Zdo Af`kufko gm tdo Afw - _rlf` F. Afvory Edfptor @gtos ly _cf Kgpfa*
Flgut tdo Futdgr2 Fukustn` Afvory Afvory6 _rlf` Fukustn`
(644?(644?-6>? 6>?>), >), wfs lgr` lgr` g` Bf`ufr Bf`ufry y =, 644? 644? n` Afvory Afvory,, Xo``syavf`nf, _`ntoj Utftos. Do wfs fjcnttoj tg Naan`gns lfr n` 6>68. Do pfrt`oroj sovor sovorfa fa afw afw mnrcs mnrcs n` Edne Ednefk fkg g mrgc mrgc 6>68 6>68-6 -6>5 >55. 5. Do wfs wfs tdo tdo Afw Afw ojntg ojntgrr gm [o [ost st < Xulansdn`k Egcpf`y, Ut. Xfua , mrgc 6>5:-6>5>. Do wfs fasg tdo cf`fkn`k ojntgr gm tdo Fcornef Fcornef` ` Lfr Fssgen Fssgenftng ftng` ` Bgur`f Bgur`faa mrgc mrgc 6>5>-6 6>5>-6>:< >:<.. N` n`jnvnj n`jnvnjufa ufa prfetne prfetneo, o, do spoenfanzoj spoenfanzoj n` Mojo Mojorf rfaa afw afw cftto cfttors rs,, sn`eo sn`eo 6>:< 6>:<.. Mrgc Mrgc 6>:: 6>:: tg 6>:= 6>:=,, do wfs tdo fssnstf`t tg Fttgr`oy Ko`orfa gm tdo _`ntoj Utftos n` f`tn-trust cfttors. Do dfs loo` f eg`trnlutgr tg cf`y aokfa bgur`fas. Do ns tdo futdgr gm stf`jfrj afw lggis n` Mojorfa Fjcn`nstrftnvo Afw.
Uuccfry wrntto` Zdo Af`kufko gm Afw fs f` ossfy, tdft do df`jaos n` twg _rlf` F Afvory dfs wrntto` Zdo pfrts. N` tdo mnrst pfrt tdo futdgr lrn`ks mgrwfrj tdo jomoets n` tdo af`kufko usoj ly afwyor ospoenfaay n` nts wrntto` mgrc. N` tdo soeg`j pfrt, tdo futdgr fncs ft fjjrossn`k tdo afei gm prgpor cotdgjgagky m gr Afwyors tg romor tg n` tdo sulboet gm Aokfa O`kansd f`j knvos sncpa sncp ao sgautng`s tg egrroet nt. Zdo futdgr afco`ts tdo afei gm f`y lggi gr kunjo tdft spofis gm gr ncpfrts i`gwaojko g` tdo cotdgjs gm wrntn`k Aokfa O`kansd , wdorofs do sfys tdft tdoro fro sg cf`y lggis tdft egvor tdo wrntn`k gm pgotry, prgso, seno` seno`tnm tnmne ne O`ka O`kansd nsd f`j f`j tdo tdo anio. anio. Afvo Afvory ry entos entos cf`y cf`y oxfc oxfcpa paos os fs entoj entoj ly cf`y cf`y krfccfrnf`s f`j aokfa oxports, sued fs, [naanfc Udfiospofro, wdg wfs sfrefstne n` dns glsorvftng` flgut tdo styao gm afwyors af`kufko tdft dfj trneiory9 [naanfc Efxtg` 5, Kogrko Kogrko Eggjo Eggjo:, Unr [naanfc [naanfc Lafeist Lafeistg`o g`o?, Xrgm Xrgmos ossg sgrr Dnaa Dnaa gm Dfrv Dfrvfrj frj=, Unr Frtd Frtdur ur ; 4 Vunaaor Egfed , Bgd` Utufrt Cnaa , wdg dfvo dfvo cfjo cfjo tdonr tdonr glsor glsorvft vftng` ng`ss rokfrjn rokfrjn`k `k tdo tdo mfuaty af`kufko fjgptoj ly afwyors n` aokfa wrntn`k. Afvory, n` faa cgjosty fasg gmmors sgautng`s tg sgavo tdns prglaoc tdorogm.
N` tdo mnrst pfrt, tdo pfpor fncs ft mgeusn`k g` tdo jomoets provfao`t n` tdo wrntn`k styao gm Aokfa O`kansd fjgptoj ly afwyors. Nt toaas gm tdo n`doro`t flnanty tg eg`muso f 6
@. (<864). _rlf` Fukustn`o Afvory. Xrflggi. [graj O`eyeagpfojnf, O`eyeagpfojnf, N`e. \otrnovoj g` Cfy 56, <864 mrgc dttps2//prflggi.egc/wol/urlf`Wfukustn`.afvory/68;?>>5 < Iftz, [nalor, K. (6>5>). Zdo Afw Uedgga \oegrj. _`nvorsnty gm Ednefkg. < (<). pp 66. \otrnovoj g` Cfy 58, <864, mrgc dttps2//ednefkgu`lgu`j.uednefkg.oju/ekn/vnoweg`to`t.ekn7frtneao3658;&eg`toxt3asr 5 [naanfc Efxtg`, (lgr` e. 6:<<, Io`t, O`kaf`j‚jnoj 6:>6, Ag`jg`), tdo mnrst O`kansd prn`tor, wdg, fs f trf`saftgr f`j pulansdor, oxortoj f` ncpgrtf`t n`mauo`eo g` O`kansd antorfturo. \otrnovoj g` Cfy 58, <864, mrgc dttps2//www.lrntf``nef.egc/lngkrfpdy/ [naanfc-Efxtg` : Gm tdo N``or Zocpao, Lfrrnstor-ft-Afw, Futdgr gm tdo lggi, G` Aoknsaftnvo Oxprossng`s9 gr tdo Af`kufko gm tdo [rntto` Afw. ? Unr [naanfc Lafeistg`o, Lafeistg`o, (lgr` Buay 68, 6;<5, Ag`jg`, O`kaf`j‚jnoj Molrufry 6:, 6;48, [faan`kmgrj, Gxmgrjsdnro), Gxmgrjsdnro), O`kansd burnst, wdgso wdgso Egcco`tfrnos g` tdo Afws gm O`kaf`j, : vga. (6;=?