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The Complete Guide to
PLUMBING Updated 6th Edition
Current with 2015-2018 Plumbing Codes
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First published in 2015 by Cool Springs Press, an imprint of Quarto Publishing Group USA Inc., 400 First Avenue North, Suite 400, Minneapolis, MN 55401 USA © 2015 Quarto Publishing Group USA Inc. Text © 2003, additional text © 2015
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Acquisitions Editor: Mark Johanson Design Manager: Brad Springer Layout: Danielle Smith-Boldt Technical Reviewer: Bruce Barker
Photography: Rau + Barber Photo Assistance: Brad Holden, Alexandra Burniece, N
All rights reserved. With the exception of quoting brief passages for the purposes of review, no part of this publication may be r eproduced without prior written permission from the Publisher. The information in this book is true and complete to the best of our knowledge. All recommendations are made without any guarantee on the part of the author or P ublisher ublisher,, who also disclaims any liability incurred in connection with the use of this data or specific details. Cool Springs Press titles are also available at discounts in bulk quantity for industrial or sales-promotional use. For details write to Special Sales Manager at Quarto Publishing Group USA Inc., 400 First Avenue North, Suite 400, Minneapolis, MN 55401 USA. To find out more about our books, visit us online at www.coolspringspress.com. Digital edition: 978-1-62788-652-9 Softcover edition: 978-1-59186-636-7
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Contents The Complete Guide to Plumbing
22
Introduction
7
The Home Plumbing System
8
Shutting Off the Water
12
INSTALLING FIXTURES & FAUCETS
15
Toilets
16
Kitchen Faucets
22
Kitchen Drains & Traps
28
Dishwashers
32
Food Disposers
36
Water Heaters
42
Bathroom Faucets
54
Shower Kits
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Custom Shower Bases
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Wet Rooms & Curbless Showers
78
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Contents
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(Cont.)
Hot Water Dispenser
124
Icemakers
128
Pot Filler
134
Reverse-Osmosis Water Filters
136
Frost-proof Sillcocks
142
Pedestal Sinks
146
Wall-Hung Vanities
148
Vessel Sinks
150
Kitchen Sinks
164
Standpipe Drains
166
INSTALLING PLUMBING LINES
171
Installation Basics
172
Planning Plumbing Routes
176
PLUMBING REPAIRS
189
Common Toilet Problems
190
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Toilet Drain Lines
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Tubs & Showers
238
Sink Drains
242
Branch & Main Drains
244
Supply Pipes
248
Noisy Pipes
250
PLUMBING TOOLS, MATERIALS & SKILLS
253
Plumbing Tools
254
Plumbing Materials
258
Copper
260
Rigid Plastic Pipe
268
You're Reading a Preview Working with Outdoor Flexible Plastic Pipe
272
Cross-Linked Polyethylene (PEX)
274
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Cast Iron
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Shutoff Valves
290
Valves & Hose Bibs
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Pipe Fittings
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Introduction P
lumbing is a large and varied DIY category. As you explore it, you’ll find that the tasks you encounter can differ in difficulty, just as taking a pop quiz in math from getting a PhD in physics. Fixing that drip in your sink drain might be as simple tightening the compression nut on your P-trap: about a ten-second job. But running lines for that extra bathroom you’ve been wanting in the basement? You’re looking a jackhammers, dumpsters, multiple inspections, and many weeks of hard labor. But variable as the jobs we lump into the “plumbing” category are, they have one impor You're Reading a Preview thing in common: doing the job yourself can save you a ton of money. Unlock full access with a free trial.
