UNIVERSIDAD LAICA “ELOY ALFARO” DE MANABÍ EXTENSIÓN CHONE FACULT FACULTAD AD EN CIENCIAS CI ENCIAS DE LA EDUCACIÓN EDUCACI ÓN
TRABAJO DE TITULACIÓN, MODALIDAD PROYECTO DE INVESTIGACIÓN PREVIA A LA OBTENCIÓN DEL TÍTULO DE LICENCIADAS EN CIENCIAS DE LA EDUCACIÓN MENCIÓN COMPUTACIÓN COMERCIO Y ADMINISTRACIÓN
TÍTULO: ESTRATEGIAS DIDÁCTICAS MEDIANTE EL USO DE LA HOJA DE CÀLCULO EXCEL EN EL APREDIZAJE DE MAT MATEMÁTICAS EN LOS ESTUDIANTES DEL OCTAV OCTAVO AÑO BÁSICO DE LA UNIDAD EDUCATICA “JUAN MONTALVO # 4!
AUTORAS: ANDRADE HIDALGO INGRID PIERINA BAILÓN VELÍZ DEISY MONSERRATE
TUTOR: DR" VICTOR JAMA ZAMBRANO
CHONEMANABÍECUADOR $%&
Cer!"!#$#!%& 'e( )*r D'" V()*+' J,-, Z,-.',/+ M012 D+)3/*3 3 5, U/673'16, L,6), E5+8 A59,'+ 3 M,/,.(2 3:*3/16;/ C<+/32 3/ 5, ),56, 3 *=*+' 35 *',.,>+ 3 *6*=5,)6;/"
CERTIFICO
?=3 35 @'313/*3 *',.,>+ 3 *6*=5,)6;/ E1*',*306,1 6)*6),1 -36,/*3 35 =1+ 3 5, <+>, 3 )5)=5+ E:)35 3/ 35 ,@'3/6,>3 3 -,*3-*6),1 3/ 5+1 31*=6,/*31 35 +)*,7+ ,+ .16)+ 3 5, U/6, E=),*67, E=),*67, “J=,/ M+/*,57+ M+/*,57+ # 4!2 <, 16+ 3:<,=1*67,-3/*3 3:<,=1*67,-3/*3 '3761,+ 3/ 7,'6,1 1316+/31 3 *',.,>+ 8 13 3/)=3/*', 561*+ @,', @'313/*,)6;/ 8 ,@*+ @,', 1= 393/1," L,1 +@6/6+/31 8 )+/)3@*+1 @5,1-,+1 3/ 31*3 *',.,>+ 3 *6*=5,)6;/ 1+/ 9'=*+ 35 *',.,>+2 @3'1373',/)6, 8 +'606/,56, 3 1=1 ,=*+',1 A/',3 H6,50+ I/0'6 P63'6/, 8 B,65;/ V356 D3618 M+/13'',*32 163/+ 3 1= 3:)5=167, '31@+/1,.656,"
D'" V()*+' J,-, Z,-.',/+ M01" TUTOR C<+/32 3.'3'+ 35 $%&
DECLARACIÓN DE AUTORÍA Y CESIÓN DE DERECHO N+1+*',1 A/',3 H6,50+ I/0'6 P63'6/, 8 B,65;/ V356 V356 D3618 M+/13'',*32 3)5,',-+1 13' ,=*+',1 35 @'313/*3 *',.,>+ 3 *6*=5,)6;/ E1*',*306,1 6)*6),1 -36,/*3 35 =1+ 3 5, <+>, 3 )5)=5+ E:)35 3/ 35 ,@'3/6,>3 3 -,*3-*6),1 3/ 5+1 31*=6,/*31 35 +)*,7+ ,+ .16)+ 3 5, U/6, E=),*67, “J=,/ M+/*,57+ # 4!2 163/+ 35 D'" V()*+' J,-, Z,-.',/+ M01" *=*+' 35 @'313/*3 *',.,>+F 8 3:6-+ 3:@'31,-3/*3 , 5, U/673'16, L,6), “E5+8 A59,'+! 3 M,/,.( 8 , 1=1 '3@'313/*,/*31 ' 3@'313/*,/*31 530,531 3 @+16.531 '3)5,-+1 + ,))6+/31 530,53 530,531" 1" A A33-12 12 )3'*69 )3'*696)+ 6)+ =3 5,1 63,1 63,122 +@6/6+ +@6/6+/31 /3122 6/731* 6/731*60, 60,)6+ )6+/3 /312 12 '31=5* '31=5*,+ ,+12 12 2
)+/)5= )+/ )5=16+ 16+/31 /31 8 '3)+-3 '3)+-3/, /,)6+ )6+/3 /311 73'*6+ 73'*6+11 3/ 35 @'313 @'313/*3 /*3 *',.,> *',.,>+2 +2 1+/ 1+/ 3 /=3 /=31*' 1*',, 3:)5=167, '31@+/1,.656," '31@+/1,.656," A6)6+/,5-3/*3 )33-+1 5+1 3'3)<+1 3 31*3 *',.,>+ , 5, U/673'16, L,6), “E5+8 A59,'+! 3 M,/,.(2 @,', =3 9+'-3 @,'*3 3 1= @,*'6-+/6+ 3 @'+@63, 6/*353)*=,5 3 6/731*60,)6+/312 *',.,>+1 )63/*(96)+1 + *)/6)+1 8 *',.,>+1 3 *6*=5,)6;/2 8, =3 <, 16+ '3,56,+ )+/ ,@+8+ 96/,/)63'+2 ,),-6)+ + 6/1*6*=)6+/,5 3 5, U/673'16,"
A/',3 H6,50+ I/0'6 P63'6/, AUTORA
B,65;/ V356 D3618 M+/13'',*3 AUTORA
C<+/32 93.'3'+ 3 $%&
APROBACIÓN DEL TRABAJO DE TITULACIÓN
UNIVERSIDAD LAICA ELOY ALFARO DE MANABÍ EXTENSIÓN CHONE ACULTAD DE CIENCIAS DE LA EDUCACIÓN MENCION COMPUTACION2 COMERCIO Y ADMINISTRACION
L+1 -63-.'+1 35 T'6.=/,5 E:,-6/,+' ,@'=3.,/ 35 T',.,>+ 3 T6*=5,)6;/ 160=63/+ 5, -+,56, 3 P'+83)*+ 3 I/731*60,)6;/2 3/+-6/,+ “E1*',*306,1 6)*6),1 -36,/*3 3
35 =1+ 3 5, <+>, 3 )5)=5+ E:)35 3/ 35 ,@'3/6,>3 3 -,*3-*6),1 3/ 5+1 31*=6,/*31 35 +)*,7+ ,+ .16)+ 3 5, U/6, E=),*67, “J=,/ M+/*,57+ # 4! 35,.+',+ @+' 5,1 30'31,,1: A/',3 H6,50+ I/0'6 P63'6/, 8 B,65;/ V356 D3618 M+/13'',*3 3 5, ,)=5*, 3 C63/)6,1 3 5, E=),)6;/"
I/0" O65;/ S)
D'" V()*+' J,-, Z,-.',/+ M01"
DECANO
TUTOR
MIEMBRO DEL TRIBUNAL
MIEMBRO DEL TRIBUNAL
SECRETARIA
De'!#$*r!$ D36)+ 31*3 *',.,>+ , D6+1 @+' <,.3' ,+ 3/ -6 9+'*,53, 8 )+/1*,/)6, 8 @+'=3 1= @'+-31, 13 )=-@53 3/ -6 76, =',/*3 *++1 -61 ,+1 3 31*=6+ 3/ 31*, @'31*606+1, =/673'16," A -6 31@+1+ G=1*,7+ A+59+ 0',)6,1 @+' 13' 35 1+@+'*3 3/ -6 76," A -61 @,'31 @+' 13' -6 3>3-@5+ , 130=6' 8 @+' 6/)=5),'-3 163-@'3 31+1 313+1 3 =3 13, =/ @'+9316+/,5" A -61 <3'-,/+1 @+' 31*,' 3/ *++ -+-3/*+ >=/*+ , -( )+/ 1=1 @,5,.',1 3 ,563/*+ -3
4
63'+/ 9+'*,53, @,', 130=6' ,35,/*3" A -61 <6>+1 L=61 A+59+2 B'6*<,/82 S,-=35 8 M,*<(,1 C,53.2 @+' 13' 355+1 -6 9+'*,53, -6 ,@+8+ 6/)+/6)6+/,5 163-@'3 3/ 31*+1 ,+1 3 31*=6+12 /+ *3/0+ )+-+ ,0',3)3'531 *++" L, )=5-6/,)6;/ 3 -6 ),''3', /+ 31 -1 =3 -6 -,/3', 3 3)6'531 )=,/*+ 5+1 ,-+1"
I/0'6 P63'6/, A/',3 H6,50+" A=*+',
De'!#$*r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
A -61 <3'-,/+12 H)*+' B,65;/ 8 630+ B,65;/2 @+' 31*,' )+/-60+ 8 ,@+8,'-3 163-@'32 5+1 =63'+ -=)<+" T++1 ,=355+1 9,-656,'31 8 ,-60+1 =3 31*=763'+/ )+/-60+ 3/ ),, -+-3/*+ 8 16*=,)6+/31 -1 69()6531 8 -3 <,/ ,+ 9=3', @,', 130=6' ,35,/*3" 6/,5-3/*32 , 5+1 -,31*'+12 ,=355+1 =3 -,'),'+/ ),, 3*,@, 3 /=31*'+ ),-6/+ =/673'16*,'6+2 8 =3 -3 ,8=,'+/ 3/ ,131+'(,1 8 =,1 @'313/*,,1 3/ 5, 35,.+',)6;/ 3 5, *3161
B,65;/ V356 D3618 M+/13'',*3 A=*+',
A+r$'e#!!e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
I/0'6 P63'6/, 8 D3618 B,65;/
SÍNTESIS E5 =1+ 3 5, *3)/+5+0(, 3 5, 6/9+'-,)6;/ 8 5, )+-=/6),)6;/ 3/ 35 ,=5, 3 )5,13 @+' @,'*3 3 5+1 +)3/*31 3 -,*3-*6),2 <, 16+ 31*=6,+ , *',71 3 31*, 6/731*60,)6;/ .,>+ 35 *(*=5+ 3 E1*',*306,1 6)*6),1 -36,/*3 35 =1+ 3
5, <+>, 3 )5)=5+ E:)35 3/ 35
,@'3/6,>3 3 -,*3-*6),1 3/ 5+1 31*=6,/*31 35 +)*,7+ ,+ .16)+ 3 5, U/6, E=),*67, “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“J=,/ M+/*,57+ # 4 “ 35 ),/*;/ C<+/3 @,', =3 =*656)3/ =/, /=37, -3*++5+0(, =3 @3'-6*,/ , 5+1 31*=6,/*31 31,''+55,' 5,1 31*'3,1 8 <,.656,31 @,', '3,56,' )5)=5+1 8 @'+.53-,1 -,*3-*6)+1 , *',71 35 =1+ 3 5, <+>, 3 )5)=5+ E:)35" 7
P$($-r$. #($/e H+>, 3 )5)=5+ E:)352 ,@'3/6,>32 )5)=5+1 -,*3-*6)+1"
ABSTRACT T<3 =13 +9 6/9+'-,*6+/ *3)3)*673 +9 *<3 '313,')< ,1 *+ /+ *<3 =13 *<,* *<3 -,*<3-,*6)1 *3,)<3' 06731 *<3 E:)35 1@'3,1<33* 6/ *<3 3735+@-3/* +9 *<3 *3,)<6/0 53,'/6/0 @'+)3112 ,/ *<3/ *+ 3160/ , 6,)*6) 1*',*308 *+ 6-@'+73 *<3 53,'/6/0 +9 *<3 1*=3/*1 +9 *<3 360<*< .,16) 83,'" D='6/0 *<3 6/731*60,*6+/2 ,/ ,/,58161 +9 *<3 1*,*3 +9 *<3 ,'* +9 *<3 *+ 7,'6,.531 ,1 ,/,5832 <6)< 3'3 +/3 *<'+=0< *<3 '31=5*1 +9 *<3 6/731*60,*6+/1 ),''63 +=* .8 6993'3/* ,=*<+'1" 635 '313,')< ,1 +/3 *<'+=0< 1='7381 ,@@563 *+ *3,)<3'12 1*=3/*1 ,/ @,'3/*12 ,1 355 ,1 ,/ 6/*3'763 6*< *<3 ,=*<+'6*8 +9 *<3 6/1*6*=*6+/2 <+13 '31=5*1 1<+ *<,* -,*< *3,)<3'1 ='6/0 *<3 *3,)<6/053,'/6/0 @'+)311 + /+* -,3 =13 +9 *<3 E:)35 1@'3,1<33*2 16/)3 *<38 1*655 -,6/*,6/ *<3 *',6*6+/,5 -+35 +9 *3,)<6/0 *<'+=0< )<,52 )<,5.+,' ,/ *3:*.++ .36/0 *<612 , @+116.53 ),=13 +9 *<3 5+ ,),3-6) @3'9+'-,/)3 ,/ +9 56**53 6/*3'31* *<,* *<3 1*=3/*1 3-+/1*',*3 .8 53,'/6/0 -,*<3-,*6)1 A))+'6/0 *+ *<3 '31=5*12 '3)+--3/,*6+/1 3'3 -,3 *+ *<3 *3,)<3'1 +9 *<3 KJ=,/ M+/*,57+ # 4K E=),*6+/,5 U/6* 6/ C<+/3 ),/*+/ *+ =13 , /3 -3*<++5+08 *<,* ,55+1 1*=3/*1 *+ 3735+@ *<3 16551 ,/ ,.656*631 *+ @3'9+'- -,*<3-,*6),5 ),5)=5,*6+/1 ,/ @'+.53-1 *<'+=0< U13 +9 *<3 E:)35 1@'3,1<33*"
0e12*r'.: E:)35 1@'3,1<33*2 53,'/6/02 -,*<3-,*6),5 ),5)=5,*6+/1"
8
TABLA DE CONTENIDOS P+'*,, """""
6
C3'*696),)6;/ 35 T=*+'"""""
66
D3)5,',)6;/ 3 ,=*+'(,"""""
666
A@'+.,)6;/ 35 T',.,>+ 3 T6*=5,)6;/ "
67
D36),*+'6,"""
7
A0',3)6-63/*+""""
766
S(/*3161"
7666
A.1*',)*""""
6:
T,.5, 3 )+/*3/6+1 """""
:
I/*'+=))6;/"
CAPÍTULO 3: ESTADO DE ARTE ""
E1*',*306, 6)*6), -36,/*3 35 =1+ 3 5, <+>, 3 )5)=5+ E:)35"""
""" A/*3)33/*31 ""
""$" L, 6-@+'*,/)6, 3 =*656,' <+>, 3 )5)=5+ E:)35"""" $ """ U1+ 3 5, <+>, 3 )5)=5+ E:)35 )+-+ <3'',-63/*, 6)*6), 3/ 5,1 ,=5,1 3 )5,13 """ ""4" L,1 31*',*306,1 6)*6),1 )+/ 35 =1+ 3 5, <+>, 3 )5)=5+ E:)35 3/ 5,
4
3/13,/, 3 5,1 -,*3-*6),1 " E5 ,@'3/6,>3 3 -,*3-*6),"""""
$$
"$"" A/*3)33/*31""" "$"$" L,1 6/731*60,)6+/31 1+.'3 5, 9+'-, 3 ,=6'6' 35 )+/+)6-63/*+
$$
-,*3-*6)+ "" "$"" +'-,1 3 )+/)3.6' 35 ,@'3/6,>3 3 5,1 -,*3-*6),1"" "$"4" E5 ,@'3/6,>3 3 5, -,*3-*6), 3/ 5, @+), ,)*=,5""""
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CAPÍTULO II: DIAGNÓSTICO O ESTUDIO DE CAMPO $""
E/)=31*, ,@56),, , 5+1 31*=6,/*31"""""
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$"$"
E/)=31*, ,@56),, , 5+1 +)3/*31"""""
4Q
$""
E/)=31*, ,@56),, , 5+1 @,'31 3 9,-656,"""""""
