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Br. CARLOS A. VÁSQUEZ VÁSQUEZ VELÁS VELÁSQUEZ Y
Br. RENATO RENATO A. BALTA PERALES PERALES
3.2.1. Buses de Campo Propietario ................................................................................... 16 3.2.2. Buses de Campo Abierto.......................................................................................... 16 4. HMI ............................................................................................................................................. 1 18 8 5. SCADA
................................................................................................................................. 20
5.1. Conce oncepto pto Básico Básico De Sistem Sistemas SCA SCADA...... ........... ........... ........... ........... .............. ............. ........... ............ ........... ............. .............. ........... ....... 20 20 5.2. Funcio Funcione ness Principales rincipales Del Del Sistema istema SCA SCADA...... ........... ........... ........... ........... .............. .............. ........... ........... ........... ............. ............. ..... 21 6. RELAV LAVES ................................................................................................................................. 22 7. CIAN IANURACIÓN IÓN ........................................................................................................................... 22 7.2. Cianu Cianuració ración n dinám dinámica..... ica........... ............ ........... ........... .............. ............. ........... ........... ........... ........... ............. .............. ........... ........... ........... ............. ............. ..... 22 7.3. Cianura Cianuración ción Estática..... ........... ............ ........... ........... .............. ............. ........... ........... ........... ........... ............. .............. ........... ........... ........... ............. .............. ...... 23 8. MÉTODOS LIXIVIANTES ........................................................................................................... 23 8.1. Métodos de Cianuración ...................................................................................................... 24 8.1.1. Método de Cianuración tipo “DUMP LEACHING” .................................................... 24 8.1.2. Método de Cianuración Cianuración tipo tipo “HEAP “HEAP LEACH LEACHING ING”... ”...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ....... ....... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ... 24 8.1.3. Método de Cianuración Cianuración tipo “VAT “VAT LEAC LEACHIN HING G” ... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ....... ....... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ....... 25 8.1.4. 8.1.4. Métod Método o de Cianu Cianuración ración por por agitación agitación .......... ................ ........... ........... .............. ............. ........... ............ ........... ........... ............. ....... 25 25 8.2. Cianuración por Agitación en la Unidad Minera Orcopampa ............................................. 25 9. CAR CARBÓN BÓN ACTIVA TIVADO..... ........... ........... ........... ............ .............. ............. ........... ........... ........... ........... ............. .............. ........... ........... ........... ............. .............. ........... ......... 26 9.1. El carbón activado en la cianuración ................................................................................... 27 10. ESPESA ESADOR .............................................................................................................................. 27 10.1. Principio de Operación ....................................................................................................... 27 10.2. Tipos de Espesamientos ................................................................................................... 28
CAPITULO III LAZOS DE CONTROL
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Br. CARLOS A. VÁSQUEZ VÁSQUEZ VELÁS VELÁSQUEZ Y
Br. RENATO RENATO A. BALTA PERALES PERALES
CAPITULO IV SELECCIÓN DE INSTRUMENTOS Y EQUIPOS 1. CRITERIOS DE SELECCIÓN DE INSTRUMENTOS Y EQUIPOS DE CONTROL ................ 42 1.1.Instrumentos 1.1. Instrumentos de Medición .................................................................................................... 42 1.2.V 1.2. Válvula álvulass de Contro ontrol............................................................................................................... l............................................................................................................... 43 1.3.E 1.3. Equipo quiposs de Control ontrol .............................................................................................................. 44 1.3.1. Controlado ontroladorr Lógico Lógico Progra Program mable able...... ........... ........... ........... ........... .............. ............. ........... ............ ........... ............. .............. ........... ..... 44 2. SELECCIÓN DE INSTRUMENTOS Y EQUIPO DE CONTROL .............................................. 45 2.1.Selección 2.1. Selección de Instrumentos ................................................................................................... 45 2.1.1. Sensor Ultrasonido De Nivel .................................................................................... 45 2.1.2. Densímetro Radiactivo ............................................................................................. 47 2.1.3. Medido edidorr de pH.......................................................................................................... 49 2.1.4. Medidor de Oxigeno Disuelto ................................................................................... 52 2.1.5. Medido edidorr deFlujo ...................................................................................................... 54 2.1.6. Válvula Pinch Neumática ......................................................................................... 57 2.1.7. Válvula álvula de Con Control trol Electron Electroneu eum mática...... ........... ........... ........... ........... .............. .............. ........... ........... ........... ............. ............. ..... 58 2.1.8. Válvula álvula Neu Neum mática Tipo Cuchilla uchilla ...... ........... ........... ........... ........... .............. .............. ........... ........... ........... ............. .............. .......... .... 59 2.1.9. Electrová lectroválvu lvulas las ......................................................................................................... 61 2.1.10.Transductor 2.1.10. Transductor De Corriente ......................................................................................... 63 2.1.11.Variadores 2.1.11. Variadores de Velocidad .......................................................................................... 64 2.2.Selección 2.2. Selección de Equipo De Control .......................................................................................... 69 2.2.1. PLCQUAN QUANTU TUM M140CPU 140CPU53 534-1 4-14 4............ .................. ............ ........... ............. .............. ........... ........... ........... ............. .............. .......... .... 69 2.2.2. PLC Modicon M340 .................................................................................................. 72