The key to doing the work yourself is twofold: you important. Your municipal building departmen need ambition, and you need good information. The not have adopted the changes yet, but we thin Download With Free Trial ambition is pretty much up to each homeowner, but should. When it comes to the safety of your fam when it comes to information, we’re here to help. For we always urge you to fall on the side of “code more than a decade, BLACK+DECKER The Complete It isn’t codes alone that prompt us to make Guide to Plumbing has been the leading plumbing sure our DIY books stay as current as possible manual for do-it-yourselfers. Now in its updated 6th also convenience. Every year, manufacturers a toolmakers come out with new products and edition and boasting one million copies sold, it is Read Free For 30 Days Sign up to vote on thisfor titlethe home DIY the clearest and most complete plumbing book you that are specifically designed can own. From its easy-to-understand explanations Some are better than others, but we watch the Useful Not useful Cancel anytime. closely, and when we see a better way to acco of how works to its clear howSpecial offer for modern students:plumbing Only $4.99/month. to photos of the most common home plumbing your goal with a greater likelihood of success,
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The Home Plumbing System B
ecause most of a plumbing system is hidden inside walls and floors, it may seem to be a complex maze of pipes and fittings. But spend a few minutes with us and you’ll gain a basic understanding of your system. Understanding how home plumbing works is an important first step toward doing routine maintenance and money-saving repairs. A typical home plumbing system includes three basic parts: a water supply system, a fixture and appliance set, and a drain system. These three parts can be seen clearly in the photograph of the cut-away house on the opposite page. Fresh water enters a home through a main supply line (1). This fresh water source is provided by either a municipal water company or a private underground well. If the source is a municipal sup plier, the water passes through a meter (2) that registers the amount of water used. A family of four uses about 400 gallons of water day. a Preview You'reeach Reading Immediately after the main supply enters the house, a branch line Unlock access with a freeheater, trial. splits off (3) and is joined to a water heater (4).full From the water a hot water line runs parallel to the cold water line to bring the water Download WithFixtures Free Trial supply to fixtures and appliances throughout the house. include sinks, bathtubs, showers, and laundry tubs. Appliances include water heaters, dishwashers, clothes washers, and water softeners. Toilets and exterior sillcocks are examples of fixtures that require only a cold water line. The water supply to fixtures and appliances is controlled with faucets and valves. Faucets and valves have moving parts and seals that Read Free Foron 30this Days Sign up to vote title eventually may wear out or break, but they are easily repaired or replaced. Useful Not useful Waste water then enters the drain system. It first must flowpast aCancel anytime. Special offer for students: Only drain trap (5), a $4.99/month. U-shaped piece of pipe that holds standing water and prevents sewer gases from entering the home. Every fixture must ha
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(7) Roof vent
(8) Drainage stack and vent
(6) Vent pipe
(5)(5) Trap
You're Reading a Preview (4) Water heater
Unlock full access with a free trial.
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Water Supply System Water supply pipes carry hot and cold water throughout a house. In homes built before 1960, the original supply pipes were usually made of galvanized steel. Newer homes have supply pipes made of copper. Beginning in the 1980s, supply pipes made of rigid CPVC plastic became more commonplace, and the more recent plumbing innovations find PEX pipe widely used and accepted. Water supply pipes are made to withstand the high pressures of the water supply system. They have small diameters, usually ½" to 1", and are joined with strong, watertight fittings. The hot and cold lines run in tandem to all parts of the house. Usually, the supply pipes run inside wall cavities or are strapped to the undersides of floor joists. Hot and cold water supply pipes are connected to fixtures or appliances. Fixtures include sinks, tubs, and showers. Some fixtures, such as toilets or hose
bibs, are supplied only by cold water. App include dishwashers and clothes washers. refrigerator icemaker uses only cold water. says that hot water supply pipes and fauce are found on the left-hand side of a fixture water on the right. Because it is pressurized, the water sup is occasionally prone to leaks. This is espe of galvanized iron pipe, which has limited to corrosion. For some houses in older neighborhood supply line running from the street to the h made of lead; this once posed a health haza however, municipalities with lead pipes oft trace amount of phosphate to the water, w the inside of the pipes and virtually elimina of lead into the water. If you are concerned in your water, check with your local water s
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Drain-Waste-Vent System Drain pipes use gravity to carry waste water away from fixtures, appliances, and other drain openings. This waste water is carried out of the house to a municipal sewer system or septic tank. Newer drain pipes are plastic. In an older home, drain pipes may be cast iron, galvanized steel, copper, or lead. Because they are not part of the supply system, lead drain pipes pose no health hazard. However, lead pipes are no longer manufactured for home plumbing systems. Drain pipes have diameters ranging from 1¼" to 4". These large diameters allow waste to pass through efficiently. Traps are an important part of the drain system. These curved sections of drain pipe hold standing
water, and they are usually found immediately a the drain tailpiece in the drain opening. The sta water of a trap prevents sewer gases from backi up into the home. Each time a drain is used, the standing trap water is flushed away and is repla new water. In order to work properly, the drain system requires air. Air allows waste water to flow freel down drain pipes. To allow air into the drain system, drain pipe are connected to vent pipes. All drain systems m include vents, and the entire system is called drain-waste-vent (DWV) system. One or more v located on the roof, provide the air needed for t DWV system to work.
Vent Vent lines
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Some ou require a specia referred Keep yo easy rea of an em turn off, over the rotate on turn, so is at a ri the pipe main sh below is of a shu requires lack a k valve ca turned w or chann
Shutting Off the Water
I
n case an emergency requires you to replace or repair a faucet, fixture, or appliance, knowing how to shut off the water is imperative. The photos on this page show the most common types of shutoffs. If you don’t feel completely confident about finding your home’s shutoff points or how to turn them off, contact your local water company for information. There are two basic types of valves, which shut off in two different ways. To turn off many older valves, rotate the handle clockwise (remember “lefty loosey; righty tighty”) until it stops. To turn off many newer valves, rotate the handle one-quarter turn only. An outdoor main shutoff may be as simple as an exposed valve that you turn by hand. Or it may be buried in a housing that is sometimes called a Buffalo box. In this example, both the meter and the main shutoff are housed in the Buffalo box; in other cases, the meter is located inside the house.
