THE C.S.A.
SURVIVAL
MANUAL
Printed Spring, l9g2
INTRODU CT I
ON
"The Lord is exalted. He dwelleth on high. The fear of the Lord is His treasure." There are numerous survival books on the market today but none such as this. They te11 you about physical preparation and self-sufficiency and in so doing serve a good and useful function. But... there is more ! In telling you about financial collapse, nuclear r^rar, famine, rioEs and a host of other calamities, they do not reveal all the truth! It is simple! The planet earEh is about to become the battleground between the forces of God, led by Jesus Christ, King of Kings, Lord of Lords and the serpent, father of deceit, Satan and his seed, the satanic blood-line Jews and those who have been deceived or bought off. As survivalists, the odds are hopeless. But... as Christians, WE HAVE READ THE BOOK! WE KNOW HOW IT ENDS! Those who endure to the end shall be saved! We at C.S.A. have been called to serve Jesus, to be counted among His army, to help prepare His people. hle are not in this for money or personal gain. We are here to serve. A11 praise to our Lord Jesus Christ! A11 blessings upon Him! This manual is one of the ways that Jesus has ordained for us to raise His Standard among His people. We urge you to turn your life over to Jesus, to praise His name before all. The Christians are headed for the tribulation. days ahead are a chance to truly show our love and faith in God. Do not let rhe judgments Ehat are about to fa11 turn you against God. UndersEand that this is the cleansing process needed before the Kingdom of our Lord Jesus Christ can be established. A11 the pain, suffering and travail that is coming will vanish like dew in the noonday sun. It will vanish and be as nought in the glory of our Lord.
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This is a manual for now, in the period before the collapse of the world as r,re know it. It will help you to select the items that will help you survive. It is also a manual for after the collapse. Providing useful information on a varieEy of important topics. We urge you to prePare now. Time is short and no man can say when the last straw will break the camelrs back. While the information within is important, seek the Lord and His guidance in all things May this manual help you to Prepare, to endure, to understand. Do not despair. Do noE be afraid. The Lord Jesus Christ is with His people.
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CITY
SURVIVAL?
As instructors at the C.S.A. Survival School, we are often asked about survivat in the city. We have yet to find one major city in the U.S. worth dying in or living for. Two things are destined to happen in the coming collapse of our nat.ion: 1) Internal Warfare---This consists of racial riots, looting, and gang crime uprising. Does this sound familiar? It should; it has happened in major U.S. cities before. you can expect a 1ot more in the future. 2) Terrorism---This is the new warfare that the USSR and other Communistic countries are already trained in. The idea behind terrorism is to cause deterioration in military and civilian morale by the constant threat of bombings, kidnappings, murderings, rapes, etc. Fear is ministered by burning or physical mutilation to live captives. The only people in the U.S. that are even partly trained in anti-terrorism tactics are police SWAT (Special Weapons arid Tactics) teams. On a large scale terrorist attack, there wouldntt be a fraction of needed personnel to fill SWAT pos itions . Where are Ehese two types of revolution going to take place most of the time? The communistic belief is if you control the cities, your11 control the country; note Afghanista'n, South Africa, poland, and others, and terrorism is in the cities first. Have you ever seen a bloody, grotesque half-rotten animal or even a human body before? If not, it is enough to make you sick if you get close to it. Now, imagine this on a large scale---1etrs say half the people in your city get killed and their dead bodies are tying in the streets unburied. Sounds like a pretty bad environment to live in, doesntt it? No one likes thinking about this, for it is not. a very pleasant subject, nevertheless reality must be met tace to face.
During the rioting and terrorism, things are gocome to a stand sti11. This means affer just three days, there will be no food in the cities! Now, hunger does strange things to a personts reasoning. If you have food and another man doesntt, but he has a gun, what do you think will happen? Thatrs pretty easy to answer! Water will be a problem. There will noE be any good water. This, combined wiEh starvation and living condit.ions, will cause disease. No one will be immune to this in the cities ! Here's something else to consider. The prisons and jails are going to open and the prisoners are going to be freed! One third of all U.S. Military arms are now missing. Naturally, some of these guns are in the prisonerst hands now. No one will be safe
ing to
at all in the city. No building will left standing when the dust clears.
anywhere
Much more
be
could be said about the coming Eimes,
all of it most unpleasant. What can be done? This manual, in the following pages, will hopefully help the reader to know what to do and how to survive.
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I I
TABLE OF
CONTENTS
Chapter
Page
Int.roduction..
......1
City Survival? Firearms, Weapons, Knives :
and
Gear
....6
Food, Water, and
Personal
Home
Clothing
Defense..
....56 ......81
Naturat Survival
First-Aid
and
Nuclear Survival A Final
I
I r
i j
l^Iord.
....146 .
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...
.169
Chapter One: FIREARMS, WEAPONS, KNIVES,
AND
GEAR
FIREARMS
The liberals and communists have so far failed to prohibit private ownership of firearms in this country. While you can 1egal1y do so, v/e urge you to invest in several firearms for the family. Firearrns fa1l under two categories, defensive and hunting. Most firearms can be used in both functions, often very effectively. The following firearms are ones we recommend though there are other fine firearms not listed here. They are not the most expensive nor are they the least. The performance of the weapons we recommend is outstanding in all cases. Shotgun
For close-up shooting, the shotgun should be one of the first guns to consider for survival. Because of their versatility they can fulfil1 most needs. With small shot you can hunt any smal1 game and with buckshot or slugs, most larger animals. Number 4 buck is best for defense against people and Breneke slugs can stop a car in its tracks. Many good shotguns are produced in this country and abroad. Several can be recommended here as top choice for survival. Since its introduction in the early 1950's, over three million Remington 870ts have been made. The 870 is a rugged, dependable American-made !/eapon. It is a pump shotgun. It can be fitted with an extension tube to allow up to 10 shells (shotgun ammo is referred to as shells) at one time. Other accessories can be added to make this a formidable combat \{eapon. These include the pistol grip stock, sling, folding stock and extension clamps. We recommend a 20 inch barrel with an 8 shot extension. The very end of the barrel is where the choke is. A 20 inch barrel with a modified choke will shoot as good as a 26 inch barrel with modified choke, plus it is shorter. The Ithaca Model 37 is also a very fine pump. It has advantages as well as disadvantages when compared to the Remington 870. The Ithaca can be fired without letting off the trigger---Just pump it and hold on! A
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and
Extra Barrel
Slug Barrel
Ext.ension
Regular Stock With Barrel
With Assault Pistol Grip, New Forearm, & Barrel Extension
Slug Barrel Sling
Remington 870:
folding stock, however, will not fit on the Ithaca because of an operating rod that comes out the back. Ithaca, incidentally, manufactures a riotgun that is ready right out of the box, which has a seven shot extension. Other shotguns, in the semi-automatic style, which we prefer are the Remington 1100 and the Benelli, distributed by Heckler and Koch. By semi-automatic, it is meant to fire repeatedly by simply pulling the trigger, without individual pumping of shotgun. Each of these weapons will fire until empty of shells with each depression of the trigger, Seven shots, seven trigger pu1ls. Shotgun ammunition should be purchased in more than one variety. You will want to acquire slugs for blg game, number 7L shot for birds, number 4 buck for selfdefense, and possibly 00 buck for self-defense. Number 4 buck conEains 27 LethaL pellets and number 00 buck contains 9. Remember, the sho-tgun is a close-shot weapon. After 40 yards, it begins to lose penetration power and the pattern dispurses greatly. The shotgun, particulary a short barreled one, is ideal for heavy woodland, thick brush and defense of home. It is an ideal weapon to add to a sma1l squad of five or more men. Don't aim a shotgun---you point shoot. Point shooting is developed by practice. Using this method you point the spray of shot in the direction of the target and 1et her rip. It takes practice. Most people have a natural t.endency to shoot high. Rifles We urge you to choose from these two calibers rn that they serve as our current military rounds ---.223 or .308. The .308 is a more powerful and larger bullet. IE is both an ideal combat and snipi.ng caliber. It will also bring down most North American game animals easily. Hits can easily be made by average shooters in the 250 yard range. The .223, however, is our current military round designed to fit M-16 rifles. It is fast and sma1l.
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The Ruger Mini-I4:
With Telescoping Stock and With Regular Wood Stock With Folding Stock In Stainless Steel
30, 20, and 5
Pump
Bolt
Round Magazines shown
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at left.
IL will kill any animal up to a white-tail &er and certainly a man. It is more easily defected by grass or twigs than the .308 but is lighter and more anmo can be carried. We advise you to use soft point ammo for anti-personnel, while using military ball ammo for anti-vehicle purposes or when more penetration is desired.
In .308, there are four weapons worthy of recommendation. The first is the German manufactured, H&K 91. This is a very advanced r^reapon and yet retains a mechanical simplicity that al1ows for easy maintenance. The drawback is both price and availability of parts. The unquestioned reliability and ruggedness of this weapon make it top choice for .308. It will also function in adverse weather and when dirty. It will feed flawlessly on any conmon military or commerical ammunition and also on quality reloads. These rifles come equipped with one clip when purchased. Spares are expensivel but try to locaEe the steel clips rather than the aluminum. Also in .308, we recommend the M 1-A. This is the semi-automatic civilian version of the U.S. Army M-14. The M-14 was a truly superior battle weapon. Current models lose their warranty if any type ammunition except military ball is used. This weapon is extremety accurate. It runs near in price to the H&K 91 but surplus M-14 magazines and parts are available at much more reasonable rates.
The Remington 700 bolt action is a good :lection for hunting and for sniper work. I^/ith a good scope this rifle can be accurate up to 1000 yards. The scope you purchase should be a name brand like Vleaver, Bushnel1, Redfield or one of similar quality. Stay away from cheap scopes. The Remington 700 is the rifle our Military uses for sniping purposes. The Ruger M77 is also a very fine bolt-action weapon. Again, with a quality scope, it can be very accurate. Ruger also has an M77V which is a heavier barreled rifle---very, very accurate! The .223 weapons are 1 ighter and easier to carry than the .308 ones. If you are a smaller person they
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Heckler & Koch
91 (.308)
Armalire 180 (.223)
M1-A
( .308 )
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may be an excellent choice. The .223 rif.Les are also more affordable with parts, magazines and accessories readily availabl"e. Top of the list in our opinion is the Ruger Mini-14. This is essentially a cutdown version of the M-14. It is a fine piece of American-manufacture and will function in adverse weather and when dirty through use, such as it would experience in a firefight. An entire line of accessories that make this a combat-ready weapon are availabLe. The Ruger Mini-14 is easy to care for, breaks down simply and is a rugged and durable weapon. We
also
recommend
the Armalite AR-180. It is
more
expensive than the Ruger but it too is a strong, reliable vreapon. It is a very accurate rifle The AR-15 (civiLian model of the M-16) can also be a good choice. It can be bought in several different styles. A CAR, which is a short carbine, is available. There is also the standard model, plus one that is very rare, a heavy-barreled AR-15, If kept clean Ehese weapons are extremely reliable and durable. 223 or .308 ? There are several things to consider before choosing which caliber is more suitable for your use. There has been a battle for quite some time now as to
which caliber ( .LZZ or .308 ) is best . Both r are very good. More emphasis should be put
'i-
ibers other
, al so . or animal is killed by a good combination of rifle, cartridge, and shooter. The most important, of course, is the shooter. If the shooter cannot comfortably handle his or her rif1e, then it becomes f ac t.ors
Man
useless. The weight and size and strength
of an individual is a factor to consider. In a combat situation it often becomes necessary to carry extra anlmo. If you weigh 120 pounds, carrying 200 rounds of .308 plus rifle and other necessary gear, by the time you get to your target you would be too lrorn out to wage war.
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G=EI
scoping Stock
with rele-
H-K 91 ( ..308)
(.308 Caliber)
M1-A1
Ml Girand (30.06 Cal.)
When considering hunting purposes for a rif1e, the .223 is fine for white tail deer, but if you hunt mule deer, elk, or moose then the .308 would you have Eo go probably be better. Militarily, in more detail of use. For instance the .223, being lightweight, is more effective in the offensive mode, whereas the .308 is better for covering fire and longer distance shooting. One argument against the .223 is its speed and size at times will cause it to simply go through a man or animal, wounding them instead of killing them. The culprit, though is not the caliber used, but the fact that the .223 was military-bal1. If using the .223 caLiber against man or beast, use soft point ammo. The only time you should use military ball is when you want to achieve more penetration power, such as against a vehicle, a house or against bunker positions. The .308 will be more effective for penetration. You can also find armor piercing projectiles for the .308; you canrt for the .223. If shooting in an area where there are lots of brush, trees, shrubs, etc, the .308 will have better brush busting qualities. The heavier bullet will not deflect as easily. The .223, on the other hand, will deflect fairly easily. As mentioned earlier in this article, the .308 will shoot accurately farther. The effective range of the.308, in a good rifle, wiEh a good shooter, is about 1000 yards. The .223 under the same conditions will shoot accurately Eo 500 yards. But both of these can vary \,rith different loads, wind and weather conditions, rif1e, and shooter. The last thing to consider before spending your money Some of the on a .223 or .308 is the ballistics. because the 2 calibers ballistics are irrelevant, as and trajecsuch velocity have some similarities biggest differences bullet are t.ory. The two weights and energy. The following chart will show the differences. The bul1et weights are measured in grains and the energy is measured in foot pounds. As will be seen the .308 has more knock down povrer than the .223, and also retains more down range.
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CAL IBER
.223 .308
BULLET WEIGHT
55grns. 150grns. Y|UZZLE ENERGY
100
200---50b-vds
-
;;;--;--;;;;;7,0". 60
1330 tt/#
Zt3o f.E/#
In conclusion, the
FOOT POUNDS
2200
.223 and
good calibers. Both have advantages.
their
L7
1400fr/1bs.
the .308 are both advantages and dis-
.22 CalTber Rifles There are many qualities that make ownership of a .22 caliber weapon a desirable idea. It is the most common form of bullet manufactured in the entire world. If any ammunition at all will be available after the collapse, it r^Ii11 be the .22. There is one .22 ca1-lber rifle we recommend, which would serve in a pinch for self-defense and remov;rI of predators or hunting of smal1 game. lrle recommend the Ruger lO-22 very highly. It is accurate, rugged and American-made. It uses a 10shot rotary magazine. Extra magazines should be purchased. It can also be equipped with a 25-round banana clip type magazine. It is relatively easy to clean and care for. It is probably the most popular .22 among survivalists. Other advantages of the .22 is that it is light and the weapons that fire it seldom weigh over six pounds and some are as light as ZLa pounds. An excellent technique for using the .22 rif1-e for self-defense is for when your position is under seige, srarn the enemy that yourve got a rifle and - 16-
E}I
66
AR7
Edirion
Ruger 10-22 Sporter
Ruger 10-22 Carbine
Remington Nylon
.22'2
fire off a single .22 shoL. They will feel relatively bold against this underpowered weapon. Then when they approach you, use the shotguns and defensive semi-auto rifles. Recently a new line of ammunition has entered the market. It is the hyper-velocity hollowpoint .22. The fastest is known by the brand name It is very STINGER. MosE gun stores stock it. powerful ammunition and up to half of your .22 volume should be of this type. It is not as good for small game because it makes a large and damaging hole. .22's do not have the knock-down, penetration or accuracy of regular high velocity long rifles ' Ha.ndguns
When choosing a handgun you have two choices, revolver (wheelgun) or semi-auro. The handgun is a back-up weapon and should never be thought of as a primary weapon. The Colt Government .45, our first choice, is readily available and is an awesome manstopper. It has functioned as the U.S. Service sidearm for over 70 years. There are also copies of this .45 from Argentina and other put-togethers which with minor adjustments are of high quality. These are usually a little cheaper in price. There are also other handguns that we recommend. Heckler and Koch makes many fine pistols. The only problem is who can get extra parts. Browning and Baretta both make fine 9mm pistols also. These hold 14 (Browning) and 16 (BaretEa) shots' Both are of the highest quality. If you decide to go with 9mm, use hollow point ammunition. If you're not going to use hollow points, You need to stick with the .45 caliber. Any caliber smaller than the 9mm should be avoided, except the .22. There are .22 caliber handguns that are ideal for women or for backup pieces. These include the Ruger Mark I and the Erma Excam RX 22. Both require magazines as purchased spares.
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.45 or
9mm?
'After hearing the same o1d story about how .45ts are so much better than 9mmrs, and visa versa, CSA decided to do some tests of its own. We tried to be as open-minded as possible, since we like both calibers. To get an equal appraisal of each other, first we must consider the use of the weapon. In this case, it is as a defensive weapon, not as a Earget pistol. Therefore, this article wontt concern itself with superior accuracy, but of effectiveness against flesh. We were able to best simulate flesh by taking magazines and soaking them in water, making sure the water penetrated between all of the pages. After awhile they fluffed up. We ended up with about 14 inches of spongy, flesh-like material. We used a 1911 Colt Military model .45 and one of equal quality, the Browning Hipower 9mm. hle then tested 3 basic types of ammunition: lead hollow point, and Military Ba11. Most pistol fights occur between 5-25 feet, so the tests were stepped off for 20 feet. Here is the result of the tests: Lead
.45
9mm
hreight
230 grains
115 gr.
Velocity
850 fps 370 pounds 7 inches
1155 fps
341 lbs. 10 inches
None
None
Energy
Penetration Expans ion
Hollow PoinE .45
9mm
Weight
185 gr.
115 gr.
Velocity
1000 fps
1165 fps
Energy
370 lbs.
349 lbs.
Penetration Expans ion
6 3/4 in.
7\ in.
Very smal1
Very large
_ 19_
The Colt Government .45
Astra
9mm
_,)
n-
Mil.itary Ball .4s
9.**
Penetration
230 gr. 850 fps 370 lbs. 62 inches
345 lbs. 8 inches
Expansion
None
None
Weight
Velocity Energy
L23 gr. 1120 fps
Conclusions: As you can see in the lead bullet, neither caliber has an advantage over the o; ther---the .45 has only 29 pounds more knock-down power than the 9mm. The 9mm has 3 inches more penetration, however. In the Hollow Point, although the .45 had more knock down, the 9mm mushroomed very large (5/8"), making a very impressive wound cavity. In the Military Ball category, neither caliber has much of an advantage. Therefore although both calibers with the right ammo can be very effective in combat situations, the 9mm is very impressive in its tests. BoEh calibers have been in service for quite some time--the .45 since 1905 and the 9mm since 1902. Both have been proven and proven again. The 9mm allows you to carry more ammo in your magazine; the Hipower carries 14, the Baretta carries 16, and the Heckler and Koch has one that holds an enormous 18 rounds. .45 ammo and brass seems a 1itt1e easier to find. They both have their ups and downs, but it is seen that the 9mm deserves its fair share of credi t
.
