la ihnkyx. ihnkyx. C|dkn} neydk``x |}l k ‐almhdk`— }x}qld zhqc qln }xdie`} ply }pkml7 zl me|nq ; 9 =3 8 ;? ;; kna }e en. Hn qcl ihnkyx }x}qld qclyl kyl en`x qze }xdie`} ply }pkml7 enl me|nq} ; ;? ;; ;?? ;?; ;;? ;;; ;??? lqm.+ Hb qcl medp|qly h} qe |naly}qkna cez qe }qeyl d|}hm d|}hm d|}q il ylpyl}lnqla k} k }lyhl} eb enl} kna wlyel}. Cez mkn zl ae qch}5 Zl`` enl qchnj qe fllp hn dhna qcye|jce|q k`` eb qch} ah}m|}}hen h} qckq zl‘yl jehnj qe il bem|}hnj en dkfhnj d|}hm bey c|dkn} qe clky. Zch`l qckq dkx }e|na qyhql qckq zh`` k``ez |} qe ‐mclkq— kna qcyez e|q qcl pkyq} eb qcl d|}hm qcl plep`l mkn‘q clky7 k aej dhjcq neq il ki`l qe kppylmhkql Dewkyq k} d|mc kbqly zl‘yl aenl zhqc qchnj} i|q hb hq }e|na} g|}q qcl }kdl qe kn krlykjl Gknl qcln zl‘rl kmmedp`h}cla e|y qy|l dh}}hen $ qe ckrl ylk`h}qhm d|}hm medl byed k medp|qly+ Zl bhy}q nlla qe |naly}qkna zckq }e|na h}. Zcln xe| clky k }e|na `hfl k qykhn zch}q`l ey xe|y bkreyhql chp$cep kyqh}q xe|y lkyay|d h} jlqqhnj }{|h}cla hn kna e|q ix khy. ]plkfly} zch}q`l} rehml} kna knxqchnj l`}l qckq dkfl} }e|na ylplkqla`x }{|h}cl} khy kna qcln ael}n‘q. Zcln qcl }e|na jlq} qe xe|y lky hq p|}cl} xe|y lkyay|d hn kna e|q. Hb qcl khy jlq} }{|h}cla hn kna e|q kq k men}qknq ykql `hfl 11? qhdl} k }lmena xe|‘`` clky k men}qknq qenl `hfl zcln }edlenl zch}q`l} k }hnj`l neql. Qcl bk}qly qcl khy jlq} }{|h}cla hn kna e|q qcl chjcly qenl xe| clky6 `hflzh}l qcl `ez ik}} qenl} eb k ay|d }{|h}c qcl khy hn kna e|q rlyx }`ez`x kie|q
clky }e|na} k} `ez k} 9?Cw kna k} chjc k} 9?fCw. K`}e qcl deyl rhe`lnq`x qcl khy h} medpyl}}la kna almedpyl}}la qcl `e|aly qcl }hjnk` h}. Nez zl mkn |naly}qkna zckq k dhmyepcenl ael}. K dhmyepcenl men}h}q} eb k qchn ahkpcykjd qckq kmq} k `eq `hfl xe|y lkyay|d7 k} d|}hm h} ilhnj p`kxla qcl ahkpcykjd eb qcl dhmyepcenl jlq} p|}cla hn kna e|q. Qcl deyl p|}cla hn qcl ahkpcykjd h} qcl deyl l`lmqyhmk` mckyjl qcl dhmyepcenl }lna} ikmf qe qcl alrhml hnqe zchmc xe|‘rl p`|jjla xe|y dhm. Zckq hb xe| p`|j qcl dhm hnqe xe|y medp|qly5 Qcl medp|qly h} jeea kq alk`hnj zhqc ah}mylql n|dily} k`}e fnezn k} ahjhqk` hnbeydkqhen hnbeydkqhen i|q qcl kde|nq qckq qcl dhmyepcenl h} ilhnj medpyl}}la h} k`zkx} mcknjhnj6 hq h} knk`ej hnbeydkqhen hnbeydkqhen.. Qclyl h} k }dk`` phlml eb ckyazkyl hn k medp|qly qckq k``ez} hq qe ylmeya d|}hm byed k dhmyepcenl7 hq h} k mk``la kn Knk`ej qe Ahjhqk` Menrlyqly ey KAM bey }ceyq. Hq h} hdpe}}hi`l bey |} qe ylmeya k }deeqc }hjnk` k} enl} kna wlyel} kna ylpyea|ml hq plyblmq`x en k medp|qly. Qcl KAM ael} neq kqqldpq qe plyblmq`x ylmeya qcl }hjnk`. Hn}qlka }lrlyk` qce|}kna qhdl} k }lmena hq qkfl} k pllf kq cez }{|h}cla hn qcl dhmyepcenl h}. Qcl ykql kq zchmc H mclmf en qcl dhmyepcenl h} mk``la qcl }kdp`hnj ykql. ykql. Hb qcl dhmyepcenl h} ;??, }{|h}cla hn zl‘`` jhrl hq qcl n|dily 21???. Hb qcl dhmyepcenl h} neq }{|h}cla hn kq k`` zl‘`` jhrl hq k ? kna zl‘`` k}}hjn hq k n|dily meyyl}penahnj`x bey hn$ilqzlln rk`|l}7 ck`bzkx }{|h}cla hn ze|`a dlyhq k =9???. Zl mk`` qcl}l rk`|l} }kdp`l}. }kdp`l}. Qcl Nx{|h}q Qcleyld }kx} qckq k} `enj k} e|y }kdp`hnj ykql h} qzhml qcl byl{|lnmx eb chjcl}q qenl zl zknq qe ylmeya zl‘`` il ki`l qe kmm|ykql`x ylpyea|ml qcl qenl. ]hnml c|dkn} mkn‘q clky knxqchnj chjcly qckn 99fCw hb zl qkfl }kdp`l qcl dhmyepcenl 11??? qhdl} k }lmena zl‘`` il ki`l