QQ
$"4"
E/*'3761*, , 5, D6'3)*+', "
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CAPÍTULO III: PROPUESTA 9
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T3-,""""
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J=1*696),)6;/""""
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CONCLUSIONES"""""""
RECOMENDACIONES""
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BIBLIOGRAÍA"""""
ANEXOS"""""
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INDICE DE TABLAS T,.5, N A0',+ <,)6, 5,1 -,*3-*6),1
Q
T,.5, N $ M+*67,)6;/ @,', 35 ,@'3/6,>3
T,.5, N C+/+)6-63/*+1 @'376+1 3 5, ,160/,*=',
&
T,.5, N 4 P,'*6)6@,)6;/ 3/ )5,131
T,.5, N Q E/*3/6-63/*+ 3 5,1 3:@56),)6+/31 35 @'+931+'
T,.5, N U*656,)6;/ 3 '3)='1+1 *3)/+5;06)+1
4%
10
T,.5, N & C+/+)6-63/*+ 3 ,@56),)6;/ 3 1+9*,'3 3/ -,*3-*6),1
4
T,.5, N C+/+)6-63/*+ 1+.'3 35 -,/3>+ 3 5, <+>, 3 )5)=5+ E:)35
4$
T,.5, N P'361@+16)6;/ @,', ,@'3/3' , -,/3>,' 5, <+>, 3 )5)=5+ E:)35
4
T,.5, N % M3>+',-63/*+ 35 ,@'3/6,>3 -36,/*3 35 =1+ 3 5, <+>, 3 )5)=5+
44
T,.5, N A@'3/6,>3 3 5+1 31*=6,/*31
4Q
T,.5, N $ U*656,)6;/ 3 ,50/ *6@+ 3 -+*67,)6;/
4
T,.5, N C+/163',)6;/ 3 '3/6-63/*+
4&
T,.5, N 4 P,'*6)6@,)6;/ ,)*67, 3 5+1 31*=6,/*31
4
T,.5, N Q E/*3/6-63/*+ 3 5,1 3:@56),)6+/31 35 @'+931+'
4
T,.5, N U*656,)6;/ 3 '3)='1+1 *3)/+5;06)+1
Q%
T,.5, N & C+/+)6-63/*+ 3 ,@56),)6;/ 3 1+9*,'3 3/ -,*3-*6),1 T,.5, N C+/+)6-63/*+ 1+.'3 35 -,/3>+ 3 5, <+>, 3 )5)=5+ E:)35
Q Q$
T,.5, N M3>+',-63/*+ 35 ,@'3/6,>3 -36,/*3 35 =1+ 3 5, <+>, 3 )5)=5+
Q
T,.5, N $% P'361@+16)6;/ @,', ),@,)6*,'13
Q4
T,.5, N $ A@'3/6,>3 3 5+1 31*=6,/*31
QQ
T,.5, N $$ E:61*3/)6, 3 )+-@=*,+', 3/ ),1, T,.5, N $ D61@+/6.656, 3 6/*3'/3* 3/ ),1,
Q Q&
T,.5, N $4 M,/3>+ 35 @'+0',-, E:)35
Q
T,.5, N $Q I/*3'1 @+' 5, ,160/,*=', -,*3-*6),1
Q
T,.5, N $ U*656,)6;/ 3 )+-@=*,+',
%
T,.5, N $& C,@,)6*,)6;/ 35 +)3/*3
T,.5, N $ E/7(+ 3 *,'3,1 =*656,/+ 6/*3'/3*
$
T,.5, N $ A0',+ @+'=3 1= <6>+ ,@'3/, , =*656,' 5, <+>, 3 )5)=5+
T,.5, N % M3>+',-63/*+ 35 ,@'3/6,>3 -36,/*3 35 =1+ 3 5, <+>, 3 )5)=5+
4
INDICE DE GR4FICOS G'96)+ N A0',+ <,)6, 5,1 -,*3-*6),1
Q
G'96)+ N $ M+*67,)6;/ @,', 35 ,@'3/6,>3
G'96)+ N C+/+)6-63/*+1 @'376+1 3 5, ,160/,*=',
&
G'96)+ N 4 P,'*6)6@,)6;/ 3/ )5,131
G'96)+ N Q E/*3/6-63/*+ 3 5,1 3:@56),)6+/31 35 @'+931+'
G'96)+ N U*656,)6;/ 3 '3)='1+1 *3)/+5;06)+1
4%
G'96)+ N & C+/+)6-63/*+ 3 ,@56),)6;/ 3 1+9*,'3 3/ -,*3-*6),1
4
11
G'96)+ N C+/+)6-63/*+ 1+.'3 35 -,/3>+ 3 5, <+>, 3 )5)=5+ E:)35
4$
G'96)+ N P'361@+16)6;/ @,', ,@'3/3' , -,/3>,' 5, <+>, 3 )5)=5+ E:)35
4
G'96)+ N % M3>+',-63/*+ 35 ,@'3/6,>3 -36,/*3 35 =1+ 3 <+>, 3 )5)=5+
44
G'96)+ N A@'3/6,>3 3 5+1 31*=6,/*31
4Q
G'96)+ N $ U*656,)6;/ 3 ,50/ *6@+ 3 -+*67,)6;/
4
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12
INTRODUCCIÓN E/ 5, 5*6-, ),, 5,1 TICS <,/ 6/95=6+ 3)66,-3/*3 3/ 5, 3/13,/, ,@'3/6,>3 3 5,1 -,*3-*6),12 @=31*+ =3 -=)<+1 +)3/*31 13 <,/ ,@+8,+ 3/ 31*,1 <3'',-63/*,1 *3)/+5;06),1 @,', 31,''+55,' 5,1 )5,131 3 -,/3', 6/-6), 3 6/*3',)*67," A @31,' =3 5,1 TICS /+ <,/ 16+ 5, 1+5=)6;/ 3 5+1 )+/956)*+1 =3 13 @'313/*,/ 3/ 35 @'+)31+ 3 3/13,/,,@'3/6,>3 3 5,1 -,*3-*6),12
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7
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8
CAPÍTULO I 356 ESTADO DEL ARTE 3535 E.r$e+!$ '!'7#!#$ e'!$&e e( ).* 'e ($ 8*9$ 'e #7(#)(* E#e(5 353535 A&e#e'e&e. M,**3116)<2 R6)<,' ,/ G,5,116 G6=13@@32 3/ 5, +.', “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
)+5=-/,1 8 $% 965,1" B'6)56/ @66; ,8=, , B+. ',/1*+/2 I/03/63'+ 35 MIT M,11,)<=13**1 I/1*6*=*3 +9 T3), 353)*';/6)," C+/13)=*67,-3/*3 3/ -3131 -1 *,'3 13 531 =/6'(, D,/635 851*',2 *,-.6/ 35 MIT 8 3 5, 31)=35, 3 /30+)6+1 3 H,'7,'2 =63/ 76+ 35 @+*3/)6,5 )+-3')6,5 =3 1='0(, , *',71 3 5, ,@56),)6;/ 16 5, <,)(,/ )+''3' 3/ =/ -6)'+)+-@=*,+' A@@53" L+1 *'31 9=/,'+/ 3/ 3/3'+ 3 & “S+9*,'3 A'*1 C+'@+',*6+/! 8 3-@'3/63'+/ , )+-3')6,56,' “V616),5)!2 V616.53 C,5)=5,*+'W" L, 3-@'31, 3 D,/635 851*', 55,-,, P3'1+/,5 S+9*,'3 13 )+/76'*6; 3/ “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“35 :6*+ 3*3'-6/,/*3 3:@3'6-3/*,+ @+' 5,1 11
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3535;5 L$ !<*r$&#!$ 'e )!(!=$r 8*9$ 'e #7(#)(* E#e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“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
)5)=5+ 3/ 5, =3 @+3-+1 <,)3' +@3',)6+/31 8 0'96)+1" C+/ 5, <+>, 3 )5)=5+ E:)35 /+ 1+5+ 13 @=33/ )'3,' <+>,1 3 )5)=5+ 3 )=3/*,1 + .,5,/)312 *,-.6/ 13 @=33/ )+/1*'=6' ,@56),)6+/31 1;56,1 @,', 313-@3,' 5,.+'31 3 ,5*+ 0',+ 3 )+-@53>6," D35 16//-3'+ 3 @'+0',-,1 =*656,+1 @,', 35 ,/56161 3 6/9+'-,)6;/ E:)35 160=3 163/+ 5, -1 @+3'+1, <3'',-63/*, *3)/+5;06),2 )+/ 0',/31 73/*,>,1 1+.'3 5+1 +*'+1 @'+0',-,1 )+-@=*,'6,+12 @=31*+ =3 31 =/ @'+0',-, )'3,+ @,', +@3',' *++ 35 )6)5+ 3 76, 3 5+1 ,*+1" P+' *,/*+2 1= =1+ 3/ 5,1 3-@'31,12 03/3', )+/+)6-63/*+ @,', *+-,' 3)616+/312 )+/ 1+5+ ,/,56,' =/, .,13 3 ,*+1 , *',71 3 =/, 3 5,1 G'96)+1 D6/-6),12 )+/1*6*=83/+ 5, 6/9+'-,)6;/ 8 @'3@,'/+5, @,', )+/13)=*67,-3/*3 ),'0,'5, 8 <,)3' 35 '31@3)*67+ ,/561612 16/ 6-@+'*,' =3 5, 9=3/*3 13 3/)=3/*'3 3/ 693'3/*31 @'+0',-,1 + *6@+1 3 ,')<67+1"
T++ 31*3 ,)+/*3)6-63/*+ 13 @=33 5530,' , 5+0',' =*656,/+ 5, <+>, 3 )5)=5+ E:)352 @+' *,5 -+*67+2 +@3',' 31*, <3'',-63/*, , 5, @3'93))6;/ 31 3 -=)<, 6-@+'*,/)6, @,', )=,5=63' 31*=6,/*32 *',.,>,+' + 3-@'3/3+' 16/ 6-@+'*,' 1= *',.,>+2 )5,13 + /6735 1+)6+3)+/;-6)+
E:)35 @'313/*, =/, 13'63 3 ,)*676,31 =3 )+/ 355, 13 @=33 '3,56,' 3/*'3 355, *3/3-+1 C+-@,',)6+/31 73'*606/+1,1 8 130=',1
•
B'6/, 7,'6,,1 ),',)*3'(1*6),1 3 6/1*'=-3/*+1 @+3'+1+1 @,', ,8=,'53 , 31)=.'6'
•
31=3-,1 + @'361@+16)6+/31 =3 @=33/ 5537,' , -36,1 -1 +'63/*,,1 I/)'3-3/*, 5, ),@,)6, 3 '3,56,' ,/56161 3 0',/31 )+/>=/*+1 3 ,*+1"
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P3'-6*3 ,=6'6' =/ )+-@3/6+ 761=,5 3 5+1 ,*+1 , *',71 3 @3=3+1 0'96)+1 =3
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3/05+.,/ 3/*'+ 3 =/, )35, >=/*+ , 5+1 ,*+1 35 *3:*+ )+/ 5+1 /=37+1 -6/6 0'96)+1" •
65*', ),/*6,31 3 6/9+'-,)6;/ 3 0',/ *,-,+ 3 9+'-, 73'*606/+1, 8 ,=*+-*6),
)+/ 5, /=37, 9=/)6+/,56," M3>+', 1= '3/6-63/*+2 @3'-6*63/+ 5537,' , ),.+ 1= *',.,>+ )+/ -,8+' ',@63 8
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3535>5 U.* 'e ($ 8*9$ 'e #7(#)(* E#e( #** 8err$!e&$ '!'7#!#$ e& ($. $)($. 'e 13
#($.e E1 -3/31*3' '3)+/+)3' =3 35 =1+ 3 5,1 <3'',-63/*,1 *3)/+5+0(,1 3/ 5+1 5*6-+1 ,+1 13 <, 03/3',56,+2 , *,5 @=/*+ =3 13 <, )+/73'*6+ 3/ <3'',-63/*,1 6)*6),1 3/ 5,1 ,=5,1 3 )5,132 )+-+ @+' 3>3-@5+ 5+1 @'+)31,+'31 3 *3:*+2 =3 1+/ =*656,+1 3/ 5, -,8+'(, 3 5+1 ),1+1 @,', *',/1)'6.6' 6/9+'-,)6;/" S6/ 3-.,'0+2 /+ *+,1 5,1 ,@56),)6+/31 13 <,/ =*656,+ )+/ 31*3 96/2 *,5 31 35 ),1+ 3 5+1 031*+'31 3 .,131 3 ,*+1 8 5,1 <+>,1 3 )5)=5+2 )=8+ 3-@53+ )+/*6/, @'6-+'6,5-3/*3 56-6*,+ ,5 -.6*+ @'+9316+/,5" E/ 35 ),-@+ 3=),*67+2 '31=5*, 6//30,.53 5,1 0',/31 @+16.656,31 8 .3/396)6+1 =3 @'31*,/ 5, <+>, 3 )5)=5+ E:)352 /+ 1;5+ 3/ -,*3-*6),1 + 3/ 5, 9(16), +/3 1= =1+ @=33 '31=5*,' 3 -=)<, =*656, @,', 9+-3/*,' 35 ,@'3/6,>3 3 5+1 31*=6,/*312 @3'+ 3/ 5, '3,56, 31*,1 <3'',-63/*,1 /+ 1+/ 5+ 1=96)63/*3-3/*3 3:@5+*,,1 313 35 @=/*+ 3 761*, 6)*6)+2 , @31,' 3 5+1 0',/31 .3/396)6+1 =3 +9'3)3/ 3/ 35 *',*,-63/*+ 31*,(1*6)+ 8 5, '3@'313/*,)6;/ 0'96), 3 1=1 '31=5*,+1" H+8 3/ (, 3:61*3/ =/ 0',/ /-3'+ 3 +)3/*312 31@3)6,5-3/*32 5+1 31*=6,/*31 =3 @,1,/ -=)<+ *63-@+ 3/*'3 *3:*+1 606*,5312 +-6/,/+ 5, /,730,)6;/ 3/ 5, 3. 8 3-@53,/+ *,/*+ 35 )+''3+ 353)*';/6)+ 8 +*',1 <3'',-63/*,1 3 )+-=/6),)6;/ 1+)6,52 @3'+2 3/ *'-6/+1 03/3',5312 /+ )+/+)3/ 5,1 .,131 3 ,*+1 8 5,1 <+>,1 3 )5)=5+ 8 13 -,/*63/3/ ,53>,+1 3 1= =1+" L, <+>, 3 )5)=5+ E:)35 3/ 5, 3=),)6;/2 31 3 -=)<, 6-@+'*,/)6, 8 1= =1+ '3163 13/)655,-3/*3 3/ 1,.3' =*656,' 965,1 8 )+5=-/,1 @,', ,5-,)3/,' 6/9+'-,)6;/ )'3,/+ =/, .,13 3 ,*+12 35,.+',' <+>,1 3 *',.,>+ 8 56.'+1 )+/*,.531 353)*';/6)+12 3/*'3 +*',1 ,)*676,31 =3 6/7+5=)'3/ 35 =1+ 8 -,/3>+ 3 G'96)+1" E5 =1+ 3 5, <+>, 3 )5)=5+ E:)35 31 3 -=)<, 9,)656,2 @=31 @3'-6*3 3 9+'-, ,=*+-*6),2 '3,56,' 5,1 +@3',)6+/31 -,*3-*6),1 8 ,<+'','13 .=3/, @,'*3 35 *63-@+ )+/ 1= =*656,)6;/" P+' *,/*+2 5+1 +)3/*31 *63/3/ 3/ 1=1 -,/+1 31*, <3'',-63/*, =3 16'73 @,', 35 613+2 -,/3>+ 3 6/*3'@'3*,)6;/ 3 5, 6/9+'-,)6;/ 3/ )=,5=63', 3 5,1 ,160/,*=',12 @=63/+ '3,56,' *',.,>+1 13/)655+12 <,1*, 5+1 -1 )+-@53>+1 8 3:603/*31 35 -3'),+ 3=),*67+ 5,.+',5" C=,5=63', =3 13, 5, 6/9+'-,)6;/2 @+3-+1 '3,56,' 1= *',*,-63/*+ 3 6/93'6' ,50=/+1 31)3/,'6+1 6-@+'*,/*31 3 5, -61-,2 3-@53,/+ 0'96)+12 9+'-=5,12 3*)"2 E5 )+-@+'*,-63/*+ 3 5, 6/9+'-,)6;/ /+1 '3953>, 5+1 ),-6/+1 , -3>+',' + 31*'=)*=','2 8, 14
