Technical English
Workbook
Technical
H,nglish Workbook
Pearson Education Limited
Illustratedby HL Studios
Edinburgh Gate Harlow Essex CM20 ZJE England
The publisher would like to thank the following for their kind permission to reproduce their photographs:
and Associated Companies throughout the world. www.pearsonlongman.com @ Pearson Education Limited 2008 The right of Christopher Jacques to be identified as author of this Work has been asserted by him in accordance with the Copyright,Designsand PatentsAct 1988. All rights reserved; no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior written permission of the Publishers First published 2008
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Acknowledgements
Cover design by Designers Collective
We would like to dedicate this book to the memory of David Riley, whose tireless professionalism contributed so much to its creation and success.
Project managedby David Riley
ISBN-I3: 97&14058-4557-l(book) ISBN-I3:97&1405&96542 @ook for pack)
The publishers and author would like to thank the following for their invaluable feedback,comments and suggestions,all of which played an important part in the development of the course: Eleanor Kenny (College of the North Atlantic, Qatar), Julian Collinson, Daniel Zeytoun Millie and Terry Sutcliffe (all from the Higher Colleges of Technology,UAE), Dr Saleh Al-Busaidi (Sultan Qaboos University, oman), Francis McNeice, QFoRoĘ France), Michaela Miiller (Germany),MałgorzataossowskaNeumann (Gdynia Maritime University, Poland), Gordon Kite (British Council, ltaly), WolfgangRidder (VHS der Stadt Bielefeld,Germany),Stella Jehanno (Centre d'Etude des Langues/Centre de Formation Supórieure d'Apprentis, Chambre de Commerce et d'lndustrie de I'lndre,France) and Nick Jones (Germany).
.-,
Unit 1 Action 1.1Teamwork Maintenanceequipment Givinginstructions Describinga seriesof actions lmoeratives Presentsimple 't.2Training Repońing Iobs in progress/comp|eted Presentcontinuousand presentpeńect Just a minute,Hang on. 1.3 Method Describinghow thingswork Asking questionsabout a robot Method:by + gerund
Unit 2 Work 2.1 Boutines Describingroutinesand currentactions Ta|kingaboutan organisationchań Presentsimple and presentcontinuous 2.2 Plans Statingplans and intentions Formulaein emails Future:Present continuous and going to 2.3 New job Readingand updatinga CV Revisionof tenses Word stress 12
Review Unit A
Unit 3 Comparison !' :.]aat !35rs arrnensionlimits j.:n;ra::i e adjectives Revision:4m wide: a width of 4m 1 5 3.2 Products Asking,offeringand checking Specifyingrequirements Modals: would, could, shall Pronouns:one, ones, Which one? 1 6 3.3 Equipment Comparing three or more items Comparatives and superlatives the -€st of; the mostlleast + adjective
Unit 4 Processes 1 8 4.1 lnfrastructure Talkingabout an infrastructureproiect Describinga process Presentsimple passive+ linkers:flrst 1 9 4.2 Manufacturing process Describinga manufacturing Presentsimple passive+ linkers: simultaneously 4.3 Communications Descriptionof a communicationssatellite Narratingeventsin space exploration Relativeclauses (non-defining): which,who 22
Review Unit B
Unit 5 Descńptions 24 5.1 Uses Describinguses or functionsof common objects Gerund:(used)for + verb + -ing lnfinitive:(designed)to + infinitive act as + noun:it acts as a propeller
25 5.2 Appearance Describing the shape and appearances of buildings ln the shape of two-lthree-dimensional adjectives: circular, conical 26 5.3 Definitions Giving a definition Defining refative clauses + wholwhichlthat Type nouns: device, system
Unit 6 Procedures 28 6.1 Safety Describing safety hazards, regulationsand procedures Modals + passive: must be removed 6.2 Emergency Recommendingemergencyaction Describingnecessity Revisionof zero conditional Modafs + passive:should be freed they/ themlth eirl theirs 6.3 Directions Followingand givingdirections Directionphrases: Go straightahead. 32
Review Unit C Unlt 7 Services
9.2 Sensors Talkingabout safety data for cars Explainingforces Safety ratings:marginal,acceptable Forces: bending forces 46 9.3 Positioning Explaininga lidarspeed gun Describing a radar control system. fndircct Mr- questions:how fasttlreyarc fling Discourse markers:ln other words
Unit 10 Forces 10.'l Properties Stating obiectives Descńbing propeńies of materia|s fndirect YeslNo questions: The aim is to find out if the plastic bends. 49 10.2Resistance Resistance to forces Marking stages of a presentation ProperĘ suffixes:-able Discourse markers:Let's move on to 10.3Results Explainingresults Describinga manufacturingprocess Resuft markers:'therefore Causative verbs:harden
34 7.1Technicalsupport Diagnosingcauses Review Unit E Suggestingsolutions Ta|kingabout ceńaintyand possibiIiĘ Unit 1'l Design Ceńainty/possibiIity:You mustlmay have 54 11.1Working robots checked ... Describingrobotsin industry Suggestions:Trydoing ... 35 7.2 Beportingto clients Roboticsterms:'feach-a nd-repeat' Repońing on work done 11.2Eco-friendlyplanes Layingout a businessletter Describingaeronautics Past simple passive:A lift was installed Describing an aeronauticalproiect Revision:expressingpurpose+ to Cause and effect+ presentsimple 36 7.3 Dealingwith complaints Needs anafysis + toolenough Sympathising'apo|ogising,offeńnga so|ution 11.3Free-flyingsails Repońing damage/fau|ts Marking stages of a presentation Describing damage: bent, crushed,cracked Advantages and disadvantages Formulaein letters:P/easedo not hesitate... Discourse markers:The aim of this talk is to ... Unit I Energy Formulaeand questionsin a presentation 8.1 Wave power Describingmovementand motion Unit l2Innovation Presentingtechnicalinformationorally rotary linear... 12.'l Zerc emission 39 8.2 Engines Explaining needs, problems and solutions Describingthe operationof an engine Reduced re|ative c|ause: pań of the power Describinga hybridcar produced by the engine Reference and cohesion: whlch referringto 12.2 Technological change a pnrase Describing simple machines 8.3 Cooling and heating Describing a historical process Noun families:reactor/reaction Defining refative clauses + that, which Describinga flow cycle Revision of physical changes: melt, freeze 60 12.3 Vehicle safety 42
Review Unit D
Unit 9 Measurement 44 9.1 Sports data Describingthe purposeof measuring instruments Using a serviceschedule A thermometermeasurestemperaturelis used for measuring temperature Describing frequency:every 24 months
Describing safety systems and sensors Present simple active
Review Unit F 64 Audioscript 70 Answer key
1 Teamwork Look at the pictures and complete the crossword puzzle. What is the vertical word?
2
Number the steps for refuellinga plane in the best order. ! S*it.t on the pump. ! eusn the nozzle into the fuel socket. I Drirr"the fuel tanker to the plane. ! eurnp fuel into the plane's fuel tanks. ! Cl"uttany spilled fuel off the plane. ! S*it.fr off the pump. ! Close the fuel flap. ! Ru.on" the fuel nozzle. ! Op".t the fuel flap under the wing.
3
Give these sentences the opposite meaning. Use words from 2, Section 1 on Course Book pages Ł5.
2
The car enters the pit lane. I The car leavee the pit lane, The driver opens the fuel flap.
3
Thev loosen the wheel nuts.
4
They raise the car off the ground.
5
Someone switches on the fuel pump.
6
They take off the old wheels.
1
They take away the old wheels. ,7
2 Training A trainee is phoning.the company cartridgeholder technician. He needs to change the ink cartridges on his printer. Complete the dialogue. A: Switch on the printer. B: I'veawitchedit on, A: Now lift up the lid. B: I'mliftinq it up now. A: Take out the old cartridges. B: I've them A: Now put in the new cartridges. B: I'm them A: Push the cartridges in firmly. B: I've them A: Now put down the lid and press 'Return'. 'Return'. B: I've A: Now wait. The printer will now do the ink charging. B: I'm I'm still -!Ah! I think it's finished. A: Good!Nowyoucan off the printer, or print a document. Write dialogues between a supervisor (S) and some trainees (I). Use the words in brackets and the checklists below. I S: @ow / get on?) Howare you qettinq on? T: (minute / alarm) Juat a minute,I'vetaken apartthe alarm. S: (check I yer?) Oood. Haveyou T: (not yet / do). No,notyet. l'm atill 2 S: @ow / work I go?) Howia tha workqoinq? T: @ang / still / clean) S: (put / yet) T: (yes / them) S: @ow / get on?) T: (minute / handles) S: (paint lV"t'tS T: (still / almost) S: (how / work I So?) T: (still / almost) S: (install lyet?) T: (not yet / next) Electrician f take apart alarm ! check the wiring
Mechanlc t] cleanspark plugs Z prt on new tyres
Painter f take off handles ! paint the doors
Computer technician E tit new hard disk ! install memory card
":'
3 Method 1 @
Listen to six dialogues.Write the dialoguenumber next to the device.
Atr
% D
c!
B!
L-rh*,
eE
IT.TE
3
l"t 2
lt lB
rE
H ffineceiver t'n*'Y
Complete the explanations about the devices in 1. Use the verbs from @ the box. Then listen and check your answers. activate activate attach carry deactivate pass plug press press protect stań stań stań switch tum turn
1 You atart the motor by preaeinqthis button. 2 A person coming near the house the motion sensor. 3 You it on by 4 The driver the engine by
on the light by
this button. the key in
the lock.
5 You 6
the charging process by adapter and switching it on. goods by The store
to them. 7 The sales person 8
over a scanner. A thief will
the strips by the alarm bv
betweenthe transmitterand receiver.
in the a magnetic strip
them unsold goods
3 Read the text about the robot in 8, Section 3 of the Course Book, page 9. Write questions for this interview with the inventor of the robot. 1 A: B: 2 A: B: 3A: B: 4A: B: 5A: B: 6A: B: 7A: B: 8A: B:
Howmuch It weighs less than 5 kilos. How It's onlv 508mm tall. By means of a sensor in its body. The camera. It's in the robot's head.
By using a computer. By means of a wireless receiver. It's in the box on its back.
4 Word list accelerator air pressure
camera
activate
chest
adjust
lift up pick up
blanket
cord
break
pullout
cockpit
device
detect
push in
driver
dial
insert
put down
emergencystop fire suit
fault
kick
put on
handset
locate
put together
flap
iPod
lower
strip off
front
laser beam
pump
switch off
fuel. gear lever
outboard motor
raise
switch on
plaster hole
repair
take apart
hose
receiver
replace
take away
mechanic
robot
servlce
nozzle passenger
sensor
signal
take off take out
suńace
spill
turn off
pit lane
technology
test
turnon
pit-stopcrew rear
ticket machine
touch
socket trainee
water valve
ahead
water heater
almost done hangon
away fonrard
Wre vtsor
immediately just a minute
sideways
wneer-gun
nearlyfinished
wheel-jack
one minute
wireless
upright
Tick the words and phrases that you remember from Workbook 1. Study the others. Complete the sentences with nouns from the Word list. Some alternatives are possible. 1 Loosen the nuts with the 2 Raise the of the car with the wheel-iack. 3 Adjustthe in the tvres. 4 Pull the cord on the to start the engine. you press 5 If see an accident ahead, the brake and do an
6 Push down the 7 Clean the a cloth.
8 If vou need hot water. turn on the 9 Tighten the safety belt across your
with your right foot. on the driver's helmet with
1 Routines Find these things in the pictures. a) crane
2
b) underwater pipe
c) fire drill
Write questions and answers about these people. What are they doing today? What do they usually do?
What ia Sven doinq today? He is repairing an underwater pipe. What,doee Sven ueuallydo? He trains sub-sea engineers. What is Hans doing today?
4 What does Hans usuallv do? 5
What is Eric doing today?
He checks the electrical equipment. Look at the organisation chart and answer the questions. Electricaldepartment
Drill crew
Deck crew
Driller Assistant driller Derrick man Pump man
1 Who reports to the Chief Electrician? The Electrician. 2 Who does the Chief Electrician report to? The Maintenance )upervieon 3 Who reports to the Assistant Driller? Who does the Roustaboutreport to? Who does the Pump Man report to? 6 Who does the AssistantDriller report to? 7 Who reports to the Crane Operator?
4 J
2 Plans Complete the dialogue using the verbs in brackets. Two crew members on land are talking on the phone. A: Have you heard the news? A maintenance team (1 go) is going out to the platform next Monday. B: What (2 do) ore they going fo do? They can't do any drilling the fire A: They (3 inspect) damage. B : Who (4 go) A: AII the supervisors and the maintenance supervisor. on the B: How long (5 stay)
platform?
by A: They (6 want / finish) (7 need inspect) the end of the week. They / all the machinerv and check all the electrical svstems. B: Then what? back and present their report. A: They (8 intend / come) goes repairs one or two If all well, they (9 hope / start) weeks later. Read the email from the Maintenance Supervisor. What does the company need to buy for repairs to the oil platform?
eo6
@ ffi-ffi* ..
Junk
T"f,
nnn R"p|vj{j*oŁ-_T5 R€ p v Al| Foff[q-_ ĘpĘ RcpĘ
R"J, s"t'",Yofr""'
"; Supervtsor From: PeterBoyle,Maintenance Beta2 Platform Subject:.l-.-P"i|'"to
forthe productsbe|ow. andfindsomesupp|iers oursiteVisit,p|easeinvestigate i:i:ł.' on Friday' meeting our before me to Pleaseemailthe productinformation andtools fortherepairwork'Thiswillstopwaste 1 We needto buysomeo""' tl*i b""'"rs fromfa|lingontoworkersbe|ow. . ^) ^..^),,^+.n+Łnl.|nt'aaes{row
':?,ii[T[tr$li.[i!"eq'i*o-q.:AY:,odvcot;a*aohpasesf rovw stń,Łab|e.ł thetr w ebsl.teiLs tyivs s)Lte,* personnel will prevent serious accidents to
nets' This 2 We need to buy some fbnw"'gYi""f"ty the repair crew can L damaged' we must make sure tne Rs height at working when "i'uour."
ort,awŁ awd {t*ss ałetuvtea;Lttwp Y,!#iI -^* awu ak o.sl,tp1LLes Ło{uŁtheseooweetv5ih,[ł^7*Laeiioesbe{ovtTrtda1.ł' Regards, Peter
Use Jay's notes from 2 to send an email reply from Jay to Peter. Use all the phrases from the box. As you are aware / Regards / Do let me know if / With reference to / Could you please / ! confirm that / Thanks for / | attach Example: Dear Teten Thankafor ... With referenceto ...
,,9:r::..
3 New job 1 E
Reaopart of a CY then listen to the interview.Completethe missing
sections and update some of the information. CurriculumVitae Personalinformation Surname/ First name(s)
Muti, Laura
Desired employment
(1)Computertechnician
(21 Work experience Dates
From -
Occupation or position held
Computertechnician
Main activities and responsibilities
Do computer upąradea; inatall goftware, memory carde, anti-virua ayeteme, etc,
to -
Do
@
Name and address of employer
Wiqąino?upporb Unit 12 DellyEnd InduetrialEetate Windeor
Typeof business or sector
Information Technoloqy
Reasonfor leavingpresenVlast employer
Wanteto moveto Swindon
Listen and write the questions.