―=>), ns tdo lost-i`gw` josernptng` gm tdo jgetrn`os gm O`kansd afw, \otrnovoj g` Cfy 58, <864, mrgc dttps2//www.lrntf``nef.eg dttps2//www.lrntf``nef.egc/lngkrfp c/lngkrfpdy/[naanfc-Laf dy/[naanfc-Lafeistg`o eistg`o = Kroftost Fcornef` rdotgrnenf` ; O`kansd pgot, `gvoanst, f`j f`tdgagknst `gtoj mgr dns egcpnaftng` gm Zdo Gxmgrj Lggi gm O`kansd ]orso 688 (6>889 rovnsoj 6>5>) f`j Zdo Gxmgrj Lggi gm Lfaafjs (6>68), \otrnovoj g` Cfy 58, <864 mrgc dttps2//www.lrntf``nef.egc/lngkrfpdy/Frtdur-Zdgcfs-Vunaaor-Egued 4 Lrntnsd oeg`gcnst f`j pdnagsgpdor9 pdnagsgpdor9 ((648=-;5) ((648=-;5) *Fssnstf`t Xrgmossgr ft Edrnst Fefjocy N`stntuto mgr Fjvf`eoj Utujnos,Lf`kfagro, N`jnf
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afycf` juo tg nts prganx wgrjn`k, enreucageutgry af`kufko wntd flsurj, n`eg`snsto`t, f`tnquo wgrjs f`j pdrfsos wdned cfios g`o loanovo tdft afwyors fro fcftours n` wrntn`k. Nt mgeusos g` tdo afei gm i`gwaojko fcg`k afwyors n` wrntn`k Aokfa O`kansd. Xrganxnty gr ao`ktdy af`kufko ns romorroj tg fs tdo cfxncf euapf > gm f afwyor. Afvory entos fs oxfcpaos, tdo Eg`stntutng` gm @ow ^gri, (Frtneao 4, Uoetng` 68), Eg`stntutng` gm Naan`gns, (Frtneao :, Uoetng` 5:), Eg`stntutng` gm Giafdgcf, (Frtneao 6, Uoetng` ;), wntd stftutos dfvn`k sn`kao so`to`eos tdft dfvo :=<, :>: f`j <5; wgrjs rospoetnvoay. Do fasg knvos tdo oxfcpao gm tdo Lnaa gm Mgroeagsuro gm f \fnawfy Cgrtkfko, wdoro tdo tdnrj pfrfkrfpd eg`tfn`s f sn`kao so`to`eo wntd 5?< wgrjs, 6= cfn` vorls f`j cf`y pdrfsos f`j eafusos9 wdnao tdo mgurtd pfrfkrfpd eg`tfn`s <=6 wgrjs. Afvory fasg fjvnsos usors gm aokfa af`kufko af`kufko tg fvgnj bfrkg`s bfrkg`s tgtfaay. tgtfaay.
Afvory ocpdfsnzos tdft tdo so`to`eo ns tdo lfsne u`nt gm oxprossng` f`j fs f ko`orfa ruao ruao so`t so`to` o`eo eoss sdgu sdguaj aj lo sdgr sdgrtt loefu loefuso so sdgr sdgrtt so`t so`to` o`eo eoss fro fro qune quneia iay y f`j f`j ofsna ofsnay y u`jorstggj tdf` ag`k so`to`eos. F so`to`eo, sdguaj eg`tfn` g`ay 6? wgrjs. Afvory fasg afco`ts tdft afwyors soajgc eg`suat krfccfr gr egcpgsntng` lggis. F`gtdor prglaoc ns tdo uso gm pfro`tdosos f`j bfrkg`s n` tdo wrntn`k, tdft do sfys, cust lo tgtfaay gcnttoj, fs fjvnsoj ly Unr Frtdur Vunaaor Egued, f mfcgus prgmossgr gm O`kansd Antor fturo fturo ft Efclrnjko.
N` tdo soeg`j pfrt Afvory tdrgukd tdo mn`jn`ks gm krfccfrnf`s gr aokfa oxports knvos sgautng`s sgautng`s tg ncprgvo ncprgvo aokfa af`kufko af`kufko.. Do oxpafn`s oxpafn`s tdo jnmmoro`e jnmmoro`eoo lotwoo` spgio` spgio` f`j f`j wrntto` af`kufko f`j nts usfko. Afvory mooas cgst gm afwyors cfy lo kggj ft spgio` af`kufko af`kufko f`j tdus jg `gt eg`snjor romorrn`k tg krfccfr krfccfr gr egcpgsntng` lggis. lggis. Afvory strossos g` tdo uso gm prgpor fjvorls, propgsntng`s, eg`bu`etng`s f`j gtdor pfrts gm spooed tg lo flao tg kot tdo sy`tfx gm f so`to`eo egrroetay. Zdo futdgr ovo` erntnenzos Borocy Lo`tdfc, tdo kroftost afw romgrcor n` O`kaf`j, wdgso wrntn`ks n` tdo afttor pfrt gm dns efroor loefco jnmmneuat tg rofj loefuso gm usn`k prganx af`kufko. Afwyors cust euatnvfto wrntn`k sinaas nrrospoetnvo gm dfvn`k kggj grftgry sinaas, f trutd tdft sgco afwyors cfy mn`j nt jnmmneuat tg feeopt. Zdoy cust u`jorstf`j tdft wrntn`k ns ox pfrto68 egcc egccu` u`ne neftn ftng` g`.. Zdoy Zdoy cust cust tfio tfio gut gut f aofm aofm mrgc mrgc tdo tdo f`en f`eno` o`tt Krooi Krooiss wdg wdg cfstoroj lgtd tdo frt gm spofin`k f`j wrntn`k, dfvn`k u`jorstggj tdft lgtd tdo sinaas fro jnstn`et, sopfrfto f`j vfrnoj ommgrts fro `oojoj tg cfstor ofed. Zdo oaoco`ts gm krfccfr cust lo ommneno`tay n`egrpgrftoj n` lgtd spofin`k f`j wrntn`k ly f afwyor, wntdgut n`juakn`k n` f`y okgnstne gr okgtnstne fttntujo, tg egccu`nefto sueeossmuaay. Zdns ns tdo rguto tg lon`k f sueeossmua afwyor.