13, 3/ *'-6/+1 3=),*67+1 + .63/ 3-@'31,'6,531" L,1 <+>,1 3 )5)=5+ 5+0','+/ 1=1 -1 0',/31 -3*,1 3/ 5, ),, 3 5+1 +)<3/*, )+/ 35 @3'93))6+/,-63/*+ 3 5,1 )+-@=*,+',1 @3'1+/,5312 5,1 )=,531 9=3'+/ 3-@53,,1 @'6/)6@,5-3/*3 3/ *3-,1 3 3)+/+-(," P,',535,-3/*3 ,50=/+1 )63/*(96)+1 )+-3/,'+/ , =1,' ,50=/+1 @'+0',-,12 )+-+ 35 V616C,5) + L+*=12 3/ 1=1 )5)=5+1 8 3/ 5, 3>3)=)6;/ 3 -+35+1 -,*3-*6)+1" H+8 35 1+9*,'3 -1 67=50,+ 31 35 E:)35" E/ 5, 3/13,/, 3 5,1 )63/)6,12 ,5'33+' 35 ,+ Q2 1='03/ 5+1 @'6-3'+1 ,'*()=5+1 1+.'3 ,@56),)6+/31 3=),*67,1 3 5,1 “1@'3,1<33*1! 3/ '3761*,1 /+'*3,-3'6),/,12 @+' 3>3-@5+2 3/ T<3 S)63/)3 T3,)<3'2 J+'/,5 +9 C<3-6),5 E=),*6+/2 3/*'3 +*'+1" O1.+'/ &W 13,5, “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•
B1=3, 3 '31=5*,+12 , *',71 35 =1+ 3 G'96)+1 3 '31=5*,+1 )+/130=6+1 , *',71 3 7,'6,+1 8 -5*6@531 3:@3'6-3/*+1"
15
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A/56161 3 ,*+1 @3'-6*3 )+''306' 3''+'312 '3,56,' )5)=5+1 3 @'+-36+1 8 +*',1
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9=/)6+/31 =3 )+''31@+/3/ , 5, 31*,(1*6)," B1=3, 3 '35,)6+/31 5+ )=,5 5+ <,)3 , *',71 35 =1+ 3 693'3/*31 9;'-=5,12 =3
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@3'-6*3 31*6-,' 5,1 '35,)6+/31 =3 3:61*3/ 3/*'3 5,1 7,'6,.531 3 =/ *3-, 31*=6,+" C5)=5+1 9,)656*,' 35 *',.,>+ -,*3-*6)+2 @3'-6*63/+ @'31)6/6' 3 )5)=5+1
•
)+-@53>+1" U1+ 3 0'96)+1 @3'-6*3 35 =1+ 3 693'3/*31 )5,131 3 0'96)+12 @,', '3@'313/*,' 5+1
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,*+1 3 5+1 @'+.53-,1 @5,/*3,+1" A>=1*3 3 )='7,1 31 3 -=)<, =*656, @,', ,>=1*,' 5,1 '35,)6+/31 3 5+1 ,*+1 , )='7,1 56/3,52 @+*3/)6,5 8 3:@+/3/)6,5" E5 31*=6+ 8 ,/56161 3 ,50=/,1 )='7,1 @3'-6*3 +.*3/3' /=37, 6/9+'-,)6;/ )+-+ @+' 3>3-@5+ @,'-3*'+1 =3 13 +.*63/3/ 3 5, @3/63/*3 3 =/, '3)*,"
L, 0',/ =*656, =3 @'31*, 35 =1+ 3 5, <+>, 3 )5)=5+ E:)352 '3163 3/ =3 @'+)33/ )+-+ 393)*67+1 @'+0',-,12 16/ /3)316, =3 35 =1=,'6+ +-6/3 =/ 53/0=,>3 3 @'+0',-,)6;/" E/ 31*3 13/*6+2 C,'1+/ &W 1+1*63/3 =3 “35 =1+ 3 =/, <+>, 3 )5)=5+ @,', 5, 3/13,/, 3 5,1 )63/)6,1 31* 56-6*,+ @+' 5, 6-,06/,)6;/ 35 =1=,'6+ -1 =3 @+' 35 @+*3/)6,5 35 1+9*,'3!" P2 %W D'63'2 $%%W 13,5, =3 “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
16
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3535?5 L$. e.r$e+!$. '!'7#!#$. #*& e( ).* 'e ($ 8*9$ 'e #7(#)(* E#e( e& ($ e&.e@$&=$ 'e ($. $e7!#$.5 D673'1+1 31*=6+12 3/*'3 355+1 35 3 Y+5,/, C,-@+1 QW2 13,5, =3 35 ,@'3/6,>3 3 5, -,*3-*6), 31 “=/ @'+)31+ 3 6/*3',))6;/ )+/1)63/*3 )+/ 5, '3,56, , @,'*6' 3 5, )=,5 13 03/3',/ -+35+1 )+/)3@*=,531 8 9+'-,531 3 355,2 )+/ 673'1+ 0',+ 3 ,.1*',))6;/2 <,.63/+ 5, /3)316, 3 3>3')6*,' 5+1 -+35+1 8 3 ,@56),'5+1 3/ /=37,1 16*=,)6+/31 @,', 5+0',' 5, @3'-,/3/)6, 8 5, *',/193'3/)6,! @2 QW D3 5, -61-, 9+'-,2 D3 +53+ $%4W ,96'-, =3 “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“=3 5,1 31*',*306,1 3.3/ 13' @3'*6/3/*31 @,', 31,''+55,' 3/ 5+1 31*=6,/*31 5, ),@,)6, 3 @3/1,'! @2 $4W" P+' *,5 ',;/ @,', =3 3:61*, =/ .=3/ ,@'3/6,>3 3 5+1 )+/)3@*+1 -,*3-*6)+1 3/13,+1 3/ 35 ,=5,2 31 /3)31,'6+ 6/6)6,' 1= 3/13,/, , *',71 3 =/, 16*=,)6;/ 6)*6), =3 @'+/=/)63 35 )+-@+'*,-63/*+ 3 =/, @,'*3 3 5, '3,56, 3/ 5, =3 13 @'3*3/3 ,)*=,'2 3 5, )=,5 13 3'67,/ @'+.53-,1 =3 13 1+5=)6+/,/2 31*/,'31 8 -+35+1 =3 13 )+/1*'=83/ 8 )+/)3@*+1 =3 13 ,.1*',3/" P+' *,/*+2 31 /3)31,'6+ 5, 18
3>3')6*,)6;/ @3'-,/3/*32 5+ =3 @3'-6*6' 5+0',' 5, 31*,.656, 8 *',/1-616;/ 3 5+1 )+/)3@*+1 , /=37,1 ,@56),)6+/31 8 @'+.53-,1" E5 0',/ 6-@,)*+ =3 <, *3/6+ 5, )+-@=*,+', 3/ 5, 3=),)6;/ 3/ 35 1605+ XXI2 <, )+/)3.6+ =/, '3953:6;/ 3/ *+'/+ , 1= =1+ 3/ 35 1,5;/ 3 )5,13" E5 ,@,'3)6-63/*+ 3 7,'6,+ 1+9*,'3 @,', 5, 3/13,/, 3 5,1 -,*3-*6),1 8 1= 6/)+'@+',)6;/ 3/ 35 1,5;/ 3 )5,1312 '3=63'3 =3 13, 35 +)3/*3 3 -,*3-*6),1 =63/ 6-@5,/*3 )+/)3@*+1 8 @'+.53-,1 -,*3-*6)+12 )+/ 35 ,@+8+ 3 5, )+-@=*,+'," E/ 31*3 13/*6+2 A'),76 H,,12 $%%%W2 13,5,/ =3 “L, 3:61*3/)6, 3 5, )+-@=*,+', @5,/*3, , 5+1 3=),+'31 -,*3-*6)+1 35 '3*+ 3 613,' ,)*676,31 =3 *+-3/ 73/*,>, 3 ,=355,1 ),',)*3'(1*6),1 )+/ @+*3/)6,5 @,', ,@+8,' /=37+1 ),-6/+1 3 ,@'3/6,>3!" @" 4W" A=/=3 13 531 <, ,+ =/ 0',/ 6-@=51+ , 5,1 /=37,1 *3)/+5+0(,12 ,/ -=)<+1 @'+931+'31 '3)<,,/ 35 =1+ 3 ),5)=5,+',1 8 )+-@=*,+',1 @+'=3 )'33/ =3 1= =1+ 6/<6.6' +*',1 <,.656,31" S60=63/+ 35 +'3/ 3 63,2 H6** $%%W2 13,5, “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
)63'*, )=5 31 35 =1+ =3 13 3.3 ,' , 5, *3)/+5+0(, 353)*';/6), 3/ 5, 3/13,/, 35 )5)=5+ 31)+5,'" L+ -1 @3560'+1+ 3 5, *3)/+5+0(, 31 =3 1*,1 13 7=3573/ +.1+53*,12 ,/*31 3 =3 13@,-+1 = <,)3' )+/ 355,1 3/ 31*3 ),-@+" P+' 3>3-@5+2 5,1 ),5)=5,+',1 3/ 5, ,)*=,56, 13 <,/ 7=35*+ 6/*6531 9'3/*3 , 5,1 <+>,1 3 )5)=5+ 82 16/ 3-.,'0+2 ,/ /+ 1,.3-+1 1+.'3 = <,)3' )+/ 1= =1+ 31)+5,'" E5 @'+0',-, E:)352 ,5 *3/3' 6-@53-3/*,,1 5,1 9=/)6+/31 -,*3-*6),1 .16),1 8 @3'-6*6' 5, @'+0',-,)6;/ 3 /+*,)6+/312 16/ =3 @,', 31*+ 13, /3)31,'6+ ,=6'6' 3 6/1*,5,' 1+9*,'3 ,6)6+/,52 @=33 )+/1*6*=6'132 130/ E1@6/+, $%4W “3/ =/, @+3'+1, <3'',-63/*, @,', )'3,' ,-.63/*31 3 ,@'3/6,>3 =3 3/'6=3),/ 5, '3@'313/*,)6;/2 )+-@'3/16;/ 8 1+5=)6;/ 3 @'+.53-,1 3/ -,*3-*6),2 3/ @,'*6)=5,' 3/ 35 *3-, 3 9=/)6+/31!" N=-3'+1,1 3=))6+/31 8 '31=5*,+1 3 3:@3'63/)6,1 3 6/731*60,)6+/31 13,5,/ =32 35 =1+ 3 <+>,1 3 )5)=5+ @3'-6*3 31,''+55,' 3/ 5+1 31*=6,/*312 5,1 <,.656,31 @,', +'0,/6,' *++ *6@+ 3 ,*+12 3>3)=*,' 7,'6,,1 0'96),1F '3735,' 31=3-,1F 3/*3/3' )+/)3@*+1 -,*3-*6),1 .16)+1 )+-+ )+/*3+2 ,6)6;/2 1=1*',))6;/2 -=5*6@56),)6;/ 8 67616;/2 31*6-=5,' 5,1 ),@,)6,31 -3/*,531 3 5+1 31*=6,/*31 3/*'3 +*',1" E:61*3/ /=-3'+1+1 31*=6+1 8 5+1 *',.,>+1 '35,)6+/,+1 )+/ 35 *3-,2 =/+ 3 355+1 31 35 393)*=,+ @+' E1@6/+, $%%W2 1+.'3 35 =1+ 6)*6)+ 3 5, <+>, 353)*';/6), E:)352 =63/ 31*,.53)3 “5, =*656, 3 5, <+>, 353)*';/6), E:)35 + 1= 3=67,53/*3 3/ +*'+1 161*3-,1 +@3',*67+1 @,', 5, 3/13,/, 3 )+/)3@*+1 -,*3-*6)+1 16/ *3/3' =3 '3)=''6' , 1+9*,'3 ,6)6+/,52 )+/ 1= )+''31@+/63/*3 )+1*+ @+' 56)3/)6,-63/*+ 8 )+/ 1= )='7, 3 ,@'3/6,>3 @,', 35 @'+931+' 8 @,', 35 31*=6,/*3! @"W D3 ,)=3'+ , E1@6/+, 5, <+>, 3 )5)=5+ E:)35 31 =/, <3'',-63/*, 13/)655, 3 =*656,'132 +/3 13 3-@53,/ @+)+1 '3)='1+1 3 @'+0',-,)6;/ =',/*3 1= =1+2 163/+ -1 1+961*6),,2 3/ )=,/*+ ,5 6/0'31+ 3 @,'-3*'+1 8 9+'-,*+1 3 1,56,2 @+' 5+ *,/*+2 31 '3)+-3/,.53 1= =*656,)6;/2 @+' )=,/*+ 31*3 @'+0',-, 13 3/)=3/*', 6/1*,5,+ 3/ *+,1 5,1 )+-@=*,+',1 @3'1+/,5312 ,1( )+-+ 3/ 5+1 5,.+',*+'6+1 3 )+-@=*,)6;/ 3 5,1 6/1*6*=)6+/31 3=),*67," D3 ,)=3'+ , 5,1 6/731*60,)6+/31 3 L,', $%%W2 =',/*3 5, ,@56),)6;/ 3 /=37,1 31*',*306,1 3 ,@'3/6,>32 5,1 TICS <,/ 3-+1*',+ 13' '3537,/*31 3/ 35 20