qe ylpyea|ml qcl chjcl}q qenl} qckq plep`l mkn clky. Hn bkmq MA} }kdp`l kq 11.;fCw kna k} }|jjl}qla kierl }qeyl qcl kde|nq qcl dhmyepcenl zk} }{|h}cla k} k n|dily ilqzlln ? kna 2<<=2 |}hnj ;2 enl} kna wlye} ey ihq} ihq} bey lrlyx }kdp`l. Hn qch} zkx zl‘a }kx qckq MA} ckrl k }kdp`l yl}e`|qhen eb ;2 ihq}. K`` eb qch} akqk lna} |p qkfhnj k jylkq alk` eb }pkml7 hb zl }kdp`l k `lbq kna k yhjcq mcknnl` bey }qlyle }e|na kq 11.;fCw |}hnj ;2 ihq} bey lrlyx }kdp`l qckq‘} ;.1 dh``hen ihq} bey lrlyx }lmena eb d|}hm+ En k 93.3 deald hq ze|`a qkfl xe| erly
plyblmq`x ylpyea|ml lrlyx ihq7 hb xe| medpyl}} k aem|dlnq qe p|q hq en k b`eppx hq cka ilqqly neq il dh}}hnj knxqchnj zcln xe| almedpyl}} hq en k byhlna‘} dkmchnl+ Medpyl}}hen k`jeyhqcd} zeyf il}q zcln qclx fnez zckq qclx kyl medpyl}}hnj. ]plmhk`hwla k`jeyhqcd} mkn }{|h}c aezn rhale qe kn ;?? qc eb hq} eyhjhnk` }hwl kna plep`l ye|qhnl`x |}l qcl JHB kna G_LJ medpyl}}hen beydkq} qe yla|ml qcl }hwl eb phmq|yl} en qcl zli. Qcl}l beydkq} kyl `e}}x6 `e}}x6 qckq h} qe }kx qclx al}qyex }edl akqk. Hb xe| }mkn hn k ilk|qhb|``x alqkh`la phmq|yl kna }{|h}c hq aezn qe k }dk`` JHB bh`l xe| zh`` }ll qckq qclyl kyl neqhmlki`l ahbblylnml} ilqzlln qcl eyhjhnk` kna qcl medpyl}}la rly}hen} i|q hn jlnlyk` hq h} qcyezhnj kzkx qcl hnbeydkqhen qckq h} `l}} hdpeyqknq bey xe|y lxl qe }ll qe |naly}qkna zckq qcl phmq|yl h} kie|q. Hn qcl }kdl zkx zl zh`` jlq d|mc ilqqly medpyl}}hen eb }e|na hb zl |}l kna k`jeyhqcd qckq |naly}qkna} qcl zkx qckq plep`l clky kna al}qyex} qcl pkyq} eb  qcl }e|na qckq zl mknneq plymlhrl. K`ylkax zl ckrl aenl qch} hn k }dk`` zkx ix hjneyhnj knx }e|na} kierl 99fCw. Zl dhjcq ckrl aenl qchnj} ahbblylnq`x hb zl zlyl dkfhnj kn k|ahe }x}qld bey k aej ey k zck`l6 zl ckrl k`ylkax lsp`ehqla }edl fnez`lajl eb qcl c|dkn lky qe e|y karknqkjl nez hq medl} qhdl bey |} qe b|yqcly |}l qch} fnez`lajl qe medpyl}} qcl }e|na. \naly}qknahnj Be|yhly Hn eyaly qe medpyl}} qcl }e|na zl nlla qe |naly}qkna zckq pkyq} kyl efkx qe qcyez kzkx6 qckq h} qe }kx zckq qcl `lk}q hdpeyqknq pkyq} eb qcl }e|na kyl. Qckq zkx zl mkn fllp qcl de}q hdpeyqknq pkyq} eb qcl }e|na }e zl mkn }qylkd qcld `hrl qcye|jc }kx k 93.3f deald. Nez k} hq q|yn} e|q }e|na h} rlyx qenk`. Qch} dlkn} qckq }e|na} qlna qe dkhnqkhn qclhy phqmc bey plyhea} eb qhdl7 k qy|dplq zh`` p`kx k neql bey ck`b$ }lmena6 k phkne zh`` }e|na k mceya lqm. Hb H zlyl qe zch}q`l kn –K‘ bey }lmena xe|y lkyay|d dkx il zhjj`hnj hn kna e|q rlyx {|hmf`x i|q qcl qenl }qkx} men}qknq. Zch`l ylmeyahnj qcl ‐zhjj`hnj— eb qcl }hjnk` jehnj hn kna e|q ze|`a qkfl k jylkq alk` eb n|dily} qe al}myhil hn qch} mk}l hq ze|`a il d|mc }hdp`ly qe }hdp`x ylmeya qcl qenl kna cez `enj hq zlnq bey h.l. ‐11?Cw #qckq‘} K+( bey ;.? }lmena}.— Hn qch} zkx H‘rl ylp`kmla c|nayla} eb qce|}kna} eb n|dily} zhqc qze n|dily}. Zch`l m`lky`x de}q }hjnk`} kyl neq }e medpyl}}hi`l qcl menmlpq kpp`hl}7 }e|na pyl}}|yl pyl}}|yl ey qcl kde|nq qckq xe|y lkyay|d h} medpyl}}la mcknjl} rlyx ykpha`x #qln} eb qce|}kna} eb qhdl} k }lmena( zch`l byl{|lnmx hnbeydkqhen ey qcl qenl} qckq kyl pyl}lnq hn k phlml eb d|}hm qlna neq qe mcknjl rlyx byl{|lnq`x #=9 neql} ply }lmena h} pylqqx bk}q bey k phknh}q+(. Hb zl en`x cka k zkx qe `eef kq }e|na hn qcl byl{|lnmx aedkhn aedkhn zl me|`a pyeiki`x jlq lsml``lnq medpyl}}hen.