Egcprodo`sng`2 Vuostng` 62 N` wdned so`so jgos tdo afwyor rocfn` tdo afst rosgureo gm co` f`j wgco`7
F`swor 62 A fwyors fro i`gw` tg lo cfstors gm tdonr wgrjs n`juakn`k n` qunjjntnos f`j qunaaots, n` gtdor wgrjs tdonr poeuanfrntnos (Udfiospofro). Zdoy uso f af`kufko tdft eg`musos gtdors9 tdns dfs loo` tdo sulboet gm cf`y f prgvorl. Zdoy aofr` tdns fs f pfrt gm tdonr trfn`n`k, tg lo flao tg jg tdo wgri do ns efaaoj upg` tg jg. Zdns dfs loo` f` > 68
Zdrgukd cy vory kroft mfuat gr fei`gwaojkoco`t gm dfvn`k jg`o wrg`k G`o -wfy gr g`o gm tdo n`vgavoj pfrtnos fro `gt proso`t gr `gt roproso`toj.
*Fssnstf`t Xrgmossgr ft Edrnst Fefjocy N`stntuto mgr Fjvf`eoj Utujnos,Lf`kfagro, N`jnf
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glboet gm jnseussng` fcg`k pogpao, sgco pfyn`k egcpanco`ts wdnao gtdors efstn`k fsporsng`s g` tdonr n`to`t. Afvory sfys, ‑F`j yot, `g cfttor wdft oaso cfy lo sfnj gm dnc, tdo afwyor n` dns mnoaj, ovo` fs f pdysnenf` f`j tdo prnost n` tdonrs - rocfn` tdo afst rosgureo gm gtdor co` f`j wgco`. [do` tdo wnsjgc gm egccg` co` mfnas tdoc, f`j jnsfstor strnios, wdo` tdo afycf`„s lrfn` ns gvor wgrioj tnaa dns co`tfa muso lur`s gut, wdo` tdo cgtgrefr gm —Lusn`oss„ lagws gut nts tnros f`j pnaos up n` jntedos gm n`sgavo`ey, wdo` tdo ducf` joroanet ns mn`faay tgssoj upg` tdo rgeis ly tdo t do stgrcy sofs gm anmo, tdo` t do` tdo t do afwyor a fwyor ns n s so`t mgr.–
Ft tdns stfko, tdo afwyors poeuanfrntnos fro `gt rnjneuaoj lut fro cgro tdf` woaegco. Dns lfmman`k ednef`ory ns usoj g` cyrnfj egcpaoxntnos gm ducf` wofi`oss f`j do ns efaaoj mgr tg tost gut faa dns trneis n` tdo trfjo tg lo flao tg df`jao tdo jnsfstor ft df`j. N` gtdor wgrjs, wdo` ovorytdn`k mfnas f`j wdo` tdo cfttor ns aokfa ly `fturo, nt ns f afwyor afwyor wdg wdg ns tdo afst afst rosgu rosgureo reo gm gm co` f`j f`j wgco wgco`. `. Vuostng` <2 N` wdft eg`toxt jgos tdo futdgr uso tdo wgrjs okgnsc f`j okgtnsc7
F`swor F`swor <2 Afvory fvory glsorv glsorvos os tdft tdft tdo afwyor afwyor wdg cfy spofi spofi tdo Vuoo`„s Vuoo`„s O`kansd O`kansd cued lottor tdf` dns moaagw ducf` lon`k, mfnas tg fednovo tdo sfco donkdts wdnao wrntn`k. [do` do usos dns po` rftdor tdf` dns tg`kuo, n` oxprossn`k stftuos, bujnenfa gpn`ng`s gr aokfa jgeuco`ts, tdo afwyors o`j up usn`k prganx f`j cujjy af`kufko.
Dgwovor, tg jnseuss tdns sulboet wntd f afwyor ns f so`sntnvo g`o. Nm f porsg` woro tg tofed f afwyor tdo truo styao gm wrntn`k, tdft porsg` wnaa lo cfrioj jgw` fs f okgnst gr f` frrgkf`t porsg`, f`j fjjntng`faay lo afloaaoj fs f pojf`tne profedor. fvory sfys Afvory
tdft tdft tdo tdo afwy afwyors ors efaa efaa tdonr tdonr tofedo tofedors rs wdg wdg try try tg tofe tofed d tdoc tdoc tdo tdo frt frt gm egccu`neftng`, okgnsts, loefuso tdoy dfvo f mooan`k gm suporngrnty gr tdoy fro bust okgtnsts gr soam sooiors. Zdns ns wdy tdo sulboet gm tofedn`k tdo frt gm wrntn`k tg f afwyor cust lo efrrnoj gut wntd f `neo joanefey f`j f sultao so`so gm tfet.
Vuostng` 52 [dned sgureo jgos tdo futdgr knvo mgr us tg i`gw flgut tdo antorfry styao gm tdo afwyors n` tdo Oanzflotdf` Fko7
F`swor 52 Z do Oanzflotdf` Fko (6??4-6=8 (6??4-6=85), 5), wdned romors tg Vuoo` Oanzflotd„s Oanzflotd„s mnrst ronk`, rovgautng`nzoj cf`y fspoets gm O`kansd anmo pfrtneuafray Antorfturo. Nt ns fasg i`gw` fs tdo Udfiospofrof` fko.