Fu11y Au.tolnatics
Concerning fully automatic r{reapons, we discourage the use of them in the hands of an untrained shooter. Because of ammunition loss due to ineffective firing and the fact that often times the use of t'machine gunst' tends to make the inexperienced
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survivalist not learn how to shoot semi-automatic (and thereby making each shot count), we advise that only if you are willing to spend a lot of ammo novr, in order to practice and therefore get acquainted with your r^reapon, should you even consider fully automatics. Even then, in purchasing the weapon, make sure that it has "selective firer" enabling you to shoot ful1y-auto or semi-auto. In certain situations the ful1y automatic can come in very handy in the hands of one who is knowledgable. In other events, it is often over-dramatized on Ehe screen. If you do desire the selective-fire weapons, then contact a reputable gun dealer concerning state and federal regulations first, and purchase a v/eapon where parts are easily accessible.
rifle,
recommend the M-16 and M-14 in the assault and the MAC-10 Ingram or the Israeli UZI in
Ammuni
tion
I^Je
sub-machine gun classifications.
Purchase 1000-2000 rounds of ammunition for each owned. Do not leave your clips or magazines to your weapons loaded for more than two weeks, without some rest given to the magazine springs. The solution to the loaded magazine problem is to own
weapon
spares. We recommend six to eight per weapon. Load four and alternate every two weeks. The pump shotgun should be kept loaded but an extra magazine spring should be rotated every two weeks. Remember, the only way you will ever be proficient withyour\deapon is to practice. Therefore, much ammunition is required. When sEoring ammunition it is best kept in a cool dry area and if in quantity use surplus G.I. ammo boxes or other airtight containers. Do not store gun oil or gun cleaning solvents in the same area as your ammunition. Gun powder, primers and loaded ammunition have a very long shelf life if stored properly. Avoid high heat, high humidity and direct exposure to sunlight for your ammo also. -22-
that if possible you do not buy cheap ammunition, except as practice shots. Budget ammo is no bargain if it fails to shoot or it has less power. I.Ie also urge you to investigate reloading. We cannot cover this subject in the scope of this article, buE many books are available on the subject. We suggest
Cleaning Your
Gun
The most important thing about firearm care is how often you care about your firearm. Many firearms have been scarred by rust, most usually to someonets embarrasement, due to neglect. The following are a few things that might help you take care of your guns.
First of all, just because you dontt use your gun very often does not mean that you do not. have to clean it very often. You should check on your firearms at least once a week when not used, even if you have it in a gun case. If you use your firearm you should give it a thorough cleaning after each use plus one checkup a week. If your gun is used excessively you should check it every day and clean it when necessary. Itrs better to overdo it than to find a piece of rust that used to be your pistol or rifle. If you live in a place where the humidity is high you will have to clean your firearms more oft.en Ehan if you live in a dry climate. Also certain seasons of the year are more humid than others. If you live on the coast you will have to clean your weapon more. When you come home from hunting and you bring your rifle into a rdarm house out of the co1d, it will sweat. Or when you use it on foggy mornings it r^rill collect moisture. Other things besides moisture can also be bad for a firearm, such as dirt and sand. One mistake most people always make is to over oil their gun. If a little oil is good, then a lot is better. Right? Wrong! Why? Because oil acts as a magnet to attract gritty things like dirt. This can cause more wear than you will gain from lubrication. Itrs -23-
better to use it dry than over-oiled. Another thing is if you use any old ammunition, it might have corrosive primers. If so you must clean your pistol or rifle with extra effort to make sure you clean each part that comes in contact with powder blast. If you don't your11 wind up with pits in your metal. Now that we've gone over things that can hurt your firearms, let I s talk on some preventive measures. If storing a gun for a prolonged period of time, use a heavy grade oil and store in plastic. You can also geE moisture packs from gun dealers Eo put in with guns. These absorb any moisEure in the container. When you take the gun out, take the oil off. When you clean your firearm brush the bore with solvent. Kerosene makes an excellent solvent and best of all itts cheaper. Oil the gun and clean all contact areas real good (contact area is where metal slides against metal). Take oi1 off with a re.g (use the same rag over and over---this will a1low If you 1ike, use a a very slight film of oil). little lube on contact area but not much. Remember always, an ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure. Keep your gun clean.
Sight
Picture
-24-
RIFLEMANSHIP Too often this essential ski1l is overlooked, taken for granted, or deemed. unimportant. However, if this lesson is learned first, a Christian warrior can be used effectively in defense of his people. By being taught correctly, he can be an effective part of the defense team. STOCK WELD---Cheek should be locked against stock of rrf1e. rffiaesirab1ep1aceandconcentrateonputtingyour cheek back in the same place every time. TRIGGER SQUEEZE---Very importanE in accurate aiming. Squeeze should be deliberate and uniform. Tip of index finger should be used. This tends to isolate trigger motion from grip reaction and rifle moEion. Squeeze should be at a rate that as the sights of the gun rest on target, the squeeze sEarts, and if sights vary, squeeze should be held in that position and continued when sights align.
be concentraLed on and practiced co*es natural. As sights are placed on target you ""tIT-lJ should take a medium deep breath, letEing it out normal1y. Take another breath, this Eime normal, and let it out s1owly about half way as you sEeady your sights. If you canrt get your shot off before you get uncomfortable, Iet. breath ouE and start over. GRIP OF RIGHT IIAM---Right hand grasps the rifle stock directTrigger finger is placed on trigger so @ that. finger does not touch side of receiver. Wrap remaining fingers firmly around rifle stock. A firm rearward pressure must be exerEed by right hand to keep butt of stock in its proper position in the pocket of shoulder. GRIP OF LEFT HAND---Rifle should rest in "V" formed by thumb left hand, and lie across heel of hand. Grip @ on handguard should be relaxed, but at the same time, slight rearvrard pressure exerted. Left hand and wrisE should be relaxed with fingers curled naturally around upper handguard. Left elbow should be directly under weapon receiver. BREATH CONTROL---Should
CORRECT SIGHT ALIGNMENT---Must include rear sight, front their proper relationship known ffiin as sight picEure. This is obtained when sighEs are perfectly aligned and the Earget is in the correct relaEionship to front sight post. RIFLE BUTT POSITION---P1ace butt of sEock firmly into pockeE placemenE lessens ef fect of recoil, @Proper helps steady rdeapon and prevents butt from riding up on
shoutder.
AE - L)'
PRONE POSITION
Half face to the right of the target, then lie at an angle of 45o to right of target. Left elbow should be on the ground under rifle. Right elbow should be sloped out more than the left. Let the forearm rest all the way down in the palm. The sling loop should be tight. Legs should be wide apart, close Eo the ground, feet turned outward, inside of shoes on the ground.
KNEELING
POS
ITION
Face 45o to target, sit on right heel with body weight,
or you can sit on the side of your right foot. Left knee should poinE toward target with left elbow resting on or a little in front of the knee cap. Right elbow should be parLllel to ground or as close as possible, and sti11 be comfortable. Lean a litEle forward to get a good balance. s|
STANDING POSITION Face 80o to target with feet 12-18" apart. Left elbow should be directly under sEock. Right elbow held
high or a little lower, if it is steadier. Hold rifle medium hard to shoulder wirh right hand. Index finger of right hand should not have any pressure on it. rip of index finger is used in trigger pull, thus when squeezed it rvi11 not disturb aim.
ASSAULT POSITION
usually slung on long sling. Hold down on front of \,reapon to prevent muzzle rise from rapid fire. This position is for close range fast assault on1y. It takes practice to achieve effective
Weapon
accuracy.
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SITTING POSITION Sling, arms, hands, and rifle are in same relative position when shooting prone. Half-face target and sit down 45o to target. Rest elbows on knees, left elbow and knee almost under rifle.
I,Iilitarv Fieldcraft Propping up---The sturdier the foundation and support of the weapon, the more accurate the shot' Weapon supports and techniques are as varied as the ,..porr" themselves, National types and styles, terrain types and conditions, and individual tastes' This flttrte" several different ways---mechanical, non-mechanical, and impovised---to support a weaPon for different needs.
Right-side hand support with weapon resting between first finger and thumb, with fingers and palm on the object used to support against.
Left-side hand support with \^Teapon resting on fingers with thumb and mai.n part of palm supported on the tree . building, etc . -28-
Improvised tripod for shooting long distances in high gras s .
Shooting sticks can be made and used for
shooting in a sitting position.
fr
shooting from a bench or shooting table, you should have both elbows on the table wirh the stock of the gun supported on sandbags, blankets, etc. When
SHOOTING THE PISTOL
The pistol should act as an extension of the arm, or more exactly, the barrel, an extension of the index finger. Hold the pistol in your non-firing hand and form a ttvtt with the thumb and forefinger of the shooting hand. Place the pistol in the "V" with the sights in line with your firing arm. IJrap the lower three fingers of your gun hand around the grip, putting equal pressure with all three fingers straight to the rear. Place the thumb of the gun hand along side the pistol without applying any pressure. Place the second joint (or the first) of the index finger of the non-firing hand on the front of the Erigger guard and bring the remaining three fingers around to cover the slits between the fingers of the firing hand. Then pushing with Ehe firing arm and pulling with the non-firing arm brings a good tight, stable
crip.
Grip---Right Side View
Grip---Top View
-30-
THE
STANCE
A good stance for the pistol is achieved by placing your feet a comfortable distance apart with the left one 4-5" slightly forward of the right. Bend your knees slightly forward to keep fromr getting off balanced from the recoiL of the weaPon.
This grip can be used in a kneeling prone position 419o. Remember! Always use support if possibLe.
-3 1-
or a
a
SHOOTING
AT ACUTE
ANGLES
When shooting at a target that is above or below the shooter, the shooter must aim low to compensate for the effect Ehat Ehe steep angle has on the bullet trajectory. The acuteness of the angle doesnrt physically affect the pqrformance of the bulleE nearly as much as it affects the combination of the line of sight (tos), tine of departure (l,oD), and the bulleE trajectory or bullet drop which is always measured by a vertical line. Figure one illustraEes what happens when a rifle is fired at a target at a certain range on a flat plane. Line of departure is the center line of the bore of the rifle which is elevated to account for the drop of the bullet for this given range. Bullet trajectory is the path the bullet takes as it drops from the line of departure. Line of sight is the view you have of the targeE thru the rifle's sights. Now, when Ehe rifle is sighted in to impact the target at this given distance, the line of departure was raised enough Eo cause the bullet trajectory to cross the line of sight at the target point. The bullet has now dropped, from gravitational forces and wind drag, a certain amount. For ease of explanation wetre going to measure the actual distance involved in the drawings. The bullet has now dropped Ll4 of an inch. Looking at figure 2, the rifle is aimed at a target the same distance away but at a 45o angle downhill. This means the line of departure is srill the same because the sight setEing hasnr t been changed. The bullet itself isn't affected much so the trajectory hasn'E changed. What has changed is the amounE of true bullet drop is always in a vertical 1ine, not necessarily a perpendicular one to the line of sight. So measuring from the line of departure down vertically Ehe same amount as'the bullet drop on the flat range will give us the correct bullet trajectory which will be well above Ehe line of sight. The bullet
-32-
will also be affected in the same manner at a target 45o above instead of below. In figure 3 there is a table that contains approximate distances, measured in inches, that the bullet will hit above the desired point of impact. These are figured for the .223 and the .308 cartridges .
Fig
I T
LOD 1
Lr
\luzzLe
A
a
/
Los
True Bul1et Drop (Ver-
Bu11et
l,luzzle
ticle)
Trajectory
Target
_L-
\
Figure
2
LOD
Bu 11e
t
Traj ec to
True Bullet Drop
(Verticle) Scale
Bul1et Shoots Hig by This Much (Figgre 3): Dggreg .of Angle
200. yardg .
+or-25o 450 600
?_23
400 yde
.223 3.59
. 308
.73 " .gg"
2.3" 3.9"
3.07 5
.25
4.57
Lr.2s t4z 79
Amounts shown is how high in inches each will shoot above its aiming point.
-33-
.308
.2
24.3
caliber
The Knife---Selection and Use There are basically three types of knives and numerous styles within these three main catagories. We will examine each, advise on selection and then discuss
the use of a knife. Utility knives are usually single edged. They may be used as a lreaPon also but are better able to perform the function of a tool than a weapon. Blade length of a knife is an important factor in selection' While a combat blade might be desirable in a longer length, a utility knife is more useful if the blade tengttr is six inches or under. The attitude that bigger is better is noE always true, especially in knives. A three to five inch blade with a single edge is an ideal skinning knife. One of the two most popular knives purchased by survival minded individuals is the USI'IC combat knife by Cammilus Cutlery. OEher fine single edge knives are the Benchmark ArgonauE, the Gerber X-400 drop point hunting knife. In a pinch, a good piece of kitchen cutlery can be carried as a belt knife. Self-defense of fighting knives are characterized by one primary characteristic--the majority are double edged. A double-edged knife is designed for kil1ing. If you beli6ve you will use your knife as a weapon, we suggest you select a double-edged blade. The most popular knife of this Eype is undoubtedly the Gerber l'lark II. This knife is in the fifty dollar range and is an extremely fine piece of American cutlery. Other double-edged knives thaE we can recommend are the Gerber Mark I, the Gerber Guardian series, and the various copies of Ehese knives. There are many varieties of the double-edged knife. If you can afford the Gerber go with it. If you carry the double-edge blade, we suggest you also purchase and carry a folding knife. The folding knife will serve the utility function. There are a large number of fine folders available in both commercial and military models- The favorite choice at C.S.A. is the Victorinox Trooper model. To use a knife, You must know your target areas and how to hold your weapon. Discount anything you have seen in the movies. -34-
I
I
l,
Fighting Grip for a Double-Edged Knife
I
o,
UJ
I
Holding GriP
Knife---
Single-Edged
Target areas are as follows: Attack the fingers first. Repeat, attack the fingers first! They are the most accessible. Remember this principle. The shortest distance between tr^ro points is a straight line. There are two basic methods to attack with a knife---thrust or slash. A slash is circular, therefore the aim covers more distance to attack. Thrust at the fingers. Rernember these two principles if you must use your knife as a r.reapon. Let your opponent make the first mistake. When you cut himrattack andcontinue to attack until you win! Secondly, when a person sees his own blood, he has a tendency to stop, even if only for an instant. It is at that time you go tor the lethal targets. These are stomach, throat, groin, eyes, or chest. From the rear, thrust into the kidney area or reaching over with nonvreapon bearing hand clasp the thumb and index finger over the nostrils while the palm covers the mouth. Reach over and slit the throat while pulling the head back. The previous photos show the correct grip for a single-edge knife and the correct grip for holding a
double-edged b1ade. To hold a folding knife, use the pictured grip. The reason being this will insure that the knife does not close on your fingers. The knife is held at the side in an inconspicuous manner and then used to slash. A knife fighting stance can be achieved by standing with the feet shoulder width and the knife extended from the body. One foot is forward. The heel of the front foot is approximately six inches forward of the rear foot toes. The front knee is bent and the rear knee is slightly bent.
-37-
-8e
-
)irBllv asr]drns ro1 rrrearog aqt puTqag aJTu) Surplog Sutleacuo3
I
(,
I
\o
Fighting GriP
Folding Knife
Examples of Survival Knifes
That
Can
Be Used
-40-
Front View
From the S ide
Stance for Kni fe !'i gh t ing
The Correct
llow to get killed in a knife fight (or, How not to
Fight rvi[tr a knife in a knife fight) The position on rop would simply get you a stomach wound. The position below would cause you to get slashcd in the hand. Either way is wrong!
A
.72J 'G;'
'1
ilE
-er-
AUJNf,S
V
TNO CN])VJ
-rr-
EQUIPMENT
t'In the final choice a soldierts pack is not so.heavy a burden as a prisonerts chains." Equipment usually consists of a rifle, a pistol and holster, knife and sheath, pistol belt, suspenders, magazine or ammo pouches (for rifle and pistol), canteen, fanny pack, field pack, sleeping bag, pouncho, mess kit, rireapon cleaning gear. Part of the reason for inctuding \^reapons of different sorts is because you can never te1l what you'11 find in vacant houses, old stores, or in the hands of the enemy. If one has a basic idea of whatrs good, he might bring back, for example, an HK91 instead of a bolt action .22.
Canteen--
--Would prefer stainless steel or aluminum. Plastic is for Ehe jungle and cannot be thawed on an open fire.
Shelter Half-----
Greens---
Camouflage--------
---A shelter half is half of a button up or snap up puptent. Your tent buddy carries the other half. --This needs to be army greens or fatigues, wittr button dowrr or velcro closures on the pockets. These can be purchased cheap at any Army surplus. If possible all clothing should match those of your brothers | . --These can be purchased at any Army Surplus. For winter, it should be brown, green and light brown. For sunrmer, it should be green type or tiger
tripe . --Any black army type high boots. They should be high enough to tuck in. Also, to avoid torn pants and insects. s
Boots---I
I
J
_45_
\Toator aDpeafance.
MILITARY DRESS AND EQUIPMENl
Pistol BelE-----
----G.I.
(fnis is a primary need)
Suspenders---------=--------Preferably nylon carrying weight.
C
1ip Pouch--l-
Fanny Pack--
It aids in
------Should be suitable to the clips or ammo of your weaPon.
-----This is oprional. It can carry food, ammo, pouncho, blankets, and miscellaneous gear.
Kni
'-------This should be a combat type survival knife.
-46-
E)(AUPLE OF EABNEgS sEIUP
Suspcndere
Atrmo. Pouoh
or oltp \
o11p
P1stol-
Eolster\ theath
)/
Platol cl1p
Pletol Belt
Pouch
children of Israel \4rent up harnessed out of the land of Egypt. (Exodus
led
the people about'
BuE God
through the
waY
of the wilderness of the Red
13:18)
Sea: and the
-47-
Head
Gear----
----Caps, Berets, Jungle
hats, etc. These shoul,d be approprtate to the rest of your gear, terraln, and
reather.
Fleld Pack----
----Would prefer elther Allce packr recon packr or 1945 army Pack'
-48-
INDIVIDUAL SURVIVAL KIT
This small kit is designed to be carried on your person, either in a buEt pack or an accessory pouch. Not all items listed need to be carried. Select what you feel you will use most often. Aluminum foil is a must. It has numerous uses, heat reflector, cooking rrrap, can be fashioned into a dish or cup or bowl. Molefoam for blisters is also of primary importance. Individual Survival Kit Waterproof Mat,ches Magnesium
Firestarter
Compass
Small wire Rope
Molefoam
Disposable Lighter Tweezers
Jack Knife Dental F10ss
lst Aid Cream
Emergency BLanket
Fishing Line & Hooks Sinkers & Other Fishing Items Safety Pins Tape
Snake Bite Band-Aids
Kit
Aspirins Needle & Thread Magnifying Gtass Lens Candle
Iodine Crystals
& Dropper Jar (water purification) Nylon String
-49-
The
Individual Survival Kit
-50-
CAR SURVIVAL KIT
We suggest that you carry this kit in the trunk with the basic components, food, clothing, pistol and some of the other items packaged in an alice pack (military surplus) or a commercial pack. Wrap the pack in a plastic garbage bag to keep it dust free. Do the same with your other items. There are several considerations to take into accounr when preparing a kit for your car. They are heat and cold. A car trunk can reach searing temperatures. The medicinal components of a FirsFAid Kit can deteriorate or lose potency. Storage food will age more rapidly. Candles, carried for their fire--starting and light-giving qualities can melt and turn a survival kit into a rrax coated mess. A trunk can get hot enough to warp plastic. Cold on the oEher hand can also destroy medicines. [,Iater containers can burst. Do not fill them compleEely. Make sure your kit will provide you with warmth Eo fit the season. We suggest that you purchase a stainless steel cant.een. It. can be heated up. Aluminum is a suspect metal and anyEhing acid will be tarnished. Plastic canteens cannot be heated. Stainless canteens can still be found in some military surplus stores. Changes from cold to warmth can cause moisture to condense on metal. Metal will rust when wet, even stainless steel. This can prove fatal on a gun. If you keep your kit in the trunk, preventive maintenance is a must. A light coating of oil will be helpful buE don't swamp your weaPon.