1_
2 3 4 Write the words from the box on the correct lines. Then listen re and repeat. e|ectrical e|ectńcian e|ectriciĘ electron engine engineer mechanism occupation operator technical teehnician
lst syllablestressed: 2 2nd syllable stressed:electrical 3 3rd syllable stressed: I
mechanica|
4 Word list accident rate
casualty
appreciate
available
blowout preventer
catalogue
attach
aware
control room
conference
attend
electronic
deck
electron
confirm
fantastic
derrick
electronics
hesitate
grateful
emergency escape
engrneenng
inspect
heat-resistant
equipment
maintenance
intend
mechanical
heat shield
mechanics
introduce
technical
ladder
mechanism
maintain
underwater
oilplatform
sick leave
operate
rig
technology
plan
on duty
r"oon
off duty
request
onshore
saretydrill
Eil
ilactivity crane operator
business sector
run (=ssn6us1l
offshore
driller
CV
supervise
on leave
electrician
diploma
train
engineer
employment
participant
experience
roustabout
job title
safety officer
occupation
site manager
position
supervisor
qualification
technologist
responsibility
witness Find the best person for the activity. Choose jobs from column 1. I
2 3 4 5 t)
7
Crane operatoro operate the cranes. repair electrical faults. operate the drilling equipment. maintain and repair the pipes. conduct fire drills. plan all the work on their platforms. move heavy objects around the platform.
l1
Section 1
^6FB"dffi "ffi:t
1 Describe the pictures using the verbs in the box.
Dffi
X =W trffi Htr,,ź W ^pą 3 L
activate carry examine insert put step strip
raise receive replace
rotate run
I He'6 replacinqthe spark plugs. F
2 They 're carryinqsome batteries.K 3 She - the wheel. 4 They the generator. D
off the old paint. the alarm.
She
6 He ,7 a
a key. a trainingcourse.
She 8 She
I He 1 0 She l 1 He t 2 She 2
3
the car. on the alarm pad. on a fire suit. a mobile signal.
Find pairs of verbs that mean the opposite. Join them with a line. bring.out
loosen
switch off
raise
lower take away
put in
put on
take off
take out
switch on tighten
stań turn otf
Give instructions for changing a set of spark plugs. Use verbs from Exercise 2. 1 Drive the car into the garage and turn off the engine. 2 the bonnet of the car. 3 the first lead. 4 the old spark plug with a box spanner. 5 the old spark plug. 6 a new spark plug. 7 the new spark plug with a box spanner. 8 the first lead. Repeat steps 3-8 with
9 10
the other spark plugs.
the car bonnet. the engine and drive out of the garage.
Section 2 Read the article. Replace the numbered words and phrases with a word or phrase from 2, Section 3 of the Course Book, page 14. I poeition
2C_
3 p-i4e5q6t_ 7 b-s8s9 w-el0 j_ t_ 11 j_ d_ L2 i_ 13 e14a 15 r-
Looking for a New Job When you are lookingfor a new (1)job, you must preparea (2)document that you can send to possible companies.This contains (3)details about yourself, also your (4)schools and colleges that you attended. A company first needs to check whether you have the right (5)certificates and whether you spent time (6)learning how to do the iob after college. Preferably,you are already working in the same (7)area of work. lt also wants to know about your (8)abilities - for example, do you speak a foreign language, and can you use a computer? A company will study the record of your (9)work that you have done. For your present job, you must give the (10) exact name, and a (11) description of it. lf the company asks you to attend a (12) meeting, be prepared to answer questions about your present (13) company and your (14) work that you do. Mention if you supervise any staff, because employers appreciate people with these kinds of ('l5) duties.
2
Complete the body of this email with phrases from the box. This is also to let you know that / Do let me know if / I'd like to confirmthat / Kind regards/ Fońunate|y/ Thanks for / | wou|dappreciateit if you cou|d/ As you may know / | attach / | am sorry to tell you that / With regardto / (1) next week, (3)
(4)
(s)
your email. (2) the Safetv Conference I plan to attend. Sorry for the short notice. the PowerPoint slides that you requested. I'll email you the Executive Summary by Friday at
the latest.
(6) (7) (8)
Marco Burgos has been ill for the past month. he is going into hospital for an operation. his deputy, Pedro Granada, will take part in the Forum instead. (9) forward this email to the person responsible for printing the Conference Programme.
(10) (11)
you need any further information.
Kurt Brandt
l3
1 Limits 1
2
Read the text and answer the questions. Eurotunnel Freight runs rail freight services through the Channel Tunnel. Lorries are loaded onto wagons at one terminus and unloaded at the terminus on the other side. The train journey lasts 35 minutes. At € 4 00 for a one-way crossing, the price is higher than by ferry. Containers or unaccompanied trailers cannot be carried. Dangerous loads can be carried but not large, abnormal loads. However, there are advantages in using the tunnel. First, the journeys are quicker and loading and unloading takes less time. Train journeys are more frequent than ferry crossings. There are between three.and six departures per hour, compared with one per hour for ferry sailings.'Fi.nally,the trains are not affected by the weather, with 94 per cent of trains departing on time. In winter, fog and high winds can cause delays or cancellations of ferry services. Howeveą trains continue to operate below the Channel whatever the weather. 1 How long does the train journey take through the Channel Tunnel? 2
Which is more expensive, a crossing by tunnel or by ferry?
3
What kinds of loads cannot be taken through the tunnel?
4
What are two advantages of using the tunnel?
5
What is one disadvantage of using the ferry?
Complete the factsheet on maximum dimensions from the diagrams. Eurotunnelfreight
Ferryfreight
4.2m
4 . 8m 1 8 . 7 5m
(dependson ferry)
Eurotunnelfreight 1 Lorries must not be heauier than 44 tonnes. 18.75metres. 2 Lorries 4.2metres. 3 Lorries 2.6metres. 4 Lorries Ferry freight 5 The length/imifdepends on the individual ferry. for lorries on all ferries is 4.8 metres. 6 The for lorries on all ferries is 6.7 metres. 7 The for standard lorries is 44 tonnes. 8 The l4
2 Products 1
2
Match the words to the questions about ePhones. 1
dimensions
a) What is the diagonal distance across the screen?
2
weight
b) How long does it take to recharge the battery fully?
3
screen size
c) How much does it weigh?
4
capacity
d) How long does the battery last?
5
battery
e) What other things are in the specification?
6
charging time f) What are its measurements?
7
features
g) How many gigabytes does it have?
Complete Part 1 of a phone dialogue. A customer (C) is asking a sales clerk (S) about power boats. C: Hello. I'm interested in the Combo 150 and the Combo 200.
S: Right. (1) Would you
Sales Department, or (2) a catalogue? At this stage, I just need a catalogue.
OK. Could (3) Sure.It's McCredy.That's M little-Cbig-CR-E-D-Y. McCredy,initial B. Is (a) or -? B for Bravo.
And (5)
The Firs. Wvatt Avenue.
Could (6) Yes, it's W-Y-A-double-T. Wyatt Avenue,Dundee,Scotland.Postcode DD3 7NU. S: Would (7) C : DD3 7NU. S: And could I (8) C : Sure.01382458222. S: Fine.I'll get that in the post to you today. Complete Part2 of the dialogue. The customer (C) is placing an order. Use information from the table. Model
ProCraft Combo 150/200
Colour
blue/yellow;red/ cream
Fuel tank
50/70litres
Trailer (extra)
€460I525
Hello, I'd like to order a Combo power boat. I've seen your catalogue. (l) Which one would you like to order, the 150 or the 200? (2) The larger one, the 200 model. OK. What size fuel tank? The smaller size holds 50 litres and the larger one holds 70 litres. (3) . Which colours? We have a blue and yellow one in stock and a red and cream one. (4) . What about a trailer? We do a standard one at € 4 60. or we do a heavier one at ę525. (5) . 15
3 Equipment Read the quiz and circle your answers. Then listen and check. GM I How far away is the nearest star? a) 3.46
c) 4.36 light years away.
b) 4.24
How deep is the deepest part in the world's oceans? a) 6,742metres
b) 8,213 metres
c) 10,911metres
On the Mohs scale of mineral hardness, which of these materials is the hardest? a) silver
b) glass
c) iron
Which of these gases is the least common in the atmosphere? a) oxygen
b) hydrogen
c) nitrogen
What was the hottest temperature on Earth, recorded in 1922? a) 49'Celsius
b) s3'Celsius
c) 58' Celsius
What was the coldest temperature on earth, recorded in 1983? a) -78' Celsius b) -89' Celsius c) -97'Celsius
Listenand completethe sentences. 2 EE I The neareststar is called Alpha Centauri. It's and can be seen from the southern 2 3
4
3
I
hemisphere. probe to the deepestpoint Aship sent down an on the seabed at a place called the Marianas Trench in the The Mohs scale of mineral hardness .tt rangesfromtalc,whichis-onthescale,todiamond,which is-.Silveris-ofthethreemateriaIsandglassis The of these three gases is nitrogen. Hydrogen is than oxygen and is of these three gases.
Read the headings in the specification table for four luxury yachts, then delete the wrong answers below. NAME
cosr
Alysia
LENGTH
TOP SPEED
MAX GUESTS
NO. OF CREW
$ 1 1 6 . 7 m 85.3m
33kph
36
34
Oceanco 702
$ 1 1 1 . 8 m 82m
35kph
12
28
O'Mega
$64.1m
82.6m
30kph
32
Sherakhan
$55.4m
69.8m
1Okph
26
1 Sherakhan is the (most / /easf) expensive of the yachts. 2 Oceanco 702is (as expensiue as / not os expensiue as) Alysia. The second longest yacht is (Sherahhan / O'Mega / Oceanco 702 / Alysia). Alysia is the (fastest/ second fastest/ slowest) of the yachts. (More / Fewer) guests can stay on O'Mega than on Alysia. There are (fewer / more) crew members per guest on Alysia than on Oceanco 702.
I
I;' I
1
16
4 Word list 4x4
catalogue
board
classic
acceleration
coin
cancel
coal-fired
cab
hire
complain
external
clearance
mode
cruise
normal
combination
nanometre
idle
portable
consumption
nanotube
tow
rapid
cruising speed
nuclear power
rechargeable
diesel
propeller
standard
dimension
purchase
unleaded
fleet
recommendation
-
idle speed
strength
!tatrrtlzrt:trt
luggage
tender
tltNtl--
performance
transistor
petrol
f
weakness
better
roof rack
wingspan
best
steel rim wheel
world record
worse
ffi
I tlt *:-
THLf ttz-:ltrtttvtL-
storage capacity
worst
trailer
fańher
van
farthest
vehicle
fuńher
wheelbase
fuńhest
more most less least 1
Label the parts of the vehicle with words from the Word list.
t7
1 Infrastructure 1 EE Listen to the interview about Stage2 of the High-SpeedRail Link. Write down the details. Channeltunnelopens: London St Pancras Rail Link Stage 1 opens: Rail Link Stage2 opens: London-Paris (2002): hours London-Paris (2007): hours w.t"rl"o Ashfo;\c. D9vfl Stage2 took-years. Manpower: hours - ChannelTunnelRailLink, Numberof tunneldrills used: sectron1 @ cost per drill: S Cost: S - ChannelTunnelRail Link, section2 A train travels through kms of tunnels - Existingrouteto Waterloo and over bridges. 2 rcE Listen and circle the words and phrases that you hear. 1 You must be very pleasedwith the successfulcompletion/ success and completion of the project. 2 The French built their high-speedlink 30 months / 13years ago and now we've just finished ours. 3 Eurostar/ First-classtrains can now travel at a speed of up to 298kph / 148mph. 4 The twin-bore/ twin-coretunnels pass under seven miles of service / surface railway track. 5 Did you use a tunnel / funnel drill like the ones / one in this photo? 6 The rock around / ground under London was so hard that we bored / wore out six of them. 7 It means/ seems we spent SI7 I 570million on drills. 3 Use the words and the verbs in the box to completethe text about antifreeze. finally first next at this stage then antifreeze
increase open pour prevent screw unscrew use use
Antifreeze (1)
to prevent the water in the radiator from building up in the from freezing.Rust (2) radiator system by the use of antifreeze. Also, the boiling point of
the water in the cooling system (3) (4) the bonnet of the car (5) (6) the cap to the reservoir (7) (8) the antifreeze (9) reservoir.(10) a funnel (11)
reservotr
l8
to avoid spilling antifreeze onto the car. (12) after pouring in the correct amount, the cap (13) back on.
into the
2 Manufacturing 1 The pictures show the stages of mantrfacturingice cr€am. Match them with the speech bubbles.
Weheatthemixto 82' Cto killoff bacteria. (1).Thenwe coolthemix rapidlyto 4' C. Ticture
Herewe Vackthe ice areamin tubs and Vut it into a blast,freezer at -5O' to -4O' C. 9o wefreezethe tubo of ice creamt o makethem harder. Ticture
Herewe Vumpthe mixthrouqha epecialbarrelfreezer.WewhiVa lot of Uv to hał airinto it atthe gamet,ime. the volumeof ice creamis air. Ticture
Hereweweiqhall the ingrediento and mixthemtoqetherin |arąe tubo.Weuse cream,milkand ouqarto makeice cream. ?icture I
Weadd flavouroand coloursto the mix. Ticture Hereweadd any fruito, nuts or biscuit'pieceo to the semi-frozen mixture. Ticture
2 Write a description of the manufacturingprocess, using the passive. Use the linkers from the box. One of them is placed in the middle of a section.
Firct,aII the ingredients are weĘhed and mked togetherin large tubs. Cream, milk and sugar are used to make ice cream.
