Techni calI nt er vi ew Quest i onsf or I nst r ument at i onEngi neer i ng
1.Forwhatpur posePi r anigaugei sused?
Ans.Low pressuremeasurement . 2.Psist andsf or_ ___?
Ans.Poundspersquarei nch. 3.Low pr essur ei sexpr essedi n__ __ __ __ ?
Ans.Torr . 4.Whati st hedi sadvant ageofori ficeme m et er& whyt heyar epr ef er r edi n t hei ndust ri es?
Ans.I tgi vesapermanentpressurel ossbutduet ot hei rl ow costt heyare pref erredi nt hei ndust ri es. 5.Bol omet eri susedas__ __ __ __ ?
Ans.Radi at i ondet ect or . 6.St r oboscopei susedf ort heme measur eme mentof ___ _?
Ans.Angul arvel oci t y. 7.El ect r oma m agnet i cflow met eri snotsui t abl ef orwhi chki ndofflui ds?
Ans.Nonconduct i veflui ds. 8.Whati smeas ureme ment?
Ans.I ti sanactofcompari sonbet weent heunknownquant i t yandt he st andardresul t i ngi nknowi wi ngt hema magni t udeoft heunknownquant i t yi n t ermsoft hest andardbei ngusedf ort hepurposeofcomp mpari son. 9.Whati sani nst r ument ?
Ans.I tf aci l i t at est hi sprocessofcompari son.
10.Whati st hedi ffer encebet weenaccur acy& preci si on?
Ans.Accuracy:i ti st hedegreeofcl osenesswi t hwhi chani nst rument at i on readi ngapproachest othet rueval ueoft hequant i t ybei ngme measured. Preci si on:i ti sameasureofreproduci bi l i t y. 11.Whati sanemb mbeddedsyst em? m?
Ans.Ami crocont rol l erbasedsyst em desi gnedf oraspeci fict ask. 12.Whatar et hevari ouscr i t eri aofchoosi ngofmi crocont r ol l er?
Ans.memory,powerconsumpt i on,packagi ng,mar ketavai l abi l i t y,speedof operation. 13.Hbri dgei susedf or ?
Ans.Forbi di rect i onalcont rolofDC mot or . 14.Damp mpi ngme mechani sm usedi nPM MM MC i s_____?
Ans.Eddycurrentdampi ng. 15.Whatar et heothername meofmul t i pl exeranddemu m ul t i pl exer ?
Ans.Mul t i pl exer:Dat asel ect or Demu mul t i pl exer:Dat aDi st ri but er 16.Whati sr i ngcount er ?
Ans.Count erbasedonregi st er . 17.Whati st hedi ffer encebet weenRACE condi t i onandRACE Ar ound condi t i on?
Ans.RACEcondi t i onoccursi nSRFFandRACEAroundcondi t i onoccursi n JKFF. 18.Whati st hedi ffer encebet weenLatchandfli fli pflop?
Ans.Lat chwi t hcl ockpul sesi scal l edasfli pflop. 19.Whati saworl dwi dest andar dof1vol t ?
Ans.Sat urat edWest oncel lwi t hE=1. 01864vol t s.
10.Whati st hedi ffer encebet weenaccur acy& preci si on?
Ans.Accuracy:i ti st hedegreeofcl osenesswi t hwhi chani nst rument at i on readi ngapproachest othet rueval ueoft hequant i t ybei ngme measured. Preci si on:i ti sameasureofreproduci bi l i t y. 11.Whati sanemb mbeddedsyst em? m?
Ans.Ami crocont rol l erbasedsyst em desi gnedf oraspeci fict ask. 12.Whatar et hevari ouscr i t eri aofchoosi ngofmi crocont r ol l er?
Ans.memory,powerconsumpt i on,packagi ng,mar ketavai l abi l i t y,speedof operation. 13.Hbri dgei susedf or ?
Ans.Forbi di rect i onalcont rolofDC mot or . 14.Damp mpi ngme mechani sm usedi nPM MM MC i s_____?
Ans.Eddycurrentdampi ng. 15.Whatar et heothername meofmul t i pl exeranddemu m ul t i pl exer ?
Ans.Mul t i pl exer:Dat asel ect or Demu mul t i pl exer:Dat aDi st ri but er 16.Whati sr i ngcount er ?
Ans.Count erbasedonregi st er . 17.Whati st hedi ffer encebet weenRACE condi t i onandRACE Ar ound condi t i on?
Ans.RACEcondi t i onoccursi nSRFFandRACEAroundcondi t i onoccursi n JKFF. 18.Whati st hedi ffer encebet weenLatchandfli fli pflop?
Ans.Lat chwi t hcl ockpul sesi scal l edasfli pflop. 19.Whati saworl dwi dest andar dof1vol t ?
Ans.Sat urat edWest oncel lwi t hE=1. 01864vol t s.
20.Whydamp mpi ngt orquei sr equi r edi nani ndi cat i ngt ypeofi nst r ument ?
Ans.Tosuppresst heosci l l at i onsoft hepoi nt eratst eadyst at eposi t i on. 21.Thema mater i alusedi nt hef abr i cat i onofcont r olspr i ngi nan i ndi cat i ng t ypeofi nst r umenti s_ __ _?
Ans.PhosphorBronze. 22.Rootl ocusme met hod i sbestsui t abl ef orfindi ngoutwhi chki ndof st abi l i t yofasyst em m? ?
Ans.Rel at i vest abi l i t y. 23.Leadcompensat ori susedf ori mpr ovi ng__ _ __ __?
Ans.Transi entresponseoft hesyst em. 24.Lagcompensat ori susedf ori mpr ovi ng__ ____ __ _?
Ans.St eadyst at eresponse. 25.I Cf ami mi l ywh whi chshows wsl owe westpowe werdi ss i pat i on__ __ __ __ _?
Ans.CMOS( 0. 01mw/gat e) . 26.Whati sFOM ofI Cf ami mi l y?
Ans.Speedpowerproducti sknownast heFi gureofMeri t( FOM)ofeveryI C f ami mi l yandi tshoul dbemi mi n. 27.ADC usedi nDi gi t alVol t met eri s__ __ __ _?
Ans.Dualsl ope( duet oi t sgoodconversi onaccuracyandl ow cost ) . 28.Whati sStat i c1Hazar d?
Ans.I fout putofal ogi cci rcui tshoul dremai nconst antatHi ghVol t agel evel( 1) buti tgoesl ow t henwesayst at i c1hazardexi st . 29.I nordert omakea4bi tpar al l eladdermi mi ni mum ci r cui t r yr equi r ed i s _ _ _ _ _ _ ?
Ans.Onehal fadderandt hreef ul ladder .
30.I fa10kHzf r equencysi gnali sappl i edt oaTFFt hen whatwi l lbethe f r equencyofout puts i gnal ?
Ans.5kHz. 31.I nRLC ser i esci r cui ti mpedanceatr esonancei s_ __ __ __ ?
Ans.Mi ni mum. 32.Thedevi cewh whi ch i sbestsui t abl ef ort hepur poseofi sol ati onofl ow vol t ageci r cui tf r om hi ghvol t ageci r cui ti s______?
Ans.Opt ocoupl er . 33.Ener gyme m et eratourhome m ei sanexampl eof__ __ ___ __ _ _t ypeof i nst r ument ?
Ans.I nt egrat i ng. 34.Whynul lt ypei nst r ument sar emo mor eaccur at e?
Ans.Si nceatt heendofmeasurementt heyconsumeal mostnegl i gi bl epower . 35.Whati st hebasi sofKCL?
Ans.Law ofconservat i onofcharges. 36.Whysi l i coni susedi nt hef abr i cati onofZenerdi ode?
Ans.Veryl ow reversesat urat i onCurrent( nA) . 37.Ot hername meofAct i vet r ansducer ?
Ans.Sel fgenerat i ngt ypeoft ransducers. 38.Whatdevi ceyour equi r edf ort hepur poseofi nt erf aci ngof mi cr ocont r ol l erwi t haDC mot or?
Ans.Rel ay. 39.Whati st her angeofLVDT?
Ans.1. 25mm t o250mm. mm. 40.Whati st hef r equencyrangeofAC suppl ythatcan beappl i edto LVDT?
Ans.50Hzt o20kHz. 41.Out puti mpedancerangeofapr act i calOPAMPi s_ _____? Ans.10ῼ t o100ῼ. 42.Fouri erseri escan bewri t t en onl yf or___ __ ___si gnal s?
Ans.Peri odi csi snal s. 43.Semi conduct orsusedf ort hef abri cat i on ofLED comeundert he cat egoryof __ ___ _?
Ans.Di rectBandGapsemi conduct ors. 44.Sol arcel l sar emadebyusi ng__ __ _?
Ans.CdS,Ni Cd 45.Dopi ngl evelofazenerdi odei s_ __ __ _?
Ans.1:105. 46.Whati sbaudr at e?
Ans.No.ofbi tchanges( 1t o0or0t o1)persecond. 47.Resetaddr essofst ackpoi nt eri nmi crocont r ol l er8051i s_ __ __ ?
Ans.07H. 48.Hotwi r eanemomet eri susedf ort hemeasurementof________?
Ans.Fl ow measuri ngdevi ce. 49.I ndi cati ngi nst r umentshows_ __ __ __ __ _val ueoft hequant i t ybei ng measur ed?
Ans.I nst ant aneousval ue. 50.Anexampl eofabsol ut etypeofi nst r umenti s_ __ __ __ __ __ ?
Ans.Tangentgal vanomet er . 51.Whati sai rcor ei nduct ance?
Thei nduct ancet hatwoul dbemeasuredi ft hecorehaduni t ypermeabi l i t yand t hefluxdi st ri but i onremai nedunal t ered.( Ameasureoft hei nduct anceofacoi l wi t houtacore) . 52.DefineHumi di t y.
I ti sbasi cal l ymoi st urecont enti nai rori ti sthequant i t yofwat ervapour ret ai nedbygas. 53.DefineHygr omet er .
Usedt omeasuret hemoi st urecont enti nai r .I tal sousedt omeasurehumi di t y. 54.Whati st hebasi cpr i nci pl eofHygromet er .