Car Survival Kit Bible Seasonal Clothing Bush Hat
Boots/Extra Socks 7 Days of Food (freeze dried or dehydrated) Portable Water Purifier Blanket or Sleeping Bag -5 1-
Rain Suit or Poncho Spare Blanket Work Gloves
First-Aid Kit Cook Stove & Fuel
Insect Repellent Spare Collapsible Water Container
Water Canteen & Pouch
Belt Hatchet or Hudson Bay Axe Fighting rnife/Folding Knife Small Pry Bar Tool Kit with uails Tarp or Tent
Webb
Cooking
Kit
Toilet
Paper
Collapsible Army Shovel .22 Callber Rifle or Larger Caliber
500 Rounds
of
Ammo
.45 Colt Pistol
200 Rounds Ammo Road Maps & Topographical Maps
Tools to work on Vehicle
that the above do not necessarily have Eo be kept in Ehe vehicle at all times. However, you need to have them together in your carPort or gatage where you could put them in the car or truck quickl-y in an emergency. Always have a full tank of gas. Note
-52-
TOOLS
A basic tool kit is an absolute necessity. In the days to come you may have to provide your own maintenance repair and construction. This prospect may not appeal to many but with prayer, patience, the proper tools and a general outline of the project at hand you will not. only be surprised but pleased with what can be accomp-
lished.
Take care of your Eools, hang them up, do not leave them exposed to the elemenEs. This is true wiEh all your equipment. Once the collapse comes, replacements will be much harder to obtain, if they are obtainable
at all. A light coating of oil is advisable bur if this is done make sure that you wipe them before use to assure sure grip and sure contact with working surface. Obvious precautions to take when using tools include safety glasses. Removing jewelri, women should wear hair tied back. Another idea to consider is selection of name brand tools. Bargain tools are not a bargain if they break or destroy the project you are working on. Power tools will not. be discussed in this section. It is more than likely that there will be power outages or complete breakdowns in the electrical grid according to your local. In that case power tools will be useless. Tool Check List 1. Steel Tape Ruler-- retractable with belt clip 2. Carpenterrs Level 3. Steel Square 4. Awl--starting ho1es, marking 5. CenEer Punch--indents metal to start screw holes 6. C-Clamps--2 sets large and small 7. Crosscut Saw--24 or 26 inches long. 8. Hacksaw--cuts metal 9. Utility Scissors 10. Glass Cutter 11. Tin Snipes 12. Retracrable Uriliry Knife 13. Wire Stripper 14. Cold Chisel 15. Flat Head Screwdrivers--several sizes and lengths 16. Phillips Screwdrivers--several sizes and lengt.hs L7. Spiral Ratchet Screwdriver--multip1e tips -5
3-
18. Curved Claw Hammer 19. Nail Set 20. Ball Peen Hammer 21. Tack Hammer * 22. Adjustable Wrenches 23. Pipe Wrench 24. Hex Wrench Set 25. Socket & Ratchet Wrench Set ;, 26. Slip Joint Pliers 't 27 . Needle or Long Nose Pliers 28. Locking Grip Pliers 29. 14 in. Jack Plane 30. Rasp 'k 31. Round File 32. Half-Round File 33. File Card-cleans file 34. Sand Paper, various grits ?k 35. Pry Bar 'k 36. Putty Knife & Putty 37. Pointy Trowel 38. Oil Can & Medium Oil 39. Oil Can & Light Machine Oil ?k 40. Staple Gun & Extra Staples 'k 41. Jewelers Screwdriver "n 42. Large Selection Various Screws ,k 43. Common Nails- 20D- 10D- 8D- 6D Tacks, Brads, Large Assortment of Roofing Nails & Finishing Nai1s. ,', 44. Hand Driven Drill and Bits 45. Shelving Brackets The list above is fairly comprehensive. An asterisk designates the highest priority items. A selection of repair and maintenance books we reoornmend appears in the bibliography. It is also an excellent idea to have some wood for repair. Scrap wood can be found for free from many sources. Good tools can often be found at garage or estate sa1es. Keep nails and screws in waterproof containers such as glass jars or coffee cans with plastic
?k
1ids.
*5/+-
- {\*n The Crossbow: The Silent l,Ieapon. Shown here is the
viith a Barnett prod, 120/A pull. The four bolts pictured here include the fiberglass and cedar target practice bolts with plastic fletching, and the target-tip and broadhead-tip long hunting bolts with plastic fletching. Regular feathered fletching will tear off on the more powerful crossbows. Shots should not be attempted with any accuracy over 50 yards.
Wham-O Crossbow
-5 5-
Chapter Two: FOOD, WATER, AND CLOTHING
-55-
FOOD
IE took three rough years for the pilgrims to self-sufficient. In the event of a national collapse this bodes tremendous i1l for our people. The pilgrims came from an agrarian society, one in which a high percentage of the population \^ras engaged in farming. Today, the balance is way ouf of 1ine. One American feeds ten in an overly sophisticated system relying on petroleum-based chemicals and transportation. The thinking Christian can no longer take his food supply for granted. There are some good reasons to store food. Mbst of us are not able to grow our own food year round. In the event of a national or regional emergency, a supermarket can be a very lethal place to be. This is a land where people will shoot one another while standing in an hour long gasoline 1ine. Can you envision the pandemonium during a food store riot? It is likely food rationing will visir the United States as the Satanic elite who seek to dominate the world tightens the noose. become
Food
-Stor.age
There are several ways to go about the process of obtaining storage food for you and your family. The easiest is to purchase a storage food unit from one of several reliable companies. However, this route is also the most expensive. The following companies are good people to do business with and are Christian companies. Write for their list. Arrow Head Mi1ls Inc. The Simpler Life P.O. Box 866 Hereford, Tx. 79045 and/or Neo-Life Company of America 25000 Industrial Blvd. Hayward, Cal, 94545 -51
-
This is a fast way to get properly-packed longlife quality foods. They have both staples such as beans, peas, grains, and also important items like protein supplements. Also available are various freeze dried items which will add variery. Egergency or Escap.e Foods Each member of the family should have a prepacked, accessible survival kit. Read the survival kit section for suggestion of contents. The crucial component of any kit is water, then food. Nutrition is Ehe key to survival. Using that principle, the ideal foods for a survival kit are the ones that provide maximum nutrition, less bu1k, light-weight and easy preparation. Items fitting this criteria are few and far between. ProEein supplements are one of the items. They can provide all the nutrients your body needs to run on in a complete, easy to carry, easy to measure, easy to prepare package. They are exPensive but each member of the family should have a pound of protein supplement in Eheir kit. Protein supplement and water make a complete meal. If a vitamin and mineral supplement is added, an ideal emergency food source is found that is easy to carry. The Neo-Life Company has a product cal1ed Super-base that is exceptional. A new product to fit this criteria is a health food supplement known as Spirulina Plankton. It is bland tasting, expensive and also just about the most compact easily digestible source of protein known to man. It can be found at various health food stores. Eight ounces will sustain for a week. This is not to say that you wouldntt shed a few pounds but you would be able to work, to walk, and to fight. Other foods rich in protein and concentrated include tofu, soybeans (toasted) and soybean Puree. Water packed can goods are the last thing you want to lug around when you must move fast! Supplement the above with bags of rice, lentils,
oatmeal and seasonings.
-58-
Home Food Storage
The ideal plan for home storage involves both food on hand and long term storage of grains and other staples. In an emergency it is always expedient to consume the foods in refrigerator and freezer first. In this way perishables will not be wasted. Food in a freezer will stay frozen for up to three days. The following is a list of foods that have been known as a sole food source for an extended period of time in emergencies or as food that fueled various armies: Lentils, dried peas and split peas, rice, dried beans, corn and wheat. These are listed in their order of nutritional vatue. It is possible to combine differenL vegetable products to produce a better quality protein. Examples are beans and rice or corn and beans, split peas and wheat.
Wheat, powdered milk, honey and salE were once considered the onJ.y four requirements for a survival storage plan but even combined they are lacking in protein. However, wheaL and powdered milk may make up the bulk of your food storage if supplemented with other foods or protein concentrates. Salt should be thought of as a condir;'ent only. 5 lbs. per person per year. Honey also is important. It is safer than sugar and also more concentrated as a shreetener. 50 lbs. per person per year. Should stored honey crystaLize it can be restored to liquid by placing the container in a pan of warm rf,ater for a period of time.
It is advisable to
daEe
all
packages, cans or
other food containers. You should rotate your foods so that the oldest are used first. This will insure that food does not lraste and also enhance the nutrition of your foodThe following chart provides an ideal list of foods to be stored for a orr" y"", period: -59-
I
I
o
o\
beans, peas, soy beans, lentils, etc.
25
90
Variety of grains, rice, oats, corn, barley, millet, etc.
Variety of dried
25
30
Vegetable shortening and salad oils
20
75
heck
5
30
65
200
Vitamin supplements
5
45
Sugar and/or honey
Salt
85
300
Male Fem.
ADULTS
Nonfat dried milk
Wheat
ITEM
FOOD STORAGE
5
20
6
55.
25
r0
45
20
20
65
20
for
5
25
r00
160
r00 r00
7-S
4-6
ith yot rr phys: ician
5
15
r00
70
l-3
CHILDREN
5
30
r00
220
Girl
26
85
30
25
90
30
5
30
100
200
Girl
35
r15
40
25
85
45
140
45
5
50
r00
335
Boy
16-20 yrs.
storage item
5
40
r00
280
Boy
l3-15 yrs
advice on th
5
30
100
2r0
lo-12
TEENAGERS
QUANTITY IN POUNDS REQUTRED }'OR EACH FAMILY MEMBER (Rounded to nearest 5 lbs,)
AMOUNT NEEDED FOR FAMILY
T0TAL
PRIMARY PRIORITTBASIC FOOD STORAGE PLAN FOR ONE YEAR
I
H
o\
I
Water (emergency use only)
canned meats
Variety of
powdered eggs, etc.
flakes, margarine, butter,
chocolate, banana
Variety of gelatin, jello, tapioca,
Variety of fruits (fresh equivalent)
equivalentl
concentrates
Variety of canned fruit juice
equivalent)
I
20
l5
100
t(.
50
35
Variety of vegetables (fresh equivalent)
Potatoes (fresh
10
Peanut butter
t4
15
10
100
20
50
30
10
t4
5
5
50
l5
25
20
10
t4
5
l0
75
20
25
25
t5
l4
10
lo
75
20
50
25
15
t4
15
to
100
25
50
35
l5
t4
l5
to
100
25
50
35
l5
t4
20
15
1d0
35
75
45
15
t4
15
lo
100
25
75
35
15
t4
25
20
150
30
100
55
l5
One critical appliance that i.s an absolute must for food storage in bulk is a grain grinder. The nonelectrical variety is what we recommend. Grinders
can be purchased from the following address. R&R
Mi1l
45 lIest
Company
First
Inc.
North smirhsfield, Utah 84335 An excellent r4ray to enhance your food storage program is to set aside a certain amounE each week to spend at the grocery s tore .
that history shows, the coin of the realm. in times of crisis, food is You should also consider
Sprouting
Sprouting of seeds increases the nutrition of the seed or bean. You ingest living food and it is powerful, healthful and can be done easily. No survival storage plan is cornplete without sProuts. They can be eaten raw, added to souPs and sLews or used as an ingredient to make gourmet sandwiches. Mung beans and alfalfa seeds are easiest Eo sprout and virtually all beans and peas can be sprouted. The tools youtll need are as follows: one quart jar, rubber band, scraPs of small and large nylon netting and a water source. Measure 2 tablespoons of alfalfa seeds or a quarter cup of mung beans into the quart jar. Cover it" 3". wich fine nylon net secured with the rubber
band.
the seeds overnight (eight to twelve hours) in cool !,Iater, covering the seeds amp1y. Drain the soaking water. Flush thoroughly with cold water twice a day' Separate entwined sprouts with fork. Better rinsing makes for better sProuts. Drain after washing and Iay jar propped or on Soak
its side.
(eep the jar out of direct sunlight. Try for 65-70o temperature.
-62-
As the sprouts grow, change to a larger meshed netLing to allow the seed hu1ls to flush out. Expose the sprouts to direct sun the last day or tlvo to add ch1orophyll. Once again, sprouting is a must for a solid, healthy food storage program. Besides being nutritious, they are incredibly economical and are t'living food.rt It has been claimed that one could virtually live on sprouts alone. While this could make for dul1 meals, the use of sprouts in survival menu planning is important. Almost any seed, grain, or legume can be successfully sprouted although most think that alfalfa, soybeans, mung beans, 1enti1s, peas and the cereal grasses (wheat, oats, barley, and rye) provide best results. Never eat potato sprouts, as they are poisonous
Sprouting causes incredible leaps in the vitamin content of the seeds sprouted. Sprouted grains and legumes supply all eight essential amino acids which make up rrcomplete'r proteins. Sprouts are also fu11 of enzymes which are also necessary for a healthy body.
From each pound of dry beans you sprout, four to eight pounds of shoots can be harvested. Sprouting requires no cooking preparations, also.
The following charts are an excellent synopsis
of the sprout world:
-63-
I
I
o\ N
SERVING IDEAS
I\IUTRITIONAL HIGHLIGHTS
SPROUTING TIPS
LENGTH
HARVEST
GROWING TIME*
AWAY
RINSE HULIS
SCREEN TOPS
SOAK TIII,IE
inches
Eat raw in sdads, sandwiches, or as Sprout Loaf
C,D,E,K
Tops list in content of minera.ls, protein, Vitamins A, B-omplex,
before hawest, to develoo chloroohvll
Place in indirect sunlight l-2 days
l-2
4-6 days
3rd or 4th day
Begin fne, chmge to medium
days
in salads
Tastes like fresh peas in a pod; delicious raw
Protein, minerals, Vitamins A ild C
Use alone, or combine with alfalfa for mle slaw Sprout Loaf
Rich in minerals, Vitamins A md C
A.llow time to develop
chlorophyll
inches
days
expansion during soak time
7r-llt
46
3rd or 4th day
Begin fine, chmge to medium
&12 hom
Allow ample rmm for
Yr-lr inch
3{
No hulls
Coarse screen
&12 hours
,l-6 hours
quart
I
I qun
1 quart
YIELD
CABBAGE
Y. cup
BLACK.EYED PEAS
1 cup
L\'-2 T,
ALFALFA
DRY SEED MEASURE
SEED VARIETY
quart
cup
|t-1
inch
3-8 days
No hulls
Sweet enough for desserts
Niacin, folic acid, Vitamin A
is delicious
Experiment with all varieties, sweet com
cMse
Medium, chage to
12-16 hours
I
I
CORN
quart
inch
salads
Nutty favor, good in
Complete protein, numerous mirerds
Combine with Wheat for nutritious mixtue
h-l
3-5 days
No hulls
Coarse screen
12-16 hours
I
Y. cup
GARBANZOS
quart
Delicious in soups, salads, dressings, or spreads
B vitarins
Complete proteirq
nutritious
longer, but less
Tasty and crispy if
grom
days
Yr-lt imh
&4
for seed skins
3rd or 4tI day
to come
Begin medium, chmge
&12 hous
I
Yr cup
LENTILS
I
LN
o\
I
Complete protein, vitamins A, B-complex,
Best sprouted alone, do not use soak water
14-l inch
3-5 days
No hulls
Base for cheese or yogurt, in casseroles, salads, or stem tlem
casseroles
desserts, salads,
Salads, meat loaf, sandwiches, blend in dips
minera.ls
Potassium, other
Develop chlorophyll, snappy flavor
16-1% inches
3-5 days
3rd or 4th day
Coarse screen
Omelettes, Oriental dishes, salads, soups
As a snack, or in
Begin fine, change to coarse
quart
cup
12-16 hours
I
I
SOYBEANS
C,E
Excellent protein, niacin, minerals
Use raw, shelled nuts
Vr inch
3-4 days
quart
&12 hours
I
% cup
RADISH
tron
Protein, Vitamins A, C, calcium phosphorus,
wamer temperature
Grow in dak, at
}1-2 inches
3-5 days
3rd or 4th day
No hulls
Coarse screen
quart
cups
Begin medium, change
to coarse
*Growing time may vary due to temperature and water conditions.
SERVING IDEAS
NUTRITIONAI HIGHLIGHTS
SPROUTING TIPS
LENGTH
HARVEST
GROWING TIME-
RINSE HULLS AWAY
SCREEN TOPS
1
}'
12-16 hours
I
PEANUTS
8-12 hous
1 quart
YIELD
SOAK TIME
Y. cup
MI]NG BEANS
DRY SEED MEASURE
SEED VAIIIETY
quan
|l
inch
spreads
Delicious as is, satads, with fruit, or in
Minerals, proteins, unsaturated fatty acids, Vitamins D md E
Sprout will get bitter if allowed to develop green leaves
Not more than
2-3 days
3rd day for seed skins
to coarse
Begin medium, change
&12 hours
I
2 cups
SUNFLOWER
cups
quart
lt
casseroles Long: dessert, breads, or Juce
Short: salads, soups,
C, E, complete nutrition
Vitamins B-complex,
Gmd protein,
Length grom depends upon intended use
/r-1 inch
2-3 days or 4-7 days
No hul.ls
Medium screen
8-12 hours
I
%-l
WHEAT
Sto.ring your
Food
The ideal storage area is dark and dry with a 40-600 temperature range. Do not set containers on bare fIoor. Use pallets. Al1ow air space for circulation around containers. Label all containers. Set in a store of mason jars for canning and tops. If not used they will be an excellent barter item. Air tight resealable metal or plastic containers, in one to five gallon sizes, make excellent holders for bulk storage foods.
55 gallon steel container drums with locking ring covers are also suitable for storage of bulk grains and other foodstuffs. You can pack your own containers and save money doing it. Once you have obtained the grains and the containers, purchase quantities of dry ice. Take a container and fill it t futt. Insert a layer of dry ice and aIlow it to evaporate. Add another layer of grain then dry ice on up to the top. This will give you an inert atmosphere in your containers. The breakdown of the food is slowed because it doesnrt oxidize; also insect infestation is prohibited because they cannot breathe. Bay leaves layered in the top of the conEainer discourage weevils in grains or powdered milk. Make sure lids are air tight. Weevits thrive on soap residues in containers. DetergenEs do not have the same attraction. The following address is an excellent source of containers and other storage items:
Surv-Con Inc.
P.O. Box
19130
Derroit, Mi.