CAPITULO V
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Br. CARLOS A. VÁSQUEZ VÁSQUEZ VELÁS VELÁSQUEZ Y
Br. RENATO RENATO A. BALTA PERALES PERALES
3.2. Diagrama De Instrumentación del proceso Cianuración ................................................... 85 4. SCADA DEL PROYECTO........................................................................................................... 87
CAPITULO VI COSTOS DEL PROYECTO 1. GENERALIDADES ...................................................................................................................... 92 2. COS COSTOS TOS DEL DEL PRO PROYEC YECTO..... ........... ............ ........... ........... .............. ............. ........... ........... ........... ........... ............. .............. ........... ........... ............ .............. ............ 92 2.1. Costos ostos de Los Los Instrumen Instrumentos tos...... ........... ........... ........... ........... .............. ............. ........... ........... ........... ........... ............. .............. ............ ........... ........... ........ 93 2.2. Costos ostos de Equipos quipos De Contro Controll ...... ........... ........... ........... ........... .............. ............. ........... ........... ........... .............. .............. ........... ........... ........... ......... 94 2.3. Costos ostos de Equipos quipos a nivel nivel de supe supervisión rvisión...... ........... ........... ........... ........... .............. .............. ........... ........... ........... ............. .............. ........ 94 2.4. Costos ostos por por mano ano de obra obra ......... .............. ........... ........... ........... .............. .............. ........... ........... ........... ............. .............. ........... ........... ........... ............ ....... 94 3. JUS JUSTIFICA TIFICACIÓ CIÓN N DEL DEL PRO PROYEC YECTO...... ........... ........... ........... ........... .............. ............. ........... ........... ........... ........... ............. .............. ............ ........... ........ ... 95 4. FINA FINANCIAC IACIÓN IÓN........................................................................................................................... 95 CONCLU NCLUS SIONE IONES ..... ........... ........... ........... ........... ............. .............. ........... ........... ............ ........... ............. .............. ........... ........... ........... ............. .............. ........... ........... ........... ......... 96 RECOMENDACIONES ..................................................................................................................... 97 REFERE FEREN NCIAS CIAS BIBLIO BIBLIOG GRÁFIC RÁFICAS AS .............. .................... ........... ........... .............. .............. ........... ........... ........... ............. .............. ........... ........... ........... ........... ...... 98 AN ANEXOS
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Br. CARLOS A. VÁSQUEZ VÁSQUEZ VELÁS VELÁSQUEZ Y
Br. RENATO RENATO A. BALTA PERALES PERALES
INDICE DE FIGURAS Fig. Fig. 1
: Ubicac Ubicación ión geog geográfica ráfica ...... ........... ........... ........... ........... .............. ............. ........... ........... ........... ........... ............. .............. ........... ........... ............ .............. ........ 4
Fig. Fig. 2
: Esquem squema a del del proces proceso o de repulpa repulpado do...... ........... ........... ........... ........... .............. .............. ........... ........... ........... ............. .............. ........... ....... 5
Fig. Fig. 3
: Esquem squema a del del proces proceso o de cianura cianuración ción...... ........... ........... ........... ........... .............. .............. ........... ........... ........... ............. .............. .......... .... 6
Fig. 4
: Sistema istema de bucle bucle abierto abierto.................... ................................................... ............................................................... ......................................................... ......................... 8
Fig. 5
: Sistema istema de bucle bucle cerrado cerrado...................... ..................................................... ............................................................... ..................................................... .....................9
Fig. Fig. 6
: Ejemplos jemplos de circuitos sin PLC...... ........... ........... ........... ........... .............. ............. ........... ........... ........... .............. .............. ........... ........... ......... ... 12
Fig. Fig. 7
: Ejemplos jemplos de circuitos con con PLC PLC...... ........... ........... ........... ........... .............. ............. ........... ........... ........... .............. .............. ........... ........... .......... 13
Fig. Fig. 8
: Sistema istema de control control distribuido...... ........... ........... ........... ........... .............. ............. ........... ........... ........... .............. .............. ........... ........... ......... ... 15
Fig. 9
: HMI ................................................................................................................................ 19
Fig. Fig. 10 : Espesad spesador or por por grave graveda dad d ...... ........... ........... ........... ........... .............. ............. ........... ........... ........... ........... ............. .............. ............ ........... ........... ...... 29 Fig. Fig. 11 : Espesad spesador or por por flotación ...... ........... ........... ........... ........... .............. ............. ........... ........... ........... ........... ............. .............. ............ ........... ........... ........ 30 Fig. Fig. 12 : Proceso roceso de control control de dens densidad idad...... ........... ........... ........... ........... .............. ............. ........... ............ ........... ............. .............. ........... ........... ...... 32 Fig. Fig. 13 : Diagram Diagrama a de flujo de control control de dens densidad idad...... ........... ........... ............ ........... ............. .............. ........... ........... ........... ............. .......... 33 Fig. Fig. 14 : Proceso roceso de control control de flujo masa...... ........... ........... ........... ........... .............. ............. ........... ............ ........... ............. .............. ........... ......... .... 34 Fig. Fig. 15 : Diagram Diagrama a de flujo de control control de flujo masa...... ........... ........... ............ ........... ............. .............. ........... ........... ........... ............ ....... 35 Fig. Fig. 16 : pH en el tanque tanque cianuració cianuración n #1 ...... ........... ........... ........... ........... .............. ............. ........... ............ ........... ............. .............. ........... ........... ...... 36 Fig. 17 : Diagrama Diagrama de flujo flujo del pH en el tanque tanque de cianuración cianuración #1