Zg u`jorstf`j tdo antorfry styao gm afwyors jurn`k tdo Oanzflotdf` Fko , tdo futdgr romor romorss tg [naanf [naanfc c Udfi Udfios ospo pofro fro fs tdo tdo sgur sgureo eo,, f`j f`j qugt qugtos os f jnfag jnfagku kuoo cgut cgutdo doj j ly Dfcaot tg tdo krfvo-jnkkor n` tdo Udfiospofrof` pafy Dfcaot2 [dy cfy `gt tdns lo tdo siuaa gm f afwyor7 [dg `gw lo dns qunjjntnos qunjjntnos , dns qunaaots, dns efsos, dns to`uros to`uros f`j dns trneis7
Mrgc tdns, wo ef` cfio gut tdft ovo` n` tdo Oanzflotdf` orf, tdo afwyors usoj tdonr qunri qunriss f`j f`j poeu poeuan anfrn frntno tnos, s, tdon tdonrr trnman trnman`k `k `neo `neotno tnoss f`j f`j qunl qunlla laos os (trne (trneio iory ry ly usn` usn`k k eg`musn`k wgrjs), tg oxpross tdocsoavos tg n`jnefto tdonr sdfrp`oss n` tdonr flnanty tg oxpross tdo egccf`j gvor tdonr wgrjs. Dgwovor, tdns egccu`neftng` wfs n` sued f *Fssnstf`t Xrgmossgr ft Edrnst Fefjocy N`stntuto mgr Fjvf`eoj Utujnos,Lf`kfagro, N`jnf
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cf``or tdft g`ay f mow co` eguaj u`jorstf`j nt. Ugco gm tdo afwyor„s af`kufko cfy lo eg`snjoroj ontdor pafn` rujo gr eurngus. N` gtdor wgrjs, tdo antorfry styao gm afwyors ospoenf ospoenfaay aay n` wrntn` wrntn`k k wfs eg`snjo eg`snjoroj roj egcpane egcpanefto ftoj, j, mnaaoj mnaaoj wntd wntd prganx prganxnty nty f`j cujjy cujjy af`kufko wntd tdo uso gm aokfa bfrkg`s f`j poeuanfr wgrjs tdft wfs jnmmneuat mgr f egccg` cf` tg u`jorstf`j. Vuostng` Vuostng` :2 [dned dned fro tdo twg wgrst oxfcpao oxfcpaoss gm prganx prganxnty nty n` aokfa aokfa O`kans O`kansd d pgn`toj gut ly tdo futdgr7
F`swor :2 Zdo mnrst oxfcpao ns2 Uoetng` 5: gm Frtneao : gm tdo Eg`stntutng` gm Naan`gns, wdoro f sn`kao so`to`eo dfs :>: wgrjs. Zdns so`to`eo ns eg`eor`oj wntd f egcpaox f`j jnmmneuat sulboet cfttor wdned wguaj lo dfrj tg u`jorstf`j u`aoss stftoj n` tdo sncp sncpao aost st gm torc torcs. s. Ovo` Ovo` upg` upg` rofj rofjn` n`k k nt gvor gvor f`j f`j gvor gvor fkfn fkfn`, `, nt ns jnmm jnmmne neua uatt tg u`jorstf`j tdo so`to`eo.
Zdo
soeg soeg`j `j oxfc oxfcpa paoo ns tdo tdo Eg`s Eg`stn tntu tutn tng` g` gm Giaf Giafdg dgcf cf.. Nt ns mnaa mnaaoj oj wntd wntd sued sued ag`k-wn`jo ag`k-wn`joj, j, prganx prganx so`to`eos so`to`eos eg`tfn`n`k eg`tfn`n`k mrgc mrgc 688 tg :88 :88 wgrjs. wgrjs. Lut tdo tdo g`o tdft ns rofaay ag`k ns tdo so`to`eo mgu`j n` Frtneao 6, Uoetng` ; gm tdft Eg`stntutng` wdoro tdo prgvnsng`fa eafuso ea fuso tg f so`to`eo eg`tfn`s <5; wgrjs.
Uued so`to`eos ef` `ovor lo wrntto` gr u`jorstggj ly f afycf` f`j tdoromgro cfy lo eg`snjoroj tdo wgrst oxfcpaos gm prganxnty n` aokfa O`kansd. F so`to`eo sdguaj dfvo f cfxncuc gm 6? wgrjs fs nt ns tdo lfsne u`nt gm oxprossng` f`j cust lo sncpao mgr pogpao tg u`jorstf`j. Vuostng` ?2 N` wdft wfy dfs tdo futdgr strueturoj dns pfpor7
F`swor ?2 Zdo futdgr dfs strueturoj dns pfpor n`tg twg pfrts. Zdo mnrst pfrt f`faysos tdo tdo prgl prglao aocs cs f`j f`j orrg orrgrs rs pafu pafusnl snlao ao n` aokf aokfaa O`ka O`kansd nsd fs ansto anstoj j ly cf`y cf`y aokf aokfaa f`j f`j af`kufko oxports. N` tdo soeg`j pfrt, do knvos f mow sgautng`s tg tdo prglaocs n` grjor tg cfio aokfa O`kansd sncpaor mgr tdo egccg` cf` tg u`jorstf`j. frt Xfrt
62 Xrglaoc rglaocss f`j Orr Orrgr grss n` Aokfa Aokfa Af`ku Af`kufko fko22 Afvory Afvory puts puts mgrwfrj mgrwfrj n` dns pfpor, tdo f`faysns f`faysn s jg`o ly aokfa f`j af`kufko a f`kufko oxports2
naanfc 6. [ naanfc
Efxtg` (6:>8 (6:>8), ), wdg wdg wfs wfs f` O`ka O`kansd nsd prn` prn`to torr f`j f`j f af`k af`kuf ufko ko oxpo oxport rt,, glsorvoj tdft aokfa wrntn`k wfs sued tdft g`ay f mow co` eguaj u`jorstf`j. Utftuos woro wrntto` ly eaoris wdned gmto` oclfrrfssoj Efxtg` fs tdgso afyco` fasg wf`toj Efxtg` tg wrnto sgco eurngus torcs wdned woro egcpaox mgr f afycf` tg u`jorstf`j. Efxt Efxtg` g`„s „s wrntn wrntn`k `k styao styao wfs wfs jnmm jnmmoro oro`t `t99 do wrgt wrgtoo n` sncpa sncpao, o, eaof eaofrr torc torcs. s. Do fasg fasg glsorvoj tdft tdo Fets gm Xfranfco`t tdft woro pfssoj n` tdo sovo`td yofr gm Do`ry ]NN wfs vory egcpaneftoj. Fs f` oxfcpao Afvory co`tng`s tdft tdo stftuo wrntto` tg jomn`o tdo po`faty gm f efptfn` gr sgajnor wdg gukdt tg sorvo tdo In`k n` n`to`joj wfrs lut wdg woro `gt jgn`k tdonr juty, dfj egcpaneftoj aokfa af`kufko. Zdo so`to`eo dfj cf`y egcpaneftoj pdrfsos f`j torcs anio2 ‑Lo nt tdoromgro grjfn`oj ly tdo futdgrnty gm tdns proso`t Xfranfco`t, tdft f`y efptfn`….– Efxtg` eg`eaujoj tdft tdo co` n` tdo Xfranfco`t jnj`„t tdn`i lomgro wrntn`k dgw cf`y co` wnaa lo flao tg u`jorstf`j tdns
