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3 Tis book is dedicated to the women and men of the DOH, whose commitment to the health and well-being of the nation is without parallel.
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3 Tis book is dedicated to the women and men of the DOH, whose commitment to the health and well-being of the nation is without parallel.
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Copyright 2014 Department of Health All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying photocopying,, recording, or by any information storage and information system, without the prior written permission of the copyright owner. 2nd Edition Published in the Philippines in 2014 by Cover & Pages Publishing Inc., for the Department of Health, San Lazaro Compound, Tayuman, Manila. ISBN-978-971-784-003-1 Printed in the Philippines
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THE DEPARTMENT x OF HEALTH STORY
A Legacyof e Public Health SECOND EDITION
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A Legacyof e Public Health SECOND EDITION
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Crispinita A. Valdez OVERALL PROJECT DIRECTOR
Charity L. Tan EDITOR
Celeste Coscoluella Edgar Ryan Faustino WRITERS
Albert Labrador James Ona Edwin Tuyay Ramon Cantonjos Paquito Repelente PHOTOGRAPHERS
Mayleen V. Aguirre Aida S. Aracap Rosy Jane Agar-Floro Dr. Aleli Annie Grace P. Sudiacal Mariecar C. Mangosong Jailene Faye C. Rojas Jade Lou D. Dulawan Jomilynn Rebanal Kiarah Louise Florendo PROJECT COORDINATORS SPECIAL THANKS TO:
Dr. Willie T. Ong Dr. Anna Liza R. Ong Co Tec Tai Medical Museum Bones Calleja BOOK DESIGN
Cover & Pages Publishing Inc. PRODUCTION
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Women’s leper ward, San Lazaro H ospital 1903.
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Vision A global leader or ataining beter healh oucomes, compeiive and responsive healh care sysem, and equiable healh financing.
Mission o guaranee equiable, susainable and qualiy healh or all Filipinos, especially he poor, and o lead he ques or excellence in healh.
Quality Policy Te Deparmen o Healh, as he naion's leader in healh, is commited o guaranee equiable, accessible and qualiy healh services or all Filipinos. We a DOH, ogeher wih our parners, shall ensure he highes sandards o healh care in compliance wih sauory and regulaory requiremens; And shall coninually improve our qualiy managemen sysems o he saisacion o our ciizens.
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THE
DEPARTMENT x
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Conens MESSAGES
Presiden Benigno S. Aquino III 15 Secreary Enrique . Ona 16 INTRODUCTION
Te Pre-Hispanic Era
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(unil 1565) CHAPTER 1
Spanish Era
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(1565-1898) CHAPTER 2
Healhcare Under he Americans
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(1898-1918) CHAPTER 3
Te Filipinizaion o Healh Services
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(1918-1941)
A Mandae o Public Healh (1941-1947) CHAPTER 4
Te Deparmen o Healh
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(1947-2014) APPENDICES
164
e Deparmen o Healh Secrearies DOH Officials Direcory 168 DOH Hospials Direcory 171 DOH Atached Agencies 176 Bibliography 178 12
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Message President of the Philippines
Te Deparmen o Healh serves our naion wih is encompassing mandae o guaranee responsive, excellen, and equiable healhcare or Filipinos. As such, he DOH sands among our hardes working agencies, engaging sakeholders om all spheres o sociey and conribuing o local and global policy or public healh. Tis publicaion allows a wider consiuency o assess he deparmen’s achievemens examine he parnerships ha drive our insiuions, and appreciae he growh o he healhcare secor over he years. May his documenaion see o he ulfillmen o our generaion’s legacy�he expansion o healh services coverage in he counry, he srenghening o our local delivery unis, and he rejuvenaion o our ellowmen hrough Kalusugang Pangkalahaan; may i be he ligh ha guides our navigaions. Solidariy has proven criical o our ransormaion as a naion. Our governmen coninues o build upon his principle and seer our agencies owards he sraigh and righeous pah. Le our shared ask o empowering ciizens keep us unied, as we inegrae our capaciies o orge a more ormidable and prosperous Philippines. On behal o he Filipinos, I hank he DOH or your service and wish you he oriude o susain your noble mission.
BENIGNO S. AQUINO III MANILA June 2014
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v Message
Department of Health Secretary
Tis second ediion o he DOH coffee able book offers a uller picure o he hisory o public healh in he Philippines. I brings o sharper ocus one o he oldes medical insiuions o he counry, San Lazaro Hospial, and a comparaively new bu prooundly valuable developmen in our healhcare sysem, he Philippine Healh Insurance Corporaion or PhilHealh. Tere are oher addiions as well ha we hope will lead o a deeper undersanding o our curren policies as producs o he long and someimes difficul journey we have made over he years o ensure our people’s welare. Te hisory o public healhcare in he Philippines is woven ino he narraive o our naionhood. Tis book, while ocusing on he srides we have made in his field, ineviably ells he broader sory o our people’s progress hrough he cenuries� om our rich pre-colonial pas, o our long sruggle wih colonizaion, o our presen and hard-won independence. Te challenge we ace oday is how o ranslae his progress ino a beter lie ha can be el by every Filipino, o define eedom in erms o he abiliy o pursue our dreams wihou ear o wan or disease. As sewards o public healh, we know he impac o our work is el mos srongly in he personal, privae sphere�in he healh o our amily and iends, in our own sense o well-being. Bu wha is enjoyed individually canno be achieved excep by communiy effor. Kalusugang Pangkalahaan or Universal Healhcare, which drives our curren naional healh policy, is deeply rooed in he principle o social solidariy. We need no look ar or inspiraion: in his book, we bear winess o he effors o men and women who dedicaed heir lives o helping he sick, he weak & he needy. Te wisdom hey demonsraed is as rue oday as i was hundreds o years ago: we are responsible or one anoher. We have reached a criical par o our hisory, one ha will depend on how we embrace he realiy ha alhough we may survive i ndividually, i is only as a communiy ha we can ruly hrive. We a he DOH are up or he challenge and are eager o begin his new chaper.
D. ENIQUE . ONA
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Secretary Department of Health June 2014
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b A corps o qualified and passionae medical praciioners is he Philippines' greaes resource. 18
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Te Pre-Spanish Era
(Beore 1565)
Ancient Filipinos regarded health as a harmonious relationship with the environment, both natural and supernatural.
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21 Image by Noel Escultura from Filipino Heritage
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Like mos indigenous peoples, our ancesors pu aih in naure no only or physical bu also or spiriual susenance. Belie in he power o boh bo h h hee an anim ima aee an andd in inan anim ima aee wo worl rldd wa wass ce cen nra rall o h heir eir wa wayy o li lie. e. I was also a way o lie. Ailmens were believed o be caused by disharmony wih he spiriual world, and resoring healh mean appeasing he gods hrough incanaions, dances and riual offerings ha ranged rom ood, o clohing, o blood sacrifice. A he cener o hese riuals was he babaylan , mediaor mediaor beween beween he physical and spiriual worlds. Usually emale, he babaylan was considered as heir healer, priesess and leader. Such was her sway ha o his day, echoes o his shaman figure remain in olk radiions ha have survived cenuries o oreign rule. Bu when he firs Spanish explorers ex plorers reached our shores, wha hey discovered was ar more han such mysicism and supersiion. Chroniclers noed he communiies who lived ogeher by a se o laws, ruled by chiefains called rajas or daus , in organized ribes called barangays. Our people’s achievemens in mealwork, agriculure, and wriing are some o he evidence o a highly civilized sociey exisen e xisen in pre-colonial Philippines. Euphorbiaceae was one o he 50 undamenal herbs used in radiional medicine.
Early Filipinos were good physicians physicians who used medicinal herbs.
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Malaria has has been presen in he Philippines or cenuries.
Te leaves o he Anonas were used as a opical and applied o he somach o children suffering om indigesion.
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As a sandard cure, he rural aih-healer prescribed well-masicaed beel-nus leaves and areca nu leaves which were spa ono he affliced porion o he body.
Sambong is an herbal medicine ha grows in open grasslands. I is used o rea kidney sones, rheumaism, coughs, colds, hyperension, and diarrhea.
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One o he mos prized medicinal plans is he igasud om he mounain regions o he Visayas. Is seed when chewed is an anidoe or poison. I was renamed Pepia o San Ignacio by Spanish missionaries.
As well, Filipinos boased an exensive knowledge o medicinal boany, making he Spanish hisorian Miguel de Loarca repor ha he naives were “good physicians and had a remedy or every poison.” o name a ew: he leaves o he angan-angan when applied on he orehead relieved headaches; he seeds o he balconag when rubbed on he scalp killed lice; he roo o he pandakaki when boiled was a pain-reliever; he leaves o he balabgon when pounded and pu on wounds was a salve, and many more. Anidoes using barks o rees were also popular such as he boiled bark o palanigan , which served as an anipyreic when ingesed, he bark o he bagosabak , an anidoe or snake bie poisoning, and he pepia plan seed which was chewed or relie o ood poisoning and somach upse. In boh heir spiriual and herbal remedies, early Filipinos revealed a deep connecion o he naural world, harnessing i as a resource o uel boh body and spiri. Whils he Spaniards were inrigued by hese primiive means o healhcare, hey believed ha he naives, as hey called Filipinos, mus be augh he wesern ways o healh.
Pandakaki Pui is mixed wih waer, creaing an herbal decocion o rea eczema.
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Te Spanish Era (1565-1898)
The San Lazaro Church and Hospital represents early medical healthcare in the Spanish era. As the Spanish were not accustomed to the climate, food, and other challenges of living in the Philippines, Spanish soldiers succumbed to a number of diseases and were treated in hospitals specially created for their welfare.
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27 Side entrance of the Shrine of St. Lazarus leading to Plaza San Lazaro.
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I ook more han 30 years afer he deah o Ferdinand Magellan in 1521 or he Spaniar Spaniards ds o successully build colonies in he Philippines. Expensive expediions were sen by he Spanish monarch Charles I, bu each ailed o esablish a permanen base in he newly discovered archipelago. archipelago. I was only in 1565, afer he arrival o Miguel Lopez de Legazpi in Cebu, ha he firs permanen Spanish setlemen in he Philippines was esablished. Wih he successul conques o Luzon in 1571, Manila was made he capial o he new colony. colony. While he he babaylans were replaced by he Spanish riars during his period in leading he Filipino people in he riuals o he Caholic aih, he influence o he Spanish clergy wen ar beyond religion. Hisory Hisory reveals ha apar rom he poliical and social conrol exercised by he Spanish riars, he esablishmen and adminisraion o some o he firs healh insiuions in he he counry were also accomplished by men o he cloh.
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For more han wo hundred years, he Order o San Juan de Dios mainained he Hospial Real, even afer he 1863 earhquake ha desroyed i. When he Francisc Franciscans ans rebuil heir new hospial ouside he ci y walls, he land on which he old srucure sood was given o he Broherhood.
HOSPITAL REAL Hospial eal, he very firs hospial in he Philippines, was iniially buil in Cebu in 1565. I was relocaed o Manila when he sea o governmen was ranserred. e hospial was esablished esablished o caer o he needs o he Spanish army and navy, casualies rom he miliary campaigns and hose who succumbed o ropical diseases. Ineresi Ineresingly, ngly, Hospial Hospial eal reused admission o Spanish and mesizo women.
King Philip II allowed Miguel Lopez de Legazpi o se up Hospial Real in Cebu in 1565 exclusively or he reamen o Spanish rank and file soldiers and sailors.
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Te Order o S. Francis was firs o ake care o he poor and he sick in he early Spanish period.
Hospial eal was a royal hospial, unded unded by ing Philip II and he Spanish governmen, ye i was bese by numerous problems, including finances. ere was a consan need or docors, nurses, and chaplains. Likewise, ood and o her supplies were always lacking. On July 20, 1597, 1597 , i was recommended ha he royal hospial be adminisered by boh he Order o S. Francis and he Conraerniy o La Misericordia, he later a religious order whose mission was he care o he sick. ing Philip II was convinced ha he hospial hospial would be beter managed wih members members o he clergy a is helm. e hospial coninued is operaions hrough he nex cenuries unil he earhquake o 1863, which demolished almos all o he sone buildings in Manila. e hospial was rebuil as a one-sorey building ouside he ciy walls.
In 1582, 1582, Miguel de Loarca Loarca repored repored ha inhabians inhabians o Cebu were affliced by ichy lesions and a cerain "bubas." Accouns say his his “bubas” came came om Bohol Bohol when raiders raiders om Maluku Maluku ineced ineced he naives. naives.
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Young women carried waer aken om various waer sources and sored in bamboo poles. An imporan developmen in public healh Young adminisraion during he Spanish regime was he inroducion o sae waer supply in 1690.
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HOSPITAL DE NATURALES Various sources place he arrival o he firs Franciscan mission in he Philippines beween 1577 and 1578. Wih his firs mission came Juan Clemene, a lay broher and boanis. e 54-year-old Fray Clemene ook piy on he numerous beggars who flocked o he gaes o he conven, and so ou o compassion he concoced medicaions and salves o apply o heir wounds. Word o his benevolence spread and when he small chapel where he reaed he sick could no longer accommodae he paiens who arrived in droves, Fray Clemene sough help rom he communiy and he clergy. He was able o raise unds or a simple srucure comprising wo wards o nipa and bamboo which he himsel buil beside he con ven wihin he walled ciy o Inramuros.
Te srees ouside he Sa. Clara Monasery were filled wih paiens awaiing reamen or various ailmens ha naive medicine could no cure.
Te walled ciy o Inramuros in Manila became he cener o healh and medicine in he 1900s.
e hospial became he Hospial de los Indios Naurales, more popularly known as Hospial de Naurales. Led by Fray Clemene, he riars cared or he sick while also ending o heir spiriual needs. Apar rom he hospial, he aciliy al so housed a ree pharmacy where oinmens, oils, herbal remedies and oher medical supplies could be obained. rough is well-socked dispensary, he Hospial de Naurales was able o supply mos o he medical needs o oher hospials and religious infirmaries. e original srucure was desroyed by a fire ha razed Inramuros in 1583 bu was rebuil as a sone srucure wih he help o Faher Domingo Salazar, he firs archbishop o he Philippines. Fray Clemene coninued his work a he hospial and came across a paien by he name o Juan Fernando de Leon, a Franciscan pries. Inspired by Fray Clemene, de Leon devoed himsel o hospial work afer his recovery. Using his personal finances, he buil an addiional ward or he hospial and ensured is financial upkeep. Evenually, de Leon ounded he Broherhood o Sana Misericordia under he Order o S. Francis o suppor he aciliy.
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n San Lazaro Church and Hospial was rebuil on a land owned by a wealhy Chinese who, beore dying as a leper, willed ha all renals colleced om his properies be used exclusively or he care o lepers in he Philippines.
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Furher assisance was provided by he crown in 1593 when he Hospial de Naurales came under he paronage o ing Philip II who graned i governmen subsidy and guaraneed is proecion by he governor-general. is came a a ime when he hospial’s needs had grown considerably. Food or he paiens, medicine impored rom Mexico, and wages or he hospial’s small saff were mosly provided by he crown and he clergy, bu he riars also had o rely on chariy during difficul imes o epidemics and emergencies. Fray Clemene died in 1598 a he age o 74 afer 20 years o service o he hospial. His kindness and sense o chariy had ouched many lives, so ha his uneral was atended no only by he poor and he sick bu also by civil and church auhoriies and oher well-known personaliies in Manila. Fray Clemene was so revered ha i was repored ha people who atended his wake ore off pieces o his habi “o keep as holy relics.” A ew years afer his deah, ragedy sruck once again when he Hospial de Naurales was desroyed in ye anoher fire. A new locaion was chosen or he reconsrucion o he aciliy, a developmen ha led o he esablishmen o one o he oldes medical insiuions in he counry, he Hospial de San Lazaro (see page 44). Children, more han aduls, are suscepible o leprosy. Many believe ha he dreaded disease originaed in counries like India, China and Japan.
34 Shown here are lepers being reaed in San Lazaro Hospial.
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Some o he aciliies o he Universiy o So. omasCollege o Medicine in 1887: a chemisry laboraory used or research and experimens (above) and a special room or people suffering om menal disorder (lef).
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Founded in 1596 by he Broherhood o Sana Misericordia, he Hospial San Juan de Dios was laer given o he Broherhood o San Juan de Dios. Tis phoo was aken in 1900.
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Te influenial Spanish clergy esablished he firs medical insiuions in he Philippines. A ew o hese, such as he Hospial San Juan de Dios, remain o his day.
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HOSPITAL DE LA MISERICORDIA Afer he fire o 1603, i was decided ha he original sie o he Hospial de Naurales be urned over o he Broherhood o Sana Misericordia. e Hospial de la Misericordia was buil or he care o he sick servans and slaves o he Spaniards. As hey were reused admission a Hospial eal, Spanish and mesizo women were also reaed a his aciliy. e compassion wih which he Brohers reaed he disabled, he wounded, he abandoned and he poor made hem well loved by he communiy. When a plague sruck he Filipino populaion in 1599, he Broherhood provided ood and medicine, going as ar as o atend he wakes and burials o hose who had succumbed o he disease. is endeared hem urher o he Filipinos. Several calamiies occurred during he same year as he plague including an earhquake, floods, and he Chinese insurrecion. ese and dwindling unds necessiaed he ranser o he hospial’s adminisraion rom he Brohers o he Hospialler Order o San Juan de Dios. A small infirmary in Bagumbayan began operaions in 1643, which became known as he Hospial de San Juan de Dios. e Order o San Juan de Dios mainained he hospial or over wo hundred years unil by he decree o he governor-general and he will o Queen Isabella o Spain, he managemen o he aciliy was ranserred o he Daughers o Chariy on April 14, 18 68. A year laer, he decree wen ino ull effec when he Sisers ormally ook over he hospial.
Malaria, dengue, and schisosomiasis were endemic o Souhern China. Tey were brough o Philippine shores by Chinese raders. In 1597, Governor General Luis Perez Dasmarinas recommended o King Philip II ha he Royal Hospial in Manila be placed under boh he Order o S. Francis o Assisi and he Conaerniy o La Misericordia. Te later was a religious order ha had care o he sick as is vocaion.
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HOSPITAL OF SAN GABRIEL e Chinese populaion in he Philippines was already presen long beore he Spanish. rading beween he wo counries began as early as he 1200s, and he seady influx o Sangleyes or Chinese raders would coninue hroughou he colonial period. In an atemp o conrol he populaion, he Chinese were made o occupy he Parian disric jus ouside Inramuros. e Dominicans arrived in he counry in 1587 upon he inviaion o Manila Bishop Domingo de Salazar who sough heir help o miniser and conver he Chinese o he aih. o his end, he Dominicans buil wo churches: one a he easern side o he Parian and one a he oher side in Baybay near ondo. e Dominicans would exend chariy o he Chinese, some o whom ell sick and died in povery and abandonmen. o accommodae he growing number o he sick, he priess buil a modes-sized building behind he conven and called i he Hospial de San Pedro Marir. e separae srucure allowed he Dominicans, who had sworn off mea in heir own die, o serve his o paiens in need o proein.
John o God or San Juan de Dios was a Porugese soldier urned healhcare worker in Spain. His ollowers ormed Brohers Hospiallers which was dedicaed o he care o he sick and hose suffering om menal disorders.
Te Chinese or Sangleyes were already rading in he Philippines even beore he Spaniards came. In 1571, hey were relocaed o he Parian.
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Te Order o Preachers or more popularly known as he Dominicans arrived in 1587 and were asked o miniser o he Sangleys who desired o conver o he Caholic aih. Te Dominicans buil wo churches churches or he Sangleys: one in Parian and he oher in Baybay near ondo.
In 1589, he Hospial de San Gabriel was creaed or he Chinese. A building o brick and sone, he hospial was buil wih financial assisance rom he Governor-General Saniago de Vera Vera who suppored suppo red he Dominicans’ effors o conver he Chinese o Caholicism. When he building burned down, he ciizens o Manila proesed proesed agains he rebuilding rebuilding o he hospial oo close o he ciy walls. wal ls. ensions ensions would occasionally escalae beween he Spanish and he Sangleyes, and he ear o uprising was very real. us, he hospial was rebuil in Binondo in 1599, along wih he ranser o he Hospial o San Gabriel. Bu subsequen disasers, a fire in 1603 and an earhquake in 1 645, desroyed he original srucure and he one buil o replace i. e edifice rose again and lased or cenuries, bu he medical insiuion did no survive. On April 17, 1766, by decree o he Spanish king, he non-Chrisian Sangleyes were ordered ordered expelled rom he Philippines or reasons o reachery and berayal ollowing heir suppor or he invading Briish roops o 1762. Years laer, on Ocober 20, 1774, he Hospial o San Gabriel was closed.
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In 1879, he Spanish garrison buil a “floaing” naval hospial on shallows o guard he easern enrance o he Isabela Channel.
Founded in 1871, he Universiy o So. omas Faculy o Medicine and Pharmacy is he oldes medical school in he counry.
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OTHER MEDICAL INSTITUTIONS Oher medical aciliies were buil by he Spaniards during 400 years o colonizaion. Aside rom he miliary hospial o Manila, anoher was ereced in he Presidio de Zamboanga. e Hospial o San Jose was buil in Cavie in 1591 by he Order o San Juan de Dios or he care o sailors. Anoher insiuion was buil in Cañacao Cañacao in 1871 and was managed by by he Sisers o Chariy. Chariy. e Hospial o Basilan, buil as a naval hospial, was quie unique in he Orien as i was buil enirely on he waer waer..