37
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Br. CARLOS A. VÁSQUEZ VÁSQUEZ VELÁS VELÁSQUEZ Y
Br. RENATO RENATO A. BALTA PERALES PERALES
Fig. 33 : Instalación típica del variador de velocidad con un motor trifásico trifásico ... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ..... 68 Fig. Fig. 34 : Variadores ariadores de velocida velocidad d Micromaste icromasterr 440 440 ...... ........... ........... ............ ........... ............. .............. ........... ........... ........... ............. ........ 69 Fig. Fig. 35 : PLC Quantum uantum140C 140CP PU534-14 534-14...... ........... ........... ........... ........... .............. ............. ........... ........... ........... .............. .............. ........... ........... .......... 71 Fig. Fig. 36 : PLC Modicon odicon M340 340 ..... ........... ............ ........... ........... .............. ............. ........... ........... ........... ........... ............. .............. ........... ........... ............ .............. ........ 74 Fig. Fig. 37 : Arquitectura rquitectura de Sistema istema De control control ...... ........... ........... ........... ........... .............. ............. ........... ............ ........... ............. .............. ........... ..... 77 Fig. 38 : Relave elaveras ras...................................................................................................................... 79 Fig. 39 : Diagrama Diagrama de Instrumen Instrumentación tación del proceso proceso de repulado repulado... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ....... ....... ...... ...... ....... 84 Fig. 40 : Diagrama Diagrama de Instrumen Instrumentación tación del proceso proceso de cianuración cianuración... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ....... ....... ...... ..... 86 Fig. Fig. 41a 41a : SCADA CADA del del Proce Proceso so de Repulpa epulpado do...... ........... ........... ........... ........... .............. ............. ........... ............ ........... ............. .............. ........... ..... 88 Fig. Fig. 41b 41b : SCADA CADA del del Proce Proceso so de Repulpa epulpado do...... ........... ........... ........... ........... .............. ............. ........... ............ ........... ............. .............. ........... ..... 89 Fig. Fig. 42 : SCADA CADA del del Proceso roceso de Cianuració ianuración n ...... ........... ........... ........... ........... .............. .............. ........... ........... ........... ............. .............. ......... ... 89 Fig. 43 : Display para el ingreso de datos de cada cada lazo de control control ... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ....... ....... ...... ....... 90 Fig. Fig. 44 44 : Display Display para para mostrar ostrar datos datos de los motores otores...... ........... ........... ............ ........... ............. .............. ........... ........... ........... ............ ....... 90 Fig. Fig. 45 : Repo Reporte rte de datos datos del del SCADA ADA...... ........... ........... ........... ........... .............. ............. ........... ........... ........... .............. .............. ........... ........... .......... .... 91
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Br. CARLOS A. VÁSQUEZ VÁSQUEZ VELÁS VELÁSQUEZ Y
Br. RENATO RENATO A. BALTA PERALES PERALES
INDICE DE TABLAS
Tabla. Tabla. 1 : Presión de trabajo trabajo de de válvu válvula la de control control neu neum mática ..... ........... ........... ........... ........... ............. .............. ........... .......... ..... 60 Tabla. Tabla. 2 : Selección elección de Variadore ariadoress de Velocidad elocidad...... ........... ........... ........... ........... .............. .............. ........... ........... ........... ............. .............. ...... 66 Tabla. Tabla. 3 : Característi Características cas del PLC PLC Quantum uantum 140CPU 140CPU534 534-14 -14... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ....... ....... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ... 70 Tabla. Tabla. 4 : Carac Características terísticas del del PLC PLC Modicon odicon M340 340 ...... ........... ........... ........... ........... .............. .............. ........... ........... ........... ............. ............ .... 72 Tabla. Tabla. 5 : Costos Costos de Instrumentos entos...... ........... ........... ........... ........... .............. ............. ........... ........... ........... ........... ............. .............. ............ ........... ........... .......... 93 Tabla. Tabla. 6 : Costos Costos de Equipo quiposs de Control......... Control............... ........... ........... ........... ............. .............. ........... ........... ........... ............. .............. ........... ........... ...... 94 Tabla. Tabla. 7 : Costos Costos de Equipo quiposs a Nivel Nivel de Superv upervisión isión...... ........... ........... ............ ........... ............. .............. ........... ........... ........... ............. ........ 94 94 Tabla. Tabla. 8 : Costos Costos por por Mano ano de Obra...... ........... ........... ........... ........... .............. ............. ........... ........... ........... ........... ............. .............. ............ ........... ......... .... 94
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Br. CARLOS A. VÁSQUEZ VÁSQUEZ VELÁS VELÁSQUEZ Y
Br. RENATO RENATO A. BALTA PERALES PERALES
CAPITULO I INTRODUCCIÓN
1. EL PROBLEMA En el departamento de Arequipa se ubica la unidad minera Orcopampa perteneciente a la compañía de minas “BUENAVENTURA”, la cual inicio sus operaciones hace 42 años. El procesos para separar el oro de la roca era significativamente menos eficiente de lo que es ahora, por tanto, un porcentaje de oro no se recuperaba y se desperdiciaba e iba a
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Br. CARLOS A. VÁSQUEZ VÁSQUEZ VELÁS VELÁSQUEZ Y
Br. RENATO RENATO A. BALTA PERALES PERALES
3. HIPÓTESIS La automatización de planta de repulpado y cianuración en la unidad minera Orcopampa significara asegurar un aumento en la eficiencia del procesamiento de oro.
4. ANTECEDENTES ANTECEDENTES DEL PROBLEMA PROBL EMA Habiendo realizado una pesquisa bibliográfica, respecto a los antecedentes del presente trabajo, se tiene que:
En biblioteca: Se buscó información en la Biblioteca Especializada de la Universidad Privada Antenor Orrego, se encontró una tesis relacionado con el tema.
Autor: Br Eduardo Raúl Arca Torrejón “Diseño e implemen implementaci tación ón de de un sistem sistema a de supervisión supervisión y control de proceso de de Titulo : “Diseño relaves en la unidad minera Rosaura de le empresa PERUBAR”.
Conclusiones : Al Al analiz lizar la prob roblem lemátic tica y con el estud tudio de la autom tomatiz tización ión se dio paso al dise iseño del
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Br. CARLOS A. VÁSQUEZ VÁSQUEZ VELÁS VELÁSQUEZ Y
Br. RENATO RENATO A. BALTA PERALES PERALES
5. OBJETIVOS: 5.1. Objetivo General Diseñar la automatización más adecuada para el proceso de retratamiento del relave en la unidad minera Orcopampa
5.2. Objetivos Específicos
Diseñar un sistema de control el cual debe cumplir con los lineamientos de la planta.