= = .: ,,''l I
3 Communications 1 Write the numbers of the satellite parts next to the descriptions in the text. Each satellite has a frame or bus (/0), which is strong enough to hold everything together. All satellites need a source of electrical power. This comes from solar panels However,these do not work when the satelliteis in shadow,on the side of the Earth away from the Sun. Therefore a ring of rechargeable batteries (-) is installed. All the satellite'ssystems are monitoredand controlled by a computer (-). All satellites have antennas,which receive radio wave information from the ground (uplink) and transmit radio wave information back to Earth (downlink) (-). The antennas ( ) are connected to the radio (-) on the satellite. Satellites are controlled by the ground-control crew in many ways. They can change the satellite's orbit by firing the main rocket (-) or request information. All satellites have an attitude control system, which controls the positioning of the satellite.For example,the side with the solar panels may need to face the sun. Or the side with the camera or antennasmay need to face the Earth. Pufferjets ( ) use gas from a pressurisedtank ( ) to changethe attitudeof the satellite. Satellites carry items of equipment that 'listen, speak, see and touch'. In addition to radio antennas,they may carry a telescopeor camera,a thermometeror sensors. What do these words in the text refer to? Underline your answers. I which Qine l) a) satellite b) bus 2 This Qine 3) a) electrical power b) frame 3 these Qine 4) a) solar panels b) satellites 4 which Qine 10) b) antennas a) satellites 5 They Qine 15) a) ground-control crew b) ways 6 which (ine lQ a) attitude b) attitudecontrol system 7 that Qine 22) a) items b) equipment Join these pairs of sentences.Use who or which. I
The first artificial satellite was a metal ball. It measured I metre across and weighed 83 kg. 2 It had four long antennas.These sent radio signals back to Earth. 3 The first creature in space was a dog called Laika. It spent ten days in orbit in 1957. 4 In 1968,Apollo 8 sent photos back to Earth. It orbited the Moon. 5 The first man on the Moon was Neil Armstrong.He landed there in 1969. 6 The first tourist in space was a man called Mark Shuttleworth.He paid $20 million for his trip. 7 Two Mars Rovers sent back information about the planet to Earth. They landed in 2003. Example: 1 Thefirat arbificial eatellite wae a metal ball,whichmeaaured 1metre a;roaa and weiąhedB5 ką,
4 Word list
belt
air conditioning
deliver
chute
communications satellite
assembly line
drill
conveyor belt
digital TV card
body shop
grip
cutter
feed horn
bonnet
strengthen
cutter face
frequency
bumper
supply
drill
high frequency
chassis
transpoń
hydrauliccylinder
low frequency
chassis line
weld
manpower
orbit
component
propeller
PC monitor
drive shaft
scoop
satellite dish
laser guide
steel shoe
transmitter
oil drain plug
finally
tooth/teeth
TV station
oil fillercap
first
paint shop
lastly
panel shop
meanwhile
convert
roller
next
display
rust
now
extract
suspension
rightside up
process
transmission
simultaneously
reflect
trim line
then
rusty
upside down
1
Cover the table. Make compound nouns from the words in the boxes, conveyor \ drive hydraulic drain assembly air filler
2
\ \
\
cap line cylinder shaft
\o.rt
conditioning ptug
laser paint PC satellite feed communications DTV
card monitor horn satellite dish shop quide
Write adve rbs from column 4 on the correct line. At the beginning: first,
After this: At the same time: At the end:
21
Section 1 1
Complete the dialogue between a car salesman (S) and a customer (C). Make comparisons between the two cars. 1000
r300
Engine size
1.0litre
1.3 litre
Top speed
155 kph
170 kph
Acceleration
0 - 1 0 0k p h :1 5 . 7s e c o n d s 0 - ' 1 0 0k p h :1 1 . 5
Fuel tank capacity
40litre
50litre
Fuel consumption(combined)
18.5 km/litre
16.5 km/litre
S : The 1300is quite a bit (1) faater(fast)than the 1000. C : Yes, but doesn't it use (2) morepetrol? S: Sure,the fuel consumptionon the 1300is a little bit (3)
(hish).
C: S: C: S:
(often). So, I'll have to fill up with petrol (4) fuel In fact, the 1300 has a (5) tank. Qarge) (6) (large)? How much It holds l0litres (Q than the 1000.So that evens (great) acceleration. So thingsout.The 1300has (8) (safe),because you can overtake (10) it's much (9) (fast). (powerful) engine, I suppose. C: Because it's got a (11) (good) value for money. S: Of course,The 1300is (12) quite (expensive). You see, C: But it's a bit (13) the 1300is (14) 513,000,and I want to spend (15) than510,000. So the 1000will be (16) (good) for my budget.
2
Complete the left-handside of the leaflet about post sizes.
1 Letter: lf your item fits inside the blue area, i.e. is /ess fhan 240mm x 165mm,is no thickerthan Smm and weighs under 1009, it is classed as a Letter. 2 Large Letter: lf your item fits inside the area, i.e. weighs 7509, it is classed as a Large Letter. 3 Packet: lf your item fits inside the area, 353mm x 250mm or is 25mm and weighs -7509, it is classed as a Packet.
22
2 Large Letter (353mm x 250mm max)
1 Letter(240mmx 165mmmax) cmm ma( PI*CE CORNER OF ITEMHERE
Section 2 1
Put the verbs in brackets into the passive and fill in the missing words. How corrugated cardboard is made.
Jorrugatedcardboard corrugated medlum
I e-cuttingtool
Dle-cuttingblank
Large rolls of papeĘ (I) which weigh about 2.7 tonnes, (2 transport) are transported from the paper mill to the cardboard packaging factory. Here they (3 load) into is one end of a huge machine called a corrugatoa (4) paper (5 press) 91 metres long. One roll of are heated between two heavy corrugating rollers, (6) this (7) steam to a temperature of 185' C. (8) -, between two other corrugated paper (9 glue) layers of papeą called liners. At the end of the machine, the roll by slitting of corrugated cardboard (10 trim) into large sheets called wheels and (11 cut) blanks. (12) -, the cardboardblanks (13 feed) prints the product into a printing machine, (14) information and the manufacturer's name. After the printing process, some batches of cardboard (15 wax) (16) make them water-resistant. Die-cuttingis a process which cuts a cardboard blank into the a die-cuttingtool (18 make) required shape. (17) -, out of a flexible base and sharp raised lines of onto a roll in a rotarv diesteel. This (19 fit) cutting machine. Cardboard blanks (20 feed) into one end of the machine and pieces of cardboard (21 cut) out of the blanks by the die-cutting tool. (22) together and the blanks (23 band) (24 transport) to the customer.
Answer these FAQs about satellites. Write full sentences using the passive. 1
How do we put satellites into orbit? a) location: round the Earth b) method: rockets 9atellitee are put into orbit.round the Earth by rockete.
2
How do we provide electricity on a satellite? a) method: cells b) location: solar panels
3
How do we change a satellite's orbit? a) method: rocket b) location: base of the satellite
4
How do we collect weather pictures all over the world? a) method: dozens of satellites b) location: in orbit
5
How do satellites transmit weather photos? a) destination: back to Earth b) method: radio signals How do we use images from survey satellites? a) method: computer b) purpose: to update maps
23
1 Uses Rewrite the sentences, using the word(s) in brackets. Chisels cut out pieces of wood. (are for) Chisela are for cutting out piecee of wood. Jump leads carry an electrical current from a charged battery to a flat one. (used) Carburettors mix fuel with air. (designed) The two thick fins at the rear of the ship are like stabilisers. (act as) Lightning conductors carry electricity down the side of a building in a thunderstorm. (designed) The impeller on a jet ski is like a propeller. It pushes the craft through the water. (act as ... and )
I 2 3 4 5 6 2
Read the sentences. Write the sentence numbers in the correct columns. A Uses for a net
B Uses for a sheet
C Uses for a tyre
1, 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 3
24
You can use it to provide shade. You can split it and use it as a water dish for chickens. It can be used for protecting fruit from birds. You can use several of them to catch falling objects on a building site. You can cut it up and make rubber shoes from it. You can carry tools in it. They can act as weights to keep down a large plastic cover. You can use it to climb a tree. It can be used for containing luggage loads in a plane. It can be used for protecting food from flies. Three of them placed vertically can act as a growing-pot. You can use it to prevent chickens from flying away.
Write your own sentences for the pictures in your exercise book.
Seueral of them ...
You can ..
Youcan.
Seueral of them .
You can .
It can .
2 Appearance 1 śB
Listen to the descriptions.Write the description number next to the right picture.
2 śE
Listenand write notesaboutthreeof the buildingsin Exercise1. Building A
Building C
Building D
City Country Type of building Year completed Architect (1) (l) A person who designs a building
3
Match the adjectives in the box to the nouns. circular conical cubic cylindrical dome-shaped hemispherical rectangular semi-circular spherical square triangular Nouns 1 triangle
Adiectives
two-dimensional (2D) three-dimensional (3D)
triangular
2 cone 3 rectangle 4 cylinder 5 semi-circle 6 dome 7 hemisphere 8 circle
circular
9 square 10 cube 11 sphere
4 EEt Are the words in 3 two-or three-dimensional? Tick the correctbox. Then listenand check.
25
3 Definitions 1 Match the products with the sentences.
The Ultrasonic Distance Meter is portable; it allows you to measure large rooms. 2 The Zoomba Vacuum Cleaner is rechargeable; it cleans floors automatically. 3 The Garage Parking Sensor fits to your garage wall; it helps you to park safely. 4 The Ticko mini helicopter is radio-controlled;it flies for up to 10 minutes. 5 Street Gliders are two-wheeled; they fit on the heels of your shoes. 6 The Extendable Window Cleaner extends up to 3.5 metres; it allows you to clean high windows from the ground. 'which'. 'that' Rewrite the sentences in 1 using the words or 1
sensor system
tool
instrument
device
toy
robot
which
that
The Ultraeonic Dietance Meter ie a portable instrument which alloweyou to meaeure lar7e roorne.
I
2 3 4 D
6 3
Write sentences using the words and phrases in the box. around
at the top
A sales person is An inventor are Entrepreneurs lnvestors The lnternet Websites Technicians
26
at the bottom people a person someone systems a system
from that who which
into
out of
through
service and repair equipment. allow you to access and download information. takes an order. designs new devices. put money into a new business. connects PC users and websites. set up new businesses.
4 Word list circle
calculate
adjuster
absorb
cone
conduct
alarm pod
adjust
cube
contain
appearance
beep
cylinder
generate
assistance
consist
dome
propel
bass amplifier
design
hemisphere
receive
bend
download
rectangle
stabilise
booster car seat
invent
semi-circle
transmit
bridge (boat)
navigate
capsule
relay
calculator
dashboard
submerge
conductor
disaster victim
container
dolphin
audible
generator
entrepreneur
digital-sonar
circular
propeller
helm unit
overboard
conical
receiver
hull
ultrasonic
cubic
stabiliser
hydrophone
visible
cylindrical
transmitter
inventor
sphere square
f,
triangle
dome-shaped
junction
automatically
H-shaped
link
basically
hemispherical
carburettor
moisture
rectangular
chain
ocean liner
semi-circular
chisel
onion
spherical
clamp
profit
square
jump lead
skyscraper
triangular
ladder
soup bowl
protractor
surfboard
skewer
transducer tag tape torque wrench tripod wedge
Circle 16 words that were in the text about the LifeGuard system for rescuing men overboard. Then check your list with the text in 5, section 2 of the Course Book, page 55.
27
tililE 1 Safety Match the sentence halves. I Heavy crates are lifted
a) to pallets.
2
b) by hand trucks.
3 4 5 6 7 2
Storage boxes are stacked Light pallet loads can be moved
c) at once.
Cylinders must be strapped Aisles have to be kept clear
d) by fork-lift trucks.
Chemical spills need to be cleaned up Blockages must be removed
D on shelves. g) of rubbish.
e) by specialist safety staff.
Complete the safety regulations for forkJift trucks. Use the modals and the passive form of the verbs in brackets, with nof if necessary. 1
All forkJift trucks should be maintained (should / maintain) by a specialist contractor.
Safeoperatinginstructions each type of forkJift truck.
Unqualified operators
4
fork-lifttrucks. Vehicles
enginerunning. 5 Trucks 6
areas with the brakes on. A battery-powered truck the end of each working day.
(should / provide) for (should / allow) to drive
(must / Ieave)unattendedwith the (need / park) overnight in designated (need / put) on charge at
7 A truck 8
3
(must / take) on the highway without the warehouse manager's permission. Levels of oil, water and antifreeze (need / check) at the start of each working day.
Rewritethe Safetyofficer's notes for a fire evacuationprocedure.
lf you hear the fire alarm: 1 if you hear etc. - stay calm If you hear the fire alarm, atay calm. 2 when fire alarm sounds - building evacuated
immediatelyMUOT!
3 / stop work + switch off machines 4 X stop + gather personal belongings
5 X use lift 6 X re-enter building - Fire Officer gives all-clear
28
2 Emergency Write sentences for a diving safety manual, using'must' or'should'.
3
If a diver's position is not known, it's necessary to locate them immediately. If a diver'apoeition ia not known,they muat be located immediately. If a diver is trapped underwateĘ we recommend freeing them with a knife. lf a diver ie trapped underwater, they ehould be freed with a knife, If a diver's oxygen is low, we recommend providing an extra air cylinder.
4
lf a casualty is not buoyant, we recommend inflating their wetsuit.
5
If a casualty is slightly injured, we recommend giving first aid in the boat.
6
If a casualty is not breathing, it's necessary to carry out artificial respiration at once.
7
lf,a casualty is seriously injured, it's necessary to phone the rescue services.
1 2
2
Read the interview about cave diving. Complete the notes below. lnferviewer: Whot'sit likecove divingin the UK? Divel:|t,snothing|ikedivingin Mexicoor Fronce.Foro stoń the woterisveryco|d,ond you con'i see onyihingbecousethereis so much soilin the woter.Also,the coves here ore smollond nonow,so you shouldn'totlochyouroir bottleto yourbock. lf you do, you'll get stuck! |n|erviewer: So how do you gel stońed? you need to hovethe rightequipmentforcove diving,Youshouldweoro Diver:First, helmetond o wetsuit; it'sthinnerthono drysuit. Youshouldolsotokethickdirectionlines, you get so 4-ó mm thickness isthe minimum. don,t |ostunderwoter, Inlerviewer: ls it o good ideo to dive witho buddy,I meon onotherdiver? Diver:No,you shouldneverdo thot.Youcon'tsee them ond theymoy get in the woyor fromthe londownerbefore blockyourexit.And one morething:olwoysoskpermission you visito cove on theirproperiy.
3
Rewrite this article on'buddy breathing'. Change the male/female forms to they / them / their / theirs. 'Buddy breathing' is a system of sharing one cylinder of air between two divers. Sometimes you still have air left in your tank at the end of a dive, At this point, you give but your partner has none in (1) his/hers -. (2) him/her your face mask to breathe through. After (3) he/she has the taken a breath, (4) he/she passes mask back and you take a breath. You continue this while you both ascend. Buddy breathing is for emergencies. You should manage your own air supply, and your buddy should manage (5) his/hers 29
3 Directions EE I 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Completethe directions. Co etraiahltaheaaat the crossroads. Turn lelt at the At the roundabout,take the At the roundabout,go down the slip road and the station car park and turn left. Take the on your lelt. Tum right at the
2 EEI Listen to two sets of telephonedirections,which start at Point X on the map. Follow the routes and find the destinationson the map. Directions 1:DestinationA / B / C / D (circle) Directions 2: DestinationA / B / C / D (circle)
!
! turi"rotr. 3 Write email directions starting at Point Y on the map, like the examplein 3, Section 3 of the Course Book, page47.Explain how to get to the BMG office in the Swindon Business Park on the map (Point D). Thankyou for Swindon Business Park.
30
4 Word list aisle belongings
attend to oxygen
attract
blockage
gantry
chemicalspill
Iak€
authońse handle inflate
sketch ńap ańificia| r€spiration handtruck
slaproad traffic lights
liquid
resuscitation
pallet
casualty
turning
first aid available
safety issuÓ
buoyafit
shelf
calm
sr/ggest
lovel
1 Cover the Word list and comoletethesecomooundnouns,Then check. aro 6 respiration 2 diver resuscitation 7 J issue 8 spill position 4 9 suit procedure 5 l0 truck 2
Use verbs from the Word list in their corrcct lorms to comDletethe sentences. I First, the diving trainer managedto the missingdiver 2 Then we the casualty. 3 Then we managedto attentionby soundingour alarm. 4 Finally,they our boatback to the port. 5 The report a new system of safetyprocedures. 6 The managerhas the purchaseof new fire extinguishers. 7 Gas cylinders must to the pallet. 8 Don't the handtruck! 9 Cratesmustnot morethanthreehigh. l0 Those boxes must carefully.They contain glass. 11 Tyresmust to the correct pressures.