EPIDEMICS I was in 1574 ha anoher smallpox, also called ca lled boloong, became he firs recorded epidemic in he hisory o o he counry. I spread o provinces as ar as Cagayan, Samar, and Leye and killed over 30,000 Filipinos by he 1760s. In 1789, a vessel rom China raveling o he Ilocos region was believed o be he probable source o an ep idemic ha soon spread o Manila and is neighboring provinces. In response response o his crisis, ing Carlos IV o Spain decreed he inroducion o he smallpox vaccine o he Spanish colonies, including he Philippines, hough an expediion led by Dr. Francisco Francisco de Balmis ha began on April 15, 1805. While he res o Europe was sill arguing abou he meris o he vaccine, developed only a decade beore by Dr. Edward JenJenner, he ing was able o procure he vaccine or his subjecs overseas.
Map showing he roue o he Balmis expediion, which inroduced he smallpox vaccine vaccine o he Philippines in 1805.
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o show ha he vaccines were no mean o harm, i was firs adminisered o he Governor-General’s very own children. is proved o be an effecive sraegy as he num ber o hose inoculaed increased wihin a ew days. By May 29, 1805, around six o seven housand aduls and children were vaccinaed in Manila, ondo, and Cavie. e Superior Governmen also ordered he educaion o physicians, pracicanes, mediquillos, and sangradores all over he counry on mehods o vaccinaion. Anoher scourge ha decimaed he populaion o he islands a various imes was cholera � he invasion o he small inesine by he bacerium Vibrio cholerae , which is ingesed via conaminaed waer or ood. is causes inense diarrhea and vomiing, resuling in rapid and severe depleion o body fluids and sals. e firs recorded oubreak o cholera was in 1583, which evenually caused he ailure o he expediion sen by Governor-General Sebasian onquillo o he Mollucas. Besides cholera, anoher deadly disease known as beriberi raged across he archipelago. Beriberi also hreaened o reduce he Philippine populaion during he Spanish era. Caused by a deficiency in hiamine or viamin B, beriberi leads o weigh loss, impaired sensory percepion, limb weakness and pain, edema, and irregular hear rae. Lef unreaed, i may lead o hear ailure and deah.
1
yphoons brough heavy rainall which caused widespread flooding in low-lying areas. Waer-borne diseases like cholera were rampan during hese periods. Above is a phoo o a child’s burial in Masbae.
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HOSPITAL DE SAN LAZARO: FOUR CENTURIES OF SERVICE e Hospial de Naurales, buil by Fray Clemene in 1578, was relocaed afer he srucure in he original sie burned down in 1603. A new locaion a sae disance away rom he walled ciy was chosen or he new aciliy in he disric o Dilao, known as presen-day Paco. Here he aciliy became known as he Hospial de San Lazaro, in honor o he paron sain o lepers. e name was given afer he hospial underook he care o 150 lepers sen o he Philippines by he Japanese emperor Iemisu in 1632 a he ime o Governor-General Juan Nino de abora. is “gif” was v iewed as an ac o spie agains he Church or is growing influence over he Japanese empire. Bu he lepers were received graciously by he hospial, heir arrival becoming an occasion or he clergy and he communiy o exend is benevolence o hose affliced by he disease who are normally reaed as oucass in sociey.
San Lazaro cholera deenion camp. Manila, 1902
Ruins o he old San Laz aro Compound are sill being preserved.
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1
45
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Barracks in he cholera deenion camp a San Lazaro 1903.
46
e Hospial de San Lazaro remained in Dilao or 60 years beore i was ordered demolished by Governor Sabiniano Manrique de Lara when he ciy came under hrea o invasion in 1662 by a Chinese pirae named Chen Ch’e ung. A emporary srucure was buil in Quiapo o house paiens unil a new locaion was provided by mil iary auhoriies along he area known oday as Calle Concepcion. As his hospial was deemed inadequae, Governor Don Manuel de Leon bequeahed he sum o 12,000 pesos upon his deah o finance he consrucion o a new aciliy. Beween 1678-1681, under he adminisraion o Faher Fernando de la Concepcion, consrucion o an improved aciliy was underaken beween Dilao and Balee. is new srucure remained or nearly a cenury. I was briefly aken over by he Briish in 1762 during an invasion and was used as a vanage poin o damage several Spanish orificaions. When anoher atack by he Briish became imminen in 1783, he hospial was demolished as a deensive sraegy.
Chapter TH E SPAN IS H ER A � 156 5� 189 8 �
1
San Lazaro Hospial was ounded in 1578 by broher Juan Clemene.
Hacienda Mayhaligue San Lazaro ound is final and presen home on a large rac o land on izal Avenue known as Hacienda Mayhaligue hrough a royal decree issued by ing Charles III. I is believed ha prior o being aken over by he Spanish governmen, he land belonged o a wealhy Chinese mesizo who suffered rom leprosy and willed upon his deah ha all renals rom his land be used o help hose affliced wih he disease. From a single main srucure and a chapel, he hospial in Hacienda Mayhaligue grew o occupy he 400 hecares o he esae by 1785, wih new buildings ereced and enans paying ren o ill he land. Bu is financial woes persised, wih he hospial unable o secure sufficien revenue rom renals and wih is governmen subsidy waylaid by civil auhoriies. Naural calamiies like floods and pesilence sruck such heavy blows on he communiy ha morale plummeed among adminisraors and enans, bringing he hospial on he verge o shudown in 1859. A his criical ime, he appoinmen o a Franciscan adminisraor named Faher Felix Huera brough order and sabiliy o he Hospial de San Lazaro, ushering a ime o renewal and progress.
Paiens receiving chrismas bags a San Lazaro Hospial on January 17, 1953.
FATHER HUERTA served the Hospital de San Lazaro for 35 years, working tirelessly until his death to strengthen its operation and finances. He demanded that government subsidy be restored to the hospital, threatening local officials that if not addressed, he himself would bring the matter of the misdirected subsidies directly to the Queen of Spain. Father Huerta ensured payment from the remaining tenants of the hacienda and persuaded old ones to return. By the end of his administration, the hospital had raised an income of 330,000.00 pesos, a considerable sum that was used to care for the sick and improve hospital facilities. Father Huerta’s efforts resulted in increased staff, additional quarters, the construction of a bigger, sturdier main facility, as well as a chapel to replace the old one which was destroyed in an earthquake. Such was his devotion to a life of service that even when rendered very weak by illness, Father Huerta insisted on celebrating mass for his congregation on July 28, 1894. This mass was his last. Upon his death, Father Huerta received much honor and remains one of the shining figures in the history of the Hospital de San Lazaro.
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Cholera paiens in a naive cholera ward, San Lazaro 1903.
San Lazaro During he American Period Faher Huera was replaced by Faher Mariano Marinez who served as hospial adminisraor unil 1897. e counry was enering a new period a his ime as he Americans wresed power away rom he Spanish colonizers. e hospial was again hrown ino a urbulen period during he ransiion. A one poin, he aciliy was abandoned by a ll bu one nurse ending o he needs o a hundred paiens when all ohers had decided o flee. Order was reinsaed when he American miliary ook over he hospial in 1898. As he new chaplain, Capain Mcinnon requesed relie or he 98 paiens in he aciliy who were in errible need o ood, waer, clohing and medical assisance. Help was provided o he hospial and Dr. Pablo Gueverra was evenually appoined as he house physician. San Lazaro was named a Conagious Diseases Hospial and was placed he ollowing year under he conrol o he newly esablished Board o Healh. e nex ew years were marked by a succession o American and Spanish adminisraors.
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1
An orchesra composed o lepers, San Lazaro Hospial, 1906.
Women's ward, San Lazaro, 1903.
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Verandas, San Lazaro Hospial, 1906.
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As sricer measures o improve public healh were implemened during he American period, San Lazaro Hospial played a vial role in he diagnosis and care o lepers who were sen o he hospial or confinemen. A noable Filipino docor was appoined house physician a he hospial or his purpose, Dr. Eliodoro Mercado. He ocused on finding a cure or leprosy and was able o successully rea paiens wih a medicaion ha came o be known as he “Mercado Mixure.” Advances in he reamen o he disease have since been made and modern cures are now available, bu he value o Dr. Mercado’s work in caring or he sick in his 15 years o service a he San Lazaro Hospial will go down he annals o hisory. Managemen o he hospial passed rom American o Filipino physicians and adminisraors beginning in 1918. Under he 25-year adminisraion o Dr. Caalino Galvino beween 1921-1948, he hospial underwen vas improvemens, wih new buildings ereced and he grounds beauified. San Lazaro’s menal ward was ranserred in 1930 o he Naional Psychopahic Hospial, oday known as he Naional Cener or Menal Healh. In 1945, San Lazaro was also used or he confinemen o war prisoners suffering rom malaria and dysenery during he Japanese Occupaion. In 1949, under he adminisraion o Dr. Felix Velasco, paiens suffering rom leprosy were relocaed o he ala Leprosarium in Novaliches, which would laer become he Dr. Jose N. odriguez Memorial Hospial. In 1978, San Lazaro Hospial celebraed is 400h cenennial and was declared a Special Naional Hospial or Inecious Diseases. Is chapel came o be known as he Shrine o S. Lazarus in 2003, highlighing is long hisory as a spiriual insiuion under he direcion o he church, and he coninuing presence o boh secular and religious priess as chaplains. San Lazaro Hospial is known oday as an insiuion or he reamen o communicable and inecious diseases. I remains one o he eriary public hospials under he supervision o he DOH, coninuing o serve hose in need as i has done or more han 400 years.
1
Dr. Eliodoro Mercado
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CHAPTER 2
n
Healhcare Under Te Americans (1898 - 1918)
The Americans provided for better healthcare by building more hospitals and implementing measures to prevent the spread of diseases. During this time, formal medical education and more medical benefits were given to Filipinos.
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Chapter HEALTHCARE UNDER THE AMERICANS � 1898�1918 �
2
53 The Blood Plasma Dehydrating Laboratory
THE DEPARTMENT x
A Legacyof e Public Health OF HEALTH STORY
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When he US mandaed a mass smallpox vaccinaion program in he Philippines in 1917, abou 25 million shos were given o Filipinos. An esimaed 163,000 Filipinos came down wih he disease afer he vaccinaion, and 75,339 o hem died om i.
54
American soldiers helped in he naionwide adminisraion o smallpox vaccine, providing assisance in he campaign o ensure ha children were spared om he disease.
Chapter HEALTHCARE UNDER THE AMERICANS � 1898�1918 �
2
Te Philippine Healh Service used various media o promoe healh educaion and disease conrol.
Trough a bloody revolution, the turn of the century brought an end to almost 400 years of Spanish rule. General Emilio Aguinaldo who had led the Filipinos in reclaiming their freedom, declared independence from Spain on June 12, 1898 and established a revolutionary government, one that included a Bureau of Public Health. Bu he Aguinaldo governmen was only wo weeks old when hosiliies broke ou beween Filipinos and Americans. e counry’s erswhile ally agains Spain had become he enemy. e lopsided batle which ensued ended wih he Unied Saes o America aking conrol o he counry, in wha was jusified by hen US Presiden Mcinley as a mission o “uplif and civilize” he counry. e USA did no wase ime in aking over he reins o governmen. I esablished a miliary governmen led by General Wesley Merrit. Under Merrit, a Board o Healh or he Ciy o Manila was consiued hrough General Order No. 15 on Sepember 29, 1898 o super vise all maters peraining o public healh. e Board o Healh was headed by Dr. Frank Bourns.
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Te Insular Board o Healh oversaw public dispensaries which sudied he causes o di seases and he mehod o heir prevenion.
American hospial corps aided roops wounded in he batlefield.
A healh officer dispensing mass vaccinaion among school children in Parang, Sulu.
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e mos urgen healh problem which conroned he Board was he spread o smallpox. According o a Board o Healh repor, he spread o he disease began in boh he American and Spanish armies in November o 1898. Wih he need or a susainable local source o smallpox vaccine, he Board decided o reopen he old Spanish vaccine arm and o sandardize vaccine producion. Soon afer, rained vaccinaors were able o inoculae almos 80,000 people. On Augus 26, 1899, Dr. Guy Edie was appoined as he firs Commissioner o Healh, replacing Dr. Bourns. Campaigns agains smallpox coninued and he firs orm o civil regisry in he counry was esablished.
Chapter HEALTHCARE UNDER THE AMERICANS � 1898�1918 �
2
Te Bureau o Healh led a one-week aciviy o sree sweeping, garbage collecion, and general cleaning o houses and immediae surroundings.
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Above: Te firs and oldes cremaorium in he Philippines Below: Te Americans pu up a emporary hospial and reaed heir wounded brohers wih umos care and urgency.
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Chapter HEALTHCARE UNDER THE AMERICANS � 1898�1918 �
2
A ypical American hospial in he Philippines complee wih docors, nurses and medical equipmen
Americans advocaed he cremaion o bodies, oulawing unerals and land quaranine.
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THE DEPARTMENT x
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THE BOARD OF HEALTH
An operaing room in a Sampaloc Hospial, 1905.
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e Firs Philippine Commission arrived in he counry on March 4, 1899. e Schurman Commission, so named afer is head Jacob Schurman, recommended he esablishmen o a civil governmen o replace miliary rule. William Howard af, he head o he Second Philippine Commission, laer became he firs Civil Governor and Chie Execuive upon he esablishmen o he civil governmen in he Philippines in 1901. During his ime, a myriad o healh problems conroned his adminisraion, among hem he abysmal sae o public saniaion and he unconrolled spread o disease. Bubonic plague ravaged Manila and several adjacen owns; smallpox was sill prevalen in he provinces; lepers lived in he srees wihou medical assisance; and cases o malaria and several varieies o dys-
Chapter HEALTHCARE UNDER THE AMERICANS � 1898�1918 �
2
Firs Board o Healh in he Philippines and heads o Provincial Board o Healh
enery persised. e public coninued o ignore laws such as compulsory mass vaccinaion and isolaion o ineced persons � all criical acors in he prevenion o he spread o disease. Given such condiions, a cenralized board in charge o he healh ineress o he archipelago was needed. On July 1, 1901, he Board o Healh or he Philippine Islands was esablished hrough Ac No. 157. e Board o Healh or he Philippine Islands laer became he Insular Board o Healh wih he creaion o he provincial and municipal healh boards. I was given he power o oversee public healh in he counry, which included sudying he causes o various diseases and he mehods or heir prevenion. e Board was also asked o draf legislaion necessary in regulaing saniaion and medical pracice in he counry. American soldiers bringing a wounded broher or care and reamen.
Te cholera epidemic o 1902-1905 claimed 200,222 lives including 66,000 children. Tree percen o he populaion was decimaed in he wors epidemic in Philippine hisory.
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In 1907, he Leper Law (Ac No. 1711) provided or he compulsory apprehension, deenion, and segregaion o lepers a he Culion Leper Colony (above). Care or he lepers coninued in he San Lazaro Hospial (below).
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Chapter HEALTHCARE UNDER THE AMERICANS � 1898�1918 �
e Commissioner o Public Healh was given direc supervision and conrol over all hospials and he inoculaion o all he inhabians o he islands agains conagious diseases. On he oher hand, he Chie Healh Inspecor oversaw he municipal boards o healh and he implemenaion o saniaion measures. A roser o American civil servans coninued he guardianship o healh in he Philippines wih some success. ey waged a vigorous campaign agains bubonic plague, which hey successully eliminaed in record ime. Also, a pail conservancy sysem, a saniary mehod o human wase disposal, was implemened. In effors o conain uberculosis, a survey o ideniy he locaion o paiens wih pulmonary uberculosis was conduced wih he goal o esablishing a consumpive colony ouside Manila. A census o all lepers was aken o sudy he easibiliy o segregaing hem in he island o Cagayan de Jolo, where hey could be given beter care, allowed greaer libery, and made more conened han when confined in hospials. Evenually, in
2
Above: Te San Lazaro Compound provided a sancuary or hose who were affliced wih he conagious diseases prevalen in he 1910s.
1905, the Leper Law was passed, creating the Culion Leper Colony. •
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CHAPTER 3
Te Filipinizaion o Healh Services
n
(1918-1941)
Te Mandae o Public Healh (1918-1941)
During the battle for liberation of Manila, the Philippine General Hospital could not handle the casualties alone. Thus, the US Army converted an old school building into a make shift civilian hospital, the North General Hospital. Following the name of its first director, it was later named Jose R. Reyes Memorial Medical Center.
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Chapter TH E FI LI PI NI ZAT IO N OF HE ALTH SE RV IC ES �1 918 �19 41 �
3
65 Jose R. Reyes Memorial Medical Center at the San Lazaro Compound
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66
Fernando Amorsolo creaed his arwork o commemorae he passage o he Jones Law on Augus 29, 1916. All personaliies insrumenal o he A c’s passage are eaured here: Governor General Francis Harrison, Represenaive William Jones and Presiden Woodrow Wilson or he American side; and Residen Commissioner Manuel Earnshaw, Speaker Sergio Osmeña, and Senae Presiden Manuel Quezon or he Philippines.
Chapter TH E FI LI PI NI ZAT IO N OF HE ALTH SE RV IC ES �1 918 �19 41 �
3
Te election of Democratic candidate Woodrow Wilson in 1912 as US President signaled a change in policy towards the Philippines, a change that was effected by Francis Harrison who served as Governor-General to the islands for eight years. Harrison’s erm became known or opening he civil governmen o greaer Filipino paricipaion. e Jones Law, passed in 1916, was crafed o ormalize US commimen owards graning Philippine independence. In he meanime, Filipinos were given opporuniies o exercise sel-governance unil he counry was deemed ready or ull auonomy. e Jones Law creaed he Philippine Senae and auhorized he reorganizaion o he execuive deparmens o he governmen. Under Ac No. 222, our deparmens were creaed, among hem, he Deparmen o Public Insrucion. Under his Deparmen ell he direcion and supervision o he Philippine Healh Service. While leadership posiions were gradually assumed by Filipinos a his ime, he porolio o Public Insrucion, asked wih he guardianship o he Sae over he menal developmen and physical welare o he ciizens, remained in American hands. Under Dr. Vicor Heiser’s direcorship, he Philippine General Hospial (PGH) was opened on Sepember 10, 1910. W hen Dr. Vicor Heiser resigned on February 28, 1915, he was immediaely replaced by Dr. John D. Long. Filipinizaion o he healh ser vice was accomplished only when Dr. Vicene de Jesus, he Deparmen’s firs Filipino Assisan Direcor, was given he posiion o Direcor on January 1, 1919 . Under he Jones Law, he Philip pine Healh Service came under he supervision o he Deparmen o Public Insrucion. Dr. Vicene De Jesus was appoined he firs Filipino Assisan Direcor o he Philippine Healh Service on January 22, 1914. Five years afer, he headed he ull Filipinizaion o he Service.
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68
Chapter TH E FI LI PI NI ZAT IO N OF HE ALTH SE RV IC ES �1 918 �19 41 �
Te Americans buil he Universiy o he PhilippinesCollege o Medicine and Surgery in 1905 using he blueprin o he bes medical school a ha ime, he Johns Hopkins Universiy.
3
n Secreary o Inerior, Dean Worceser, wih assisance om US Presiden William af buil a sae-o-he ar public hospial, he Philippine General Hospial, benefiting Filipinos and Americans.
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Former Governor-General William Forbes (lef) and Major General Leonard Wood (righ) were sen by Presiden Warren Harding o head he mission ha would deermine US policy wih regard o he Filipinizaion o he governmen.
For a populaion o 10.5 million Filipinos, here were 930 nurses.
THE ADMINISTRATION OF LEONARD WOOD e eigh years o democraic adminisraion ended in 1921 wih he ascension o epublican Warren Harding o he presidency o he Unied Saes. Almos immediaely, an invesigaion and evaluaion o he condiions in he Philippines under he polic ies o he democraic adminisraion was conduced, headed by Major General Leonard Wood and ormer Governor-General William Forbes. Despie he grea srides achieved by he previous adminisraion, he Wood-Forbes Mission pained a grim picure o healh and saniary condiions in he Philippines, saying ha he “excellen healh service which had prev iously exised had become largely iner.” ey noed he lack o hospials and dispensaries and he loss o “zeal and vigor” among he healh personnel.
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Chapter TH E FI LI PI NI ZAT IO N OF HE ALTH SE RV IC ES �1 918 �19 41 �
e saisics o he Philippine Healh Service also showed a seady increase in recen years in he number o cases o prevenable diseases, paricularly yphoid, malaria, beriberi, and uberculosis. e deecive mehods applied in healhcare had resuled in he deahs o more han 50,000 people and he seady rise in cases o y phoid ever. Graver sill was he ac ha in 1919, here were 115,000 deahs rom smallpox and cholera, moraliies ha could have easily been prevened. A grea shorage o docors, nurses, and properly rained saniary personnel was anoher challenge o he sysem. ere were only 930 nurses or a populaion o en and a hal million Filipinos. Ouside o he larges owns, hospials were so ew and ar beween. As well, aciliies or lepers and he menally ill were ound erribly insufficien.