Diseñar un sistema de control, seguro, amigable y confiable en donde el operador pueda realizar las distintas operaciones de manera fácil e intuitiva, utilizando para
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Br. CARLOS A. VÁSQUEZ VÁSQUEZ VELÁS VELÁSQUEZ Y
Br. RENATO RENATO A. BALTA PERALES PERALES
Método Mé todo de explotación Método de Corte y Relleno Ascendente Mecanizado
Limpieza con Scoop de 0.5, 1.0, 2.2 y 3.5 Yd3
Extracción de Mineral hacia el Pique se realiza con Camiones de bajo perfil y locomotoras trolley
El mineral es izado a nivel superficie por el Pique Nazareno
Transporte de mina a Planta con volquetes Volvo de 24 Tn.
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Br. CARLOS A. V ÁSQUEZ VELÁSQUEZ Y Br. RENAT O A. BALTA PERALES
0
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VELOCIDAD FALLA IMPULSOR IMPULSOR VFD FUNCIONANDO
C
C PANEL DECONTROL TUR TU R B IIN NE E
RICE A
R
CU C UTO TOUT UT
ALAR ALARM M
DRIVE CUTOUT
RAKE DRIVE HIGH TORKE
R AKE
G
G
RUNINNG
RUNNING
D
D
M TURBINE
G
M RAKE
E
E
F
F
G
G
DISEÑADOPOR:: EMPRESA: BR.RENATOBALTAY BR.CARLOSVASQUEZ COMPAÑIADEMINASBUENA VENTURAS.A.A
DIBUJADOPOR:: BR.RENATOBALTAY BR.CARLOSVASQUEZ
TITULO:
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Br. CARLOS A. V ÁSQUEZ VELÁSQUEZ Y Br. RENAT O A. BALTA PERALES
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G
DISEÑADOPOR:: EMPRESA: BR. RENATOBALTAY BR. CARLOSVASQUEZ COMPAÑIADEMINAS BUENAVENTURA S.A.A
DIBUJADOPOR:: BR. RENATOBALTAY BR. CARLOSVASQUEZ
Compañia de Minas
Buena entura
VERIFICADOPOR: ING.LUIS VARGASDIAZ.
TITULO: ESQUEMADELPROCESO DE CIANURACION
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Br. CARLOS A. VÁSQUEZ VÁSQUEZ VELÁS VELÁSQUEZ Y
Br. RENATO RENATO A. BALTA PERALES PERALES
CAPITULO II FUNDAMENTO TEÓRICO
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Br. CARLOS A. VÁSQUEZ VÁSQUEZ VELÁS VELÁSQUEZ Y
Br. RENATO RENATO A. BALTA PERALES PERALES
referencia en las que esperamos que se desarrolle el proceso o dicho de otra forma, representa el comportamiento deseado para el mismo. Con la consigna se establece los posibles márgenes de variación de determinadas magnitudes que serán comparadas con otras de la misma naturaleza medidas en el proceso y que lo caracterizan. Los sistemas de control, según que el desarrollo desarrollo del proceso tenga efecto o no sobre la acción de de control, control, se pueden clasificar en: sistemas de bucle (o lazo) abierto y sistemas de bucle cerrado.
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Br. CARLOS A. VÁSQUEZ VÁSQUEZ VELÁS VELÁSQUEZ Y
Fig. 5: Sistema de bucle cerrado
Br. RENATO RENATO A. BALTA PERALES PERALES
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Br. CARLOS A. VÁSQUEZ VÁSQUEZ VELÁS VELÁSQUEZ Y
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pasa de forma automática a otro tipo de regulación cuando el error se aproxima a cero.
1.3.2. Control PID El algoritmo de control más ampliamente extendido es el PID, pero existen muchos otros métodos que pueden dar un control de mayor calidad en ciertas
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El PLC trabaja atendiendo sus entradas y dependiendo de su estado conecta/desconecta sus salidas. El usuario introduce un programa, normalmente vía software que proporciona los resultados deseados. Los PLC son utilizados en muchas aplicaciones reales, casi cualquier aplicación que necesite algún tipo de control eléctrico necesita un PLC. Entonces se define un PLC como una computadora especializada, diseñada para controlar maquinas y procesos en ambientes industriales operando en tiempo real.
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como sus limitaciones, por tanto, aunque el coste inicial debe tenerse en cuenta a la hora de decidirnos por uno u otro sistema, conviene analizar todos los demás factores para asegurarnos una decisión acertada.
c) Eje Ejemplos mplos de circuitos sin PLC La siguiente figura muestra un típico circuito de automatismos, Un arrancador
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Br. CARLOS A. VÁSQUEZ VÁSQUEZ VELÁS VELÁSQUEZ Y
Br. RENATO RENATO A. BALTA PERALES PERALES
El densímetro DensityPRO tiene un sistema de rayos gamma de Densidad se ha diseñado para ofrecer fiabilidad, exactitud de las mediciones de la densidad de material para una amplia variedad de aplicaciones exigentes. El calibrador se monta fuera del proceso y nunca en contacto con el proceso o el material. El indicador permite medir la densidad de casi cualquier líquido, purines, pulpa o solución. El calibrador puede convertir la base de medición de la densidad en una variedad de la producción en su caso las mediciones para aplicaciones específicas, por ejemplo, la densidad o contenido de sólidos por unidad de volumen. Dada una temperatura de entrada, el indicador puede compensar la densidad medida relativa a un usuario la temperatura de referencia especificada. Si un flujo de entrada es siempre constante, el indicador de flujo de masa lo puede calcular. Los menús de configuración indican a través del proceso de configuración para ayudar a evaluar rápidamente la configuración. Las partes principales del equipo son, una fuente, un detector, y un transmisor. La fuente y detector están montados a ambos lados de la tubería o buque que contiene el proceso material. El transmisor contiene el microprocesador (CPU) y la junta de entrada / salida (I / 0), las juntas se puede montar a cierta distancia del detector en un lugar más conveniente para el usuario. La fuente de radioisótopos emite radiación gamma que pasa por el material. El detector mide la energía de la radiación después de pasar a través del material. El indicador determina la densidad del proceso de materiales mediante la medición de la atenuación (reducción de energía) del haz de rayos gamma al pasar por el material.