I tconsi stofmechani caldevi cemeasuri ngt hedi mensi onchangeofhumi di t y sensi t i vemat eri al sl i keani malhai r ,ani malmembrane,paperet c. 55.DefineMoi st ure.
Definedastheamountofwat erabsorbedbysol i dsorl i qui ds. 56.Whati sPsychr omet er ?
Psychromet eri sadevi cet hatusest hebul bt hermomet er st omeasure humi di t y.I ti sal sousedi nai rcondi t i oni ngsyst emsf ormai nt ai ni nghumi di t y. 57.Whati sAmbi entTemper at ure?
Theaverageormeant emperat ureoft hesurroundi ngai rwhi chcomesi n cont actwi t ht heequi pmentandi nst rument sundert est . 58.DefineBoi l i ngPoi nt
Thet emperat ureatwhi chasubst ancei nt hel i qui dphaset ransf ormst ot he gaseousphase;commonl yref erst otheboi l i ngpoi ntofwat erwhi chi s100° C. 59.Whati sMaxi mum Oper at i ngTemper at ure?
Themaxi mum t emperat ureatwhi chani nst rumentcanbesaf el yoperat ed. 60.Whati sMeanTemper at ure?
Theaverageoft hemaxi mum andmi ni mum t emperat ureofaprocess equi l i bri um.
61.Whati sNegat i veTemperat ur eCoeffi ci ent ?
Adecreasei nresi st ancewi t hani ncreasei nt emperat ure. 62.Whati st hepur poseofat r ansi st or ?
At ransi st ori sasemi conduct ordevi cewhi chi scommonl yusedt oampl i f yor swi t chel ectroni csi gnal s.At ransi st ori smadeofasol i dpi eceofa semi conduct ormat eri al ,wi t hatl eastt hreet ermi nal sf orconnect i ont oan ext ernalci rcui t .I ti susedasaswi t chorasi gnalampl i fieri naci rcui t . 63.How wi l lyoucal cul at et hespeedofani nduct i on mot orwi t houtusi ng t achomet er ?
Speed=synchspeed{ ( sl i p*synchspeed) /100} 64.I nat r ansi st orwhen basewi dt hdecr easeswi t hi ncreasi ngcol l ect ort o basevol t age,t hi sphenomenoni scal l ed…………….
Earl yEffect . 65.Thei nt er nali mpedenceofani dealcurr entsour cei s…………….
Zero. Q. 66Thecondi t i onf orreci proci t yofat woportnet worki s………… Theanswer i sAD -BC =1 Q. 67Thebri dgeusedf ormeasurementofi nduct ancei s……………. . AndersonBri dge Q. 68Thet ypeoft ransmi ssi onusedf orsoundi nTVt ransmi ssi oni s…………. . Q. 69Whati sGPS?How doesi twor k? AnswerGPS,orGl obalPosi t i oni ngSyst em,i sasat el l i t ebasednavi gat i on syst em.GPSworksvi aasyst em ofsatel l i t esandrecei vi ngdevi cesusedt o comput eposi t i onsont heEart h.Thebasi sofGPSi s" t ri angul ati on"f rom sat el l i t es.To" t ri angul at e, "aGPSrecei vermeasuresdi st anceusi ngthet ravel t i meofradi osi gnal s.Tomeasuret ravelt i me,GPSneedsveryaccuratet i mi ng whi chi tachi eveswi t hsomet ri cks.Al ongwi t hdi st ance,youneedt oknow exact l ywherethesat el l i t esarei nspace.Hi ghorbi t sandcaref ulmoni t ori ngare
t hesecret .Fi nal l yyoumustcorrectf oranydel ayst hesi gnalexperi encesasi t t ravel st hrought heat mospher e. Q. 70Whati sanadvant ageandadi sadvant ageofusi ngsonar?( i ncompari son t oot hersensors) AnswerSonarasusedi nrobot s,t ypi cal l yconsi st sofsendi ngoutapul seof soundandl i st eni ngf ort heecho.Bycal cul at i ngthet i mef rom t hei ni t i alpul se t other et urnecho,andknowi ngt hespeedofsound,i tbecomespossi bl et o cal cul at et hedi st ancet othet argetobj ect .Vari ant sonsonari ncl udechangi ng t hef requencyoft hesoundwavegenerat ed,andusi ngpsuedorandom pul se sequencesandl ooki ngf ort her anget hatgi vest hemaxi mum l i kel i hood response.Advant agesofsonar:Rel at i vel ysi mpl esensor ,sol ow costwi t heasy el ect roni csAnact i vesensort hatgi vesranget onearestsurf aceVerygood underwat er ,wher enearl yeveryothersensori snotgoodDi sadvant ages: Di st anceest i mat escanvaryal otandbequi t enoi syf oranumberofreasons Speedofsoundvari esasaf unct i onofai rpressureandt emperature.Abi l i t yof soundt ot raveli sal soaf unct i onofai rhumi di t y.Reflect i onst rengthdepends upont hepropert i esoft hesurf aceandt hei nci denceangl e.Mul t i pl ereflect i ons arepossi bl e.Cross-t al kbet weenmul t i pl esensorsi ssomet i mesaprobl em ( t hey hearoneanot her) Q. 71Whent hedi st ancebet weent wochargesi sdoubl ed,t hef orcebet ween t hem wi l lbeequalt oOneFourt h Q. 72Whati si mpedance? Theopposi t i ont ot heflow ofcurrenti nanAC ci rcui t Q. 73Whati sr eact ance? Opposi t i ont ot heflow ofal t ernati ngcurrentcausedbycapaci t anceor i nduct ance Q. 74Whathappenswhent hei mpedanceofanel ect ri call oadi sequalt othe i nt ernali mpedanceoft hepowersource? Thesourcecandel i vermaxi mum powert ot hel oad Q. 75I nordert ohavet hei mpul ser esponseofacont rolsyst em apporachi ng zer owi t ht het i met endi ngt oi nfini t y
Thepol esoft hesyst em mustl i eont heL. H. Soft heSpl ane Q. 76whati sanact uat or? Adevi cet hatcreat esaut omat i cmot i onbyconvert i ngvari ousf ormsofenergyt o rot aryorl i nearmechani calenergy.I t sadevi cetoconvertanel ectri calcont rol si gnalt oaphysi calact i on. Q. 77How DoesaBat t er yWor k?andHow doesabatt erycharge? Bat t eryhasgott wol eads, oneposi t i veandot hernegat i ve. El ect ronsgat herat t henegat i vet ermi naloft hebat t eryandi fyouconnectawi reacrossnegat i vet o posi t i ve, t hent heel ect ronsf rom negat i veendwi l lqui ckl yflow t hrought hewi re t otheposi t i vet ermi nal . Normal l yyouwi l lhaveal oadconnect edi nt hewi re whi chreducest heflow ofel ect ronsl i keabul bormot or . I nsi dethebat t eryi t sel f ,achemi calreact i onproducest heel ect rons.Thespeed ofel ect ronproduct i onbythi schemi calreact i on( t hebat t ery' si nt ernal resi st ance)cont rol show manyel ect ronscanflow bet weent het ermi nal s. El ect ronsflow f rom t hebatt eryi nt oawi re,andmustt ravelf rom t henegati vet o t heposi t i vet ermi nalf ort hechemi calreacti ont otakepl ace. Q. 78Expl ai nproport i onalcont rol l erwi t hadvant agesanddi sadvant ages. Q. 79Expl ai ni nt egralcont rol l erwi t hadvant agesanddi sadvant ages. Q. 80Expl ai ndi fferent i alcont rol l erwi t hadvant ageanddi sadvant ages. Q. 81Expl ai nal lt hecomposi t emodecont rol l erswi t hadvant agesand disadvantages. Q82Whati sdi ffer encebet weenci rcui tandnet work? Q83Whati sdi ffer encebet weennet workanal ysi sandsynt hesi s? Q84Whywest udysuperposi t i ont heor em? Q. 85Whataret het echni quesusedf orel ect ri calnet worksynt hesi s. Q. 86semi conduct ormat eri al shave________________t emper at urecoffici ent
Ans.negat i ve Q. 87TheHal leffectvol t agei ni nt ri nsi csi l i con Ans.i snegat i ve Q88Theeffectofdopi ngi nt ri nsi csemi conduct ori st o Ans.movet heFermil evelawayf rom t hecent reoft hef orbi ddenband Q. 89Thef unct i onoft hesaf et yresi st ori nohm met eri st o Ans.l i mi tt hecurrenti nt hecoi l Q. 90. Whi cht ransducerconvert sheatenergyi nt oel ect ri calenergy Ans.t hermocoupl e Q. 91I nCRTt hef ocusi nganodei sl ocat ed Ans.bet weenpreaccel erat i ngandaccel erat i nganodes Q. 92Aquadagi susedi nCRO t ocol l ect Ans.Bot hpri maryandsecondaryel ect rons Q. 93Adevi cet hatchangesonef orm ofener gyt oanot heri scal l ed Ans. t ransducer Q. 94Theel ect ri cdevi cewhi chbl ocksDC butal l owsAC i scal l ed: Ans.capaci t ance Q. 95Whi choft hef ol l owi ngel ect ri calequi pmentcannotconvertaci nt odc Ans.rect i fier Q. 96t urnonandt urnofft i mesoft ransi st ordependson Ans.j unct i oncapaci t ances Q. 97t hesurf acedarkcurrentofaphot odet ect ordependson Anssurf acedef ect s. Q. 98asol arcel li sadevi cewhi chuses Ansphot ovol t ai ceffect .