3t
ilr
Section1 1 Underlinethe correct spelling and w te the word in the space. penerator I generater 4enerarar 2 transmitor transmitter 3 carboretter carburettor protracter 4 protractor 5 stabilizer stabilizor 6 conducter conductor 7 reciever propeller I propelor 2 Match the devices with their exDlanations. I V-belt a) Triangularin shape,this supports the sloping roof of 2 U-bolt a house. 3 T-junction b) A steel device for attachinga cycle to street furniture. 4 U-bend O A fitting that goes on a shaft. 5 A-frame d) A tool for liring a machine lirmly to av/orkbench. 6 Dlock e) A fitting\,r'itha plate and two bolts, used a lot on boats. 7 G clamp l) A water trap which preventssmells from coming out of a 8 E{lip waste pipe. This drives things like the fan and water pump in a car. h) A rectangularpipe fittingwhere twd pipes meet. 3 Read the article about a new anti-collisionsvstem.Underlinethe best words/ Dhrases,Then check vour answers. U!ti1 now' ships' radŻr anti collision Śystems (Acs) have only (l) transported / operdled over greater distances. They have been (2) ubLe / lnablc to track ships closer than about 4.8 kilometres. Exisring ACS (3) infonnatian / equipnent is difficult to operate,and rcquircs a sepuate (4) display / ilJ.n,!€ ł l
and lalge amountsof space'
Now m inventorhas developeda new ACS. Its radar system c^n (5) lletect/ heasurc rargetsat short and long distances. The system can be Drodfied tfuough its computer ro can], out extra (6).fuł.t'ons / dineflsio\ls. For example' the (7) lrażsnliftet / disP|ay can show map lines with shipping channe]s neal a port. Also, it c.n be (8) p,ogranned / calculated b ignore targets inside certain areas. The n€ w Acs (9) .ołla'lJlcoll'i's'J ofa display screetr.a computet |wo sels ofswitches and a joystick. Informationfron the radar systemis displayed.as nomal, on adisplay screen.A first set of switches instructsthe computer to produce data for display on the screen. Each of the first set of switches is (10) labell1l ..ilh /.nfutĆhetlto a name or abbreviationwhich describes the f'unction.A second set of switcbcs (l]) 1re4.J/ Ćo'tlrob a second set of functions through the cornpulcrprogam ' Also. lhe ship.s own position can be mov€ d from the centreof thc screen (I2) via / b)" s orlhe joysńck' "rca
Section2 Completethe safety manualabout the transport of explosives.Use the verbs from the box in the passive.or in the past participle form, with or without noa. Sentences1-6: at|owcarryconveńdisp|ayinspect |ockrequiretowtranspońuse Sentences7-i 1: authońseavoidcarry carryout carryout leaveloadloadpermit reluelsecure turnoff Dangerous goods - tran5poń nequirements lor exp|osives 1 Expfosaves(must)mustbe trcnsportedin metalboxes with a woodeninner liner.The load (must)except when loadingor unloading. 2 Trailersby passengervehicles(must)transoońexoIosiVes' 3 EXPLOSIVESsigns (must)-
to
on all tour sides of the vehicle.
4 A firc extinguisher
No smoking-
within6 metres
of the vehicle. 5 The vehic|e (must)-
to transpoń explosives and (must)
6 Emergencyequipment(threetriangu|arsigns,threepońab|ef|ashing lights)(must)-. 7 Up to 500 detonators(may) The detonators(must)vehicle,at least2 metresaway.
with up to 250 kg of explosives. in a separatecompańmentof the
8 Night-time dńving-.
ifthis
I A parkedvehicleunattended.
with explosives(must)
10 Populatedareas(should)(should) 11 Refuelling -
by thetransportsupervisor
whereverpossible. beloretheexplosives
vehic|e(haveto) -during the tńp, this (shou|d) the most isolated place available. with the engine
lfa
in
Find the route (driving on the left) from Gate A of the port to the mine. Write an email giving directions to the lorry driverExafipie: Leave the part py Oe@ A. You il came tÓ a cro1Óraaa9' TDrnleft et Lhe cra1.roadg.
1 Technical support 1 Match the nouns and thelr definitions.
I 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
attachment O browser tlrewall b) lP address(r) password O potrup resolutionsetting d) securitysetting wlreless e)
an advert that suddenly appearson a screen without you searchingfor it a connectionbetweena computer and the Internetvia radio waves the set of numberswhich identifies every computer on the Internet you can lock this on your computer to stop other users from changingit a series of letters or numbers that you type into a computer in order to use it D softwarethat allows you to access websiteson the Internet a network security system used to restrict external and internal traJfic h) you can change this to make images Iargeror smaller,or in colour i) something that you send with an email,e.g.a document
For each printer problem,write a diagnosis(D) and suggesta solution (S), using the guide words. Referto the languagebox on Course Book page53. 1 The printer always prints in colour. Diagnosis: you haae definitely checked the 'Colour' box. Suggestion:check the 'Black' box Examplei You nust haveaheakeĄthe'Colour' bax. Try aheckin?the 'Elaak' bax. 2 The printer is using a lot of ink. D: perhaps you cheched the 'Fine' box on the Ptint Quality menu. S: check the 'Draft' box on the menu 3 The LED lights on the printer don't come on. D: it'spossible thefe is o loose connection s: unplug the pńnter, plug it in apąin 4 The pagescome out blank,without any p nt. D: it's certain the ink caflridge is empty.S: check the le,el of inh remaining 5 There are gaps on the printed page. D: the print head nozzles haDeprcbably become dirty, s: cleąn the print head nozzles 6 Pages are print€ d ln the wrong order. D: you haDe definitely cheched ńe Automatic' box on the Paper Handting menu. S: check the 'Re,e$e' button on the menu
u
T 2 Reporting to clients 1 Put the verbs in brackets lnto the passive.Then match the sentencehalves.
I
Design-and-Build was oppointed
3 A lalse ceiling (construct) 4 The covered walkway
5 Fourindoortenniscourts
(extend)on two storeys 9 A single-storeyeńension
l f ;2 -:3 2
-;4
-;5
-;6
a) to allow wheelchair access. b) to provide all-weatherpractice facilities. c) to provlde extra Iivingspace. d) to provide an 'at home' office nearby, e) to enlarge the kitchen and dining area. to supervise the project from start to finish. to hide electricalwińng and pipework, to link the main building to the classrooms. to provide disabled access to the upper floors.
-;7
-;8
-;9
Rewritethe draft email as a covering letter to a client.Set out your letter like the examplein 5, Section 2 of the Course Book, page 55..
Ann, Pls willyou drafta letterto our clientat Nilssonincludingthe details be|ow.Enc|osea print-outof our repoń,whichI am sendingyou as an attachment.l'll be in the officeon Monday.Thanks. HerbertRitr, ProjectManager Client:MrTomBerghaus, Nilssonplc Contactdetails:Unit 38 WestBusinessPark,SwindonSN42 6BH Subject:Quotation:Extensionat Swindonoffice Letter:Thanksfor your letterof 3l Jan 08, invitingus to prepare quotationfor aboveproject, We visitedthe site on l2 Feb 08 + took measurements & ohotos. Enclosereport,plusoutlineplansand quotation. Ourfees:agreedon a job-by-jobbasis;can be a fixedsum/ an hourly ratel a % of projectcost. No chargefor initialvisit andquotation. lf needto discussdetailsof repon,don't hesitate,etc. Kindregards, Yours,etc.
3 Dealingwith complaints Listen to the phone dialoguefrom a customerwith a complaint. !S Comoletethe Comolaint Form. 1O.45 2OOA/O2/25
DateandrimeoIcall
of goods Description
a reptacearepatr A rehtnd a reduce Cuslomerresponse Aacrep! ll rcject
EE I:-
Match six dialoguesto six ol the damagedarticles. 2: +5:6l 3:-
c
D
E
G
H
Reply to a letter of complaint,using the phrases in the box. abod / How€voi / |am pl€as€d to informyou/ |am so.ryto h€r cornp|aining Iapologiseforthe inconvenience / in stock/ purciase pdce / Plsesedo nothesitate Thankyoufor / Unforlunateiy'/ Yourssinc€rc|y' / a fu||tefund Dear Ms Jensen,
(r)
your leiter of 28th FebiuarTr the poPtable TT with 18 mln-wiale screen Lhat you purchased at our Etore. (5) that the loft-hand side of the case was cracked and that the screen was broken. (4) -. we do not have any slmilar Tl/s (5) as this model is
(a)
h^ ]^nd.r
m'rl.
/A\
(ż\
of the (9) (ro) this has caused, especially since you took it vrith you on holiday expecting to use it. (rr) to contact me if you have any quedes about the refund. we wi]l give you (8)
(re)
Tom Bqrars Stoae Ma,nager 36
4 Word list
attachm€nt
beam CCTV canera
conn6ctlon
admit detall
apologiao
c|ańf|cat|on
crush
clisnl
dsal (wlth)
contractor
lault
d€t.oy jam
diagno6is
parirchut€
foni
fir€walI
skyscrap€r
imag€
smokodotector
9estur€ goodwill
lP addross purchasg
monitot appolnt pop-uP
oxpand
regolutionsetting
monitor
securily setting solution
comprcSs
retund
query split l€ d uction
summałB6
retund blank
r€palr
friendly
rcplacernent
helptul
suńac€
imprac'tical
sympathy
unfońunat6|y in addition
disconnoct l.eez€
po|it€
inteńer€ (with)
śructuń|
in stock
log (into) reboot
comp|etethe steps in the complaints procedur€ , usingvelbs flom co|umn4' I Don't fault at the start. the details of the complaint on the computer 3 the problem to the customer. 4 to the customer for the inconvenience, 5 a discount off the nexl purchase,or the faulty article with a new one, or 7 the purchase price in full. 8 the next complarnt.
3?
iltilIr
Wave power Co.plet" the table.Then listen and check your answers. EE Types of motion:oscillating/ rotary / leciprocating / linear
Typeot
lanear
Examp|€ s of
2
pistons
Listen to a presentationabout waterjetting.Underlinethe phrases EE that you hear. 1 oul rangeof pumps operatesd) Ćompressions b) ąt pressuresfuoń 70 to 2
7
Pumps can operate to a maximumflow r a1eoI a) 773 litrespet minute b) 73 lites per second. Diesel units are available as d) srte b) slAe l.lailerc ot a) road tailers b) hose traders. standard electric units can be mountedon oJ słli's b) słls or trailers. our accessory range includes hoses,oJ nofz.es ó) socłets,guns and a) tootballs b) foot oalDes. These allow a, ,re operationb) the operafolto shut off the water jet with their footHoses rangefrom 6-32 a) cm b) mm in diameter,to suit all applications.
l!!
Listen to the next part of the presentationand note the details.
3 4 5 6
Ind|l3W
Application
water ietting pr6śsure(psi)
B€ m oving painllrcm machinery
10,000
and 2
Removing
diń
and oil, from
3
ril
Removingoil and
5,000-
c|eańngb|ockagesfromdrains
10,000-
2 Engines Write the headingsfor the operation of a four-strokediesel engine.Firld letters for parts in the diagramsand write them in the texl. stroke
-
stroke
-
stroke
Intake sEoke. Air (1) p alone is drawn into the cylinder (2) through the intake port (3) by the vacuum createdby the descendingpiston (4) Compression stroke, The intakevalve (5) closes and the piston ascends (6) . Air is compressedin the top of the cylinder (7) and is heatedto 700-900'C. Combustion shoke. Diesel oil (8) is injected into the top of the cylinder by the oil injector (9) . lt mixes with the compressedair above the piston. Combustion drives the piston downrrards,and turns the crankshaft (10) Fxhaust shoke. The exhaustvalve (11) opens.Exhaust gases (12) are pushed out of the cylinder through the outlet port (13) by the rising piston.
2
Read the article about the hybrid car Which two things mal(ethe wheels po round? Youdfivea hybridcar ike an ordinarycar.Whenyou s ow down,the electrlcmotor wh ch recharges At trafJiclghts,the petro tLrrnsnto a generator, the batteries. engineswtchesoff.Takeyourfoot of{the brakeandthe carstarts,usn9 onlyits electricmotorto providemaxjmum acceleraton. A hybridcaris moreenergyefficientthanonewitha petrolenginealone.You cantTavetwiceas faTon 1 itreof petrothanin a petro-drlvencar Inaddition,the quanttyof CO, thatcomesout of the exhausts about'l tonnelessperyearfroma hybridAccelerat on from0 100kph is I 0.9seconds,whlchis the sameas for a 2 |trepetrolengine. Hybrd cŹrownerspay]e55tax,andtheyhave|owerfL.]econsumpton too' |n additonto a lthis'theygeta qUet carwthgoodpeńornrance.
3
What do these words refer to? t which oine 2) a) the functioningof the electric motor b) slowing down 2 its (line 3) a) the car b) the braie c) your foot (line 3 one 5) a) a car b) energy c) a hybrid car 4 that 0ine 7) a) 1 tonne of CO, b) the quantjtyof CO, c) CO, 5 which 0ine 8) a) the given acceleration b) the given speed c) the given time 6 they (line 11) a) less tax b) car owners c) hybrid car owners 39
iltlil
3 Coolingand heating 1 Comptetethe text with words from the languagebox on Course Book page 62. When a 4Ź9 condenses'it becomes a When a solidifies, it becomes a When a melts, it becomesa When a evaporates,it becomes So,for example,ice (a solid) anc Decomes water (a liquid).And when water boils, the water (a liquid) and becomessteam (a gas).With cooling,the steam aro turns to water.With freezing,the water and turns to ice. Fill in the blanks. tAn fan removes hot air from inside a room. (extractor/ extraction) 2 The device has an 'On/Off'switch, which permits easy (operator/operation) forms on the outside of cars during cold, damp nights. (condenser/condensation) The function of the is to compress the gas. (compressor/ compression) oI water from the soil is greatestat midday.(evaporator/ evaporation) allows fresh food to be stored for longer.(refrigeration/ refrigerant/refri gerator) is the result ol aJl equally strong physical force in the oppositedirection. (reactor/reaction) 8 Deep-sea diversmay haveto spendtime in a chamber after returningto the suńace. (decompressor/decompression) 3
Completethe texl about an air-conditioningunit with words from the diagram and the box. Somewords are used more than once. absoń provide reduce remove support Air-condit;oning(1) remoydgheat and humidity from the air and expels it outdoors.An independentair-conditioningunit (2) cooled air on demandfor rooms in oifices, schools and houses.The temperatureindoors (3) by means ol a closed system of tubes containinga refrigerant. A strong frame outside the house (4) tne condensingunit. The (5) pumpsthe (6) under pressurearound the condenser coils. As it cools, it condensesand passes through a naEow tube, throush an expansionvalve,to the (D insidethe building. Inside,a rotary (8) sucks warmair fromlhe roomand blows it over the (9) As the refrigerantin the (10) changesfrom liquid to gas, it (11) heat and cools the air. The refrigerant(now a gas) flows through a larger (12) the compresso!whichsendsit roundthe (13) again.At the top of this unit,a (14) rotates and forces air over the (15) to drive away the heat.Simultaneously,the (16) inside the building forces the cooled, dehumidifiedair into the room.