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Br. CARLOS A. VÁSQUEZ VÁSQUEZ VELÁS VELÁSQUEZ Y
Br. RENATO RENATO A. BALTA PERALES PERALES
2.1.3. Medidor de pH Marca
:
YOKOGAWA
Modelo
:
PH202G
Cantidad :
2
Características:
Performance: Las especificaciones se expresan con sensor. -
Repetibilidad: 0,05 pH
-
Tiempo Tiempo de respuesta: respuesta: 10 segundos (90% (90% de respuesta, utili utilizando zando el el pH sensor y la solución tampón igualado para ambos 20°C, con la agitación adecuada.)
Precisión: pH +/- 0,1 (utilizando PH8EFP o PH8EHP)
Temperatura Ambiente de Servicio - 10 a + 55°C
Especificaciones Estándares Precisión: 60,2% de Span Transmisor de tensión de alimentación: 26,5 +/- 1,5 V DC Corriente máxima del consumo de energía 24 VCC: aprox. 200mA 100V AC: aprox. 7VA 220V AC: aprox. 11VA
Resistencia de Aislamiento Entre terminales de E/S y la clavija de tierra: de 100 MΩ / 500 V DC Fuente de alimentación entre las patillas y la clavija de tierra: 100 MΩ / 500 V CC
Especificaciones Especificaciones de Funcionamiento Temperatura ambiente: 0 a 50 °C
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Br. CARLOS A. VÁSQUEZ VÁSQUEZ VELÁS VELÁSQUEZ Y
Br. RENATO RENATO A. BALTA PERALES PERALES
100V: DC de 20 a 130 V, sin polaridad AC AC de 80 a 138 V, 47 a 63 Hz 220V: CC 120 a 340 V, no polaridad AC AC 138 a 264 V, 47 a 63 Hz
Especificaciones Especificaciones Elé Eléctricas ctricas Fuente de alimentación: No requiere alimentación externa. Sistema de alimentación a través de RS232 Ordenador: RS-232-C DB-9 macho
-
Medición universal de pH / ORP.
-
Entrada de alta impedancia para electrodos de referencia.
-
Control de sensores en línea.
-
Proceso de compensación de temperatura.
-
Am Amplifi lificcador dife iferen rencial ial de entra trada.
-
Fácil de usar con un panel de control.
-
Contraseña de protección para todos los niveles de software.
-
Rangos aceptables de precisión.
Protección Nema 4, 4x, IP 65 En el proceso de repulpado y cianuración el ingreso de cal permite la generación del grado de acides o de alcalinidad en donde nos permite medir el pH en ciertos rangos permitidos que necesita el proceso. Normalmente podemos medir el pH bien usando papeles indicadores del pH o bien mediante un pH-metro, dependiendo del nivel de precisión requerido. Los papeles o indicadores del pH cambian de color según la acidez o alcalinidad. Estos pueden usarse como guía aproximada del nivel de pH, pero pueden verse limitados en su precisión o incluso ser difícilmente interpretables cuando se trabaja con muestras coloreadas, turbias, pulpas, etc. De tal manera que no es recomendable para estos tipos de procesos, entonces para una mayor precisión se recomienda el uso de un pH-metro de alta
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Br. CARLOS A. VÁSQUEZ VÁSQUEZ VELÁS VELÁSQUEZ Y
Br. RENATO RENATO A. BALTA PERALES PERALES
a) El pH-metro es un gran amplificador de la impedancia usado para medir con precisión los pequeños voltajes producidos por el electrodo. El pHmetro muestra los resultados directamente en unidades de pH mediante una pantalla digital. El voltaje puede leerse también para aplicaciones especiales, tales como medidas ORP (Oxidación-Reducción Potencial) que también este equipo tiene dicha opción.
b) Electrodo de pH es un bulbo de vidrio sensible al ión de hidrógeno, con una salida en el rango de los milivoltios que varía con los cambios en la concentración relativa de ión hidrógeno dentro o fuera del bulbo. El electrodo de pH tiene una resistencia interna muy alta, que hace que los cambios de voltaje con el pH sean difíciles de medir. La impedancia de entrada del pH-metro y las resistencias residuales son por tanto factores importantes.
c) El electrodo de referencia son celdas que se componen de un elemento interno, normalmente de cable de plata o cloruro de plata, un electrolito (KCl) y un líquido de contacto y produce un voltaje estable y reproducible cuando se sumerge en la solución. El líquido de contacto proporciona un camino de escape para que el electrolito interno interfiera en la cámara de la muestra y proporcione un contacto eléctrico con el líquido o pulpa que se va a medir, cuando los dos electrodos están en contacto con un medidor de pH la diferencia de voltaje se amplifica y se visualiza, si el líquido de contacto es ineficiente entonces la medida será poco precisa. Es frecuente que el electrodo de referencia se incorpore en el electrodo de pH, es entonces cuando se habla de electrodo combinado. El voltaje desarrollado por cada electrodo de pH individual en presencia de una concentración conocida de ión hidrógeno es teóricamente predecible, pero en la práctica cabe esperar desviaciones del valor teórico, éstas desviaciones pueden cambiar lentamente durante la vida de un electrodo.