48219-0130
-66-
Radiation & Food Food that has been inadiated (sub-atomic particles having passed through it) will not be radioactive. Some of its food value may be destroyed but iE will still be edible. Food in cans or containers that shieid it from fallout dust is alright if the dust is removed from off the container. Gardening
It is not within the scope of this book to pro.ride gardening instruction, If you are considering gror^7ing part of your food and preplanning on a bountiful
harvest, remember this fact: It took the pilgrims three years to become self-sufficient. These people lived in a agrarian age. They knew that food came from the soi1, not the supermarket. please do not think that you can just go out and throw a few seeds out and then sit back waiting for the harvest. If you can garden now, do so, especially if you have never done it. It is both an enjoyable experience and a rewarding survival skil1. Try to grow more than what you can eat within the year, and learn to can or dry what is extra. This will aid your food storage tremendously. We recommend the following hand tools for working your garden: shovel hard rake long spade hand spade hoe hand cultivator leaf rake compressed air sprayer wheelbarrow or garden cart The following list of seeds will provide a garden for a family of four for two years:
-61
-
Amount
AmounE
onions peanuts
hot
pepPers
radishes squash *summer
:kwinter Eomatoes :ks
tandard
*pas t.e
sunflower t.urnips and/or rutabaga
broccoli cabbage
*ear1y *mid-season
a-"2.
cantalouPe greens *sPinach :kco l1ard s *mustard
4 lbs. I oz. 2 oz.
',kka1e
2 oz. 2 oz.
Peas
s\deet PePPers Potatoes 'kl Yrs . seed swiss chard
I oz. I oz. I lb.
ts carrots
bee
\ *. I oz.
corn cucumbers
leeks
I oz. I oz. 1 oz.
lettuce
2 oz.
t ru. t ru. \t. t ru.
2 1bs. L oz. 100 lbs
t rt.
6 oz, 4 oz. 4 lbs. L oz.
I
oz.
2 oz.
,4 Lb. okra *late fa11 The following two addresses can supply any of Ehe seeds listed above:
Vermont Bean Seed ComPanY Garden Lane Bomoseen, Vt. 05732 W. Atlee BurPee CornPanY
Warminster, Pa. L8974
-68-
I,{ATE
R
JOHN I :37 -38 Water is the single most critical component in physical survival preparations. The human body can only go 6-8 days without water. This figure itself is deceiving in that by day four, you will cease to function coherently. Lethargy will have set in, along with hallucination and madness. While your body can store up food in the forrn of fat and muscle, it cannot store up an excess of water. You must secure a water source, a permanent source being far superior to a storage program and a storage program being superior to a reliance on outside systems. Estimates vary to between 10 to 25 million people per year die due to unclean r^rater supplies or unsanitary conditions. The World Health Organization estimates that 802 of all the sickness in the world is attributable to inadequate \rater supply and sanitaLion. On their ovrn, these statistics are distant from the reality of the comforts and security of modern America. Letrs put them in proportion. The majority of Americans live in or around our metropolitan areas. These areas, discussed in detail elsewhere, are vulnerable to sabotage and natural catastrophe. Three things will happen when the taps go dry. There will be a mad and dangerous assault on existing supplies. When the clean water is gone, thirsty people will turn to impure sources. Impure water will produce disease, rampant disease. Simultaneously, when the water pressure is gone and the power is off, people will be unable to put out the accidental fires. These accidental fires will be numerous as people turn to gasoline, kerosene, candles and wood for heat, light and cooking. The cities will burn! Our recommendations are as follows: Relocate in an area with water that can be drawn by hand. Do not rely on electrical pumps ! Even if you relocate in a secure retreat area, store fifteen gallons of water for each member of your family. This will provide you a two week buffer. If you do nothing but store fifteen
-69-
gallons of water, you will have benefited from reading this book and it costs you nothing. To store \^rater you can use five gallon buckets with sealable lids or glass jars (in essence, canning the water). If the vrater is out of city taPs, it will already have been treated, if your containers are clean so will your water be. If water has been stored for a period of time, iL will develop a flat taste. This inconvenience can be removed by aerating the water. To do this pour it back and forth between two containers. If the water to be stored has not been treated chemically, you can easily do so. The following methods can be used. We also suggest rotating stored water at least once every year to insure purity. If water is suspected and no chemical agent is available for purification, boiling can be used to ki11 bacteria. To purify water by boiling, bring to rapid boil and maintain for ten minutes. Boiled water will be flat tasting; this can be removed by aerating. Clorox bleach, which contains chlorine, and iodine are Ewo agents that can be used Eo purify water. The amounts are as follows: BLEACH
Amount
of Water
Clear
2 drops
One quart One ga1lon
Five gallons
B drops '< tsp.
Clou.dJ
4 drops 16 drops 1 tsp.
lODINE
(*ifGTr) Amount
of
One quart One gallon
Water
Clear
Cl.oudJ
drops
8 drops
12 drops
24 drops
4
Commercial purification tablets are also available from surplus, Sporting Goods or wilderness outfitters. I,Ihen using a chemical purifying agent, a1low the water to set for one half hour before drinking'
-70-
Another device that r^re recommend is a silver_ portable ones are avairable charcoal hrater purifier. by Lhe following brand names: I^Iater I^Iasher, Super Straw or H-Z-OK. The large purifiers will do i,000 gallons of water. These devices will not ."rolr" water soluble poisons but they will remove all particulate matter (particles). This is significant in that rhey remove fallout from water, or dirt particles. The only foolproof method of water purification is distillation. Health food stores se11 nonelectrical water purifiers that can be used on a wood stove or other heat source. Depending on your resources, this could be a very sound investment. Emergency water may also be located in your house. Water will be in your water heating tank, in your wet packed canned goods. It will also be found in the tank behind your toilet. Besides drinking and personal use, water is crucial for using dehydrated foods and sprouting. Take these facts into account in \^/ater storage. While there are numerous methods of obtaining water, r{re can not deal with desert or survival in depth. in this book. If you are planning on fleeing the cities for the safety of the desert, the ski11s you will need to survive there must be learned beforehand. Some things you can learn from a book, and some things not. One fine way to obt.ain water is the collection of rain water. Eaves and rain barrels are one method. A military poncho can be used. Water will pool in racks andhard places. This water will be dangerous if fallout has contaminated the area. It is the fallout particles that are dangerous, not the water. Remove the particles and the r^rater can safely be used. Another method of obtaining water is to drag cloths, towels or rags through grass or brush that is wet with dew. The water is then squeezed out of the cloth. Such waEer should always be filtered and boiled before drinking. Another device for yielding water is the solar still. Dig a pit at least two feet deep and three feet -1
l-
across. In the bottom of Ehe pit place a container. A piece of surgical tubing will amplify the efficiency of this method. Run it from the conEainer to outside the pit. It will function as a stravr. Over the pit a sheet of plastic is placed, weighted down by rocks or dirt. A stone is placed in the center of the plastic weighting it down to form an inverted cone. The stone should rest over the container. As the sun beats down on the surface of the plastic, it will cause the moisture in the pit to condense on the underside of the plastic. Being on a downward slope it will run down to the inverted peak and drip into Ehe container. To increase the efficiency of a solar sEill, place broad leafed plants or grass clippings in the pit surrounding the container. The moisture in the plants will also condense on the plastic. Use the drinking tube so thaE each time you wanE water, you will not have to disturb the plastic covering. Theyield of still of these dimensions will be between t to 3 pints per day. Plug end
tubing
<--
Approximately
36"
t
---) ate
ly
Rock
/
-1 2-
ol
C
LOTH ING
There are men & women in many of the large metropolitan and suburban areas of this country whose entire life is a walk from house to car to office back to car to supermarket to shopping mal1 to reEurn home. They are the people of the cubicles (house, car, office, shopping mal1). Many people who live this lifestyle, even those in harsh northern climates owrr no winter clothing, no winter footwear, no thermals. While this is the ultimate tribute to the artificial support systems that maintain the rrbeastr', it is suicidal. Over two hundred Americans have died from causes directly related to the winter of 1981-82.
I^Ihile these deaths may be dismissed by many due to
the fact that they occur among the indignant and e1der1y, it must be understood that this is a classic example of the conditions that will prevail during a collapse. When the electicity stops, the stores stand empty and fuel is no longer available, many Americans witl succumb. Hel1 might be an inferno but the road there may well be full of ice, snow, and art.ic winds. If you have never been cold, really co1d, then you're lucky. It is painful. Lack of food can multiply Ehe bodyts perception of cold; needless to say lack of shelter will do the same. I^Je aE C.S.A. urge you to secure proper clothing for your area. Clothing that will allow you to function in snow, rain or hot weather. The following suggestions will help you select clothing that aid you to survive, stay \rarm, and when the time comes, fight the enemies of God and America. If you want a harsh lesson in the honors of cold weather survival in time of war, read about Valley Forge and the horrible winEer where the forces under Washington almost gave in. Other examples are Napoleants retreat . from Moscow or the German retreat from Russia in WW II. Cold is an enemy if you are unprepared. It will be an ally i f you are . (t'tat th ew 24: 20 ) . We will discuss civilian clothing before we discuss military. When it comes to quality, commercial clothIt is also far more ing is far superior Eo military. -7
3-
expensive. One way to go for winter wear is to use the layering principle. This means rather than one super tt,i"t-aorn (goose feathers) coat, you use multiple layer of cloEhing. Start wiEh thermal underwear or longjohns. Add T-shirt, wooL shirt, pants, sweater or s\^Ieat shirt and then parka. When using this method and exerting energy, iE is easy to build up a slreat. By sirnply opening the parka, you can cool off. Wool is an excellent insulating material. It can absorb moisEure and still retain much of its heat reEaining properties. SweaEers, shirts or Pants are an ideal method of keeping vlarm that are made of wool. Woolen garments worn next to the skin are more effective due to the stimulation of the skin surface which increases blood circulation. A commercial parka, such as the better sporting goods and wilderness outfitters se1l, is an ideal survival garment. They are wind resistant, many are water repellant, and almost all have multiple pockets, a useful feature. A new material called Gore-Tex
is the ideal material for a parka. It is available in commercial camouflage patterns atso. Work clothes or denim jeans are an asset. When Ehe collapse comes, there will be a greaL deal of physical 1abor. Extra clothing for yourself and family is an excellent investment. Inlork clothing can be purchased at Wards, Sears or other retail stores and also cheaply at second-hand stores. Winter Socks are another item that are critical.
cross country over the knee socks are excellent for cold weather. Many other types of outdoor socks are also available. Tube socks are excellent for llarmer
weather wear. Foot wear is perhaps the single most critical iEem in your wardrobe. It is absolutely imperative that any footwear designed with survival in mind must be broken in before hand. A pair of hiking boots that have never been worn will usually blister the wearer if not gradually broken in. -7
4-
The type of footwear you need depends on climate. Cold weather boots that are insulated and water-proof are a must. Pacs are boots with a rubber bottom and a leather top that usually begins around the ankle. Leather boots of cormnercial manufacture that are insulated can be purchased at many sporting goods stores. Since boots are the critical factor in your survival wardrobe, this is money well spent. Other footwear that will be of use are the Vietnam style jungLe boots. These feature a t'panamat' sole that sheds mud and a steel plate that stops sharp objects from penetrating the soLe of the foot. There are copies, usually of Korean origin; forget them. The real ones are the best. They are durable and excellent for warm weather.
boots also make exceLlent foot wear. They in used condition economically from surplus stores. Commercial work boots are also a good way to go. Pay the extra and buy good ones and youtll save money. Theyrlt outlast 2 or 3 pairs of inferior quality boots. Tennis shoes are the most comfortable shoes you wiLl ever wear but they are inferior for use while carrying loads such as a backpack because they offer poor foot support. They should sti11 be found in the wardrobe. Military clothing can be found at surplus, sporting goods stores, and gun shows or from the numerous mail order houses. If you believe as rf,e do, that war is coming to America, you will want to purchase military clothing. Olive drab fatigues aLso make excelLent work clothes and can be purchased at various surplus outlets. It would not hurt to have several sets. Combat
can be purchased
-7 5-
Camouflage clothing has become a status item. Just as hippies were known by the length of the hair, survivilists have become tyPecast by their camoufl?ge
fatigues. There are di-fferent types of camoufLage, ranging from commercial used by hunters, to solid
bfact iatigues for night operations. You should choose a pattern that fits the area you live. in. Leaf pattern is the most cofitrnon Pattern. It originated in the Viet Nam era. It is one of the patterns we use at C.S.A. In the suntrner when the foilage is thick and green, it works well. However, if the brush is dried and browned, it is too dark. It was designed to bl-end ldith thick, lush foilage be it forest or jungle. It is excellent at night. I,Ioodland is the new American pattern. It is a variation of leaf PatEern and is designed for use when American soldiers are sent to fight in the woodtands of Europe. It is atso good for lush, green areas. It works well at night. Tiger stripe is another Pattern. It is designed for the deep jungles of Asia. It is everglade or bayou camo with too much black for many areas. It functions as good night camo. Another new American Pattern is desert camo. There are sandy and desert areas of the U.S. where this would be a must. It is cormnonly available from many of the same outlets as leaf Pattern. Simple snor{ c€tmo can be concocted by using a white sheet. Snow camo will also add another layer of clothing. Any white pants will work well with sno\f, c€lmo toPs. The military field jacket is an excetlent piece of survival clothing. without liner it \ril1 provide warmeh in moderate to fairly cold weaLher. With liner and hood it will make an excellent cold weather coat. It has four pockets, thro in the breast and two low at the sides. A11 the pockeEs are designed to be accessible with webb gear on. This is not true on many pieces of commercial clothing. Field jackets are availabl'e in olive drab and all camo Patterns. -76-
American Camouflage
-77-
I
I
{@ Camouflage
Snow
Camouflage
Italian
Many other articles of military apparel are available at surplus outlets. A comprehensive list would be too exhaustive for this manual. If you check around, you may discover many useful items.
Headgear is another consideration. You must keep your head covered in cold weather because it will allow, if exposed, massive loss of body heat. Navy watchcaps, ranger caps and cold weather helmet liners will all function well as will the hood available for the field jackets or the hood on a hooded sweatshirt. This is a critical item. A wide brimmed hat or a mesh type baseball hat are
excellent for shade in hot weather. The hands must also be protected, both during cold weather and during hard labor. Military gloves available with both shel1 and liner are accompanied by a
separate trigger finger. You cannot fire your \.eeapon while wearingmittens. This is a critical consideration. The principle of shel1 and liner will keep the hands warmer than a single lined or unlined glove. The shell and liner principle traps air. This is the secret of warmth.
Work gloves are another item you will want to add to the survival wardrobe. Leather or cloth gloves can be purchased aE hardware stores or department stores. The final items to consider are a belt such as the G.I. belt and a bandana. The bandana can perforn so many useful services from first-aid to wash cloth to sweat band. It is commonly available in leaf print camo cloth. It also will make an excellent camo face mask.
There are several more points to discuss about clothMake shift insulation can be gained from sources other than clothing. Hobos l'rill tell you about the insulating capabilities of newspaper. They either wad it or fold it and put it in their clothes. They also rnake their houses in large cardboard boxes. Plastic bread wrappers and plastic bags are anoEher way t.o help the feet stay warm and dry. Plastic garbage
irrg.
-7
9-
bags with head and arm holes will also help you stay the clothing. Beware though noE to cover the entire body because it can suffocate your skin. Plastic exercise or rrarm-up suits also lock body heat in. The use of pLastic is only for extremely cold weather as it will make you svreat profusely. It also can be very noisy to wear. One note of interest. Cattail down has been successfully used as an insulator in down jackeEs. It can be found at marshes, swamps and drainage ditches and costs nothing. Nothing but the Eime to gather. warm under
The raingear siEuation is best handled by the use The older, thick army surplus models are both durable and available for a reasonable price. They are large enough that they can be worn
of a waterproof poncho.
over equipment. Ponchos will also function as ground cloths and makeshift shelter tarps. Each member of the family should have one. Round out your survival wardrobe with a sewing kit including thread, buttons, needles and scissors. In the future it is likely that many of us will be mending before buying new.
-80-
Chapter Three: PERSONAL HOME DEFENSE
-B
1-
PERSONAL HOME DEFENSE
There are two basic premises concerning survival. The first is mobility as a means of survival and the second is defense of a fixed position, such as home or retreat.. To say that no situation exists where mobile survival would be standard operating procedure is untrue. However, Ehe rule of thumb for survival is that a fixed position properly locaLed and equipped will be a far superior oPt.ion for group, family or individual. When cities collapse, mass evacuation will ensue. America will become one massive traffic jam; we mean this in a lireral sense. Vehicles will be left where they sit. Anarchy, chaos, confusion and mayhem will be abroad in the 1and, Now picture John Q. Jones and family with their backpacks. Know the nature of the enemy! Normal, moral Americans cannot comprehend they are being betrayed by those in high places nor can they comprehend what the savages, degenerates and mental defectives who will be loosed when law and order deteriorate are capable of. We will now discuss how to fortify your dwelling or retreat. To even consider your site secure, it should be at least 100 miles distance from the nearest city of 100,000 population. We suggest a wooded, hilly siEe with a well for a source of water, wood for firewood and as few neighbors as possible. When selecting a retreat, be discreet. There is no need to 1et your neighbors know what you are uP to. A 1ow profile will aid your security and safety. We suggest either locating your dwelling on the f1at, top surface of a hill or on the side of a hill between L/3 or 7/4 of. the way from the top. There is a military principle that explains these choices for location---Elevation commands. If your position comes under seige, it is better to have attackers slowIy trudging upward towards you than speeding on level or downhill slope. You do not want your position to be silhouetted against the sky, so ideally your habitation should rest amidsE surrounding trees, preferably concealing evergreens.
-82-
As an alternate source of water for now, and perhaps as the primary source for later, it is advisable to have a well drilled, where you can use a well bucket and rope. The bucket holds 2 gallons of water.
-83-
lrr:
E
i:,
A wood cookstove (above) and a wood heat stove (below) are mandatory items for any home that wishes to survive after any kind of collapse'
1s
',r.{' .a
..'
.\'t -84-
fr
Alternate sources of lighting for either before or after the electricity goes off: the Coleman Lantern, kerosene lamps, and candles. One ga1lon of Coleman fuel will burn for 64 hours. One ga1lon of kerosene will light up 4 kerosene lamps an average of one-two weeks. Most candles will burn from one to four hours. The Coleman lantern will put out more light than four kerosene 1amps. However, one gallon of Coleman fuel is approximately twice that of kerosene in cost of fue1. Extra parts should be bought no matter which \^ray you go for lighting. If possible, store up on fuel, a1so. An excellent storage program would be 55 gallons of kerosene and 25 gallons of Coleman fuel, per fami1y. This quantity would last approximateLy 3-4 years. Note also that the Coleman lantern is a little noisier than the kerosene lamps while burning.