3
Te Philippine Healh Service underwen subsanial changes. An ac was passed alloting all provinces an amoun equivalen o he sum se aside by he provincial board or hospial purposes.
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Universiy o he Philippines College o Medicine Graduaing Class o 1912, including is firs emale graduae o medicine, Dr. Paz Mendoza-Guazon.
72
Chapter TH E FI LI PI NI ZAT IO N OF HE ALTH SE RV IC ES �1 918 �19 41 �
3
One o he firs nursing classes o graduae om he Universiy o he Philippines.
UP College o Medicine wih Dr. Paul Freer as is firs dean in he 1910s.
In he1930s, a new sraegy was used o curb uberculosis. In he provinces, he Bureau o Healh se up ravelling X-ray clinics and B pavilions.
73
THE DEPARTMENT x
A Legacyof e Public Health OF HEALTH STORY
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Governor General Francis Harrison creaed a Cenral Advisory Board o Healh and Physical Educaion o ensure a more sysemaic approach owards he healh and physical educaion o school children. Shown here is Gov. Gen. Harrison, flanked by Speaker Osmeña and Senae Presiden Quezon in Malacañan Palace.
Te firs issue o Te Philippine Journal o Science was in 1906.Auhors researched on our naural science, engineering, mah and social science. Under direc insrucions o Presiden Teodore Roosevel, in is succeeding issues, he firs invenory o Philippine plan diversiy by American boaniss was eaured.
74
Maj. General Leonard Wood himsel ook he lead in addressing he healh problems his mission idenified. is physician, saniarian o world renown, humaniarian, and ormer Governor o he Muslim provinces in Mindanao, ormally assumed office as GovernorGeneral o he Philippines on Ocober 15, 1921. He sressed he need o give more atenion o maters o public healh and saniaion, as “oo many precious lives are los each year ha could be saved, and easily saved.” o sem he ide o increasing public healh problems, he many healh uncions widely scatered among many deparmens o he governmen were placed under one head. Wha ollowed were a series o programs and policies ha had a significan impac on he healh condiions in he counry.
Chapter TH E FI LI PI NI ZAT IO N OF HE ALTH SE RV IC ES �1 918 �19 41 �
3
Wood’s adminisraion saw he esablishmen o healh and puericulure ceners or he educaion o mohers regarding personal hygiene and saniaion. ese healh ceners were deemed a brillian example o privae and public secor parnership as hey were organized by prominen ciizens o he communiy, operaed and unded by a board o direcors, and aided by allocaions rom governmen disbursed by he Philippine Healh Service. In spie o he noble aims which accompanied he esablishmen o hese ceners, lack o unds resuled in heir operaion in only a fifh o he municipaliies in he counry. As hese were mosly susained by volunary conribuions, only he wealhies areas had puericulure ceners, o he derimen o he poorer communiies which needed heir services more.
One o he mobiles used by he Philippine Healh Service or dispensing medicines in he 1920s
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Puericulure ceners were esablished or he educaion o mohers and heir children.
76
As a response, he Philippine Legislaure passed Ac No. 3200 on December 2, 1924 in suppor o puericulure ceners. Auhoriy was given o he governmen o ake over managemen o hose ceners which had ceased operaions or five consecuive years, while exempion rom cerain ees encouraged organizaions in he creaion o new ones. e healh o school-aged children was likewise no negleced during Wood’s erm. On March 8, 1922, he Philippine Legislaure mandaed he healh examinaion o all school children a leas once a year hrough Ac No. 3029. Prevenion became a key sraegy, and so vaccinaions agains smallpox, cholera and yphoid were mandaed. Sadly, he program was burdened by he lack o rained personnel. Finally, wih he aid o he ockeeller Foundaion, Wood’s adminisraion exered effors o srenghen he compeency o Filipino healh workers. Addiional raining was provided o address he long- sanding need o Filipino healh workers o acquire knowledge on combaing diseases and illnesses. Among he projecs underaken by he Foundaion was he esablishmen o he School o Public Healh and Hygiene a he Universiy o he Philippines.
Chapter TH E FI LI PI NI ZAT IO N OF HE ALTH SE RV IC ES �1 918 �19 41 �
3
Te Philippine Medical School was ounded in 1905 in Herran S. (now Pedro Gil) in Manila. I was laer incor poraed as he UP College o Medicine and Surgery.
In he Universiy o he Philippines, a young medical suden ocuses on his sudies wih he hough o ulfilling his dream o becoming a docor someday.
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THE DEPARTMENT x
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THE ADMINISTRATION OF THEODORE ROOSEVELT
Governor General Teodore Roosevel, Jr. and Mrs. Roosevel inspecing Culion island as par o he esablishmen o he Culion Leper Colony, creaed by he Second Philippine Commission.
78
In 1932, eodore oosevel, Jr. became Governor-General o he Philippines. oosevel’s aggressive sance on public healh served as one o he hallmarks o his adminisraion. Wihin his firs year in ofice, oosevel abolished he Philippine Healh Service, he Office o he Public Welare Commissioner and he uberculosis Commission, and combined hese agencies under he Bureau o Healh and Public Welare hrough Ac No. 4007. All hese services were placed under he newly creaed posiion o he Commissioner o Healh and Welare. Wih his ac, oosevel unied all he agencies o he governmen relaing o public healh in one deparmen. Dr. Basilio J. Valdes, a medical examiner or he Philippine Consabulary and he Chairman o he Board o Medical Examiners, was named acing Commissioner o Healh and Public Welare.
Chapter TH E FI LI PI NI ZAT IO N OF HE ALTH SE RV IC ES �1 918 �19 41 �
3
Above: Wih increasing cases o leprosy being repored, he Americans decided o esablish a ormal, segregaed island o conrol he spread o he disease and ulimaely eliminae i. Culion was chosen among hree oher locaions. Lef: Culion Leper Colony reas everyone wih respec and digniy. For he people here, i is also an opporuniy o be o service o he counry by aking care o hose affliced by he disease.
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n Even during he early American period, creaive sraegies were used o promoe healh. Shown here is a floa o he governmen’s ani-uberculosis campaign during he popular Manila Carnival in 1924.
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As head o he newly renamed and reorganized Deparmen o Healh and Welare, Dr. Jose Fabella prioriized programs agains uberculosis, malnuriion, malaria, leprosy, gasroinesinal diseases, and high inan morali y.
A ypical hospial and pharmacy in Sampaloc, Manila. Te Americans launched widespread public healh improvemens in disease conrol, healh educaion, wase managemen, and waer, ood and drugs saey.
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oosevel’s adminisraion saw effors o involve he privae secor in maters o public healh and iniiaives o inorm he greaer public abou healhcare. He solicied he paricipaion o privae praciioners, as represened by medical groups like he Philippine Medical Associaion (PMA) and he Colegio Medico-Farmaceuico de Filipinas. o increase awareness among people in maters relaing o healh, he Bureau o Healh publicaion “e Healh Messenger” was convered ino an organ or he disseminaion o healh-relaed inormaion. Abou 30,000 copies o each monhly issue was ranslaed ino he popular dialecs o he archipelago, besides English, and disribued in pamphle orm. Educaional posers were disseminaed and communiy assemblies were convened, usually during fiesas and esivals or public lecures on healh. is was in addiion o he use o public radio in he disseminaion o healh inormaion.
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A ypical hospial in he province buil by he Amercians. Beginning in 1910, he Amercians provided a sewer sysem and aresian wells or drinking waer, and buil more hospials in he provinces o conrol he rapid spread o diseases.
“Public healh and saniaion mus be given more atenion and suppor... because i is in he care o he sick, he insane, and he helpless ha he civili zaion and developmen o a people is in large measure indicaed.” � Gov. Gen. Leonard Wood
In 1934, Dr. Jose Fabella was appoined Commissioner o Public Healh and Welare. Disaser and emergency managemen became a mandae o he Commission on Public Healh and Welare during his era. During his period, incidence o waer-borne diseases significanly decreased due o he consrucion o a modern waer filraion plan in Manila ha supplied sae qualiy waer. e governmen ran 80 hospials wih 4,402 beds and more han 1,000 dispensaries all over he counry. Governmen aciliies or menal paiens were doubled, while a school or children wih menal disabiliies was esablished. raveling clinics were deployed o provide medical care or hose living in remoe areas.
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n In 1915, he firs “Healhy Baby Cones” was iniiaed in response o one o he big ges healh problems o he ime – he high rae o children and inans dying beore five years o age.
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THE PHILIPPINE COMMONWEALTH �1935�1942, 1945�1947� Wih he raificaion o he ydings-McDuffie Ac by he Philippine Senae in 1935, he counry was well on is way owards oal independence. e Ac provided or a en-year ransiion period, a ime or preparaion during which he Philippines srenghened is capaciy or sel-governance. Under he Commonwealh governmen, Manuel Quezon became he firs Presiden. On May 31, 1939, he Deparmen o Healh and Public Welare was born by virue o Commonwealh Ac 430. Dr. Jose Fabella became he firs Secreary o Healh and Public Welare, which was asked wih he proecion o he healh o he people, he mainenance o saniary condiions, and he proper enorcemen o healh laws, saniaion, and social services. Healh and social welare were imporan cornersones o he social jusice program under he Philippine Commonwealh. Despie limied unds, he governmen was deermined no only o coninue bu o build on he achievemens made under American rule. Under Presiden Quezon’s leadership, he governmen buil and improved hospials, healh aciliies and puericulure ceners in he counry. raining on maernal and child Upon his assumpion o he presidency o he Commonwealh governmen, Presiden Manuel L. Quezon prioriized healh and diligenly looked or unds or is programs.
Presiden Quezon, who himsel suffered om uberculosis, swears in Dr. Fabella who was reained as head o he Bureau o Healh. Te Presiden increased he bureau’s budge by more han a million pesos in 1938.
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Above: Wih he medical progress in Europe and he Unied Saes, by he year 1930s more Filipinos waned o be docors. Shown above are he medical examinaions given annually by he Board o Medical Examiners.
healh services were made more comprehensive and nurse supervisors were made o ake public healh nursing courses. Saniary divisions were expanded; special concerns such as leprosy, venereal diseases, menal disorders, and inecious diseases were addressed by he creaion and improvemen o specialy aciliies. One such aciliy was he Sanol Sanaorium, iniially buil or uberculosis paiens in 1918. During he Commonwealh era, his sanaorium was urned ino a eriary hospial, popularly known as he Quezon Insiue. ese effors were suppored by he privae secor, voluneer organizaions, and religious groups who became he governmen’s parners in providing healh services or ree or a nominal cos. Wih financial assisance rom he Philippine Chariy Sweepsakes Office (PCSO), or example, Naional Chariy Clinics were esablished in 1939 o address he inequiies o healh resources. New docors were encouraged o sar pracicing ouside o ciy ceners and o render ree consulaion services o indigens or a leas wo hours ever y day. ese chariy clinics included ambulaory denal clinics as well. I was also during he Commonwealh era ha a public healh laboraory wih modern aciliies, he Insiue o Hygiene and he Philippine General Hospial were reorganized. Several wards, including a uni or he reamen and sudy o cancer, or which an enire building was consruced, were added o he PGH.
In 1934, he Sweepsakes law ook effec and par o is earnings provided unds or healh projecs such as he governmen’s program o comba uberculosis. Te PCSO managed he unds and is lasing memorial o Presiden Quezon was he Quezon Insiue.
On February 1945 an emergency hospial wih 100-bed capaciy was esablished by he Philippine Civilian Affairs Uni No. 5 (PCAU-5) o caer o civilian war casualies. I grew up o a raining hospial in 1947 and was named Norh General Hospial. A presen, i is known as Jose R. Reyes Memorial Medical Cener a eriary level, eachingraining general hospial locaed in Sa. Cruz, Manila.
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THE JAPANESE OCCUPATION �1942�1945� e gains o he Commonwealh, however, were soon crushed by he onslaugh o he conquering Japanese Imperial Forces. On December 6, 1941, he Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor in Hawaii. e Philippines, as an American ally, ound isel a war. Over he nex ew weeks, he careully orchesraed assaul o he Japanese culminaed in he occ upaion o Manila while he American and Filipino orces made a las sand on he island orress o Corregidor. e Japanese-sponsored Philippine epublic was inauguraed on Ocober 14, 1943 wih Jose P. Laurel as presiden. From 1942-1943, Claro M. eco served as Commissioner o Educaion, Healh, and Public Welare, wih Dr. Eusebio Aguilar as Direcor o Healh.
A ravaged Legislaive Building was one o he concree casualies o he war.
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Under he Japanese occupaion, incidence o uberculosis, malaria, and severe malnuriion increased among he lower classes. Over 5,000 previously segre gaed lepers escaped in search o ood.
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Presiden Jose Laurel signs he draf o he 1943 Consiuion a he Meropolian Waerworks Building on Arroceros Sree in Manila.
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On January 30, 1942, Presiden Quezon’s Execuive Secreary Jorge Vargas became he Chairman o he Philippine Execuive C ommission which replaced he Commonwealh governmen. Insiued by he Japanese Imperial Forces, Vargas issued Execuive Order No.1, which placed he Bureau o Healh including he Quaranine Service, under he newly ormed Deparmen o Healh and Public Welare.
e Japanese Occupaion was relaively brie, lasing rom 1942 o 1945. Bu or he Filipinos who lived in ear and deprivaion, hose years were a long, horrible nighmare. Food and medicine were scarce, diseases like malaria and uberculosis raged over he counry. A smatering o healh direcives regarding he operaion o saniary markes, he disribuion o milk, and submission o repors concerning oubreaks o diseases were issued beween 1942 and 1943. In he ollowing years, hree healh insiuions were creaed: he Philippine Malaria elie Associaion, he Board o Nuriional esearch, and he Medicinal Plan Commitee. Finally, owards he end o Japanese occupaion, Presiden Laurel issued Ac No. 37, which reopened puericulure ceners and esablished new ones in he municipaliies and charered ciies in he Philippines. Founded in 1905, he A sociacion Feminisa Filipina buil a milk saion, Goa de Leche (“Drop o Milk”), which ook care o children suffering om beriberi and malnuriion. Te aciliy was used or milk raioning, providing milk or babies whose mohers were unable o breaseed and servi ng as a puericulure cener during he war.
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Claro M. Reco was appoined o head he new deparmen as Commissioner o Educaion, Healh, and Public Welare. He was reained by Presiden Laurel as Miniser o Educaion, Healh and Public Welare when he Philippine Execuive Commission was dissolved and he new Philippi ne governmen was insalled.
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When he Philippine Republic was inauguraed on Ocober 14, 1943, he Naional Assembly provided assisance o reopen he puericulure ceners and o esablish new ones in he differen municipaliies and charered ciies in he Philip pines.
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Te Commonwealh was re-esablished upon he liberaion o Manila in 1945. Presiden Sergio Osmeña wih General Douglas MacArhur and Secreary o Inerior Jose Zuluea resored he Deparmen o Healh and Public Welare, which had sopped operaions when he governmen was in exile.
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LIBERATION AND RECONSTRUCTION �1945�1946� General Douglas MacArhur lef Corregidor wih a promise o reurn, and on February 3, 1945, afer a series o batles ough over land and sea, he General made good on his vow and liberaed Manila. On February 27, 1945, under he leadership o Presiden Sergio Osmeña, he Commonwealh governmen was reconsiued. General Basilio J. Valdez was appoined as Secreary o Healh and Public Welare, Secreary o Naional Deense and Chie o Saff o he Philippine Army. He was soon replaced by Dr. Jose C. L ocsin as Acing Secreary o Healh and Public Welare. A survey o he healh and saniary condiions in pos-war Philippines conduced by he Unied Saes Public Healh Service (USPHS) repored grim findings: he cases o inecious diseases were high; malnuriion and beriberi were widespread; public saniaion was in a deplorable sae; and desrucion o healh inrasrucure posed new hreas o cholera, plague, smallpox, and oher epidemics. War had indeed lef he naion in a weakened sae. Bu wih he end o he Common wealh period in sigh, nohing deerred he naion urher rom achieving he dream o independence.
uberculosis, which daes back o 2700 BC in China, was a major epidemic in 19h cenury Philippines and was a leading cause o deah. A ypical ee clinic in Sampaloc, Manila
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n Carrying bundles o joy, he nurses o he Mary Johnson Hospial provided hope a he oubreak o war.
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CHAPTER 4
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Te Deparmen o Healh ( 1947-2014 )
The newly minted Department of Health faced the daunting task of building a healthy Filipino citizenry.
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97 A path in the San Lazaro Compound, on the left is the Office of the S ecretary.
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e Philippine flag being hoised over Lunea Park on July 4, 1946 was a momen long-awaied by he Filipino people. I had aken a revoluion and no a ew wars spread over our and hal cenuries o gain independence, bu a las, he Philippines had earned is sovereigny. I was also a counry in desperae need o rebuilding afer he liberaion had lef is capial in ruins and many o is people hungry and sick. e Americans, in exchange or pariy righs, appropriaed $600 million or he rehabiliaion o he counry hrough he Philippine ehabiliaion Ac o 1946. Under his program, he Philippine’s Deparmen o Healh and Public Welare, wih assisance rom he US Public Healh Service (USPHS), underook he massive ask o nursing a naion back o healh hrough saniaion, disease conrol, and nuriion, among oher crucial healh needs. While he counry was being rebuil rom he war, Presiden Manuel oxas saw he need or resrucuring wihin. His erm saw he separaion o he counry’s healh and public welare offices hrough Execuive Order No. 94 issued on Ocober 4, 1947. e spli gave birh o he Deparmen o Healh (DOH), headed by Secreary Anonio Villarama.
Dr. Anonio C.Villarama was a ormer congressman who auhored he bill creaing he Deparmen o Healh and Public Welare in 1939. Presiden Roxas seleced him o join he cabine as secreary o he Deparmen o Healh.
Manuel Roxas, he firs presiden o he Republic, creaed he Naional Advisory Council o sudy problems o public healh and saniaion and o make recommendaions or heir improvemen and he promoion o medical research.
A view om he grandsand during he ceremonies or he inauguraion o he Republic o he Philippines on July 4, 1946.Te Philippine flag was raised as he American flag was lowered.
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Te Philippines is among he op 22 naions in he world wih high uberculosis burden.
Presiden Elpidio Quirino recommended beore he Philippine C ongress he approval o legislaion providing or pre-paid medical service o populaions who canno afford medical assisance, especially in remoe rural communiies.
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Dr. Juan Salcedo, Jr.
In he resrucuring, he DOH was pu in charge o al l ciy healh offices, he Bureau o Healh, he Bureau o Quaranine, and a new division, he Bureau o Hospials. e prevenive and curaive services o he Deparmen were made disinc rom each oher, wih he Bureau o Healh reaining conrol o he ormer and he Bureau o Hospials aking charge o he later. ese wo uncions were no reunied or anoher hree decades. In he coming years, he mandae o he Deparmen coninued o grow. Anoher reorganizaion under he adminisraion o Presiden Elpidio Quirino gave DOH he conrol over he Insiue o Nuriion in 1950. When is Direcor, Dr. Juan S. Salcedo, Jr. was appoined Secreary o Healh, he Insiue’s uncions were also ranserred o he DOH. HE 1950s e World Healh Organizaion (WHO) egional Headquarers or Wesern Pacific was ranserred rom Hong ong o he Philippines on Augus 15, 1951, hus, adding prominence o he counry in he field o healh. Funding rom inernaional parners like he WHO gave he much-needed suppor or many o our healh programs during his period. e US Agency or Inernaional Developmen (USAID) provided resources in suppor o amily planning, while he Unied Naions Inernaional Children’s Emergency Fund (UNICEF) assised in he campaign agains uberculosis, especially or children. W hen Baccilus Calmete Guerin (BCG) was firs inroduced o he Philippines in 1952, mass BCG vaccinaions were joinly underaken by UNICEF and he DOH. o his day, BCG remains par o counry’s naional immunizaion program.
Bacillus Calmete Guerin (BCG) was firs used as a vaccine agains uberculosis during he adminisraion o Presiden Quirino.
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HEALTHCARE FOR THE MASSES �1953�1957� e elecion o Presiden amon Magsaysay in 1953 was perceived o be he vicory o he common olk o whom he Presiden had endeared himsel during he campaign. o implemen his healh agenda o reaching ou o he masses, Presiden Magsaysay appoined Dr. Paulino Garcia as Secreary o Healh. His flagship program or healh was esablishing a clinic in every municipaliy, which was realized hrough he ural Healh Uni (HU) Ac o 1954. Eighy-one o hese unis were esablished in he differen provinces o implemen basic healh services: maernal and child healh, environmenal healh, communicable disease conrol, generaion o v ial saisics, medical care, healh educaion, and public healh nursing.
According o he Ageing and Healh Programme o WHO, over 60% o elders live in developing counries. I was under he Magsaysay adminisraion ha he Rural Healh Uni Ac o 1954 was passed. Te new law srenghened he delivery o healh and denal services in he rural areas.
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Afer he deah o Presiden Magsaysay, Presiden Carlos Garcia reained Secreary Paulino Garcia in he cabine. Secreary Garcia’s successor, Dr. Elpidio Valencia, coninued he ormer secreary’s iniiaives.
owards he end o he 1950s, he goal o bringing healhcare closer o he people was adoped by he adminisraion o Presiden Carlos P. Garcia hrough he creaion o egional Healh Offices via Execuive Order 288, signed on February 20, 1958. egional Healh Offices were asked o direc, coordinae, and supervise all healh services and aciviies in he regions, a sraegy ha aimed or more efficien delivery o healh serv ices.