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Partial-house shutoffs are often found in medium- to large-size Fixture shutoff valves, also called stop valves, control w homes. They control water flow to large areas of the house. to a specific faucet, toilet, or fixture. They are also usu They are found in pairs, one for hot and one for cold water. found in pairs, one for hot and one for cold. However, Turning off a pair of these may shut off water to a floor or to Reading icemakers, and other cold-water-only fixtures will have You're a Preview an entire bathroom or kitchen. one stop valve. If you live in an older home that lacks s Unlock full access with ait’s free trial. idea to install them. valves, a good
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Installing Fixture & Faucets A
lthough it might be a bit of a stretch to refer any aspect of plumbing as glamorous or fun installing fixtures like sinks and showers is the h of the plumbing pursuit. It is the aspect of plum we naturally think of first, and in many cases payoff is almost instantaneous. In this section you will find photos and stepinstructions for the plumbing fixture installation as a ado-it-yourselfer, are most likely to attempt. T You're Reading Preview section with the most common fixture project b Unlock full access with a free trial. Toilets. From removal of the old unit to wranglin new one into place, making all the hookups and installing Download With Free the Trialseat, the entire project is laid out fo in full color photos. From there, you’ll find a serie projects that move from kitchen to bath to laun and back again, all shown in full detail.
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Toilets Water Softeners • Useful Not useful Faucets Kitchen • Cancel anytime.• Hot Water Dispe • Icemakers Kitchen Drains • & Traps Pot Filler • •
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Black & Decker the Complete
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Home Guide to Plumbing,
Black & Decker Heres How
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TOOLS & MATE Adjustable wrench Bucket and sponge
Toilets
Channel-type pliers Hacksaw Penetrating oil
Y
ou can replace a poorly functioning or inefficient toilet with a high-efficiency, high-quality new toilet in just a single afternoon. All toilets made since 1994 have been required to use 1.6 gallons or less per flush, which has been a huge challenge for the industry. Today, the most evolved water-saving toilets have wide passages behind the bowl and wide (3") flush valve openings—features that facilitate short, powerful flushes. This means fewer second flushes and fewer clogged toilets. These problems were common complaints of the first generation of 1.6-gallon toilets and continue to beleaguer inferior models today. See which toilets are available at your local home center in your price range, then go online and see what other consumers’ experiences with those models have been. New toilets often go through a “de-bugging” stage when problems with leaks and malfunctioning parts are more common. Your criteria should include ease of installation, good flush performance, andReading reliability.aWith a little You're Preview research, you should be able to purchase and install a high-functioning, full access with a free trial. economical toilet that will serve you wellUnlock for years to come.
Pliers Putty knife Rubber gloves Screwdriver Supply tube Teflon tape Toilet seat bolts Toilet seat Towels Utility knife
Wax ring without flange wax ring with flange
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Home Guide to Plumbing,
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Choosing a New Toilet
Toilets have changed in recent years. There’s a Dual-flush systems feature two flush buttons o toilet to fit every style. You can even buy a square or the top of the tank, allowing you to select either stainless-steel toilet, among many other new options. 8-ounce flush for liquids or a 1.6-gallon flush for The new designs are efficient, durable, and less susceptible to clogs. A toilet’s style is partly affected by the way it’s built. You have a number of options from which to choose: Two-piece toilets have a separate water tank and bowl. One-piece toilets have a tank and bowl made of one seamless unit. Elongated bowls are roughly 2" longer than regular bowls. Elevated toilets have higher seats, generally 18", rather than the standard 15". You have a choice of two basic types of flush mechanisms: gravity- and pressure-assisted. Gravity-assisted toilets allow water to rush down from an elevated tank into the toilet bowl. Federal Two-piece toilets with a separate tank and bowl are m law mandates that new toilets consume no more moreacommon You're Previewthan one-piece models, and usually a l than 1.6 gallons of water per flush, less than half the Reading costly. The cheapest models are compact with a seat t volume used by older styles. is with not as hightrial. above the floor as a full-size model. This Unlock full access a free Pressure-assisted toilets rely on either compressed create access difficulty for some users. Round-bowl m usually cost less than models with a larger, elongated air or water pumps to boost flushing power. Download With Free Trial
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Download
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Home Guide to Plumbing,
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How to Remove a Toilet 2
Coupling nut
Stop valve
1
Remove the old supply tube. First, turn off the water at the Grip each tank bolt nut with a box wrench or plier stop valve. Flush the toilet, holding the handle down for a as you stabilize each tank bolt from inside the long flush, and sponge out the tank. Use a wet/dry vac to slotted screwdriver. If the nuts are stuck, apply Reading atoPreview clear any remaining water out of the tank andYou're bowl. Unthread the nut and let it sit before trying to remove the the coupling nut for the water supply below the tank using may also cut the tank bolts between the tank and Unlock full access withan a free trial. channel-type pliers. open-ended hacksaw. Remove and discard th
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3
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