Test-Bank-for-Fundamentals-of-Human-Physiology-4th-Edition-by-Sherwood.pdf

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Chapter 1--Introduction to Physiology and Homeostasis

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Add Question Here Here Mu l t i p l e Ch o i c e

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Question Select Question Select the incorrect association. Ans wer

anatomy/function human body/multicellular body/multicellular.. carbon dioxide/cell dioxide/cell waste product. product. physiology/body physiology/body function. function. unicellular/one-celled. Add Question Here Here

Mu l t i p l e Ch o i c e

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Question Which Question Which of the following emphasizes mechanism over purpose? Ans wer

a person breathes breathes to obtain oxygen. oxygen. a person sweats to cool cool off. a person's stomach secretes secretes digestive juices because it is stimulated by the nervous system. a person's heart heart beats to pump blood. blood. a person's kidneys produce produce urine to eliminate wastes from the body. body. Add Question Here Here


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Question When Question When a blood capillary is cut, a clot forms under which influence? Ans wer

negative feedback. positive feedback. extrinsic control. both (a) and (b) above. none of these these answers. Add Question Here Here


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Question The smallest functional unit in the human body from a physiologic perspective perspective is the: Ans wer

nucleus atom cell tissue Add Question Here Here


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Question Which Question Which of the following is associated with communication communication between body cells? Ans wer

connective. epithelial. glandular. muscle. nervous Add Question Here Here


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Question Which Question Which of the following factors of the internal environment is not homeostatically maintained? Ans wer

its concentration of nutrient molecules. molecules. its concentration of nitrogen gas, of which 80% of the atmospheric atmospheric air is composed. its concentration of oxygen oxygen and carbon carbon dioxide. its pH. its temperature. Add Question Here Here


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Question This Question This tissue type includes blood and bones. Ans wer

connective. endocrine. epithelial. muscle. nervous. Add Question Here Here

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Question The Question The respiratory system Ans wer

obtains oxygen oxygen from and eliminates carbon dioxide to the internal environment. environment. consists of the heart, heart, blood vessels and lungs. plays an important role in maintaining the proper proper pH of the internal environment by adjusting the rate of removal of acid-forming acid-forming carbon dioxide. both (a) and (c) above. all of these these answers. answers. Add Question Here Here


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Question Select Question Select the correct statement about muscle tissue Ans wer

bone is one example. example. blood is one example. hemoglobin can be found in the extracellular extracellular material. there are 3 different types types of muscle it is not a primary primary tissue type. type. Add Question Here Here


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Question Which Question Which of the following body systems is not directed entirely toward maintaining homeostasis? homeostasis? Ans wer

reproductive system. end ocrine system ner vous system. both b and c none of the above answers answers Add Question Here Here


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Question Which Question Which sequence represents the correct hierarchy of biological organization? Ans wer

cell-organ-tissue-system-organism. cell-tissue-organ-system-organism. tissue-cell-system-organism-organ. organ-tissue-cell-organism-system. system-cell-organ-organism-tissue. Add Question Here Here


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Question The Question The internal environment Ans wer

is in direct contact with the the body's cells. cells. consists of of the intracellular fluid. fluid. must be maintained at absolutely unchanging composition, composition, temperature, and volume for survival of the body. is in direct contact with the body's cells and consists consists of the intracellular fluid. all of these these answers. answers. Add Question Here Here


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Question Extracellular Question Extracellular fluid Ans wer

is the internal environment environment of the body. body. is outside the cells cells but inside the body. body. consists of the plasma and interstitial fluid. two of these answers. answers. all of these these answers. answers. Add Question Here Here


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Question Nutrients Question Nutrients and oxygen are distributed through the body mainly by the ____ system. Ans wer

circulatory. digestive. endocrine. integumentary. skeletal. Add Question Here Here


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Question Which Question Which of the following statements concerning negative feedback is incorrect? Ans wer

negative feedback feedback exists when a change in a regulated variable triggers a response that opposes the change. negative feedback feedback exists when the input to a system increases the the output and the output limits its own production by inhibiting the input. with negative feedback, feedback, a control system's input and output continue to enhance each other. most of the body's homeostatic homeostatic control mechanisms operate operate on the principle of negative feedback. it is the only mode of of extrinsic control. Add Question Here Here


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Question Which Question Which statement(s) regarding endocrine glands is/are tru e? Ans wer

lack ducts. secrete hormones hormones internally into the blood. are derived from epithelial tissue. include the parathyroids. all of these these answers. Add Question Here Here


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Question Which Question Which of the following is (not a type of muscle tissue)? Ans wer

smooth skeletal cardiac respiratory none of these these answers. Add Question Here Here