9+'*,53)6-63/*+ 3 )+/6)6+/31 )+5,.+',*67,12 )'3,*67,12 6//+7,+',12 '3953:67,12 )'(*6),1 8 3 6/731*60,)6;/2 -,/6931*,/+ =3 “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Á57,'3 W )+/)5=83'+/ =3 “,5=-/+1 )+/ 696)=5*,31 @,', 35 )5)=5+ -,*3-*6)+ @+'(,/ ,=6'6' 31*'3, 3/ 5, -3*++5+0(, 3 6/731*60,)6;/ 31*,(1*6)," E/ 5, -3*++5+0(, *',6)6+/,5 31*,1 696)=5*,31 3 )5)=5+1 @')*6),-3/*3 6/),@,)6*,/ ,5 ,5=-/+2 16/ @3'-6*6'53 5530,' , 5, 3*,@, 3 6/*3'@'3*,)6;/ 3 '31=5*,+1 8 =.6),)6;/ 3/*'+ 3 =/ )+/*3:*+ -1 ,-@56+! @2 W T,@6, $%%W2 3/ 1=1 *',.,>+1 6/731*60,*67+ )+/)5=83 =3 “31*,-+1 '3)6/ 3-@3,/+ , 13/*6' 35 6-@,)*+ 3 5, )+-@=*,+', 1+.'3 5, 3/13,/, 8 35 ,@'3/6,>3 3 5, 31*,(1*6)," M=)<,1 ,@56),)6+/31 3 5, )+-@=*,+', 3/ 5, 3=),)6;/ ,@'+73)<,/ 35 ,1@3)*+ 6)*6)+ 35 31@5630=3 3 5, @,/*,55," L, )+/*'6.=)6;/ 3 5, )+-@=*,+', 31 5, 3 =/, ,8=, @,', 35 )5)=5+2 @,', 0',96),' 8 @,', 31,''+55,' 63,12 @+/63/+ /9,161 3/ -3*++5+0(, 3 5, 6/731*60,)6;/ 31*,(1*6), 8 35 31*=6+ 35 ,/56161 3:@5+',*+'6+" L, )+-@=*,+', @+' 1( 1+5, /+ -3>+', 5, 3/13,/,2 *3/3-+1 =3 ,@'3/3' , ,@'+73)<,'5, ,5 -:6-+"! @2 W P+' )+/160=63/*31 31 @'+@6)6+ -,/6931*,' =32 @,', @+3' *',.,>,' 396),-3/*3 )+/ E:)35 3/ 5,1 ,=5,12 31 6-@3'6+1+ =3 5+1 +)3/*31 ,@'3/,/ , =*656,' )+''3)*,-3/*3 8 31@5630=3/ =/ 16//-3'+ 3 ,)*676,31 -+*67,+',1 =3 531 16'7,/ 3 @'3-.=5+ @,', 6' ,=-3/*,/+ 5+1 )+/+)6-63/*+1 1+.'3 6)<, <3'',-63/*, 8 3 31*, -,/3', @+3' ,@'+73)<,' *+,1 5,1 .+/,31 =3 /+1 +9'3)3" D3 31*, -,/3', 5+1 +)3/*31 )+/130=6'/ ,@+8,' 35 -3>+',-63/*+ 3 5, 3=),)6;/ 3 5+1 31*=6,/*31 , *',71 35 =1+ 3 5, <+>, 3 )5)=5+"
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
23
@,1,' , 5, @')*6), 8 =3 1= 3/13,/,2 3.3'(, 31*,' )3/*',, 31@3)6,5-3/*3 3/ 5, 160/696),)6;/ 8 3/ 5, )+-@'3/16;/ 3 5+1 )+/)3@*+1 -,*3-*6)+1" E:61*3/ 7,'6,1 *3+'(,1 =3 <,/ 31*=6,+ =',/*3 7,'6+1 ,+1 35 ,@'3/6,>3 3 5+1 31*=6,/*31 3/ -,*3-*6),12 3/*'3 5,1 )=,531 13 31*,),/ T3+'(, 35 ,@'3/6,>3 3 T<+'/63" D, @'6+'6, ,5 *',.,>+ ,1+)6,*67+2 8 1= 538 35 393)*+ 9=3 -=8 6/95=83/*3 3/ 35 613+ 35 )=''()=5+ 3 5,1 -,*3-*6),1 353-3/*,531 3/ 5, @'6-3', -6*, 3 31*3 1605+" E1*,1 *3+'(,1 3 *6@+ )+/=)*61*, @,*'+)6/,'+/ =/ ,@'3/6,>3 @,167+2 3'67,+ @+' 5, '3@'+=))6;/ 3 ,1+)6,)6+/31 31*(-=5+'31@=31*, 8 =/, '3)+53))6;/ 3 9',0-3/*+1 ,615,+12 =3 6/7+5=)',., =/ 9=3'*3 -,/3>+ 3 5, @')*6), 8 35 '39=3'+ 3/ *,'3,1 -3-+'(1*6),12 16/ =3 13 @'+@+')6+/3 =/ 31)5,'3)6-63/*+ 8 3:@56),)6;/ 03/3',5 3 5, 31*'=)*=', 3 5+1 )+/*3/6+1 , ,@'3/3'" A 31*, *3+'(, 13 ,9'+/*; B'+3552 =3 @'+*30(, 5, /3)316, 3 =/ ,@'3/6,>3 160/696),*67+ 3 5,1 -,*3-*6),12 )+/ -6', , )=5*67,' 5, )+-@'3/16;/ 8 /+ 5+1 @'+)36-63/*+1 -3)/6)+1 35 )5)=5+" D3 60=,5 -,/3', P6,03*2 '3,))6+/; )+/*', 5+1 -+35+1 ,1+)6,)6+/61*,12 8 3/1,8; 5,1 +@3',)6+/31 5;06),1 =3 1=.8,)3/ , =/ 16//-3'+ 3 ,)*676,31 -,*3-*6),1 .16),12 )+/163'/+5,1 )+-+ )+/6)6+/31 @,', 5, )+-@'3/16;/ 35 /-3'+ 8 3 5, -36," A @31,' 3 =3 , P6,03* /+ 53 6/*3'31,.,/ 5+1 @'+.53-,1 3 ,@'3/6,>3 3 5,1 -,*3-*6),12 -=)<,1 3 1=1 )+/*'6.=)6+/31 160=3/ '36/,/*31 3/ 5, 3/13,/, 3 5,1 -,*3-*6),1 353-3/*,531 8 )+/1*6*=83/ =/ -,/,*+ =3 13 <, ,0'30,+ , 5, 3=),)6;/" S6/ 3-.,'0+2 1= ,1373',)6;/ 3 =3 5,1 +@3',)6+/31 5;06),1 1+/ =/, )+/6)6;/ @,', 3696),' 5+1 )+/)3@*+1 /=-'6)+1 8 ,'6*-*6)+12 <, 16+ )+/*31*,, 313 @5,/*3,-63/*+1 -1 '3)63/*31 =3 3963/3/ =/ -+35+ 3 6/*30',)6;/ 3 <,.656,312 +/3 1+/ 6-@+'*,/*31 *,/*+ 35 31,''+55+ 3 5+1 ,1@3)*+1 /=-'6)+1 )+-+ 5+1 5;06)+1" A=*+'31 )+-+ A=1=.352 B'=/3' G,0/ Y V80+*182 ,@+'*,'+/ )+/ 1=1 6/731*60,)6+/31 1+.'3 35 ,@'3/6,>3 3 5,1 -,*3-*6),12 =3'63/+ 31)=.'6' =3 31 5+ =3 <,)3/ '3,5-3/*3 5+1 /6+1 )=,/+ 5537,/ , ),.+ =/, ,)*676, -,*3-*6),2 '3/=/)6,/+ 35 ,/0+1*+ ),-6/+ 3 5, )+/=)*, +.13'7,.53 @,', )+/163',' )+0/6*67+1 6/*3'/+1"
35;5;5 L$. !&/e.!+$#!*&e. .*-re ($ "*r$ 'e $')!r!r e( #*&*#!!e&* $e7!#* D,761 8 H3'1< ]$W 1=.',8,/ 35 '+5 =3 >=30, 5,1 -,*3-*6),1 3/ 5, 6,5)*6), 3-@6'61-+',)6+/,561-+2 +/3 '3),5), =3 @,', 5+1 3-@6'61*,1 )516)+12 5, -,*3-*6), 24
31 =/, 3:)3@)6;/ 3-.,',+1,2 , 5, 9+'-, 3 ,=616)6;/ 35 )+/+)6-63/*+2 @=31*+ =3 31*,.53)3 =/ )+/+)6-63/*+ 5+0',+ @+' -36+1 /+ 13/16*67+1F -63/*',1 =3 @,', 5+1 ',)6+/,561*,12 5,1 -,*3-*6),1 1+/ =/ 3>3-@5+ =3 )+''+.+', 5, 63, 35 )+/+)6-63/*+2 8, =3 5, ',;/2 16/ /3)316, 3 )+/+)6-63/*+ 13/16.532 31*,.53)3 5, ,*',))6;/ 8 ),@*,)6;/ 3 5,1 73',31 -,*3-*6),1" L+1 +1 @=/*+1 3 761*,2 -,/*63/3/ =/, '35,)6;/ 3/*'3 5, /,*=',53, 8 5,1 -,*3-*6),12 6/1*6*=6, , @,'*6' 35 M6*+ 3 E=)56312 5+1 )=,531 )+/*63/3/ 73',31 )5,',1 3 6/)=31*6+/,.531 =3 )+''31@+/3/ ,5 =/673'1+2 ,=6'6,1 @+' ',+/,-63/*+ ,:6+-*6)+" D313 31*, 1=@+16)6;/2 5, ,)*676, -,*3-*6), 31 3>3')6)6+ 3 5, ',;/ 8 )+/*',1*3 )+/ 5, /,*=',53,2 5,1 )=,531 37+5=)6+/,'/ , @+16)6+/31 =3 13@,',/ 35 )+/+)6-63/*+ -,*3-*6)+ 3 5, /,*=',53,F ,1( 35 E-@6'61-+ + P+16*6761-+ L;06)+ E1)=35, 3 V63/,W2 5530, , )+/163',' 5,1 -,*3-*6),1 )+-+ =/ 53/0=,>3 @,', 5,1 +*',1 )63/)6,1" L, @+16)6;/ 3 5, )63/)6, '3/,)3/*61*, C+@531*+/2 %W2 3:@'31, =3 5,1 -,*3-*6),1 ,.,1*3)3/ 6/9+'-,)6;/ 1+.'3 35 -=/+2 3 ,<( =3 1='03 5, )=31*6;/ 3 );-+ 13 5530, , ,=6'6' 6)<, 6/9+'-,)6;/" A5 '31@+/3' , 31*, @'30=/*, 13 1=1)6*, 5, 6,5)*6), 3-@6'61-+',)6+/,561-+2 +/3 5+1 3-@6'61*,1 3963/3/ =3 35 )+/+)6-63/*+ 13 >=1*696), @+' 5+1 13/*6+12 -63/*',1 =3 5+1 ',)6+/,561*,1 3@61*3-+5;06)+1 3-@5,,/ 3/ 5, ',;/ 35 /6)+ ;'0,/+ 3 )+/+)6-63/*+" D+= &W 356-6*, 35 6/*=6)6+/61-+ -36,/*3 35 @'6/)6@6+ 3 )+/1*'=))6;/ 8 35 @'6/)6@6+ 3 6/*=6)6;/ -,*3-*6)," E1*3 13/*6+ 6/*=6)6+/61*, 3 )+/1*'=))6;/ 13 3/)=3/*', 76/)=5,+ )+/ 5,1 @+1*=',1 6/*=6)6+/61*,1 3 B'+=3'2 1=@+/3 =/, )+/1*'=))6;/ 3:*3'/, 8 *63/3 =/ 13/*6+ -,*3-*6)+" E5 @31+ ,)*=,5 35 6/*=6)6+/61-+ )516)+ 31 31),1+2 )+/ 5+ =3 13 )+/*3-@5, 31*, 6,5)*6), -1 )+-+ =/, )+/*'+73'16, <61*;'6),2 =3 )+-+ @+1*=',1 3@61*3-+5;06),1 ,)*=,531" D3 31*, -,/3', 56/3 QW2 )6*,/+ , [653'2 3963/3 35 @31+ 3 5, 6/*=6)6;/ 3/ *+, )+/1*'=))6;/ -,*3-*6),2 13,5,/+ =3 5, 3-+1*',)6;/ 31 =/ @,1+ @+1*3'6+'2 =/, )+-@'+.,)6;/ =3 ,@56),-+1 , 5+ =3 5, 6/*=6)6;/ /+1 1=063'3K" D+= &W 6/6), =3 35 6/*=6)6+/61*, ,@56), 1= 6/*=6)6;/2 35,.+', 5, /+)6;/ 8 96/,5-3/*3 3-@63, 1= ,)*676, -,*3-*6),2 )+/ 5+ =3 13 @'313/*, =/ 5(-6*3 69=1+ 3/*'3 5+ @'3 -,*3-*6)+ 8 5+ -,*3-*6)+" C+/ 355+ @63/1, =3 /+ 31* )5,'+ =3 25
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
35;5>5 F*r$. 'e #*&#e-!r e( $3 “5,1 *3+'(,1 ,1+)6,)6+/61*,1 8 5,1 *3+'(,1 31*'=)*=',561*,1" M63/*',1 =3 5,1 ,1+)6,)6+/61*,1 @,'*3/ 3 =/, ,)*6*= ,/,5(*6),2 =3 531 <,)3 31)+-@+/3' 5+1 @'+)31+1 @16)+5;06)+1 3/ =/6,31 353-3/*,5312 5,1 31*'=)*=',561*,1 )+/163',/ =3 5,1 =/6,31 3 31*=6+ 3 5, 26
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
-3/*,5312 8 )+/13)=*67,-3/*3 *',1*+'/, 1=1 31*'=)*=',1 @,', ,3)=,'5, , 5, 9+'-, 3/ =3 31)=.'3 5+1 93/;-3/+1" S3 @'+=)3 ,1( =/ @'+)31+ 3 3=656.',)6;/ )+/*6/=,2 =',/*3 35 31,''+55+ 35 6/676=+" V60+*18 313 =/, @+1*=', 31*'=)*=',561*,2 3/),>, 3/ 35 31=3-, E1*(-=5+ R31@=31*, =/ -36,+'2 =3 31* +'0,/6,+ @+' 35 160/+" E55+ 53 5537, , 61*6/0=6' 35 ,@'3/6,>3 31@+/*/3+ 35 ,@'3/6,>3 )63/*(96)+" E5 @'6-3'+ @=33 -,/6931*,'13 3/ *'-6/+1 ,1+)6,)6+/61*,12 -63/*',1 =3 @,', =3 13 +'606/3 35 130=/+ '3=63'3 =/, '331*'=)*=',)6;/ 9=/,, 3/ =/ 161*3-, 3 160/+1 =3 -36,/ /=31*',1 ,))6+/312 , 5, 73 =3 -+696), 5, @3'1+/, =3 6/*3',)*, )+/ 1= 3/*+'/+" E1*+1 160/+1 1+/ 1=-6/61*',+1 @+' 5, )=5*=',2 35 -36+ 1+)6,52 )+/ 5+ =3 35 @'+)31+ 3 31,''+55+ 35 ,@'3/6,>3 6'(, 35 3:*3'6+' ,5 6/*3'6+'2 -36,/*3 =/ @'+)31+ 3 6/*3'/,56,)6;/ + *',/19+'-,)6;/ 3 5,1 ,))6+/31 3:*3'/,12 1+)6,5312 3/ ,))6+/31 6/*3'/,12 @16)+5;06),1" L, 538 9=/,-3/*,5 3 5, ,=616)6;/ 35 )+/+)6-63/*+ @,', V60+*18 ,96'-,'(, =3 1*3 )+-63/, 163/+ +.>3*+ 3 6/*3'),-.6+ 1+)6,52 31 3)6'2 )+-63/, 163/+ 6/*3'@3'1+/,5 @,',2 , )+/*6/=,)6;/2 6/*3'/,56,'13 + <,)3'13 6/*',@3'1+/,5 P++2 2 @" W" T8-+)+ W 3:@3'6-3/*, 5, '35,)6;/ =3 3:61*3 3/*'3 5, ,)*6*= 965+1;96), 1+.'3 5,1 -,*3-*6),1 8 5, 965+1+9(, 3 5, -3/*32 =3 )+-@'3/16.53-3/*3 13 '35,)6+/, )+/ 5+1 @'+)31+1 @,', ,@'3/3'" E-@53,/+ 5, 6)+*+-(, )+/1*'=)*6761-+ '3,561-+2 T8-+)+ '3@56), “=32 16 ,)3@*,-+1 =/, 7616;/ )+/1*'=)*6761*, 3 5,1 -,*3-*6),12 3/*+/)31 )+/)3.6-+1 5, -,*3-*6), )+-+ =/, ,)*676, -3/*,52 =3 3/),>,' 3/ =/, )63'*, *3+'(, 3 5, -3/*3 3/ 5, =3 13 ,)3@*,'(, =3 *++1 /,)3-+1 )+/ 5, @+16.656, 3 <,)3' -,*3-*6),1!" V3'0/,=2 13,5, =3 35 )+/1*'=)*6761-+ @16)+5;06)+2 )+/163', =3 5,1 )+-@3*3/)6,1 8 )+/)3@)6+/31 1+/ )+/1*'=6,1 @+' 5+1 31*=6,/*31" A@'3/3' -,*3-*6),1 31 )+/1*'=6'5,12 E1*, )+/1*'=))6;/ 31 *',,, )+-+ '31@=31*, , =/ @'+.53-, )+0/6*67+ @+' 5+1 @16);5+0+1 )+/1*'=)*6761*,1 1+)6,531" L+1 -+35+1 )+/1*'=)*6761*,1 6963'3/ 3/ 5, 9+'-, 3 )+/)3.6' 35 ,@'3/6,>3 )+-+ )+/1*'=))6;/" C+-+ 13,5, E'/31* 4.W2 “35 @'6/)6@6+ )+/1*'=)*6761*, @=33 13' =/ -6*+ 6/03/=+!"