Presiden Magsaysay’s vision o providing his people wih sae drinking waer was realized wih he insallaion o aresian wells in he barrios wih he help o civic organizaions.
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Trough he Deconrol Program, Presiden Macapagal impored more han hal a million pesos worh o drugs o give he masses a chance o avail o hese medicines a a lower price.
THE MACAPAGAL ADMINISTRATION �1961�1965� In 1961, ormer Vice-Presiden Diosdado Macapagal began his erm as Presiden o he Philippines. Upon assuming office, he presened he Five-Year Inegraed Socio-Economic Plan or he Philippines o Congress, proposing he improvemen and expansion o various public services, including public healh. Dr. Francisco Q. Duque was designaed Secreary o Healh in 1962. Wih umos concern or he welare o he poores in Philippine soc iey, Secreary Duque envisioned a plan ha would exend adequae medical and healhcare services o he needy a no cos. owards he end o he 1960s, and afer exensive sudies on exising medical care sysems, he iniiaive o Secreary Duque led o he firs naional healh insurance plan presened o Congress. A succession o secrearies was appoined afer Dr. Duque upon his decision o run or public office. Dr. Floro Dabu served beween 1963 and 1964, ol lowed by Dr. odolo Caños who occupied he pos as Acing Secreary rom March o December 1964. Dr. Manuel Cuenco was hen appoined o he pos, serving as Secreary unil he end o he Macapagal adminisraion in 1965. roughou he Macapagal adminisraion, several pieces o healh-relaed legislaion were passed, among hem, R 3720 or he Food, Drug, and Cosmeics Ac. e passage
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o he law in 1963 creaed he Food and Drug Adminisraion (FDA), which was asked o ensure he qualiy and saey o new producs being inroduced o he marke. In June 1964, he Naional Waer and Air Polluion Conrol Commission was creaed hrough R 3931. e ollowing year, he Naional Schisosomiasis Conrol Commission was insiued by virue o R 4359, providing a vial link beween inernaional and local agencies in he conrol o parasiic diseases.
(Lef - righ) Dr. Francisco Q. Duque Jr., Dr. Floro Dabu, Dr. Rodolo Caños and Dr. Manuel Cuenco
Dr. Duque encouraged Congress o pass a bill ha ensures he saey, puriy, and qualiy o ood, drugs, and cosmeics in he counry. Tis resuled in he passage o Republic Ac 3720 or he Food, Drug , and Cosmeics Ac on June 22, 1963.
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THE MARCOS ADMINISTRATION �1965�1986� Dr. Paulino Garcia
Dr. Amadeo Cruz
Campaigns or disease conrol were showing relaive success in he early 1960s. is seady progress coninued unil Presiden Ferdinand Marcos’ assumpion o office. He appoined Dr. Paulino Garcia o a second erm as Secreary o Healh in 1965. Unlike previous secrearies, Dr. Amadeo Cruz rose rom he ranks. He began as presiden o a saniary division, and hen became Chie o he Epidemiology and Saisics Secion o he Bureau o Healh. Prior o his appoinmen as Secreary o Healh, he was Direcor o Healh Services. One o he definiive momens o he decade was he passage o a landmark bill wih he aim o provide healhcare or Filipinos: e Philippine Medical Care Ac o 1969, also known as “Medicare”. Medicare was designed o exend healhcare o Filipinos wihin he naion’s economic means and capabiliies, and o provide he people pracical means o help hemselves pay or sufficien medical care. While Medicare primarily benefied he employed secor, i was a major sep in he journey owards achieving healhcare or all Filipinos. A he end o ha decade, he creaion o he Populaion Commission hrough EO 171 brough o ligh he urgency o populaion managemen.
THE MARTIAL LAW YEARS �1972�1981� Dr. Clemene Gamaian, appoined as Acing Secreary o Healh in 1971, ormally became he Secreary o Healh in 1974. During his erm, he esrucured Healh Care Delivery Sysem was iniiaed, classiying healh serv ices ino primary, secondary, and eriary levels. In suppor o primary healh services, he resrucuring provided or he creaion o barangay healh saions which would supply every five housand inhabians o a communiy wih one midwie, an improvemen over he 1:20,000 raio provided by he ural Healh Ac o
Dr. Clemene Gamaian
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1954. Addiionally, midwives were given auhoriy o perorm oher asks and responsibiliies in general healhcare. o complemen his move, he ural Healh Pracice Program was launched in 1976, fielding new docors and nurses o serve in rural areas or a period o hree o six monhs. e imposiion o Marial Law on Sepember 21, 1972 was ollowed by he raificaion o he 1973 Consiuion ha replaced he charer drafed in 1935. e new consiuion provided or a parliamenary orm o governmen, headed by a Prime Miniser. On June 2, 1978, he Deparmen o Healh was ransormed ino he Minisry o Healh, making Dr. Gamaian he firs Miniser o Healh.
Presiden Marcos approved he Philippine Medical Care Ac o 1969 which provided hospializaion, sur gical, and medical expense benefis or Filipinos.
Benigno S. Aquino Jr. was he Head o he Reorganizaion Panel on Healh and Populaion in 1972.
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In July 1979, Dr. Gamaian was replaced by Dr. Enrique Garcia. e inensificaion o he Malaria Conrol Program and he acceleraion o he Naional B Conrol Program marked his wo-year erm. He also inroduced programs geared owards he improvemen o manpower developmen and he upgrading o residency raining. Miniser Garcia reired in June 1981 and was succeeded by Dr. Jesus Azurin, who served unil he end o he Marcos adminisraion. e Marial Law years saw clear advances in nuriion and child healh. As early as 1968, he Naional Nuriion Program was implemened o address he malnuriion o inans and preschool children. In 1979, a specialy medical aciliy or children was buil: he Philippine Children’s Medical Cener (PCMC). In ac, hrough Proclamaion 1605, he years 1977-1986 were officially proclaimed he “Decade o he Filipino Child.” Aside rom he PCMC, hree oher specialy hospials rose under he Marcos era: e Philippine Hear Cener was esablished in 1975; he Lung Cener o he Philippines in 1981; and he Naional idney Insiue in 1983.
Dr. Enrique Garcia was he successor o Dr. Gamaian. Dr. Garcia served or wo years unil his reiremen in 1981. Dr. Albero Romualdez was one o his medical advisers.
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During his era, hree neighboring specialy hospials -- he Lung Cener o he Philippines, Philippine Hear Cener, and Naional Kidney Insiue -were esablished in Quezon Ciy. Tese hree were ondly known as he “bopis riangle.”
Te Philippine Hear Cener was inauguraed on February 14, 1975. Te even was graced by renowned cardiologiss Dr. Chrisian Barnard and Dr. Denon Cooley.
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PRIMARY HEALTH CARE: HEALTH FOR ALL! �1981�1985�
urn over o Secreary Garcia o Secreary Azurin o he MOH porolio.
e Alma-Aa Declaraion o 1978 was he resul o he firs Inernaional Conerence on Primary Healh Care (PHC) held in azakhsan. e principles behind PHC were accessibiliy, communiy paricipaion, healh promoion, he use o appropriae echnology and a muli-secoral approach. Wih is emphasis on helping developing counries like he Philippines o mee he needs o is poores ciizens, he Alma Aa batle cry was “Healh or All.” Soon afer assuming office, Dr. Azurin launched he naionwide implemenaion o Primary Healh Care. He creaed he Inegraed Provincial Healh Office, remerging he prevenive and curaive healh services o he DOH, which had been separaed since he ime o Presiden oxas in he lae
Dr. Jesus Azurin launched he naionwide implemenaion o he Primary Healh Care approach, which made him he firs World Healh Organizaion Sasakawa Healh Prize recipien.
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I was on Sepember 6-12, 1978 ha he Declaraion o Alma Aa was adoped a he Inernaional Conerence on Primary Healh Care in Almay (ormerly Alma Aa) , Kazakhsan (ormerly Kazah Sovie Socialis Republic)
Te WHO is regarded as echnical advisor o he DOH on public healh issues. I has been key in providing echnical and leadership suppor during healh emergencies and in esablishing norms and sandards in he healh secor. 1940s. During Dr. Azurin’s erm, he esearch Insiue or ropical Medicine was esablished o address he need or research on inecious and ropical diseases. e firs herbal processing plan in he Davao egional Healh Office also began operaions. For his effors o promoe PHC in he Philippines, Dr. Azurin was he firs Filipino awarded wih he WHO Sasakawa Healh Prize in 1985.
Dr. Julie Hall was appoined as WHO Counry Represenaive o he Philippines in 2013.
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THE AQUINO ADMINISTRATION �1986�1992�
Upon he resoraion o democracy, chosen o lead he Minisry o Healh was Dr. Aledo Bengzon. His raining in Business Managemen was handy in reorganizing he minisry.
e resoraion o democracy ha began wih he People Power evoluion in 1986 required a complee overhaul o he bureaucracy. One o Presiden Corazon Aquino’s firs acs was he issuance o EO 119, which marked he reurn o he Deparmen o Healh rom he previous Minisry o Healh. I also reorganized and expanded he Deparmen wih Dr. Alredo . A. Bengzon as is Secreary. He assumed office on March 3, 1986. Like Philippine poliics, he sae o he naion’s healh also saw a shif in his decade. Alhough pneumonia and uberculosis sill posed major healh concerns, diseases o he hear, he vascular sysem and cancers, also known as “ liesyle diseases,” creaed a new se o challenges or he public healh sysem. e win problems o persising inecious diseases and he emergence o liesyle diseases is commonly reerred o as he “double burden o disease” o developing naions like he Philippines. In a move o prioriize healhcare under her adminisraion, Presiden Aquino increased he healh budge rom 4 billion o 11 billion pesos.
Secreary Bengzon ran or Senae ew monhs beore he e nd o he Corazon Aquino adminisraion.
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Te Milk Code o 1986 e mphasizes he superioriy o breasmilk in providing he complee nuriional needs o children in heir early years.
In Ocober 1986, EO 51, commonly reerred o as “e Milk Code,” was signed wih he aim o ensure sae and adequae nuriion or inans hrough he promoion o breaseeding. e ollowing year also saw he beginning o he Field Epidemiology raining Program (FEP) under he direcorship o Dr. Manuel Dayri. e esablishmen o he FEP was a major push owards developing our counry ’s experise in epidemiology and disease surveillance, providing our healh sysem wih he valuable inormaion needed o direc public healh policies, heir implemenaion and aciliae beter response and miigaion sraegies during disease oubreaks. e landmark bill signed during he Aquino Adminisraion was R 6675, more popularly known as he Generics Drug Ac, mandaing physicians o provide generic as well as branded opions o paiens when prescribing medicine. e Generics Ac, which gave he people access o affordable medicine, was he precursor o he Cheaper Medicines Ac passed in he erm o Presiden Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo.
I ook 20 years or he Generics Ac o be signed ino law and be implemened. Despie many hurdles i has benefited more Filipinos, many o whom canno afford he high cos o medicine.
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wo oher pieces o legislaion were passed in he beginning o 1990s, alhough he sweeping reorms signaled by boh laws were no immediaely el. R 7160 or he Local Governmen Code o 1991 ushered in he devoluion o services no only or he DOH bu oher governmen agencies. Devoluion effecively ranserred he managemen and implemenaion o public services o local governmen unis. Upon he resignaion o Dr. Bengzon, Dr. Anonio Perique succeeded he posiion. During his erm, he long-delayed implemenaion o 20% discoun on hospial and laboraory ees in governmen aciliies or governmen employees as well as heir immediae amily members was finally effeced. is privilege was sipulaed in R 747, which was enaced way back 1952. In March 1992, he Magna Cara or Public Healh Workers (R 7305) was passed, providing or he benefis o healh workers. Insuficien unds, however, kep i rom being ully implemened. Upon he resignaion o Dr. Bengzon, Undersecreary or Hospial Faciliies and Regulaion Dr. Anonio Perique became Secreary o Healh, rendering service hroughou he Aquino adminisraion.
Wih less han a year, Secreary Perique acively promoed communiy based rehabiliaion program.
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Inernal Medicine Residens assessing a paien’s condiion a he Emergency Room o he NKI Diagnosic Cener
Dengue is a viral disease common during he rainy season and is ransmied by an ineced Aedes aegypi mosquio. Dengue has been a problem in he Philippines since 1953, he year hemorrhagic ever was repored or he firs ime in he counry. NKI Emergency Room riage Corner
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FIDEL AND FLAVIER �1992�1995� In 1992, Fidel V. amos was eleced as he counry’s welfh Presiden. Presiden amos oulined his socio-economic goal or he Philippines o become a newly indusrialized counry by he year 2000. o helm he DOH, he appoined Dr. Juan Flavier whose experience as a rural healh praciioner resuled in some o he mos innovaive programs implemened by he DOH. His cachphrase “Le’s DOH I!” capured he inecious vialiy ha his ‘barrio docor’ brough o he Deparmen.
Dr. Juan Flavier epiomized he eagerness o his “Le’s DOH i!” slogan.
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Secreary Flavier iniaed various healh programs such as Alis Disease, Konra Kolera, Sop DEAH, Araw ng Sangkap Pinoy, and Family Planning Program. He served as Secreary o Healh unil 1995, when he resigned o run or a sea a he Senae.
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“Oplan Alis Disease: Ceasefire or Children,” was cied by a UNICEF and WHO repor as “he firs muliple anigen Naional Immunizaion Day held anywhere in he world.”
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Flavier prioriized he Naional Immunizaion Day program in his iniial years.
Te Docors o he Barrios Program was implemened by Dr. Flavier, inormed by his years o experience as a barrio docor in Nueva Ecija and Cavie.
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Early in his hree-year adminisraion, Secreary Flavier iniiaed he conduc o he Naional Immunizaion Day wih he cachy heme “Oplan Alis Disease: Ceasefire or Children.” In a rare show o solidariy, privae and public enerprises, governmen officials and even insurgens cooperaed or he vaccinaion o children. UNICEF, WHO and oher inernaional parners lauded he projec as “a riumph o policy, numbers, and resuls.” Indeed, afer a five-year polio case waiing period, he WHO declared he Philippines polio ree on Ocober 2003. Oher programs insiued by he DOH also banked on public appeal: Yosi Kadiri , an ani-smoking campaign; Sraegic and acical Opions or he Prevenion o Disaser, Epidemics and rauma or SOP D.E.A..H , a naional sraegy or he prevenion and managemen o disaser and emergency; ubig, Kubea, Oresol (KO): Konra Kolera; Araw ng Sangkap Pinoy and Family Planning: Kung Sila’y Mahal N’yo, Magplano. Secreary Flavier’s programs drew he public’s ineres hrough inensive media campaigns. a some o his programs have endured hrough he years is proo o he value be yond he hype, such as he Docor o he Barrios (DBP) Program. e DBP sounded he call or docors o serve in municipaliies idenified as “docorless.” I was launched in 1993 and remains o his day.
Once hyperension develops, i becomes a lieime problem. Hyperension was included in he lis o noifiable diseases in 1998.
Te campaign agains smoking wih he masco Yosi Kadiri was me wih much enhusiasm.
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Afer Secreary Flavier resigned, Undersecreary Jaime Galvez-an was designaed o manage he Deparmen.
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In he field o nuriion, R 8172 also known as he ASIN Law was passed o comba Iodine Deficiency Disorder by mandaing ha all ood or human and animal consumpion be iodized. Wih Flavier’s decision o run or he Senae, his posiion was emporarily occupied by Undersecreary o Healh, Dr. Jaime Galvez-an. While in he pos, Dr. an creaed he Naional Volunary Blood Services Uni, pursuan o he Naional Blood Services Ac o 1994. He also creaed he Cenral Commitee on Procuremen Sysem, asked o coordinae and aciliae he operaion o he procuremen sysem. A one-sop-shop licensing uni was also esablished or hospials and medical ancillary services, o address he need or synchronizaion in issuing licenses, and improve sandard and regulaion uncion in healh services. en, owards he end o his erm, he rules and regulaions in implemening R 7170 or “e Organ Donaion Ac o 1991” was amended by R 7885 oherwise known as “An ac o advance corneal ransplanaion in he Philippines.” e main legacy o he amos leadership was he passage o R 7875 or he “Naional Healh Insurance Ac o 1995.” Signed on February 14, 1995, he law was a significan sep orward rom he exising Medicare. Wih equiy and universaliy as he guiding principles and social solidariy
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Te NKI Laboraory Medicine Recepion Area
a he hear o he law, i aimed “o make essenial goods, healh and oher services available o all he people a affordable cos.” Prioriy was given o he mos vulnerable secor o sociey, “he underprivileged, sick, elderly, disabled, women and children.” e Philippine Healh Insurance Corporaion or PhilHealh was esablished o oversee is implemenaion. In July 1995, he Presiden appoined Dr. Hilarion amiro, Jr. o he pos. Immediaely upon his assumpion o office, a reorganizaion o he DOH Execuive Commitee was insiued o broaden he uncions o he Commitee, making i more responsive o he changes in public healh adminisraion.
Dr. Hilarion Ramiro, a congressman om Misamis Occidenal, was appoined as Secreary. DOH was no new o Dr. Ramiro who had been he Regional Direcor or Zamboanga Peninsula. He launched he People’s Healh Day o help poor Filipinos avail o oherwise expensive surgical and medical care.
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PHILHEALTH THROUGH THE YEARS e passage o he Naional Healh Insurance Ac o 1995 was a urning poin in hisory o Philippine public healhcare. I was he ulfillmen o a vision or a more equiable healhcare sysem ha DOH Secreary Francisco Duque had proposed hree decades earlier. Under his leadership and wih he help o he Philippine Medical Associaion (PMA), a blueprin or a naional healh insurance program ha would make access o qualiy and affordable healhcare a realiy or all secors o sociey was presened or he firs ime o Congress in 1962. Seven years laer, on Augus 4, 1969, Presiden Ferdinand E. Marcos signed he Philippine Medical Care Ac, more popularly know as “Medicare.” e passage o his crucial legislaion was made possible by he groundwork laid by he PMA hrough is Medical Aid o ural Indigens Areas Projec or he MAIA Projec. Launched in 1963, he MAIA projec ran or seven years, exending healh services o rural areas in he Philippines deemed “docorless.” e MAIA Projec gave Medicare a oohold in hese communiies, esablishing he presence o healh aciliies and services or he firs ime, while inormally inroducing he concep o pooling o unds o deray medical cos. Based on he success o he MAIA Projec, a Commitee on oal Healh Care Planning was consiued by he PMA , an imporan move ha se he wheels o Medicare in moion. e Philippine Medical Care Commission (PMCC) was esablished in 1971 o implemen he Medicare program. PMCC was chaired by Dr. Pacifico Marcos who became known as “Mr. Medicare” or successully leading he PMCC during is early years. Phase I o Medicare launched in 1972 argeed he employed secor. By 1978, here were 21.8 million Medicare beneficiaries paying conribuions via GSIS and SSS. Phase II o he implemenaion began in 1983, argeing low-income, non-salary based populaions such as armers & fisherolk. Phase II was implemened by PMCC in parnership wih LGUs, who esablished a communiy healh und o pool he conribuions o is members.
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Presiden Carlos P. Garcia presening Sec. Duque he ‘Golden Hear Award’ during he 50h annual convenion o he Philippine Medical Associaion in Baguio Ciy on May o 1957.
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e Medicare program ran or 24 years, in which ime he PMCC increased benefis, enhanced sysems and expanded medical coverage. By he early ‘90s, pensioners, reirees and overseas workers had become par o Medicare, benefis had been exended o legal dependens wihou addiional premiums, and an improved package provided or more oupaien procedures and overseas confinemen. In some ways, he program had reached is peak, and rom is successes and limiaions, he ime had come or a new healh insurance program o arise. I was during his period ha he DOH, who had aken over adminisraion o he PMCC in 1986, embarked on a crucial join projec wih USAID: he Healh Finance Developmen Program (HFDP). e resuls o he sudies simulaneously conduced under he HFDP became he caalys or he creaion o a new insurance sysem based on improved operaional, financial & programmaic schemes. e need or a more comprehensive healh insurance promped he creaion o House Bill 14225 and Senae Bill 01738, which evenually became he Naional Healh Insurance Program Ac o 1995. e new law capures he spiri o Sec. Duque’s earlier vision: universal coverage or Filipinos o all classes and a unified basic benefis package. e Philippine Healh Insurance Corporaion or PhilHealh was esablished o implemen he program. e early years o PhilHealh were devoed o re-organizaion effors under he leadership o he firs PhilHealh Presiden and CEO, Aty. Jose Fabia. One o he major ransiions was he ranser o SSS and GSIS Medicare uncions o PhilHealh. In he years ha ollowed, under compeen leaderships, PhilHealh gained sronger financial ooing, became a more responsive agency by doubling and equalizing is benefis package among differen member caegories, and improved efficiency by decenralizing is uncions. Above all, PhilHealh made seady progress owards he achievemen o is long-erm goal o uni versal healhcare or all Filipinos. Under he curren Sponsored Program, he lowes quinile o he populaion, he 25% belonging o he poores o he po or, are provided access o qualiy healhcare a no cos. By he end o 2012, PhilHealh enrolmen rae was a 80.92 million or 84% o he oal populaion. e Sponsored Program had regisered 36.6 million members naionwide, bringing PhilHealh closer han ever o reaching is arges. On June 19, 2013, R 10606 or he Universal Healhcare Ac was signed ino law by Presiden Benigo Aquino III , urher srenghening PhilHealh’s commimen owards an equiable healhcare sysem ha proecs and provides or all.