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Br. CARLOS A. VÁSQUEZ VÁSQUEZ VELÁS VELÁSQUEZ Y
Br. RENATO RENATO A. BALTA PERALES PERALES
Fig. 24: Medidor de pH
2.1.4. Me Medidor didor de Oxigeno Disuelto Marca
:
YOKOGAWA
Modelo
:
DO402G
Cantidad :
1
Características:
Rangos de entrada OD: 0 - 50 mg/l (ppm) Temperatura: 0 - 50 º C (32 - 122 º F)
Transmisión de señales Dos salidas salidas aisl aisladas adas de de 0/4-20 0/4-20 mA mA DC con común común negati negativo. vo. Carga máxima 600 Ω.
Compensación Compensación de temperatura (0-50 º C) Tipos de sensores: Pt100, Pt1000, Pb36 NTC, NTC 22k Temperatura de indemnización automática o manual
Comunicación comunicación comunicación bidireccional bidireccional bajo el estándar estándar EIA-485 EIA-485 utili utilizando zando protocolo HART.
Alimentación 230 VAC ± 15%, 50/60 Hz, consumo máximo 10 VA. 115 VAC ± 15%, 50/60 Hz, consumo máximo 10 VA.
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Br. CARLOS A. VÁSQUEZ VÁSQUEZ VELÁS VELÁSQUEZ Y
Br. RENATO RENATO A. BALTA PERALES PERALES
Tiempo de respuesta 0 - 90%: 10 s
Temperatura ambiente de operación -10 A + 55°C (10 a 131 º F)
Humedad 10 90% de humedad relativa sin condensación
Protección de datos Memori emoria a no no volát volátilil para para la configuración configuración y para para la navegación navegación diaria, diaria, batería batería de litio para reloj de apoyo.
Protección Nema 4, 4x, IP65
Este equipo es de utilidad para el ingreso de oxigeno, su construcción está basado en el modelo modelo de Clark, el sistem sistema a consist consiste e en una una célul célula a de de dos dos electrodos, una membrana permeable al oxigeno y un electrolito, los electrodos de un ánodo de plata y un cátodo de material noble por lo general de platino , un electrolito contiene KCl, debe de unir el ánodo y el cátodo, el oxigeno se difunde a través de la membrana embrana permeab permeable le hacia el interi interior or del electrodo electrodo donde donde se producen reacciones químicas que generan una corriente que es la base de la medida y mediante una etapa de electrónica finalmente visualiza el dato. Existen dos tipos de sensores, galvánicos que la propia célula genera un voltaje suficiente para efectuar la medida y los polarograficos al que debe aplicarse un voltaje para efectuar la medida. Pero los sensores polarograficos llevan ventaja sobre los sensores galvánicos como:
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Br. CARLOS A. VÁSQUEZ VÁSQUEZ VELÁS VELÁSQUEZ Y
Br. RENATO RENATO A. BALTA PERALES PERALES
- La mayor rapidez de respuesta del electrodo polarograficos posibilita utilizar membranas de mayor grosor y por tanto mucho mas robustas y duraderas. - En conclusión los sensores polarograficos solo son activos, por definición, cuando están polarizados. Son sensores de larga duración y de gran estabilidad de tiempo.
Fig. 25: Medidor de Oxigeno Disuelto
2.1.5. Me Medidor didor de Flujo Marca
:
YOKOGAWA
Modelo
:
DY
Cantidad :
2
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Br. CARLOS A. VÁSQUEZ VÁSQUEZ VELÁS VELÁSQUEZ Y
Br. RENATO RENATO A. BALTA PERALES PERALES
Señales Señales de Salida Salid a La comunicación digital de señal es compatible con el protocolo Foundati Foundation on Fieldbu Fieldbuss
Tensión Tensión y Corriente de Alimentación 9 a 32 VDC para fines generales 9 a 24 VDC para el tipo de seguridad intrínseca (Entidad modelo) 9 a 17,5 VDC para el tipo de seguridad intrínseca (modelo FISCO) Suministro de corriente: 11 mA (máximo)
Rango de Temperatur Temperaturaa Alt Alta a tem temperatu ratura ra hasta 450 °C Mínim ínima temperatur temperatura a -196 °C
Alarma de Salida Salida (switch de flujo) Una señal de salida en caso alarma Longitud de cable a una distancia máxima de 30m
Comunicación Foundation Fieldbus y protocolo Hart
Protección JIS / FM / CENELEC ATEX / CSA / SAA
El flujómetro de efecto Vortex consta básicamente de un obstáculo en su interior llamado (shedder) que se opone al avance del fluido generando así los vórtices (flujo turbulento), ahora para medir la frecuencia de desprendimiento de los vórtices se necesita de un sensor y mediante una electrónica convierte esta frecuencia en una señal que puede ser visualizada en un display local o ser
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Br. CARLOS A. VÁSQUEZ VÁSQUEZ VELÁS VELÁSQUEZ Y
Br. RENATO RENATO A. BALTA PERALES PERALES
El número de strouhal es la relación entre (L), el intervalo de vértices y (d) lado más ancho del obstáculo (shedder)
Fig. 26: Principio de Operación de Flujometro de Efecto Vortex Este método de medir la frecuencia de desprendimiento de los vórtices eliminan los clásicos problemas de obstrucción de vías, fallas mecánicas en las partes móviles y baja inmunidad a la vibración, restricción sobre la calidad del fluido, etc. El flujometro Vortex utiliza dos sensores piezoeléctricos que no entran en contacto con el fluido, estos sensores forman una sola unidad con el obstáculo (shedder) que se encuentra en su parte superior, la generación de los vórtices implica cambios de presión; estos cambios de presión generan momentos en el obstáculo(shedder), estos momentos generan comprensión y tracción en la sección transversal(shedder), éstas tensiones son detectadas por los elementos piezoeléctricos y convertidos en la señal eléctrica para luego ser transmitida a la electrónica donde se amplifica, filtra, regula y se calcula para obtener finalmente la señal de flujo o caudal volumétrico.