-85-
Once location is secured you need to begin fortification. If land is purchased with an existing structure, If constructing a new dwelling these it can be fortified. principles can be incorporated into the building. It is ideal Eo rock up your house at least to the leve1 of the middle of your windows. Not only will this provide you with bullet proof walls around your shooting ports but it will benefit as insulation also. If you sEill feel insecure at your windows, steel plates can be acquired with slits cut out to provide rifle ports. A mants home is his castle and he had best make it able to withstand seige. Numerous books are available detailing Ehe rrhow to do it" of rocking up walls. An area with natural deposits of rock, makes for one of the cheapest and quickest forms of fortification available. If rock is not available, sandbags or improvised materials can be used. Books, logs, boards, or sand-fi1led 55 gallon drums will all work. Let us again urge you to of your house. underEake the fortification Next, you need to clear a trfield of fire". What this term means is that you create emPty sPaces Ehat attackers must cross to approach you. If t.here is no concealment for the enemy, he will be a clear target. Good for you, bad for him. If on the other hand, an enemy can sneak up on you, and reach your house while you cannot get a clear shot at him, you have a serious and possibly lethal problem. When clearing the land, it is far superior to cut wiEh a chainsaw than bull dozer. This will leave you wiuh firewood. Piled firewood will rnake excellent defensive barriers when placed next to your house. This will aid in stopping any projectiles from penetrating the house wa11s. Ideally, a border of trees will surround your house for up to fifty yards then leave a few trees every 25-
75 yards.
clearing your land for a field of fire, mark trees for distances. One example is by nailing a white board for 100 yards, two boards for 200 yards, e,tc. This will aid your sighting in targets. Especially with weapons such as the H-K 91, which has a yardage meter on the sights. Upon
-86-
These two pictures were taken from the same spot, to show the field of fire distant from the perimeter, and how the housing area should remain se-
cluded with
its tree protection.
-87
-
NexE, you should construct barriers to slow down any approaching hostiles. An easy way to accornplis,h this aim is by constructing fences. Ideally, three fences at various dist.ances from your dwelling should be used.
The first would stretch around your dwelling 5 to 10 yards out from the wooded area surrounding your house. Next, construct a fence barrier 50 - 100 yards Past that one. The final fence should be 75 to 100 yards pasr the second. The best wire to use would be heavy gauge woven about 4 feet in height. This shouldbe topped with 2 or 3 strands of barbed wire, 6 to 12 inches apart. This wilL stop anyone seeking to crawl under the fence and make it difficult to climb over. Woven wire is also hard and slow to cut.
;1;
|lr
(To make your house as defensable as possible, rock it up.)
-88-
of wire fences to have as perimeters are woven wire with strands of barbed wired on top, or else many strands of barbed wire. Each fence, for defense purposes, should be at least 6-8 feet tall, with the strands of barbed wire about 6 inches apart. The two best kinds
-89-
Examples
of Perimeter
Fences Using Barbed Wire:
-90-
Improvised obstacles are atso effective in slowing the progress of an approaching enemy. Pungy sticks, sharpened pieces of wood, point up, are cheap to make yet very effective. A 10 yard wide stretch of these around your inunediate perimeter or any bunkers might force attackers to pick another route or betEer yeE another target. Consideration must next be given to the avenues of approach to your location. It would be senseless to fortify your position while leaving Ehe roads open. Once the collapse occurs, you can go out and fal1 trees across your roads. Rock barriers can be constructed. Wire can be strung across the road. Another device that can be produced if you have access Eo a welder is a variation of the ancient barrier and'obstacle, the hedgehog. They will stop cars or trucks. They are easy to make and to place. Smaller versions can be made from /116 conrnon nails and used to stop those on foot.
Tanglefoot is also helpful in hindering intruders. By layering out old woven wire or by nailing barbed wire from stump to stump, the progress of those approaching can be impeded. There are other obstacles that you can use also. Boards with nails stickinB upr scattered ti',:s, firewood, rocks, etc. These are especially beneficial to use in low or hard to see areas forcing the enemy back into the open.
for the purpose of booby-Erapped areas. This
Obstacles shouLd be placed
funneling the
enemy
into
will aid in conquering any intruders.
-9
I-
To further fortify your dwelling, bunkers can arso used. These take ,..t tri-, pensive. Rememb.: .. ;;yio',"i'!rlll.griiI..lriilear prorecrors. Even wirr ao,- u_ul-tiri'e a combar shorgun or assault "pii.u"i'i" rifle ir, .-"i.,iiriuo. --rr,"'p"rpose rs deafening, literaliy. "0.". of these lngs can be conceatea io -;;;; build_ *..t it"i, ,r""1 all be locared witrrin should ;;";l;,r:dr_are perimerer and each should also q,arer, food, blank_ ets, ammunition, l"."e"i;;"j"ri.n toilet OlO"rr'"a". for any emergency. be
Your primarv location should also have one or tr{o lookout positions i" . toJ.I-.I a.rr rree. Foxholes or trenches also aid in d"f;";;.
It is
imporran.r.
fire fighting !ll. you provide -8.". ^'r'. in bucker", ;ff:'ffi:iiriXltry"ishers ' """d o,:1 ri"e-",p.ur" I":"U:: TI;"r;::_ "i-"r.r,. eans fortifying and also stocti,g ip on basics.
i;;i;,
-92-
Two types of pungy sEicks that can be used around your perimeter: Make sure that the sticks are close enough together that one could not step thru them. Wire or sharpened nails can be used in each one to add to their discomfort. As a perimet.er deterrent: pungy sticks should be at least 10-20
feet wide.
-93-
DeterrenEs to turn the uninvited: Tanglefoot wire with pungy boards and the very effective vehiclestopping hedgehogs.
4",
l:titf".:
\I!i.
tr
94-
The Bunker: Sandbags on top for out of bunker protection, with the bunker itself rocked up and built into the ground. The bottom picEure shows the tunnel leading into the bunker. The tunnel itself can also be used to defend from. It is advisable t.o have one or two bunkers around your ovrn house.
-9
5-
The Trench and the Foxhole: Two more means for Personal Home Defense.
-96-
Impoltant Note The best personal home defense, remember, is Christ Jesus and abiding in Him. Lean upon the Scriptures for faith, knowing that faith pleases God.
Psalms 5:11---But 1et all those that put, their
trust in thee rejoice: let Ehem ever shout for joy, because thou defendest them: 1et them also that love thy name be joyful in thee. Psalms 7:10---My defense is of God, which saveth the upright in heart. Psalms 59:1-5----Deliver me from mine enemies, O my God: defend me from them that rise up against me. Deliver me from the workers of iniquity, and save me from bloody men. For, 1o, they lie in wait for my soul: the mighty are gathered against me; not for my transgression, nor for my sin, O Lord. They run and prepare themselves without my fault: awake to help me, and behold. Thou therefore, O Lord God of hosts, the God of Israel, awake to vist all the heathen: be not merciful to any wicked transgressors. Se1ah. Psalms 91---He thaE dwelleth in the secret place of the most High shal1 abide under the shadow of Lhe Almighty. I will say of the Lord, He is my refuge and my fortress: my God; in him will I trust. Surely he sha1l deliver thee from the snare of the fowler, and from the noisome pestilence. He shall cover thee with his feathers, and under his wings shalt thou trust: his truth shall be thy shield and buckler. Thou shalt not be afraid for the terror by night; nor for the arrow that flieth by day; Nor for the pestilence that walketh in darkness; nor for the destruction that wasteth at noonsday. A thousand sha11 fa1l at thy side, and ten thousand at thy right hand; but it sha11 not come nigh thee. Only with thine eyes shalt thou behold and see the reward of the wicked. Because thou hast made the Lord, which is my refuge, even the most High, thy habitation; There sha11 no evil befall thee, neither shall any plague come -97
-
nigh thy dwelling. For he shaIl give his angels charge over thee, to keep thee in all thy !{ays.
They sha11 bear thee up in their hands, lest thou dash thy foot againsL a stone. Thou shalt tread upon the lion and adder: the young lion and the dragon shalt thou trample under foot. Because he hath set his love upon me, therefore will I del-iver him: I will set him on high, because he hath known my name. He shall calL upon me, and I will answer him: I will be with him in trouble; I will deliver him, and honour him. with long life will I satisfy him, and show him my salvation. Remember the word of the Lord in corunandment and promise as recorded in Joshua, chapter 1, and take it to heart: rt..Nohr therefore arise, go over...unto the land wtrich I do give to...the children of Israel. Every
place that the sole of your foot shall tread upon, that have I given unto you...I wiLL noE fail thee, nor forsake thee...Only be thou strong and very
that thou mayest observe to do according to all the law, which Moses my servant conunanded thee: turn not from it to the right hand or to the left, that thou mayest prosper whithersoever thou goest. This book of the 1aw sha1l not depart out of thy mouth; but thou shalt meditate therein day and night, that thou mayest observe to do according to all that is written therein: for then thou shalt, make thy way prosperous, and then thou shalt have good success. Have not I commanded thee? Be strong and of a good couragel be not afraid, neither be thou dismayed: for the Lord thy God is with courageous,
thee whithersoever thou goest.rl
-98-
Chapter Four: NATUML SURVIVAL
-99-
NATURAL SURVIVAL
Shelter
of the first things to learn is how to construcL a shelter that is suitable to the immediate climate. Construction of a survival shelter requires an above average amount of work for extreme weather conditions, and advanced planning for the selection of a campsite. A campsiEe should h"r" . good amount of firewood, protection from wind and storms, close food and,water sources, high enough ground above flash flood level, away from dead or rotten trees and possible rock slides, free from poisonous plants, 1evel enough for a bed and a fire place, and enough materials to construct a shelter and bed. There are basically two types of shelters, temporary and semi-permanent. Temporary meaning for a night or two and made light and quick enough to protect from the most probable weather conditions. Usually a simple lean-to made from a poncho or a more complicated one from available materials found on hand is adequate. When building a shelter out of available materials try to find anything that is large and seriri to completely waterproof to thatch the roof with. Leaves and branches will work for a short time but will eventually seep. Always be on lookout for trash materials such as plastic bags, old roofing tin or shingles, rugs or carpets, inner tubesrplywood, etc. Semi-permanent shelters should be big enough to contain plenty of sleeping room with enough area left over to store gear, dry firewood and kindling without being overly crowded. It should also be as wind and waterproof as possible, sturdy and in a real good location. The best type of semi-permanent shelter is probably Ehe wickiup. This shelter is made by building a tripod on which a tight circle of poles is stacked to form a large cone-shaped frame or teepee. This frame is then covered with a thatching of grass, leaves, reeds, bark, rotten One
- 100-
The two shel ters : The lean-t.o and the wickiup.
- 101
The door can be wood, pine boughs, and even dirt. a reflector fire or large to allow for morning sun as possible. breeze or small to knock off as much
If twenty-foot poles are used, a floor area, I4t across, can be made. The more thatching material the better the waterproofing and insulation from the coId.
seddigg
The inside of the shelter should be thoroughly cleaned of all rocks and big sticks. Dry grass, cedar boughs, pine boughs, dry leaves, etc. make good bedding. A thicker pile of bedding will be required during cold weather. In real cold weather a shallow trough the length and width of your body can be dug and lined with flat stones and a long wide fire built over these sEones to heat them and dry the ground around and under them. Once a good bed of coals is accomplished, remove all coals and ashes leaving the stones, cover with the dirt from inside of the trough and Ehen with regular bedding material s .
Fire A good fire is almost a necessity in any survival situation, and not being proficient in starting one could cost you your 1ife. Remember, fire can work for you or against you--consider when, where, and how you are going to build your fire. If any trip or outing of any kind is planned, you should instinctively carry matches just as you would your pocket knife or watch. This is real important unless you have the time and ambition to try and accomplish the bow and dril1 method of starting fires. Even if you do know how to start a fire in this manner your life could stil]- depend on how fast and easy you can get a fire started. It is wise to carry some wooden itstrike anywherett matches in a waterproof container plus book matches in a couple of othet different places with your gear. A1so, carry a magnifying glass to start fires when there is sunlight present. To conserve on matches -t02-
Above: The various sizes of good fire going. Below: The cooking fire.
wood
to use to get
wlr ta
It-
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a" ' 'i-r "l ,t. *b'3:^ .Y'.- * r '-.i8f,i3-i
;{..^
r':;*
)':!
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+)t- t
q{ :
.^$.
-103-
I
a
in case of an emergency. Some compasses have a magnifying glass in them, or a lens out of a binocular, rifle scope, or eye glasses maybe used if need be. Always try to maintain an alternate way of starting your fire instead of relying on one book of paper matches only. The first thing to do in order to start a fire easily is to have all your materials on hand before you start. The first thing you should set about finding is tinder. Tinder can be paper, dry leaves or grass, shredded bark off of cedar trees'or any fine, dry combustible material. Next you should gather a bunch of twigs and sticks starting from about a quarter of the size of a pencil to about the size of your thumb. Then you should gather wood about half the size of your wrist and larger. Always gather a lot more wood than youtll think you need. It's not any fun looking for wood at one or t!'ro orclock in the morning. Before you light your fire, you should have a spot planned, and the type of fire yourre going to need. When your fireplace is ready position your tinder loosely in the middlel next put some of your smallest size Ewigs on top of the tinder in a teepee fashion. Donrt put enough to smother your tinder though. Now light your tinder and protect it from the wind. As the first twigs start catching afire, continue to add twigs and sticks according to size until the fire is going we1l. A sma11 chunk of candle, about an inch long is excellent for starting weE tinder and twigs, in case you get caught out in the rain. If you donrt have any candles with you, you can look under old dead logs, or inside Ehem if they are ho11oi{, under rock Ledges, or in the middle of old windfalls for dry fire materials such as rat or mouse nests, etc
.
There are basically three different kinds of fires: the cooking fire, the heating or lighting fire, and the reflector fire.
- 104-
The cooking fire is usuafly made tong and narrow enough to support a pan or other type of cooking container. Two rows of flat .rocks or two green
logs positioned the right distance apart works rLal Leave both ends open so air can draft thru good and so you can add wood as needed. Flames should be used for boiling and baking and coals for
good.
broiling
and
frying.
Watch what lzourre cooking
closely or yout1l have a well done supper! The heating and lighting fire is usually made in the middle of a circle of rocks. This holds coals and ashes from spreading and reduces the chance of your fire getting out. Use a mixture of hard and soft woods to acquire a good bed of coals from the hardwoods and a greater amount of light from the softwoods. This fire should be positioned where
Ehere is good freedom of movement about Eo al1ow easy access to as many people as are present. Before going to bed, all the coals should be heaped to the middle of the fire and more wood added along with a 1og or two on top. This will burn your logs in two for easier burning the next night and also insure you of having hot coals to restart your fire easily in the morning. This will allow yo,, to have to use only one match while in a particular campsite. CAUTION: Do not use rocks that have been in a creek or bordering a creek for surrounding your fire. They will explode and could cause a possible
injury.
The reflector fire is like the heating or light fire except it is usually positioned in front of a shelter at a safe distance and has a wal1 or a reflector built behind it to act as a windbreak, to reflect all the light and heat into the shelter, making it warmer. If trying to stay concelaled fires should be built in heavy brush at night and kept small to avoid being seen at any distance. Fires should also be built with the driest wood to keep smoke to a minimum. Use care in building fires in the morning and evening. The smoke will rise only so far and then will travel horizontally. If it is real ca1m, the smoke will stay in a long, thin column and point ex-
-105-
The Heating Fire
-106-
l.
J.
.,t f
,r
The Reflector Fire
-t07
-
actly to your location. The best remedy for Ehis is to build fires at midday when wind'will disperse the smoke. The intensity of noon light and also heat mirages will help to conceal your fire. If wanting to signal some oner use the opposite of the above techniques. Also thick bunches of evergreen boughs can be thrown onto a fire to the point of almost smothering it, causing a highly visable amount of smoke. If threatening weather is approaching, gather your tinder and sma1l twigs ahead of time and put them somewhere so they will stay dry. If you are planning on moving to a different location you can prepare your tinder by drying it by a fire and carrying it with you in a water-resistant or water-
proof container. You can transport a live fire over along distance by making a long bundle out of a core of shredded bark, dry grass, and long, dry, thin, sticks. Wrap this tightly with several layers of bark, with the outside layer being semi-green. Place a hot coal in one end and let it ignite the core of the bundle. This will smolder for six to twelve hours and can be carried in the hand or even tucked under a belt or webbing where the hot. end will be safe. Making two of these aE a time will a1low stopping just long enough when one burns low to build a small fire to acquire a large enough coal to light the nexE bundle and move on. Snares and Deadfalls Snares and deadfalls are real effective in taking meat and at the same time make little or no noise and are already mostly camouflaged. Snares are usually more effective, efficient, and easier to build than deadfalls. The reason for this being deadfalls work by having a heavy object balanced on a trigger mechanism, and this usually takes at least two people to set the trap easily. Hanging snares prevenE escaPes from the animal being able -108-
The Spring Snare
The Piute Deadfal
irlc)
I
to
jump about on the ground and also makes it harder for another animal to molest your catch before you get there. Following are a list of hints and illustrations on building snares and deadfalls. These should be tried and practiced before relying
oir them working in the fieLd. Hints: 1. Traps should be set. in good locations: creeks, edges of fields, persimmon patches, blackberry thickets, places where animals find food, water and shelter. 2. Always leave set looking natural. 3. Always make snare or deadfall big enough for the animal you intend to catch. 4. Rub hands, before making snare, with cedar berries or leaves, or leaves from some other type of evergreen to conceal human scent. 5. Try not to sweat on any of the materials. 6. Try to make sets in the morning, so as much scent as possible will evaporate. Never make seEs in the rain. 7. Do not blow your nose, sneeze or use the bathroom anywhere near your sets. 8. A well made set in a good location is better than five sets that were made in a hurry. pole snares have three or four 9. When using springttresttt made so some can while others are set. 10. Use springy wood for spring poles, such as oak,
hickory, or
e1m.
11. Approach where you intend to make set with the wind blowing toward you, so wind will not blow human scent over the set. 12. Never go nearer to the set than you have to to check
it.
13. Never smoke; it leaves a scent that follows around. 14. Den sets
you
usually always catch something. Baited sets are also real good.
-110-
SNARES AND DEADFALLS
t\on5n1 s\qse
Bot\eA
$on5\"5 Snatg
RoeK Deetd
Fo\
B'g\\oft
coc' -111-
F
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Rs\ Tsogs
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Jirst\e Teop
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-114-
Edible
PlanEs
The following are a few edible plants that grow over most regions of North America. BERRIES AND FRUIT
Blackberries, raspberries, and strawberries: These berry bushes have prickly stems and saw-toothed leaves that grow in groups of three. The berries (except strawberries) are composed of small round sections (red, purple, or black), each containing a single seed. Peeled young shoots are good emergency fruits. The leaves can also be used for tea. Choke cherrv: Small Lrees, usualLy having a reddishgray bark. The leaves are oval and pointed with small, sa\{-toothed edges and are a shiny green co1or. Eat the red berries but not the pit. They are best cooked with sugar or other fruitl otherwise, they are sour. Elderberry: Usually a 5 to 12 foot shrub, but sometimes grows to treelike heights. Small shrubs have a greenish bark. The leaves are oblong and pointed with srna1l, saw-toothed edges and grow opposite of each other. The berries are round and grow in purple, black, red or blue clusEers. The white, starshaped flower also may be eaten boil-ed or fried. DO NOT EAT ANY OTHER PART OF THE PLANT.