40
4 Word list
benelit
absoń crankshaft
fossilfuel
cylinder exhaustport
oscillate
displace fluid
expand
highpressure
extract
hydrogon geothermal
ignition
linear
inlet
oscillating
intakepoń
reciprocating
melt principle refrigerant
solidily
refrigeration internal-combustionupthrust engrne piśon sparKprug
rapidly simultaneously
torsion
rDc) compr€ss expand jgnite 1
Label the diagram with nouns from column 2.
5 4 3 8
Intakestrokeofan (l)
4\
Section 1 Completethesephonedialoguesusingthe correctformof the verbs in bracketsI (connect/ unplug/ plug) A: The pointer on my screen doesn t move. Bi The mouse and keyboardmight not be firmly (I) ccnnectel to Ihe computer Try (2) L)nplu1qinq a|..dIl\en(3) pl!44ir4 in the connectors. 2 (have/ be / compress) A: I sentan emaillvitha largeattachment thatbouncedbackto me. Bi The receiver nra) not (4) a broadbandconnection. greaterthan the size Or the attachmentmight(5) limii of their nrailbox.Try (6) the attachment. (iDterfere ll / change/ access) Ar The wireless connectionbetweenmy routerand my conputer has stoppedworking. B: Somebodymay have(7) with your usersettings. You could (8J the username and passlvord lor (s) your routersettlnŚs' Write the headingsabove the right sections of a Consumer Rights website. Then underlinethe correct words or phrases,
a) When you are not covered d) Proving goods were faultywhen you bought thenl b) Goodsshouldbe of satisfactory Cłuality e) Examine goods and Ćonlplainat c) Your agreementis with the retailer once il they are faulty.
6
@tZlElEta-
| f t h € g o o d sw e r ef a ut y w h e ny o U b o l g h t t h e ń . c o ń p a ń t o t h e r e t z e r ' e ' g ' t h e s t o r ew h e r ey o L ]b o l g h t t h e ń , lf the store says you (l ) mrghr/ have to co.ract the m a n u t a c t U r et h r ja t s w r o ń 9 ' Coods (2) mlst / may be of sat sfactory qua ty and f t f o r t l r ep u r p o s et h a t w a s n t e n d e de, . g .a t o r c h ( 3 ) Ć o ! / d, /s h o , / d] | g hU t p '] f y Ó U 2 s k e da b o u ta s p e cf c purpose e'g' '!v th s DVD p ayer WÓrk Withmy br.ńd X T V 7 . .t h e ny o u ( 4 ) h ' V e t o / c a ' c Ó m p | a i inf i t d o e s n . t w o r k n t h a t s p e c i t cs t U Ź t | o n , \au 15) shauld/ couldrry ro exarnlnethe goods a n dc o m p l a l w n t h n 2 w e e ( .l f y o ! d o t h s , y o u
42
(6) shou/d/ ĆŹnI get a fu||refund'|f you wa t onger lhan a week.yo! (7) rnust/ may not get a refund.Insteadyorl ( 8 ) Ć Ź l r t , /D . y b e o f f e r e da r e pa c e m e n to. r r r e d u c t i o n . or a cred t note towardsyour next purclrase. f y o u t a k et h e g o o d sb a c kt o t l r er e t a r e rw t h i ns x rnontlrs'the stole (9) ńas to / shou/dntplove they were n o tf a u t y a t t h e t ń e o f s a | eA ' f t e r S i xm o n t h s y' o ! ( ] 0 ) have to / mustnt provethat they were fa! ty at the trme
f a | | 1 1 ) ń r g h t n o t/ c a n n o tc o m pa l ń| f y o ! p l r c h a s e d the goods for the wrÓng plrpose. or |f yo! kńeWt|re !oods We|efalky when yol] bouglrttheń
Section2 1 Completethe description of the Wankelrotary enginewith the parts in the diagrams. A rotary engineis an internalcombustion enginewith a rotary (I) pioton.The(2) of the rotatingpiston open and close the ports in the (3) -wall, so no valves are needed.The triangular piston rotatcs in an oval-shaped(4, Exhauś
3lgnition
lntake. The rotary piston rotates' Af fńe sdme f!.me,it uncovels the
l
2 3 4 5 6 2
(5) This allows the (6) to flow into the cylinder (7) compression. The Iotates./4tl,łesdme lime' the (8) is compressedinto a small space betweenthe piston and the cylinder wall. lgnition. The compressedfuel is ignited by the two (9) Immediarcbrafteruards,the expandinggases drive the piston round on the power stroke. Exhaust.The pistonrotales. Simultaneously,it uncovers the (10) This lets the (11) escape. The triangularpiston createsthree (12) So, there are three ignitions for each rotation of the piston. The rotary enginehas only two moving parts, the (13)and the So, higher rotation speeds are possible.
Rewritethe sentencesin paragraphs1-6 as single sentences.Use bhen/ąs and .,}tlcł.Do not use the words in italics' Examplei 7 A9 the rotary pietan rotatee,it uncoverethe inlet pott, tyhichallawe the air and fuel mixfureto flawinto the cylinler.
3 Find words in the puzzle to match these definitions. B
E
E
X
R
o
x E
E
G N
s
z
T
o
B
c
o
N
D
E
N
s
G
E
D
E
c
o
M
t take in, Ior example.heat or moisture
R
o
N
N
o
E
R
lower the pressureof something 3 increasein volume 4 a high-pressurepump that compressesthe refrigerant a set of coils that gives out heat to the surroundingair a set of coils that er.lractsheat from the surroundingair
R
G
I
L
s
R T
T
E
T
c
o
o T
E
s
s
J
z
E
c
F
c
o
L
s
T
E
s s o
H
N
L
B
o
o E
N
T
T
B
R
B
G
7 a de\,rcethat decompressesthe refrigerantin the coiis 8 a machine with an electric motor and rotating blades that moves the air around 9 a fluid that can evaporateand condense l0 a system of pipes bent into a U shape many times
43
1 Sports data Describe the purpose of meaśuring instruments,using one of the example structures and the words in brackets.Use the vocabularv from 4. Section I of the Course Book, page 69. Examples: a) You u6e a thermometer tp ficaąure temperature in Ae1reeg Celsiug, b) A l,herfianeter i9 u€ed for meaauńng teńPeratura in ae,reeż Cel6iua. c) A l.hermofieter mcaeułe, temPcrature in de^ree7ce]^iu.. d) You meaaurc temperalturein deqrees Celai!4 with a t.herfiorhetcn I (you measurc/ tyre pressuregauge)Youmeażureair pressurein p6i witha tyre presaure qauqe. (is used / kilopascals) O/ouuse / distance) (scales/ measure)
Oroumeasure/ Watts) O/ouuse/ stop watch)
(measures/ speed) (is used / height above sea level)
o/oum€ a sure / beatsper second)
Completethe details about car service intervals with words from the box. after always every intervals less lfian over lf the annualkilometrage(the distancetravelled in ayear in kilometres) is (l) less lńan 15,000'an oi| cha!8e service should be carried out at (2) of 12 months. An Insp€ c tlon service (3) includes an oil change Service' ll the annua| Hlometrage is (4) 30,000,the losp€cdon s€rvlc€ must be carried out (5) 30,000km, and not after l2 months. A brake fluld change is required (6) 24 months. Read the schedule for servicing petrol enginevehicles. Underlinethe right verbs. OilChang6Servlce In addltlon(every30,000 km) 1 oi| flter |ubńcated/ r€newed. 7 V-beltcheckedand torsioned/ loosened 2 Engin€ oi|changed/ ircpected. 3 Brake pad thickness r€newed / checked. In addltlon(every60,000 km) Inspections€ r vic€ (|naC|dition) 8 spark p|ugstight€ n € d /renewed' 4 Doorch6ck stmps c|gan€ d /|ubricat6d. 9 Air fllterrenewed/ toppedup. 5 E\haust system inspected / cleaned. 10 Air li|t€r housing c|eaned / rep|ac€d. 6 Coolant in radiator topped up /
lltt'',;u @
2 Sensors 1 EE I 2 3 4 5
Not" th" -swers to these questionsabout car safetytests. How safe were the cars in 1997? What safetyfeaturesdid they have in 1997? What do you mean by'marginal'? Is onestar better or worse than five-star? Are cars safer novr'than they used to be?
Listen to three parts ol an interview about car salety.Fill in EEE the tables. 1997
Airbags
Mod6l
None
orlver's
Safely ratlng(circle)
1
Hydra
poor/ marginal/accoptable/ good
2
Lindos
poor/ maĘina|/acc€ p tab|e / good poor/ marginal/acceptable/good
3
poor / marginal/acceptable/ good
Syros 2000
Airbegs
Mod€ |
None
Driver's
Dual
safety ratlng(chcle)
1 2 3
Malaga Zamora 2007
Numberof sma||car mode|stest€ d :
a
Mode|swithfront'side anclhead aińags: Mode|swithdńv€ r 's aińag on|y: Modelswiththree-starsafetyrating: Modelswithfourstar safetyraling: Models with five-star safety ratangl
3 Write noun combinationsfor the phrases. 1 forces that squeezeone side of a materialand stretch the other Óendtng
2 forces that squeezeor press together 3 forces that stretch or pull apart Ą 5 6 7
forces Lhattwist forces that slide in oDDosite directions a crash test of a healy goods vehicle
a dummy used for testingthe impact of a crash from the side
8 a sensor which measuresaccelerationin a sinqle direction
{5
3 Positioning '|
Read the text. Choose the best words/phrasesfor the gaps. What fu a lidar speed gun? Lidar stands for.light d€ t ection and ranging'.A lidal speed gun sends out a very short burst of infraredlaser light. It is used by the police to calculatespeeds. How do€g the lidał system work? Light from the gun travels at (l) 300million metres per second and is reflectedback to the speed gun by the vehicle. The gun calculatesthe time talen for the return trip ol the signal and divides it in two. (2) -, it can calculate its distance from the car. How does the speed gun calculate the speed of an approaching vehicle? Becausethe speed gun tal(es(3) 1,000sarnplesper second, it can comparethe changein distance betweenthe samples and (4) calculatethe speed of the vehicle. How accurate is the lidar system? Since it takes (5) 300 measurementsin a third of a second.the measurementof a vehicle's speed is very accurate.(6) , the cone of |ight that comes from th€ gun is very narrow speed Even at a rangeof 300metres,the cone of light is no more than I metrc in diameter. (O -, a specific vehicle can be targetedby the police from long range. I 2 3 4 5 6 7
a) nearly a) In other words a) in addition a) morethan a) just over a) However a) In this way
b) exact b) In addition b) for instance b)inthisway b) for example b) In addition b) That is
c) approximate c) For example c) more than c) nearly c) in addition c) In otherwords c) For instance
Replacethe phrases using the word(s) in brackets, An airport radar control system sends out a burst ol high-frequencyradio waves,which lasts less than a microsecond.The radar system then turns off its transmitter.turns on its receiverand listens for an echo. For each aircraft in the area,the Air Traffic Controller can monitor: I their location (wh€ r e ) uhere theyare 2 their altitude above sea |eveloow) ńoD ltlgłt 3 their air speed Oow tast / fly) 4 their rate of descent (how fast / descend) 5 their rate of ascent (fast / ascend) 6 their separationdistance from other aircralt (how far apart) 7 their flight path (which direction / fly) 8 their distance from the airport (how far away)
.A
4 Word list
altimeter
burst
altitude
Global Positioning sFtem (GPs)
athlete
almost
latitude
false start
deflection
lidar systern
deformalion
longitude
dial
nauticalmile
dummy
prng
iust under
prnger
filter heań ratemonitor
gauge
heart beat
impact
satellite
nb
transmission
atmospheńc
kilopascal lubricant
standard
approach strain
multiply orbit reflect
in adclition
subtract tennisballseryice applv
that is
lubricate slip
Completethese descriptions using words from the Word list. I An altimeter measuresollilude in metresabove measuresthe ak pressurein units called 2 A GPS system calculatesyour posit;on,or in other words your and I[ measuresthe times from at least three which the Earth at an of 11,000 3 A radar gun at tennis compet;t;onsuses the The radar gun is pointed at the tennis player and takes many readings as the tennisball From this it calculatesthe speed of the planes in flight as they A radar system can airport. The transmits a short high{requcnclradiouaves.When lhe signalis receiveĘthe system can measurethe speed of the its distance from the airport.
the of back to the plane and
It
l Properties Choose the riSht test from the box. Make sentences,using the past tense and the given words. compresslve-strength /drop/ elasticity/frame/impact-rEsistance/ heatrsslstance/ tensile strength aim / see / forks / bend / when / struckwith force Theajm of t'heframeteżt ważto 6ee,yhetherthe fÓrk. waD]dbenaWhen they werestruck ,vith force. 2 purpose / find out / material/ delorm or break / when / pulled apart I
3 aim / discover / material/ bend or break /when / hammercdwith force 4 objective/ find out / material/ crack or deform/ when / compressed 5 purpos€ / discover / mate als / break/ when / stretched 6 aim / find out / material/ deform or melt / when / heated to 120degrees celŚius
7 obiective / see / laptops / crack / when / dropped from a height ol 60 cm 2 Completethe crossword. I You can't scratch or Ćutit. It's-. 2 You can bend it and it doesn't break.It's 3 You can form it into a new shape,which it keeps.It's-. Opposite of hard. 5 You can't bend it. It's -. 6 After you delorm it, it returns to its original shape. It's-. 7 It doesn't deform or breakwhen you compress it. lt's strong in -. 8 h breaksif you strikeor drop it. lt s -. 9 It doesn't stretch or break when you pull it. It's strong in -. l 0 It doesn't breakwhen you drop or strike it. lt's
1 1 Opposite of strong. 1 2 It doesn't break or deform when you twist it.It has strength. Verticalword: It doesn't burn or deformwhen you l 3 It doesn't deform or breakwhen you pull it heat it. lt's -. apart. lt has strength.
2 Resistance 1 EE
Undertinethe stressed syllables.Then listen and check.
1 b!ęąLa ble 4 re sis tant 7 un benda ble
l0 cor ro sion 2 !Ę
3 por ta ble 6 un mo vea ble 9 com bus ti ble
2 in au di ble 5 e las tic 8 wa ter proof
Listen to four radio adverts.Tick the product descriptions. I dlgitalcamera
3 home safe 4 blker's helmet
non-pońabIe
Choose signpost phrases from the box lor a presentationabout flood EE defences.Then listen and check. a) My objectivein this talk has been to I'd like to finish by b) As you can see in this photo the ne).1graph indicates that c) Let's move on to h) As shown on the first graph d) The main aim oI this presentationis to D I'd like to start by e) That b.ings me to Phrase Presenlationnoles 1
nLrLr:. atv'Z!r..
2
i a'i,
'Ler
{f
4 n.!^tv.q + e\atiLŁtl|. ,
I 1 ) :j) -
3
4 Ś1|/theał Lńt'V'c
'ł.i'Ś h,Lh: ai k.iNe|1\ąfu:.|'|'.|d .a li f,t.d d.itL.... Ar,,r r.Ldav., ń,w.e. ż.,t I i"|. hLa. 19 -
baLEe
cat.., -
+ Śnn|cn.d |etnEL.D^.|et. -
o
:...1 ]iżc,.' |+Ln rrŁO,|.t1 ,'|/.u^tnŚ. xi < > _
7
t+ ti.r
+|.l.1|,tr|e| bu!t'.i. d ta
6
f
3! .r,t1 t+ t!/rr
..1
1 1 1! 2 1 . . ' . . ' n ' e r . | . Ś Ł | | - ą | Ł | , 2 ! <_ h, 4tt cl t.L.-u.!