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Question The Question The hormone insulin enhances the transport of glucose (sugar) from the blood into most of the body's cells. Its secretion is controlled by a negative-feedback negative-feedback system between the concentration of glucose in the blood and the insulin-secreting cells. Therefore, which of the following statements is correct? Ans wer

a decrease in blood glucose concentration stimulates insulin insulin secretion, which in turn further lo wers the blood glucose concentration. an increase in blood glucose concentration stimulates insulin insulin secretion, which in turn lowers the blood glucose concentration. a decrease in blood glucose concentration stimulates insulin insulin secretion, which in turn increases the blood glucose concentration. an increase in blood glucose concentration stimulates insulin insulin secretion, which further increases the blood glucose concentration. none of these these answers. Add Question Here Here


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Question Sweating Question Sweating is initiated in response to a rise in body temperature that occurs on exposure to a hot environment. Evaporation Evaporation of the sweat cools the body. This is an example of Ans wer

negative feedback. positive feedback. a feedforward feedforward mechanism. mechanism. an intrinsic (local) control control mechanism. autoregulation. Add Question Here Here


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Question The Question The activity of one organ is influenced by the activity of several several other organs to maintain homeostasis. homeostasis. This is an example of: Ans wer

intrinsic control extrinsic control positive feedback lack of communication communication feed forward forward system system Add Question Here Here


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Question Calcium Question Calcium is stored mainly in t he ____ system. Ans wer

digestive. endocrine. integumentary. muscular. skeletal. Add Question Here Here


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Question Which Question Which cells are considered pluripotent? Ans wer

neurons tissue-specific stem cells embryonic stem stem cells both b and c none of these these answers. Add Question Here Here


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Question Which Question Which statement(s) regarding stem cells is/are correct? Ans wer

they are undifferentiated undifferentiated embryonic cells. cells. they may reproduce many many times. their daughter cells may differentiate differentiate into a number of different specialized cell types. types. all of these these answers. answers. none of these these answers. answers. Add Question Here Here

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Tr u e/Fal s e

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Question Cells Question Cells eliminate carbon dioxide as a waste product. Ans wer

True False Add Question Here Here

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Question All Question All cells are capable of reproducing. Ans wer


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Question Highly Question Highly differentiated tissues such as nervous and cardiac muscle are incapable of new cell production. Ans wer


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Question All Question All enzymes are proteins but not all proteins are enzymes. Ans wer


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Question A Question A mechanism explanation of why a person breathes is to obtain oxygen. Ans wer


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Question Every Question Every organ system of the human body is f ocused on homeostasis homeostasis as its primary function. Ans wer


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Question Tissues Question Tissues are composed of two or more types of cells organized to perform a particular function or functions. Ans wer


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Question Muscle Question Muscle cells produce movement by expanding. Ans wer


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Question Blood Question Blood is a t ype of connective tissue. Ans wer


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Question Glands Question Glands are formed during embryonic development by pockets of epithelial tissue that dip inward from the surface. Ans wer


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Question Endocrine Question Endocrine glands secrete secrete hormones into the blood. Ans wer


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Question A Question A lumen is a cavity within a hollow organ or t ube. Ans wer


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Question Organs Question Organs are composed of two or more kinds of primary tissues. Ans wer


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Question The Question The external environment is found outside the body. Ans wer


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Question Factors Question Factors that are homeostatically regulated are maintained at a constant, fixed level unless disease is present. Ans wer


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Question Most Question Most body cells are not i n direct contact with the external environment. Ans wer


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Question The Question The lungs remove carbon dioxide from the blood plasma. Ans wer


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Question To Question To sustain life, the internal environment must be maintained in an absolutely unchanging state. Ans wer


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Question Not Question Not all activities performed by the muscular and nervous systems are directed toward maintaining homeostasis. Ans wer


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Question The Question The plasma surrounds and bathes all of the body's cells. Ans wer


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Question In Question In tissue exchange, materials move from plasma to the interstitial before moving into cells. Ans wer


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Question The Question The concentration of salt (NaCl) in the extracellular fluid is the same as the concentration of salt in the intracellular fluid. Ans wer


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Question Exocrine Question Exocrine glands are the only structures in the body capable of secretion. Ans wer


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Question Secretion Question Secretion refers to the r elease from a cell, in response to appropriate stimulation, of specific products that have in la rge part been synthesized by the cell. Ans wer


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Question The Question The endocrine system functions with the circulatory system for the transport of hormones. Ans wer


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Question Some Question Some organs, such as the heart, skin, and intestine, belong to more than one body system. Ans wer


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Question The Question The digestive system eliminates carbon dioxide from the body. Ans wer


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Question The Question The skin is part of the integumentary system. Ans wer