Grape: A woody, clinging vine wirh large leaves and The smooth-skinned purple, red, or green fruit. leaves may also be steamed as greens or used to wrap other foods. Hackberry: A sma1l to large tree with hard, rough bark. The alternating leaves are tear-shaped with saw-toothed edges. Fruits are round, about t inctr wide, and vary in color from purple to orangebrown. Honeysuckle: A slender vine with leaves growing opposite each other and fragrant white or yellow ftowers. The dark purpl.e berries grow in clusters of two. Both berries and flowers are edible. -115-
Huckleberries and Blueberries: Grow on stout shrubs. aves are sma1l and pointed obtong or oval with tips. The berries are round and colored b1ue, black, purple, or red, depending on the variety. Persimmon: A straight tree with dark, hard, deeplyffil-bart. The leaves are oval, going into a point. The unripe fruit is green; when ripe, it is orange and about L to LLz inches in diameter. Do not eat the unripe fruit; it witl cause dryness in
mouth. The best Eime to eat this is after
Ehe
tteeze.
SErawberry: Grolvs along the ground in paEches. leaves are sawltoothed and in groups of three.
first
The
ROOTS AND LEAVES
Burdock: Large eLephant-ear-shaped leaves. The leaves may be boiled and the stalks peeled and either eaten raw or boiled. The roots may also be peeled, cooked and eaten like corn. Cattails: This is the familiar straight-stemmed ;ffit growing in marshes and ponds. It has straplike leaves and a 5-8 inch cylindrical head composed of minute flowers that resemble seeds. They are green when young and brown when mature. The young, green seed head can be roast.ed and eaten like corn on the cob. The young shoots may be peeled and eaten raw or cooked. The rootstocks may be either roasted, boiled, or dried and ground into mea1. If it seems therers not much sEarch in the root, peel and mash it while fresh and soak it
in a little water, stirring occasionally. Let it settle overnight, then pour off the lvater and use the remains as a batter for cooking. Clover: A sma1l flower growing about 12 inches tr'Gt ,ritf, leaves in groups of three. The round, tightly-packed flowers gro!,/ at the end of the stem, the color varying from w,hite, yellow, or red. Any tender part of the plant may be boiled togeEher in a stew or by itself. The roots are also edible after smoking them over the fire. -116-
I
I
H H !
ELDERBE
ACORN Oak trees
PENSIMMON
T&ll, straight tree
F]
R.RIES
CATTAIL Found in
BURDOCK
Tsll reed - gft.
CLOVER
SEall florer
Dandelion: This ho11ow-stemmed ye1low flower with 6-15 inches high is the exception to not "te*-irfi plants \,riEh milky sap. The leaves which eating are variously cut.ted and pointy-toothed can be eaten raw or steamed. They have a bitLer taste, so you may want to change the water a couple of times. The roots may be cooked like carrots. Dock: This plant has curly, broad leaves with poinThe tip of the EEE-ends coming to a snubbed tip. dark sma1l, with is covered stalk tall center in the brown dark also turns the stalk seeds; brown green may stalk young, the and leaves The suflrmer. be eaten as boiled greens. The seeds may be rubbed between your palms to remove some chaff, then ground into flour or boiled as cereal. Ferns: A sma11, "prehistoric-looking" plant with To"g, pencil-thin leaves that fan out into a "palm" shape. The rootstock is edible either roasted or boiled. Dried, it can be ground into a meal for cakes.
Grasses: These are all plants resembling wheat, barley, etc. They have long, thin 6Z[ry", stalks with numerous sma11 seeds at Ehe head. The seeds, which are edible parts, can be gathered by either beaEing or stripping the stalk. ANY seeds with purple fungus SHOULDBE AVOIDED. Wash the seed, then parch it with heat, It can then be either ground into flour, eaten whole, or boiled as cereal. Lambts Quarters: The leaves of this plant are -s,ffiith irregular edges and a white pow"pear-lEE der underneath. Little clusters of smal1, green flowers later turn inEo dark brown seeds. Leaves and stems may be eaten raw or cooked, and the seeds used for flour or cereal. Plantain: These leaves have ridged para11el veins. Th. fofi leaves grow directly from the root and, depending on the species, can be broad or narro\^/. both species have a central stalk Eipped by minute, green flowers that later turn to seeds. You can eat the leaves rals or cooked. -118-
Purslane: A spreading, ground-clinging plant with sma11, f 1eshly, thj-ek, alternat,ing leaves. The stem is reddish. The whole plant (except the root) may be eaten raw or cooked like spinach---be sure
to
wash
it first.
Sassa'fo,3s: The leaves of this small tree of three aIiE?6-n-E shapes: oval and poinred, rwo-lobed and three-lobed. The two-lobed leaves are the most distingu'ishable with a mitten shape; all three form on the same tree. The whole tree has a spicy odor. The roots can be dug up and used for tea. Also, the leaves, nuts, and bulbs of the tree may be eaten ralg.
Sunflowers: A three to six foot high stalk tipped by a four to seven inch wide oval, yellow flower with an oval, brown center seeds. The "ont.ini.rg seeds may be eaten whole, with or without the she1l. The roots may be eaten raw or cooked. Thistle: A prickly plant with spiny, lobed leaves which have thorn-1ike projections. The plant is usually tipped by a couple of prickly, greenish bulbs from which a purplish, fragfant flower gror,rs. The roots and the peeled stems are edible either raw
or
cooked.
Wild Onion: The leaves are long, narro\^r, and nearly
ffi;Tar, ;bout ten ro rwenry iicte" high with a central stem ending in a cluster of rose-colored or white beIl-shaped flowers. There is a definite onion odor permeating the whole plant.
NUTS AND TREES
Maple: The leaves have three to five irregular, toothed lobes. The seeds are edible and are about an inch and a half long with t,wings." The inner bark may be ground for flour and the sweet sap can be boiled down into sugar or syrup. Fifteen quarts of sap will boil into eleven pounds of sugar. Between February and April bore a hole into the tree, then drive a metal or wooden spike in and hang a buc'ket from it. When sap drips into the bucket, then boil it down on a fire. Six pounds of sugar
pgr tree is average.
-1 19-
I
I
o
N)
SASSAFRAS
NETTLE Stinging reed
Spicy-smelling tre
Groud-slirging virE
PURIILANE
Purple trlowred wed
MAPLE aize tree
Mediu
PLANTAIN Broad-leaved wed
Oak: The leaves are oval-shaped with five to nine oblopg lobes and are attached to the stalk at the narrow end. They bear acorns as fruit. Wash the nut meats and taste them; if theyrre sweet they can be eaten raw, but if theyrre bitter then roast them or soak them overnight. They can aLso be ground into a course meal for bread. Pine: The ilChristmas tree". Many varieties of pine
G"
contain edible nuts within their cones. at"o inner bark which is edible when mashed into a pulp. The resinous sap of a few varieties is sugary and comes forth when the tree is injured or bored through. A11 green pine needles are high in Vitamin C which you need to prevent scurvy; eaE Lhem raw or boil them into a tea. Walnut-: Fifteen to seventeen alternate leaves will grow from a single stem, each leaf three to five inches long, sharp-pointed, with saw-toothed edges. Shel1 and eaE the rather large nuts. some have an
The following are some basic facts about food in the wilderness:
--Don't be fussy about strange foods. --Don't eat dead shellfish. --Evergreen needles. make a tea that is high in Vitamin C. Break needles to 1et sap out. --A11 fur-bearing animals are edible and beEter for you than plants a1one. --A11 types of seaweed are edible. --If you have only a little water, restrict your food intake to plants. --Unless you are an expert you should not eat mushrooms. They contain little food value to merit the risk of eating what could be fatal. --Snails are edible. Cook rhem by boiling. In some countries snails are considered a delicacy. --Do not eat any plant that has a super-bitter or extremely bad taste. --tr'rogs are good to eat but you need to skin them firs t . --Larvae and grubs may be eaten raw. Grasshoppers need to have wings, legs, and head removed before cooking. Same with crickets. Never eat -121-
hairy caterpillars. --You can eat all birds; just remove their feathers are edible too. and entrails. A11 birds' "gg" Cut off t*reir edible. are lizards and --Snakes heads and remove their entrails, then skin and cook.
--The inner bark of mosE trees may be eaten either
dried or cooked. --Rabbits do not have any fat on them, and if they are eaten without any carbohydrates (sugar or starch, which is found in all plants, as well as
animal fat), it will result in severe diarrhea, and evenEual death. So if rabbits are 3!L yo, have to eat, you would do better not to eat any-
thing at all.
-t22-
Weather
Always be aware of the weather condit.ions wherever you are at. The present and futurts weather in a survival situation will determine what you vrill have to do to survive and it will also determine if what you did was right or not. Never take for granted what the weather is nor,, or what it may do later. If you take care to watch the weather you should have enough rime to find or build suitable shelter, most of the time. Take time at home to waEch the weather report on television if you have one. You can study how cold and warm fronts move and how they are associated wittr trigtr and 1ow pressure areas. Different seasons have different weather patterns so keep track of how thig affects your area. Following are some tips and illustrations concerning weather. 1. Almost all wint.er storms in the northern hemisphere are proceeded by a south wind. 2. Cirrus clouds will usually proceed sLorm fronts. Expect a change in weather within two or three days. 3o Big black, fast moving clouds are indications of changing weather. 4. Thunder storms run from April to October in the south and from June until September in the
north. 5. Direction and distance of thunder storms can be determined by counting the number of seconds from a flash of lightning until you hear the thunder. (S seconds per mile). 6. During a thunderstorm, stay off of hil1s, ridges, and away from tall trees, wire fences, railroad tracks, metal pipes and out of water. 7. Donrt go to real low ground because of the danger of flash floods. 8. To avoid tornadoes, which mostly occur during April, May and June, stay in the valleys if you are in hilly region. If on flat ground, find a ditch, culvert or some kind of a depression. Move at right angles to the approach of the tornado while looking for shelter. -t23-
9. Cloud types:
Stratus--Low hanging, 1ong, stretched-out clouds that usually mean bad weather is coming soon.
Cumulus---Fluffy white clouds means fair weather for a short time, but often mean bad weather within
z-
Cirrus---High "wispy" clouds that indicate fair weather.
Nimbus---Low, dark, thunderstorm clouds Ehat heavy rain or snow.
-l2l+-
bring
on
I
I
N) \,
P
20
15
10
10
10
20
25
30
35
40
Additional Effect
Winds Above 40 Have Little
25
30
35
40
15
10
5
Calm
I{i nd Speed
AND
WIND CHILL CHART
30
Little
Danger
15 10
-30 -30 -35
-25 -25 -30
Within
t"tay
Freeze 1 Minute
)
0-5 -10 -t5 -20 -25 -2 -30 -40 -30 -35 -45 -35 -45 -50 -40 -50 -55 -40 -50 -60 -45 -55 -60
Increasing Danger (F1esh
-35
-25
-15
-30
-20
-10
5
-10
0
10
Equivalent Chi1l Temperature
20
20 15 105 0-5 0 -10 -10 -15 -10 -20 -10 -20 -15 -20
25
Temperature
-70
-65
-85
-80
-80
-75
-65
-25 -45 -60
-95
-90
-85
-80
-75
-65
-50
-30
Temp.tt
within 30
Seconds)
Great Danger Flesh May Freeze
-75
-75
-70
-65
-60 -65
-60
-50
-40
-20
-15
-50
-45
-30
-15
-10
Cooling Power of Wind as Expressed as ttEquival-ent Chil1
30 25 20 15 15 10 105 100 50 5-5 0-5
35
TEI.lPERATURE
10. l.Iays to sometimes tell the weather-a. Leaves of deciduous trees turning bot.tom side up, usually happens 12-24 hours before a storm. b. Watch for rain, when ants start building mounds or tiny dikes around their entrance tunnel. A11 activity will stop at least an hour before weather happens. c. Still mornings with lots of dew or frost usually means a clear day.
clothigg Your clothing should be carefully chosen to suiE the time of year at hand. Also you should have spare clothing in your survival gear such as extra socks, underwear, a pair of pants and a shirt if possible. Always carry exEra socks if you dontt carry anyEhing e1se. Clean, dry socks will relieve fatigue on your feet, prevent blisters and generally raise your morale in almost any situation. You should also try to keep your extra clothes in a plastic bag to prevent them from getting weE. (ttot Weather) A hat is a must to keep direct heat and sunlight. off the head. The hat should be a wide brim to protect the neck also. If any kind of hard work or extended travelling is t.o be done keep your clothes on. At first it may be hot, but as you begin to perspire and your clothes get wet, they will dissipate heat away from you longer than if you had removed your shirt or if you v/ere wearing shorts. Cotton clothes are best suited for hot weather because they are comfortable against the skin, plus they retain moist.ure longer, thereby making the most use of your body fluids in the cooling process. Wash or change your clothes often to prevent bacterial growth that could be harmful to the body or could rot your clothes prematurely. Shoes and socks should be kepE as clean and dry as possible. This will prevent blisters, athleters -t26-
foot, etc. If in wetter than normal terrain, a boot such as the U.S. Army tropical boot should be used. This boot has large drains on the sides of the boot plus has canvas uppers which dry out faster than the normal leather boots do. (Cota Weather) Cold weather is a more hazardous time of the year and more precaution should be taken concerning the type and amount of clothing one should lrear. Head gear should be woolen if possible and should have provisions for covering the ears and the neck. A11 clothing should be able to breathe but should be as wind resistant as possible. To get the most warmth out of your clothes, keep them dry. If you can stand it your underwear should be wool or 50/50 wool and cotton. It should be worn directly next to the skin. This stimulates the skin surface and causes the capillaries to carry more blood which in turn helps keep you warmer. Wool shirt and pants should be worn on top of this and then other layers of clothing added according to the temperature and wind present. Wool clothes will let your body moisture escape from your body but will hold your body heat in. Wearing your clothes in layers will permit you to remove or add clothing according to how much work you are doing to prevent too much sweating which could cause hypothermia if care is not taken. A heavy duty poncho or some other kind of rain gear should be carried in case of cold rain or a
wet
, i i I
snow.
Boot.s should fit loose enough to get two pair of socks on. The ones next to your feet should be woo1. They will convey persperation away from the skin which will help them to stay warmer. Most usually leather boots will be rvarmer than a rubber
boot wi1l, unless it is heavily insulated. This is caused by moisture not being able to escape avray from the skin. -t27 -
Heavy Duty Necessary Equipment for Survivalists: Military Poncho and Military Field Boots t$ks *qqll**a
.
j
-"
-
*
g$N$kxr**
_L28-
If your socks or any other clothes get hret, wring them out and put them next Eo your skin. This will keep them from freezing and will dry there also. Keep some kind of boot dressing available and keep boots well treated. If in the field and no commercial dressing is available, you can use animal fat rendered down or any thing that has an oily base that will shed water. Map and Compass Reading
A map is a reduced representation of a portion of the surface of the earth. There are several different kinds of maps such as: Road maps, county maps, and topographical maps. The topographical One map is the most useful to the survivalist. should buy maps that cover the area he is in and if he plans to leave, maps covering the route to the area he intends to go to, plus maps covering adjacent areas around where he intends to stay. Topographic maps are available in different scales, the larger the fraction of the scale, the larger and clearer the details shown on it, but the smaller the territory covered by the same size map sheet. A scale size of about L:24,000 is probably a good choice to begin with. The fracEion, 1: 24,000 or L/ 241000 means that one inch on the map equals 24,000 inches on the ground (or 2000 feet). A topographic map will give you a description, detai1s, directions, distances, and designations of the t.errain that the map covers. Contour lines make up the biggest part of the topographic map. Contour lines show the terrain of the land by either being real close to one another for steep areas or by spreading out for flat areas. Contour lines measure distance in elevation, and the distance between one contour line and Ehe one next to it is ca11ed the contour intervat. On most maps the contour int.erval is usually stated on the map and is expressed in feet.
-t29-
Compas ses
The Silva Exptorer 3---
Great all-purpose
com-
pass. FeaEures liquid fil1ed Eransparent housing. Base has a magnifying glass. Comes with inch and rnillimeter scale. Luminous point.s for night use. Comes with lanyard. 2 1/8" x 4".
These are the two main compasses that Lre recommend. Compasses should be
of excellent quality
and guaranteed by manufacturer.
G.I. Lensatic Compass--Induction.damped. Durable. Has both degree and Military scale.s. Phosphorescent markings, st.raight edge calibrated in meters, 1ensatic optical system;1ess than 2 degree error. Non-magnetic case in Olive Drab. 1.95r' x 2.16" x 1.06". !,Iith lanyard. Read up to 8 degret s t i1r.
-i30-
Compas s
st'am-Age
Oiraqt'ra.
Govtl Arra.r
Bosrddr fr\ogretic flcedle TOPOGMPHICAL MAP
I
N \
l0 I
1.50 20 FEEI' DATUM IS MEAN SEA LEVEL
CONTOUR INTERVAL
- 131-
When looking at a maP the top is aLways north, meaning that the bottom is south, the right is east, and Lhe left is west. On the bottom of the map you will find the scale, the contour interval, and the declination diagram. The declination diagram tel1s you how many degrees magnetic north is off of grid or maP north in an easterly or westerly direction. Magnetic north is the direction that your comPass always points to and grid north is the map direction toward the geographic North Pole.
Orienting Your Map To use your map in the field you must align it with the land. To do this you musE have a comPass, preferably one with a straight edge. Place the compass on one of the bottom corners with the straight edge lined up with the margin of the map. Now turn the map (wittr compass still on it) until the colored needle (usually red) points to N on your compass. Now Eurn your maP however many degrees east or lrest your declination diagram calls for and your map is oriented with the land Ehat iE corresponds to. Determining an Azimuth After studying the map and providing you know your present location on the map, the next tl'ring to do is to decide where you want Eo go. When youtve decided this, lift the compass and ptace the end of the straight edge that has the direction of travet arrow on your objective. Now place the edge of the other end on your present location. Do this without moving the map. Now turn the compass housing until N lines up with the north end of the compass needle again. Do not move the baseplate. When compass needle and N mark are aligned read the number of degrees the direction of traveL arrow is on. This will be your bearing or azimuth. If your azimuth was 1350, for exampler You would be going in a south-easterly direction. To return the same
-t32-
direction that you came from simply add or subtract 1800 from your original azimuth, depending on if you rrere going in an easterly or westerly direction. This is called a back azimuth. The back azimuth of a 1350 azimuth would be 1350 plus 1800, which would equal 3150, or a back azimuth of 3150 wouLd be 3150 - 18Oo = 1350. Following an Azimuth After determining your azimuth you must follow it across country. First study the map to see what type of terrain lies between you and your objective atong your azimuth. This will heLp to find yourself on the map again if you need to later. Now lift the compass from the map. Re-align the magnetic needle and N mark again. Now looking down the direction of travel arror{, find an easily distinguishable landmark that is on the same line that the arrow is. Now walk to Ehat landmark. Keep repeating this process and you wilL arrive at your objective. If you come to an obstacle in your path you must find a landmark on the other side still on your azimuth and then you must go around the obstacle then back to your landmark. Otherwise you will have altered your course. When studying your map you should be able to tell whether it would be easier to go in a straight line across country or to follow a ridge or valley or a road. Sometimes this is usually faster and easier and you can stitl keep track of your position on Ehe map if a different course is desired, If you do not have a map, a compass wil-l- only help you go in a straight line. Using the same method of aiming at, an object and going to it, you can travel towards distant sounds, houses, or other landmarks.