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Br. CARLOS A. VÁSQUEZ VÁSQUEZ VELÁS VELÁSQUEZ Y
Br. RENATO RENATO A. BALTA PERALES PERALES
2.1.6. Válvula Pinch Neumática Marca
:
RED VALVE
Modelo
:
TIPO TIPO A
Cantidad :
2
Características:
Compuesto de fundición de hierro con aleación de aluminio.
El cuerpo actúa como actuador integrado.
Solo el tubo flexible se encuentra en contacto con el medio.
Versatil Versatilidad idad del tubo tubo flexible para diversos requerimien requerimientos tos de flujos. flujos.
Diseño simple que no es afectado por ambiente externo.
La obstrucción es casi imposible porque no hay grietas, hendiduras o fisuras y la acción de flexión permite la acción de auto limpieza.
El impulso de la válvula se lleva a cabo con presión neumática o hidráulica sobre el tubo flexible.
Generalmente para trabajar a bajas presiones.
Idóneas en servicios de líquidos, lodos, partículas sólidas en suspensión, etc. Evita el contacto con los mecanismos de la válvula y cualquier tipo contaminación hacia o desde el exterior.
Evita problemas de sedimentación.
Protección: Nema 4x, IP65
Las válvulas pinch tienen la forma más simple y consecuentemente de menor costo de válvulas tipo diafragma de tubo, para aplicaciones industriales operan como resultado de la aplicación de presión neumática en la cámara que envuelve
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Br. CARLOS A. VÁSQUEZ VÁSQUEZ VELÁS VELÁSQUEZ Y
Br. RENATO RENATO A. BALTA PERALES PERALES
amplificador de señal (booster relay) que actúa con una señal enviada por un transmisor, ampliándolo y accionando la válvula. La válvula tipo pinch encuentra amplia aplicación prácticamente en cualquier campo industrial, particularmente en sistemas en que particulares características del fluido fluido transpo transportrtado ado com como son pulpa de minerales, inerales, polvos en suspensión suspensión en gases, también encuentran su aplicación en el manejo de líquidos con abrasivos en suspensión, pulpas de celulosa, pulpas de frutas, conservas, desagües industriales y sanitarios, en el manejo de polvos secos, etc. Debido a su bajo costo comparado al de las válvulas automatizadas comunes, atienden con ventaja los tipos de trabajo efectuados por éstas últimas.
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Br. CARLOS A. VÁSQUEZ VÁSQUEZ VELÁS VELÁSQUEZ Y
Presión de entrada 60psi
Presiones de trabajo
Protección
Br. RENATO RENATO A. BALTA PERALES PERALES
Nema 4, 4x Este instrumento, es de respuesta lineal para regular de acuerdo a la señal de control neumática el movimiento de la válvula de bola, trabaja con una señal de salida de 4 – 20 mA, es de simple manipulación y puesta en marcha, un instrumento estará instalado en la etapa de cianuración en el tanque de Cianuración # 1y otro en la etapa de repulado, en el holding tank cada uno controlados por el pH-metro.
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Br. CARLOS A. VÁSQUEZ VÁSQUEZ VELÁS VELÁSQUEZ Y
Presiones de trabajo
Protección:
Br. RENATO RENATO A. BALTA PERALES PERALES
Nema 4, 4x
Tabla. 1: Presión de trabajo de válvula de control neumática El pistón neumático trabaja en compañía de una electroválvula neumática, se compone componen n del conjunto servomo servomotor tor y que viene hacer hacer de dos posici posiciones ones y tres tres vías normalmente cerrado. Permitiendo el abre y cierre (on / off) del pistón neumático doble efecto, este equipo es el adecuado como para la automatización
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Br. CARLOS A. VÁSQUEZ VÁSQUEZ VELÁS VELÁSQUEZ Y
Br. RENATO RENATO A. BALTA PERALES PERALES
Fig. 30: Válvula Neumática Tipo Cuchilla
2.1.9. Electroválvulas Marca
:
BRAY BRA Y CONTROLS CONTROLS
Modelo
:
Serie 63
Cantidad :
4
Características:
Material Ma terial de construcción constru cción Parte Parte principal: Aluminio anodinado.
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Br. CARLOS A. VÁSQUEZ VÁSQUEZ VELÁS VELÁSQUEZ Y
Br. RENATO RENATO A. BALTA PERALES PERALES
en energía mecánica para actuar la válvula. Existen varios tipos de electroválvulas. En algunas electroválvulas el solenoide actúa directamente sobre la válvula proporcionando toda la energía necesaria para su movimiento. Es común que la válvula se mantenga cerrada por la acción de un muelle y que el solenoide la abra venciendo la fuerza del muelle. Esto quiere decir que el solenoide debe estar activado y consumiendo energía mientras la válvula deba estar abierta. También es posible el uso de electroválvulas biestables que usan un solenoide para abrir la válvula y otro para cerrar o bien un solo solenoide que abre con un impulso y cierra con el siguiente. Las electroválvulas pueden ser cerradas en reposo o normalmente cerradas lo cual quiere decir que cuando falla la alimentación eléctrica quedan cerradas o bien pueden ser del tipo abiertas en reposo o normalmente abiertas.
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Br. CARLOS A. VÁSQUEZ VÁSQUEZ VELÁS VELÁSQUEZ Y
Monitoreo en operación de motores
Detecta elementos calefactores abiertos.
Medición aislada de línea.
Indica pérdida de fase.