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Question Negative Question Negative feedback operates to maintain a controlled factor in a relatively steady state, whereas positive feedback moves a controlled variable even further from a steady state. Ans wer


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Question With Question With positive feedback, a control system's input and output continue to enhance each other. Ans wer


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Question Intrinsic Question Intrinsic control mechanisms involve the interactions of several different organs. Ans wer


Fi l l i n t he B l an k

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Question The Question The smallest unit capable of carrying out the processes associated with life is the ____________________. ____________________. Ans wer

cell Add Question Here Here


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Question _________________ Question ____________________ ___ cells are specialized to send electrical signals. Ans wer

nerve Add Question Here Here


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Question _________________ Question ____________________ ___ muscle tissue composes the heart. Ans wer

cardiac Add Question Here Here


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Question _______________ Question ____________________ _____ are composed of two or more types o f primary tissue organized to perform a particular function or functions. Ans wer

organs Add Question Here Here


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Question ____________________ Question ____________________ glands secrete through ducts in the skin. Ans wer

exocrine Add Question Here Here


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Question A(n) Question A(n) ____________________ ____________________ is a collection of organs that perform re lated functions and interact to accomplish a common activity that is essential for survival of the whole body. Ans wer

body system Add Question Here Here


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Question The Question The internal environment consists of the ____________________, ____________________, which is made u p of ____________________, ____________________, the fluid portion of the blood, and ____________________, ____________________, which surrounds and bathes all cells. Ans wer

extracellular fluid, plasma, interstitial fluid Add Question Here Here


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Question The Question The ____________________ ____________________ is the liquid part of the blood. Ans wer

plasma Add Question Here Here


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Question The Question The ____________________ ____________________ is the liquid that bathes cells. Ans wer

interstitial fluid Add Question Here Here


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Question The Question The body cells are in direct contact with and make life-sustaining exchanges with the ____________________. ____________________. Ans wer

internal environment (extracellular fluid) Add Question Here Here


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Question _______________ Question ____________________ _____ refers to maintenance of a relatively stable internal e nvironment. Ans wer

homeostasis Add Question Here Here


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Question _______________ Question ____________________ _____ tissue is composed of cells specialized for contraction and force generation. Ans wer

muscle Add Question Here Here


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Question The Question The ____________________ ____________________ system consists of hormone- secreting and gamete producing tissues Ans wer

reproductive Add Question Here Here


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Question The Question The two major control systems of the body are the ____________________ and the ____________________. Ans wer

nervous system, endocrine system endocrine system, nervous system Add Question Here Here


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Question _________________ Question ____________________ ___ are drugs that prevent rejection of transplanted tissues. Ans wer

immunosuppressive immunosuppressive drugs Add Question Here Here


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Question The Question The ____________________ system is the transport system of the body. Ans wer

circulatory Add Question Here Here


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Question The Question The ____________________ ____________________ system eliminates waste products other than carbon dioxide and plays a key role in regulating the volume, electrolyte composition, and acidity of the extracellular fluid. Ans wer

urinary Add Question Here Here


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Question The Question The ____________________ ____________________ system controls and coordinates bodily activities that require swift responses, especially to changes in the external environment. Ans wer

nervous Add Question Here Here


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Question _______________ Question ____________________ _____ refers to the abnormal functioning of the body associated with disease. Ans wer

pathophysiology Add Question Here Here


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Question Homeostasis Question Homeostasis is maintained by ____________________ ____________________ mechanisms. Ans wer

negative feedback Add Question Here Here

Mat c h i n g

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Question Use Question Use the following answer code to indicate which tissue is being identified.

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Ans wer Mat c h Qu es t i o n It em s

A n s w er It em s

C. - A. - A. This tissue type type is composed of cells specialized specialized for contraction.

A. nervous tissue

B. - B. This tissue type is made up of cells specialized specialized in the exchange of materials between between the cell and its environment

B. epithelial tissue

D. - C. Th T his tissue type is connects, supports, and anchors various body parts

C. mu m uscle tissue

C. - D. The heart is made of this type of tissue.

D. connective tissue

D. - E. Blood is this tissue type. B. - F. Glands are a derivative of this tissue type. B. - G. The digestive tract is lined with this tissue. A. - H. The brain is primarily made of this tissue. B. - I. The skin is this tissue type. D. - J. T hi his tissue is distinguished by relatively few cells wit hin an extracellular material. C. - K. Skeletal, car diac, and smooth are types of this tissue. Add Question Here Here Mat c h i n g

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Question Temper Question Temperature-sensitive ature-sensitive nerve cells monitor the body temperature and provide information about its status to a temperature-control temperature-control center in the hypothalamus, a part of the brain. The hypothalamus can bring about adjustments in body temperature by in ducing shivering or sweating, among other things. Indicate the roles served by each component of this control system using the following answer code: Ans wer