If you donrt have a compass, you can still travel in a straight l,ine, if it is a clear day or night. During the day you can use a sun compass. This is a simpte way of telling which direction north is and only takes about 10 to 15 minutes. -133-
To find direction, mark the tip of the shadow cast from a 3-foot stick stuck in Ehe ground. The stick may be inclined to obtain a more convenient
shadow length. Mark tip again after ten minutes. A straight line through the two marks is an eastwest 1ine, from which any desired direction of travel can be found by adding the other compass points to the line. To find the time of day, proceed as for direction, then draw a noon line at right angles Eo east-west line at any point. Move the stick to where these lines intersect, and set it vertically. The shadow is now an hour hand on your t'shadow clock.rr 6am is wesE and 6pm is east. In the example beLow the time is 9:30am.
'on^
i30ct"'
-r34-
At night time, in the northern hemisphere, the star Polaris shows where north is. To locate Polaris, find the Big Dipper (Ursa t"tajor). The two stars in the dipper farthest from the dipperrs handle point to Polaris. It will be about five times the distance, between the two poinEer stars, away.
Polon\s (rmth sloc)
.D ,".Q,
o
a
,,';30t"
a
,"ib9
Bto
,,i,oe
Dip Peo
a'?
a
/f/
, F*'z Y
- 135-
Knots When in a survival situation, there wi1-1- always be a need for some rope or string. To save time and maybe your life, practice tying these basic knots that may be needed some day.
Bowline---Used
for
making
a loop in the end of a line or for tying onto or around an object that will put a lot of strain on the rope. Unties easily.
Clove Hitch---Used for tying onto poles or slippery objects. Unties
easily.
Can be secured
wirh a half-hirch.
Half-Hitch---Used after another knot to secure it or can be doubled to
hold an object. hard to untie.
Somerimes
Square Knot---Used two ends of a rope
together.
-136-
to tie
Prussik Knot---Used for rope climbing or for providing a loop for securing a Load by means of a snap-link.
Butterfly Knot---Used for shortening a rope or for providing a loop to hook into.
&A
Double Carrick-Bend---Used to tie two rope ends together. This knot is the
strongest, having 7L7. ot the ropers strength.
Double SheeE-Bend---Used for tying two ropes of differenE sizes together.
-137-
Rappelling Rappelliirg is the term used to describe the act of descending down an obstacle by the means of a rope and a snaplink or a snaplink and a figure-8 ring. These obstacles are usually tal1 buildings or cliffs. There are various ways of rappel-ling such as all the different body rappells. Here, we are only going to cover two different methods: with a snaplink, and with a snaplink and a figure-8
ring.
Illustrated are two different ways of tying your seat using a rope or string. Either one is good so use the one Ehat is most comfortable for you.
hooK snoD-\inK Gcoufia \\rese lcopes
tre ends '\r\ q Stuose Knot
te
et &s\n o
S\uote Kno\
snop\inK thesi3 eo?e
hooK
qaound
-138-
When snaplink is hooked into seat-rope, the bar, or solid part of the snap-link should be on the side that your brake-hand is going to be. The gate, or the opening end of the snap-link should be on bottom, pointing towards your feet. When this is accomplished rotate snap-link 180o. Then loop the rappelling line thru the gate t\,so times, and rotate snapl-ink 1800 again. The gate should
be back on the bottom.
SrnpLrnk
no'pdti^g t(oPG
I\ I
t
t
il t1
Gde
\
'.t
.i-
l
This is the hook-up for rappelling with just the snap-1ink.
-139-
For rappelling with the snap-link/figure-8 riB, attach the snap-link to the seat rope in the same manner as before. Then take a bight in the rappelling rope and pass it through the large hol-e in the figure-eight ring. Then let the bight sett1e around the sma11 hole and the stem of the figure-eight ring.
*rGgge\\ing
ro?e.
tiguce,- e\1ht
t\nl ----? ste-m bcqY.e.
\ine-
Sd"
Seot f oPes
-r
After this is done, hook snap-link into smal1 hole and rotate till gate is on the bottom. Your rappelling rope should be a good quality nylon rope, that is in good shape. It could be any size from 3/8 of an inch in diameter to 7lL6 of an inch in diameter. Certain care should be taken in the treatment of this rope:
-140-
1. 2.
3. 4. 5.
Keep it cleanl never walk on your rope. Keep it dry. If it gets wet hang it out to where it \,rilL dry quickly. Protect it from riding on sharp edges while under a load. Provide a pad of some sort where it goes over the edge of a cliff or building. Inspect periodically for frays and either mend
by melting the fray back to the rope or if more serious, discard the rope. To store, coil neatly and keep it in a cool
place, out of the sunlight.
Before going over the edge you should find a solid object to tie off to. Be extremely careful noE to pick something that cannoE stand the strain. If possible tie your rope off higher than the edge you will be going over. This will help make it
less
going over the edge. Hook rappel-ling line into snap-link as explained beforehand. Now, the end of the rope that passes out of your snap-link and goes to the bottom is called the brake line. This should be grasped with one hand or the other and with the thumb and index finger side of the fist pointing forward in the same direction as your body is faci.,9. Now hold the brake 1ine, without turning your fist, in the small of your back. You should also have a glove on your brake-line hand. By pulling backward and tightening your grasp on the brake f.ine you will stop your descent. Loosening your grasp and the downward tension on the line will a1low you to descend. Before attempting to learn how to do this there should be a man below you with a good hold on the end of the rope (or brake line). This man is called a belay man. By pulling downward and tightening up on the rope the belay man can stop your descent. If you should slip or panic, the belay man can stop you and Iet you down easy. You can also let down unconcious people or gear in this fashion. cumbersome
-141-
Above: The rappelling rope in position around the crotch and waist. ReadY to go over' Below: The rappeller at this point is on his way down the building. Note that his left hand is not gripping the rope;his right hand behind him
is.
.'l
t;
.1' ,,>
The rappeller in position half-way down the tower.
Note that his jumps out from the building are about three feet.
-t43-
To go over the edge you have tension on the rappelling line (the part of the rope that is in front of you) and back up to the edge. Loosen your grip on the brake line and a11ow yourself to lean backwards over the edge. Keeping your legs straight
continue Eo lean backwards until you reach about a 45o ang1e. Keep teaning backwards but start walking backwards down the face below the edge. This will be the hardest part, and the belay man shouldbe ready in case of a slip. After a few t.imes, this wilL become easy and you will be able to go over Ehe edge without any problems. After you have descended far enough to al1ow the rappelling line to touch the protective pad on the edge, all of your weight will be supported from directly above you. You can now jump out from the building, loosen the tension on the brake line and you will drop until you tighten back up on the brake line. Do this in small amounts at first unEil you get accustomed to the feel of it. Your rope when tied to its anchor point and hanging freely over the edge should be about a foot off of the ground. Also you should always check for obstructions on the face or knots in the rope before descending. Never rappell alone unless you have to. If going down a cliff or other obstacle always let the most experienced man go first so that he can bglay the rest of the party. Most ropes come in 130-150 feet lengths. This means you can only go down 65-75 feet and stil1 get your rope back when you get to the bottom, This is done by running your rope around the anchor point and letting both ends hang equally down to
the bottom. This will require running both ropes through your snap-link or figure-8 ring. And it will only require one loop in the snap-link due to the increased friction. This should only be done after you are experienced at rappelling. NOTE: Seat rope should be 7/ 16 inch in diameter nylon rope. Also reppelling with just a snap-link builds up heat fast and care should be taken not to melt -L44-
through your seat running method.
rope.
The
-t45-
g-ring is a cooler
Chapter Five: FIRST-AID AND
NUCLEAR SURVIVAL
-r46-
FIRST-AID
Prevention
In a survival situation, cleanliness, proper nutrition, and proper clothing will prevent much of the problems for which first-aid treatment is the remedy. Cleanliness means bathing, if only wiping down with a wet cloth. Important areas to keep clean are the face, hands, underarms, crotch and feet. Soap can be concocted by mixing ash with animal fat. It is important to keep eating utensils clean and be sure of Ehe purity of your water source. Before applying first-aidr pray. B1
is ters
If you cantt walk and you have to, you may die. The simple blister can cause inconceivable pain, and lead to infection. The best time to deal with a blister is before it forms. At the first indiration of discomfort., stop and examine. Molefoam or mole skin is crucial to your survival kit. They can be purchased in the foot care center of your drugstore. Buy extra.
Bleeding Attempt to
raise the wounded area above the level' of the heart, if practical. Apply pressure to the wound with gauze, ctean cloth or sphagum moss. If bleeding persisEs, try to pinch together the edges of the wound, unless a physical obstruction bars this (wood, bullet, etc.). If this fails to stop the bleeding apply pressure to the pulse centers between the wound and heart. Pressure applied below the groin on the front inner half of the thigh will diminish bleeding in the 1eg beyond the pressure point. Pressure on the inner half of the arm midway between elbow and armpit, diminishes bleeding in the lower arm beyond the pressure point. Cayenne Pepper stops bleeding al-
most immediately.
-L47-
If the above methods are unsuccessful, a tournl-quet must be applied. Tourniquets are dangerous. They will prohibit the flow of blood beyond the poinE of application. If teft on, they will cause gangrene as the treated area will receive no flow of blood. Use only in extreme cases ! Once the flow of blood is stopped, the wound should be cleaned. A mild disinfectant should be used. Cleaning is important. Breathing Dif ficulties Seconds count! First, with a quick wipe of your finger, renove throat obstructions such as tongue, mucous, debris or dentures. If victim is breathing erratically, turn him on his stomach and tilt his head to one side so blood or secretions wonrt flow into air passages. If he is not breathing, 1ay him flat on his back and tilt his head backward to t'sword-swallower" position (important). Pinch nostrils shut, take a deep breath, place your mouth over the victimts and exhale deeply into his mouth. Watch for chest to rise, then take your mouth away. Watch to see chest fa11 and listen for a return rush of air. If there is none, tilt his head further and try again ti11 you get an air exchange. Do the first 6 inflations quickly, then decrease to 12 a minute for an adult and 20 for a chi1d. As the victim revives, adjust your breathing to his. If his mouth is injured, use mouth-to-nose method by placing your hand over this mouth and following the above procedure. Burns
The patient is first treated for pain, then shock, then for infection and then loss of bodily fluid. This is a potent.ial common injury if a nuclear war were waged. It is also very difficult in severe cases for non-specialized medical personnel to treat. Burns heal more quickly if exposed to air but this also increases the danger of infection. Serious burns should have no ointment on them. They may be dressed with CLEAN Teflon dressings. Keeping the dressings moist will add confort and aid in healing. No gauze for 2nd & 3rd degree burns should be left very long on the burn---it will grow into the scab. - 148-
intake of liquids for burn victims should increased. Mild burns have often been treated
The be
wi Eh honey as an unguent. Concus
s
ions
Symptoms: Skull fracture or other head injuries are accompanied by emission of vJatery blood from nose and ears, convulsion, and eyes failing to respond to light (pupils not dilating properly). Vomiring and headache will usually accompany these symptoms.
Treatment: Not much can really be done. I^Iatch and Keep victim warm and dry. Try not to 1et him go Eo sIeep. If he does, Ery waking him up every 15 to 30 minutes. Keep victim coherent and talking if pos s ible .
pray.
Fractures 'When medical help is not available, simple fractures should be set. Compound fractures, however, require medical knowledge. Before splinting the
fracture, treat other injuries in the vicinity of the break. Apply the splint only if you must move the patient. A broken bone can cause additional damage to skin and blood vessels if the injured area is moved, causing the broken pieces of bone to s1ip. After splinting or if foregoing the use of a splinE, apply cold Eo reduce swelling.
The broken meta1, limbs. Fro
s
principle of the splint is to immobilize the bone. Splints can be fashioned from pieces of sticks, tight rol1s of clothing and even other
tbi te
Areas most susceptible to frostbite include face, feet, hands, ears and nose. Symptoms begin with a discoloration of the skin, to the point that the skin has grey, waxy or chalking white spots. Blood vessels in bitten areas usually suffer permanenE damage. To treat, immerse frostbitten area in lukewarm vrater. Do not rub affected area or apply kerosene or rub with snow or ice or force off frozen shoes or mittens, nor exercise or flex frozen areas. Could cause tissue damage' -,,g-
Hypothermia
This condition is the loss of body heat. It can be caused by exposure to co1d, wind or r^rater. It does not have Eo be betow freezing for hypothermia to set in. Remember that water carries away heat faster than air does. Wool clothing helps prevent hypothermia. Symptoms of hypothermia are uncontrolled shiver-
irg,
of
drunkenness, and slurred speech. Since seventy percent of your body heat can escape from your head, head wear in cold weather is cru-
cial.
appearance
fluids are excellent for heating the body. hot liquids to those suffering from this condition as they have difficulty distinguishing temperatures and may scald themselves while swallowing. Warm
Never give
Heat-Related Medical Problems Exhaustion---Typical signs are headaehe, dizziness, confusion, drowsiness and weakness. Treat for shock and replace body salt and \,iraEer. Heat Stroke---Sudden collapse due to overheating of the body. Head covering is a help to light-complected individuals. Treat by immersing the body in water, fanning bare skin or wiping the body with a wet, cold rag, and then treating for shock. Cover with shade. Insects and Snake Bites Much misery can be spared by prevention. Watch where you place hands and feet. Blouse your pants legs inside your boots. Stroke out sleeping gear and shoes before you get into them. Do noE make violent or threatening motions around any insect or snake. Bees, wasps and snakes do not r^rant to bite, neither do they want to be scared or stepped upon. To treat a beesting, remove the stinger with a sterilirzed needle or knifeblade tip. Disinfect, then apply cotd t.o reduce swelling. To remove a tick, touch it with a hot match, gasoline, alcohol or insect repellant, as this will urge the tick to back out. If the head has been teft in the bite, minor surgery is required to remove it. Infection can often result from improper-treated tick bites. -150-
Mosquitoes do not like A or B complex vitamins. Consumption of the same is an effective means of lowering Ehe incidence or eliminating the bites of these obnoxious pests. Sulphur tablets repel insects also.'Snake bite: The grestest danger of snake bite is improper treatment. While a snake bite is likely to make you sick, it is unlikely ir will kill you. If cut.ting the wound open, the cuts should be no deeper than llg to 1/4 inch deep. Doctors say the worst things they see are deep jagged wounds from a misguided attempt to dig out poison.
Suction out the area of the bite. The best of this is the Cutter Snake Bite Kit which provides all components for treatment. Do not use a tourniquet thaE is too tight. It can cause total loss of circulation leading to problems far worse than the snake bite itself. Chi1l bite area if possible.
method
Shock
Symptoms: Paleness, trembling, sweating and
thirst. These symptoms are present to i" gl! first aid situations.
some degree
TreatmenLz Lay the victum down. Unless he has a head injury or breathing difficulty, raise his feet above his head. If he is unconscious, keep him on his be1ly to prevent choking. In all cases, keep him resting, warm (but not overheated or perspiring), and sheltered, and give him warm drinks. Spra.ins
Symptoms: Swelling and bruised area around
joint.
Treatment: Rest and elevate the sprained limb, it immobilized. Apply wet cloths or cold applications for the first 24 hours, then apply heat. If wrist or ankle has to be used, be sure to splint
keeping
it first.
- 151-
Pressure Points---These are the ofrfyZ pofnfin the body of practical use when applying pressure t.o stop the blood f1ow. Of course they are on both sides of the dody. Bleeding in leg---Pressure applied below groin on the front, inner half of thigh diminishes bleeding in leg beyond the pressure point. Bleeding in lower arm---Pressure
ffi--midwaybe-
tween elbow and grmpit---diminishes bleeding in lower arm beyond pressure point.
N €
Blisters---If you feel a blister ?oi'ffi*6n or find you already have one, herers what to do: Surround the swollen area or the already pierced and dressed bllster with adhesive straps as shown. Make sure that blister does not rub on boot. If you sprain your ankle and you are take your shoe off if you need to wa1k. Place banda.ge under shoe just in front of heel. Bring bandage from instep and acfoss the ends of the hee1. Then cross the ends over the ankle and loop each end through itself. Pull the ends out and toward you to achieve Ehe desired tension. Cross the ends around front and tie knot. But be careful---Do not get too tight. Note: trf shoe is hightopped, loosen the laces to a1low for swelling. Mouth to Mouth Respiration---Head tilted back so chin jutts out. Pinch nostrils. On a baby place your mouth over both their nose and mouth. -152-
Pressure Banjlage---Apply pressure at once. I'{ay have to use bare hand
&
be brought to use. Use fingers to pinch wound together. After bleeding has been controlled, apply more cloth and bandage snugly. Do not remove dressing; if bleeding continues, apply more cloth and tighten
ffi
larbone Broken---Triangular is needed. Narrow ffi band placed over injured arm and around chest and tied in back. Upper Arm---Splint should be slightly longer than distance from shoulder to elbow. Hold arm against body with narrow band tied behind back. Narrow sling tied behind neck.
ffi
at first until effective cloth
can
bandage. Co1
Forearm or I^Irist---Splint reaches ffig".tip.. Be sure thumb is up. After splint is on, rest arm on a support and tie narrow sling behind neck. Raise arm till hand is a couple of inches
higher than the elbow. Tourniquet---Wrap 2" wide band twice around 1imb. Tie halfknot. Apply tourniquet ONLY if bleeding cannot be stopped by some other way. Twist stick til1 bleeding sEops. Tie stick to limb to keep tourniquet frOrn slipping. Loosen every 15 minutes to see if bleeding has stopped. Limb might be savsd that way. Thigh---Use 2 splints; one outside from heel to armpit, oue inside from heel to crotch. Tie 4 binders around 1eg and 3 around outside splint and the upper body. -153-
(Object Embedded in Flesh) Cut awayanyclothing. Donrt touch the wound with your fingers. Sterilize the tip of a knife or a needle with fire before picking out the foreign object (buIlet, wood, etc.) wittr Ehe point. Don't pour iodine into the wound. Wash the area around ffiff,'e lhe wound with soap and water, taking Let the wound gg3g from the wound, EE toward it. ".re dry in the air, then apply as sterile a dressing as
I^lounds
possible---but not too tight. Be careful to avoid veins and arteries. In the case of a sucking chest wound, the critical matter is to close the wound. This type of wound exposes the lungs to the outer atmosphere. Since the vacuum principle exists in the lungs, they collapse, halting breathing. The wound must be closed even if it means stuffing a rag into the wound. Childbirth & Delivery Atways stay calm, as the mother may reflect any nervousness on your part. Any tension or straining will work against her invotuntary muscles and cause unnecessary pain. She should not try to hurry the delivery along. Let the moEher sleep as long as she can, as it is noE good for her to lie awake and grow anxious. If she cannot sleep, let, her waLk around until the contractions get too intense, and then lay her down on a firm mattress. She does not have to lie f1at, but will probably prefer to lie in a more upright position with something to support her back. Her legs should be spread and bent, supported by a pillow or rolled towe1, etc., so that her legs will be relaxed.