4
Alexander A. Padilla, PhilHealh Presiden and Chie Execuive Officer
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THE FIRST FEMALE SECRETARY OF HEALTH �1996�1998� Upon Dr. Hilarion’s resignaion in 1996, Presiden Fidel amos appoined he firs ever emale Secreary o Healh, Dr. Carmencia eodica. Given her long career a he DOH, serving in various capaciies under differen adminisraions, including ormer Assisan Secreary under Dr. Bengzon’s erm, Secreary eodica was no only experienced in leading criical healh programs bu also possessed he wisdom needed o unie he Deparmen during he ransiion phase. Secreary eodica coninued he figh agains diseases like polio and measles hrough naion wide vaccinaion campaigns, bu she also seered he Deparmen owards addressing healh concerns o specific arge age and secoral groups. Using he ramework o he lie-cycle, which ocuses on changing needs a differen lie sages, she esablished he Early Childhood Developmen Program in parnership wih he Deparmen o Social Welare and Developmen and he Deparmen o Educaion, Culure and Spors. e program aimed o provide or he healh needs o children rom prenaal o preschool age, specifically by reducing he raes o childhood moraliy, malnuriion and primary school drop-ous. o his end, ECD implemened he Inegraed Managemen o Childhood Illnesses, he Expanded Program on Immunizaion, and he Supplemenal Feeding Program. Under her leadership, he DOH also iniiaed he Adolescen Healh Care program and implemened he Women’s Healh and Sae Moherhood Projec. Meanwhile, a syndromic approach was adoped owards he managemen o SD/AIDS, allowing diagnosis and reamen o hese diseases based on he presence o esablished syndromes raher han on cosly esing. As par o he Philippine delegaion a he 1994 Inernaional Conerence on Populaion and Developmen in Cairo and he 1995 Beijing Conerence on Women, Secreary eodica el srongly abou he issue o amily planning and worked hard o push he counry’s reproducive healh agenda. She esablished he Inegraed eproducive Healh Program o he DOH, grounded on en elemens ha include amily planning, adole-
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Dr. Carmencia Reodica had a 32-year rack record as a governmen healh worker and public adminisraor.
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scen reproducive healh, and he prevenion o v iolence agains women. In conjuncion, he DOH esablished he guidelines o he Lacaional Amenorrhea Mehod (LAM) as a means o naural birh conrol. o improve access o qualiy healhcare, Secreary eodica prioriized he Boika ng Barangay ( BnB) program during her erm, esablishing sronger parnerships wih LGUs and communiy organizaions. rough BnBs, common drugs and medicaions are made available o poor communiies a a lower cos. e BnBs are managed by communiy groups or NGOs wih suppor rom he DOH, significanly widening he governmen’s disribuion nework or qualiy, affordable medicines. A breakhrough in improving he counry’s healhcare delivery sysem was made during Secreary eodica’s erm when R 8423 or he radiional and Alernaive Medicine Ac (AMA) o 1997 was signed ino law. is law champions and proecs he knowledge o indigenous socieies wih regard o he pracice o radiional medicine and suppors research in he developmen o alernaive cures. Insead o being relegaed o he ringes, radiional and alernaive healhcare was finally inegraed ino our naional healh delivery sysem.
4
Healh Secreary Reodica advocaed he Early Childhood Developmen Program. In less han wo years in office, she was able o bring sabiliy back o he DOH and regain he public’s approval.
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Dr. Felipe Esrella
THE HEALTH SECTOR REFORM AGENDA INITIATIVE �1998�2001� Dr. Felipe Esrella was appoined Secreary o Healh under Presiden Joseph Esrada in 1998, culminaing a long career in public service which had gained him recogniion as a medical praciioner and adminisraor. Prior o becoming Secreary o Healh, he was he Direcor o he Philippine General Hospial or eigh years, in which ime he insiuion was cied as one o he 33 Ceners o Excellence in Governmen Service by he Senae Civil Service Commitee. In his brie sin a he DOH, Secreary Esrella suppored he Deparmen o Social Welare and Developmen’s “Assisance o Lolas in Crisis Siuaion Projec,” issuing an order o all DOH reained hospials o provide medical assisance and benefis o “lolas in crisis.” Upon Secreary Esrella’s resignaion, Dr. Albero omualdez, was appoined o serve as DOH Secreary. Secreary omualdez’s appoinmen came a a crucial ime as EO 102, signed on May 24, 1999, redireced he uncions and operaions o he Deparmen o Healh o he local governmen unis. a same year, he developmen o he Naional Objecives or Healh se he goals o be achieved by he healh secor over he nex five-year period wih a ocus on he eradicaion and conrol o inecious diseases, major chronic illnesses and injuries. Prevenion also became a key sraegy as he Deparmen promoed healh-seeking behaviors and a healhy liesyle. o achieve hese goals, Secreary omualdez launched he Healh Secor eorm Agenda, a comprehensive approach o he perennial problems o accessibiliy, unding, and managemen in he healh sysem. In 2000, he HSR was insiuionalized as he ramework or all healh policies and invesmens, seering he uure course o he DOH, oher naional governmen agencies, sakeholders, and inernaional parners. Among is goals, he HSR sough o bring fiscal auonomy o governmen hospials, more
126 Dr.Albero Romualdez
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unding or prioriy programs, and greaer coverage o he Naional Healh Insurance Program. o give momenum o he HSR, he Naional Healh Passpor was launched in 2000 as a join effor o he DOH, PhilHealh, and he LGUs, ensuring access o a wide range o healh services o qualified members and dependens hrough a nework o providers. Secreary omualdez also pushed o increase he number o LGUs involved in he governmen’s Indigen Program. Under his program, members unable o pay insurance premiums were given healh coverage hrough cos-sharing schemes. Given he devolved se-up o healh services, he HSR geared owards empowering local healh sysems o be more responsive o heir communiies’ needs. LGUs were suppored hrough he DOH’s Senrong Sigla Projec, a naionwide search or ousanding healh aciliies operaed by local governmens. e projec was iniiaed o ensure qualiy services rom he smalles barrio o he bigges ciy by graning recogniion and cash rewards o provincial hospials, disric hospials, and healh ceners. o pursue he Naional Objecives or Healh, several programs were spearheaded by he DOH o comba disease. Among hese were he expansion o he Direcly Observed reamen Course or B, he launch o “Oks and Oks Mass reamen o Schisosomiasis” in he CARGA region and he abies Eliminaion Program in he Visayas. Filaria Healh Fairs were also conduced in six regions o pilo he implemenaion o a mass reamen scheme or he eliminaion o filariasis, while Animal Bie Ceners were esablished in 77 provinces and 65 ciies. o address he healh needs o young children, Secreary omualdez launched he Garanisadong Pambaa program which delivers a package o services or kids five years and below in week-long aciviies held wice a year. Under he program, millions o children were weighed, given nuriional supplemens, dewormed, and immunized as par o he eor o reduce inan and childhood moraliy and promoe posiive Filipino values owards proper children’s growh and developmen.
4
Dr.Albero Romualdez was no new in DOH when he became Secreary in 1999. He was medical adviser o he Miniser o Healh om 1979 o 1982. He was inroduced as Secreary on his 58h birhday beore DOH employees.
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SECRETARY MANUEL DAYRIT �2001�2005� e urmoil arising rom he abored impeachmen rial o Presiden Esrada paved he way or Vice Presiden Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo o assume he presidency. Under his new leadership, Dr. Manuel Dayri was appoined o helm he DOH. During his erm, he Deparmen adoped he “One Scrip Sysem” o bring uniy and ocus o is use o resources, a move ha led o significan achievemens in prioriy public healh programs. e B Conrol Program me global arges during he erm o Secreary Dayri hrough he rapid expansion o is B Direcly Observed reamen-Shor Course program (BDOS). Implemenaion generaed highs o 71% case deecion rae, 77% cure rae, 88% success rae and 100% naionwide coverage. Secreary Dayri also worked closely wih LGUs o regiser 500,000 indigens o PhilHealh under he Presiden’s Plan 500, while he prices o medicaion or common ailmens sold hrough he governmen’s nework o hospials and drug oules were lowered by as much as 50%. o mee he goals o he Healh Secor eorm Agenda (HSR), he DOH idenified 13 convergence sies where he HSR implemenaion plan was o be delivered. ese convergence sies were esablished in recogniion ha HSR’s differen componens work as an inerdependen and complemenary sysem o reorms ha would creae greaer impac i inroduced ogeher as a single package. Secreary Dayri also worked wih LGUs in communiies radiionally separaed rom mainsream socio-economic aciviies. e Geographically Isolaed and Disad vanaged Areas (GIDA) Projec was implemened in our Ceners o Healh Developmen wih he aim o respond o he basic healh needs o hese underserved communiies by upgrading aciliies, srenghening disric healh sysems, and improving reerral and inormaion sysems. In 2003, he Inernaional SASAKWA Healh Prize was awarded o he DOH Cener or
Dr. Manuel Da yri has a public career ha spans more han 30 years. He sared a he DOH as a researcher epidemiologis and was awarded Ousanding Young Scienis in 1990 or his new findings in AIDS, cholera, and red ide.
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4
SARS was he firs global healh hrea o he new millennium.
Healh Developmen or Easern Visayas or is successul implemenaion o GIDA in six municipaliies o he region. Anoher significan developmen during Secreary Dayri’s erm was he graning o ull fiscal auonomy o DOH reained hospials. Under he 2003 General Appropriaions Ac, he 68 hospials under DOH supervision were graned 100% income reenion rom he original 30% in 2001. e hospials could now uilize heir enire income, hereby srenghening heir capaciy o improve aciliies and services. Alongside hese achievemens, Secreary Dayri also aced numerous challenges in his our-year erm as head o he Deparmen, perhaps none as ormidable as he hrea o Severe Acue espiraory Syndrome (SAS). e SAS oubreak o 2002-2003 signaled a healh emergency o a global scale. Coordinaed effors beween governmens and inernaional healh agencies were necessary in batling he disease which firs appeared in China and quickly spread o counries all over he world. rough EO 2012, Presiden Arroyo designaed Secreary Dayri as Crisis Manager, wih auhoriy o mobilize various agencies o governmen o figh he enry and spread o he inecion. Wih help rom he World Healh Organizaion, Secreary Dayri successully implemened he DOH’s “Five Sraegic Acion on SAS” which resuled in minimized impored cases, aversion o local ransmission, and minimized deahs. Among 30 counries affeced by he disease, he Philippines had he lowes rae o inecion, wih only 14 repored cases in oal and wo casualies. Secreary Dayri’s raining as an epidemiologis ser ved him in good sead during he crisis. e Deparmen came ou a sronger insiuion afer he oubreak, srenghening is inecion conrol inrasrucure o include sysems or epidemic aler, inernaional quaranine, and hospial managemen. is, apar rom Secreary Dayri’s overall leadership, made he DOH one o he op-perorming governmen agencies held in high regard by boh he media and he public.
A oal o 92 cases, mosly suspeced SARS cases, were evenually diagnosed as oher inecions or underlying condiions. Foureen SARS cases were repored in he Philippines.
“Pandemics are definiely o he pas; commerce is no longer impeded by quaranine and oher resricions necessary o preven he spread o disease.” � Governor-General Frank Murphy during his las address o he Philippine Legislaure, 1935
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DR. FRANCISCO DUQUE �2005�2010�
Dr. Duque briefly served as DOH Undersecreary, hen concurrenly as Presiden and CEO o he Philippine Healh Insurance Corporaion.
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Dr. Francisco . Duque III, he son and namesake o he ormer Secreary, was appoined o lead he DOH in 2005 afer serving as CEO and Presiden o PhilHealh or five years. Under his leadership, he DOH adoped a ramework encapsulaed by “FOUmula ONE or Healh” o achieve healh secor reorms. FOUmula ONE ocused on our areas o inervenion: healhcare financing, regulaion, service delivery, and governance. e allusion o race car driving was no acciden, as Secreary Duque aimed or speed, precision and effecive coordinaion in he race o eliminae inequiy in he Philippine healhcare sysem. e pursui o hese objecives was aided by governmen suppor hrough unprecedened budge increases: rom 11.3 billion in 2007, he DOH budge was raised o 18.9 billion in 2008, hen 23.7 billion in 2009. Among he milesones o Secreary Duque’s erm is he passage o he landmark legislaion Accessible Cheaper and Qualiy Medicines Ac o 2008 or R 9502. e law auhorized he Presiden o se a maximum drug reail price o regulae he cos o medicines. is resuled in price cus o up o 50% or medicines or chronic diseases such as hyperension, arhriis, and diabees. is was complemened by he expansion o he governmen’s disri buion nework comprising housands o Boika ng Bayan, Boika ng Barangay and Healh Plus oules. Meanwhile, he enacmen o he Food and Adminisraion Law o 2009 or R 9711, srenghened he Deparmen’s oversigh and regulaory uncions o help ensure he qualiy and saey o ood, drugs, cosmeics and oher consumer producs and devices. e Maernal, Neonaal and Child Healh and Nuriion (MNCHN) Sraegy was implemened under Secreary Duque’s erm o address maernal and child moraliy raes. A comprehensive sraegy was required in order o pu he counry back on rack o mee wo o is Millennium Developmen Goals by 2015: reducion o maernal moraliy by hree quarers and child moraliy by wo-hirds. e MNCHN defined a basic package o healh services, idenified sandards or aciliies, equipmen and personnel, and oher areas o inervenion crucial o ensuring he care o mohers, newborns and young children.
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Dr. Francisco Duque III finished boh undergraduae and pos graduae courses in medicine a he US. He began a lie in public service by eaching medicine a he Lyceum Norhwesern FQD Medical Foundaion.
Among he milesones o Secreary Duque’s erm is he passage o he landmark legislaion Accessible Cheaper and Qualiy Medicines Ac o 2008 or R 9502.
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Sec. Esperanza Cabral poses wih Dr. Asuncion Anden (lef), Direcor o he Cener or Healh Developmen-Cenral Visayas, Dr. Asuncion Anden, Dr. Pilar Jimenez, Dr. Yolanda Oliveros o USAID during a Family Planning Fair on June 21, 2010.
A Secor-Wide Developmen Approach (SDAH) was also adoped by he DOH in order o uniy procedures or more effecive donor coordinaion and resources mobilizaion. Wih he DOH as he lead organizaion, parners and sakeholders were enjoined o harmonize heir procedures wih hose o he governmen’s o suppor healh secor reorms. Similarly, reorms o sreamline regulaory processes in obaining hospial licensure were made possible by a series o adminisraive orders ha creaed a One-Sop-Shop Licensure Cener or his purpose. While seady progress was being made hrough FOUmula ONE, he AH1N1 virus sruck in 2009. Secreary Duque led he Deparmen’s response, implemening Dr. Esperanza Cabral
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Dr. Esperanza Cabral was a srong advocae o he eproducive Healh Bill ha was pending in Congress. conainmen and miigaion sraegies necessary as he virus spread in he counry. e Deparmen’s effecive handling o he healh emergency, which brough he world o is highes pandemic aler level, was laer commended by he World Healh Organizaion. e Philippines was also cied among he hree counries ha had he bes risk communicaion sraegy during he crisis. Inernal reorms were insiued by Secreary Duque in he areas o financial managemen, procuremen and inernal audi, among ohers. ese reorms resuled in improved ransparency and accounabiliy in he Deparmen and consisenly made i a op-ranking governmen agency in reviews/sudies conduced by he Office o he Ombudsman, he Philippine Ani-Graf Commission and oher agencies. I also coninued o enjoy high approval raings rom he public. Such was he regard or he DOH and is leadership ha Secreary Duque was awarded he Communicaion Excellence in Organizaions in 2009 in recogniion o he effecive communicaion sraegies employed by his adminisraion in he achievemen o social developmen goals. When Dr. Duque was appoined as he Chairman o he Civil Ser vice Commission in January 2010, Dr. Esperanza Cabral was ranserred rom he Deparmen o Social Welare and Developmen o serve as he Secreary o Healh. She sayed on unil he end o he Arroyo adminisraion and paved he way or he smooh ransiion or Secreary Enrique . Ona, whom Presiden Benigno “Noynoy” S. Aquino III handpicked or he healh porolio.
ranserring o baon om Usec. Mario Villaverde o hen incoming Secreary o Healh Esperanza Cabral in 2010.
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DOH promoional maerials have become effecive ools in popularizing is various healh cause.
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Dr. Enrique . Ona is recognized as one of the top surgeons in the country. He specializes in vascular and transplant surgery and is certified by both the Philippine and American Board of Surgery. A graduate of the University of the Philippines, he underwent training in the United States and the United Kingdom. Upon his return to the country, he joined the faculty of the Uni versity of the Philippines and the Philippine General Hospital.
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He was Professor and Vice-Chairman of the Department of Surgery when he was tapped to become the Executive Director of the National Ki dney and Transplant Institute (NKTI), transforming the said institution into the first ISOcertified government hospital in the Philippines. Through his leadership, NKTI is recognized today as a world-class center in kidney transplantation, currently handling the second largest transplant program as a single institution in the world. It was at the NKTI that Dr. Ona performed the first multi-organ transplants in Southeast Asia: liver and kidney transplant and kidney and pancreas transplant. Dr. Ona is a recipient of numerous national and international awards, such as the Ten Outstanding Young Men (TOYM) Award in Medicine in 1979, Most Outstanding Alumnus of the College of Medicine, and Most Distinguished Alumnus of the University of the Philippines. He is also the first and only Filipino surgeon to be awarded the Honorary Fellowship of the American College of Surgeons in 2012, a distinction for one who is already a Fellow of the College of Surgeons. As Secretary of Health, he has relentlessly worked towards attaining Kalusugan Pangkalahatan or Universal Healthcare for Filipinos, in response to the challenge of His Excellency President Benigno “Noynoy” Aquino III. In Secretary Ona’s first year, 5.3 million families or about 25 million Filipinos were enrolled in PhilHealth. Under his administration, two landmark health reforms were also passed: the Tobacco and Alcohol Excise Tax Reform Act of 2012 and the Responsible Parenthood and Reproductive Health Act of 2012.
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UHC TO ADDRESS INEQUITY IN THE HEALTH SYSTEM Universal Healh Care and Is Aim Universal Healh Care (UHC), also reerred o as alusugan Pangkalahaan (P), is he “provision o every Filipino o he highes possible qualiy o healh care ha is accessible, efficien, equiably disribued, adequaely unded, airly financed, and appropriaely used by an inormed and empowered public.” e Aquino adminisraion pus is core message across as he availabiliy and accessibiliy o healh services and necessiies or all Filipinos. UHC is a governmen mandae whose aim is o ensure ha every Filipino shall receive affordable and qualiy healh benefis. is involves providing adequae resources in all aspecs: healh human resources, healh aciliies, and healh financing. UHC’s Tree Truss o atain UHC, hree sraegic hruss are o be pursued, namely: 1) Financial risk proecion hrough expansion in enrollmen and benefi delivery o he Naional Healh Insurance Program (NHIP); 2) Improved access o qualiy hospials and healh care aciliies; and 3 ) Atainmen o healh-relaed Millennium Developmen Goals (MDGs).
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FINANCIAL RISK PROTECTION To protect all Filipinos, especially the poor, against the catastrophic cost of ill health, KP shall strengthen the National Health Insurance Program (NHIP) as the prime mover in making any Filipino eligible to enroll, to know their entitlements and responsibilities, to avail of health services, and to be reimbursed by PhilHealth with regard to health care expenditures. PhilHealth operations are to be redirected towards enhancing national and regional health insurance system. The NHIP enrollment shall be rapidly expanded to improve population coverage and the availment of outpatient and inpatient services shall be intensively promoted. Moreover, the use of information technology shall be maximized to speed up PhilHealth claims processing.
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IMPROVED ACCESS TO QUALITY HOSPITALS AND HEALTH CARE FACILITIES Improved access to quality hospitals and health facilities shall be achieved in a number of creative approaches. With the main goal of improving the delivery of basic, essential and specialized health services, the Health Facility Enhancement Program (HFEP) was implemented to upgrade the quality of government-owned and operated hospitals and health facilities so as to accommodate larger capacity, cater all types of emergencies and handle noncommunicable diseases. Financial support shall be provided to allow immediate rehabilitation and construction of critical health facilities. In addition, treatment packs for hypertension and diabetes shall be obtained and distributed to rural health units (RHUs). The DOH licensure and Philhealth accreditation for hospitals and health facilities shall be streamlined and unified.
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ATTAINMENT OF HEALTH�RELATED MDGS Further efforts and additional resources are to be applied on public health programs to attain the health-related MDGs. In achieving this, KP focuses on the reduction of maternal and child mortality, morbidity and mortality from Tuberculosis and Malaria, and incidence of HIV/AIDS, in addition to being prepared for emerging disease trends and prevention and control of non-communicable diseases. Actions taken in this includes the increase facilitybased deliveries and family planning services,immunization of all infants according to the Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) and provision of vitamins & minerals to poor children below five years of age. Better coordination among government agencies, such as DOH, DepEd, DSWD, and DILG, would also be essential for the achievement of these MDGs.