Mat c h Qu Qu es t i o n It em s

A ns w er It em s

A. - A. - A. body temperature

A. controlled variable

C. - B. temperature-se temperature-sensitiv nsitive e nerve nerve cells

B. integrator integrator

D. - C. skeletal muscles and sweat glands C. sensor B. - D. hypothalamus

D. effector

E. - E. sweating

E. effect to bring about change Add Question Here Here

Mat c h i n g

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Question Indicate Question Indicate whether the following physiological event represents Ans wer Mat c h Qu es t i o n It em s

A n s w er It em s

A. - A. - A. increased blood blood flow into muscle tissue tissue in response to a localized localized increase in carbon dioxide A. intrinsic control B. - B. the the rele releas ase e of a horm hormon one e to lowe lowerr blo blood od calc calciu ium m leve levels ls when when it gets gets too too high high

B. nega negati tive ve feed feedba back ck cont contro roll

B. - C. increa increased sed cardia cardiac c acti activit vity y to to eleva elevate te blood blood press pressure ure when when syste systemic mic press pressure ure is low

C. positi positive ve feedba feedback ck contro controll

C. - D. rapid clotting of blood due to increasing levels levels of platelet platelet activity at a site of vessel damage Add Question Here Here Mat c h i n g

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Question Match Question Match the system to the function. Ans wer Mat ch ch Qu es t i o n It It em em s A. - A. - A. Blood

A n s w er It It em s A. Transports Transports food, vitamins, minerals, and and other nutrients

E. - B. Respiratory System B. The chemical chemical breakdown of food food B. - C. Digestive Digestive System System

C. Responsi Responsible ble for for contin continuatio uation n of of the human human race race

D. - D. Urinary Urinary System System

D. Excretes Excretes nitrog nitrogeno enous us waste waste mater material ial E. Exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide Add Question Here Here

Mat c h i n g

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Question On the image four major components components of a homeostatic system are labeled A, B, C and D. Match the components with the statements below. Answers can be used more than once. once. All of the statements are in reference to temperature temperature regulation. Ans wer

Mat c h Qu es t i on It em s

A n s w er It em s

B. - A. - A. Part of the nervous nervous system that signals signals sweat glands to produce produce sweat. A. choice A C. - B. Sweat glands

B. choice B

A. - C. Detects skin temperature.

C. choice C

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D. - D. The act of sweating.

D. choice D

B. - E. Part Part of the nerv nervous ous that that receiv receives es temp tempera eratur ture e sign signals als from from the the skin skin.. D. - F. The act of shivering. C. - G. Skeletal muscles. B. - H. Pa rt rt of the nervou s system t ha hat sign al als muscles to shi ve ver. Add Question Here Here E s s ay

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Question Compare Question Compare the external a nd internal body environments. Ans wer Basic cell functions include: obtaining food and oxygen, extracting energy from nutrients, eliminating wastes, protein synthesis, controlling exchange between cells and the surrounding environment, internal cellular movement, being able to respond to changes in the surrounding environment, and reproducing. Add Question Here Here E s s ay

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Question State Question State the components of the internal environment and explain how materials are exchanged into and out of the cell. Ans wer Internal environment consists of the extracellular fluid (ECF), which is composed of two distinct parts: the interstitial fluid that directly surrounds the cell, and the plasma, the fluid portion of the blood. Materials are exchanged between the plasma and interstitial fluid, and between the interstitial fluid and the intracellular fluid ( ICF). Add Question Here Here E s s ay

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Question Compare Question Compare negative and positive feedback and explain why negative feedback is important in homeostasis. Ans wer Negative feedback is a process that restores a factor to normal by moving the factor in the opposite direction of the in itial change. Negative feedback is the basis for homeostasis because because it returns factors to normal values. Positive feedback, on the other hand, enhances or amplifies the initial change and continues to drive the system in the direction of the initial change. Add Question Here Here E s s ay

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Question What Question What s one of the first effects of an exercise program on the heart? Ans wer It allows the heart to become a more efficient muscle. In this way the heart can beat slower to pump the same amount of blood at rest. Add Question Here Here E s s ay

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Question What Question What are the component component parts of a homeostatic control system? Describe Describe a basic function of each. Ans wer Components of a homeostatic system include the sensor, which monitors the magnitude of the variable being controlled, and the integrator or control center, which compares the sensor's input with what is considered a normal value (known as the set point) and then sends appropriate signals to the last component of the system (know as the effector). The effector in turn brings about an appropriate change to return the system back to the set point (normal). Add Question Here Here

Test-Bank-for-Fundamentals-of-Human-Physiology-4th-Edition-by-Sherwood.pdf

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