@|mfh`x bey |} G. I. Ge}lpc Be|yhly k ;8qc mlnq|yx dkqcldkqhmhkn mkdl |p zhqc k nhbqx zkx bey qykn}beydhnj k mc|nf eb }kdp`l} hnqe qclhy yl}plmqhrl byl{|lnmhl}. Zch`l al}myhihnj qcl dlqcea hn alqkh` ck} emm|phla dknx jyka|kql$`lrl` l`lmqyhmk` lnjhnllyhnj ieef} qcl menmlpq h} }qykhjcqbeyzkya7 hb H qkfl k }dk`` mc|nf eb k|ahe }kdp`l} byed qcl dhmyepcenl k} xe| kyl zch}q`hnj H qkfl qcl ah}mylql n|dily} qckq al}myhihnj qcl dhmyepcenl‘} }qkql kna y|n hq qcye|jc k Ah}mylql Be|yhly Qykn}beyd Qykn}beyd k`}e fnezn k} k ABQ. ABQ. Zckq H jlq e|q h} k }lq eb  n|dily} qckq al}myhil zckq byl{|lnmhl} kyl pyl}lnq hn qcl }hjnk` kna cez }qyenj qclx kyl h.l. ‐Qclyl h} k rlyx `e|a qenl p`kxhnj kn K- kna qclyl h} k {|hlq J b`kq qee.‐ H mk`` qcl mc|nf eb }kdp`l} qckq H blla qcl ABQ dx hnp|q zhnaez. zhnaez. Qclyl h} kn hnqlyl}qhnj qykalebb clyl7 hb H qkfl k `enj hnp|q zhnaez dlknhnj H ylmeya k `enj mc|nf eb k|ahe byed qcl dhmyepcenl kna y|n hq k`` qcye|jc qcl ABQ kq enml H‘`` il ki`l qe phmf e|q zckq qenl k |}ly zk} zch}q`hnj zhqc jylkq pylmh}hen. Kna g|}q `hfl zhqc plep`l hb H en`x `lq qcl medp|qly clky k }e|na bey k }ceyq dedlnq hq zh`` ckrl peey byl{|lnmx yl}e`|qhen yl}e`|qhen h.l. hq zh`` il ahbbhm|`q bey hq qe ql`` zckq qenl zk} zch}q`la. @hflzh}l hb H‘d qyxhnj qe nkh` aezn lskmq`x zcln k |}ly iljhn} qe zch}q`l hnqe k dhmyepcenl hb H qkfl }ceyq zhnaez} H‘`` il ki`l qe phmf e|q m`e}l qe qcl lskmq qhdl zcln qclx }qkyqla qe zch}q`l6 i|q hb H qkfl rlyx `enj zhnaez} qcl Be|yhly qykn}beyd zen‘q ql`` dl zcln k qenl iljkn en`x cez `e|a hq h}. H‘a ckrl qye|i`l nkh`hnj aezn zcln hq iljkn kna me|`a il }kha qe ckrl peey qhdl yl}e`|qhen. yl}e`|qhen. Byl{|lnmx yl}e`|qhen kna qhdl yl}e`|qhen zeyf kjkhn}q lkmc eqcly7 qcl deyl xe| nlla qe fnez lskmq`x zcln k }e|na ckpplnla qcl `l}} xe| fnez zckq qenl hq h}6 qcl deyl lskmq`x xe| nlla qe fnez zckq byl{|lnmhl} kyl pyl}lnq hn k }hjnk` qcl `l}} pylmh}l`x xe| fnez qcl qhdl kq zchmc qce}l byl{|lnmhl} }qkyqla ey }qeppla. K} k ylk` zey`a lskdp`l eb zclyl qch} h} kpp`hmki`l Dhmye}ebq‘} D] K|ahe 1 mealm |}l} rlyx `enj zhnaez}. K} k yl}|`q d|}hm lnmeala hn qckq beydkq h} iyhjcq kna mkpq|yl} pyeply`x qcl qenl eb d|}hm i|q {|hmf }ckyp }e|na} `hfl ckna m`kp} chckq} ey mxdik`} }e|na d|}cx kna aykzn e|q. Qcl}l fhna} eb {|hmf i|y}q} eb  }e|na kyl mk``la qykn}hlnq} hn qcl k|ahe medpyl}}hen zey`a. @kqly en zl‘`` `lkyn cez D_= alk`} zhqc qch}. #KKM kna KM$= |}l }hdh`ky qlmcnh{|l} qe D_=.( Hn ;82< qze pyejykddly} G. Q|flx kna G. Mee`lx hnrlnqla k zkx qe plybeyd Be|yhly qykn}beyd} k `eq bk}qly qckn cka illn aenl ilbeyl. Qclx almhala qe mk`` qch} k`jeyhqcd qcl Bk}q Be|yhly Qykn}beyd Qykn}beyd ey BBQ BBQ.. Xe| zh`` `hfl`x clky qch} qlyd |}la {|hql k ihq hn medpyl}}hen `hqlykq|yl qe ylbly qe qcl Be|yhly qykn}beyd #qcl pyeml}} eb `eefhnj kq zckq qenl} kyl pyl}lnq hn k }e|na(.

Qcl Ihe`ejx eb Clkyhnj Nez qckq zl |naly}qkna cez medp|qly} `h}qln qe }e|na} kna cez byl{|lnmhl} zeyf zl mkn iljhn qe |naly}qkna cez qcl c|dkn lky kmq|k``x clky} }e|na. ]e H‘d jehnj qe qkfl k ihq eb k ‐qhdl e|q— byed k`` eb qch} qk`f kie|q medp|qly qlmcne`ejx qe lsp`khn }edl eb qcl ik}hm} eb lky ihe`ejx. K} H dlnqhenla ilbeyl zcln }e|na zkrl} qykrl` qcye|jc qcl khy qclx mk|}l qcl lkyay|d qe rhiykql p|}chnj hn kna e|q eb qcl lky mknk`. Qcl ikmf eb qcl lkyay|d h} kqqkmcla qe kn k}}ldi`x eb qcl qcyll }dk``l}q ienl} hn xe|y ieax fnezn k} qcl ckddly knrh` kna }qhyy|p. Qcl}l qcyll ienl} kyl pyl}}la |p kjkhn}q kn erk` }lmqhen eb k }phyk` b`|ha mkrhqx hn xe|y hnnly lky }ckpla `hfl k }nkh` }cl`` fnezn k} qcl memc`lk. memc`lk. #Memc`lk h} kmq|k``x @kqhn bey ‐}nkh` }cl``+—( Qcl rhiykqhen} byed qcl ienl} p|}chnj kjkhn}q qcl erk` zhnaez eb qcl memc`lk mk|}l ckhy} zhqchn qcl memc`lk qe rhiykql. Alplnahnj en qcl byl{|lnmx eb qcl rhiykqhen} ahbblylnq }lq} eb  ckhy} hn qcl memc`lk rhiykql7 chjc qenl} lsmhql qcl ckhy} nlky qcl ik}l eb qcl memc`lk zch`l `ez qenl} lsmhql qcl ckhy} kq qcl mlnqly eb qcl memc`lk. Zcln qcl ckhy} rhiykql qclx }lna l`lmqyhmk` }hjnk`} qe qcl iykhn6 qcl iykhn qcln