Q99GaAsl ed’ semi tradi ati oni nt he Ansi nf raredregi on Q. 100t hewavel engt hofemi t t edl i ghti nl eddependson Ans.energygapoft hemat eri al Q. 101t hei nputGat ecurrentofFETi soft heorderof Ans.Negl i gi bl e Q. 102t hedrai nsourcevol t ageatwhi chdrai ncurrentbecomesconst anti s called Ans.pi nchoffvol t age Q. 103FET’ Sarebasi cal l y Ans.vol t agecont rol l eddevi ces. Q. 104t hemai ncurr entcrossi ngt hecol l ect orj unct i oni nanormal l ybi ased npnt ransi srori s Ans.dri f tcurrent . Q. 105whi chmat eri alhasthehal lcoeffici entaszer o Ans.i nsul at or Q. 106reversesat urati oncurrenti nt hegermani um di odei soft heorderof Ans.1mi croampere Q. 107aval anchebreakdowndependsonthephenomenonof Ans.col l i si on Q. 108zenerdi odedependsonthephenomenonof Ans.hi ghi nt ensi t yel ect ri cfiel d Q. 109i ft hechargeconcent rat i onvari esgradual l ywi t ht hedi st ancei n t ransi t i onregi on,t hej unct i oni ssai dt obe Ans.l i nearl ygradedj unct i on
Q. 110Transf ormercor earel ami nat edf orwhatpurpose? Ans:Reduceeddycurrentl osses Q. 111Dampi ngt or queusedi nener gymet eri sproducedduet o Ans:eddycurrent s Q. 112Hi ghf requencyt ransf ormercor ei smadeupof Ans:Ferri t e Q. 113Therat i oofvol t ageandel ectri ccurr enti nacl osedci rcui t Ans:remai nsconst ant Q. 114Theresi st anceofawi revari esi nversel yas Ans:areaofcrosssect i on Q. 115Whi chmat eri ali susedf ormaket he’ swampi ng’resi st ancet hati s connect edi nseri eswi t ht heworki ngcoi lofavol t met er? Ans:Mangani n Q. 116TheFrequencyi smeasuredby_________bri dge? Ans:wi ensbri dge Q. 117Haysbri dgei susedt omeasure___________andScheri ngbri dgei sused t omeasure____________ Ans:I nduct ance,Capaci t ance Q. 118Whensi newavei sgi venasi nputt oSchmi t tt ri ggert heni t sgenerat es Ans:Squarewave Q. 119I nmi croprocessort henexti nst ruct i ont obeexecut edi sst oredi n Ans:Program Count er Q. 120Whent hebot hj unct i onofNPN di odei sr eversebi ased,t hent hedi odei s i nwhi chmode Ans.Cutoff. Q. 121How manyfli pflopsar er equi redt oconst ructMod12count er Ans:4
Q. 122whi chl ogi cgat ehastheout puti scompl i mentofi t si nput Ans:NOT Q. 123byaddi ngi nvert er st ot hei nput sandout putofaAND gat ewecan obt ai n…………… Ans:XOR Q. 124How manyNAND gat esareneededt or eal i zeORgat e…… Answer3 Q. 125Whi chl ogi cgat ehasout puthi ghi fandonl yi fal li nput sarel ow ? Ans:NAND Q. 126i ft heout putoft hegat ei sal wayshi ght hent hegat esappl i edt othi s l ogi care0, 0 Ans:NAND andEXNOR Q. 127ThermalRunawayi snotpossi bl ei nFETbecauseoft het heflow of Ans:mi nori t ycarri ers. Q. 128HowmanyNAND gat esrequi redt oi mpl ementAB+CD+EF Ans:4 Q. 129Transparentl at chi sseeni nwhi cht ypeoffli pflop Ans:D FF Q. 130Whi cht ypeofADC i sf ast est ? Ans:Fl ash/Paral l el Q. 131Whi choneoft hef ol l owi ngi sf ast estread/wri t abl ememory? Ans:Fl ash Q. 132out putresi st anceofi dealOPAMPi s ANS:0
Q. 133Si ,Gel i ei n. . . . . . . . bl ockofperi odi ctabl e Ans:I VA 134.Effici encyofhal fwaverect i fier Ans:45%
1.semi conduct ormat eri al shave________________t emper aturecoffici ent Ans.Negat i ve 2.TheHal leffectvol t agei ni nt ri nsi csi l i con Ans.i snegat i ve 3.t heeffectofdopi ngi nt ri nsi csemi conduct ori st o Ans.Movet heFermil evelawayf rom t hecent eroft hef orbi ddenband 4.bet aofat ransi st orcanexceedt heval ue Ans.1 5.currentflow i nasemi conduct ordependsonthephenomenaof Ans.Dri f t ,di ffusi on,recombi nat i on 6.I nmeasurement smadeusi ngaQ met er ,hi ghi mpedanceel ementsshoul d pref erabl ybeconnect edi n Ans.Seri es 8.Thedi el ect ri cl ossofacapaci t ancecanbemeasuredby Ans.Scheri ngBri dge 9Thef unct i onoft hesaf et yresi st ori nohm met eri st o Ans.l i mi tt hecurrenti nt hecoi l 10.Whi cht ransducerconvert sheatenergyi nt oel ect ri calenergy? Ans.Thermocoupl e 11.I nCRTt hef ocusi nganodei sl ocated Ans.bet weenpreaccel erat i ngandaccel erat i nganodes
12Ther mocoupl esare Ans.act i vet ransducers 13)Aquadagi susedi nCRO t ocol l ect Ans.Bot hpri maryandsecondaryel ect rons 14)Adevi cet hatchangesonef orm ofenergyt oanot heri scal l ed Ans. t ransducer 15)Theel ect ri cdevi cewhi chbl ocksDC butal l owsAC i scal l ed: Ans.Capaci t ance 16)Whi choft hef ol l owi ngel ect ri calequi pmentcannotconvertaci nt oDC? Ans.Rect i fier 17)Turnonandt urnofft i mesoft ransi st ordependson Ans.Junct i oncapaci t ances 18TRI AC cannotbeusedi n Ans.Sol i dst at et ypeofswi t ch. 19)At hyri st orcont rol l edreact ori susedt oget Ansi mprovedreact i vepowerf act or 20)TRI AC cannotbeusedi nAC vol t ageregul at orf ora Ansi nduct i vel oad 21)Thesurf acedarkcurrentofaphot odet ect ordependson Anssurf acedef ect s. 22)Asol arcel li sadevi cewhi chuses Ans.Phot oVol t ai cEffect . 23)GaAsLEDsemi tradi at i oni nt he Ans.i nf raredregi on
24)Thewavel engthofemi t t edl i ghti nl eddependson Ans.Energygapoft hemat eri al 25)Thei nputGat ecurrentofFETi soft heorderof Ans.Negl i gi bl e 26)Thedrai nsourcevol t ageatwhi chdrai ncurr entbecomesconst anti scal l ed Ans.Pi nchoffvol t age 27)FET’ Sarebasi cal l y Ans.Vol t agecont rol l eddevi ces. 28)t hemai ncurr entcrossi ngt hecol l ect orj unct i oni nanormal l ybi asednpn t ransi stori s Ans.Dri f tcurrent . 29)Ear l yeffecti nbj tref erst o Ans.Basenarrowi ng 30)NaCli sexampl eof? Ans.i oni csol i d 31)Whi chmat eri al sdonothaveacoval entbond? Ans.Met al 32) i ni nt ri nsi csemi conduct or ,no.ofel ectronsi sequalt ono.ofhol esatwhi ch t emper at ure Ans.0kel vi ns 33)Donori mpuri t yf orsi l i coni s Ans.Arseni c 34)Themeanf reepat hf orel ect rondri f ti ncreaseswi t h Ans.Puri t y 35)Whi chmat eri alhasthehal lcoeffici entaszer o Ans.I nsul at or
36)I naPN j unct i onwi t houtbi asi ngt hepsi dei s Ans.Negat i vel ycharged 37)Reversesat urat i oncurrenti nt hegermani um di odei soft heorderof Ans.1mi croampere 38)aval anchebreakdowndependsonthephenomenonof Ans.Col l i si on 39)Zenerdi odedependsonthephenomenonof Ans.Hi ghi nt ensi t yel ect ri cfiel d 40)I ft hechargeconcent rat i onvari esgradual l ywi t ht hedi st ancei nt ransi t i on regi on,t hej unct i oni ssai dt obe Ans.Li near l ygradedj unct i on.
Q. 1nt ypesi l i coni sobt ai nedby ( A)Dopi ngwi t ht et raval entel ement ( B)Dopi ngwi t hpent aval entel ement ( C)Dopi ngwi t ht ri val entel ement ( D)Dopi ngwi t hami xt ureoft ri val entandt et raval entel ement Q. 2Thef orwardcharact eri st i cofadi odehasasl opeofapproxi mat el y50mA/V atadesi redpoi nt .Theapproxi matei ncrement alresi st anceoft hedi odei s ( A)50Ω ( B)35Ω ( C)20Ω ( D)10Ω Q. 3Twost agesofBJTampl i fier sarecascadedbyRC coupl i ng.Thevol t agegai n oft hefirstst agei s10andt hatoft hesecondst agei s20.Theoveral lgai noft he coupl edampl i fieri s ( A)10x20( B)10+20 ( C)( 10+20) 2( D)( 10x20) /2 Q. 4I nt hevol t agerange,Vp
( B)Thedrai ncurr enti sconst ant . ( C)Thedrai ncurrentvari esnonl i nearl ywi t hVDS. ( D)Thedrai ncurr enti scutoff. Q. 5I navol t ageshuntnegati vef eedbackampl i fiersyst em,t hei nputresi st ance Riandt heout putresi st anceRooft hebasi campl i fieraremodi fiedasf ol l ows: ( A)Rii sdecr easedandRoi ncreased. ( B)Bot hRiandRoaredecr eased. ( C)Bot hRiandRoarei ncreased ( D)Rii si ncreasedandRoi sdecreased. Q. 6Theuseofcryst ali nat unabl eosci l l at or ( A)I mprovesf requencystabi l i t y. ( B)I ncreasesthegai noft heosci l l at or . ( C)Hel pst oobt ai nopt i mum out puti mpedance. ( D)Faci l i t at esgenerati onofwi derangeoff requenci es. Q. 7Thel argesi gnalbandwi dt hofanopampi sl i mi t edbyi t s ( A)Loopgai n( B)sl ew rat e ( C)out puti mpedance( D)i nputf requency Q. 8Rect i ficat i oneffici encyofaf ul lwaverect i fierwi t houtfil t eri snearl yequal t o ( A)51% ( B)61% ( C)71% ( D)81% Q. 9Whent het emper at ureofadopedsemi conduct ori si ncr eased,i t s conduct i vi t y ( A)decreases. ( B)i ncreases. ( C)doesnotchange. ( D)i ncreasesordecreasesdependi ngonwhet heri ti sp-ornt ype. Q. 10Themai ncharact eri st i csofaDarl i ngt onAmpl i fierare ( A)Hi ghi nputi mpedance,hi ghout puti mpedanceandhi ghcurrentgai n. ( B)Low i nputi mpedance,l ow out puti mpedanceandl ow vol t agegai n. ( C)Hi ghi nputi mpedance,l ow out puti mpedanceandhi ghcurrentgai n.