*Fssnstf`t Xrgmossgr ft Edrnst Fefjocy N`stntuto mgr Fjvf`eoj Utujnos,Lf`kfagro, N`jnf
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in`j gm af`kufko. <. U dfiospofro sfrefstnefaay dfiospofro sfrefstnefaay glsorvos glsorvos tdrgukd tdrgukd tdo jnfagkuo jnfagkuo cgutdoj cgutdoj ly Dfcaot n` dns pafy Dfcaot 2 [dy cfy `gt tdns lo tdo siuaa gm f afwyor7 [dg `gw lo dns qunjjntnos qunjjntnos , dns qunaaots, dns efsos, dns to`uros to`uros f`j dns trneis7 Jgos Udfiospofro knvo egcpanco`ts tg tdo prgmossng` gr ns do lon`k ey`nefa9 n` mfet nt wfs n`to`joj fs f saur. Do wfs pfrtneuafray erntnefa flgut tdo afwyor„s qunjjntnos f`j qunaaots, qunaaots, dns efsos, dns to`uro to`uross f`j dns trneis, trneis, ncpayn`k ncpayn`k tdft afwyor afwyorss uso egcpaox, egcpaox, poeuanfr af`kufko bust tg o`kfko n` trneis tg egcpanefto f`j eg`muso tdo egccg` cf` f`j usos tdoc eaovoray tg mnkdt efsos mgr tdonr eano`ts. 5. [ naanfc naanfc Lafeistg`o Lafeistg`o,, wdg wfs f` O`kansd burnst jurn`k tdo 64 td eo`tury erntnenzoj tdo tdo wrntn wrntn`k `kss gm afwyo afwyors rs wdg wdg wrgt wrgtoo tdo tdo Fets Fets gm Xfran Xfranfc fco` o`t, t, wdned wdned do eg`s eg`snj njor oroj oj gvorafjo` gr tgg dofvy. Zdo afwyor„s wrntn`k styao wfs fasg erntnenzoj ly Unr Ojwfrj Egio, Egio, wdg wfs f` ocn`o`t O`kansd lfrrnstor, wdg fjjoj tdft tdoso fets woro gmto` wrntto` f`j egrroetoj egrroetoj ly co` wdg dfj `g`o gr vory anttao bujkoco`t bujkoco`t n` afw. :. Kogrko Eggjo, Eggjo, wdg wfs f coclor gm tdo n``or tocpao 66, wrgto f pfcpdaot efaaoj tdo Aoknsaftnvo Oxprossng` tdft do proso`toj n` tdo Xfranfco`t n` 64:5, wdned Afvory usoj n` dns wgri mgr tdo Naan`gns Eg`stntutng`fa Eg`vo`tng`. Eggjo tgg erntnenzoj tdo wrntn wrntn`k `k gm afwy afwyors ors efaan efaan`k `k nt flsu flsurj rj,, egcp egcpane aneft ftoj oj,, afeo afeoj j wntd wntd f`tnq f`tnquo uo wgrj wgrjss f`j f`j pdrfsos, efaan`k sued pogpao fcftours. Do afco`toj tdo gvoruso gm wgrjs anio —`ovor —`ovortdoa tdoaoss oss„, „, prgvnj prgvnjoj oj fasg„, fasg„, —nt sdfaa sdfaa f`j cfylo cfylo afwmua afwmua„, „, „ns doroly doroly futdgr futdgrnzoj nzoj,, ocpgworoj, roqunroj„, ote. Do murtdor glsorvoj tdft tdo Eg`stntutng` gm @ow ^gri, (Frt (Frtnea neaoo 4, Uoetn Uoetng` g` 68), 68), tdo tdo Eg`s Eg`stn tntu tutng tng` ` gm Naan` Naan`gn gns, s, (Frt (Frtnea neaoo :, Uoetn Uoetng` g` 5:), 5:), tdo tdo Eg`stntutng` gm Giafdgcf, (Frtneao 6, Uoetng` ;), dfj stftutos wntd sn`kao so`to`eos tdft dfj :=<, :>: f`j <5; wgrjs rospoetnvoay. Do rocfrioj tdft egcpfrftnvoay tdoro fro fatgkotdor >6 wgrjs n` tdo Zo` Egccf`jco`ts! Dns ocpdfsns f`j fjvnso tg tdo afwyors ns g` tdo usfko gm sdgrt, sncpao f`j ofsy tg u`jors tf`j tf`j so`to`eos, ovo` nm nt f aokfa jgeuco`t jgeuco`t gr f stftuo. ?. Afvory stftos tdft n` Lrf`sg`„s Naan`gns Mgrcs, tdoro ns f stftuto mgr aofso wdned dfs dfs 64 wgrj wgrj wdne wdned d egua eguaj j vory vory woaa woaa dfvo dfvo loo` loo` wrnt wrntto` to` n` 4 wgrj wgrjs! s! Uncna Uncnafr fray ay n` td Mgstor„s Mgstor„s Mojorfa Mojorfa Xrfetneo Xrfetneo (? Ojntng`), tdoro fppofrs f mgrc mgr tdo Lnaa gm Mgroeagsuro gm f \fnawfy Cgrtkfko, wdoro tdo tdnrj pfrfkrfpd eg`tfn`s f sn`kao so`to`eo wntd 5?< wgrjs, wgrjs, 6= cfn` vorls vorls f`j cf`y pdrfso pdrfsoss f`j eafusos9 eafusos9 wdnao wdnao tdo mgurtd mgurtd pfrfkrfpd pfrfkrfpd eg`tfn`s <=6 wgrjs. Zg tdns, f` Fcornef` krfccfrnf`, Kggaj Lrgw`, Lrgw` , sfnj tdft nm f afycf` afycf` woro woro tg ncntfto ncntfto tdo styao, styao, do wguaj wguaj lo joeafro joeafroj j —rnjneu —rnjneuagu agus„. s„. Afvory Afvory tdus tdus joea joeafro fross tdft tdft prga prganx nxnty nty gr tdo tdo ao`k ao`ktd td gm tdo tdo so`t so`to` o`eo eo ns tdo tdo cfxncf cfxncf euapf gm tdo tdo afwyors. =. Uuccn`k up tdo mnrst pfrt gm dns pfpor Afvory ocpdfsnzos tdft f so`to`eo lon`k tdo lfsne u`nt gm oxprossng` sdguaj `gt dfvo cgro tdf` 6? wgrjs. Do roefaas tdft Lfrrott [o`joaa wdg wdg wrgto dns mfcgus troftnso g` O`kansd egcpgsntng`, wdned wfs f` opged-cfin`k lggi, strossoj tdft afwyors sdguaj tfio efro `gt tg uso prganx af`kufko 66
Ns g`o gm tdo mgur N``s gm Egurt (prgmossng`fa fssgenftng`s mgr lfrrnstors f`j bujkos) n` Ag`jg`.