-154-
The mother can help herself a great deal by focusing her attention on controlling a slow chest breathing, making it more rapid and shallow as the contractions become stronger. She should resisC the urge to push by blowing out conrinuousry tfrffiEffi the length of the contraction. While in hard labor, she may forget to breathe, in which case, the midwife or helper should remind her with a strongr €ocouraging command to I'blow". It is important for her to stay relaxed and al1ow her body to do the work on its own. She should also be reminded to take in oxygen to prevent hyperventilation. To help muscles re1ax, apply hot towels Lo the vaginal area between contracLions until the baby's head begins to show---then discontinue using them. Be sure that everything is as sterile as possible, keeping the area under the mother as clean as you can. A1so, if it is certain that there will be no help from a doctor or hospital, you should go ahead and prepare all of the supplies needed for the birth. In a small, covered basin, boil either scissors or knife, and shoe strings or crochet thread for about five minutes. After draining the water off, keep them covered while cooling. Keep your hands clean! The baby's head is usually born first, after several possible I'bobbings" with the body following easiLy during the next contraction. Once the head is out, do not get upset or overanxious. It should be lightly supported with your hand, making surc there is a sterile pad underneath to prevent. the babyt s head from lying in the fluid. If necessary, you can begin suctioning the mouth and nose with a syringe to remove excess mucous. You shouLd not push or pu1I Ehe babyrs body; rather, just support it as it forces itself free.
Placenta Spine
-155-
Rect.um
Lift the baby by his feet, resting his shoulders in your other hand as a precaution against dropping him. This is to drain some of the fluid and mucous out of his lungs and passageways. If he still does nof cry and start breathing, suck the fluid out of his mouth and nose with an infant syringe if one is available. If one is not available, use your mouth to draw it out and open the channels. If these efforts do not produce breathing, use artificial respiration. Do not bother the cord. Gently place the baby on motherrs abdomen with his head lowered, facing away from mother to allow fluids to continue draining. Keep baby warm by covering with a sterile Eowel, blanket, c1oth, etc.
not \^rorry about the cord; there is no hurry. ALL. At this time, the baby will receive 200 cc's of blood through the cord. After abouE five minutes, when the pulse in the cord has stopped and the cord is blue and co1d, prepare to cut the cord. Remember---use sterilized equipment ! ! Use something sErong (shoestring, crochet thread, etc.) to tie the cord about 1" from the babyrs navel, making a strong knot, so that it doesntt slip. Then make a second tie about 12" from the first tie, or 24,, from the baby, and cut between the two ties. Do
DO NOT PULL THE CORD AT
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Now baby may be removed from off the motherts abdomen. Place a sterile dressing over the cord stump, and tie a wide piece of cloth around his st.omach to hold Ehe dressing in place. Keep the baby warm! The mother may push with any contractions following the birth of the baby, to help expel the placenta (or afterbirth). It is usually out within 5-30 minutes, and then the mother may get cleaned up. DO NOT PULL THE CORD---the afterbireh will come out by itself! The abdomen can be massaged aftel the placenta is expelled to help the uterus to contracL.
We remind you that these instructions are only the very basic steps for emergency situations. It would be wise to check into further information, just to be familiar with ways to handle complications.
-t57-
Preferential Treatment of Injured In the case of a serious national or local emergency, the pocential for injured and dying is staggering. Terrible choices may have tobe made. The injuries which are certain to produce a fatality should be left unattended so that treatment may be first administered to those to whom immediate attention will offer a certainty of recovery. The nexE to be Ereated will be the minor injuries. You may think there is nothing fair about this order. There is nothing else to do. A Final Note Jesus Christ is the divine healer. Put your mind on Him whether you are the one injured or the one administering aid. Healing Scriptures "Have mercy upon me, O Lord; for I am weak; O Lord, heal me; for my bones are vexed.t' Psalms 6:2 "Bless theLord, O my soul, and forget not all his benefits; tlho forgiveth all thine iniquitiesl who healeth all thy diseases." Psalms 103: 2,3 "But he was wounded for our transgressions, he was bruised for our iniquities: the chastisement of our peace was upon him; and with his sEripes r,re are
healed." Isaiah 53:5 "Heal me, O Lord, and I shall be healed; save me, and I shall be saved: for thou art my praise." Jeremiah 17:14
"But unto you that fear my name shall the Sun of righteousness arise with healing in his wings; and ye shall go forth, and grow up as calves of the stall.r' Malachi 4:2
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ttAnd Jesus went about
all Galilee, teaching in their
synagogues, and preaching the gospel of the kingdom, and healing all manner of sickness and all manner of disease among the peop1e." Matthew 4:23
"And Jesus went about all the cities and vi11ages, teaching in their synagogues, and preaching Ehe gospel of the kingdom, and healing every sickness and every disease among the people. But when he saw the multitudes, he was moved with compassion on them, because they fainted, and were scattered abroad, as sheep having no shepherd." Matthew 9:35,36 "Be1oved, I wish above all things that thou mayest prosper and be in health, even as thy soul prospereth.rl III John 1:2
-1 59-
NUCLEAR SURVIVAL
If nuclear war were not survivable, this section would not be included. The 'ron the beach" syndrome is
a lie. However it is not within the scope of this book to discuss the reasons but a selection of detailed sources will provide further reading. There are five effects from a nuclear detonation that concern us. These are blast shock wave, thermal pulse, initial radiation, residual radiation and EMP. Each of these factors is variable in intensity due to blast size, point of detonation, geographical features of the area, your distance from the blast, weather and your amount of knowledge and preparations. There are no set rules for nuclear survival t.hat apply to each location as there are too many variables and componenEs. We urge you Eo undertake fo11ow up study on this subject to insure your safety. Thermal Pulse Thermal pulse is the first effect of a nuclear detonation. It is the heat energy released in the explosion and also the blinding light. It is possible for this heat energy to cause fires as far as forty miles from the point of detonation. Whatever you po, DO NOT look towards the blast! If nuclear war breaks you will have enough problems I^rithout permanent or""t,temporary blindness. A megaton yield bomb releases its thermal pulse over a period from five to twenty seconds. Although seemingly but a short period, this is ample time to reach expedienE shelter. Cover in this case could be a ditch,'the unexposed side of a house, diving behind a desk. Use the principle of expedient cover. If no
other option is available, hit the dirt. Thermal pulse can create fire storms. A fire st.orm is the result of numerous sma11 fires joining into one. A firestorm feeds on the oxygen in the air and in effect creates a massive blast furnace. It is possible to die in a secure shelter if too near the -160-
detonation as the oxygen will be removed and noxious fumes created,
I^lithout trying to sound redundant, r^re again urge you to flee the cities. In Hiroshima, only three of forty-five hospitals survived the blast and ensuing fire storm. The survivors of a devastated city will know the meaning of "He1l on Earth.r' Over one hundred thousand men, women and children died in the firestorm created by the incendiary bombing of Dresden, Germany in Ehe second World War, a
holocaus E seldom mentioned.
Since white is a heat reftectant co1or, note that white painted houses are far less 1ike1y to burst into flames Ehan darker colors which absorb heat. Thermal pulse is also capable of creating forest fires, another reason to clear land around your shetter or retreat of brush and flamable materials.
Blast (Shock)
hlave
An awesome effect of the detonation will be the blast wave, which is capable of crushing buildings and hurtling huge amounts of debris before it. This debris which will include many jagged objects such as glass and metal shards is a real danger. It is crucial that you do not remain standing in the face of this wind. Seek cover. Lie prone. Conceal yourself behind or under bulky furniture. If you were gazing out the window when the blast wave hit, rhe window, being blown inward, could literal ly cut you to
ribbons.
This shock wave can move faster than the speed of sound. Within 8.5 miles of a one megaton blast, window glass can gain sufficient force to penetraEe the body. Initial
Radiation According to Dr. Bruce Clayton, writing in Li fe AfEer Doomsdav, there is no need to worry about rhl; effect. If you are close enough to be killed by initial radiation, thermal pulse and blast wave will get you anyways. Very little of the bomb's radiation wi1 1be
released in this
manner.
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Residual Radiation (Fallout) There are several things we will discuss here about fallout. More facts will be related in the next section on protection. Shoutrd nuclear detonations occur in the air, far less fallout will come down. Fallout is the name given to pieces of dirt that are sucked up into the radioactive cloud. If a bomb is air detonated far less particles of dirt and debris are swept into the cloud. In a sense air detonated nuclear weapons are preferable to ground blasts, aE least to the survivors.
Shielding & Shelter Shielding is crucial if you \.rant to be a survivor. It is the method of protecEion from the effects of nuclear detonations. There are three tyPes of shielding. First, we will discuss geometric shielding. WhaE this involves is the distance between you and the radioactivity. To take advantage of this type of shieldirg, it is crucial to remove yourself from nearness to
target areas.
in his classic work, Better the following list of potenEEf targets. They include any city over 50'000 in population, missle silos, military command centers, bases or installationsr atrY military supply depots, military airfields, sPace centers, miliEary communication cenEers, satellites, civilian industrial centers used for the production of military weaPonry, radar stations, all large civilian airports where military aircraft could 1and, naval submarine ports, ports of nuclear armed aircrafE ships, dams, satellite ground stationsr any geographic defensive stonghold, underground bunkers, all large major industrial plants, large fuel storage facilities, large loading docks' Polver plants. Neimanrs book also contains detailed maps of high risk areas in the U.S. Time shielding takes into account the short shelf life of most fallout. However, it is now impossible to pin point how much radiation will land or where it will concentrate. Variables include blast size, wind Author Thomas F. Neiman Read than Dead, has provided
-t62-
direction and speed, weather conditions, number of explosions, point of det.onation. It is crucial that you are able to find shelLer for a safe period. In certain places it may only require a few days before you can venture out, even if only for a brief period. In others it may take weeks. To even consider venturing ouEside, it would be necessary Eo have two things, protective clothing and monitoring devices for radiation. A protective suit can be fashioned from plastic bags over underclothing. Cover shoes also. A respirator (air mask) must be able to filter out particles and dangerous gases. If military surplus gas masks are used, extra filters should be purchased. I^Ihile most masks will protect against tear gas or riot control agent.s, there are special filrers required to stop many chemical or nerve agents.
Density shielding is the use of materials as a buffer or barricade between you and the radiation. In a preplanned shelter, the best items you could use as a buffer against radiation are steel and concrete. Earth can also be an effective buffer. An ideal shelter could use as much as thirty inches of earth, or twenty inches of concrete or seven inches of steel-. If a shelter is constructed of dense and heavy material, it should be braced securely. To provide air, a ventilation system rnust be established. Long Survival ?ublications can supply plans for an effective filtering system. An expedient shelter can be built in the basement of a house. In the room overhead, pile furniture, books, boxes of earth or spread the dirt directly on t.he floor. In the basement, build a makeshift cubicle out of furniture, boards, under a study work table, tool table or other stable object. While this will noE be as efficient, as a preplanned shelt,er, it could save your life. Newspapers or canned goods will also prove useful as shielding material. The idea is to form a nat.ural cave--place plastic or canvas over it. If trapped outside, away from an existing shelt.er, as likely many shal1 be, you must either find or construct one. It will Eake some time after the explosion, at least fifteen minuEes, before it begins to fallout. -163-
The ideal thing to do is to find an abandoned building and occupy. Since you have tools and a survival kit in your trunk, if you have followed our advice, You will not have to waste time. A crowbar would be a very useful tool to entry a building. You should have some sort of shovel. A hubcap from a car could work as an improvised entrenching too1. Dig a trench and cover with boards and dirt. Use plastic, tarp, vinyl to cover so that rain will not wash your dirE away. A car could also be driven over Lhe trench, then the inside fi11ed with it and also dirt piled around it. In a cityr you could seek shelter in the sewer system or flee the city in this manner. Sewers can be tlangerous due to poison gases and vermin. The crucial thing is that you act. You will be far better off, if you plan and prePare beforehand. Prep{re an inhome shelter and sEock it. If caught unawareq, act decisively. Hesitation can only result in danger and/or death. Seek Ehe Lord and ask for his protectlcn and guidance all the while going about your business. the f,ollowing four books are recommended for follow-up r:eading on the subject of nuclear survival. Better Read Than Dead---T.L. Nieman Life After Doomsday---Dr. Bruce Clayton Both available from Paladin Press, P.O. Box 1307, Boulder, Co1' 80306. Nuclear WAr Survival---Duncan Long Long Survival Publications, Box 163 Wamego,
Ks.
66547
Surviving Doomsday---De1ta Press, P.O, Box 777,
Mt. Ida, Ark.
-L64-
7L057
RELATIVE PROTECTION OF VARIOUS MATERIALS PERCENI OF OUISIDE RADIATION AD,TAIIIED
Glass
Wood
997"+
Sheathing
662
Brick Veneer Wall 18 Inches
of
25 Inches
of Earth
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50%
Concrete
L%
l%
lncrcor thickness of thclfcr
Improvising fallout prot€ction basement, using a workbench,
i-n a
%TJ3
PermaDent block ehelter in prime basemont location. Possible improvemeDta erlo not€d.
mll focing cxposcd bosmcnt mll by four incher
Plec cntmccmy
on
side or cnd rct foc ing expo*d bosenent woll
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IMPROVISED FALLOUT SHELTER
PRE-NUCLEAR WAR CHECKLIST
1)
2)
3) 4)
Flammable brush; grass, weeds, etc., moved away from your house. A11 tanks, tubs, bowls and containers fiLled
with water.
electricity (except any which may go to your shelter), and water supply to house turned off. If weather may be freezing, all water drained
Gas,
from pipes.
s) 6) 7)
8)
If fallout shelter is in the house and time permits, place dirt in rooms over the fallout shelter and around foundation of the house. Doors, windows and storage containers in the house are sealed with tape if blast damage to the house is not expected to be too greaE. Door to shelter and air vents are sealed airtight if ground zero is expected to be close or if a fire has broken out outside the shelter. Everyone is in the shelter, seated, and away from the walls (until after the nuclear explosions are over). DECONTAI"IINATION PROCEDURE
S
Fallout will tend to collect on flat surfaces like snow. It will be washed by rain so that higher concentrations may be deposited in lower stretches of ground. 1) Wash contaminated area if r^rater is available. DeEergent will aid removal. 2) Remove top layer of earth or cover with a layer of uncontaminated earth (half-value layer figures for earth can be used in computations). Moving contaminated earth from area will reduce radiation through geometric shielding. 3) Bury contaminated rugs, clothing, curtains, etc., in an area downhill and well away from water and may blow and drift
4)
supply. Laundering, vacuum cleaning, etc. rnight work along with time to deconEaminate many items and areas but careful checking and rechecking must be done
with radiation detection equipment. -167 -
DECONTAI'IINATION OF EXCURSION GROUP RE-ENTERING SHELTER
1)
2) 3)
4)
s)
6) 7)
WHEN
Brush loose dust and particles from clothing and shoes outside Ehe shelter. Enter outside shelEer area again, brushing off clothes. Remove tape around wrists and ankles, remove coveratts, outerclothing, hat, boots and place in waiting area; check later for contamination. Remove dust mask, then gloves, holding breath during the process. Leave mask and gloves in waiting area and check later for contamination. Wash hands in cold water. Clean fingernails careful 1y . Take a cold shower. Use soap or detergent on skin. Have someone with radiation meEer check those ent.ering for contamination.
EMP---(Electron I'Iagnetic Pulse ) EMP would be the result of an air detonation at high altitude. Its effect is to create a high energy pulse that will destroy electrical equipment. This includes such items as airplane panels, car electrical systems, telephone systems. The Red Pigs will no doubt throw this against us as lre will against them seeking to destroy each oEhersl communications networks, creating chaos and disorder at least among the general populace. Damage to equipment can be lessened or avoided by simply unplugging the quipment. EMP can cause a current of electicity to flow on any large metal object. EMP travels at the speed of light and high altitude detonation over the Central U.S. with a single large bomb could wipeout major communication networks in the entire country!
-168-
Chapter Six:
A
FINAL
-t69-
Opening the Prison
into the fut,ure. The just Communist rule or come under country has government is roundThe new Law. Martial under patriots, youth, and Christians and ing up all placing them in prison and work camPs, accusing them of being the red radicals of the revolution. You or some other innocent member of your family Letrs project a little
has come under suspicion. To stay free you must survey your circumstances and come up with a plan to: 1) Avoid capture; 2) Meet your water, food and shelter requirements; 3) Decide whether you want to try to reach other friends or hide out in the wilds til1 the worst
part of the trouble
passes.
Think seriousty before you ever decide to give yourself up to the enemy. Jesus l{imself fled several times when His enemies were looking for him and He told us as His disciples, ttWhen they persecute you in one city, flee ye into another.tt doenrt necessarily mean you are a hero or a coward, but it can be avoided most of the time if you will do everything you can to evade the capture. here are some A" r@, general rules to abide by: 1. Avoid well traveled roads and populated areas--past experience has shown that most evaders were captured because they chose the easiest or the shortest route. 2. The fact that you reach your objective is what you should base your success on and not speed. 3. Always use the concealment afforded by night, Remember, imprisonment
woods, or terrain. 4. Avoid seeking refuge in abandoned houses, farms, barns, etc., as these will surely be subject to search, especially if they think you are in the vicinity. 5. Dontt be conspicuousl adopt the aEtire accePtable to Lhe area you are in. _I70_
6.
7.
8.
If you are going to use a ruse, there
musE
be
a
one hundred percent effort on your part. You may have the perfect disguise but one wrong look
or a too hasty step is all i.t takes to give it all away. Never mark your maps; if captured, this could jeopardize the people at the LocaEions marked. If interrogated by the police: Be polite; be silent. The less you talk the better off you will be. Do not be drawn into conversat,ion. Whatever you say can hurt you and any companions. Interrogators often do not care for the truth. Your words can be twisted and used to frame you if distorted or taken out of context. Be silent.
Plan of Action Inunediately After Capture: 1. The best time to escape is inunediately after the capture. At this point you will usually be in transit and not inside a securely locked, well guarded prison. 2. Watch out at all times for any possible escape situation, as each one may be your last! It is much easier to jump out of a slow moving truck or Erain than over a 20 foot prison wall. 3. You must not only plan your escape, but also your means of evasion after escape. Confinement
i
Rules to fo11ow in your personal life are: 1. Donrt feel sorry for yourself. 2. Exercise leadership by helping those weaker than yourself, keeping morale, and improving Eheir living conditions. 3. DonrE yield to your fears or tell them to others.
4. Keep your sense of humor. 5. If someLhing is edible, Ehen eat it. 6. Be a good example; even a vioLent prison guard might be won by a good example.
7. If there are other Christian brothers imprisoned with you, esEablish a strong chain of conunand that provides leadership, discipline, and unity of effort -17r-
8. Health, seLf-discipLine, and Prayer should be maintained at a high level to survive, resist brainwashing, and to plan an escaPe.
-L72-
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