( D)Low i nputi mpedance,l ow out puti mpedanceandhi ghcurrentgai n. Q. 11Thet ransconduct ance,gm,ofaJFETi scomput edatconst antVDS,by t hef ol l owi ng: ( A)∆I D /∆VGS ( B)∆VGS/∆I D ( C)∆VGS×∆I D ( D)∆I D /( ∆VGS+∆I DS) Q. 12Thef eedbackf act orβatt hef requencyofosci l l at i onofaWi enbri dge osci l l atori s ( A)3 ( B)1/3 ( C)1/29 ( D)–( 3/29) Q. 13I nanampl i fierwi t hnegat i vef eedback,t hebandwi dt hi s ( A)i ncreasedbyaf act orofβ ( B)decreasedbyaf act orofβ ( C)i ncreasedbyaf act orof( 1+Aβ) ( D)notaffect edatal lbyt hef eedbackwher eA=gai noft hebasi campl i fierand β=f eedbackf act or Q. 14The‘ sl ew rat e’ofanoperat i onalampl i fieri ndi cat es ( A)how f asti t sout putcurr entcanchange ( B)how f asti t sout puti mpedancecanchange ( C)how f asti t sout putpowercanchange ( D)how f asti t sout putvol t agecanchange whenast epi nputsi gnali sgi ven. Q. 15I nacl ampi ngci rcui t ,t hepeakt opeakvol t ageoft hewavef orm bei ng cl ampedi s ( A)affect edbyt hecl ampi ng ( B)notaffect edbyt hecl ampi ng ( C)det ermi nedbyt hecl ampi ngvol t ageval ue ( D)det ermi nedbyt herati oofrmsvol t ageoft hewavef orm andt hecl ampi ng vol t age
Q. 16Regul ati onofad. c.powersuppl yi sgi venby ( A)productofno-l oadout putvol t ageandf ul l l oadcurr ent ( B)rati ooff ul l l oadout putvol t ageandf ul l l oadcurr ent ( C)changei nout putvol t agef rom no-l oadt of ul l l oad ( D)changei nout puti mpedancef rom no-l oadt of ul l l oad Q. 17A‘ l i t eral ’i nBool eanAl gebrameans ( A)avari abl ei nni t suncompl ement edf orm onl y ( B)avari abl eORedwi t hi t scompl ement ( C)avari abl ei ni t scompl ement edf orm onl y ( D)avari abl ei ni t scompl ement edoruncompl ement edf orm Q. 18I nanuncl ockedRSfli p-flopmadeofNORgat es,t hef orbi ddeni nput condi t i oni s ( A)R=0,S=0( B)R=1,S=0 ( C)R=0,S=1( D)R=1,S=1 Q. 19Thecurr entampl i ficat i onf act ori nCEconfigurati oni s ( A)α ( B)β+1 ( C)1/β ( D)β Q. 20Azenerdi ode ( A)Hasahi ghf orwardvol t agerat i ng. ( B)Hasasharpbreakdownatl ow rever sevol t age. ( C)I susef ulasanampl i fier . ( D)Hasanegat i ver esi st ance. Q. 21NchannelFETsaresuperi ort oPchannelFETs,because ( A)Theyhaveahi gheri nputi mpedance. ( B)Theyhavehi ghswi t chi ngt i me. ( C)Theyconsumel esspower . ( D)Mobi l i t yofel ect ronsi sgreat ert hant hatofhol es.
Q. 22Themaxi mum possi bl ecol l ect orci rcui teffici encyofani dealcl assA powerampl i fieri s ( A)15% ( B)25% ( C)50% ( D)75% Q. 23Negat i vef eedbacki nanampl i fier ( A)Reducesthevol t agegai n. ( B)I ncreasesthevol t agegai n. ( C)Doesnotaffectt hevol t agegai n. ( D)Convert st heampl i fieri nt oanosci l l at or. Q. 24Forgenerat i ng1kHzsi gnal ,t hemostsui t abl eci rcui ti s ( A)Col pi t t sosci l l at or .( B)Hartl eyosci l l at or . ( C)Tunedcol l ect orosci l l at or .( D)Wi enbri dgeosci l l at or . Q. 25Pheout putst ageofanopampi susual l ya ( A)Compl ement aryemi t t erf ol l ower . ( B)Transf ormercoupl edcl assB ampl i fier . ( C )Cl assApowerampl i fier . ( D)Cl assB ampl i fier . Q. 26Whenasi nusoi dalvol t agewavei sf edt oaSchmi t tt ri gger ,t heout putwi l l be ( A)t ri angul arwave.( B)asymmet ri csquarewave. ( C)rect angul arwave.( D)t rapezoi dalwave. Q. 27I ft hepeakval ueoft hei nputvol t aget oahal fwaverect i fieri s28. 28vol t s andnofil t eri suse,t hemaxi mum dcvol t ageacr osst hel oadwi l lbe ( A)20√2V.( B)15V. ( C)9V.( D)14. 14V. Q. 28Thel ogi cgat ewhi chdet ect sequal i t yoft wobi t si s ( A)EXOR( B)EXNOR ( C)NOR( D)NAND Q. 29Theel ect ronrel axat i ont i meofmet alAi s2. 7×104s,t hatofB i s1. 35× 104s.Therati oof
resi sti vi t yofB t oresi sti vi t yofAwi l lbe ( A)4( B)2. 0 ( C)0. 5( D)0. 25 Q. 30Theoveral lbandwi dt hoft woi dent i calvol t ageampl i fiersconnect edi n cascadewi l l ( A)Remai nt hesameasthatofasi ngl est age. ( B)Beworset hant hatofasi ngl est age. ( C)Bebet t ert hant hatofasi ngl est age. ( D)Bebet t eri fst agegai ni sl ow andworsei fst agegai ni shi gh. Q. 31Fi el deffectt ransi st orhas ( A)l argei nputi mpedance.( B)l argeout puti mpedance. ( C)l argepowergai n.( D)l argevotagegai n. Q. 32Whi choft hef ol l owi ngparamet ersi susedf ordi st i ngui shi ngbet weena smal lsi gnalandal arge-si gnalampl i fier? ( A)Vol t agegai n( B)Frequencyresponse ( C)Harmoni cDi st ort i on( D)I nput /out puti mpedances Q. 33Whi choft hef ol l owi ngparamet ersi susedf ordi st i ngui shi ngbet weena smal lsi gnalandal arge-si gnalampl i fier? ( A)I nst abi l i t y( B)Bandwi dt h ( C)Overal lgai n( D)Di st ort i on Q. 34I ft hef eedbacksi gnali sret urnedt othei nputi nseri eswi t ht heappl i ed vol t age,t hei nputi mpedance______. ( A)decreases( B)i ncreases ( C)doesnotchange( D)becomesi nfini t y Q. 35Mostofl i nearI Csarebasedont het wot ransi st ordi fferent i alampl i fier becauseofi t s ( A)i nputvol t agedependentl i neart ransf ercharact eri st i c. ( B)Hi ghvol t agegai n. ( C)Hi ghi nputresi st ance. ( D)Hi ghCMRR
Q. 36Asi ngl ephasedi odebri dgerect i fiersuppl i esahi ghl yi nduct i vel oad.The l oadcurr entcanbeassumedt oberi ppl ef ree.Theacsuppl ysi decurr ent wavef orm wi l lbe ( A)si nusoi dal( B)const antdc. ( C)square( D)t ri angul ar Q. 37Whi choft hef ol l owi ngBool eanrul esi scorrect ? ( A)A+0=0( B)A+1=1 ( C)A+Ᾱ =A. A( D)A+AB =A+ᾹB Q. 38Asi ngl ephasedi odebri dgerect i fiersuppl i esahi ghl yi nduct i vel oad.The l oadcurr entcanbeassumedt oberi ppl ef ree.Theacsuppl ysi decurr ent wavef orm wi l lbe ( A)si nusoi dal( B)const antdc. ( C)square( D)t ri angul ar Q. 49Thet emper at urecont rolsyst em i nt hehumanbodyi sanexampl eofa cl osedl oopcont rolsyst em. A)TrueB)Fal se Q. 40I nat emperaturecont rolsyst em,whatrepresent st heout putoft he syst em? A)Therequi redt emperat ure.B)Theact ualt emperat ureachi eved. C)Theheatproducedbythesyst em.D)Theheat i ngel ement . Q. 41Whati sthevol t agegai noft hef ol l owi ngarrangement ? A)( 1+AB) /B B)B/( 1+AB) C)( 1+AB) /AD)A/( 1+AB) Q. 42Underwhatcondi t i onsdoest hegai nofaf eedbacksyst em approxi mat et o 1/B? A)Thel oopgai nAB >>1.B)Thef eedbackpat hgai nB >>1. C)Thef orwardpat hgai nA>>1.D)Thel oopgai nAB <<1. Q. 43Whati sthegai noft hef ol l owi ngpassi veat t enuator? A)0. 1B)0. 11 C)9D)10
Q. 44Whati st heeffectofnegat i vef eedbackont hegai nofanampl i fier ? A)I treducest hegai nbyaf act orof( 1+AB) . B)I treducest hegai nbyaf act orof1/B. C)I ti ncreasesthegai nbyaf act orof1/B. D)I ti ncreasesthegai nbyaf act orof( 1+AB) . Q. 45Whati st heeffectofnegat i vef eedbackont hebandwi dt hofanampl i fier ? A)I treducest hebandwi dt h,of t enbyaf act orof( 1+AB) . B)I treducest hebandwi dt h,of t enbyaf act orof1/B. C)I ti ncreasesthebandwi dt h,of t enbyaf act orof( 1+AB) . D)I ti ncreasest hebandwi dt h,of t enbyaf act orof1/B. Q. 46Whataret heeffect sofnegat i vef eedbackont hei nputandout put resi st anceofanampl i fier? A)I ti ncreasesi nputresi st anceanddecreasesout putresi st ance. B)I tcanei t heri ncreaseordecreasethei nputandout putresi st ancedependi ng onhow i ti sappl i ed. C)I tdecreasesi nputresi st anceandi ncreasesout putresi st ance. D)I ti ncreasesbot hi nputandout putresi st ance. Q. 47Negati vef eedbackreducesthenoi secorr upt i ngasi gnalbyaf act orof( 1+ AB) . A)TrueB)Fal se Q. 48Thedi agram bel ow showsacl osed-l oopcont rolsyst em.Whatel ementi s represent edbytheci rcl el abel edX? A)Theerrorsi gnal .B)Thegoal . C)TheuserD)Thef orwardpat h
ANSWERS 1.Ans:( B) Thepent aval entat om provi desanexcessel ect ronwhi l et heot herf ourf orm t he coval entbondwi t ht henei ghbouri ngat oms.Thi sexcessf reeel ect ronprovi des t hen t ypeconduct i vi t y.