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The NHIP reported substantial improvements in the PhilHealth Enrollment Rate from 62% in 2010 to 84% in 2012. Furthermore, the number of individuals, whether members or dependents, who are entitled to the benefits of the Program as a result of regular contribution (coverage rate) has increased from 51% in 2010 to 82% as of April 2014. The No Balance Billing (NBB) Policy, which prohibits government health facilities from charging the poor any fee exceeding the 23 case rates package, was adopted in September 2011. Program beneficiaries are indigents belonging to the Sponsored Program, as identified by the NHTS-PR and LGUs. The NBB Policy was later applied to the Z Benefit and Expanded Z Benefit Packages. The Z Benefit Package, which covers catastrophic diseases (i.e., early stage breast cancer, standard risk childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia, and low to intermediate risk prostate cancer), was launched on July 2, 2012. It is being implemented in 22 government hospitals nationwide to help defray the high cost of treatment that usually causes severe financial burden to patients and their families. The amount of support ranges from P100,000 to P600,000. The package has been expanded to include some cardiac operations (Expanded Z Benefit Package). The Expanded Z Benefit Package , launched in February 2013, further improves financial risk protection by covering additional catastrophic diseases. The amount of support ranges from P175,000 to P550,000. PhilHealth completely shifted from a fee-for-service to a case-based payment system in 2013. The All Case Rates was applied to all kinds of confinements and procedures (from the initial 23 medical and surgical conditions), offering a fixed rate for each treated case. In 2013, the case rates system processed a total of 3,679,686 medical cases and surgical procedures with a benefit pay-out which totaled P55 billion. Registered nurses were trained and deployed to PhilHealth-accredited hospitals to become Philhealth Customer Assistance, Relations and Empowerment Staff (CARES) in 2012. In 2013, 79% (76.9M) of the projected population were enrolled in PhilHealth, including 5.2 million of the poor sector identified through the NHTS. In October 2013, the Z-Morph Benefit Package was launched. It is the first PhilHealth benefit package for persons with disabilities (PWDs) and covers the initial fitting of the lower limb prosthesis below the knee for persons with disabilities. The implementation of the Point of Care Enrollment Program paved the way for the enrollment 3,750 indigent members to eight pilot hospitals. Under this program, PhilHealth has paid a total of P22,190,902.00 in benefit payments. As of October 2013, the Point of Care Enrollment Program has become mandatory for all DOH hospitals to ensure that all poor patients in dire need of quality health services in government hospitals are covered by PhilHealth. The passage of the National Health Insurance Act of 2013 amends the outdated 1995 version to provide for full national subsidy of premiums for the poor. In September 2013, the PhilHealth Board approved the Act’s implementing rules and regulations (IRR).
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For example, cases o appendiciis would be reimbursed a he same rae in all hospials. I is ver y similar o he concep o “pakyawan,” because all iems and/or services necessary or a case are already covered by a single rae. Trough his, paiens shall insanly and accuraely know how much shall be shouldered by PhilHealh. Tis mechanism shall maximize he paien’s benefis in erms o medicines and laboraories, hereby reducing ou-o-he-pocke expenses. (Sources: Usec. Janete Garin (DOH) and Dr. Israel Francis Pargas (PHIC), Email o PMS, 26 Ocober 2013; and amangSago, PhilHealh’s Frequenly Asked Quesions, Updaed 20 May 2012.)
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Financial Risk Proecion Financial risk proecion, as oulined in he Aquino Healh Agenda hree sraegic hruss, is hrough expansion in enrollmen and benefi delivery o he Naional Healh Insurance Program (NHIP). e Naional Healh Insurance Program inroduced No Balance Billing policy o be in effec in all governmen hospials, assuring he poores o he poor medical reamen a no cos. alusugan Pangkalahaan also added a buffer agains financial r isk wih he launch o he Z-Benefis Package on July 2012. ecognizing he cos o healhcare or grave illnesses, he package provides suppor o paiens suffering rom cases deemed “caasrophic” hroughou he course o heir reamen.
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ACCESS TO QUALITY HEALTH FACILITIES aAND SERVICES
02
From 2010 to 2014 , HFEP has received increased funding, with a total of P42.57 billion utilized for 6,911 health facilities (2,685 barangay health stations; 3,395 rural health units; 761 LGU hospitals; and 70 DOH hospitals). Heart-Lung-Kidney Centers were established in Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao to improve access to specialized care, thereby decreasing the influx of patients to Metro Manila, reducing the out-of-pocket expenses of patients and improving the timeliness of treatment. Health professionals numbering 59,884 (717 Doctors to the Barrios; 52,730 RNHeals nurses; and 6,437 midwives) were deployed to poor LGUs from 2010-2013 while 81,676 Community Health Teams were trained and deployed to provide health assistance to poor households, particularly the Pantawid Pamilya beneficiaries. In 2011, the Complete Treatment Package (ComPack) Program was first introduced by the DOH as a free drug access program for poor families under the Conditional Cash Transfers Program (CCTs) in 1,020 municipalities. The ComPack program covers medicines for common health conditions such as hypertension, diabetes, respiratory infections, diarrhea and common infections. In 2013, the program was expanded and successfully covered all families under the CCT, reaching 100% of its target or 2,470 municipalities. In 2013, through the Center of Excellence on Public-Private Partnerships in Health (CEP3H), the DOH awarded major PPP projects which modernized two health facilities: the Philippine Orthopedic Center and the Cotabato Regional and Medical Center.
Improved access o qualiy hospials and healhcare aciliies, inrasrucure and human resource are key aspecs o providing qualiy healhcare. us, he Healh Faciliies Enhancemen Program (HFEP) was implemened in order o aciliae civil works upgrading and provision o medical equipmen o hospials and oher healh aciliies all over he counry. Parallel effors o raise he level o compeencies and knowledge o public healh workers – nurses, midwives, communiy healh workers and docors – were made. e egisered Nurses or Healh Enhance-
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men and Local Service (Nheals) Program and ural Healh Midwives Placemen Program have deployed nurses and midwives, respecively, o various rural communiies. Similarly, Communiy Healh eams have also been organized o assis amilies no only wih heir healh needs bu also o serve as a vial link beween communiy and oher healh providers. Finally, anoher level o suppor is being provided o Filipino indigens hrough he DOH Complee reamen Pack Program. e program provides ree medicine or diseases such as hyperension, diabees and inecion or hose members o he condiional cash ranser or he Panawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program. Wih qualiy medicines available a no cos, he managemen and reamen o common diseases are no longer economic burdens he poor mus bear on heir own.
Te NKI Cardiovascular Caheerizaion and Radio-log y Uni is he mos advanced caheerizaion aciliy in he counry. I has a sae o he ar hybrid angiography suie capable o complex diagnosic and inervenional sudies and is used by Inerve nional Cardiologis, Radiologis and Vascular Surgeon. Te image qualiy o he CahLab sysem provides crisp, virually disorion-ee visualizaion o anaomic deails o suppor boh peripheral and coronary vascular procedures wih minimal radiaion and IV conras exposure. Te NKI CahLab is able o provide he saes and h ighes sandards o service or paiens requiring cardiovascular diagnosics and inervenion.
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The Philippines has already reached the Millennium Development Goal for Tuberculosis (TB) based on the WHO Global TB Report for 2013. The TB prevalence rate has decreased from 1,000 per 100,000 population in 1990 to 461 per 100,000 population in 2012. The incidence rate for TB has also decreased from 400 per 100,000 population in 1990 to 265 in 2012. Finally, the number of successfully treated TB cases reached the target of 90% in 2013. In 2013, the number of fully immunized children reached 89% of the eligible population, up from 84% in 2010. The diptheria pertussis-tetanus (DPT3) immunization rate is at 94% while the measles (MCV) immunization rate is at 91%. The 2013 National Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS) reports that six out of ten births (60%) were delivered in health facilities—an increase from 44% in 2008 (NDHS) and 55% in 2011 (FHS). In addition to the nine areas declared rabies-free in 2012, six more areas were cleared of rabies in 2013. Also, 27 out of 53 endemic provinces were declared malaria-free as of 2013, while 20 out of 43 endemic provinces were declared filariasis-free as of 2013. President Aquino signed the Responsible Parenthood and Reproductive Health (RPRH) Act on December 21, 2012. After a series of public consultations, Secretary Ona signed the RPRH Act Implementing Rules and Regulations on March 15, 2013. The Supreme Court’s decision to uphold the constitutionality of the RPRH Act on April 8, 2014 (except for some specific provisions of the Law and its IRR) is a victory that will improve health outcomes. The implementation of this law will help improve access to information, as well as facilities and services through the functional referral networks of health facilities and skilled health professionals. The Sin Tax Law has proven to be effective in reducing tobacco consumption. During its first year of implementation, there was a significant decrease in smoking prevalence among adults 20 years and above, from 31% in 2008 to 25.4% in 2013. More importantly, a significant decrease in smoking prevalence was also observed among children 10 to 19.9 years, from 9.1% in 2008 to 6.8% in 2013, despite no significant increase in anti-tobacco advocacy activities. Another survey showed that the prevalence of smoking among socio-economic class E or the very poor dropped from 38% in December 2012 to 25% in March 2014. Among the 18-24 age group, smoking prevalence decreased from 35% in December 2012 to 18% in March 2014. This could be attributed to the increase in prices of cigarettes upon the implementation of the Sin Tax Reform Law. Furthermore, the budget of DOH has increased from P53.3 billion in 2013 (before Sin Tax increment was available) to P83.7 billion in 2014. The budget increase due to Sin Tax will be used to enroll and provide coverage for more poor families under PhilHealth, strengthen preventive health and awareness programs, provide medical assistance to government hospitals and augment funds for enhancement of health facilities.
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Atainmen of Healh-Relaed Millennium Developmen Goals (MDGs) I was in 1999 ha he Philippines became one o he 189 counries who suppored he UN Millennium Developmen Goals. MDGs unied he global communiy in ideniying he needs o he very poor, resuling o eigh goals, our o which are healh-relaed: reducion o inan moraliy rae, improvemen o maernal healh, combaing o HIV/AIDS, malaria and oher diseases, and promoion o gender equaliy and empowermen o women. Wih he Lie Cycle Approach as is guide, he DOH seadily moves in he direcion o ataining hese MDGs. e journey owards UHC was given a push by he passage o wo landmark bills in he firs hal o Aquino’s erm. e Sin ax eorm bill, which had been pending in he Philippine Congress since 1997, was passed as epublic Ac 10351. is law significanly increases he axes levied on cigaretes and alcohol, rom which addiional revenue will be financing he enrollmen o 5.6 mil lion Filipinos o PhilHealh. Healh Secreary Enrique . Ona considers he passage o he Sin ax eorm Law or R 10351, a vicory or he healh o he Filipino people. e esponsible Parenhood and eproducive Healh (PH) law or R 10354 has also been signed ino law. e firs incarnaion o his bill was presened o Congress in Presiden’s Esrada’s ime bu was me wih such srong opposiion ha i ailed o gain racion or anoher 14 years. oday, wih inormaion and suppor being provided by he PH Law, Filipino women, especially hose who belong o he poores secor o sociey, are empowered wih regard o heir reproducive choices. In he words o Secreary On, “is is jus he beginning o our coninuing effor o ensure ha no woman will die while giving lie”.
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Healh Secreary Enrique . Ona, during he A sean Human Righs Conerence or Promoing Maernal Healh, underscored he need or dialogue among counries in order o keep abreas o recen developmens and coninuously improve he lives o vulnerable populaion, especially mohers and heir children.
Indeed, he DOH has achieved concree resuls in enorcing Presiden Aquino’s plaorm or healh. ese effors have no gone unnoiced. In 2012, Secreary Ona received presigious recogniion – he Harvard Healh Leader Award – or he major progress he counry has made in achieving Universal Healhcare. e work o he DOH is ar rom over. Wih resolve and commimen, he Deparmen orges ahead in he atainmen o a ruly equiable healhcare delivery sysem in he second decade o he new millennium. While he DOH srives hard or he realizaion o his dream, Secreary Ona is firs o recognize ha only he concered effor o various secors can ruly make i happen: “e governmen canno achieve his dream alone. Universal Healhcare will no be realized wihou he people’s commimen and parnership. We ask you, he privae secor, he media, and he people, o coninue working wih us wih he same enhusiasm and drive o help uplif he lives o he poores members o our sociey.” And hus coninues he grea ask o our people, our governmen, and our Deparmen o Healh.
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Secreary Ona was he firs Filipino surgeon awarded he Honorary Fellowship o he American College o Surgeons (ACS) on is 98h Clinical Congress in 2012. Tis is he highes honor ACS can besow on any surgeon.
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Te Presiden commended everyone or he successul reducion o malnuriion rae among children under five years old.
Lakbay Buhay was designed as a fesive even. Te healh caravan is a naionwide comprehensive and muli-channeled healh promoion campaign ha aims o bring informaion and educaion o families in remoe communiies in line wih he governmen’s healh reform agenda of universal access o healhcare.
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SURVIVING
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yphoon Yolanda ( November 2013 ) Typhoon Haiyan hit the country in the morning of November 8, 2013. The storm, locally known as Yolanda, battered the Visayas with maximum sustained winds of 225 kph, the strongest cyclone to ever make landfall in recorded history.
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a j e l l a C s e n o B y b n o i t a r t s u l l i o t o h P
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In he days ha ollowed , he enire naion grappled wih he exen o he yphoon’s devasaion: counless srucures shatered by he orce o he wind, enire communiies flatened by monsrous sorm surges ha had pushed inland a he heigh o he sorm, casualies in he housands and millions more injured, missing or displaced. Wih severe damage o communicaion and ransporaion sysems, i ook wo days beore Secreary Ona, oher DOH officials and medical response eams rom nearby areas o reach acloban, he area wors hi by he sorm. As he governmen raced o provide aid o yphoon vicims all over egion VIII, he counry was placed under a Sae o Naional Calamiy on November 11, 2013. e DOH shipped supplies, medicine and equipmen and deployed medical eams o affeced areas. e Deparmen also coordinaed medical missions, working closely wih he World Healh Organizaion (WHO) and oher oreign medical eams and NGOs o ensure he swif and efficien delivery o emergency care.
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e developing healh condiions ollowing he disaser were closely moniored o preven breakous and epidemics in affeced communiies and evacuaion ceners. o proec children agains polio and measles, a vaccinaion campaign was launched by he WHO in parnership wih he DOH and several naional and oreign parners. Saniaion issues such as poabiliy o waer and proper disposal o wase was handled hrough he DOH Waer, Saniaion and Hygiene Services or WASH in an effor o preven he spread o disease. Secreary Ona also worked wih local auhoriies and orensic expers o ensure he proper handling, managemen, and burial o recovered bodies. In Mero Manila, he DOH-NC esablished a field clinic in Villamor Airbase or he care o vicims (riage and psychosocial debriefing) ranspored o join heir amilies in he ciy.
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WHAT HAS BEEN DONE?
OPERATION ‘HAIYAN’ Hospital Services
Health Teams Deployed (Composite Teams)
Public Health Services
Nutrition Services
Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene Services
266,111 children screened
11, 531 recipients of counseling
137, 979 children recieved supplementary feeding 33,128 patients served 2,249 ER consultations 33, 555 OPD consultations
232,813 out-patientconsultations 10,941 First aid
2, 428 recipients of psycho-education session
64, 441 children recieved vitamin A supplementation
17, 919 recipients of psychologicalprocessing
91, 589 children recieved multiple micronutrientpowder
13,177 latrines constructed/ installed
4, 389 recipients of stress-management program
3,485 Admission
351 teams (126 national, 191 international 34 LGU )
95,169 measles immunization
39,575 pregnant women assessed and counseled
545, 530 hygiene kits distributed
159 case referalls
2,127 operations conducted
National Teams are composed of 1,342 personnel.
21,799 tetanus vaccination
156 dewormed
361, 279 Jerry cans provided
4, 188 defusing
Monhs afer he disaser, early recovery programs are underway o help survivors cope wih he ragedy. Disease prevenion and providing menal healh services like counseling are among he prioriies in he recovery effor. e challenge also remains or he DOH o ully resore medical services in areas where healh unis had susained parial or complee damage. Along wih he naional governmen, oreign and local parners, as well he privae ciizens who coninue o suppor relie and recovery effors, he DOH will coninue o resore no only healh bu hope among Yolanda survivors.
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Mental Health and Psychosocial Support Services
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DOH promoional maerials have become effecive ools in popularizing heir various healh causes.
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n Te DOH balances is effors beween he curaive and prevenive componens o healhcare.
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n Sae o he ar medical equipmen o provide diagnosic and herapeuic services is par o he adminisraion’s commimen o qualiy healhcare.
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Deparmen of Healh Execuive Commitee From lef: Dr. Jaime Y. Lagahid, Dr. Nemesio . Gako, Dr. eodoro J. Herbosa, Dr. oland L. Corez, Dr. Kenneh Harigan-Go, Dr. Enrique A. ayag, Ms. Blesilda Guierrez, Dr. JuvencioOrdonia, Dr. omulo A. Busuego, Dr. Gerardo V. Bayugo, Aty. Nicolas B. Luero III, Dr. Elmer G. Punzalan, Dr. Janete L. Garin, Secreary Enrique . Ona, Dr. Paulyn Jean osell-Ubial.