= Eel
I 9
4
Listen again and completethe presentationnotes in Exercise 3
49
3 Results I
Choosethe right words/phrasesoi causeand effect.
G|obal warming wi|l happen Ihst€ r Incrcard carbon .missions since 1850 hr\e raised th. percentagcoi CO. in th. arrnosphcrc.$hicb ( 1) .r/rif\ / '1,-vr/ri gIob.1\'amrin!' The forcst fireŚ in Asi,r. ELlrop. lnd lhf USA in ]{)()7increasedcrrbon elllisŚ|()n\fuńhel' (]) so,/,.1J atnroŚpherictelIpcftllules risc. lhi5 is cal|sin.!the ice 'll the poles l(l |lreItmlch 1.|\letthalrsc once lhought \\'Ćno$ underslttndhoN and s hr icecaps llrch so fisl. (.]) {J / łl.'1,,ł,i' meh$llcr runs do\ n lo the basc of lhe icecapŚ. pans ol llren slip lnd l.al]inlo thc sea aS iceberls Pools oi$alerlbmr o lhe surflcc' (1l s''..,/s) lhismakes t|r. i.e darkcr. (5) il //'"|.ńł,,/ Jo absorbsnrorehc!t' This is alre, y hlppcnin! i|rGrcĆnllnd llnd \'est Ant.rctica' (6) '\il(. /,.łl a ł1l1l of thcsc chaogcs.lhc icecips śi|| n]el(l.aŚer lhxn e\peclcd' The ń\ins se.l lć\cl u iIl (7) 1"nd/ '1'sll/lin dro\\ning man) ()f lh. sor1d.Ś nx)sl Crosded cilies. In rddilion. lhis couU (811edd/'|'l! 1()much higher riscs ilr 8k)bul tenpelllutc. (9) /l'.,' /}?.dłj1 lct\ heal lionr lhe sun is rc|]cctedback iIt() space by lhe |educcd icecaps' About 3'5 miIlur years ago. lelDperaturesincrcNed |o 2 ] degreesłbo\c krd!)'.s leyc1'(l0)rtj d '"Jll/l,/ Tl@ei1re. se'] le\el\ ro\e bv ]5 nletreŚ.\!hich i\ t.atabovc the presenl li)recastoi 5r]cenlinelf..' so. ho$ cln Ne rĆducccltbon cnrissionŚ,]onc study leconrmendsliD|ing lhe elc.I.ici1)'nex\ orks ofEuropc. Nonh A l i i c a n d l c e 1 a n dw i t h h i g h \ ( ) l 1 u 3DeC e ł b | e sT' h i s w ( ) u I dp r o ! n | c g r e a l e rc h o i c eo f r e n c w L l b |peo l v c l '( l | ) A J a ' ? J ł / l/ B . . d ł l . . c \ e ł ' c o u n l r ! 1 nt h e n c l \ \ o r kc o u l d( l ] ) / / l . ł , / a Ju \ Ćb } ' d r o c l e c l l i c i lriyo m s c i r n d i n a y ildn d ń e A l p s . geothe.malpo\ er iiom l(elaud xnd e lectricit) iron ne$ \olr ther'rnrlpr^\er planr\ in the S,rhir.i.
Answerthe questions. I What causes global warming: 2 When did the increasein carbon emissionsstart? :] Are the icecapsmeltingfasteror slowerthanforecast? 4 What name is given to the water that comes from nreltingsnow and ice? 5 Why does water absorb more heat than ice? 6 How do largeicecaps act againstglobal warming? 7 Witl sea levels rise more or less than the earlier iorecast? 8 What three kinds ol energycan be produced in Africa. Europe and lceland? Use verbs from the box in their right {ormto complete the tefi. f|atten harden harden heat |engthensharpen sharpen shaĘen soften How slvords are made First a piece oI steel is (1) heatea anć,(2) lna furnace. The steel becomes red hot at about 650 to 820 degrees Celsius and orange at just under 1.0{X) degreesCelsius. it is After the piece ol steel is (:l) (4) ar)d(5) by hammeringinto
the basiĆsword shape' Next,the pieceof steelis (ti) t one end to create the swordtip. Finally.beforethe grindingand polishingstage,the blademustbe annealed,or (7) , so thatit is easierto (8) . After the blade is (9) it must again.It is thereforeplaced in a hot salt be(10) bathlor a periodof time.At the end of th;sstage,it is put in a quench tank,whichcools the bladerapidlyand also (11) it. 50
4 Word list
breakable bending
bio-gas
combustible elastic
inaudibrs (D
plastic non-combustible
hullplate
perishable
iceb€rg
ductility elasticity flexibility
Richterscale
investigation
dampng
load
earthquake
unbreakable
grapn
s|ag
high-risebuilding plasticiV rigidity
apań isolalion
fail
ioint
flatten forge
sneanng tensile strength
singlebrace
harden install lengthen Iighten
solten straighten (6) indicate withstand
strengthen neutral
Find adjectivesin the Word list that mean the opposite. I audible 2 breakable 3 combustible 4 moveable 5 portable Find verbs in the Word list that mean the opposite. 6 bend 7 darken 8 narrow 9 shorten 10 soften 11 succeed 12 weaken
5l
Section1 '|
Readthe textaboutsonarand tick the rightcolumnsin the table.
F
N
7\\y
How sonań|)works Activesonarsendsout a burstof sound.or'ping',whichtravelsthroughthe water.reflectsoff the targetand returns to the ship. To findout the distanceto the target,the sonarsystemmeasuresthe time from transnission to reception. Since the system knows the speed of sound in wate(which is 1,500metresper second,it can calculatethe distance. To measurethe bearingof ihe object.i.e.in whichdirectionit is. a multi' beam system is used.The echoes that are reflectedback are processedby computer to locate tlre talget, bL]tcannot i(lentifyit. However,in waĘ the sound ol a ping made by a submarineinrnediately shows the eDemyits owrl location.which may be dangerous. Thesedays,fishingvesselsuse activesonarto detectand locatefish,since sound waves travel diiferentlythrough fish than through water When active sonar is used to measurethe deDth of water betweenthe vessel s transducer and the seabed,this is knownas echosounding'. Passive sonar listens to sounds generatedby the target,A computer system helpsthe operatorto identifythe vesseltype,its distance,courseaDdspeed, and eventhe ship itself.Computer-assisted displaysare similarto aboveground radar displays. Passive sonar has several advantages.It is silent. 1thas a grealer range than active sonar' It allows the uset to ;dentifythe target'HoweveĘit requires expensiveequipmentand is morecostlythanan activesonarsystem. ' i sonar - sound navigationand ranging 1
T.ansmitsand receivessignals
2
Receivessignalsonly
3
Used to find oui distanceto targetand its b€ a ring Used to identify a vessel
52
5
Usedfor fishingand measuńngthe depthof the water
6
More expensive,but worksat longerdistances
1
Noisier,and moredangemusto use in a war
Section2 Match the words with their definitions. break breakingpoint clamp crack deform secure withstand yield pornr I to changeshape /dform 2 the point where a material breaks 3 to resist 4 the point where a materialdeforms_ 5 to separateinto two or more pieces 6 to hold firmly 7 to break so that surface tines appear8 a tool for holding somethingfirmly 2 Completethe engineer'sreport with verbs from the box and should' |engthen straighten strength€ n widen Road improvementsare recommendedfor this accident 'black spot'. The road is too narrow and has sharp corners. It shouldbe and 3 The sidewallson the bridge are not strong enough.They 4 The approach roads on both sides are too short and steep.Thereforethey 3 Match the cause and effect.Then combine the sentencesusins the word/ phrase in brackets. Examp|e|| Theou cable1Weretaken oul''and newWirinqv/a6ihÓtalledla7t year' and a9 a re,u]tthe numberaf e]ecLriÓalacc|ć1eftt'g ha7 fallent'ozera' 1 The old cables were taken out, and new wiring was installedlast year (and as a result) 2 Concretehorizontaldecks were placed under the floors five years ago.(and so) 3 All our diesel engineswere replaced two years ago with hydrogenengines.(As a result) 4 The frameof the new bike has failed the compressionand rigidity tests. (Iherefore) 5 The captain of the damagedsailing boat had a GPS system on board. (Since) 6 The crash-testingol the new model was 100percentsuccesstul.(As)
a) The air-searescue team were able to locate its position very quickly. The b) company will start to manufacture the sports car early next year c) We have decided to use titanium instead of aluminium. d) The number ol electrical accidents has fallento zero. e) The building resisted yesterday's earthquakeat 8.4on the Richter scale. f) Carbon emissions in the city have gone down by over 50 percent-
4 Underlinethe stressedsyllables. de larD ń q.d
flex i bil ity
ri gi di ty
53
1 Working robots 1 Completethe text with words from the Dox. compressed danggrous di'ferent e|€chic r€p€at€d spec|fic
mechanica| mobi|e Bmoto
Robots are machinesthat are guided by (1) mechanicalandelecl.)"onic means.They carry out functions lhat may be (2) heavyłuty' unhealthy,or ones that are (3) many timeś.Robots run on (4) motors,(5) ait, sensorc and computer systems.Some are fixed,and otheasare (6) Some robots arc operated by (7) control, as in underseaor space € x p|oration. other robots are set up to do their tasks by a.teach.andrepeat'method.For example,an operatorteaches a robot a (8) positions.The iob by moving the robot's arm through the (9) positioningdata is recorded and stored in the robot's computer memory. 2
Write the headingsabove the six texts about working robots. a) Painting b) Handling c) Welding(r) d) Palletisinśł e) Finishing D cutting
'u joiningtwo pieces of metaltogether t,)placing heary things on a large wooden frame for storage
Car assemblyplants have used robots for many years as this process produces dangerousfumesand bright lights.Robot arms have to carry a weld gun that can weigh over 100kg.
3
Robots are a good choice as the process can involve dangeroustechnologies.The robot holds either the part or the cutting tool.
Robots have the power and speed for this kind of job. They can move car parts, eggs, chocolates,bottles of drinks, and loads up to l20 Ę. They can perform at rates of l50 picks per minute.
This was an early applicationof robots, as the process produces harmful,flammablelumes as thp paint evaporates.The robots have quite thin arms as they don't have to carry much weight. 4
With a six-axisrobot.you can finish parts in a1lkinds of materials.The robot holds either the part or the tool. You can also use a mult! DurDosetool at the end of the robot arm As an example,a robot picks up bags of cement and places them on a pallet.lt counts the bags and knows where the next one must be placed. Simpler four-or liveaxis robots can be used,e.g.lor palletisingfoods or building materials.
2 Eco-friendlyplanes -l
Completethe text with words from the box. drag engines engines friction gravity lift lift pressure thrust thrust weight wing wing During flight,air flows over the toP of the cuNed (1) ''iłr4fasterand with less pressurethan the air flowingunder the wing.The greater(2) of the afuunder the wing creates (3) If the lift is greaterthan the earth's(4) the plane will fly.Moveable slats at the lront of the (5) -, and moveableflaps at the rear and underside increasethe wing surface area at take'offand landing.In this way,they increasethe (6) force at slow speeds. Drag is caused by (7) as the plane moves through the air (8) plane. slows the To keep the plane moving forwards,the plane uses propellers or jet engines-These turboprop or turbojet (9) provide(10)-, which pushesthe planeforwards. In a glider,thereare no (l l) whichpush the air backwards. In otherwords,thereis no lorwards(12) Lift is provided by air passingover its wings.It also uses a rising current of warm air (thermal)to help it ascend-Ifthe lift is less thanthe (13)of the glider,the gliderwill lose altitude. Read the text about an eco-friendlyplane.Completethe table with YES/NO'. Thedesignbrieffor the Fl I camefroma needfora smallbusnessarrcraft. By the 1990s,business travelin ELrrope hadseriousproblems. Busnessletswere too expens ve.Theyneededlongrunways. so theycouldonlyu5ethe main a rports.Because blsinesspeope hadto takesched!ed f ghts,theywasteda ot of t me' First,theyhadto trave] to a ma]orairpoń.ThenthereWerefreqlent de avsat the airDort andtn thea r A surveyshowedthat97 percent peopletravelonlyin groupsof of business l-3, so clearly therewdsa needfor a sma a r tax. lt a so showedthatthere were5,000srnallairfields percent n the US and2,000 n Europe. ln additron,90 ot the popuat on n the USA andthe tlK Ive wrthn a 20 mrnLrte driveof ther tocaa r00n. Thepfoposed a rcrafthadto flyslowlyenouqhto andon sma .irf elds,but tastenoughto competew th arrlnes(650kph).Theso utronwasa six-seater aircra{t, witha turboprop engine,s ncesa{etyfulesnowaLowedpassenger rircraftto havea singleengine.Over300 winqdesiqns wereexamined before deveopingonewith redLrced dragand lowerfue consumpt on
Comparativesurvey results Point-to-point travel(nearclient'sbase)
business iet
airline
lurboproplaxi
NO
De|ayswhenusingmajorairpońs
55
3 Free.flyingsails 1 Et You *" goingto llsten to a talk about a catamarai ferry.Put the signpostphnses fromthe box in the corr€ c t placein the table.Thenlisten and check. a) b) c) d) e)
Let's talk about performancedata. I'd like to start by asking you a question. I d like to moveon to the dimensions. I'd like to finish by showing you this graph. Now let's look at the load. Phras€ h
2
n Finally,I should mention some disadvantages. That brings me to the design.
h) The aim of this talk is to ...
D i)
So, was there a problem with the design? Lefs turn to some of the advantages.
Ples€ntet|on noteŚ Ąi] : e la\-i.ńe cĘ\eL.!
r.tlŁ,'h |r.4h|/!l iet |.LEa^c fu.kLti'huL! fe|| LE
.:||!3.ie / : H..,'' .,.d |Ś |h. .'.!1/Ę| e,' ,Ę::2^, F,'r.. L(!j
i ! !l.żł
3
!/
=I ,f r' r . L. L. f
L rt .t_ir't,,I
ą! +'.}'t.| !)| e,' |2\ !! ,|Ł 3w ż|.'
5 6
7 I
4..Aą|.c! data' tt.>s !.;oa: !^ Ś, 'icŁ Ś|,d' Pt!b!| , |'1,telLat'śed+,r th'
9
10
.n,ah'..c^Lto|,] f'.et ŁaŚŁ. |/\ e Łar.'Ńi'! | r Iu^ 1 kn:4'
2 3
Etct taŚ.. .!/1,L^ .'
Listen again and lill in the gaps in the notes in Exercise l. Match the nouns in the box with nouns of the same meaning. dm bńef c||6nt comoonents data d|monsions drawback issue op€r.tion Śignpoś
I 2 3 4 5
parts disadvantage facts objective customer
6 7 8 9 l0
working measurcmen$ ques on indication
instructions
;
.-.