2.Ans:( C) Resi st anceatanypoi nti nt hef orwardcharact eri st i csi sgi venbyR=_V/_I= 1/50mA=20_ 3.Ans:( A) Thevol t agegai nofamul t i st ageampl i fieri sequalt ot heproductoft hegai nsof t he i ndi vi dualst ages. 4.Ans:( B) I ti sthesat urat i onregi onorpi nchoff regi on,anddrai ncurr entremai ns al mostconst ant ati t smaxi mum val ue,provi dedVGSi skeptconst ant . 5.Ans:( B) Here,af ract i onofout putvol t ageobt ai nedbyparal l elsampl i ngi sappl i edi n parallel wi t ht hei nputvol t aget hroughf eedbackandbot hi nputandout putresi st ance decrease byaf act orequalt o( 1+_Av) . 6.Ans:( A) Pi ezoel ectri ccrystali susedasaresonantt ankci rcui t .Thecrystali smadeof quartz mat eri alandprovi desahi ghdegreeoff requencystabi l i t y. 7.Ans:( B) 8.Ans:( D) Effici encyofaf ul lwaverect i fieri sgi venby [ ( 2I m /_)2xRL]/[ ( I m /_2)2x( Rf+RL) ]=81%,whenRgi szero. 9.Ans:B 10.Ans:C 11.Ans:A 12.Ans:A 13.Ans:C 14.Ans:D 15.Ans:B 16.Ans:D 17.Ans:D 18.Ans:D 19.Ans:D 20.Ans:B
21.Ans: 22.Ans:C 23.Ans:A 24.Ans:D 25.Ans:A 26.Ans:B 27.Ans:C 28.Ans:B 29.Ans:B 30.Ans:B 31.Ans:A 32.Ans:D 33.Ans:B 34.Ans:B 35.Ans:D 36.Ans:C 37.Ans:B 38.Ans:C
Bol dopt i oni st heanswer 1.Ani dealopampi sani deal A)vol t agecont rol l edcurrentsource B)vol t agecont rol l edvol t agesource C)curr entcont rol l edcurr entsource D)curr entcont rol l edvol t agesource 2TheFouri ert ransf orm ofaconj ugat esymmet ri cf unct i oni sal ways A)i magi nary B)conj ugat eant i symmet ri c C)real D)conj ugat esymmet ri c 3TheQ –met erworksont hepri nci pl eof A)mut uali nduct ance
B)sel fi nduct ance C)seri esresonance D)paral l elresonance 4I nrel at i ont ot hesynchronousmachi nes,whi choneoft hef ol l owi ng st at ement si sf al se? A)I nsal i entpol emachi nes,t hedi rect axi ssynchronousreact ancei sgreat er t hant hequadrat ureaxi ssynchronousr eact ance B)Thedamperbarshel pt hesynchronousmot orsel fst art C)Shortci rcui trat i oi st herat i ooft hefiel dcurr entrequi redt oproducethe ratedvol t ageonopenci rcui tt otheratedarmat urecurr ent D)TheVcurveofasynchronousmot orr epresent st hevari ati oni nt he armaturecurr entwi t hfiel dexci t ati on,atagi venout putpower 5The8085assembl yl anguagei nst ruct i ont hatst orest hecont entofH andL regi st ersi nt ot hememoryl ocat i ons2050H and2051H,respect i vel y,i s A)SPHL2050H B)SPHL2051H C)SHLD 2050H D)STAX2050H 6Theconduct i onl ossversusdevi cecurrentcharact eri st i cofapowerMOSFET i sbestapproxi mat edby A)aparabol a B)ast rai ghtl i ne C)arect angul arhyperbol a D)anexponent i al l ydecayi ngf unct i on 7Hi ghVol t ageDC ( HVDC)t ransmi ssi oni smai nl yusedf or A)bul kpowert ransmi ssi onoververyl ongdi st ances B)i nt er connect i ngtwosyst emswi t ht hesamenomi nalf requency C)el i mi nat i ngreact i vepowerrequi rementi nt heoperat i on D)mi ni mi zi ngharmoni csatt heconver t erst ati ons 8Fort heequati on,s^3–4*s^2+s+6=0t henumberofroot si nt hel ef thal fof s-pl anewi l lbe A)0
B)1 C)2 D)3 9Amast er sl avefli pflophast hecharact eri st i cthat A)changei nt hei nputi mmedi at el yreflect edi nt heout put B)changei nt heout putoccurswhent hest ateoft hemast eri saffect ed C)changei nt heout putoccurswhent hest ateoft hesl avei saffect ed D)bot ht hemast erandt hesl avest at esareaffect edatt hesamet i me 10Thecascadeampl i fieri samul t i st ageconfigurati onof A)CCCB B)CECB C)CBCC D)CECC 11ThebandgapofSi l i conatroom t emper at urei s A)1. 3eV B)0. 7eV C)1. 1eV D)1. 4eV 12I naPCM syst em,i ft hecodewordl engt hi si ncreasedf rom 6t o8bi t s,t he si gnalt oquant i zat i onnoi serat i oi mprovesbyt hef act or A)8/6 B)12 C)16 D)8 13Fort hepol ynomi alP( s)=s^5+s^4+2*s^3+2*s^2+3*s+15,t henumber ofroot swhi chl i ei nt heri ghthal foft hespl anei s A)4 B)2 C)3 D)1 14Expresst hedeci malnumber57i nbi nary.
A)100101 B)111010 C)110010 D)111001 15Noi sewi t huni f orm powerspect raldensi t yofN0W/Hzi spassedt hrougha fil t erH ( w)=2exp( j wt d)f ol l owedbyani deall ow passfil t erofbandwi dt hBHz. Theout putnoi sepoweri nWat t si s A)2N0B B)4N0B C)eN0B D)16N0B 16Whati st hepri maryf unct i onofmul t i pl exi ng? A)Tomat cht hef requencyrangeofasi gnalt oapart i cul archannel . B )Toreducet hebandwi dt hofasi gnal . C )Tosel ectoneradi ochannelf rom awi derangeoft ransmi t t edchannel s. D )Toal l ow anumberofsi gnal st omakeuseofasi ngl ecommuni cat i ons channel . 17Asecondst ept of urt heri ncreasesyst em capaci t yi sadi gi t alaccessmet hod cal l edTDMA( Ti meDi vi si onMul t i pl eAccess) .Usi ngt hesamef requency channel i zat i onandreuseasFDMAanal ogbutaddi ngat i meshari ngel ement , t heeffect i vecapaci t yi s: A)Doubl ed B)Tri pl ed C)Reducedbyonet hi rd D)Unchanged 18Anopampi nt egr at orhasasquarewavei nput .Theout putshoul dbe A)asi newave. B)atri angl ewave C)asquarewave. D)pureDC.