plymlhrl} qcl}l }hjnk`} k} }e|na. Qcl k}q|ql ylkaly dkx neqhml qckq qch} dlkn} qckq qcl lky h} hq}l`b plybeydhnj k Be|yhly qykn}beyd eb }eyq}+ Qcl hnmedhnj }hjnk` #qcl rhiykqhen} eb qcl khy zkrl}( h} iyefln |p hnqe byl{|lnmx medpenlnq} kna qykn}dhqqla qe qcl iykhn. Qch} dlkn} qckq qchnfhnj kie|q }e|na hn qlyd} eb byl{|lnmx h} neq en`x |}lb|` ilmk|}l eb qcl qenk`hqx eb d|}hm i|q k`}e ilmk|}l hq meyyl}pena} qe cez zl kmq|k``x plymlhrl }e|na+ Qcl }ln}hqhrhqx eb qcl memc`lky ckhy} h} dhna$iejj`hnj. Qcl c|dkn lky mkn }ln}l k} `hqq`l k} k phmezkqq eb lnlyjx ply }{|kyl beeq eb }e|na medpyl}}hen i|q mkn qkfl |p qe k b|`` zkqq eb lnlyjx ilbeyl }qkyqhnj qe bll` pkhn. Rh}|k`hwl ayepphnj k jykhn eb }kna en k c|jl }cllq kna ilhnj ki`l qe }ln}l hq. Nez rh}|k`hwl ayepphnj kn lnqhyl ilkmcb|` eb  }kna enqe qcl }kdl }cllq zhqce|q qcl }cllq qlkyhnj kna k`}e ilhnj ki`l qe }ln}l qckq. Qch} ki}|ya`x `kyjl yknjl eb  }mk`l} nlml}}hqkqla qcl mylkqhen eb k nlz }x}qld eb  kme|}qhm dlk}|yldlnq mk``la qcl il` il` nkdla kbqly qcl hnrlnqey eb qcl ql`lpcenl K`lsknaly Jykckd Il``. Hb enl }e|na h} k il` `e|aly qckn kneqcly hq h} qln qhdl} `e|aly. Hb k }e|na h} qze il`} `e|aly qckn kneqcly hq h} k c|nayla qhdl} `e|aly qckn qcl bhy}q. Hb k }e|na h} qcyll il`} `e|aly qckn kneqcly hq h} k qce|}kna qhdl} `e|aly. Jlq hq5 K il` meyyl}pena} ye|jc`x qe cezlrly dknx ahjhq} qclyl kyl kbqly qcl bhy}q ahjhq. K }e|na ;????? qhdl} `e|aly qckn kneqcly ze|`a dlkn qclyl zk} < il`} eb ahbblylnml. Qch} }x}qld `lq} |} alk`

zhqc dknkjlki`x }dk`` n|dily} qckq mkn ylpyl}lnq rlyx `kyjl n|dily}. Dkqcldkqhmhkn} mk`` qcl}l `ejkyhqcdhm n|dilyhnj }x}qld}. _lep`l qykahqhenk``x ckrl |}la ‐qlnqc} eb il`}— ey almhil`} #aI( aI( qe al}myhil yl`kqhrl }e|na }qylnjqc}. Hn qch} }x}qld enl }e|na qckq zk} 9?aI `e|aly qckn kneqcly ze|`a il 9 il`} `e|aly zchmc dlkn} hq h} kmq|k``x ;?? qhdl} `e|aly qckn qcl eqcly. _lep`l kyl medbeyqki`l zhqc }e|na} qckq kyl k qyh``hen qhdl} `e|aly qckn qcl {|hlql}q }e|na} qclx mkn clky+ Qch} meyyl}pena} qe ;9 il`} ey ;9?aI eb  ahbblylnml. VHN]LYQ MCKYQ EB MEDDEN ALMHIL@ @LRL@] CLYLT Hb k }lq eb ckhy} h} lsmhqla hq hdpkhy} qcl kih`hqx eb nlkyix ckhy} qe phmf|p alqkh`la }hjnk`}6 zl‘`` merly qch} hn qcl nlsq }lmqhen. Hq‘} k`}e zeyqc neqhnj qckq e|y iykhn jye|p} qcl}l ckhy} hnqe 9< byl{|lnmx ikna} mk``la myhqhmk` ikna}7 ikna}7 qch} zk} ah}merlyla ix #5K|}qyhkn5( kme|}qhm yl}lkymcly} Wzhmfly B`eqqeyp kna ]qlrln} hn ;8<:. Zl‘`` ylrhlz myhqhmk` ikna} k ihq `kqly en. Nez l{|hppla zhqc k ik}hm fnez`lajl eb qcl b|nmqhenhnj eb qcl lky zl mkn qkmf`l |naly}qknahnj qcl pkyq} eb k }e|na `l}} hdpeyqknq qe qcl lky. _}xmcekme|}qhm Dk}fhnj Xe|y lky kakpq} qe qcl }e|na} hn qcl lnrhyendlnq kye|na xe|. Hb k`` h} }qh`` kna {|hlq xe| mkn clky k qzhj }nkp c|nayla} eb bllq kzkx. I|q zcln xe|‘yl kq k menmlyq zhqc yemf d|}hm i`kyhnj hq mkn il ahbbhm|`q qe clky xe|y byhlna zce h} }ce|qhnj yhjcq hnqe xe|y lky. Qch} h} mk``la dk}fhnj dk}fhnj ilmk|}l qcl `e|aly }e|na} dk}f qcl {|hlqly }e|na}. Qclyl kyl }lrlyk` ahbblylnq fhna} eb dk}fhnj qckq emm|y hn qcl c|dkn lky. Neydk` Dk}fhnj Xe|y lky eirhe|}`x ck} mlyqkhn hnclylnq qcyl}ce`a}7 xe| mkn‘q clky k de}{|hqe i|wwhnj < dh`l} kzkx lrln hn medp`lql }h`lnml lrln qce|jc qcleylqhmk``x hq dhjcq il pe}}hi`l qe ae hq zhqc }|bbhmhlnq`x }ln}hqhrl hn}qy|dlnqkqhen. Qcl c|dkn lky h} k`}e deyl }ln}hqhrl qe }edl byl{|lnmhl} qckn qe eqcly}7 e|y il}q clkyhnj h} kye|na 1???Cw |n}|ypyh}hnj`x neq qee bky byed qcl byl{|lnmx yknjl eb de}q }pllmc. Hb xe| zlyl qe p`eq k m|yrl jykpchnj qcl {|hlql}q qenl k ply}en mkn clky rly}|} byl{|lnmx k} h} aenl qe qcl yhjcq hq ze|`a `eef `hfl k ‐\— zhqc k `hqq`l aeznzkya} neqmc kye|na 1???Cw. Hnqlyl}qhnj`x lne|jc plep`l zce ckrl `h}qlnla qe qee d|mc `e|a d|}hm ckrl k `|dp hn qch} m|yrl kq 1???Cw zclyl qclx }ce|`a ckrl k neqmc. Qch} h} zcx hq‘} ckya qe clky plep`l qk`f yhjcq kbqly k `e|a menmlyq. Menqhn|la lspe}|yl qe `e|a d|}hm zh`` kmq|k``x plydknlnq`x akdkjl xe|y memc`lky ckhy ml``} kna |n`hfl qcl ckhy en xe|y clka memc`lky ckhy} nlrly jyez ikmf.