28
L3'-,/ 3-@53, -3*9+',12 ,530+'(,1 + 6-03/31 @,', '393'6'13 , 5, 9+'-, 3 )+/)3.6' 35 ,@'3/6,>3 3/ ),, -+35+" E/ 35 )+/1*'=)*6761-+ 1+)6,5 5, 6-,03/ 3 ,@'3/6,>3 31 5, ,@'+@6,)6;/2 -63/*',1 =32 3/ 35 )+/1*'=)*6761-+ ',6),52 5, 6-,03/ 31 )+/1*'=))6;/ @'+@6,-3/*3 6)<," D3 31*, -,/3', L3'-,/ @'3*3/3 693'3/)6,' 35 @,@35 6/676=,5 3 5, )+/1*'=))6;/ 8 35 )+/1*'=)*6761-+ ',6),52 3 5, ,)*=,)6;/ )+-@,'*6, 1+)6,5 35 ,@'3/6,>3 ,@'+@6,)6;/" V3'0/,= %W 13,5, =3 35 -+35+ 9+'-,561*, @,', 5, 3=),)6;/ -,*3-*6), , @'3+-6/6+ ,5 31*,+ 96/,5 35 )+/+)6-63/*+ 3 =/ 31*=6,/*32 3/9,*6,/+ 5+ -,/69631*+ 3 6)<+ )+/+)6-63/*+2 8, =3 1;5+ 313 35 )+/+)6-63/*+ 3)5,',+ @=33 73'696),' 5, )+<3'3/)6, 16/*)*6), 35 -61-+" E1 3)6'2 35 +.>3*+ 35 ,@'3/6,>3 3 5,1 -,*3-*6),1 13'(, 35 161*3-, 9+'-,52 3:@5()6*+ 8 )+/161*3/*3" E5 ,=*+' 13,5, =3 31*, )+/)3@)6;/ 3>, 3 5,+ +1 ,1@3)*+1 6-@+'*,/*31 5, 9+'-, 3 ,))31+ 35 31*=6,/*3 , 31*3 )+/+)6-63/*+2 16/ *+-,' 3/ )+/163',)6;/ =3 =',/*3 35 31,''+55+ 37+5=*67+ 35 1=>3*+ 13 ,+53)3 35 '60+' 3:606+ 8 35 )+/+)6-63/*+ 6-@5()6*+ 35 1=>3*+ =',/*3 1= ,@'3/6,>3"
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
@'+)31+ ,3)=,+ 3 3/13,/,,@'3/6,>32 =3 )+/55373 , 5+1 31*=6,/*31 , '31+573'2 ,'0=-3/*,' 8 ,@56),' 5, 1+5=)6;/ 3 @'+.53-,1 , 693'3/*31 @'+.53-,1 3 5, 76, ,)*=,5" S30/ C,55+ L= $%W “ 3:61*3 =/, 9=3'*3 )+''63/*3 @3,0;06), 3/ @,(131 3 A-'6), L,*6/, @+' @'313/*,' 31*',*306,1 +)3/*31 3/),-6/,,1 , 31,''+55,' 35 @3/1,-63/*+ )'3,*67+ @,', 31*6-=5,' 35 ',+/,-63/*+ 3/ 03/3',52 8 35 ',+/,-63/*+ 73'.,5 3/ @,'*6)=5,'2 1+.'3 5, .,13 3 )+/163',' 5, <,.656, 73'.,5 )+-+ =/ ,'*3 8 >=30+ 8 3/ )=,5=63' >=30+ <,8 -=)<,1 9+'-,1 3 1+5=)6+/,' =/ @'+.53-,2 )+/ 355+ 13 .=1), '37+5=)6+/,' 5, -,/3', 3 3/13,' 8 ,@'3/3' 35 ',+/,-63/*+ 73'.,52 03/3',/+ 3/ 5+1 ,5=-/+1 6/*3'1 @+' '31+573' @'+.53-,1 3 ',+/,-63/*+ 73'.,5 3/ 9+'-, )++@3',*67,! N+ 3.3-+1 31)+/+)3' 5, 3/+'-3 6-@+'*,/)6, =3 >=30,/ 5,1 TICS2 3/ 5,1 /=37,1 9+'-,1 3 *',/1-616;/ 3 5+1 )+/+)6-63/*+12 @=31*+ =3 1= =1+ 13 31* 03/3',56,/+ 3/ *+,1 5,1 6/1*6*=)6+/31 3=),*67,1 3/ 35 31,''+55+ 3 5,1 '3,1 3 31*=6+ 8 3/ 31@3)6,5 3/ 35 '3, 3 M,*3-*6)," D3 ,<( =3 5, 3=),)6;/ 76'*=,5 .3/396)6, 5, '3*3/)6;/ 35 )+/+)6-63/*+2 31 3)6'2 @3'-6*3 ,5),/,' 8 )+-@'3/3' 35 -3>+',-63/*+ 35 @'+)31+ 3 3/13,/, 3 5,1 -,*3-*6),1" L,1 6/731*60,)6+/31 '3,56,,12 1+.'3 5,1 +@+'*=/6,31 @,', ,@'3/3' =3 31*/ 61@+/6.531 @,', 5+1 31*=6,/*31 3/ 5, '306;/ 3 A-'6), L,*6/, 8 35 C,'6.3 3:<6.3 =/, @3'1@3)*67, @3'*='.,+'," L+1 31*=6,/*31 /+ 31*/ @'3@,',+1 3.6,-3/*3 @,', )=-@56' 5+1 '3=616*+1 3 -,*3-*6),12 =3 3:603 =/, 3)+/+-(, -=/6,5 =3 31* ),, 73 -1 6/*3')+/3)*,," E/*'3 5+1 ),=1,/*31 3 31*, 16*=,)6;/ 13 <,55,/ 5+1 )=''()=5+1 9'065312 -,*3'6,531 3 ,@'3/6,>3 6/,3)=,+1 8 5, 9,5*, 3 +-6/6+ @+' @,'*3 3 5+1 +)3/*31 3/ -,*3-*6),1" L,1 ,=5,1 13 63/*696),/ @+' 5, -3-+'6,)6;/ -3)/6), 3 +@3',)6+/31 '=*6/,'6,1 3 );-@=*+ 8 5, '3@3*6)6;/ 3 ,*+12 8 5+1 +)3/*31 531 ,/ , 1=1 31*=6,/*31 @+), '3*'+,56-3/*,)6;/ 37,5=,*67,2 + 5, =3 531 ,/ 31 6/)5=1+ 3'';/3," A @31,' 3 =3 5+1 +)3/*31 31*/ )+/1)63/*31 3 1=1 56-6*,)6+/31 3/ 5+1 )+/+)6-63/*+1 8 31*'3,1 -,*3-*6),1 8 )63/*(96),12 -=)<+1 3 355+1 /+ '3)+/+)3/ 35 @+16.53 6-@,)*+ =3 *63/3 31*3 96)6* 1+.'3 5+1 31*=6,/*31 3/ 1=1 ,=5,1F )+/ -1 9'3)=3/)6, 6/)=5@,/ 35 .,>+ '3/6-63/*+ , 9,)*+'31 6/1*6*=)6+/,531 + )+/*3:*=,531"""
30
L,1 @'=3.,1 /,)6+/,531 3/ 5, '306;/ ALC )+/ @+),1 3:)3@)6+/31W 1+/ =/ 93/;-3/+ =3 )+-63/, , -36,+1 3 5, ),, 3 %" D313 5,1 @'6-3',1 @'=3.,12 5+1 '31=5*,+1 3/ -,*3-*6),1 <,/ 3-+1*',+ 13' 3)3@)6+/,/*31 =/, 8 +*', 73" R,735, $%%WF R,735, 8 +*'+1 $%%W2 3:@56),/ =3 “, @31,' 3 /=-3'+1+1 @'+.53-,1 *)/6)+1 =3 -=)<+1 161*3-,1 /,)6+/,531 3 @'=3.,1 3/ 5, '306;/ ,@3/,1 '3)63/*3-3/*3 <,/ )+-3/,+ , 1=@3',' 31 )5,', 5, 3763/)6, 3 =32 3/ @'+-36+2 5+1 31*=6,/*31 31*/ =3,/+ @+' 3.,>+ 3 5,1 -3*,1 @,', 35 +-6/6+ 3 5,1 -,*3-*6),1 96>,,1 @+' 5,1 @+5(*6),1 3=),*67,1 3 1=1 @,(131! R,735, $%%W"2 3/ =/, 6/731*60,)6;/ 6/*3'/,)6+/,5 393)*=,, 3/ ,=5,1 3 -,*3-*6),1 3 13:*+ 0',+ 3/ A'03/*6/,2 C+5+-.6,2 C+1*, R6),2 E5 S,57,+'2 G=,*3-,5,2 P3'2 M:6)+ 8 U'=0=,8 3/)+/*'; “=3 5,1 @')*6),1 3 37,5=,)6;/ =3 5+1 +)3/*31 <,)3/ =',/*3 5, )5,13 1+/ 3:*'3-,,-3/*3 .6531" A 5+1 31*=6,/*31 8 , 1=1 9,-656,1 13 531 , -=8 @+), '3*'+,56-3/*,)6;/ 9+'-,*67, 3/ 31,1 37,5=,)6+/312 8 5,1 ),5696),)6+/31 ,160/,,1 , 5+1 31*=6,/*31 1+/ ,'.6*','6,1 82 3/ 1= -,8+' @,'*32 ),'3/*31 3 13/*6+! P2 4W P63')32 S*,)38 8 B,',*1,1 $%%&W2 ,96'-,/ “=3 5, *3)/+5+0(, +9'3)3 /=37+1 3/9+=31 @,', 5, 3/13,/, 8 @+' 5+ *,/*+ @,', 35 ,@'3/6,>3 3/*'+ 8 9=3', 35 ,=5," L, 6/731*60,)6;/ 8 5, 56*3',*=', @'+9316+/,5 1=063'3/ =3 5+1 /=37+1 -36,+'31 6)*6)+1 @=33/ -3>+',' 35 ,@'3/6,>3 , *',71 3 ),/,531 )+0/6*67+12 -3*,)+0/6*67+1 8 ,93)*67+12 /=37+1 8 693'3/*31 , 5+1 8, *',6)6+/,531!" @2 $QW S60=63/+ 35 +'3/ 3 63,2 L6- $%%&W2 S3,5, =3 “5, @'6/)6@,5 -+*67,)6;/ @,', 5, 6/*30',)6;/ 3 5,1 TICS 3/ 5, 3=),)6;/ 31 =3 @'+-=373 3/ 5+1 31*=6,/*31 1= @3/1,-63/*+ )+/1*'=)*67+ 8 531 @3'-6*3 ,5 -61-+ *63-@+ *',1)3/3' 1=1 56-6*,)6+/31 )+0/6*67,1 6/7+5=)'/+5+1 3/ )63'*,1 +@3',)6+/31 )+0/6*67,1W =3 @+' +*'+1 -36+1 *,5 73 /+ <=.63',/ @+6+ 5+0','" S3 9,7+'3)3 3 31*, -,/3', 35 31,''+55+ 3 <,.656,31 3 +'3/ 1=@3'6+' *,531 )+-+ 35 613+2 5, *+-, 3 3)616+/31 8 5, '31+5=)6;/ 3 @'+.53-,1 =3 '3=63'3/ ,/561612 37,5=,)6;/2 '35,)6;/ 3/*'3 5,1 @,'*312 6-,06/,)6;/ 8 1(/*3161 3/ =/ *++ 6/*30',+!" @2 W
31
S30/ S)<6.3)62 L,32 P<6556@12 L+32 C=--6/01 8 M6553' $%%W “5+1 )+-@=*,+'31 <,/ 16+ =*656,+1 3/ 35 -.6*+ 3=),*67+ 313 % 8 3 =/, -,/3', -1 03/3',56,, 313 %!" @"$&W P,', 355+1 “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“=3 5+1 '31=5*,+1 3 31*+1 31*=6+1 <,/ 16+ 16-65,'31 3 6/6),/ =3 <,8 =/, .65 '35,)6;/ 3/*'3 ,)*6*=31 <,)6, 5, -,*3-*6), 8 ,)*6*=31 <,)6, 35 )+-@=*,+' )+/96,/, 8 -+*67,)6;/W 8 ,3-1 =3 5,1 ,)*6*=31 3 5+1 31*=6,/*31 3/ 35 ,@'3/6,>3 -,*3-*6)+ 3/ )+/*3:*+1 *3)/+5;06)+1 )+''35,)6+/,/ -1 9=3'*3-3/*3 )+/ 5,1 ,)*6*=31 <,)6, 5+1 +'3/,+'31 =3 )+/ 5,1 ,)*6*=31 <,)6, 5,1 -,*3-*6),1! " P+' -=)<+1 ,+12 5+1 /6)+1 '3)='1+1 =*656,+1 3/ 35 ,=5, 3 -,*3-*6),1 <,/ 16+ 5, *6,2 5, @6,'',2 8 5+ 56.'+1 3 *3:*+1 16/ 693'3/)6,' 35 /6735 3=),*67+ 3/ =3 13 31*,., *',.,>,/+" E/ 5, ,)*=,56,2 3:61*3/ 3/ ,50=/,1 6/1*6*=)6+/31 3=),*67,1 7,'6,+1 '3)='1+1 6)*6)+12 3/*'3 355+1 ,50=/+1 1+9*,'31 =3 @=33/ 13' *6531 @,', 5, 3/13,/,2 @3'+ 310',)6,,-3/*3 /+ 13 31*/ =*656,/+ ,3)=,,-3/*3 31*+1 /=37+1 -,*3'6,531 @+' 9,5*, 3 =/, ,3)=,, @'3@,',)6;/ 3 5+1 +)3/*31" S6/ 3-.,'0+2 @+)+1 1+/ 5,1 6/1*6*=)6+/31 3=),*67,1 =3 61@+/3/ 3/*'+ 35 ,=5, 3 31*3 '3)='1+2 =3 3/ -=)<+1 ),1+1 13 <,)3 /3)31,'6+ *',15,,' , 5+1 31*=6,/*31 , +*', ,=5,2 5, 1316;/ 3 )5,13 =3,' 56-6*,, 3/*+/)31 , =/+1 @+)+1 -6/=*+1"
32
P+' +*', @,'*32 5,1 @+16.656,31 =3 <, )+/)3.6+ 35 =1+ 3 5, )+-@=*,+', 3/ 5,1 6/1*6*=)6+/31 3=),*67,12 /+ 163-@'3 31*/ ,)+'3 )+/ 5, '3,56,2 @=31*+ =32 3.6+ , 5, 0',/ @'+@,0,)6;/2 1+.'3 *++ @+' 5+1 6/*3'3131 35 -3'),+2 -=)<+1 @'+0',-,1 =3 1=@=31*,-3/*3 9,)656*,/ 35 ,@'3/6,>3 3 5,1 -,*3-*6),1 = +*',1 '3,1 3 31*=6+2 /+ <,/ 5+0',+ 9+'*,53)3'13 )+-+ 1,56,1 ,5*3'/,1 , 5,1 696)=5*,31 =3 @'313/*,/ 5+1 31*=6,/*31 )+/ ,50=/+1 )+/*3/6+1 31@3)(96)+1 35 '3, 3 -,*3-*6)," E5 9',),1+ 3 31*+1 6/*3/*+1 '3163 3/ =3 -=)<+1 +)3/*31 160=3/ )+/163',/+ =3 35 13' <=-,/+ ,@'3/32 *,5 )+-+ 5+ 13,5,., S6//3' QW2 3 -,/3', 6/676=,56,,2 -3)/6),2 ,50+'(*-6), 8 @'+0',-,,2 @,', 5+ )=,5 /+ <,)3 9,5*, '35,)6+/,'13 )+/ 5+1 3-1 13'31 <=-,/+1" ,7+',.53-3/*3 31*, 63, 35 =1+ 35 )+-@=*,+' 8, <, 16+ ,73'*6, 8 )=31*6+/,, 3/ 35 -+-3/*+ +@+'*=/+" E/ 5, ,)*=,56, 13 )+/163', =3 31*, <3'',-63/*, *3)/+5+0(, 31 1+5+ =/ '3)='1+ 6-@+'*,/*3 ,6)6+/,52 )+-+ @+'(, 13' 5, ),5)=5,+', 3 .+51655+2 )63/*(96), + @'+0',-,.532 @,', 35 ,@'3/6,>3 8 5, 3/13,/," P,', )+/)5=6'2 13 @=33 13,5,' =3 5, )+-@=*,+', 13 <, )+/73'*6+ 3/ =/ '3)='1+ + -36+ 6/61@3/1,.53 @,', 35 ,3)=,+ 31,''+55+ 35 @'+)31+ 3 ,@'3/6,>3 8 3/13,/, 3 *+,1 5,1 ,160/,*=',12 @,'*6)=5,'-3/*3 3 5, -,*3-*6)," S6/ 3-.,'0+2 1= @'313/)6, 3/ 5,1 ,=5,1 /+ @+'(, 1=1*6*=6'2 @+' /6/0/ -+*67+2 5, @'313/)6, 8 35 @,@35 9=/,-3/*,5 =3 >=30,/ 5+1 +)3/*31"
33
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43 57
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A&7(!.!. e !&er
34
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Gr7"!#* NK ;
32
Si
68
No
35
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Gr7"!#* NK >
36
18
21 Muy Bueno 18
Bueno Regular
43
Defciente
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Gr7"!#* NK ?