19Atani ndust ri alsubst ati onwi t ha4MW l oad,acapaci t orof2MVARi s i nst al l edt omai nt ai nt hel oadpowerf act orat0. 97l aggi ng.I ft hecapaci t orgoes outofseri vce,t hel oadpowerf actorbecomes A)0. 85 B)1. 00 C)0. 80l ag D)0. 90l ag 20Consi deral ossl essant ennawi t hadi rect i vegai nof+6dB.I f1mW ofpower i sf edt oi tt het otalpowerr adi at edbytheant ennawi l lbe A)4mW B)1mW C)7mW D)1/4mW 21Thedrai nofannchannelMOSFETi sshort edt ot hegat esot hatVGS= VDS.Thet hreshol dvol t age( VT)ofMOSFETi s1V.I ft hedrai ncurrent( I D)i s1 mAf orVGS=2V,t henf orVGS=3V,I Di s A)2mA B)3mA C)9mA D)4mA 22Thefirstandt hel astcri t i calf requencyofanRCdri vi ngpoi nti mpedance f unct i onmustrespect i vel ybe A)azeroandapol e B)azer oandazer o C)apol eandapol e D)apol eandazer o 23Adi gi t al t o-anal ogconvert erwi t haf ul l scal eout putvol t ageof3. 5Vhasa resol ut i oncl oset o14m V.I t sbi tsi zei s A)4 B)8 C)16 D)32
24Thephasevel oci t yofanel ect romagnet i cwavepropagat i ngi nahol l ow met al l i cr ect angul arwavegui dei nt heTE10modei s A)equalt oi t sgroupvel oci t y B)l essthant hevel oci t yofl i ghti nf reespace C)equalt ot hevel oci t yofl i ghti nf reespace D)great ert hant hevel oci t yofl i ghti nf reespace 25Adevi cewi t hi nputx( t )andout puty( t )i scharact eri zedby:y( t )=x^2( t ) .An FM si gnalwi t hf requencydevi ati onof90kHzandmodul ati ngsi gnalbandwi dt h of5kHzi sappl i edt ot hi sdevi ce.Thebandwi dt hoft heout putsi gnali s A)370kHz B)190kHz C)380kHz D)95kHz 26Anopampi nt egr at orhasat ri angl ewavei nput .Theout putshoul dbe A)asi newave. B)atri angl ewave C)asquarewave. D)pureDC. 27Whatf requencyrangei st heHi ghFrequencyband? 1)100kHz2)1GHz3)30t o300MHz4)3t o30MHz 28How manyl oudspeaker sar er equi redi naquadraphoni c? ( a)Two( b)Three( c)Four( d)Si x 29WhatdoesEPROM st andf or ? 1)El ect ri cProgr ammabl eReadOnl yMemory 2)Erasabl eProgrammabl eReadOnl yMemory 3)Eval uabl ePhi l ot i cRandom Opti cMemory 4)EveryPersonRequi resOneMi nd 30Whatdoest het er m PLC st andf or? 1)Programmabl eLi f tComput er 2)Program Li stCont rol 3)Programmabl eLogi cCont rol l er
4)Pi ezoLampConnect or 17.I nasynchroerrordet ect or ,t heout putvol t agei sproport i onalt o[ w( t ) ] n wherew( t )i st herot orvel oci t yandnequal s ( a)-2( b)–1( c)1( d)2 32Somet i mescomput er sandcashregi st er si naf oodmartareconnect edt oa UPSsyst em.WhatdoesUPSmean? 1)Uni t edParcelServi ce 2)Uni f orm ProductSupport 3)UnderPanel i ngSt orage 4)Uni nt erruptabl ePowerSuppl y 33WhatdoesAC andDC st andf ori nt heel ect ri calfiel d? 1)Al t ernat i ngCurrentandDi rectCurrent 2)ARockBandf rom Aust ral i a 3)AverageCurrentandDi schargedCapaci t or 4)At l ant i cCi t yandDi st ri ctofCol umbi a 34Whi chconsi st soft wopl at esseparatedbyadi el ect ri candcanst orea charge? 1)I nduct or2)Capaci t or3)Transi st or4)Rel ay 35A800kV t ransmi ssi onl i nei shavi ngperphasel i nei nduct anceof1. 1 mH/km andperphasel i necapaci t anceof11. 68nF/km.I gnori ngt hel engt hof t hel i ne,i t si dealpowert ransf ercapabi l i t yi nMW i s A)1204MW B)1504MW C)2085MW D)2606MW 36TheFFT,amat hemat i calprocess,i susedextensi vel yi ndi gi t alsi gnal processi ng( DSP) .Forwhatworddoest hesecond" F"i nFFTst and? 1) Fast2)Fouri er3)Ford4)Foot ed 37Whi chi sat ypeofEl ect ri cal l yErasabl eProgrammabl eReadOnl yMemory? 1)Fl ash2)Fl ange3)Fury4)FRAM
38Agi vensi gnal ' ssecondharmoni ci st wi cet hegi vensi gnal ' s__________ f requency. . . ? 1)Fouri er2)Foundat i on3)Fundament al4)Fi el d 39I napi ezoel ectr i ccryst alosci l l at or ,t heosci l l at i onort uni ngf requencyi s l i nearl yproport i onalt ot he ( a)massoft hecryst al ( b)squarerootoft hemassoft hecryst al ( c)squareoft hemassoft hecryst al ( d)i nverseoft hesquarerootoft hemassoft hecryst al 40Theoperati ngst at et hatdi st i ngui shesasi l i concont rol l edrecti fier( SCR) f rom adi odei s ( a)f orwardconduct i onst at e( b)f orwardbl ocki ngst at e ( c)reverseconduct i onst at e( d)reversebl ocki ngstat e 41Thenumberofcomparat orsneededi naparal l elconver si ont ype8bi tAt o D convert eri s ( a)8( b)16( c)255( d)256 42Ani nt egrat i ngdi gi t alvol t met ermeasure ( a)t rueaverageval ue( b)rmsval ue( c)peakval ue( I i )peakt opeakval ue 43Thei mpul seresponseofonRLci rcui t si sa ( a)ri si ngexponent i alf unct i on ( b)decayi ngexponent i alf unct i on ( c)st epf unct i on ( d)parabol i cf unct i on 44I namodul at i onsyst em,ondoubl i ngt hemodul ati onf requency,t he modul at i oni ndexget shal vedwhi l et hemodul ati ngvol t ageneededremai ns unal t er ed.Themodul ati onsyst em i s ( a)AM ( b)FM ( c)PM ( d)Al lt heabove 45.Asi gnedi nt egerhasbeenst oredi nabyt eusi ngt he2' scompl ementf ormat . Wewi sht ost oret hesamei nt egeri na16bi tword.Weshoul d
( a)copyt heori gi nalbyt et othel esssi gni ficantbyt eoft hewordandfil lt he moresi gni ficantwi t hzer os ( b)copytheori gi nalbyt et othemoresi gni ficantbyt eoft hewordandfil lt he l esssi gni ficantbyt ewi t hzer os ( c)copytheori gi nalbyt et othel esssi gni ficantbyt eoft hewordandmakeeach bi toft hemoresi gni ficantbyt eequalt ot hemostsi gni ficantbi toft heori gi nal byt e ( d)copytheori gi nalbyt et ot hel esssi gni ficantbyt easwel last hemore si gni ficantbyt eoft heword 46Fl att opsampl i ngofl ow passsi gnal s ( a)gi vesri set oapert ureeffect( b)i mpl i esoversampl i ng( e)l eadst oal i asi ng( d) i nt roducesdel aydi st ort i on 47Ahal fwaverect i fierusesadi odewi t haf orwardresi st anceRf .Thevol t agei s Vm si nwtandt hel oadresi st ancei sRL•TheDC currenti sgi venby ( a)Vm/Sqrt ( 2RL)( b)Vm/Pai*( Rr+RL) ( e)2Vm/Sqrt ( Pai )( d)Vm/RL 48I fcarr i ermodul atedbyadi gi t albi tst ream hadoneoft hepossi bl ephasesof 0,90,180,and270degrees,t hent hemodul ati oni scal l ed ( a)BPSK( b)QPSK( c)QAM ( d)MSK 49TheMaxwel lequat i oni s ( a)Ampere' sl aw ( e)Faraday' sl aw ( b)Gaussl ow ( d)Coul omb' sl aw 50Theprobabi l i t ydensi t yf unct i onoft heenvel opeofnarrow bandGaussi an noi seI s ( a)Poi sson ( e)Rayl ei gh ( b)Gaussi an ( d)noneoft hese
1.Li stanyf ourobj ect i vesofprocesscont rol . Suppressi ng i nfluence external di st urbances, Opti mi zi ng perf ormance,I ncreasi ngtheproduct i vi t y,Costeffect i ve. 2.Defineprocess system compri sed dynami c vari abl es usual l y i nvol ved manuf acturi ngandproduct i onoperati ons.I ti sdefinesasaseri esof operations duri ngwhi chsomemat eri al sarepl acedi nmoreusef ulst ate. 3.Whati smani pul atedvari abl e I ti savari abl ewhi chi sal t eredbyt heaut omat i ccont rolequi pmentsoast o changet hevari abl eunderandmakei tconf orm wi t ht hedesi redval ue. 4.DefineCont rol l edvari abl e I ti st hequant i t yofcont rolsyst em whi chi sdi rect l ymeasuredand cont rol l ed. 5.Whatdoyoumeanbysel fregul at i on? Theout putwi l lmovef rom onest eadyst at et oanot herf ort hesust ai ned changei ni nput .Thi smeanst hatf orchangei nsomei nputvari abl et heout put vari abl ewi l lri seunt i li treachesast eadyst at e( i nflow =out flow) .I ti st he t he of t he Any of i n
t endencyoft heprocesst oadoptaspeci ficval ueofcont rol l edvari abl ef or nomi nal l oadwi t hnocont roloperat i ons. 6.Whydoweneedmat hemat i calmodel i ngofprocess? Thephysi calequi pmentoft hechemi calprocesswewantt ocont rolhave notbeenconst ruct ed.Consequent l ywecannotexperi mentt odet ermi nehow t he processreactst ovari ousi nput sandt heref orewecannotdesi gnt he appropriate cont rolsyst em.I ft heprocessequi pmentneedst obeavai l abl ef or experi ment ati on t heprocedurei scost l y.Theref oreweneedasi mpl edescri pt i onofhow t he process react st ovari ousi nput s,andt hi si swhatt hemathemati calmodel scanprovi de t o t hecont roldesi gner . 7.Namedi fferentt esti nput s. St ep,Ramp,I mpul se,Si nusoi dal ,Pul sei nput s 8.Nameaprocessgi vi ngi nver ser esponse. Drum boi l ersyst em,i nwhi cht heflow rat eoft hecol df eedwat eri s i ncreasedbyast ept het ot alvol umeoft heboi l i ngwat erandconsequent l yt he l i qui dl evelwi l ldecreasedf orashortperi odandt heni twi l lst arti ncreasi ng. 9.Definei nt er act i ngsyst em andgi veanexampl e. Loadchangesi nfirstprocessaffect st hesecondprocessandvi seversa whenbot hareconnect edi nseri esnat urei scal l edi nt eract i ngsyst em.Eg.Two l evelt anksareconnect edi nseri es. 10.At ankoper at i ngat10f thead,51pm out flow t hroughaval veandhasa cross sect i onareaof10sqf t .cal cul at ethet i meconst ant . T=R/A,R=H/Q=10/( 5X5. 885X104) 11.Whati smeantbynonsel fregul ati on?
