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TITLE: T1: TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT AND CALIBRATION.
THEORY:
The response of a temperature sensitive device to a step change in temperature varies according to the type of the device. Sheathing around the sensor can also affect the response, as both of the sensor and the sheath must reach thermal equilibrium with the object of interest before meaningful measurements of temperature can be made. The accuracy of a reading will be affected if the sensor has not had sufficient time to achieve thermal equilibrium with the object of interest: the output signal from the sensor will be unsteady.
OBJECTIVE:
To investigate the response of temperature sensing devices to sudden changes in temperature.
APPARATUS:
1. Temperature measurement and calibration unit.
PROCEDURE:
1. The heater and stirrer is switched on. The heater power is increased to maximum. 2. The heater is switched off when the reference thermometer indicates a value significantly higher than the temperature in the water bath where the sensor under investigation is placed. 3. The reading for the sensor under investigation is taken. The temperature indicated by the PT100 reference thermometer inside the water bath, T1 is noted.
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4. The sensor carrier from the water bath to the insulated flask is quickly transferred. 5. The sensor reading is recorded at a consistent time interval. Stop recording when the sensor reading has stabilized. 6. The temperature reading shown by the PT100 reference thermometer inside the insulated flask, T2 is recorded.
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RESULTS
Table 1: Table of the time taken and the temperature for T1. ◦
Time (s)
Temperature ( C)
0
0.94
5
1.46
10
10.02
15
33.77
20
48.20
25
57.49
30
63.55
35
67.51
40
69.92
45
71.62
50
72.69
55
73.15
60
73.53
65
73.65
70
73.80
75
73.81
80
73.87
85
73.96
90
73.97
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Table 2: Table of the time taken and the temperature for T2. ◦
Time (s)
Temperature ( C)
0
0.64
5
0.89
10
11.79
15
34.66
20
46.89
25
56.97
30
61.94
35
66.08
40
68.62
45
69.79
50
70.68
55
71.21
60
71.58
65
71.71
70
71.87
75
71.90
80
71.95
85
72.02
90
72.02
95
71.98
100
72.04
105
72.02
110
72.02
115
71.95
120
71.95
4
Graph of time taken against the temperature for T1. 100 90
y = 0.7583x + 23.083
80 70 ) 60 s ( e 50 m i T 40
30 20 10 0 0
20
40
60
80
100
Temperature ( C) ◦
Graph 1: Graph of time taken against the temperature for T1.
Graph of time taken against the temperature for T2 100 90 80 70 ) s 60 ( e 50 m i T 40 30 20 10 0
y = 0.4608x + 32.162
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Temperature ( C) ◦
Graph 2: Graph of time taken against the temperature for T2.
5
140
DISCUSSIONS:
1. Based from the tables recorded and the graphs plotted, it shows that the temperature sensor 2, T2 is more sensitive than the temperature sensor 1, T1. This is because, as we can see from the graphs plotted below, the value of slope in graph 2 is lower than the value of slope in graph 1. The lower the value of slope, the higher the sensitivity of the temperature sensor. Therefore, temperature sensor T2 is more accurate than temperature sensor T1.
2. a.
Dennis Yii anak Keding (44904) i.
Ensure that the right cable is plugged in for sensor 1 and 2.
ii.
Make sure that the temperature of water bath is just above ◦
60 C when the reading is taken. b.
Hillary Assan anak Liam (42124) i.
Always turn on the stirrer so that both of the sensor and the sheath reach thermal equilibrium.
ii.
Make sure the sensor has sufficient time to achieve thermal equilibrium to ensure the accuracy of the reading.
c.
Mohammad Iskandar Zulkarnain b. Roslan (42188) i.
Make sure the ice and the water does not contain too much impurities, as impurities can affect the temperature achieved in the end, which will cause errors in data reading.
ii.
The ice and water container in the experiment should have insulator, to minimise heat loss to the surrounding.
d.
Phillip Mapang anak Angking (43732)
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i.
Close the water path to make sure the heat from outside (surrounding) would not distract the temperature inside the water bath.
ii.
Using the maximum power of the stirrer so the heat can be stabilized quickly.
e.
Terence Empurai anak Andap (44422) i.
Immediately place the temperature sensor onto the heater for more accurate reading.
ii.
Use two stopwatches and record video to take the reading of the changes in temperature to make comparison.
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CONCLUSION
From the experiment, it shows that the temperature sensor 2, T2 is more sensitive and therefore more accurate than the temperature sensor 1, T1. In order to determine the higher sensitivity of the sensor, the slope of the graph should be lower.
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REFERENCES
1. Cengel, Y.A., Boles, M. A. (2011). Thermodynamics: An Engineering Approach (Seventh Edition in SI Units). New York, NY: McGraw Hill. 2. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperature_measurement 3. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rule_of_thumb 4. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calibration