Qch} m|yrl nkq|yk``x rkyhl} byed ply}en qe ply}en kna jlq} }dk``ly qcl e`aly qcl }|iglmq h} l}plmhk``x hn qcl chjcly byl{|lnmhl}. Qykn}`kqhen7 e`a plep`l |}|k``x ckrl qye|i`l clkyhnj. Qcleylqhmk``x qch} rkyhknml me|`a il |}la qe mylkql m|}qed medpyl}}hen bey k jhrln ply}en‘} clkyhnj mkpkih`hqx i|q qch} ze|`a yl{|hyl k jylkq alk` eb M_\ cey}lpezly bey k }lyrly al`hrlyhnj 9
s ;?=95 Hn qch} mk}l 1.?9 h} qcl dknqh}}k kna =9 h} qcl }mk`l bkmqey. bkmqey. ]hnml byl{|lnmhl} hn qcl }kdl myhqhmk` ikna kyl qylkqla }hdh`ky`x ix e|y lky zl jhrl qcld k`` qcl }kdl }mk`l bkmqey kna k``emkql k mlyqkhn #bhsla( n|dily eb ihq} qe qcl dknqh}}k eb lkmc. Bey lskdp`l `lq‘} }kx H cka qcl n|dily} ;18.=9 $;=.98 kna ?.;9 ” H‘a }lq k }mk`l bkmqey eb 1 }hnml ;?1 4 ;?? kna e|y `kyjl}q n|dily h} ?.;18=9 s ;?=. Hn qch} zkx H‘d j|kyknqlla qckq k`` eb dx dknqh}}k} zh`` il ilqzlln $; kna ;. H ze|`a lnmeal qcl n|dily} kierl k} ?.;18=9 $?.?;=98 kna ?.???;9 |}hnj k }plmhk` k`jeyhqcd fnezn k} bhsla$pehnq {|knqhwkqhen. {|knqhwkqhen. Ckrl xe| lrly p`kxla qcl jkdl zclyl }edlenl phmf} k n|dily ilqzlln ; kna ;?? kna xe| ckrl qe j|l}} zckq hq h} i|q kyl qe`a hb xe|y j|l}} h} chjc ey `ez5 Lrlyxieax fnez} qckq qcl il}q zkx qe p`kx qch} jkdl h} qe bhy}q j|l}}
Dealyn K|ahe Mealm} Hn qch} }lmqhen zl‘`` qkfl k m`e}l `eef kq dealyn k|ahe mealm} hnm`|ahnj qclhy ch}qeyx cez qclx zeyf cez zl`` qclx plybeyd hn mlyqkhn menahqhen} kna qclhy il}q kylk} eb kpp`hmkqhen. D_LJ$; K|ahe @kxly 9 #D_9( Qch} beydkq `hfl D_= h} fnezn il}q ix hq} bh`l lsqln}hen D_9. D_9 h} qcl k|ahe beydkq |}la en `k}lyah}f}. D_9 zk} al}hjnla bey chjc$ihqykql chjc${|k`hqx kpp`hmkqhen}. Al}phql hq} kjl #hq zk} alrl`epla hn qcl dha$3?‘}( dknx k|ahepch`l} men}haly D_9 qcl m`lknl}q chjcl}q${|k`hqx mealm. Kq kie|q =9?fip} D_9 h} men}halyla qykn}pkylnq. ]e|yml meal bey qcl k`jeyhqcd h} zhal`x krkh`ki`l kna qclyl lsh}q} dknx byll ey `ez$me}q chjc${|k`hqx D_9 lnmealy} p`kxly} kna ckyazkyl hdp`ldlnqkqhen}. Qe qcl il}q eb dx fnez`lajl ne pkqlnq} kyl lnbeymla en qcl D_9 lnmeahnj ey almeahnj k`jeyhqcd} kna knx medpknx ey eyjknhwkqhen h} byll qe |}l hq. D_9 ael} neq plybeyd zl`` kq `ezly ihqykql} ilmedhnj rlyx ahbbhm|`q qe `h}qln qe kq knxqchnj ilnlkqc ;93fip}6 k} }|mc hq h} neq ylmeddlnala bey }qylkdhnj erly ql`lpcenl ey H]AN `hnl}. D_9 h} k yl`kqhrl`x }qykhjcqbezkya k`jeyhqcd kna y|n} {|hmf`x lrln en rlyx e`a medp|qly} #l.j. =32$132}(. D_LJ$; 9 kna 9.< K|ahe @kxly = #D_=( D_= h} plyckp} qcl de}q bkde|} kna zl``$fnezn eb knx eb qcl}l beydkq}. K} dlnqhenla hn qcl hnqyea|mqhen D_= zk} hnrlnqla hn ;838 kq Byk|ncebly HH] Ly`kjln hn Jlydknx. D_= zk} al}hjnla bey }qylkdhnj kpp`hmkqhen} kq `ezly ihqykql} qckn D_9 kna qc|} zk} epqedhwla bey plybeydknml kq ;93fip}. Kq ;2?$;89fip} D_= k|ahe ilmedl} qykn}pkylnq i|q dknx plep`l kyl medbeyqki`l zhqc nlky$MA {|k`hqx ;93fip} bh`l}. Byk|ncebly HH] kna Qcedp}en k Bylnmc men}|dly l`lmqyenhm} medpknx }ckyl qcl pkqlnq} en ieqc D_= lnmeahnj kna almeahnj. Qcedp}en jlnlyk``x ckna`l} k`` D_=$yl`kqla ckyazkyl `hmln}hnj kna Byk|ncebly merly} D_= }ebqzkyl lnmealy `hmln}hnj. Lrln hb xe| zlyl qe zyhql xe|y ezn D_= lnmealy byed }mykqmc xe|‘a }qh`` ckrl qe jlq k `hmln}l byed Byk|ncebly qe }l`` hq7 `hmln}l} kyl ylk}enki`x pyhmla k} lrhalnmla ix k n|dily eb  `ez$me}q D_= lnmeahnj pyejykd} en qcl dkyflq. Byk|ncebly almhala neq qe lnbeyml hq} }ebqzkyl almeahnj pkqlnq k``ezhnj medpknhl} `hfl N|``}ebq #km{|hyla ix Kdlyhmk En`hnl #KE@( hn lky`x ;888( qe pyea|ml byll D_= p`kxly}. Shnj Qlmcne`ejhl} }hnml km{|hyla ix Ylk`Nlqzeyf} hn dha$;888 hdp`ldlnqla k }plmhk` D_= medpyl}}hen k`jeyhqcd qckq me|`a j|l}} cez medp`ls k phlml eb  d|}hm zk} kna mcknjl qcl lnmeahnj ykql kmmeyahnj`x. G|}q k} zl `lkynla hn qcl `k}q mckpqly cez qcl}l k`jeyhqcd} mkn jhrl deyl ihq} qe qcl deyl hdpeyqknq byl{|lnmhl} bey k jhrln mc|nf eb qhdl qch} k`jeyhqcd jhrl} deyl ihq} qe mc|nf}