29 39 Mucho Poco 32
Naa
A&7(!.!. e !&er
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14
25 Mucho Poco
61
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39
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21
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79
Nunca
40
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41
Si No 1&&
Gr7"!#* NK
A&7(!.!. e !&er+',' 35 ,@'3/6,>3 3/ -,*3-*6),2 35 %%^ 3 5+1 31*=6,/*31 3:@'31,/ =3 /+" D3 ,)=3'+ , 31*+1 '31=5*,+1 13 @=33 6/93'6' =3 5, *+*,56, 3 5+1 31*=6,/*31 35 +)*,7+ ,+ 31)+/+)3/ 5, ,@56),)6;/ 3 ,50/ 1+9*,'32 =3 5+ ,8=3 , -3>+',' 35
42
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Si No 1&&
Gr7"!#* NK
43
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44
Si No 1&&
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45
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46
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Gr7"!#* NK 33
43 57
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47
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Si No 1&&
48
A&7(!.!. e !&er3 =3 /+ 13 163/*3/ -+*67,+1 =',/*3 5, )5,13 3 -,*3-*6)," O @=33 ,'13 35 ),1+ =3 5+1 +)3/*31 =*656)3/ 5, -+*67,)6;/2 @3'+ /+ 5, ,@56),/ )+''3)*,-3/*3 3/ 5+1 31*=6,/*312 =3 /+ 1='*3 393)*+ 3/ 5, -,8+'(, 3 355+1"
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14
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29
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51
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52
29 Mucho Poco
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29
Si
71
No
Gr7"!#* NK 3
55
A&7(!.!. e !&er+',' 35 ,@'3/6,>3 3/ -,*3-*6),2 -63/*',1 =3 35 & ^ ,130=',/ =3 /+" E1*+1 '31=5*,+1 5537,/ , )+/)5=6' =3 5, -,8+'(, 3 5+1 +)3/*31 /+ )+/+)3/ 5, ,@56),)6;/ 3 1+9*,'3 3=),*67+ @,', ,@56),'5+1 3/ 5, 3/13,/, 3 5, -,*3-*6),2 5+ =3 <, +'606/,+ =3 35 +)3/*3 =*656)3 -,*3'6,531 6)*6)+1 *',6)6+/,531 3/ 5, 3/13,/, 3 31*, )63/)6,"
5 C*&*#e ).e' e( $&e9* 'e ($ 8*9$ 'e #7(#)(* E#e( Gr7"!#* N 3 V$r!$-(e.
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Gr7"!#* NK 3
56
29
Si
71
No
A&7(!.!. e !&er+ 3 5, <+>, 3 )5)=5+ E:)352 -63/*',1 =3 35 &^ +@6/,/ =3 /+"
57
E1*3 '31=5*,+ /+1 5537, , )+/)5=6' =3 5, -,8+'(, 3 5+1 +)3/*31 31)+/+)3/ 5, ,@56),)6;/ 3 5, <+>, 3 )5)=5+ E:)352 =3 5+1 <, 5537,+ , =*656,' 5, *6, 35 @6,'';/ 8 35 56.'+ 3 *3:*+1 )+-+ /6)+1 -,*3'6,531 6)*6)+ , @,', 5, 3/13,/, 3 5, -,*3-*6),"
5 Cree ).e' )e, .! .e )!(!=$r7 ($ 8*9$ 'e #7(#)(* E#e( e& ($ e&.e@$&=$ 'e ($ $e7!#$, e9*r$r$ e( $
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Gr7"!#* NK 3
Si No 1&&
58
A&7(!.!. e !&er, 3 )5)=5+ E:)35 3/ 5, 3/13,/, 3 5, -,*3-*6),2 -3>+','(, 35 ,@'3/6,>3 3 5+1 31*=6,/*31" E1*+1 '31=5*,+1 @3'-6*3/ 6/93'6' =3 ,5 =*656,' /=37, 9+'-, 3 3/13,/, =*656,/+ =/ 1+9*,'3 3=),*67+ 3/ 5, 3/13,/, 3 5, -,*3-*6),2 )+-+ 5, <+>, 3 )5)=5+ E:)352 130=',-3/*3 -3>+','(, 35 ,@'3/6,>3 3 5+1 31*=6,/*31"
35 E.$r$ '!.<)e.* $ re#!-!r #$<$#!$#!%& <$r$ 8$#er ).* $'e#)$'* 'e ($ 8*9$ 'e #7(#)(* E#e( 1 e9*r$r e( $
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Gr7"!#* NK ;
Si No 1&&
59
A&7(!.!. e !&er, 3 )5)=5+ E:)35 8 -3>+',' 35 ,@'3/6,>3 3 5+1 31*=6,/*31" D3 ,)=3'+ , 31*3 '31=5*,+2 13 )+/)5=83 =3 3:61*3 5, .=3/, 7+5=/*, 3 5+1 +)3/*31 @+' ),@,)6*,'13 8 ),-.6,' 1= 9+'-, *',6)6+/,5 3 3/13,/, 8 3 31*, -,/3', -3>+',' 35 ,@'3/6,>3 3 5+1 31*=6,/*31"
;5>5 E&#)e.$ $<(!#$'$ $ (*. <$'re. 'e "$!(!$ 'e( *#$/* $@* 'e E')#$#!%& B7.!#$ 'e ($ U&!'$' E')#$!/$ “J)$& M*&$(/* N ?3” 35 C%* #*&.!'er$ e( $
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60
21
3&
#lto Meio Ba'o 49
Gr7"!#* NK ;3
A&7(!.!. e !&er3 3 1= <6>+ 3/ -,*3-*6), 31 ,5*+2 -63/*',1 35 4^ 1+1*63/3/ =3 31 -36+ 8 35 %^ 13,5,/ =3 35 ,@'3/6,>3 3 1= <6>+ 3/ -,*3-*6), 31 .,>+" D3 ,)=3'+ , 31*+1 '31=5*,+1 13 @=33 )+/)5=6' =3 35 ,@'3/6,>3 3 5+1 31*=6,/*31 3/ 1= -,8+'(, 31 -36+ 8 .,>+2 3:61*63/+ 9,)*+'31 )+-+ 5, -3*++5+0(, 35 +)3/*32 35 6/*3'1 3 5+1 31*=6,/*31 8 5, 6/,3)=,, ,@56),)6;/ 3 -,*3'6,531 6)*6)+1 ),=1,/*3 3 31*3 319,13"
;5 T!e&e ).e' e& .) #$.$ )&$ #*<)$'*r$ '!.<*&!-(e 1 e& -)e& e.$'* <$r$ ($. $re$. 'e .) 8!9*
61
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Gr7"!#* NK ;;
36
64
Si No
62
A&7(!.!. e !&er+2 35 4^ ,130=',/ =3 1(2 -63/*',1 35 ^ 13,5,/ =3 /+" E1*+1 '31=5*,+1 5537,/ , )+/)5=6' =3 3/ 5, -,8+'(, 3 5+1 <+0,'31 3 5+1 31*=6,/*31 35 +)*,7+ ,+ 3:61*3 =/, )+-@=*,+', @,', =3 5+1 31*=6,/*31 '3,56)3/ 1=1 *,'3,1"
>5 D!.<*&e 'e !&er&e e& .) /!/!e&'$ Gr7"!#* NK ;> V$r!$-(e.
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Gr7"!#* NK ;>
46 54 Si No
63
A&7(!.!. e !&er
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Gr7"!#* NK ;?
64
14
Si No 86
A&7(!.!. e !&er+ 35 @'+0',-, E:)352 3.6+ 3/ 0',/ -,/3', , 5+1 @+)+1 )+/+)6-63/*+1 =3 @+133/ 1+.'3 35 =1+ 3 5,1 )+-@=*,+',12 @=31*+ =3 3:61*3 =/ 0',/ @+')3/*,>3 =3 /+ @+133/ =/, )+-@=*,+', 3/ 1= ),1,2 =3 531 @3'-6*, -,/6@=5,'5, 6,'6,-3/*3"
5 M)e.r$ !&er. .) 8!9* <*r ($ $.!+&$)r$ 'e $e7!#$. Gr7"!#* NK ; V$r!$-(e.
Fre#)e&#!$ 65
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43 57
Si No
Gr7"!#* NK ;
A&7(!.!. e !&er
66
E5 4 ^ 3 5+1 @,'31 3 9,-656, 35 +)*,7+ ,+ .16)+ 3 5, U/6, E=),*67, “J=,/ M+/* M+/*,5 ,57+ 7+ N 4! 4! ,130 ,130=' =',/ ,/ =3 =3 1= <6>+ <6>+ 16 -=31 -=31*' *',, 6/*3 6/*3' '11 @+' @+' 5, ,160 ,160/, /,*= *=', ', 3 -,*3-*6),1 8 35 Q&^ 13,5,/ =3 /+" E1*+1 '31=5*,+1 5537,/ , )+/)5=6' =3 5, -,8+'(, 3 5+1 31*=6,/*31 35 +)*,7+ ,+ .16)+ 3 5, U/6, E=),*67, “J=,/ M+/*,57+ N 4! 3 5, )6=, 3 C<+/32 /+ 13 6/*3'31,/ @+' 5, ,160/,*=', 3 -,*3-*6)," E1*+ 13 3.3 3/ 0',/ @,'*3 , 5, @+), -+*67,)6;/ =3 3:61*3 @+' @,'*3 35 +)3/*3 @,', 35 ,@'3/6,>3 3 31*, )63/)6,"
5 Cree ).e' )e e( '*#e&e )!(!=$ ($ #*<)$'*r$ <$r$ ($ e&.e@$&=$ 'e ($ $e7!#$ Gr7"!#* NK ; V$r!$-(e.
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Gr7"!#* NK ;
14
Si No 86
67
A&7(!.!. e !&er3 3 5, -,*3-*6),2 3.6+ 3/ 0',/ -,/3', , 5+1 @+)+1 )+/+)6-63/*+1 =3 @+133/ 1+.'3 1= =1+ 6)*6)+"
5 Cree ).e' )e e( '*#e&e .e e&#)e&r$ 'e-!'$e&e #$<$#!$'* <$r$ )!(!=$r )& .*"2$re e')#$!/* <$r$ ($ e&.e@$&=$ 'e ($ $e7!#$ Gr7"!#* NK ; V$r!$-(e.
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F)e&e: P,'31 3 9,-656, 35 +)*,7+ ,+ 3 E=),)6;/ G3/3',5 B16), 3 5, U/6, E=),*67, “J=,/ M+/*,57+ N 4! 35 C,/*;/ C<+/3 E($-*r$#!%&: I/0'6 P63'6/, A/',3 H6,50+ 8 D3618 M+/13'',*3 B,65;/ V3562 $%W
68
Gr7"!#* NK ;
29
Si 71
No
A&7(!.!. e !&er
5 E&/$ e( '*#e&e 'e $e7!#$ $re$. '*&'e &e#e.$r!$e&e .e 'e-e 'e )!(!=$r e( #*<)$'*r <$r$ .er 'e.$rr*(($'$. Gr7"!#* NK ; V$r!$-(e.
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69
F)e&e: P,'31 3 9,-656, 35 +)*,7+ ,+ 3 E=),)6;/ G3/3',5 B16), 3 5, U/6, E=),*67, “J=,/ M+/*,57+ N 4! 35 C,/*;/ C<+/3 E($-*r$#!%&: I/0'6 P63'6/, A/',3 H6,50+ 8 D3618 M+/13'',*3 B,65;/ V3562 $%W
Gr7"!#* NK ;
2&
Si No 8&
A&7(!.!. e !&er
70
5 Le +).$r$ )e .) 8!9*, $
V$r!$-(e.
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F)e&e: P,'31 3 9,-656, 35 +)*,7+ ,+ 3 E=),)6;/ G3/3',5 B16), 3 5, U/6, E=),*67, “J=,/ M+/*,57+ N 4! 35 C,/*;/ C<+/3 E($-*r$#!%&: I/0'6 P63'6/, A/',3 H6,50+ 8 D3618 M+/13'',*3 B,65;/ V3562 $%W
Gr7"!#* NK ;
Si No 1&&
A&7(!.!. e !&er+2 ,@'3/, , =*656,' =/ S+9*,'3 3 -,*3-*6),2 =3 53 @3'-6*, 31,''+55,' 3>3')6)6+1 -,*3-*6)+1 3 =/, -,/3', -1 '@6, 8 130='," D3 ,)=3'+ , 31*3 '31=5*,+ 13 @=33 )+/)5=6' =3 5+1 @,'31 3 9,-656, 13 -=31*',/ 6/*3'31,+1 3/ =3 1= <6>+ ,@'3/3' , 31,''+55,' 3>3')6)6+1 8 @'+.53-,1 -,*3-*6)+1 =*656,/+ 5, )+-@=*,+',"
35 Cree ).e' )e, .! e( '*#e&e )!(!=$r$ ($ 8*9$ 'e #7(#)(* E#e( <$r$ ($ e&.e@$&=$ 'e ($. $e7!#$., e9*r$r$ e( $ 71
V$r!$-(e.