Entrada al sistema de control eléctrico
Monitoreo remoto de cargas eléctricas
Fácil montaje
Br. RENATO RENATO A. BALTA PERALES PERALES
Protección: Nema 4x, IP 65
Los modelos RSI son transductores de corriente alterna con el transformador de medición incorporado. El uso de transformadores de corriente de alta relación
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Br. CARLOS A. VÁSQUEZ VÁSQUEZ VELÁS VELÁSQUEZ Y
Br. RENATO RENATO A. BALTA PERALES PERALES
2.1.11. Variadores de Veloci Velocidad dad Marca Marc a
:
SIEMENS
Modelo
:
MICROMASTER MICROMASTER 440
Cantidad :
30 (variables)
Características:
Fácil de instalar, parametrizar y poner en servicio
Diseñado para motores monofásicos y trifásicos.
Tiempo de respuesta a señales de mando rápido y repetible
Configuración particularmente flexible gracias a la estructura modular.
Am Amplio lio número de parám rámetro tro que permit rmite e la config figurac ración ión de una gama extensa de aplicaciones. aplicaciones.
Conexión sencilla de cables
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Br. CARLOS A. VÁSQUEZ VÁSQUEZ VELÁS VELÁSQUEZ Y
Br. RENATO RENATO A. BALTA PERALES PERALES
las que se requiere una funcionalidad y una dinámica superiores a lo normal. Este convertidor se caracteriza particularmente por su funcionalidad adaptada a los deseos del cliente y su gran facilidad de aplicación. El gran margen de la tensión de alimentación de la red permite aplicarlo en todo el mundo. La selección selección del tipo tipo de variador variador MICROM MICROMAS ASTER TER 440 de SIEMEN SIEMENS S permite permite controlar los siguientes motores según sus características, utilizados en el proceso de retratamiento del relave:
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Br. CARLOS A. VÁSQUEZ VÁSQUEZ VELÁS VELÁSQUEZ Y
Br. RENATO RENATO A. BALTA PERALES PERALES
SELECCIÓN SELECCIÓN DEL VARIADOR VA RIADOR SEGÚN LAS LA S CARACTERISTICAS CARACTERISTICAS DE LOS L OS MOTORES N
Características De Motores
Cantidades
1
Motores de bomba bomba de agua:
3
Tipo De Variador Micromaste icromasterr 440 440 - C
HP: 2
HP: 5
KW: 1.5
KW: 4
Am Amp (pla (placca): 3
V(AC): 380 to 480
Am Amp (co (consumo): 2.6 V: 440
A(I A(IN N): 11.6
RPM: 1500, 60HZ
A(O A(OU UT): 10.2
2 Motores de zarandas, zarandas, lavador, faja faja alim alimentadora: HP: 3
5
Micromaster Micromaster 440 - CT HP: 7.5
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Br. CARLOS A. VÁSQUEZ VÁSQUEZ VELÁS VELÁSQUEZ Y
5 Motores de agitación:
7
HP: 40
Br. RENATO RENATO A. BALTA PERALES PERALES
Micromaster Micromaster 440 - CT HP: 60
KW: 30
KW: 45
A (pla (placca): 85,2 A (co (consumo): 60
V(AC): 380 to 480
V: 380/480
A(I A(IN N): 122.0
RPM: 3450, 60HZ
A(O A(OU UT): 90
6 Motores de bomba para descarga del espesador, holding tank y transferencia de pulpa del proceso de repulpado al de cianuración : HP: 60 KW: 45
3
Micromaste icromasterr 440 440 - C HP: 100 KW: 75 V(AC): 380 to 480
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Br. CARLOS A. VÁSQUEZ VÁSQUEZ VELÁS VELÁSQUEZ Y
Br. RENATO RENATO A. BALTA PERALES PERALES
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Br. CARLOS A. VÁSQUEZ VÁSQUEZ VELÁS VELÁSQUEZ Y
CARACTERISTICAS Modelo Alimentación
Br. RENATO RENATO A. BALTA PERALES PERALES
PLC QUANTUM 140CPU534-14 220 VAC
Coprocesador Math
SI
Velocidad Velocidad del reloj
66 MHz
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Br. CARLOS A. VÁSQUEZ VÁSQUEZ VELÁS VELÁSQUEZ Y
Batería Tipo Vida útil útil Vida en almacén Corriente Corriente de carga, títípica pica Corri Corrien ente te de carga, máxim Puertos Puertos de comunicación Modbus Modbus (RS-232)
Br. RENATO RENATO A. BALTA PERALES PERALES
3 V, de litio itio 1.200 mAH 10 años 14 mA 210 mA 2
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Br. CARLOS A. VÁSQUEZ VÁSQUEZ VELÁS VELÁSQUEZ Y
2.2.2.
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PLC Modicon M340 El segundo PLC a utilizar, Modicon M340 de la marca Schneider Electric será de utilidad para completar el diseño en general, a continuación algunas características. Constituidos por los siguientes módulos: 1) CPS-2000 CPS-2000
Modulo Power Supply
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The world’s largest digital library
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The world’s largest digital library
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The world’s largest digital library
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The world’s largest digital library
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The world’s largest digital library
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The world’s largest digital library
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The world’s largest digital library
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The world’s largest digital library
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The world’s largest digital library
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The world’s largest digital library
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The world’s largest digital library
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The world’s largest digital library
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The world’s largest digital library
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The world’s largest digital library
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The world’s largest digital library
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The world’s largest digital library
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The world’s largest digital library
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The world’s largest digital library
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The world’s largest digital library
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The world’s largest digital library
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The world’s largest digital library
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The world’s largest digital library
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The world’s largest digital library
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The world’s largest digital library
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The world’s largest digital library
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The world’s largest digital library
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The world’s largest digital library
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The world’s largest digital library
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The world’s largest digital library
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The world’s largest digital library
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The world’s largest digital library
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The world’s largest digital library
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The world’s largest digital library
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The world’s largest digital library
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The world’s largest digital library
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