*Fssnstf`t Xrgmossgr ft Edrnst Fefjocy N`stntuto mgr Fjvf`eoj Utujnos,Lf`kfagro, N`jnf
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f`j erntnenzoj tdo fppfaan`k cf``or n` wdned aokfa O`kansd ns gmto` wrntto`. Do knvos tdo oxfcpao gm Kggaj gm Kggaj Lrgw`, Lrgw` , wdg wrgto n` dns lggi flgut In`k Do`ry ]NNN, wdg efus efusoj oj f afw afw tg lo pfssoj pfssoj ly tdo Lrntnsd Lrntnsd Xfra Xfranfc nfco` o`tt egcc egccf` f`jn jn`k `k tdft tdft O`ka O`kans nsd d Krfc Krfccf cfrr wrntt wrntto` o` ly [naanf (O`kansd nsd \o`f \o`fnss nssf` f`eo eo sedg sedgaf afrr f`j f`j eafssn eafssnef efaa [naanfc c Anay (O`ka krfccfrnf`) sdguaj lo fjgptoj f`j tfukdt ovorywdoro. Murtdor In`k Do`ry ]NNN wfs n`str n`struc uco` o`tf tfaa n` loeg loegcn cn`k `k tdo tdo ojntg ojntgrr gm In`k In`k Do`r Do`ry„s y„s Krfc Krfccf cfr, r, wdne wdned d kfn` kfn`oj oj ncco`so pgpuafrnty pgpuafrnty n` tdo jfys tg egco.
Zdo Uoeg`j Xfrt2 N` tdo soeg`j pfrt gm tdo pfpor, Afvory gmmors sukkostng`s tg tdo euro tdo naas gm aokfa O`kansd. Zdo wrntn`k gm afwyors ns eg`snjoroj jrofry lut sfys nt `ooj `gt lo sg nm prgporay proso`toj. Fs f prggm Afvory entos f` fjcnrflao lggi g` rdotgrnes f`j styao pulansdoj ly tdo Gxmgrj _`nvorsnty Xross f`j Xross f`j wrntto` ly twg co` wdg egcpnaoj tdo Gxmgrj tdo Gxmgrj O`kansd Jnetng`fry. Jnetng`fry . Zdo lggi ns efaaoj Zdo In`k„s O`kansd, O`kansd , wdned n` tdo promfeo knvos rofsg`s mgr jrofrn`oss n` wrntn`k f`j wfys tg fvgnj nt. Nt rfns rfnsos os quos quostn tng` g`ss anio anio22 —Dgw —Dgw cf`y cf`y afwy afwyor orss eg`s eg`sua uatt f lggi ggi g` krfcc rfccfr fr f`j f`j egcpgs egcpgsntng ntng`79 `79 Dgw gmto` gmto` jg tdoy stgp stgp tg eg`snj eg`snjor or quostng quostng`s `s g` sy`tfx sy`tfx gr uso gm vfrngus pfrts gm spooed7„ Ovo` tdgukd tdoso tdn`ks sgu`j fefjocne f`j sorngus, lut nm eg`snjoroj eg`snjoroj wdnao wrntn`k, wrntn`k, nt eguaj aofj tg eaofr wrntn`k wrntn`k tdft wnaa lo ofsy tg u`jorstf`j. u`jorstf`j. fvory Afvory
tnco tnco f`j f`j fkfn` fkfn` ocpd ocpdfs fsnzo nzoss tdft tdft prga prganx nxnty nty ns tdo tdo edno ednomm mfua mfuatt gm afwyo afwyors, rs, fs rocfrioj ly [olstor , wdg jomn`os prganxnty fs oxto`jn`k tg kroft ao`ktds. Do fasg f`faysos tdo rofsg`s mgr tdns wdned ns sgcotdn`k afwyors jg `gt gr wguaj rftdor `gt wf`t tg ko`orfaay rofanso gr u`jorstf`j. Zdoy fro2 (6) tdo n`doro`t egcpaoxnty gm tdo sulboet cfttor f`j (<) f` ncpoaan`k urko tgwfrjs kufrjoj f`j efutngus af`kufko. Lut, do, sfys tdft afwyors wdg fro n`toaaoetufaay n`toaaoetufaay n`toaanko`t n`toaanko`t wnaa romrfn` mrgc jgn`k sg. gm Borocy Lo`tdfc, Lo`tdfc, wdg wfs tdo kroftost romgrcor gm afw Afvory tfios tdo oxfcpao gm Borocy n` O`ka O`kaf` f`j, j, f`j f`j ns eroj erojnto ntoj j wntd wntd n`mau n`mauo` o`en en`k `k tdo tdo wrntn wrntn`k `k gm tdo tdo cgjo cgjor` r` fets fets gm Xfranfco`t. Do loefco mfcgus ly pulansdn`k tdo —Mrfkco`t g` Kgvor`co`t„ n` 6;;= f`j do eg`tn`uoj wrntn`k n` vgaucos mgr snxty yofrs u`tna dns joftd n` 645<. A fvory doro rocfris tdft Lo`tdfc tdft Lo`tdfc n`ntnfaay wrgto n` sncpao aokfa af`kufko lut fs yofrs wo`t ly f`j do krow gajor, dns wrntn`ks loefco u`rofjflao fs dns oeeo`trnentnos krow u`tna do loef loefco co u`ro u`rofj fjfla flao, o, u`aos u`aosss nt wfs wfs trf` trf`saf safto toj j ly dns dns jnsen jnsenpa paoo Jucg`t . [dft [dft dfppo`oj wntd Lo`tdfc wntd Lo`tdfc ft ft f aftor stfko ns wdft g`o soos n` cgst wrntn`ks gm afwyors. Afwyors wrnto sued ao`ktdy pnoeos tdft n`eaujo oxpaf`ftng`s tdft `ooj `gt lo tdoro n` tdo mnrst pafeo ft faa. gd` B gd`
Utufrt Utufrt Cnaa Cnaa , (Lrntns (Lrntnsd d pdnagsg pdnagsgpdo pdor, r, pgantne pgantnefa fa oeg`gc oeg`gcnst nst f`j envna envna sorvf` sorvf`t), t), f` oxport g` rdotgrnes f`j tdo frt gm wrntn`k, fasg erntnenzoj Lotdfc„s wrntn`ks tdft do o`kfkoj n`, n` tdo afttor dfam gm dns efroor. Do pfrtneuafray erntnenzoj Lo`tdfc„s erntnenzoj Lo`tdfc„s uso uso gm pfro`tdosns, sgcotdn`k do glsorvoj f afwyor ns vory mg`j gm.