4 Word list advanlage disadvantag€
almospher6
balloon
consumpton
bookmark
conduct auggesr
design brief drag car9o
combin€
gilder
friction
clickwheel
majonty
fuselage
client
6mit
p3 ticipant
gravrty
cru|s€ contro|
expel
gre€ n housg gas
oata
p6rform
di€ 3 € | oiI
16'0uce
helium
taper
jet turbine lampshade
tńgger
ambitiouŚ
tifr
laCK
automatic
noisol6v6l
|ivingquańers
maximise
pollution
mast
mention
moońngbit dnn
scroll
eco-friendly
technology
routang
environm6nlal
thrust
stablility
industdal
wingspan
gtainless steel
leather
wingtip
supertanker
arguaDry permanontly
tractlon kite
smoolhly
usB conn€ctor
technically
UsB docking poń
mułti-functiona| multi-touch navigational
tńmming
volcemail
Completethe sentenceswith verbs from the Woadlist. I We should a survey. 2 The design must be 3 They need to noise levels. 4 the cable lrom the mooring bit now 5 A longwingspanshouldlift. greenhousegases. 6 Planes 7 Ships a lot ol diesel oil. 8 l ll now someadvanLages.
untie
ilra
1 Zero emission Add the headingsin the box to the sections.Then underline the right verbs to completethe press releaseabout a hybrid car. Advantageścomponentś Need Prob|ems so|ution Techno|ogy l
Need. Greenhousegas emissionś, e.g.co, and nitrous oxide' must be (|) reduced / imProaed to avoid global warming. Petro| engiDes (2) aÓsorÓ ,/ Ćonsumetoo much fossil fuel. Electric-onlyvehicfes calrbe (3) used/ generote4but their batteriesa-retoo heavy and their range is too limited. Hybrid cars (4) p'"opose/ combine a petrol engine and an electric motor into one system.The motor (5) pertoffis / proDideshigh torque in the low rpm range,while the engine(6) deliuers/ prcpels extra power at the higher rpm range. The hybrid car is (o Óased / soloedon Lwotechnolo$es,the gas/petrolengine,and the electlic motoĘwith generatorand battery' Hybrids (8) u,l.,ńs.ondlemŻless co, than petro|vehicles. The engine can (9) run / tansmit on gas, petrol or bio-fuel. The battery (|0) rechą|Ees/ generalesitself,so no extra electrica|cables are needed. The battery is (11) srspended / positioned between the two rear wheefs.The generatorand inverter/converterarc (12)Iocated / mountedbeneathIhe floor and prcvide power for the electlic motor. They also rechargethe batterywhen required.The petrol engineand the eiectric motor are (13)Iocated/ mountedonto th€ chassis. The power split device is placed next to the engine.This transferspart of the power (14)consumed/ producedby the engineto daivethe wheels,and the rest to the generator,either to (15) rccharge/ maxlmisethe battery or to (16)pouer / increaseLheelectric motor.
2 tabel the diasram with words from the box, battery engrne genera@r
reductiongear
2 Technologicalchange 'I
Wrile lhe words phrases in lhe box on the righl lines. abacus boiler compass crtme crank and rod hydrauliciack pul|eyandbelt robot sp€ c tac|es wedge wind fuńine windm;|| I
Tools: dbacue
2 Simplemachines: 3 HeaW machine tools 4 Sellrunningmachines: Match words from Exercise I with these definitions. 1 a machine that can use tools and is controlled by a computer r'bÓ' 2 a machine that turns in the wind and generateselectricity,or grinds corn 3 a machine lhaL is used lo provide heatingor hot waler
4 a rod attachedto a wheel which rotateswhen the rod moves backwards and forwards5 a framewith two lensesworn over the eyes to help you see 6 a largetall machine used by builders for lifting very hea\y things 7 8 I 10
a hand-helddevice used lor calculating an instrumentthat shows directions and the north point a machine that turns in the wind and generateselectricitya machinewith a wheel over whjch a belt, rope or chain passes
11 a piece of wood or metal with one thick edge and one pointed edge
12 a tool for lifting a heary weight olf the groundand supportingit in the air 3 Write a paragraphabout a waterwheel,using the guide words. earliest- waterwheel- made - Grcece - 2,000years ago / made - wood / consisted- horizontalwheel - rotatedwhen - stream of water - hit - paddles / force - water - made - wheel - attached axle - rotate/ axle - attached- waterwheel- one end circular millstone- other / millstone- rotated- grind - corn - flour / Later - vertical waterwheels- used / These - could - built - greatersize - with greaterpower / Example:The earliestbąteruheel uas made in Grcece 2,000yea,s ago.
59:
3 Vehicle safety L|stento the interview betwe€ n a Tv 'ounalist and a cal safety ElE expert.Deleteany questionson the list that the journalist doesn't ask. Question3 about tyre s€n3oB I name of invention: 2 nameol inventor: 3 function or purpose: 4 needl 5 technology/ principle: 6 main parts / featuresr 7 location of parts: 8 operation/ how they work: 9 advantages: 10 disadvantages: Listen to the interview again.Note the main points of the expert'sanswers in the checklist. Completethe sentencesabout the functions of sensors with verbs from the box. activat€ a|low contain delect ensuE give prevent provide repoń 59nd l current vehicles Óontaln 50-100sensors and this numb€ r is continua||y growing. 2 These sensors -vehicles to listen and react to the environment around them. 3 Electronic sensors that new vehicles a-rethe safestcars on the road. 4 Quick-reactioncrash sensors the airbags and the tension on the seatbelt. 5 Outsidetemperaturesensorsa signalvrhenthereis a risk of ice. 6 Engine managementsystem sensors informationon exhaust gas quality. 7 Seat occupancy detectorsthe passengerseat airbagsfrom opening in the event of an accident if th€ seat is empty or if a child's seat is fitted. 8 Accelerationsensors if the vehicle is lifting off its vertical axis and if it needs to apply the brakes to one,two or three tvheels. I Height sensors approachingvehicles and automaticallyadjust the headlampsto preventoncomingdrivers from being blinded. l0 When combined with the Global PositioningSystem (GPS),sensors the driver his or her location.
ll*
4 Word list
airconditiongr
abacus
capacitor
align
deceleration
clank and rod
craft
96ar
lossilfuel fu€ l ce||
balancsscalos
pulley ancl bolt
luggagespac6
bead
rack and pinion
garn idle
calculation
position
nrtrousoxide wedge
split ultra-capacitor
flint
deńck drlllbit
hydraullcjack
dń||string libre-optic cable irdgation
diploma
lournalist
magngllcpolg
la6er
lightweight
mallet
mtntng
magnetic
percussion dń||ing
mass-produced
pan
rolation
mathematical
pencil
iripod
pu ey
principle
py€rmo scyth6 sp€ c tac|es windmill
1 Find words from the Word list that mean the oDoosite. I
2 3 4 5 6 7
decelerate
grip handrrafted hea!ryweight input lose pollution
6l
Section1 Completethe dialogueabout using SAI NAV (satellitenavigation)for car journeys. advantageŚ cou|d cou|d dlś€dvantages dńwbacks improve shou|d strength suggest suggest weakness would A: So what are the m ain (I) advantaqesol lsing SAT NAV? B: Well, its main (2) is that you can listen to the directions if you are travellingalone. A: So would you say it has any (3) or (4) ? B: Yes,its main (5) is that SAT NAV routes don't include height restriction details.If you are driving a high vehicle,you may end up on a narrow road with a low bridge in front ol you, where you can't turn round. It happensall the time. you (D A: So, how (6) -that it (8) be improved in future? B: Well,I would (9) that all SAT NAV routes (10) include data like low bridges and narrow roads-Meanwhile,if you are travellingwith a passenger,you (11) ask them to mapread for you. A: Really?Why not use the latest technology? B: Becauseit needs to be (12) . Did you hear about the results of a recent test for three car-teams?The car that followed an Internet website was s|owest,the sAT NAV team waśsecond fastest,and arrived eight minutes after the winners,who were using a map! 2
Completethe description of the Hotcat catamaranwith phrases from the box. a)An importantadvantagels that b)As a resu|t c) on each side oI th€ o one d.sadvantagoof this dąsign e)The boat pgńormsbest when 0 Thedesignuses g)TheFsult is that h)ThlsdEslgnmakes i)Thismeansthat (l) (t lour aluminiumalloy beams to connect the twin hulls, and a trampoline fits inside the beams tensionedby a rope.The two-partaluminiumand carbon fibre mast is suppoIted at the base by a cuPshaped shoe ńveted onto the centre of the forward beam.A downhaulrcpe tensionsthe mainsail,and an outhaul rope flattensthe bottom edgeof the mainsail along the horizontal boom. (2) , the Hotcat is extremelylightweight,which reduces drag and allows for high performancespeeds.(3) the upwind hull skip across the surfaceof the water and reduces resistance.(4) mast,there are steel wires which support the crew's harnesses. (5) the crew can lean out to counterbalancethe elfect ol the wird. (6) -the Hotcat can be pulled up onto the beach. (7) - sailingat right anglesto the wind. lt doesn't sail so well into the wind, or with the wind directly behind it- (8) is that the bow of the downwind hull may dip into the waves in rough seas and so the boat may tum over. (9) , in this situation,it is impossible for a single sailor to raise the boat back into an upright position.
Section2 Write the questionsfor an interview with an engineerabout laser drilling. I (start / investigate) Whcnaid peaple firet slrart lto investiqate la6er Ari inq? They first started to investigatelaser drilling in 1997.
2 (kind/ lasert
They used powerful lasers from a discontinuedmilita-ryprogramme.
(effect/ laser beam) It splitsthe rock,or meltsit. Oow / split) -.
The laser beam heats up moisturein the rock. The moistureturns to steam which breals the rock. 5 (split / more ellicient / melt) . Yes, it's much more efficientthan meltingit. 6 (energy / require) No, the same amount of enersryis used to split differentkinds of rocks. 7 (what/ research) we're studying multi.beams,using differentbeams in a singl€ ho|e. Match the applications(l-4) and th€ descriptions (a-d) to these too|s. A pulley (4/ B wheel and axle ( / a) ) C rack and pinion ( D ratchet and pawl (/ ) / -) 1 cars€atb€łt
2 car steeńng
3 dentiśbdń||
Inside the tool, a very small turbine is dńven by compress€d ai. at spe€ds of up to 800,000rpm.A drillshalt is attachedtothetuóine at one end and to a dri|l bit at the oth€r which rotates and cuts intothe tooth. c) Whenthe s|eeńngwh66|is tuln€ d ' it rotatesthe stoeringcolumnand the pinionattachsdatthe othorend.The pinionmovesa |ackto th€ rightor |6ft' Each end of the rack movosa track rod connected to one of th€ wh€€|s.
3
4 |ift/e|evator
b) A cab|e is attached to a car at on€ 6nd
and a coufńerweigmat the oth€r end, which ba|anc€s the weight of ihe car plus the passengers. At the top of the building,the cablepassesovera pulley which is dńven by an e|ectńc motor. d) Asudden stop makestheclutchwithin ths belthousingrotate.This movesa paw|which |ocksthe ratchetattach€ d to the beft shaft. Ths pawl prevents the ratchetfromturning'and |ock the b€ | t in position.
Insertone of these phrases where possible in the text. Use each phrase once. that are that are lhalis
lhat is which ale which is which was which w€r€
The BOP ttWT is a blowout preventer developed by a team of engineers at Drilling solutions plc. A blowout preventer (BoP) is a laĘe valve fitted to the top o{ a well. It is a device designedto preventoil or gas in the ground from rushing up the drill pipe. By closing this valve, usually operated by remote contrcI,the drilling crew can regaincontrol of the flow of oi| oI gaŚ. The BOP uW7 contains severalnew componentsinventedto improve operationsin underwaterdrllling sites.These include componentsdesignedto fit tightly around the underwaterdrill pipe. Othe6 include cutters fitted with hardenedsteel shearingsurfacesthat can cut through the drill pipe in a severc blowout.Drilling Solutionsrecommendsthat all BOPS are inspected and tested at regularintervals agreedby the local Salety Officer.
Unit l Acdon
The driver starts the engineby turningthe key in the lock. You have staited the chargingprocess by plugging in th€ adaptel and switchingit on. The store protectsgoods by attachinga magnetic strip to them. The sales person deactivatesthe strips by passing tiem over a scannet Athief will activatethe alarm by carring unsold goods betweenthe transmitterand receiv€ .
@
Dlalogue I A: How do you start this? B: First you fill it with fuel and connect this cable here' Then you start the motor by pr€ s sing this Dialogue 2 A: How does this work? B: Il's quile simple.First you fix it firmly onto the wall
Unit 2 Work .':ii:l'lł:lll:"ń-".::::1.i'lJi:i:llJ:"dfi i:f =Interńewer;L =Laura V€ r di] a power supply inside the house.
Ar So, how does it work? B: A person coming near the house tlrrns on the li8ht by activatingthe motion sensor. Dialogu€ 3 A: Can you tell me how to use this? B| sure. First you need to chaĘe the battery and insert the card here.Then you switch it on by pressingthis button.Then take the photograph.
Dia.lĘEe 4 A: How does the driver start it? B: Theysit in the seat and checkthat the gear lever is in the .P' positlon.That means .Parked'.Th€ n the driv€ r starts th€ enginebyturning the key in the A: And how do th€ y drive oII? B: The driv€ r pressesthe brake pedaland moves the gear lever to the 'D position.That means'Drive. Dialogue 5 A: How do you use thiŚ? B: Easyl Plug the adapter into the wall socket and switch on the electricitysupply.Then, plugyour mobile into the lead that comes out of the adapter Dialogue 6 A: So how does this system work? Br The store protects hiSh-valuegoods by attachinga magneticstrlp to them.lvhen the goods are sold, the sales percon deactivatesthe st.ips by passing them over a scanner. A thief will activate the alarm by carrying unso|d goods b€tween the transmitter and receiverwhen he leavesthe shop. The stillactive tag s€ts oII the alarm.
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You start the motor by pressingthis button. A person comlng near the house turns on the llght byactivating the motion sensor in the light. You switch it on by pressingthis button.
[| l: I've read throughyour CV L: There are a Iewchangessince I sent it to you. | 8ot married last month so I've changedmy sumame. I l So it's not Laura Mutl but ...? L: Laura Verdi.That'sV-E-R-DJ. I: Righ! I ve got that. And you ve applied for the post ol ComputerTechnicianYes, but I see lrom your website that you are also advertisingfor a Supervisor Thatt correct.Do you want to applylor the post of Supervisortoo? L: I: Verywell' we,l1talkabout that job in a minut€ . when € x actly did you start your job at Wiggins? L : In January 2004.So I've been there loul years now. t : And you say that you do computerupgrades such as installinSnew software,installingmemory cards,ant-virus systemsand so on. L: Yes, but in addition,l now do site visits. I visit some of our biggercllents' offices.Iupgradethe computersystemśin theil offices. I: So is that more responsibilityand more pay? L: Yeś,thatl right' But they stil| call me.computer Technician'. I: And why do you want to leaveWiggins? Ll It'stoo far to travel.I'd preler to work in Swindon, whereI.m |jvingnov|'By the \łay,wiggins recent|y changedits name Its nowcalled'SuperLink. That's SU-P-E-R-LI-N-K.
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Do you want to apply for that post too? When exactly did you start your iob at Wiggins? so is that mor€ responsibi|ityand mor€ pay? Why doyou want to leaveWggins?
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1st syllable str€ s sed: engine,mechanism,operator, technical.