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The Department of Health Secretaries DOH Hospitals Directory
DOH Attached Agencies
A p p e n d i c e s
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Ap pen di ces
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TH E DE PAR TM EN T SE CR ETA RI ES TH RO UG H T HE YE AR S
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Ap pen di ces
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TH E DE PAR TM EN T SE CR ETA RI ES TH RO UG H T HE YE AR S
Name of Secretaries Terms Dr. Enrique T. Ona July 2010 - Present Dr. Esperanza I. Cabral January 2010 - June 2010 Dr. Francisco Duque III June 2005 - January 2010 Dr. Manuel Dayrit February 2001 - May 2005 Dr. Alberto Romualdez September 1998 - January 2001
Department of Health Secretaries
Dr. Felipe Estrella July 1,1998 - August 23, 1998 Dr. Carmencita Reodica March 1996 - June 1998 Dr. Hilarion J. Ramiro July 1995 - March 1996 Dr. Jaime Galvez-Tan January 1995 - June 1995 Dr. Juan Flavier July 1992 - January 1995 Dr. Antonio Periquet February - June 1992 Dr. Alfredo R.A Bengzon March 1986 - January 1992 Dr. Jesus Azurin July 1981 - February 1986 Dr. Enrique M. Garcia July 1979 - June 1981 Dr. Clemente S. Gatmaitan December 1971 - July 1979 Dr. Amadeo H. Cruz August 1968 - December 1971 Dr. Manuel Cuenco December 1964 - December 1965
Dr. Floro Dabu July 1963 - December 1964 Dr. Francisco Duque December 1961 - July 1963 Dr. Elpidio Valencia July 1958 - December 1961 Dr. Paulino Garcia 1st Term: June 1954 - June 1958 2nd Term: December 1965 - August 1968 Dr. Juan Salcedo September 1950 - May 1954 Dr. Antonio Villarama 1946 - 1950 Dr. Jose Locsin 1945 - 1946 Dr. Basilio Valdez February - April 1945 Dr. Jose Fabella January 1941 - 1945
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DOH Officials Direcory as o May 2014
EXECUIVE COMMITEE DR. ENRIQUE T. ONA Secretary of Health DR. NEMESIO T. GAKO Undersecretary of Health Administrative Technical Cluster Chair, Change Management Committee of the DOH Rationalization Plan DR. TEODORO J. HERBOSA Undersecretary of Health Operations Cluster for NCR & Metro Manila Hospitals Head, Public Private Partnership Office
DR. JAIME Y. LAGAHID Assistant Secretary of Health Chief of Staff Head Executive Assistant, Office of the Secretary Director III, Office of the Secretary
DR. ROLAND CORTEZ Assistant Secretary of Health Support to Service Delivery Cluster I Medical Center Chief II, East Avenue Medical Center
DR. KENNETH G. RONQUILLO Director IV Health Human Resource Development Bureau
MS. BLESILDA A. GUTIERREZ Assistant Secretary of Health Internal Finance Management Technical Cluster
DR. JANETTE L. GARIN Undersecretary of Health Support to Service Delivery Cluster IV Cluster Head, Women, Children and Family Health Focal Person, Cabinet Assistance System and Presidential Management Staff
OPERION CLUSE
DR. LILIBETH C. DAVID OIC – Cluster Head Cluster Head, Health Policy Finance and Research Development Cluster Director IV, Health Policy Development and Planning Bureau
DR. GERARDO V. BAYUGO Assistant Secretary of Health Luzon Operation Cluster Head, Quality Management Systems Office Head, Integrity Management Program and Performance Governance System
DR. GERARDO V. BAYUGO Assistant Secretary of Health Operation Cluster for Luzon Head, Quality Management Systems Office Head, Integrity Management Program and Performance Governance System
DR. EDWIN SANCHEZ Director III NCR & Metro Manila Hospitals Operations Cluster
DR. PAULYN JEAN B. ROSELL-UBIAL Assistant Secretary of Health Operations Cluster for Visayas DR. ELMER G. PUNZALAN Assistant Secretary of Health Special Concerns Technical Cluster MS. MARIA BERNARDITA FLORES Assistant Secretary/Executive Director National Nutrition Council (NNC) DR. JAIME Y. LAGAHID Assistant Secretary of Health Chief of Staff Head Executive Assistant, Office of the Secretary Director III, Office of the Secretary
168
ATTY. NICOLAS B. LUTERO III Assistant Secretary of Health Support to Service Delivery Cluster III Director IV, Bureau of Health Facilities and Services OIC- Legal Service
LUZON DR. TEODORO J. HERBOSA Undersecretary of Health NCR & Metro Manila Hospitals Operations Cluster
VISAYAS DR. PAULYN JEAN B. ROSELL-UBIAL Assistant Secretary of Health Visayas Operations Cluster MINDANAO DR. ROMULO A. BUSUEGO Assistant Secretary of Health Mindanao Operations Cluster
OFFICE OF HE SECEAY DR. ENRIQUE A. TAYAG Assistant Secretary of Health Support to Service Delivery Technical Cluster II Director IV, National Epidemiology Center
DR. ENRIQUE A. TAYAG Assistant Secretary of Health Support to Service Delivery Technical Cluster II Director IV, National Epidemiology Center
ATTY. NICOLAS B. LUTERO III Assistant Secretary of Health Support to Service Delivery Cluster III Director IV, Bureau of Health Facilities and Services OIC- Legal Service OIC- Food and Drug Administration
DR. ROMULO A. BUSUEGO Assistant Secretary of Health Mindanao Operations Cluster Chief of Hospital III, Davao Regional Hospital
MS. MA. CAROLINA V. TAIÑO Director IV Internal Audit Service
DR. LYNDON LEE SUY Director III, Infectious Disease Office National Center for Disease Prevention &Control
FOOD AND DUG ADMINISRION ATTY. NICOLAS B. LUTERO III Director IV Food and Drug Administration DR. ARIEL I. VALENCIA Director IV Field Regulatory Operations ATTY. RONALD R. DE VEYRA Director III Administration and Finance MS. AGNETTE PERALTA Director IV Center for Devices, Radiation Health & Research Food & Drug Administration ATTY. AGUSTIN C. MANGILA, V. Director III Center for Devices, Radiation Health & Research Food & Drug Administration
HEALH POLICY FINANCE AND ESEACH DEVELOPMEN CLUSE DR. LILIBETH C. DAVID Assistant Secretary of Health Cluster Head, Health Policy Finance and Research Development Cluster Director IV, Health Policy Development and Planning Bureau MS. MAYLENE M. BELTRAN Director IV Bureau of International Health Cooperation DR. ANNA MELISSA GUERRERO OIC- Project Manager National Center for Pharmaceutical Access and Management
SPECIAL CONCENS ECHNICAL CLUSE DR. ELMER G. PUNZALAN Assistant Secretary of Health Head, Special Concerns Technical Cluster
Directory DOH OFFICIALS DIRECTORY
DR. CRISELDA G. ABESAMIS Director IV Special Concerns Technical Cluster
ADMINISRION ECHNICAL CLUSE DR. NEMESIO T. GAKO Undersecretary of Health Head, Administration Technical Cluster Chair, Change Management Committee of the DOH Rationalization Plan DR. MA. THERESA G. VERA Director III Procurement Service Head, Central Office Bids & Awards Committee Secretariat MS. ANGELINA A. DEL MUNDO Director III Administrative Service
INENAL FINANCE MANAGEMEN ECHNICAL CLUSE MS. BLESILDA A. GUTIERREZ Assistant Secretary of Health Head, Internal Finance Management Technical Cluster MS. CRISPINITA A. VALDEZ Director III Knowledge Management and Information Technology Service MR. LAUREANO C. CRUZ OIC -Director III Finance Service
SUPPO O SEVICE DELIVEY CLUSE I DR. ROLAND CORTEZ Assistant Secretary of Health Support to Service Delivery Cluster I Medical Center Chief II, East Avenue Medical Center DR. RICARDO RAMOS Director IV, Health facility Development Bureau ARCH. REBECCA PEÑAFIEL Director III National Center for Health Facilities and Development
SUPPO O SEVICE DELIVEY CLUSE II DR. ENRIQUE A. TAYAG Assistant Secretary of Health Support to Service Delivery Technical Cluster II Director IV, National Epidemiology Center
6
DR. IRMA L. ASUNCION OIC - Director IV Disease Prevention and Control Bureau Director III
DR. NESTOR SANTIAGO, JR. Director IV Bureau of Local Health Development (BLHD) Regional Office – Calabarzon
DR. MARIO S. BAQUILOD OIC-Director III, Infectious Disease Office National Center for Disease Prevention &Control
ATACHED AGENCIES
DR. FERCHITO AVELINO Director III Philippine National AIDS Council Family Health Office DR. ARNEL RIVERA OIC - Director III Health Emergency Management Service DR. IVANHOE C. ESCARTIN OIC-Director IV National Center for Health Promotion
SUPPO O SEVICE DELIVEY CLUSE III ATTY. NICOLAS B. LUTERO III Assistant Secretary of Health Support to Service Delivery Cluster III Director IV, Bureau of Health Facilities and Services OIC- Legal Service DR. EMMANUEL LABELLA Director IV Bureau of Quarantine and International Surveillance DR. FERDINAND SALCEDO Director III Bureau of Quarantine and International Surveillance
ATTY. ALEXANDER PADILLA President & CEO Philippine Health Insurance Corporation DR. ISIDRO SIA Executive Director Philippine Institute of Traditional & Alternative Health Care MA. BERNARDITA FLORES Assistant Secretary Executive Director IV National Nutrition Council DR. JUAN ANTONIO A. PEREZ III Executive Director Commission on Population (POPCOM)
CENES FO HEALH DEVELOPMEN & DOH AMM DOH AUTONOMOUS REGION FOR MUSLIM MINDANAO
DR. KADIL M. SINOLINDING, JR. Secretary of Health DR. LINANG L. ADIONG Assistant Secretary of Health Regional Office Cordillera Administrative Region
DR. VALERIANO V. LOPEZ OIC, Director IV
WOMEN, CHILDEN AND FAMILY HEALH CLUSE
DR. AMELITA PANGILINAN OIC, Director III
DR. JANETTE L. GARIN Undersecretary of Health Support to Service Delivery Cluster IV Cluster Head, Women, Children and Family Health Focal Person, Cabinet Assistance System and Presidential Management Staff
Regional Office I
DR. FERCHITO AVELINO Director III, Bureau of Local Health D evelopment Philippine National AIDS Council DR. MARIA JOYCE U. DUCUSIN OIC-Director III Family Health Office DR. JUAN ANTONIO A. PEREZ III Executive Director Commission on Population (POPCOM) MS. MARIA BERNARDITA T. FLORES Assistant Secretary/Executive Director National Nutrition Council (NNC)
DR. MYRNA C. CABOTAJE Director IV DR. BENITO ARCA Director III Regional Office II
DR. RIO L. MAGPANTAY Director IV DR. EDWARD A. ALBANO OIC - Director III Regional Office III
DR. LEONITA P. GORGOLON Director IV DR. RUBY CONSTANTINO OIC Director III
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Regional Office IVA
Regional Office VII
Regional Office XI
DR. NESTOR F. SANTIAGO, JR. Director IV
DR. JAIME S. BERNADAS Director IV
DR. ABDULLAH B. DUMAMA, JR. Director IV
DR. CORAZON I. FLORES OIC - Director III
DR. LAKSHMI I.LEGASPI Director III
DR. ANNABELLE YUMANG OIC - Director III
Regional Office IVB
Regional Office VIII
Regional Office XII
DR. EDUARDO C. JANAIRO Director IV
DR. JOSE R. LLACUNA, JR. Director IV
DR. TEOGENES F. BALUMA Director IV
DR. FAITH F. ALBERTO OIC - Director III
DR. PAULA PAZ SYDIONGCO OIC - Director III
DR. LOUELLA ESTEMBER OIC - Director III
Regional Office V
Regional Office IX
Regional Office CARAGA
DR. GLORIA J. BALBOA Director IV
DR. NIMFA B. TORRIZO OIC - Director IV
DR. MINERVA PERIGRINO-MOLON OIC-Director IV
DR. NAPOLEON L. AREVALO Director III
DR. FRANCISCO V. MATEO OIC - Director III
DR. CESAR C. CASSION Director III
Regional Office VI
Regional Office X
Regional Office NCR
DR. MARLYN W. CONVOCAR Director IV
DR. ARISTIDES C. TAN Director IV
DR. PAZ CORRALES OIC-Director III
DR. ADRIANO P. SUBA-AN Director III
DR. TEODORO J. HERBOSA Undersecretary of Health Operations Cluster for NCR & Metro Manila Hospitals Director IV DR. RUBEN SIAPNO OIC - Director III
Directory DOH OFFICIALS DIRECTORY
DOH Hospials
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SPECIALY HOSPIALS DR. JOSE LUIS J. DANGUILAN Executive Director LUNG CENTER OF THE PHILIPPINES Quezon Avenue, Quezon City DR. JOSE DANTE P. DATOR Executive Director NATIONAL KIDNEY & TRANSPLANT INSTITUTE East Avenue, Quezon City DR. JULIUS LECCIONES Executive Director PHILIPPINE CHILDREN’S MEDICAL CENTER Quezon Avenue, Quezon City DR. MANUEL T. CHUA CHIACO, JR. Executive Director PHILIPPINE HEART CENTER East Avenue, Quezon City
SPECIAL HOSPIAL DR. EMMANUEL M. BUENO Medical Center chief II AMANG RODRIGUEZ MEMORIAL MEDICAL CENTER Sumulong Highway, Marikina City DR. RUBEN C. FLORES Medical Center Chief II DR. JOSE FABELLA MEMORIAL HO SPITAL Sta. Cruz, Manila DR. ROLAND CORTEZ Medical Center Chief II EAST AVENUE MEDICAL CENTER East Avenue, Quezon City DR. EMMANUEL MONTAÑA, JR. Medical Center Chief II JOSE R. REYES MEMORIAL MEDICAL CENTER Rizal Avenue, Manila DR. BERNARDINO A. VICENTE Medical Center Chief II NATIONAL CENTER FOR ME NTAL HEALTH Mandaluyong City DR. EPIFANIA SIMBUL Medical Center Chief II NATIONAL CHILDREN’S H OSPITAL E. Rodriguez Avenue, Quezon City JOSE BRITTANIO S. PUJALTE, JR. OIC-Medical Cneter Chief II PHILIPPINE ORTHOPEDIC CENTER Quezon City DR. ANGELES DE LEON Medical Center Chief II QUIRINO MEMORIAL MEDICAL CENTER Project 4, Quezon City
DR. MA. SOCORRO P. LUPISAN Director IV RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR TROPICAL MEDICINE FILINVEST Corporate City, Alabang, Muntinlupa City
DR. EPIFANIO B. PAGALILAUAN, JR. Chief of Hospital III LUIS HORA MEMORIAL REGIONAL HOSPITAL Bauko, Mt. Province
DR. RELITO M. SAQUILAYAN Medical Center Chief II RIZAL MEDICAL CENTER Pasig City
DR. DANILO A. DOMINGO Chief of Hospital II FAR NORTH LUZON GENERAL HOSPITAL & TRAINING CENTER Luna, Apayao
DR. WINSTON GO Medical Center Chief II SAN LAZARO H OSPITAL Quiricada, Manila
DR. NELSON O. RIGOR Chief of Hospital II CONNER DISTRICT HOSPITAL Conner, Apayao
DR. MA. ISABELITA M. ESTRELLA Medical Center Chief II TONDO MEDICAL CENTER Balut, Tondo, Manila
EGIONAL OFFICE CAGAYAN VALLEY
EGIONAL OFFICE � NC DR. EDGARDO JAVILLONAR Medical Center Chief I DR. JOSE N. RODRIGUEZ MEMORIAL HOSPITAL Tala, Caloocan City
DR. EMMANUEL F. ACLUBA Medical Center Chief II CAGAYAN VALLEY MEDICAL CENTER Tuguegarao City, Cagayan DR. ILDEFONSO COSTALES Chief of Hospital II SOUTHERN ISABELA GENERAL HOSPITAL Santiago City, Isabela
DR. EDMUNDO LOPEZ Medical Center Chief II LAS PIÑAS GENERAL HOSPITAL & SATELLITE TRAUMA CENTER Las Piñas City
DR. NAPOLEON OBAÑA OIC – Medical Center Chief VETERANS REGIONAL HOSPITAL Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya
DR. MARILOU T. NERY OIC Chief of Hospital II SAN LORENZO RUIZ WOMEN’S HOSPITAL Malabon City
DR. JEFFREY CANCERAN OIC – Chief of Hospital III BATANES GENERAL HOSPITAL Basco, Batanes
DR. MARIO C. PANAY Medical Center Chief II VALENZUELA MEDICAL CENTER Padrigal St., Karuhatan, Valenzuela City
EGIONAL OFFICE CENRL LUZON
EGIONAL OFFICE ILOCOS
DR. GLORIA BALTAZAR Medical Center Chief I BATAAN GENERAL HOSPITAL Balanga, Bataan
DR. RICARDO B. RUNEZ Medical Center Chief II ILOCOS TRAINING AND REGIONAL MEDICAL CENTER San Fernando City, La Union
DR. YOLANDA L. DEE Medical Center Chief II JOSE B. LINGAD MEMORIAL REGIONAL HOSPITAL San Fernando City, Pampanga
DR. LOURDES K. OTAYZA Medical Center Chief II MARIANO MARCOS MEMORIAL MEDICAL CENTER Batac, Ilocos Norte
DR. LEONITA P. GORGOLON OIC – Chief of Hospital Director IV, DOH Regional Office III MARIVELES MENTAL HOSPITAL Bonifacio street, Mariveles, Bataan
DR. JOSEPH ROLAND O. MEJIA Medical Center Chief I REGION I MEDICAL CENTER Dagupan City, Pangasinan
DR. HUBERTO LAPUZ Medical Center Chief II PAULINO J. GARCIA MEMORI AL RESEARCH & MEDICAL CENTER Cabanatuan City TALAVERA EXTENSION HOSPITAL Talavera, Nueva Ecija
EGIONAL OFFICE CODILLER DR. EMMANUEL ACLUBA Medical Center Chief II BAGUIO GENERAL HOSPITAL & MEDICAL CENTER Baguio City
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EGIONAL OFFICE CALABAZON�4A DR. RAMONCITO MAGNAYE Medical Center Chief II BATANGAS MEDICAL CENTER Batangas City
EGIONAL OFFICE MIMAOPA�4B DR. ARTURO CUNANAN Chief of Sanitarium II CULION SANITARIUM Culion, Palawan DR. MELECIO DY OIC – Medical Center Chief I OSPITAL NG PALAWAN Puerto Princesa, Palawan
EGIONAL OFFICE BICOL DR. EFREN NERVA Medical Center Chief II BICOL MEDICAL CENTER Naga City DR. ROGELIO G. RIVERA Medical Center Chief II BICOL REGIONAL TRAINING & TEACHING HOSPITAL Legaspi City DR. EDGARDO SARMIENTO Chief of Hospital II BICOL SANITARIUM Cabusao, Camarines Sur
EGIONAL OFFICE VISAYAS DR. JULIUS DRILON Medical Center chief II CORAZON LOCSIN MONTELIBANO MEMORIAL REGIONAL HOSPITAL Bacolod City DR. JOSEPH DEAN NICOLO Chief of Hospital II DON JOSE MONFORT MEDICAL CENTER EXTENSION HOSPITAL Barotac Nuevo, Iloilo DR. JOSE MARI C. FERMIN Medical Center Chief II WESTERN VISAYAS MEDICAL CENTER Iloilo City DR. ANNABELLE DE GUZMAN Medical Center Chief I WESTERN VISAYAS SANITARIUM Sta. Barbara, Iloilo City
EGIONAL OFFICE CENRL VISAYAS
172
DR. MUTYA KRIMET MACUNO Chief of Hospital II DON EMILIO DEL VALLE MEMORI AL HOSPITAL Ubay, Bohol
DR. JOSE TEOFILO D. ARCAY Chief of Hospital III GOVERNOR CELESTINO GALLARES MEMORIAL MEDICAL CENTER Tagbilaran City, Bohol DR. LOPE MARIA P. CARABAÑA Chief of Sanitarium III EVERSELY CHILD SANITARIUM ECS Compound, Jagobiao, Mandaue City, Cebu DR. ROBERT M. DENOPOL Chief of Hospital II ST. ANTHONY MOTHER & CHI LD HOSPITAL Cebu City DR. AGUSTIN AGOS Chief of Hospital II TALISAY DISTRICT HOSPITAL Talisay, Cebu DR. GERARDO AQUINO Medical Center Chief II VICENTE SOTTO MEMORIAL MEDICAL CENTER Cebu City
EGIONAL OFFICE EASEN VISAYAS DR. CIRILO GALINDEZ Medical Center Chief II EASTERN VISAYAS REGIONAL MEDICAL CENTER Tacloban City DR. CHARLEMAGNE ESCAPE Chief of Hospital II SCHISTOSOMIASIS CONTROL & RESEARCH HOSPITAL Palo, Leyte
EGIONAL OFFICE ZAMBOANGA PENINSULA DR. DOMINGO REMUS DAYRIT Chief of Hospital II BASILAN GENERAL HOSPITAL Isabela, Basilan DR. MARIA DINNA C. VIRAY-PARIÑAS Chief of Hospital II DR. JOSE RIZAL MEMORIAL HOSPITAL Lawaan, Dapitan City, Zamboanga del Norte DR. ROY ALEXIS VALDEZ Medical Officer IV LABUAN PUBLIC HOSPITAL Zamboanga City
DR. AMINDADRA MAJID Chief of Hospital II SULU SANITARIUM Jolo City, Sulu DR. ROMEO A. ONG Medical Center Chief II ZAMBOANGA MEDICAL CENTER Zamboanga City
EGIONAL OFFICE NOHEN MINDANAO DR. JESUS MARTIN SANCIANGCO Medical Center Chief I HILARION A. RAMIRO SR. REGIONAL & MEDICAL & TEACHING HOSPITAL Ozamis City DR. JOSE C. CHAN Medical Center Chief II NORTHERN MINDANAO MEDICAL CENTER Capitol Compound, Cagayan de Oro City DR. AMER SABER Medical Center Chief I AMAI PAKPAK MEDICAL CENTER Marawi City, Lanao del Sur
EGIONAL OFFICE SOUHEN MINDANAO DR. LEOPOLDO VEGA Medical Center Chief II SOUTHERN PHILIPPINES MEDICAL CENTER Southern Philippines, Davao City DR. ROMULO BUSUEGO Medical Center Chief II Assistant Secretary Designate Mindanao Operations Cluster DAVAO RE GIONAL HOSPITAL Tagum City, Davao del Norte
EGIONAL OFFICE SOCCSAGEN DR. HELEN P. YAMBAO Medical Center Chief II COTABATO REGIO NAL MEDICAL CENTER Cotabato City DR. IBRAHIM V. PANGATO, JR. Chief of Hospital II COTABATO SANITARIUM Cotabato City
EGIONAL OFFICE CARGA
DR. RICHARD SISON Medical Center Chief I MARGOSATUBIG REGIONAL HOSPITAL Margosatubig, Zamboanga del Sur
DR. PONCIANO LIMCANGCO Medical Center Chief I ADELA SERRA TY MEMORIAL MEDICAL CENTER Tandag, Surigao del Sur
DR. HANNAH TURCO OIC – Chief of Sanitarium I MINDANAO CENTRAL SANITARIUM Pasabolong, Zamboanga City
DR. ANDRES DOLAR, JR Medical Center Chief I CARAGA REGIONAL HOSPITAL Surigao City