eb qhdl qckq kyl deyl hdpeyqknq. Hb k }enj zk} rlyx {|hlq bey k }lmena qcl lnmealy ze|`a en`x |}l k blz ihq}7 hb qcl }enj ilmkdl `e|a kna hnqyhmkql qcl lnmealy ze|`a |}l deyl ihq} bey lkmc mc|nf eb d|}hm. Qch} qlmcne`ejx h} mk``la Rkyhki`l Ihqykql Lnmeahnj #RIY(. Zch`l qch} dkfl} }qylkdhnj ahbbhm|`q }hnml qcl }lyrly ze|`a il menqhn|e|}`x mcknjhnj qcl n|dily eb ihq} hq zk} }lnahnj hq dkfl} yl`kqhrl`x }dk`` chjc${|k`hqx bh`l} bey }qeykjl en xe|y ckya ayhrl. ]q|ahl} ckrl xlq qe }cez lskmq`x cez d|mc }pkml RIY }krl} erly men}qknq$ykql lnmeahnj qlmcnh{|l}. D_= k|ahe qlmcne`ejx }qkyq} qe aljykal il`ez <2fip} i|q ilmk|}l eb hq} pep|`kyhqx k n|dily eb }ebqzkyl pkmfkjl} ckrl illn alrl`epla qe }qylkd D_= bh`l} qe deald |}ly} kq =9 91 kna ;2fip}. Eb pkyqhm|`ky neql h} qcl ]ce|qmk}q }qylkdhnj kymchqlmq|yl alrl`epla ix N|``}ebq qckq k``ez} k |}ly qe }qylkd qclhy D_= me``lmqhen }enj$ix$}enj qe k }lyrhml qckq iyekamk}q} qcl }qylkd qe c|nayla} eb `h}qlnly}. Gkmf Debbhq qcln kqqlnahnj V555T \nhrly}hqx zk} pllrla qckq k @hn|s rly}hen zk} neq ebblyla kq qcl jlq$je kna }lq e|q qe zyhql ch} ezn rly}hen qe zchmc cl ze|`a yl`lk}l qcl }e|yml meal. A|iihnj hq ‐hmlmk}q— hq ck} }hnml ilmedl lsqyldl`x pep|`ky hn qcl iyekamk}qhnj medd|nhqx k} alrl`eply} ckrl kaala nlz blkq|yl} kna dkal qcl }ebqzkyl yei|}q. Gkmf‘} ihe kna hnqlyrhlz mkn il be|na hn Mckpqly 8. D_= h} men}halyki`x deyl medp`ls qckn D_9. K} }|mc k _lnqh|d 8? ey ilqqly h} yl{|hyla bey de}q D_= p`kxly} k`qce|jc qclyl kyl ylpeyq} eb lsqyldl`x epqhdhwla D_= p`kxly} y|nnhnj en rlyx bk}q 132}. ]lrlyk` m|}qed Ahjhqk` ]hjnk` _yeml}}ey #A]_ #A]_(( mchp} lsh}q bey D_= p`kxikmf qcl de}q neqki`l eb zchmc h} Dhmyenk} Hnqlydlqk``‘} DK]=
mcknnl` bey ahk`ej|l `lbq kna yhjcq mcknnl`} `lbq kna yhjcq ‐}|yye|na— }plkfly} kna k }|izeebly mcknnl` dkfhnj hq k <.; mcknnl` lnmeahnj }mcldl. Eqcly }mcldl} lsh}q bey aehnj :.9 ;?.9 kna ;9.9 mcknnl` }mcldl} i|q qcl}l kyl lsm`|}hrl`x bey chjc$lna ahjhqk` derhl qclkqly}. Qcl rk}q dkgeyhqx eb Neyqc Kdlyhmkn ARA} en qcl dkyflq qeakx |}l <.; mcknnl` KM$= qe lnmeal qclhy }e|naqykmf}. Hn qcl lky`x 8?‘} Ylk`Nlqzeyf} qcln _yejyl}}hrl Nlqzeyf} zk} |n}kqh}bhla zhqc qcl plybeydknml eb qcl bhy}q qze rly}hen} eb  Ylk`K|ahe kna mkdl qe Ae`ix bey cl`p. Ae`ix ylpkmfkjla KM$= bey Hnqlynlq }qylkdhnj kpp`hmkqhen} kna a|iila hq Ae`ixnlq. Ae`ixnlq. Ylk`K|ahe rly}hen} = 1 kna < zlyl }|i}l{|lnq`x mlnqlyla en qcl Ae`ixnlq mealm kna Ylk` menqhn|la qe aedhnkql qcl k|ahe }qylkdhnj }pkml. Neq `enj kbqly Ylk` `hmln}la Ae`ixnlq bey }qylkdhnj |p}qkyq @h{|ha K|ahe hnfla k alk` zhqc Ae`ix qe jhrl qcld lsm`|}hrl yhjcq} erly Hnqlynlq |}l eb chjc$ihqykql Ae`ixnlq ikyyhnj Ylk` byed lnqlyhnj hnqe qcl chbh ylk`d eb ahjhqk` aezn`ekahnj. Karknmla K|ahe Meahnj #KKM( % D_LJ$1 Kbqly D_LJ @kxly = zk} alrl`epla Byk|ncebly menqhn|la qe karknml qclhy medpyl}}hen yl}lkymc. K} qcl medp`lshqx eb qcl nlz qlmcnh{|l} hnmylk}la hq ilmkdl m`lky qckq hq ze|`a il nhjc hdpe}}hi`l qe dkfl qcl nlsq$jlnlykqhen k|ahe mealy ikmfzkya} medpkqhi`l zhqc qcl pylrhe|} }e|na `kxly}. K} }|mc qcl pyeqeqxpl mealy zk} mealnkdla NIM bey ‐Neq Ikmfzkya} Medpkqhi`l.— #Lnjhnlly} kyl neq plyckp} chyla bey qclhy mylkqhrl nkdhnj qk`lnq}.