Asyst em t hatgrowswi t houtl i mi tf orasust ai nedchangei ni nput( const ant out flow orout flow i ndependentofi nflow condi t i on) . 12.Wri t eanytwocharact eri st i csoffirstorderprocessmodel i ng. Thesmal l ert heval ueoft i meconst antt hest eepert hei ni t i alresponseoft he syst em.Afirstorderl agprocessi ssel fregul at i ngtheul t i mat eval ueoft he responseequalt oKp( st eadyst at egai noft heprocess)f orauni tst epchangei n t he 13.Di st i ngui shbet weencont i nuousprocessandbat chprocess. Aprocessi nwhi cht hemat eri al sorwor kflowsmoreorl esscont i nuousl y t hroughapl antapparat uswhi l ebei ngt reat edi st ermedascont i nuous process.The probl em ofcont i nuousprocessi sduet ol oadchanges.( e. g. )st oragevessel cont rol . Aprocessi nwhi cht hemat eri al sorwor karest at i onaryatonephysi cal l ocat i onwhi l ebei ngt reat edi st ermedasbat chprocess.( e. g. )f urnace. 14.Expl ai nt hef unct i onofcont rol l er . Theel ementi naprocesscont roll oopt hateval uat ederroroft hecont rol l ed vari abl eandi ni t i at escorrect i veact i onbyasi gnalt ot hecont rol l i ngvari abl e. 15.Whati st hepurposeoffinalcont rolel ement ? Component sofacont rolsyst em ( suchasval ve)i susedt odi rect l yregul ates t heflow ofenergyormat eri al st otheprocess.I tdi rect l ydet ermi nestheval ueof mani pul atedvari abl e. 16.DefineProcesscont rol . i nput . I ti st heschemet hatdescri beshow mucht hemani pul at edvari abl eshoul d changei nordert obri ngthecont rol l edvari abl ebackt otheset poi nt . 17.Li stt het wot ypesofprocesscont rol . Di rectprocesscont rol Cont rol l edvari abl edi rect l yi ndi cat est he perf ormanceoft heprocess Eg.Wat erheatersyst em
I nDi rectProcesscont rol Cont rol l edvari abl ei ndi rect l yi ndi cat es t heperf ormanceoft heprocess. Eg.Anneal i ng 18.Whati sServooperati onandRegul at oryoper ati on. I ft hepurposeoft hecont rolsyst em i st omaket heprocessf ol l ow t he changesi nset poi ntasqui ckaspossi bl e,t heni ti sservooperat i on. 19.Whati smathemat i calmodel i ng. Setofequati onst hatcharact eri zet heprocessi st ermedasMathemat i cal Model l i ng. 20.Defineannoni nt er act i ngsyst em. Thedynami cbehavi ouronet anki saffect edbyt heot her ,butt hereversei s nott rue,t heni ti snoni nt eract i ngsyst em.Heret hel i qui dheadsare i ndependentof eachot her . 21.Defineani nt er act i ngsyst em. – – Thedynami cbehavi oronet anki saffect edbyt heot her ,butt hereversei s al sot rue,t heni ti snoni nt eract i ngsyst em.Herethel i qui dheadsare dependentof eachot her . 22.Ment i ont wodrawbacksofderi vat i veact i on. Theout putofcont rol l eri szeroatconst anterrorcondi t i on. I twi l lampl i f ythenoi sepresenti nt heerrorsi gnal . 23.Whataret hest epsi nvol vedt odesi gnabestcont rol l er? Defineappropri ateperf ormancecr i t eri on( I SE,I AE,I TATE) .Comput et he val ueoft heperf ormancecri t eri onusi ngaP,PI ,orPI D cont rol l erwi t ht hebest set t i ngf ort headj ust edparamet ersKp,Ti ,Td.Sel ectcont rol l erwhi chgi vet he bestval uef ort heperf ormancecri t eri on.
24.Defineproport i onalcont rolmode Acont rol l ermodei nwhi cht hecont rol l erout puti sdi rect l yproport i onalt o t heerr orsi gnalP=Kpep+p0Pcont rol l erout putKp=Propot i onalgai n,ep=err or i n percentofvari abl erange,P0Bi as. 25.Defineproport i onalband. Proport i onalbandi sdefinedasthechangei ni nputofproport i onal cont rol l ermoderequi redt oproduceaf ul l scal echangei nout put 26.Wri t et her el ati onshi pbet weenproport i onalbandandproport i onalgai n. ( i ) ( i i ) Thereci procalofgai nexpressedasapercent agei scal l edproport i onal band.Kp=100/PB 27.Defineoffset . I ti sthest eadystat edevi at i on( error)resul t i ngf rom achangei nval ueof l oadvari abl e. 28.Defineerror( devi at i on) ? I ti sthedi fferenceatanyi nst antbet weent heval ueofcont rol l edvari abl e andt hesetpoi nt .E=S. PP. V 29.Sket chPneumat i cP+Icont rol l er . Ref erCurt i sJohnson,PageNo. 418,andFi g.10. 17. 30.Whyi stheel ect roni ccont rol l erpref err edt opneumat i ccont rol l er? El ectroni csi gnal soperat eovergreatdi st ancewi t houtt i mel ags.El ectroni c si gnal scanbemadecompat i bl ewi t hdi gi t alcont rol l ers.El ect roni cdevi cescan be desi gnedt obeessent i al l ymai nt enancef ree.I nt ri nsi csaf et yt echni ques el i mi nat e el ect ri calhazards.Lessexpensi vet oi nst al l .Moreenergyeffici ent .Duet othe abovesai dpropert i esel ect roni ccont rol l ersarepref err edt opneumat i c cont rol l er.
31.Expl ai nt hef unct i onofcont rol l er . Theel ementi nprocesscont roll oopt hateval uat eserroroft hecont rol l ed vari abl eandi ni t i at escorrect i veact i onbyasi gnalt ot hecont rol l i ngvari abl e. 32.Wri t eanytwol i mi t at i onsofsi ngl espeedfloat i ngcont rol . Thepresentout putdependsont het i mehi st oryoferrorsandsuchhi st oryi s notknown,t heact ualval ueofcont rol l erout putfloat satanundet ermi ned val ue.I f t hedevi ati onpersi st scont rol l ersaturat esatei t her100% or0% andremai n t here unt i lanerr ordri vesi tt owardsopposi t eextreme. 33.Sket cht hei nput–out putcharact eri st i cofsi ngl e–speedfloat i ngcont rol l er . Ref erCurt i sJohnson,PageNo.368,andFi g. 9. 7. 34.Whyderi vat i vemodeofcont roli snotrecommendedf oranoi syprocess? Theseri escapaci t ori nt hederi vat i vecont rol l erwi l lampl i f yt henoi sei nt he errorsi gnal . 35.Definei nt egral( reset )wi ndup? Theoverchargi ngi nt hepresenceofacont i nuouserroroft hei nt egral capaci t orwhi chmustdi scharget hroughal ongti meconst antdi schargepath and whi chprevent saqui ckret urnt ot hedesi redcont rolpoi nt . 36.Whataret het womodesofcont rol l er . Di scont i nuousandcont i nuousmodearet het womodesofcont rol l er . 37.DefineDi scont i nuousmodeofcont rol l er . I ff oronl yt woval uesoferror ,cont rolact i oni st aken,i ti sDi scont i nuous modeofcont rol l er . 38.DefineCont i nuousmodeofcont rol l er . I ff oreveryval ueoferror ,cont rolact i oni staken,i ti sDi scont i nuousmode ofcont rol l er . 39.Gi veanexampl ef orDi scont i nuousandCont i nuousmodeofcont rol l er .
Di scont i nuousONOFFcont rol l er . Cont i nuous–Proport i onalCont rol l er 40.Definecycl i ng. Osci l l at i onsoferroraboutzeroi scal l edcycl i ng. 42.Definecont rol l ert urni ng. Deci di ngwhatval uest obeusedf ort headj ust edparamet er soft he cont rol l eri scal l edcont rol l ert urni ng. 43.Whati sreact i oncurve. I nprocesscont rol l er ,t hereacti oncurvei sobt ai nedbyappl yi ngast ep change( ei t heri nl oadori nsetpoi nt )andpl ot t i ngt heresponseoft he cont rol l ed vari abl ewi t hrespectt ot i me. 44.Whatperf ormancecri t eri onshoul dbeusedf ort hesel ect i onandt urni ngof cont rol l er? Keepthemaxi mum errorassmal laspossi bl e. Achi eveshortset t l i ngt i me. Mi ni mi zet hei nt egraloft heerrorsunt i lt heprocesshasset t l edsetPoi nt . 45.Defineul t i mat egai n. Themaxi mum gai noft heproport i onalcont rol l eratwhi cht hesust ai ned osci l l at i onsoccuri scal l edul t i mat egai n( Ku) . 46.Whati sI TAEandwhent ogof ori t ? I TAEmeansI nt egralTi meAbsol ut eError .Tosuppresst heerrorst hat persi stf orl ongt i me,t heI TAEcri t eri onwi l lt unethecont rol l ersbet t erbecause t hepresenceofl argetampl i fiest heeffectofevensmal lerr orsi nt heval uei f i nt egral . 47.Whataret heparamet ersrequi redt odesi gnabestcont rol l er? ProcessParamet ers( K,) ,Cont rol l erparamet ers( Kp, Ti ,Td) , perf ormance creat i on( I SE,I AE,I ATE) 48.Wri t eanyt ow pract i calsi gni ficanceoft hegai nmargi n.
I tconst i t ut esameasureofhow f art hesyst em i sthebri nkofi nst abi l i t y. Hi ghert hegai nmargi n( abovetheval ueofone) ,t hehi ghert hesaf et yf act orwe usecont rol l ert urni ng. Typi cal l y,acont roldesi gnersynt hesi zesaf eedbacksyst em wi t hgai n margi nl argert han1800. 49.Whyi si tnecessaryt ochoosecont rol l erset t i ngst hatsat i sf ybot hgai n margi n andphasemargi n? Thegai nmargi nandPhasemargi naret hesaf et yf act orswhi chi susedf or t hedesi gnofaf eedbacksyst em.Beyondt hephasemargi nandgai nmargi nt he syst em goestounst abl eposi t i on. 50.Whati st urni ngacont rol l erbasedonquart er–decayrat i o? I ti stheprocedurei nwhi chadj ust i ngt heproport i onalgai nofcont rol l er upt o¼ t hdecayr at i owavef orm i sobt ai ned. 51.Namet het i mei nt egralperf ormancecri t eri ameasures. I nt egralSquareErr or( I SE) ,I nt egralofabsol ut eval ueoferror( I AE) , I nt egraloft i mewei ght edabsol ut eerror . 52.DefineI nt egralSquareErrors( I SE) I fwewantt osuppressl argeerrors,I SEi sbet t ert hanI AEBecauseerr ors aresquaredandcont ri but emoret otheval ueofi nt egral . 53.DefineI nt egralAbsol ut eErrors( I AE) I fwewantt osupper ssmal lerrors,I AEi sbet t ert hanI SEBecausewhenwe squaresmal lnumber s,t heyevenbecomesmal l er . 54.DefineI nt egralofTi mewei ght edAbsol ut eError( I TAE) Tosuppresserrorst hatpersi stf orl ongt i mes,I TAEcri t eri onwi l lt unet he cont rol l ersbet t erbecauset hepresenceofl argetampl i fiest heeffectofeven smal l errorsi nval ueofi nt egral . 55.DefineOnequart erdecayr at i o. I ti sreasonabl et radeoff bet weenf astri set i meandreasonabl eset t i ngt i me.