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Gr7"!#* NK >
Si No 1&&
A&7(!.!. e !&er, 3 )5)=5+ E:)35 @,', 5, 3/13,/,,@'3/6,>3 3 5,1 -,*3-*6),12 -3>+','(, 35 ,@'3/6,>3 3 5+1 31*=6,/*31" D3 ,<( 1= 6-@+'*,/)6, @,', =3 35 +)3/*3 13 ),@,)6*3 8 ,@56=3 5, <+>, 3 )5)=5+ E:)352 )+-+ -3),/61-+ =3 ,8=,' , -3>+',' 35 ,@'3/6,>3 3 5+1 31*=6,/*31 3/ -,*3-*6),"
;5?5 E&re/!.$ $ ($ D!re#*r$ 'e ($ U&!'$' E')#$!/$ “J)$& M*&$(/* N ?3” 'e ($ #!)'$' 'e C8*&e5
72
356 C)7(e. .*& (*. re#)r.*. * 8err$!e&$. 'e e&.e@$&=$ )e "re#)e&ee&e e<(e$& (*. '*#e&e. <$r$ 'e.$rr*(($r (*.
;56 C)7( e. e( &!/e( 'e #$<$#!$#!%& )e !e&e& (*. '*#e&e. .*-re e#&*(*+$. 'e ($ !&"*r$#!%& 1 #*)&!#$#!%& <$r$ $<(!#$r e& (*. +2 @=31*+ =3 )+/*,+1 1+/ 5+1 @'+931+'31 =3 +-6/,/ 5, )+-@=*,+'," E1*3 '31=5*,+ @3'-6*3 )+/)5=6' =3 5+1 +)3/*31 3 31*, 6/1*6*=)6;/ /+ 13 3/)=3/*',/ 3.6,-3/*3 ),@,)6*,+ @,', =*656,' 5,1 TICS 3/ 35 @'+)31+ 3 3/13,/, ,@'3/6,>3
>56 L*. '*#e&e. 'e ($ !&.!)#!%& #*&.$&ee&e .e )e.r$& 3
?56 C*& ) "re#)e&#!$ (*. '*#e&e. re$(!=$& $#!/!'$'e. #*& TICS <$r$ !&#ree&$r ($ <$r!#!<$#!%& 'e (*. e.)'!$&e. L, 6'3)*+', )+/*31*; =3 @+),1 1+/ 5,1 73)31 =3 5+1 +)3/*31 <,)3/ =1+ 3 5,1 )+-@=*,+',1 =3 3:61*3/ 3/ 35 @5,/*35 @,', 5537,' , ),.+ 35 @'+)31+ 3 3/13,/, ,@'3/6,>3" P+' *,/*+2 13 )+/)5=83 =3 5+1 +)3/*31 /+ <,)3/ =1+ 3 5+1 @+)+1 -,*3'6,531 6)*6)+1 606*,531 =3 3:61*3/ 3/ 5, 6/1*6*=)6;/"
56 C*&.!'er$ $ ($. TICS )& re#)r.* e(ee&$( <$r$ ((e/$r $ #$-* (*.
73
L, @'6/)6@,5 35 31*,.53)6-63/*+ )+/*31*; =3 @,', 355, 31 -=8 6-@+'*,/*3 35 =1+ 3 5,1 TICS 3/ 5+1 @'+)31+1 @3,0;06)+2 @=31*+ =3 1= =1+ @3'-6*3 =/ -3>+' 3/*3/6-63/*+ 3 5+1 )+/)3@*+1 *3+'(,12 3>3')6)6+1 8 @'+.53-,1 =3 13 31,''+55,/ 3/ 35 ,=5," P+' )+/160=63/*32 5,1 TICS 1+/ )+/163',,1 )+-+ =/ -+*+' =3 6-@=51, 35 31,''+55+ 3 5,1 <,.656,31 3/ 5+1 31*=6,/*31"
56 C)7( #ree ).e' )e .e$ ($ #$).$ 'e )e e!.e& e.)'!$&e. #*& -$9* &!/e( 'e #*&*#!!e&*. P,', 5, 6'3)*+',2 3/ 5+1 31*=6,/*31 )+/ .,>+ /6735 3 )+/+)6-63/*+1 6/*3'763/3/ ,50=/+1 9,)*+'312 3/*'3 355+1 -3*++5+0(, /+ ,)+'3 , 5, '3,56, 3 5+1 31*=6,/*312 =*656,)6;/ 3 -,*3'6,531 6)*6)+1 *',6)6+/,5312 1=-,, ,5 @+)+ 6/*3'1 3 5+1 31*=6,/*31 8 @,'31 3 9,-656,"
56 C%* #*&.!'er$ ).e' e( &!/e( 'e #*&*#!!e&*. 'e (*. e.)'!$&e. 'e ($ !&.!)#!%& )e ).e' '!r!+e P,', 5, 6'3)*+', 35 @5,/*352 35 /6735 3 )+/+)6-63/*+1 3 5+1 31*=6,/*31 31 .=3/+2 @3'+ =3 )+-+ *+, 6/1*6*=)6;/ *,-.6/ 3:61*3/ 31*=6,/*31 =3 @+133/ 3:)353/*31 8 +*'+1 .,>+1 )+/+)6-63/*+1" D3 ,)=3'+ , 31*+ 13 )+/)5=83 =3 5, -,8+'(, 3 5+1 31*=6,/*31 *63/3/ =/ .=3/ /6735 3 )+/+)6-63/*+1"
56 Cree ).e' )e (*. e.)'!$&e. 'e .) !&.!)#!%& <*.ee& ($ .)"!#!e&e #$&!'$' 'e #*&*#!!e&*. 3 160/696),*67+"
56 C*&*#e ).e' .! (*. '*#e&e. 'e ($ !&.!)#!%& $( e&*. '*!&$& )1 -!e& e( <$)ee 'e O""!#e *r', E#e( 1 P*2er P*!& L, 6'3)*+', 3 5, 6/1*6*=)6;/ -,/69631*, =3 5+1 +)3/*31 +-6/,/ 5,1 @'6/)6@,531 /+)6+/31 3 31*3 @,=3*32 @3'+ /+ -=8 .63/2 @+' 31, ',;/ /+ 5+ @=33 ,@56),' , 5, 3/13,/, 3 5,1 ,160/,*=',12 31@3)6,5-3/*3 3/ -,*3-*6), D3 ,)=3'+ , 31*, 3:@56),)6;/2 13 )+/)5=83 =3 5+1 +)3/*31 /+ +-6/,/ ,3)=,,-3/*3 35 @,=3*3 +996)32 @+' 5+ =3 13 /3)316*, =/, ),@,)6*,)6;/ @,', =3 5+1 +)3/*31 -,/3>3/
74
,3)=,,-3/*3 31*+1 1+9*,'31"
356 E& ($ !&.!)#!%& .e 8$ e"e#)$'* $(+& 32 @=31*+ =3 1= =1+ @3'-6*3 -3>+',' 35 ,@'3/6,>3 3 5+1 31*=6,/*31"
CAPITULO III >56 PROPUESTA >53 Te$: T$((ere. 'e #$<$#!$#!%& '!r!+!'*. $ (*. '*#e&e. 'e $e7!#$ 'e ($ U&!'$' e')#$!/$ “J)$& M*&$(/* N ?3” 'e ($ #!)'$' C8*&e, .*-re e( ).* 'e ($ 8*9$ 'e #7(#)(* E#e( e& ($ e&.e@$&=$ 'e ($ $e7!#$, )e 5;5 I&r*')##!%&5 U/, <+>, 3 )5)=5+ 31 =/ @'+0',-, 6/9+'-*6)+ =3 @3'-6*3 '3,56,' +@3',)6+/31 )+-@53>,1 )+/ *++ *6@+ 3 ,*+12 9=/,-3/*,5-3/*3 /=-'6)+12 163-@'3 =3 1*+1
75
@=3,/ +'0,/6,'13 3/ 9+'-, 3 G'96)+" C+/ =/, <+>, 3 )5)=5+ /+ 1;5+ @+3-+1 393)*=,' *+,1 5,1 +@3',)6+/31 =3 @3'-6*3 =/, @+*3/*3 ),5)=5,+',2 16/+ =3 ,3-1 @+3-+1 =1,'5, @,', +'3/,'2 ,/,56,' 8 '3@'313/*,' /=31*'+1 ,*+1" U/, ),',)*3'(1*6), =3 <,)3 31@3)6,5-3/*3 *6531 31*3 *6@+ 3 @'+0',-,1 31 1= ),@,)6, 3 '3),5)=5,' *++1 5+1 7,5+'31 +.*3/6+1 16/ -1 =3 7,'6,' 5+1 ,*+1 6/6)6,531 . L, @'+@=31*, 31* 31*'=)*=',, 3 5, 160=63/*3 -,/3', S3 6/6)6, )+/ 35 *(*=5+ 8 5, 6/*'+=))6;/ ,5 @'+.53-," A )+/*6/=,)6;/2 3/)+/*',-+1 5, >=1*696),)6;/ 3 5, @'+@=31*,2 5, )=,5 13 5, '3,56; 3/ .,13 .,1,, , 5+1 '31=5*,+1 +.*3/6+1 3/ 35 *',.,>+ 3 ),-@+" S3 9+'-=5,/ 5+1 +.>3*67+1 03/3',531 8 31@3)(96)+12 6'606+1 , ),@,)6*,' , 5+1 +)3/*31 3 -,*3-*6), 1+.'3 35 =1+ 3 5, <+>, 3 )5)=5+ E:)35 3/ 35 @'+)31+ 3 3/13,/, ,@'3/6,>3" S30=6,-3/*3 13 '3,56, =/ ,/56161 3 5+1 )+/*3/6+1 3 5, @'+@=31*,2 +/3 13 3:@56), 5+1 @'+)36-63/*+1 -3*++5;06)+1 @,', 5, ,@56),)6;/ 35 1+9*,'3 E:)352 31@3)(96),-3/*3 3 5, <+>, 3 )5)=5+ 3/ 35 @'+)31+ 3 3/13,/, 3 5, -,*3-*6),2 )+/ 3>3-@5+1 )5,'+1 3 ),, =/, 3 1=1 9=/)6+/31 8 5, -,/3', 3 =*656,' 5,1 '31@3)*67,1 <3'',-63/*,1 35 @'+0',-," 6/,5-3/*3 13 3/)=3/*', 5, 37,5=,)6;/ 8 130=6-63/*+ 3 5, @'+@=31*, 3 ,)=3'+ ,5 ),53/,'6+ 3 ,)*676,31"
>5>5 J).!"!#$#!%& L,1 *3)/+5+0(,1 3 5, 6/9+'-,)6;/ 8 5, )+-=/6),)6;/ 9+'-,/ @,'*3 3 /=31*', 76, )+*66,/, 8 3.3-+1 1,.3' ,@'+73)<,' 1= @+*3/)6,5 3/ ),, )+/*3:*+" N+ @+3-+1 3)6' =3 3/ 35 ,=5, 3 -,*3-*6),1 =*656,-+1 5,1 TICS @+' 35 16-@53 <3)<+ 3 =3 35 ,5=-/+ @3'-,/3), 35,/*3 35 +'3/,+'" D3.3-+1 @5,/*3,'/+1 =/+1 +.>3*67+12 =/, /=37, 9+'-, 3 3/13,' 5+1 )+/*3/6+12 =/, /=37, 9+'-, 3 37,5=,)6;/2 3/ 396/6*67,2 =/, /=37, -3*++5+0(, )+/ 5, =3 1,),'53 35 -3>+' @,'*6+ @+16.53 , 5,1 TICS"
76
L,1 TICS @=33/ 5530,' , >=0,' =/ @,@35 -=8 6-@+'*,/*3 3/ 35 @'+)31+ 3 3/13,/, 8 ,@'3/6,>3 3 5,1 -,*3-*6),12 @3'+ 16 13 =*656,/ )+''3)*,-3/*3" E1 -12 16 1= =1+ /+ 31 35 ,3)=,+2 @=33/ 5530,' , *',,' =/ ),-6/+ *+'*=+1+ @,1,/+ 3 13' =/, @+*3/*3 <3'',-63/*, , =/, .,''3', =3 6-@6, 35 @'+)31+" L,1 TICS 3/ 31*, @,'*3 35 @'+)31+2 7,/ , '3=3'6' =3 35 +)3/*3 *3/0, ,=6'6,1 =/, 13'63 3 )+-@3*3/)6,1 @'+9316+/,5312 /+ 1+5,-3/*3 3/ 35 =1+ 3 5, <3'',-63/*, =3 )+''31@+/, , ),, -+-3/*+2 16/+ -1 6-@+'*,/*3 ,/2 3/ 5, -3*++5+0(, =3 7, , =*656,' 8 =3 13' 5, =3 <,0, =3 35 @'+)31+ ,5),/)3 35 + 5+1 +.>3*67+1 =3 13 <,8, @5,/*3,+ 6/6)6,5-3/*3" L,1 TICS 31*/ @'313/*31 3/ 5,1 ,=5,1 3 )5,131" P+' 31*3 -+*67+ 35 +)3/*3 3.3 31*,' @'3@,',+ @,', =*656,'5,1 3 9+'-, ,3)=,,2 8 31*+ 13 )+/160=3 , *',71 3 5, 9+'-,)6;/2 /+ 1+5,-3/*3 )+/+)63/+ 35 9=/)6+/,-63/*+ 3 5+1 61*6/*+1 @'+0',-,1 6/9+'-*6)+12 16/+ )+/+)63/+ -3*++5+0(,1 ,3)=,,1 @,', @+3' =*656,'5,1 3/ 35 ,=5," E/ 5,1 6/1*6*=)6+/31 3=),*67,1 3 5, C6=, 3 C<+/32 , @31,' =3 5,1 ,=*+'6,31 3=),*67,1 3/ 5+1 5*6-+1 ,+1 <,/ 73/6+ @'+-+)6+/,/+ 5, ),@,)6*,)6;/ +)3/*3 3/ 35 =1+ ,3)=,+ 3 5,1 <3'',-63/*,1 *3)/+5;06),1 3/ 35 ,=5, 3 )5,132 3:61*3/ =/ 0',/ /-3'+ 3 +)3/*31 =3 /+ 53 ,/ 6-@+'*,/)6, ,5 =1+ 3 31*+1 '3)='1+1 3/ 5, 3/13,/, ,@'3/6,>3 3 5+1 31*=6,/*312 /30/+13 , 1= ),@,)6*,)6;/ 8 9+'-,)6;/ @'+9316+/,5 3/ 31*3 -.6*+ 3=),*67+" L, 6/731*60,)6;/ '3,56,, -36,/*3 5, '37616;/ 35 E1*,+ 35 A'*32 3 5,1 7,'6,.531 31*=6,,12 5537,'+/ , )+/)5=6' =3 =1+ 3 5, <+>, 3 )5)=5+ E:)35 3/ 5, 3/13,/, 3 5, -,*3-*6),2 31 -=8 ,@'+@6,, @,', 31,''+55,' 5,1 <,.656,31 8 31*'3,1 /=-'6),1 3 5+1 31*=6,/*312 8, =3 1=1 =1+1 9,)656*,/ 5+1 )5)=5+1 -,*3-*6)+1" P3'+ -=8 , @31,' 3 =3 1= ,@56),)6;/ 3/ 5, 3/13,/, 3 5, -,*3-*6),2 @3'-6*3 @'+7+),' /=37+1 )+/+)6-63/*+12 9,)656*,/+ =/ ,@'3/6,>3 160/696),*67+2 13 3-+1*'; =3 3/ 5, U/6, E=),*67, “J=,/ M+/*,57+ N 4! 3 5, )6=, 3 C<+/32 5+1 +)3/*31 /+ <,)3/ =1+ 3 31*3 1+9*,'3 3=),*67+ =',/*3 35 @'+)31+ 3 3/13,/, ,@'3/6,>32 3.6+ , 5+1 @+)+1 )+/+)6-63/*+1 =3 *63/3/ '31@3)*+ , 1= ,@56),)6;/" L+1 '31=5*,+1 3 5, 6/731*60,)6;/ ,/ )=3/*, =3 5+1 +)3/*31 3 5, U/6, E=),*67,
77
“J=,/ M+/*,57+ N 4! 3 5, )6=, 3 C<+/3! /+ @+133/ 5+1 )+/+)6-63/*+1 ,3)=,+1 @,', @'+@6)6,' =/, 3/13,/, =*656,/+ 5, <+>, 3 )5)=5+ E:)35" P+' )+/160=63/*32 31 /3)31,'6+ =3 5+1 +)3/*31 3 -,*3-*6), 6/6)63/ =/ @'+)31+ 3 ),@,)6*,)6;/ =3 531 @3'-6*, <,)3' =/ =1+ 396)63/*3 3 31*, <3'',-63/*, *3)/+5;06),2 @,', 5, )=,5 13 <, 613,+ 5, 160=63/*3 @'+@=31*,"