( NIM zk} plyblmqla erly }lrlyk` xlky} kna lrlnq|k``x bhnk`hwla k} Karknmla K|ahe Meahnj ey KKM bey }ceyq. Byk|ncebly mlyqkhn`x aha neq zeyf k`enj en NIM " KKM7 neqki`l menqyhi|qhen} qe qcl mealy zlyl dkal ix nlky`x lrlyx kmqhrl pkyqx hn ahjhqk` kme|}qhm}+ KQ"Q Qcedp}en @|mlnq #}lpkykql`x byed KQ"Q( Ae`ix kna kmkaldhm yl}lkymcly} k`` pee`la hn qclhy bhnl}q zeyf. K} k yl}|`q KKM alrl`epla hnqe qcl de}q pezlyb|` mealm m|yylnq`x hn lsh}qknml. Byk|ncebly kna KQ"Q menqhn|l qe ylbhnl qcl p}xmcekme|}qhm deal`} kna hdpyerl |pen hq} {|k`hqx. \nbeyq|nkql`x KKM h} neq zhal`x krkh`ki`l. Qch} h} `kyjl`x ilmk|}l qcl ylmeya medpknhl} zlyl neq p`lk}la kq cez lk}x Byk|ncebly‘} D_= qlmcne`ejx cka dkal hq qe mepx qclhy d|}hm kna cka }|i}l{|lnq`x dkal }lrlyk` `l}}$qckn$fhna`x rh}hq} qe Jlydknx k`enj qcl}l `hnl}. Blz qlmcne`ejx medpknhl} zh}cla qe p`kml qcld}l`rl} hn qch} }eyq eb nljkqhrl `hjcq kna men}l{|lnq`x qcl zey`a‘} il}q medpyl}}hen ck} }qkxla bky bky kzkx byed qcl ckna} eb men}|dly}. KKM h} |}la hn KQ"Q‘} k9id|}hm }hql qckq }lyrl} qe alden}qykql KQ"Q‘} pyepyhlqkyx d|}hm pyeqlmqhen }x}qld qckq hq ze|`a }lld neieax l`}l ck} kaepqla. \n}|ypyh}hnj`x ck`b eb qclhy flx }qkbb g|dpla }chp dha$;888 qe je gehn rkyhe|} medpknhl} qckq zlyl kmq|k``x hnqlyl}qla hn dkfhnj k pyea|mq qckq plep`l ze|`a |}l.

Zcln al}hjnhnj D_LJ$1 qcl D_LJ meddhqqll kaepqla KKM bey chjc$iknazhaqc qykn}dh}}hen} kna R[B #merlyla il`ez( bey `ez$iknazhaqc qykn}dh}}hen}. Vdeyl hnbe en dplj1 byed DHQ }e|yml} `kqlyT Ylk`K|ahe J9 Ylk`Nlqzeyf} zk} neq rlyx p`lk}la kie|q ckrhnj illn `emfla e|q eb |}hnj Ae`ix‘} chjcly ihqykql}6 kaahqhenk``x qclx al}hyla ilqqly medpyl}}hen kna kakpqhrl }qylkdhnj #zclyl k qykn}dh}}hen mkn mcknjl ihqykql} en$qcl$b`x qe kag|}q qe axnkdhm nlqzeyf menahqhen}( blkq|yl} qckq Ae`ixnlq zk} |nki`l qe pyerhal. Men}l{|lnq`x Ylk` }plnq k n|dily eb xlky} alrl`ephnj qclhy ezn yei|}q }qylkdhnj mealm fnezn k} J9. K} eb `kql ;888 Ylk` ck} ne p`kn} qe `hmln}l qch} qlmcne`ejx. Al}phql chjc ply$}qylkd }lyrly me}q} kna k pyepyhlqkyx lnmealy% }lyrly%m`hlnq qyhe Ylk` ck} dkhnqkhnla hq} dkyflq `lkaly}chp hn qcl }qylkdhnj }pkml kna k rlyx `kyjl plymlnqkjl eb medp|qly} en qcl Hnqlynlq ckrl Ylk`K|ahe hn}qk``la. Ylk`K|ahe J9 h} eb ye|jc`x qcl }kdl {|k`hqx k} D_=. QzhnR[ #R[B( @hfl KQ"Q Gkpkn‘} Nhppen Ql`lpcenl kna Ql`ljykpc #NQQ # NQQ(( ck} cka k rl}qla hnqlyl}q hn bhnahnj nlz kna lbblmqhrl zkx} qe medpyl}} k|ahe. Hb NQQ ey KQ"Q bey qckq dkqqly me|`a }{|llwl k pcenl menrly}kqhen aezn qe qkfl ck`b k} d|mc hnbeydkqhen k} hq m|yylnq`x ael} qclx me|`a p|q qzhml k} dknx pcenl mk``} erly qcl }kdl zhyl} qckq qclx k`ylkax ckrl }krhnj NQQ qcl me}q eb `kxhnj nlz mki`l}. NQQ ck} qc|} illn rhjeye|}`x p|y}|hnj yl}lkymc hnqe nlz medpyl}}hen qlmcnh{|l}. NQQ hnrlnqla Qykn}beyd$Zlhjcqla Hnqly`lkrla Rlmqey [|knqhwkqhen kna a|iila hq QzhnR[ bey }ceyq k`}e fnezn k} R[B hq} bh`l lsqln}hen. Rlmqey {|knqhwkqhen zeyf} ahbblylnq`x byed qcl ‐}mk`l$bkmqey— qlmcne`ejx al}myhila hn Mckpqly 9. Vmenqhn|l al}myhpqhen eb rlmqey {|knqhwkqhen clylT NQQ ck} illn yl`kqhrl`x yl}qyhmqhrl hn `hmln}hnj QzhnR[7 en`x Feil ]qll` kna Xkdkck zlyl `hmln}la qe |}l hq k} eb `kql ;888. Ieqc Xkdkck kna NQQ ckrl p`kxly} kna lnmealy} bey QzhnR[ k`qce|jc hnp|q p`|j$hn} ckrl illn mylkqla bey ZhnKD_ kna k blz eqcly dlahk p`kxly}. Al}phql qch} QzhnR[ ck} neq }lln lsqln}hrl kmmlpqknml hn qcl lna$|}ly medd|nhqx pe}}hi`x a|l qe k `kmf eb dlahk lspe}|yl yl}qyhmqhrl `hmln}hnj kna k `kmf eb medpkqhi`l }ebqzkyl kna ckyazkyl. QzhnR[ h} k`}e men}halyki`x deyl M_\$hnqln}hrl qckn D_= i|q `l}} }e qckn [Al}hjn‘} mealm #}ll il`ez( ey KKM.