56.Gi vethesat i sf act orycont rolf orgasl i qui dl evelprocess. Proport i onalCont roli sthesat i sf act orycont rolf orl i qui dl evelprocess. 57.Gi vethesat i sf act orycont rolf orgaspressureprocess. Proport i onalCont roli sthesat i sf act orycont rolf orl i qui dl evelprocess. 58.Gi vet hesat i sf act orycont rolf orvapourpressureprocess. PICont roli sthesat i sf act orycont rolf orvapourpressureprocesshavi ng f astresponse. 59.Gi vet hesat i sf act orycont rolf ort emperat ureprocess. PI D Cont roli sthesat i sf act orycont rolf ort emperat ureprocess. 60.Gi vethesat i sf act orycont rolf orcomposi t i onprocess. PI D Cont roli sthesat i sf act orycont rolf orcomposi t i onprocess. 61.Definerat i ocont rol . Rat i ocont roli saspeci alt ypeoff eedf orwardcont rolwheret wo di st urbancesaremeasuredandhel di narat i ot oeachot her . 62.Definecascadecont rol . Cascadecont roli sdefinedasacont rolsyst em composedoft wol oops wheret hesetpoi ntofonel oop( t hei nnerl oop)i st heout putoft hecont rol l erof t heotherl oop( t heout erl oop) 63.Whencascadecont rolwi l lgi vei mprovedperf ormancet hanconvent i onal f eedbackcont rol ? I nsomeprocessthesecondaryvari abl esi ni ti nt roducedi st urbance t hroughoutt hesyst em i smeasuredandcont rol l edbyaseparat el oop. 64.Expl ai nt hepurposeofcascadecont rolf orheatexchanger s? I nheatexchangers,t hecont rolobj ect i vei st okeept heexi tt emperat ureof st ream.Butt heflow rat eoft hest ream cr eat est hel ow di st urbancet hroughout of i t saf unct i on.Thesecondaryl oopi susedt ocompensat et heflow rateoft he st ream.
65.Whati smeantbyauct i oneeri ngcont rol ? Suchcont rolconfigurati onssel ectamongseveralmeasurement st heone wi t ht hehi ghestval ueandf eedi tt ot hecont rol l er .Thusi ti sasel ect i ve cont rol l er whi chpossessesseveralmeasuredout put sandonl yonemani pul at edi nput . 66.Gi veanyt wot ypesofsel ect i vecont rolsyst em. Overr i decont rolf ort heprot ect i onofprocessequi pment ,auct i oneeri ng cont rol . 67.Whati sl i mi tswi t ch? I nsomecasesi ti snecessaryt ochangef rom t henormalcont rolact i onand att emptt opreventaprocessvari abl ef rom exceedi nganal l owabl eupperor l ower l i mi t .Thi scanbeachi evedbyt heuseofspeci alt ypeswi t chescal l edl i mi t swi t ches. 68.Ment i ont het ypesofl i mi tswi t ches. Hi ghSel ectSwi t ch( HSS) ,Low Sel ectSwi t ch( LSS) . 69.Whati sHSS? Hi ghSel ectSwi t ch( HSS)i sal i mi tswi t chwhi chi susedwhenevera vari abl eshoul dnotexceedanupperl i mi t . 70.Whati sLSS?
Low Sel ectSwi t ch( LSS)i sal i mi tswi t chwhi chi susedwhenevera vari abl eshoul dnotexceedanl owerl i mi t . 71.Whati soverr i decont r ol ?
Duri ngtheoperat i onoft hepl ant ,i ti spossi bl et hatsomeoft heprocess vari abl esexceedt hel i mi t .I nsuchcasesi ti snecessaryt ochangef rom t he normalcont rolact i onandatt emptt opreventaprocessvari abl ef rom exceedi ng anal l owabl eanal l owabl eupperorl owerl i mi t .Thi scanbeachi evedbyt heuse ofspeci alt ypeswi t chescal l edl i mi tswi t chescal l edl i mi tswi t ches( HSSand LSS) .Thi st ypeofprot ect i vecont roli scal l edoverri decont rol .
72.Whati sspl i t r angecont r ol ?
Tocont rolAsi ngl eprocessout putcanbecont rol l edbycocoordi nat i ngt he acti onsofsever almani pul at edvari abl esal lofwhi chhavesameeffecton cont rol l edout put .Suchsyst emsarecal l edspl i t rangecont rolsyst ems. 73.Di fferent i atespl i t r angecont r olandsel ect i vecont r ol .
Spl i t rangecont rolsyst em i nvol vesonemeasurementandmoret hanone mani pul atedvari abl esbutsel ect i vecont rolsyst em i nvol vesonemani pul at ed vari abl esandseveralcont rol l edout put s. 74.Whyar ef uelandai rsentataspeci fiedr at i oi nt oacombust i on chamber ?
Toobt ai nt hemosteffici entcombust i on. 75.Whatar edecoupl er s?
Thespeci alel ementi nt roducedi nasyst em wi t ht wost rongl yi nt eract i ngl oops t ocancelt hei nt eract i oneffectbet weent het wol oopsandt husr endert wononi nt eract i ngcont roll oopsi scal l eddecoupl er . 76.When i si nf erent i alcont r olused?
I ti susedi nsomecaseswher et heout putoft heprocessandt hei nfluenceof t hedi st urbancecannotbemeasured. 77.Whatar et headvant agesoff eedf or war dcont r ol l er .
Act sbef oret hedi st urbancei sf el tbyt heprocess.I ti sgoodf orsl ow syst ems. 78.Whatar et hedi sadvant agesoff eedf orwar dcont r ol l er .
Requi resi dent i ficat i onofal lpossi bl edi st urbancesandt hei rdi recti mpact . Cannotcopewi t hunmeasureddi st urbances. 79.Whatar et headvant agesoff eedbackcont r ol l er .
I tdoesnotrequi rei dent i ficat i onandmeasurementofdi st urbance. 80.Whatar et hedi sadvant agesoff eedf orwar dcont r ol l er .
I ti sunsat i sf act oryf orsl ow processeswi t hsi gni ficantdeadt i me.
81.Whati sflashi ngi ncont r olval ve?
Whenal i qui dsent ersaval veandt hest at i cpressureatt hevenacont ract a l esst hant heflui dvapourpressureandt heval veout l etpressurei sal sol ess t he flui dvapourpressuret hecondi t i oncal l edflashi ngexi st s. 82.Whendoyouuseaval veposi t i oner ?
I ft hedi aphragm act uatordoesnotsuppl ysuffici entf orcet oposi t i ont he val veaccurat el yandovercomeanyopposi t i ont hatflowi ngcondi t i onscreat ea posi t i onermayber equi red. 83.Gi vet woexampl esf orel ectr i cact uat or s.
Mot or ,Sol enoi ds. 84.Whati st heneedofI /Pconvert eri nacont r olsyst em?
I nsomeprocessl oopt hecont rol l eri sel ect roni candt hefinalcont rolel ementi s el ect roni cone.Toi nt erconnectt heset woweneedadevi cet hatshoul dl i near l y convert sel ect ri ccurr enti nt ogaspressure( 420mA315psi ) .suchdevi cei s cal l edI /Pconvert er . 85.Whyi nst al l edcharact eri st i csofacont r olval vei sdi fferentf r om i nherentcharact eri st i cs?
I nherentcharact eri st i csi swhi cht heval veexhi bi t si nt hel aborat ory condi t i onwheret hepressuredropi shel dconst ant .I nst al l edorr esul t ant charact eri st i csi st herel at i onshi pbet weenflow andst rokewhent heval vei s subj ect edt opressurecondi t i onsoft heprocess. 86.Expl ai nt hef unct i on ofpneumat i ctr ansmi ss i on l i nes.
Usedtot ransmi tt hei nputsi gnal si nt ost andardi nst rument ati onpneumati c out putsi gnal s( 3t o15psior20t o100KPa) . 87.Whati st hepur poseoffinalcont r olel ement .
Component sofacont rolsyst em ( suchasval ve)i susedt odi rect l yregul ates t heflow ofenergyormat eri al st otheprocess.I tdi rect l ydet ermi nestheval ueof mani pul atedvari abl e.
88.Whati smeantbycavi t at i onsi ncont r olval ve?
Whenal i qui dent ersaval veandt hest at i cpressureatt hevenacont ract a dropst ol esst hant heflui dvaporpressureandt herecover i ngt oaboveflui d vapourpressure,t hi spressurerecoverycausesani mpl osi onorcol l apseoft he vapourbubbl esf ormedatt hevenacont ract a.Thi scondi t i oni scal l ed cavi t at i on. 89.Whati s“equalper cent age”i nt heequalper cent ageval ve?
Forequali ncr ementofst em t ravelatconst antpressuredropanequal per cent agechangei nexi st i ngflow occurs. 90.Whatar ethecharacter i st i csofcont r olval ve?
I nherentcharacteri st i cs,I nstal l edcharact eri st i cs. 91.Di fferent i atei nherentcharact eri st i csandi nst al l edcharact eri st i cs.
I nherentcharact eri st i csi swhi cht heval veexhi bi t si nt hel aborat ory condi t i onwheret hepressuredropi shel dconst ant .I nst al l edorr esul t ant charact eri st i csi st herel at i onshi pbet weenflow andst rokewhent heval vei s subj ect edt opressurecondi t i onsoft heprocess. 92.Whati s“quackopeni ng”cont r olval ve.
Forsmal l ermovementoft hest em,t her ei smaxi mum flow rat e. 93.Whati s“Li near”cont r olval ve.
I fst em posi t i onvari esl i nearl ywi t hflow rat e,t heni ti sl i near . 94.DefineCont r olVal vesi zi ng.
Q=Cv. sqrt ( P/Sg) QFl ow rat e CvVal vecoeffici ent Ppressuredi fferenceacrossval ve. Sg-Speci ficgravi t yofl i qui d. 95.Nameanyonefinalcont r olel ement.
Cont rolVal ve. 96.Whati st hef unct i on ofcont r olval vei naflow cont r olsyst em.