>5?5 O-9e!/*. >5?535 O-9e!/* Ge&er$( C,@,)6*,' , 5+1 +)3/*31 3 -,*3-*6),1 3 5, U/6, E=),*67, “J=,/ M+/*,57+ N 4!2 1+.'3 35 =1+ 3 5, <+>, 3 )5)=5+ E:)35 @,', -3>+',' 35 ,@'3/6,>3 3 5+1 31*=6,/*31 35 +)*,7+ ,+ .16)+"
>5?5;5 O-9e!/*. E., 3 )5)=5+ E:)35 3/ 5, 3/13,/, 3 5, -,*3-*6),2 =3 531 @3'-6*, , 5+1 31*=6,/*31 -3>+',' 1= ,@'3/6,>3
•
,)656*,' , 5+1 +)3/*312 5+1 @'+)36-63/*+1 , 130=6' @,', 1= 6-@53-3/*,)6;/ 8 ,@56),)6;/2 3/ 5, 1+5=)6;/ 3 3>3')6)6+1 8 @'+.53-,1 -,*3-*6)+1"
U*656,' 5, <+>, 3 )5)=5+ E:)35 =',/*3 35 @'+)31+ 3 3/13,/, ,@'3/6,>3 3 -,*3-*6),2 5+ =3 @3'-6*6' -3>+',' 35 ,@'3/6,>3 3/ 5+1 31*=6,/*31 35 +)*,7+ ,+ 3 E=),)6;/ B16),"
>55 CONTENIDO U/, <+>, 3 )5)=5+ 31 =/ @'+0',-, 6/9+'-*6)+ =3 @3'-6*3 393)*=,' +@3',)6+/31 )+-@53>,1 )+/ *++ *6@+ 3 ,*+12 313/)6,5-3/*3 /=-'6)+12 163-@'3 =3 1*+1 @=3,/ +'0,/6,'13 3/ 9+'-, 3 G'96)+" C+/ =/, <+>, 3 )5)=5+ /+ 1;5+ @+3-+1 393)*=,' *+,1 5,1 +@3',)6+/31 =3 @3'-6*3 =/, @+*3/*3 ),5)=5,+',2 16/+ =3 ,3-1 @+3-+1 =1,'5, @,', +'3/,'2 ,/,56,' 8 '3@'313/*,' /=31*'+1 ,*+1" U/, ),',)*3'(1*6), =3 <,)3
78
31@3)6,5-3/*3 *6531 31*3 *6@+ 3 @'+0',-,1 31 1= ),@,)6, 3 '3),5)=5,' *++1 5+1 7,5+'31 +.*3/6+1 16/ -1 =3 7,'6,' 5+1 ,*+1 6/6)6,531"
E9e#)#!%& 'e ($ 8*9$ 'e #7(#)(* E#e( L, <+>, 3 )5)=5+ , =*656,' 31 MS EXCEL" U/, 73 6/6)6,+ 35 @'+0',-, +.*3/'1 =/, 73/*,/, @,'3)6, , 5, 160=63/*3
F!+)r$ >53 P,/*,55, 3 M6)'+1+9* O996)3 E:)35 $%% 8 1=1 @,'*31 E($-*r$'* <*r: P63'6/, A/',3 8 D3618 B,65;/ $%W
E(ee&*. 'e )&$ /e&$&$ 'e E#e( B$rr$ 'e !)(* L, .,'', 3 *(*=5+ )+/*63/3 35 /+-.'3 35 +)=-3/*+ 1+.'3 35 =3 13 31* *',.,>,/+ 3/ 313 -+-3/*+" C=,/+ )'3,-+1 =/ 56.'+ /=37+ 13 53 ,160/, 35 /+-.'3 @'+7616+/,5 L6.'+2 <,1*, =3 5+ 0=,'3-+1 8 53 3-+1 35 /+-.'3 =3 =3',-+1" E/ 35 3:*'3-+ 3 5, 3'3)<, 31*/ 5+1 .+*+/31 @,', -6/6-6,'2 '31*,=',' 8 )3'','"
B$rr$ 'e e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
B$rr$ 'e 8err$!e&$. e.7&'$r
79
L, .,'', 3 <3'',-63/*,1 31*/,' )+/*63/3 .+*+/31 =3 1+/ -*++1 '31=-6+1 @,', 5+1 )+-,/+1 -1 =*656,+1" C+/*63/3 .+*+/31 @,', 5,1 <3'',-63/*,1 =3 13 =1, )+/ -1 9'3)=3/)6,2 *,531 )+-+ 0=,','2 ,.'6' 3 6-@'6-6' 56.'+1"
B$rr$ 'e "*r$* C+/ 5, B,'', 3 +'-,*+ 31 @+16.53 ),-.6,' 35 ,1@3)*+ 3 5, <+>, 3 )5)=5+ 8 3 1=1 /-3'+1" C+-+ 5+1 /-3'+1 '3@'313/*,/ *,/*+2 3/*'+ 3 *++ 5+ =3 )+/*63/3 =/, <+>, 3 )5)=5+2 E:)35 61@+/3 3 7,'6+1 .+*+/31 @,', ,' 9+'-,*+ , 5+1 -61-+1" L+1 +*'+1 .+*+/31 @,', ,' 9+'-,*+ 9=/)6+/,/ )+-+ 13 31@3'," L+1 )+-,/+1 3 9+'-,*+ 13 ,@56),/ 03/3',5-3/*3 , *+, 5, )35," T,-.6/ @=33 ,' 9+'-,*+ 1+5,-3/*3 , =/, @,'*3 35 *3:*+ )+/*3/6+ 3/*'+ 3 5, )35, 9=3/*32 *,-,+ 3 9=3/*32 31*65+12 )+5+'W2 @3'+ 3/ ),-.6+2 5+1 9+'-,*+1 3 /-3'+12 ,56/3,-63/*+1 8 1,/0'(,1 1+5+ 13 ,@56),/ , 5, )35, (/*30'," L+1 ,56/3,-63/*+1 8 1,/0'(,1 1+/ 3-@53,+1 1+5+ 3/*'+ 3 5, )35, 8 /+ , *',71 3 *+, 5, @06/, = <+>, 3 )5)=5+"
B$rr$ 'e "*r)($. L, .,'', 3 9;'-=5, @3'-6*3 73'2 31)'6.6' 8 36*,' ,*+1 3/ 5, )35, 1353))6+/,," S6 5, )35, )+/*63/3 =/, 9;'-=5,2 13 -+1*',' ,=(" S6 <,8 =/, 9;'-=5, 13 -+1*',' 35 )+/*3/6+ 3 5, )35," E5 )+/*3/6+ 3 5, )35, 13 @=33 36*,' 6'3)*,-3/*3 3/ 5,1 )35,1 + 3/ 5, .,'', 3 9;'-=5,1 .
C)$'r* 'e &*-re. M=31*', 5, 6'3))6;/ 3 5, )35, ,)*67," P+' 3>3-@5+2 5, )35, 1353))6+/,, 3/ 5, 6/*3'13))6;/ 3 5, )+5=-/, A 8 965, Q" KAQK ,@,'3)3' 3/ 35 )=,'+ N+-.'32 =3 6/6), =3 5, )35, ,)*67, 31 5, AQ" E5 )+/*3/6+ 3 5, )35, 1353))6+/,, ,@,'3)3 3/ 5, .,'', 3 9;'-=5, , 5, 3'3)<, 35 )=,'+ N+-.'3 .
Ce('$ $#!/$ E1 5, )35, 3/ 5, =3 13 @=33/ 6/*'+=)6' ,*+1F /-3'+12 @,5,.',1 1(-.+5+1"
B$rr$ 'e e.$'* M=31*', -3/1,>31 8 )+-3/*,'6+1" S6 5, .,'', 3 31*,+ 31* ,)*67,, ,@,'3)3' 3/ 5,
80
@,'*3 6/93'6+' 3 5, @,/*,55," P,', ,)*67,' 5, .,'', 3 31*,+2 3/ ),1+ 3 =3 /+ 5+ 31*32 13 160=3/ 5+1 160=63/*31 @,1+1 •
S353))6+/,' 73' 3 5, .,'', 3 -3/
•
H,)3' )56) @,', ,.'6' 35 -3/ 31@530,.53"
•
E/ 35 -3/ 31@530,.532 31@5,,13 <,1*, K .,'', 3 E1*,+K 5=30+ -,'),' 5, ),1655, 3 73'696),)6;/
•
L, .,'', 3 E1*,+ 3.3 ,@,'3)3' 3/ 5, @,'*3 6/93'6+' 3 5, @,/*,55,"
•
S3 73' 5, @,5,.', LISTO 3/ 35 5,+ 6=63'+ 3 5, @,/*,55, 8 NUM 35 5,+ 3'3)<+" E1*+ /+1 6/6),' =3 E:)35 31* 3/ -++ L61*+ 8 31@3',/+ 35 160=63/*3 )+-,/+"
E!)e$. 'e 8*9$. L,1 .,'',1 3 31@5,,-63/*+ 73'*6),5 8 <+'6+/*,5 31*/ 61@+/6.531 @,', ,8=,'/+1 , 31@5,,'/+1 3/ 5,1 <+>,1 3 )5)=5+"
P$&e( 'e $re$. E/ 35 @,/35 3 *,'3,1 13 <,55,/ 5+1 )+-,/+1 =3 1+/ /+*,.531 @,', )=,5=63' *,'3, =3 13 31* '3,56,/+ 3/ E:)35" C;-+,-3/*3 13 @=33 +)=5*,' 35 @,/35 3 *,'3,1 16 13 313, *3/3' -1 31@,)6+ @,', *',.,>,' 3/ =/ 56.'+2 @,', 31*+ 13 <,)3 )56) 3/ 35 .+*;/ 3 )63''3 =3 13 3/)=3/*', 3/ 5, 31=6/, 1=@3'6+' 3'3)<, 35 @,/35 3 *,'3,1" P,', ,.'6'5+ /=37,-3/*32 13 160=3 5, 13)=3/)6, V3'`P,/35 3 *,'3,1"
M*/!!e&* r7, 31 7616.53 3/ 5, 73/*,/, 3 +)=-3/*+" L, <+>, 3/ 5, =3 31*,-+1 *',.,>,/+2 5, -,8+'(, 3 5,1 73)312 +)=@,' -,8+' /-3'+ 3 )35,1 =3 5,1 7616.531 3/ 35 '3, 3 5, @,/*,55, 8 31 /3)31,'6+ -+73'13 @+' 35 +)=-3/*+ '@6,-3/*3" C=,/+ /+ 31* ,.63'*+ /6/0/ -3/2 5,1 *3)5,1 ,)*67,1 @,', @+3' 31@5,,'13 , *',71 3 5, <+>, 1+/
MOVIMIENTO C35, A.,>+ C35, A''6., C35, D3'3)<,
TECLADO LECHA ABAJO LECHA ARRIBA LECHA DERECHA 81
C35, I=63', LECHA IZ?UIERDA P,/*,55, A.,>+ AVPAG P,/*,55, A''6., REPAG C35, A CTRLaINICIO P'6-3', )35, 3 5, )+5=-/, ,)*67, IN LECHA ARRIBA b5*6-, )35, 3 5, )+5=-/, ,)*67, IN LECHA ABAJO P'6-3', )35, 3 5, 965, ,)*67, IN LECHA IZ?UIERDA + INICIO b5*6-, )35, 3 5, 965, ,)*67, IN LECHA DERECHA O*', 9+'-, '@6, 3 -+73'13 @+' 5, <+>, )=,/+ 13 )+/+)3 )+/ 130='6, 5, )35, +/3 13 313, 6' 31 31)'6.6' 1= /+-.'3 3 )+5=-/, 8 965, 3/ 35 )=,'+ 3 /+-.'31 , 5, 6=63', 3 5, .,'', 3 9;'-=5,1 P+' 3>3-@5+2 @,', 6' , 5, )35, DQ 3.3'1 31)'6.6'5+ 3/ 5, ),>, 3 *3:*+ 8 @=51,' 5, *3)5, INTRO" A=/=3 163-@'3 @=331 =*656,' 35 ',*;/2 -+76/+*3 )+/ 5,1 .,'',1 3 31@5,,-63/*+ @,', 761=,56,' 5, )35, , 5, =3 =63'31 6'2 8 <,)3' )56) 1+.'3 1*,"
M*/!!e&* r7+ 3:61*3/ 7,'6,1 <+>,1 3 )5)=5+" P+' 393)*+ ,@,'3)3/ <+>,1 3 )5)=5+2 ,=/=3 35 /-3'+ @+'(, ),-.6,'13" E-@3,'3-+1 @+' =*656,' 5, .,'', 3 3*6=3*,1" O.13'7,'1 )+-+ 3/ /=31*'+ ),1+ *3/3-+1 <+>,1 3 )5)=5+2 163/+ 5, <+>, ,)*67,2 31 3)6'2 5, <+>, 3/ 5, =3 31*,-+1 16*=,+1 @,', *',.,>,'2 5, H+>," H,)63/+ )56) 1+.'3 )=,5=63' @31*,, ),-.6,' 3 <+>,2 31 3)6'2 16 <,)31 )56) 1+.'3 5, @31*,, H+>, @,1,'1 , *',.,>,' )+/ 6)<, <+>," S6 35 /-3'+ 3 <+>,1 /+ ),.3/ 3/ 5, .,'', 3 3*6=3*,12 *3/'3-+1 =3 <,)3' =1+ 3 5+1 .+*+/31 3 5, 6=63', 3 6)<, .,'', @,', 761=,56,'5,1 •
P,', 761=,56,' , @,'*6' 3 5, H+>,"
•
P,', 761=,56,' 5, <+>, ,/*3'6+' , 5,1 =3 31*,-+1 761=,56,/+"
•
P,', 761=,56,' 5, <+>, 160=63/*3 , 5,1 =3 31*,-+1 761=,56,/+"
•
P,', 761=,56,' 5,1 5*6-,1 <+>,1"
U/, 73 761=,56,, 5, <+>, , 5, =3 =3'3-+1 ,))33'2 .,1*,' )+/ <,)3' )56) 1+.'3 5, 82
3*6=3*, 3 1*," S6 *+,1 5,1 <+>,1 35 56.'+ 3 *',.,>+ ),.3/ 3/ 5, .,'',2 31*+1 .+*+/31 /+ *3/'/ /6/0/ 393)*+" T,-.6/ 13 @=33/ =*656,' )+-.6/,)6+/31 3 *3)5,1 @,', '3,56,' 31@5,,-63/*+1 3/*'+ 35 56.'+ 3 *',.,>+2 )+-+ @=33/ 13'
MOVIMIENTO H+>, S60=63/*3 H+>, A/*3'6+'
TECLADO CTRLaAVPAG CTRLaREPAG
F!+)r$ >5; P,/*,55, 3 M6)'+1+9* O996)3 E:)35 $%% 8 1=1 @,'*31 E($-*r$'* <*r: P63'6/, A/',3 8 D3618 B,65;/ $%W
I&r*')##!%& 1 *'!"!#$#!%& 'e '$*.5 U/, )35, 3 =/, <+>, 3 )5)=5+ @=33 )+/*3/3' ,*+1 -=8 693'3/*312 )+-+ *3:*+2 /-3'+12 93)<,1 + 9;'-=5,1" P,', 6/*'+=)6' =/ ,*+ 3/ =/, )35, .,1*, )+/ *3)53,'5+ 8 @=51,' 5, *3)5,2 + .63/ 31@5,,'13 , +*', )35," P,', -+696),' 35 )+/*3/6+ 3 =/, )35, @=331 =1,' +1 @'+)36-63/*+1
83
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P,', ),-.6,' *++ 35 )+/*3/6+2 16*,*3 3/ 5, )35, 8 *3)53, 35 /=37+ ,*+" S6 1;5+ =63'31 ),-.6,' @,'*3 35 )+/*3/6+2 16*,*3 3/ 5, )35,2 @=51, 5, *3)5, $ 8 )+''603 5+ =3 =63',1 )+-+ 13 <,)3 3/ =/ @'+)31,+' 3 *3:*+ )=,5=63',"
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