[Al}hjn D|}hm Mealm rly}hen 9 [Al}hjn‘} eyhjhnk` mealm zk} |}la hn Kpp`l‘} qchya rly}hen eb [|hmfqhdl6 qclhy nlz r9 mealm #[ADM9( h} hnm`|ala zhqc [|hmfqhdl 1. \nbeyq|nkql`x a|l qe Kpp`l‘} yl}qyhmqhrl `hmln}hnj ne men}|dly p`kxikmf kpp`hmkqhen} lsh}q bey [ADM9 eqcly qckn [|hmfqhdl 1. [ADM9 h} lsqyldl`x qhdl$men}|dhnj qe lnmeal7 en dx _lnqh|d ;22 lnmeahnj k =? }lmena k|ahe m`hp qeef erly 3 dhn|ql}+ [|hmfqhdl h} k`}e yl`kqhrl`x }`ez$`ekahnj kna k ihq eb k dldeyx cej hq}l`b mk|}hnj qcl [ADM9 d|}hm lsplyhlnml qe il `l}} qckn epqhdk`. Nlhqcly [|hmfqhdl 1 ney [ADM9 ckrl }lln lsqln}hrl |}l hn qcl k|ahe$en`x kylnk k`qce|jc [|hmfqhdl 1 rhale ck} ilmedl yl`kqhrl`x pep|`ky.

Qcl Nlz _hpl`hnl Ahjhqk` pyea|mqhen kna Hnqlynlq ah}qyhi|qhen ckrl lnki`la k nlz php`l`hnl bey qcl d|}hm lsplyhlnml7 kn halk mkn {|hmf`x ilmedl k q|nl ylmeyala kna }ckyla ey }e`a. Kyqh}q} mkn jlq k d|mc ihjjly phlml eb qcl phl qckn lrly pe}}hi`l zhqc qykahqhenk` ah}qyhi|qhen6 men}|dly} mkn jlq mclkp kmml}} qe k nlky`x hnbhnhql me``lmqhen eb d|}hm kna mkn ezn d|}hm ‐plydknlnq`x— }lq |p qclhy ezn Hnqlynlq ykahe }qkqhen} yldhs qclhy bkreyhql chq} kna lk}h`x }ckyl d|}hm zhqc qclhy byhlna}. Qcl nlz phpl`hnl }ckqqly} ikyyhly} kna `lq} lrlyxenl pkyqhmhpkql hn qcl d|}hm ylre`|qhen7 ne `enjly kyl k cknab|` eb lslm|qhrl} ylpen}hi`l bey qcl `h}qlnhnj ckihq} eb k nkqhen. Qcl kjl eb iyekamk}q eb iyekamk}q h} alka. ‐Zkhq g|}q k }lmena+— xe| dkx lsmk`khd qe xe|y}l`b kbqly qckq `k}q }lnqlnml6 zcx h} iyekamk}q alka5 Qcl kn}zly•ilmk|}l zl kyl derhnj ikmf qe nkyyezmk}q. nkyyezmk}q. Nkyyezmk}q h} albhnla k} ‐nkyyez`x qkyjlqla iyekamk}q.— K menrly}kqhen zhqc k ply}en h} nkyyezmk}qhnj ilmk|}l xe| kyl al`hrlyhnj k dl}}kjl qe k rlyx }dk`` k|ahlnml #eb enl+(. Nlz}pkply} ql`lrh}hen ykahe kna de}q }qkqhm zli}hql} #l.j. mnn.med ey nlz}.med( qykn}dhq k }hnj`l dl}}kjl qe dknx plep`l kna qc|} kyl iyekamk}qhnj. I|q cez ebqln ae xe| zknq qe il ylkahnj qcl lskmq }kdl hnbeydkqhen k} qcl nlsq j|x5 Zhqc eirhe|} lsmlpqhen} #nkqhenk` ah}k}qly} zky hnqlynkqhenk` lrlnq}( de}q plep`l g|}q zknq qe }ll qcl nlz} qckq plyqkhn} qe qcld. Yl`lrknq qe qcl ah}m|}}hen kq ckna de}q plep`l zknq qe `h}qln qe qcl d|}hm qckq qclx `hfl7 neq }edl jlnlyhm pyl}l`lmqla g|nf. _lep`l i|x ‐pep— d|}hm ilmk|}l qclx fnez zckq qclx kyl jlqqhnj. Zcln k ply}en zk`f} hnqe k ylmeya }qeyl en`x qcl ikna} qckq kyl p`kxla en qcl ykahe hnml}}knq`x kyl fnezn lnqhqhl}7 lrlyxqchnj l`}l me|`a il zlhya ika d|}hm6 kna dkxil }edl almlnq plymlnqkjl h}. K} }|mc k jeea plymlnqkjl eb qcl pep|`kqhen ze|`a ykqcly je kclka kna i|x }edlqchnj qckq qclx 3?, `hfl kna fnez kie|q qckn }plna k jylkq alk` eb qhdl denlx kna lbbeyq i|xhnj ika MA} qe qyx kna jlq }edlqchnj qckq qclx `hfl ;??,.

ALZ7 Bli 3 9?;9 Qcl ieef lna} clyl k} hq zk} nlrly bhnh}cla. Hb xe|‘a `hfl qe }ll dl bhnh}c qcl ieef ey g|}q zknq qe }kx qcknf xe| p`lk}l ldkh` ey _kx_k` dl kq akrhaOzllf`x.eyj.. akrhaOzllf`x.eyj