Directory DOH OFFICIALS DIRECTORY
Deparmen o Healh Hospial Direcory
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AMANG RODRIGUEZ MEDICAL CENTER Marikina City Dr. EMMANUEL BUENO Medical Center Chief II
PHILIPPINE CHILDREN’S MEDICAL CENTER Quezon Ave., Quezon City Dr. JULIUS LECCIONES Executive Director
DR. JOSE FABELLA MEMORIAL HO SPITAL Lope de Vega, Sta. Cruz, Manila Dr. RUBEN C. FLORES Medical Center Chief II
PHILIPPINE HEART CENTER East Ave., Quezon City Dr. MANUEL T. CHUA CHIACO, Jr. Executive Director
JOSE R. REYES MEMORIAL MEDICAL CENTER Rizal Avenue, Sta. Cruz, Manila Dr. EMMANUEL L. MONTAÑA, Jr. Medical Center Chief II
EGIONAL OFFICE NC
NATIONAL CENTER FOR ME NTAL HEALTH Mandaluyong City Dr. BERNARDINO A. VICENTE Medical Center Chief II NATIONAL CHILDREN’S H OSPITAL E. Rodriguez, Quezon City Dr. EPIFANIA SIMBUL Medical Center Chief II PHILIPPINE ORTHOPEDIC CENTER Maria Clara cor. Banawe St., Quezon City Dr. JOSE BRITTANIO S. PUJALTE, JR. OIC, Medical Center Chief II QUIRINO MEMORIAL MEDICAL CENTER Project 4, Quezon City Dr. ANGELES DE LEON Medical Center Chief II RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR TROPICAL MEDICINE Filinvest Corporate City, Alabang, Muntinlupa City Dr. SOCORRO P. LUPISAN OIC, Director IV RIZAL MEDICAL CENTER Pasig City Dr. RELITO SAQUILAYAN Medical Center Chief II SAN LAZARO HOSPITAL Quiricada St., Sta. Cruz, Manila Dr. WINSTON GO Medical Center Chief II TONDO MEDICAL CENTER Balut, Tondo, Manila Dr. CRISTINA V. ACUESTA OIC, Medical Center Chief II
SPECIALY HOSPIAL LUNG CENTER OF THE PHILIPPINES Quezon Ave., Quezon City Dr. JOSE LUIS J. DANGUILAN Executive Director NATIONAL KIDNEY AND TRANSPLANT INSTITUTE East Ave., Quezon City Dr. AILEEN R. JAVIER Executive Director
6
BATANES GENERAL HOSPITAL Basco, Batanes Dr. JEFFREY ANTHONY T. CANCERAN OIC, Chief of Hospital III DR. JOSE N. RODRIGUEZ MEMORIAL HOSPITAL Tala, Caloocan City Dr. EDGARDO JAVILLONAR Chief of Sanitarium III LAS PIÑAS GENERAL AND SATELLITE TRAUMA CENTER Las Piñas City Dr. EDMUNDO LOPEZ District Health Officer II SAN LORENZO RUIZ WOMEN’S HOSPITAL O. Reyes St., Santulan, Malabon,Metro Manila Dr. ISABELITA ESTRELLA Chief of Hospital I VALENZUELA MEDICAL CENTER Karuhatan, Valenzuela City Dr. MARIO C. PANAY District Health Officer II
EGIONAL OFFICE ILOCOS ILOCOS TRAINING AND REGIONAL MEDICAL CENTER San Fernando, La Union Dr. FRANCISCO A. VALDEZ Chief of Hospital III MARIANO MARCOS MEMORIAL MEDICAL CENTER Batac, Ilocos Norte Dr. MA. LOURDES K. OTAYZA Chief of Hospital III REGION I MEDICAL CENTER Dagupan City, Pangasinan Dr. JOSEPH ROLAND O. MEJIA Medical Center Chief I
EGIONAL OFFICE FO CODILLER BAGUIO GENERAL HOSPITAL AND MEDICAL CENTER BGHMC Cmpd., Baguio City Dr. JIMMY CABFIT OIC, Medical Center Chief I CONNER DISTRICT HOSPITAL Conner, Apayao Dr. NELSON RIGOR Chief of Hospital I
FAR NORTH LUZON GENERAL HOSPITAL & TRAINING CENTER Quirino, Luna, Apayao Dr. DANILO A. DOMINGO Chief of Hospital II LUIS HORA MEMORIAL HOSPITAL Abatan, Bauko, Mt. Province Dr. EPIFANIO PAGALILAUAN, Jr. OIC, Chief of Hospital I
EGIONAL OFFICE FO CAGAYAN VALLEY CAGAYAN VALLEY MEDICAL CENTER Tuguegarao, Cagayan Dr. EMMANUEL F. ACLUBA Chief of Hospital III SOUTHERN ISABELA GENERAL HOSPITAL Santiago City Dr. JOSE ILDEFONSO B. COSTALES, JR. Chief of Hospital III VETERANS REGIONAL HOSPITAL Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya Dr. CIRILO GALINDEZ Chief of Hospital III
EGIONAL OFFICE FO CENRL LUZON BATAAN GENERAL HOSPTAL Balanga, Bataan Dr. GLORIA BALTAZAR OIC, Chief of Hospital III JOSE B. LINGAD MEMORIAL REGIONAL HOSPITAL San Fernando, Pampanga Dr. YOLANDA L. DEE Chief of Hospital III MARIVELES MENTAL HOSPITAL Bonifacio Street, Mariveles, Bataan Dr. LEONITA P. GORGOLON Director IV, OIC, Chief of Hospital PAULINO J. GARCIA MEMORI AL RESEARCH & MEDICAL CENTER Cabanatuan City Dr. HUBERTO F. LAPUZ Medical Center Chief I TALAVERA EXTENSION HOSPITAL Talavera, Nueva Ecija Dr. VICENTE CRUZ Chief of Hospital I
EGIONAL OFFICE FO SOUHEN AGALOG �CALABAZON � 4A� BATANGAS MEDICAL CENTER Batangas City R. RAMONCITO MAGNAYE Chief of Hospital III
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Deparmen o Healh Hospial Direcory EGIONAL OFFICE FO SOUHEN AGALOG �MIMAOPA � 4B� CULION SANITARIUM Culion, Palawan Dr. ARTURO CUNANAN, Jr. Chief of Sanitarium II OSPITAL NG PALAWAN Puerto Princesa City DR. JOSE LLACUNA, JR. Provincial Health Officer I
EGIONAL OFFICE FO BICOL BICOL MEDICAL CENTER Naga City Dr. EFREN NERVA Medical Center Chief I BICOL REGIONAL TRAINING AND TEACHING HOSPITAL Legaspi City Dr. ROGELIO RIVERA Chief of Hospital III BICOL SANITARIUM Cabusao, Camarines Sur Dr. EDGARDO R. SARMIENTO Chief of Sanitarium II
EGIONAL OFFICE FO WESEN VISAYAS CORAZON LOCSIN MONTELIBANO MEMORIAL REGIONAL HO SPITAL Bacolod City Dr. JULIUS DRILON Chief of Hospital III DON JOSE MONFORT MEDICAL CENTER EXTENSION HOSPITAL Barotac Nuevo, Iloilo Dr. JOSEPH DEAN NICOLO Officer-in-Charge WESTERN VISAYAS MEDICAL CENTER Mandurriao, Iloilo City Dr. JOSE MARI C. FERMIN Chief of Hospital III
WESTERN VISAYAS SANITARIUM Sta. Barabara, Iloilo DR. ANNABELLE DE GUZMAN Chief of Sanitarium II
EGIONAL OFFICE FO CENRL VISAYAS DON EMILIO DEL VALLE MEMORI AL HOSPITAL Ubay, Bohol Dr. MUTYA KISMET T. MACUNO Chief of Hospital I
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EVERSLEY CHILDS SANITARIUM Mandaue City Dr. LOPE MARIA CARABAÑA Chief of Sanitarium III
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GOV. CELESTINO GALLARES MEMORIAL MEDICAL CENTER Tagbilaran City Dr. JOSE TEOFILO D. ARCAY OIC, Chief of Hospital III ST. ANTHONY MOTHER AND CHILD HOSPITAL Cebu City Dr. ROBERT M. DENOPOL Chief of Hospital II TALISAY DISTRICT HOSPITAL Talisay, Cebu Dr. AGUSTIN AGOS Chief of Hospital I VICENTE SOTTO MEMORIAL MEDICAL CENTER Dr. GERARDO AQUINO Chief of Hospital III
EGIONAL OFFICE FO EASEN VISAYAS EASTERN VISAYAS REGIONAL MEDICAL CENTER Tacloban City Dr. ALBERTO DE LEON Chief of Hospital III SCHISTOSOMIASIS CONTROL AND RESEARCH HOSPITAL Palo, Leyte Dr. CHARLEMAGNE ESCAPE Chief of Hospital I
EGIONAL OFFICE FO ZAMBOANGA PENINSULA BASILAN GENERAL HOSPITAL Basilan Dr. DOMINGO REMUS DAYRIT Chief of Hospital II DR. JOSE RIZAL MEMORIAL HOSPITAL Lawa-an, Dapitan City Dr. MARIA DINNA VIRAY-PARIÑAS Chief of Hospital II LABUAN PUBLIC HOSPITAL Labuan, Zamboanga del Sur Dr. ROY ALEXIS VALDEZ Medical Officer IV MARGOSATUBIG REGIONAL HOSPITAL Margosatubig, Zamboanga del Sur Dr. RICHARD SISON Chief of Hospital MINDANAO CENTRAL SANITARIUM Pasobolong, Zamboanga City Dr. ALFONSO MONTUNO OIC, Chief of Sanitarium II SULU SANITARIUM Jolo, Sulu DR. AMINKADRA MAJID Chief of Hospital II
ZAMBOANGA CITY MEDICAL CENTER Zamboanga City Dr. ROMEO A. ONG Chief of Hospital III
EGIONAL OFFICE FO NOHEN MINDANAO AMAI PAKPAK MEDICAL CENTER Marawi City Dr. AMER SABER Chief of Hospital II MAYOR HILARION A. RAMIRO SR. REGIONAL AND TEACHING HOSPITAL Ozamis City Dr. JESUS MARTIN SANCIANGCO III Chief of Hospital II NORTHERN MINDANAO MEDICAL CENTER Capitol Cmpd., Cagayan de Oro City Dr. JOSE CHAN Chief of Hospital III
EGIONAL OFFICE FO SOUHEN MINDANAO DAVAO RE GIONAL HOSPITAL Tagum, Davao del Norte Dr. ROMULO BUSUEGO Chief of Hospital III SOUTHERN PHILIPPINES MEDICAL CENTER Davao City Dr. LEOPOLDO VEGA Chief of Hospital III
EGIONAL OFFICE FO SOCCSSAGEN COTABATO REGIONAL AND MEDICAL CENTER Sinsuat Ave., Cotabato City Dr. HELEN P. YAMBAO Chief of Hospital III COTABATO SANITARIUM Brgy. Pinaring, Sultan Kudarat, Maguindanao Dr. IBRAHIM PANGATO OIC, Chief of Sanitarium I
EGIONAL OFFICE FO CARGA ADELA SERRA TY MEMORIAL MEDICAL CENTER Tandag, Surigao del Sur DR. PONCIANO LIMCANGCO Chief of Hospital III CARAGA REGIONAL HOSPITAL Surigao City DR. ANDRES DOLAR, JR. Medical Center Chief I
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COMMISSION ON POPULATION
DANGEROUS DRUGS BOARD
FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION
e pressing issue o populaion conrol led o he issuance o Execuive Order (EO) No. 233 in 1971, creaing he Commission on Populaion (POPCOM) wih a mandae o serve as he governmen’s cenral coordinaing and policy-making body on populaion. I was atached o various agencies prior o is presen affiliaion wih he DOH: he Deparmen o Social Welare and Developmen (1986), he Office o he Presiden (1990), he Naional Economic and Developmen Auhoriy (1991). Finally in 2003, Presiden Arroyo issued EO 188, ataching POPCOM o he DOH. POPCOM was borne ou he Populaion Ac o he Philippines signed in 1971, which was ollowed by he implemenaion o he Naional Family Planning Program under he Marcos adminisraion in 1972. In is original orm, he program was direced owards eriliy reducion. I laer broadened is approach owards becoming a comprehensive child and maernal healh program during Presiden Cory Aquino’s adminisraion. e ‘90s winessed new vigor being inused ino he program as Presiden amos aligned is goals o he populaion-resources-environmen ramework o he governmen, wih a ocus on achieving balance among hese elemens o achieve susainable growh. e new millennium signaled a change in he go vernmen’s approach o amily planning wih esponsible Parenhood as he lynchpin o he reormulaed Philippine Populaion Managemen Program under he Esrada adminisraion. e our pillars o he program are idenified as esponsible Parenhood, espec or Lie, Birh Spacing and Inormed Choice. As healh services were devolved during he erm o Presiden Arroyo, providing reproducive healh inormaion and services ell on he shoulders o he LGUs. Under his se-up, naural amily planning was adoped as he naional policy, while arificial amily planning became he purview o he LGUs. A breakhrough in he governmen’s populaion managemen program was seen in he passage o he esponsible Parenhood and eproducive Healh Ac o 2012 or R 10354. e landmark legislaion guaranees access o reproducive healh and amily planning inormaion, services and sae birh conrol. Under his law, raher han achieving populaion arges, he ocus o POPCOM is supporing he governmen’s iniiaives owards susainable human developmen.
R 6425, oherwise known as he Dangerous Drugs Ac o 1972, passed ino law on March 30, 1972, creaing he Dangerous Drugs Board (DDB) under he Office o he Presiden. e DDB is mandaed o be he policy-making and coordinaing agency as well as he naional clearing house on all maters peraining o law enorcemen and conrol o dangerous drugs; reamen and rehabiliaion o drug dependens; drug abuse prevenion, raining and inormaion; research and saisics on he dr ug problem and he raining o personnel. Seven naional agencies in he counry iniially ormed par o he DDB: he Deparmen o Healh, Deparmen o Social Service and Developmen, Deparmen o Educaion, Culure and Spors, Deparmen o Jusice, Deparmen o Naional Deense, Deparmen o Finance and he Naional Bureau o Invesigaion. R 9165 or he Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Ac o 2002 effecively repealed he 1972 law, expanding he membership o he Board o include agencies such as he Deparmen o Inerior and Local Governmen, Deparmen o Labor and Employmen, Deparmen o Foreign Affairs, Commission on Higher Educaion, Naional Youh Commission, and he newly esablished Philippine Drug Enorcemen Agency. e new law also sreamlined he uncions o he DDB and ushered he developmen o new programs and iniiaives.
On June 22, 1963, R 3720 or he “Food, Drugs and Cosmeic Ac” passed ino law and creaed he Food and Drug Adminisraion (FDA). e FDA was mandaed o ensure he saey, puriy and qualiy o ood, drugs and cosmeic producs. I absorbed he exising Division o Food and Drug esing under he Bureau o esearch and Laboraories and he Board o Food Inspecion. In 1973, he FDA ook over he Narcoic Drugs Division o he Bureau o Inernal evenue as par o he Inegraed eorganizaion Plan. In 1982, he FDA was urher reorganized ino he Bureau o Food and Drugs (BFAD). Amendmens o R 3720 widened he bureau’s mandae, resuling in EO 175 or he “Foods, Drugs, and Devices and Cosmeics Ac.” e Naional Drug Policy workorce was inegraed o he BFAD in 1999. e passing o R 9711 or he FDA Srenghening Ac o 2009 reorganized he bureau’s divisions rom auhorizaion o produc-based ceners. I also inegraed he regional offices ino a single direcorae, srenghening he agency’s law enorcemen capabiliy. I revered o is original name, he Food and Drug Adminisraion.
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NATIONAL NUTRITION COUNCIL In 1974, Presidenial Decree No. 491 or he Nuriion Ac o he Philippines creaed he Naional Nuriion Council (NNC) as he highes policy-making and coordinaing body on nuriion. In 1987, i became an iner-secoral organizaion, w ih membership expanding o include he Deparmens o Budge and Managemen, Labor and Employmen, rade and Indusry, and he Naional Economic and Developmen Auhoriy. e NNC was originally chaired by he DSWD unil auhoriy was ranserred o he Deparmen o Agriculure in 1988. Finally, in 2005, he DOH ook over chairmanship o he NNC. Is uncion was also expanded o include hunger-miigaion, which was srenghened by he issuance o EO 616, naming he NNC as he oversigh o he Acceleraed Hunger Miigaion Program.
THE PHILIPPINE INSTITUTE OF TRADITIONAL AND ALTERNATIVE HEALTH CARE The Philippine Institute of Traditional and Alternative Health Care (PITAHC) is geared towards the provision and delivery of traditional and alternative health care (TAHC) products, services and technologies that have been proven safe, effective and affordable. It was created through RA 8423, otherwise known as the Traditional and Alternative Medicine Act (TAMA) of 1997. The practice of traditional medicine is deeplyrooted in Filipino culture, dating back to pre-His panic times. Its importance to our health delivery system is recognized to this day especially in rural areas where practitioners and remedies based on traditional medicine remain relevant. In order to promote its use, encourage further research in the eld, and formulate guidelines and standards with regard to its practice, the Traditional Medicine Program was launched in 1992 by the DOH under Sec. Juan Flavier. PITAHC currently has four processing plants manufacturing key herbal products endorsed by the DOH as medically safe and effective. It also conducts seminars on traditional and alternative treatments such homeopathy and chiropractic, and community-based trainings on herbal medicine and acupuncture.
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THE PHILIPPINE NATIONAL AIDS COUNCIL e Philippine Naional AIDS Council (PNAC) is an organizaion ha oversees he inegraed and comprehensive AIDS prevenion and conrol program in he counry. I was esablished hrough EO 39 signed by Pres. amos in December 1992. o carry ou is mandae, PNAC works wih 21 muli-secoral parners, 13 rom he governmen (De parmen o Foreign Affairs, Deparmen o Inerior and Local Governmen, Deparmen o Jusice, Deparmen o ourism, Deparmen o Social Welare and Developmen, Philippine Inormaion Agency, Senae Commitee on Healh, Congress Commitee on Healh Deparmen o Labor and Employmen, Deparmen Budge and Managemen, Deparmen o Educaion, Culure and Spors, and Deparmen o Healh) and 7 non-governmen agencies (Insiue or Social Sudies and Acion, Te Library Foundaion, Kabalika ng Pamilyang Pilipino, HIV/AIDS Nework Philippines, Pinoy Plus, Women’s Healh Care Foundaion, and Healh Acion Inormaion Nework represenaives). In 1998, R 8504 or he Philippine AIDS Prevenion and Conrol Ac was passed under Presiden Arroyo. e law provides or educaion and inormaion abou HIV in he workplace and proecs agains discriminaory acs agains ineced individuals. oday, PNAC, which is chaired by he DOH, suppors he 5h AIDS Medium erm Plan 2011-2016, which seeks o sop he spread o HIV in he counry by broadening is reach especially o hose who are idenified as mos-arisk o inecion.
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Commission on Population-History. Retrieved June 3, 2013 from http://www. popcom.gov. ph Dangerous Drugs Board-History. Retrieved June 3, 2013 from http://www. ddb.gov.ph Diokno, T. (2005). A Reintroduction of Our Heritage. Dambana ni San Lazaro : Ika 428 Taong Paglilingkod sa mga may Karamdaman Karamda man at Dukha para sa Pagpapanibago ng Buhay (pp. 2-5). Manila: Shrine of St. Lazarus. Food and Drug Administration-History. Retrieved June 3, 2013 from http://www. fda.gov.ph National Nutrition Council-History. Retrieved from http://www.nnc.gov.ph Ocampo, L. (2008). The Beginnings of Charitable Work Work in the Philippines - The Colonial History of San Lazaro Hospital. Shrine of St. Lazarus - 429th Fiesta Celebration Celebra tion (pp. 14-29). Manila: Shrine of St. Lazarus. Philippine Institute of Traditional and Alternativee Health Care-History. Retrieved Alternativ June 3, 2013 from www.doh.gov.ph Philippine National AIDS Council. Retrieved June 3, 2013 from http://www. pnac.org.ph. Philippines. PhilHealth Chronicles: The Journey Towards Universal Social Health Insurance. In surance. (2005). Manila: Philippine Health Insurance Corpora Corporation. tion.
Shrine of St. Lazarus. (2008). Manila: Shrine of St. Lazarus.
Burkholder, S. & Hart, I. (1948). History of the San Lazaro Hospital. Retrieved June 3, 2013 from http://doh.gov.ph
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BOOK TEAM From Left To Right ( Top) Mayleen V. Aguirre, Mariecar C. Mangosong, Jade Lou D. Dulawan, Aida S. Aracap, Dr. Aleli Annie Grace P. Sudiacal (Bottom) Jailene Faye C. Rojas, Crispinita A. Valdez, Charity L. Tan
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Sources o Images Filipino Heriage: e Making o a Naion. Volume II, pp.528, 530-531 Lopez Memorial Museum and Library: pp. 19, 20, 24, 25, 30, 32-33, 34-35, 36, 72, 76-77, 78-79, 89,92-93, 94 Illusraions by Dane Divina:pp.19, 20, 21 Church o S. Vincen Ferrer (csv.org) p. 36 Phoo credi: Paul Zalonski in Communio (sblogs.org) p.24 Phoo credi: New eological Movemen:p. 28 Our Islands, Our People (1899). Volume II: p.28-29, 41 Co ec ai Medical Museum Collecion: pp. 30-31, 35, 61, 62-63, 65, 67,70-71, 72-73, 74-75, 77, 83, Deparmen o Healh: pp. 40, 91, 94, 96, 98, 100, 102 Malacanang Museum: p. 60, 64, 82, 89, 90, 97 icardo . Jose Collecion pp.80-81 World Healh Organizaion (WHO)p.101 All he oher images no menioned above are he propery o Sudio 5 Designs
Acknowledgmens INDIVIDUALS, FAMILIES, AND INSTITUTIONS Former DOH Secretary Dr. Alfredo RA Bengzon Former DOH Secretary Dr. Antonio Periquet Former DOH Secretary Dr. Jaime Galvez-Tan Former DOH Secretary Dr. Carmencita Reodica Former DOH Secretary Dr. Felipe Estrella Former DOH Secretary Dr. Alberto Romualdez Former DOH Secretary Manuel Dayrit Former DOH Secretary Francisco Duque III Former DOH Secretary Esperanza Cabral Dr. Willie T. Ong, MD, MPH and Dr. Ana Liza R. Ong , MD of the Co Tec Tai Medical Museum Lopez Memorial Museum and Library The Presidential Museum and Library
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