X rgm. r gm.
Dnaa Dnaa gm Dfrvf Dfrvfrj rj , tdo kroftos kroftostt Fcorne Fcornef` f` rdotgr rdotgrnenf nenf` ` oxpafn oxpafn`oj `oj tdft tdft afwyor afwyorss prglflay n`juako n` nt loefuso tdo sulboet cfttor gm afw ns sg egcpaox f`j tdoromgro tdor tdoroo ns f` urko urko tg uso uso kufrj kufrjoj oj f`j f`j efut efutng ngus us af`k af`kufk ufko. o. Do ernt erntnen nenzoj zoj tdo tdo afwyo afwyors rs loefuso tdoy uso enreucageutng` rftdor tdf` strfnkdt, lau`t spooed. Dgwovor, do glsorvoj, tdft afwyors wdg fro n`toaanko`t fvgnj sued prganx af`kufko. Do efutng`oj
*Fssnstf`t Xrgmossgr ft Edrnst Fefjocy N`stntuto mgr Fjvf`eoj Utujnos,Lf`kfagro, N`jnf
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tdo afwyors gm tdns naa f`j o`egurfkoj tdoc n`stofj tg dfvo mfntd n` tdo n`toaanko`eo gm tdonr dofrors f`j rofjors. rofjors. nr U nr
Frtdur Frtdur Vunaaor Vunaaor Egued Egued,, f mfcgu mfcguss prgmos prgmossgr sgr gm O`kansd O`kansd Antorftur Antorfturoo ft Efclrn Efclrnjk jkoo _`nvorsnty, tdrgukd dns troftnso g` tdo —Frt gm [rntn`k„, efutng`oj tdo afwyors fkfn`st tdo uso gm bfrkg`s. Do afco`toj tdft nt wfs f rokuafr af`kufko usoj n` lgfrjs fergss Kgvor`co`ts, Egu`ty Egu`enas, Uy`jneftos, Egccnttoos f`j Egccorenfa Mnrcs. Do loanovoj tdft tdo twg cfn` vneos gm usn`k bfrkg`s ns tdft, mnrst nt usos enreucageutng` f`j f`j tdo tdo soeg soeg`j `j,, nt dfln dflntu tufa faay ay usos usos vfku vfkuo, o, wgga wggaay ay f`j f`j flst flstrf rfet et `gu` `gu`ss rftd rftdor or tdf` tdf` eg`eroto `gu`s. Do sukkostoj f mow pgn`ts tg tdo afwyors tdft tdoy eguaj uso tg ioop f edoei g` g` tdo usfko gm gm bfrkg`s, bfrkg`s, wdned wdned do do eftokgrnefaay eftokgrnefaay sfnj wfs wfs f egcpaoto egcpaoto @G. @G.
E gued fasg gued fasg glsorvoj tdft bust loefuso f afwyor„s spgio` flnanty ns kggj, nt `oeossfrnay jgos `gt cof` tdft dns wrntto` O`kansd ns fasg kggj. Zdns wfs afnj jgw` ly \gkot tgg, tgg, tdo mfcgus futdgr gm tdo —Zdosfurus gm O`kansd [grjs„, n` dns fjcnrflao n`trgjuetng` n` tdo lggi. Zdo f`eno`t Kroois i`ow tdo jnmmoro`eo lotwoo` tdo sinaas roqunroj mgr spofin`k f`j wrntn`k f`j i`ow tdft tdoso twg frts woro sopfrfto f`j jnstn`et. [rntn`k ns ox-pfrto ns ox-pfrto egccu`n egccu`neftng` eftng`,(g`o ,(g`o wfy egccu`neftng egccu`neftng`), `), u`anio spofin`k spofin`k wdned ns f twg wfy egccu` egccu`neft neftng` ng`.. Zdoromg Zdoromgro, ro, Afvory Afvory n`snsts n`snsts tdft tdft afwyor afwyorss cust cust euatnvf euatnvfto to wrntn` wrntn`k k sinaas nrrospoetnvo gm dfvn`k kggj grftgry sinaas, f trutd tdft sgco afwyors cfy mn`j nt jnmmneuat tg feeopt loefuso gm tdoc lon`k okgtnsts. Afvory n` pfrtneuafr sfys tdft f afwyor ef``gt fmmgrj tg spant dns n`mn`ntnvos, jf`kao dns pfrtnenpaos, sefttor dns fuxnanfry vorls f`j aofvo dns fjboetnvo f`j roaftnvo prg`gu` tg jno gut gm stfrvftng`! N` gtdor wgrj wgrjs, s, kggj kggj wrntn wrntn`k `k sinaa sinaass wdne wdned d ns f vory vory ncpg ncpgrt rtf` f`tt sina sinaaa mgr mgr f afwyo afwyor, r, ef` ef` lo euatnvftoj ly porsnsto`eo f`j ommgrts n` aofr`n`k kggj af`kufko sinaas. Cf`y ocn`o`t af`ku af`kufk fkoo f`j f`j antor antorftu fturo ro oxpo oxport rtss glsor glsorvo voj j tdft tdft lfj lfj O`ka O`kansd nsd f`j f`j lfj lfj krfc krfccf cfrr ns sgcotncos mgu`j n` kggj egcpf`y. Vuostng` Vuostng` =2 [dned dned pgn`ts pgn`ts gm krfccf krfccfrr f`j usfko jgos tdo tdo futdgr futdgr n`snst n`snst tdo afwyors wdg wrnto tdonr lrnoms gukdt tg lo pfrtneuafr flgut7
F`swor F`swor =2 Zdo afwyo afwyors rs cust cust lo pfrt pfrtneu neuaf afrr flgu flgutt tdo tdo quost quostng ng`s `s gm sy`t sy`tfx fx gr tdo tdo eg`struetng` eg`struetng` gm so`to`eos so`to`eos f`j tdo prgpor prgpor usfko gm fjvorls, fjvorls, propgsntng`s propgsntng`s,, eg`bu`etng` eg`bu`etng`s, s, pfrtnenpaos, n`mn`ntnvos, roaftnvo prg`gu`s f`j faa gtdor pfrts gm spooed. Zdoso fro cgro ncpgrtf`t tdf` pnaoj-up entftng`s gm efsos. Vuostng` ;2 [ dned edfrfetornstne mfuats gm tdo afwyors„ O`kansd dfs tdo futdgr pgn`toj gut7
F`swor ;2 Afvory pgn`ts gut tdft prganxnty ns tdo ednom edfrfetornstne mfuat gm afwyors, fs rocfrioj ly [olstor ly [olstor , f` Fcornef` aoxnegkrfpdor f`j af`kufko romgrcor fs woaa fs Xrgm. Dnaa gm Dfrvfrj , tdo kroftost Fcornef` rdotgrnenf`. Afwyors prglflay n`juako n` nt loefuso tdo sulboet cfttor gm afw ns sg egcpaox f`j tdoromgro tdoro ns f` urko tg lo uso kufrjoj f`j efutngus af`kufko. Dgwovor, afwyors wdg fro n`toaanko`t wnaa fvgnj prganx af`kufko. Zdns wfs soo` n` tdo wrntn`ks gm gm Borocy Lo`tdfc Lo`tdfc wdg wfs tdo kroftost romgrcor gm tdo O`kansd afw f`j wrgto wntd proensng` f`j agkne n` tdo mnrst dfam dfam gm dns efroor efroor lut lut n` tdo tdo afttor afttor dfam dfam do agst agst dns styao styao gm wrntn` wrntn`k k f`j n`jua n`juako koj j n` u`rofjflao prganx wrntn`k. *Fssnstf`t Xrgmossgr ft Edrnst Fefjocy N`stntuto mgr Fjvf`eoj Utujnos,Lf`kfagro, N`jnf
;
Vuostng` 42 [dy ns wrntto` O`kansd jnmmoro`t mrgc Upgio` O`kansd7
F`swor 42 [rntn`k ns ox-pfrto ns ox-pfrto egccu`neftng`, egccu`neftng`, u`anio spofin`k wdned ns f twg wfy egccu`neftng`. [dnao spofin`k, sn`eo tdo spofior f`j tdo ansto`or fro lgtd proso`t ft tdo sfco tnco, ovo` nm nt„s f dnt f`j cnss fmmfnr, tdo cof`n`k ef` lo eg`voyoj ly f kaf`e af`eo, o, f kostu osturo ro,, tg`o tg`o,, vgne vgneoo eg` eg`trga trga gr ovo` ovo` f pfuso fuso,, tdft tdft ns, ns, `g` vorlf orlfaa egccu`neftng`. Nm spgio` wgrjs fro eg`vortoj n`tg nts wrntto` mgrc, nt cfy fppofr mgreomu mgreomua, a, jnseg` jnseg``oe `oetoj, toj, roju`j roju`jf`t f`t f`j ovo` ovo` u`krfcc u`krfccftne ftnefa fa wdo` wdo` prn`to prn`toj. j. Upgio` Upgio` wgrjs fro jnmmoro`t mrgc wrntto` wgrjs fs f cf` ns mrgc dns pdgtgkrfpd9 n`jooj tdo wrntn`k ns fmtor faa lut f pneturo mgr f wgrj. N` spgio` af`kufko tdo uso gm rdotgrnes f`j grftgry sinaas jgcn`fto f`j nt ns n`stn`etnvo wdorofs wrntto` egccu`neftng`s ns dnkday frtnmnenfa, wntd `g quostng` gm n`stf`tf`ogus quostng` f`j ropay, nm ovor f jgult dfs dfs tg eaof eaofro roj. j. Upgi Upgio` o` wgrj grjs ef`` ef``g gt lo scgt scgtdo doro roj j gut ofsn ofsnay ay f`j f`j nm nt ns, ns, f eafrnmneftng` eafrnmneftng` ef` lo sgukdt sgukdt fkfn` f`j fkfn` tnaa tdo pgn`t ns cfjo.
Mgr wrntto` egccu`neftng`, ofed gm tdo wrntto` wgrj cust pfss lomgro tdo rofjor„s oyo f`j ofed cust cfio nts pgn`t gr mfna, mgr tdoro ns `g edf`eo tg sooi eafrnmneftng` gr tg edf`ko nt. Zdo futdgr sfys tdft f jgeuco`t ns f cg`kroa, wdned dfs spooed mgr nts mftdor, f`j wrntn`k mgr nts cgtdor, f`j nt oxdnlnts faa vneos, f`j `g`o gm tdo vnrtuos gm nts pfro`ts! Uued f jg f jgeuco`t euco`t wnaa lo f` uttor mfnauro ospoenfaay n` wrntn`k aokfa O`kansd. Afwyors Afwyors cust cust euatnv euatnvfto fto wrntn` wrntn`k k sinaas sinaas nrrosp nrrospoetn oetnvo vo gm dfvn`k dfvn`k kggj kggj grftgr grftgry y sinaas, sinaas, f trutd tdft sgco afwyors cfy mn`j nt jnmmneuat tg feeopt. F afwyor ef``gt fmmgrj tg spant dns n`mn`ntnvos, n`mn`ntnvos, jf`kao dns pfrtnenpaos, pfrtnenpaos, sefttor dns fuxnanfry fuxnanfry vorls f`j aofvo dns fjboetnvo fjboetnvo f`j roaftnvo prg`gu` jno gut gm stfrvftng`, wdned ns cgro stfriay vnsnlao n` wrntto` aokfa O`kansd. F afwyor wnaa tdo` mgrc f` u`n`vntn`k f`j dfrj tg po`otrfto rgws upg` rgws rgws gm lfrl lfrloj oj wnro wnro,, tf`k tf`kaoj aoj joop joop wntd wntd wooj woojs, s, wdned wdned usoj usoj tg stf`j stf`j lomg lomgro ro tdo tdo 6< gutpgsts gutpgsts gm ]orju` ]orju` . F afwyor wnaa tdus erofto f lgu`jfry wfaa lotwoo` dnc f`j tdo egccg` cf` wdgc do `oojs tg sorvo f`j pormgrc dns jutnos mgr. [naa sued f afwyor lo efaaoj mgr ly f afycf` wdo` ovorytdn`k mfnas f`j jnsfstor ns ft df`j fs f afst rosgrt7 Eortfn`ay `gt.
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