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2nd syl1ablestr€ s sed: electrical'electron. m€ c hanical, technician' 3rd syllable stressedrelectrician,electricity. engineet occupation,
Unil 3 ComparlBon
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The neareststar that can be seen with the na}ed eye;s ca|l€ d Alpha centauri' lt.s 4'36light years away and can be se€ n from !h€ southern h€ m isphere' Howeve( the neareststar to Earth is 4.24light years away.lts name is ProximaCentauri and it is so laint that you cannot see it with the The deep€ s t part in the world's oc€ a ns is in th€ Pacilic Ocean,at a place called the Marianas Tr€ n ch. AJapanese ship sent down an unmanned probe to the bottom ol the ocean there.to a depth oI l0'9l1 metr€ s ' The Mohs sca]€ oI minera]hardnesswas createdin 1812.ltrangesfromta1c,which is numberoneon thescale,to diamondwhich is numberten.Silver is between2.5and 3.lron is betweenfour and five. GlassiśbetlYeensixand seven'sosi]ver is thesoftest of the three materials and glass is the hardest. The most common ot th€ s e thre€ gasesin the atmosphereis nitrogen.Alter that cornesoxygen. Hydrogenis less common than oxygenand is the |eaśt common of these thre€ gases. So lar the hottest temperaturerecordedon Earth was at a place called AlAzizyan in Libya. The temperaturereacheda record 58"Celsius. The coldest t€ m perature ever recordedon Earth was in 1983.A temperature ol-89'Celsiuswas r€ c orded at a place called vostok in Antarctica'
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The nearest star lńdt con be seen uilh lhe naked eye is call€ d Alpha centauri'|I's1'36lĘhtyearc auay and can be seen from the southernhemisphere. A Jdpanereship sent down an unmonnedprobe to the deepestpoint on the seabedat a place called the MarianasTr€ n ch in the Pocific ocean, The Mohs scale oI mineralhardn€ s s was oeoted in /812.Itrangeslrom talc, which is nrmberone on the scale,to diamond,which is nzmberten.Silver is lhe so,tes.o1the three materialŚand glass is tń€ The mostÓmmono| thesethreegasesin the atmośphereis nl'l'ogen.Hydrogen is /esscommon'ldn o,łgen $l' is ihe ledstcommonof these three gases.
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You musi bevery pleasedwith the successful completionof the project. Th€ French built their high.sp€ e d link l3 years ago and now we've just finishedours. Eurostartrains can now travel at a speed of up to 298kph. Th€ twin.boretunnelspass under seven mil€ s of surfacerailwaytrack. Did you use a tunneldrill like the one in this photo? The groundunder London was so hard that we wore out six of them. It meanswe spent 570 million on drills.
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Il =Interviewer:D =Directorl An interviewertalks to the CommunicationsDirectorof tlre High-SpeedRail Link project. || You must b€ very pleasedwith th€ successful completionoI the project. D: You'reright.The French built their high.sp€ e d link 13years ago and nowwe'vejust finish€ d ours'
|t.sNovemb€ r 200?and I'vejust mad€ the journey .rom Paris to London' It took m€ only two hours and fifteenminut€ s ' How last do the trains go? Eurostartrains can now travel at a speed of up to 298kph. Thats fasterthan it used to be. Y€ s ' when the channe|Tunnel openedin 1994. trainson lhe EnBlishside had lo use lhp eisring rail link f.om Folkestoneto Waterloo.The journey time then betweenLondon and Paris was two hours and fifty.liveminutes.Things sp€ e ded up a bit in 2003,when Stage i of the High.SpeedLink op€ n ed' So how long has Stage2 of the projecttaken? |t.ś taken over l l years' Engineershave worked for more than 100miUionhours. buildingover 60 kilornetresoftunnels.The twin-boretunnels - that s two tunnels runningside by side pass under seven miles ol surfacerailwaytrack. And you used a tunnel dritl like the one in this photo. ln fact w€ used sev€ n of them' The ground und€ r London and the southeastwas so hard that we wore out six of them. That must have been exp€ n sive' Y€ s ' at a cost of sl0 million each,that mealrswe spentS70miuionon tunneldrills. I think I now understandthe sire of the project. Good!BetweenFolkestoneand London your train has just tfavelledthrough32 kilometresof tunnel and crossed over 150bridges. Thanks lor all that inlormation.
The |rontof the buildingi5 made Up oftwo very large wedges, which is unusual' |n the centre, betwe€n the two wedges' there is a large open space,which is triangularThe windows in the
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the river. The windows in this buildingare all square or rectangulai.At the bottom ol the buildingaI€ pointedarch€ s for the € n trances to the building' Ther€ is a singl€ larg€ balcony at the front,on the first floor Higher up, the iront of the building divides into three triangu|arpartś,with the sides
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of the trianglesrising in steps.There is a small pointed dome at the top in the centre,supported by eight thin columnsThis is a rectangulartown house,which fits betweentwo others.Allthe windowsare rectangular,and theyall have balconies.Someol the balconiesare r€ c tangularwith round€ d corners' The oihers are triangularwith roundedcorners. SomeoI the windowsin this buildingarerectangular. oth€ r s are nr the shapeoi round€ d or pointed arches.Stepslead up to the main entrance,vhich is in th€ form oI threearches'The top part of the clock toweris very thin and reacheshigh inio the sĘ
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ll =lntervieweriE=Expertl Picture D l Where is this buildingexactly? E: It.sin copenhagen''n Denmark'It was complet€ d in 1999. I: And what is it exactly? E: It's a library.It s the Royal Danish Library. I: And the name of the architect? F' The compćn)|ha' designedIhebu.ldingis Schmidt,Hammerand Lassen. I: schmidt.Hamm€ r and .'.? E: Lasser. I ll spell the namesfor you. SC-H-M-I-D-T, HAMMER,andL-A'S-$EN. Plcture C l What about this building? E: lt's a town house in Barcelona,in Spain.It was completedbetween1898and 1899. l And why is this house famous? E: Th€ architectwas Antonicaudi' I: Could you spell that name please? E: Yes. A-N-T-O-NJ,G-A-U-N. E: This buildingis a hospital in Barcelona.Or rather, part of a largehospital called SantPau. Thafs S A N.I P.A.U. I: Thanks' Is th€ architectfamoustoo? E: Oh yes. It was des'gnedby the architectMontaner. Thats M-O-N-T-A-N-E-R. It was compleredin 1930. Il Thank you very much-
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Two-dimensionaladjectives:triangular,rectangular, semi-circular,circular.square. Three-di rensionaladjectives:conical,cylindrical, domeshaped,hemispherical, cubic,spherical, Unit 6 Procedures
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Go straightaheadat the crossroads. Turn lelt at the second set of trallic lightsAt the roundabout,take the third exit. At the roundabout,go down the slip road and join
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Come out ol the station car park and iurn left.
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Tal(ethe second turningon the right. You'll pass a garageon your left. Turn right at the T-junction.
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Direction5 I RemembeĘyou'll be driving on ih€ l€ f t. on the motorway,you ll see a slip road for SwindonBusiness Park. Dont take that one' Go on about two kilometr€ s Iurtherand take the second slip road' That on€ is also markedSwindonBusinessPark. Follow the slip road. It ll go throughan underpassunder the notorway. Now,there ar€ two sets of tralfic lights along this road' Turn right at the second set-..yes, the second set. Go straightahead at the roundabout.Th€ n you.ll see some shops on your r;ght.Oppositethe shops, you'Usee our officeon the left.Turn leit and drive round to the Visitors' Car Park at the back. Dlrectlons 2 Go along the motorway.Takethe first slip road on your left.lt'll be markedSwindonBusinessPark. Follow the slip road down a short hill and you ll come to a T-junction-Turn right lrere.yes right ... and go under the bridge.This is an underpassunder the motorway. Go a little further.At the first crossroads,go straight alread'Then you'll śeea park on your right.At the second crossroads,turn left.You'll see our office on the corner on the left.Drive into the Visitors' Car Park at the iront. Unit 7 s€ r vices
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IP=PeteriC=Customer] P: Cood morning,CustomerService.My name'sPeter How can I help you? c: Yes,good morning.l m ringingup to complain about a DVD player I boughtonline from you. Oh,l'm sorry to hear that.What's the problem? ]t just doesn.twork.It's neverworked sinc€ I took it out of the box. Does the LED come on ivhen you switch it on? And can you put a DVD in? And when you press'Play', what happens? The disk goes round,but the screen is blank. we1l,Ido apolog'sefor that.There must b€ somethingwrongwith the machin€ . What model is the DVD player? It s ... let me see.It'sa 2086model. And could I have your name please? Yes,my name is Antonia Rosiock. Thai s R-O-S-T-O-C-K. And do you have the order numberat hand? Yes,ii s order number396502/08. Good, l've got that. tught,Ms Rostock,can I just summarisethe problem?You.v€ told me that the DVD player that you boughtonline lrom us doesn t work and has neverworked.Is that right?
Cr Yes,that's right. P: Well,I can tell you that we'll replaceyour DVD player You']lreceivea replacementbycouri€ r by the end of next week.Are you still at the same address.in Liverpool? C: Yes. P: Good.We'll collect the laulty player lrom you at the C: That s greatnews. P: And we'll give you a 55 discountofl your next purchase, C: 6ood! I'll accept that. Thankyou.
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ICS =CustornerService;C =Customerl Dla.logue I C5: Can I help you? c: Yes,you can. Look at my case!The suńace is bunt. Look at that burn mark]And th€ ]ockis iamm€ d ' Dlalogue 2 CS: How can I help you? Cr Mycase got damagedduring the flight. CSr I'm sorry to hear that. Could you show me? Cr That's not diilicultl Look, the handle is all crushed and twisted.And the top is dented'see-ther€ | And it's scratched. Dlalo8u€ 3 CS: How can I help you? Cr You ve just delivereda desk to our shovrroom, At SRN Olfice Stores.The problem is. it's badly damag€ d ' The top surlace is very badlyscratched' And the front r'ght-handleg is bent. Dtalogue 4 CS: Can I help you? C: I'vegot a complaint.You'vejust delivereda desk The bottomdraweris to our offi.e.Its damaged. jammedand it's dented. CS: Dented? C: Yes.As you look at the lront ol the desk, itt dented on the left-handedge. Dta.logue5 CS: This is EasyHire.We'vegot a problemwith the hire car which you returnedlast night. c: oh r€ a l|y? cs: Yes.Th€ windscreenis cracked at the bonom cornet on the passenger! side. And the driver! door is tammed.We can t open it. Dialogue 6 CS: Hello.This is EasyHire.We'vegot a problemwith the hire carwhich you returnedthis morning. C: Oh,I'm sorryto hear that.What's the problem? CSr One of the front sidelightsis broken.And the driver,sdoor is badly dented'we'lI have to r€ p ]ace Utrtt 8 Ercrgy
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A. The motion ofa rocket is linear let enginesIorce the rocket in a Śin8le forwardsdirection-
B. oscillating motion is lound in machineslik€ clocks and watches.The pendulumof a clock oscillates from sid€ to side' As it swings.it rocks the anchor, which advanc€ s the escapewh€ e l by one tooth at a tim€ . so the escapewheel rotatesin short steps, and contro|sth€ drivingwheel and the hands o| th€ clock. C. The pistons of diesel and petrol enginesmove In a reciprocating motion. They move upwards and downwardsin the cylinders' Th€ pistons of a steam engin€ also r€ c iprocate' but move horizontal|y' The blades of many cuttingmachin€ s have a r€ c iprocating actionl lor example,a hand.heldsaw D' El€ c tric motors provide rotary power to lots of machines,tools and devices.The hard-diskdrlve in a computerrotat€ s ' other examp|eswith rotary motion include lans, outboard motors and circular saws.A chain saw haśa band of steel teeth' which is driven rorlnd and round by the motor.
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our rangeof pumps operat€ s at pressuresfrom 70 to 2,750bar Pumps can operateto a maximumflo$'rate oi ?73 litres p€ r minute. Dieselunits ar€ availablea5 sit€ trail€ r s or road trailers. Standardelectric units can be mountedon skids or our accessory rangeincludeshoses.nozzles,gunŚ Th€ s e allow the operatorto shut off the watef jet with their Ioot. Hoses rangefrom 6-32 mm in diam€ t er, to suit all applications.
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Now I m goingto talk about some applicationsofwater ielting in three industries.Im goingto give you a lew examp|es;of course.there ar€ many more. Lefs look at this lirst s|ide'the automotiv€ industry' so we're talkingabout tbe manufactureofcars,lorries, buses and so on, As one example,w€ can use water jettingto r€ m ove paint from machinery and conveyors.B€ c ause it's hard to removepaint' w€ may use pressur€ s from 10'000psi up to 40'000psi' Y€ s . that's 'ortythousand' lour.oh. Lel s lookala secondIndustry. theconstruction industry'so the conśtructionof bui|dings'roads, bridgesand so on. In this industry,we can use water jettinglor removingconcrete,or dirt, or oil lrom all kinds of vehic]esand mixer truck' we don't ne€ d a high pressurefor this; 5,000psi will be high enough. A third industry is hjghwaymaintenanceiso th€ maintenanceof roads,bridges and so on. Two applicationsh€ r € : the lirŚt is the removjngoI oi|and mud lrom roads,bridgesand llyov€ r s' For this we use a pressureof between5,000and 10,000psi. The second applicationis for clearingblockagesfrom drains. For this we need a h'gher pressure.say betw€ e n 10.000and 14,500psi.
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Do you have any questionsabout these sample applications? I]Ńt 9 Measurement ll =IntervieweriT =Technic'anl
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I: How sale were the cars that were testeclin 1997? Ti Cornparedwiih today,theyvere much less saie. I: What salety leaturesd'd they have nr 1997? T: They had vefy lew Almost none of the cars hacl alrDags. I: What do you mean by a 'marginal'salety rating? T: Marginal'means 'not very satisfactory',or in other words, not very good'. Ii ls on€ . star better or worse than iive-star? T: on+star iśthe lowest safeiy ratiDg'Five star is the highestsaiety ratingtoday. I: Are cars safernow thar they used to be1 T: New cars are safer now,becausethey are strongerand have more saiety leatures.
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I: How safewere the cars that you tesred in 1997? T: Comparedwith today,they were much less safe. They had very lew sa{etyfeatures.For example, almost hall of the cars didn't have airbags.Out of these four snall cars, one ol them didn t have an arrDag. I: Which one s'as that? T: The Lindos had no airbag. I: What about the oiher three? T: Well,the Hydra and the Syros both had a single airbag for tbe dr'ver.And the PŁxos had dual airbags.so better than average. l And did it have the highestsafety ratingl T: No, in lact it didnt. The Pa,xoswas rated'acceprable'. The Syros was rated'good'.The Hydra was rated 'marginal'andthe Lindos was rated poori
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I: Tell me about the results lor 2000. T: As you can see,they were still sellinga lew cars without airbags.So the Lorca, Ior exampie,had no arrDag. l : And what about the other threel T : The Pamplonaand the Malagaboth had dual airbags. The Zamorajust had one driver's airbag. Whai about their salety raiings?Werethey better thanin 1997? T: Yes,generally.As you can see,we changedto a star rating,with one-starthe lowest and iour-starthe highestsafeiy rating. I i And clidanyof theseIourcars get a iour-starratingl T : Yes,the Malagahad a fou. star rating and the Pamplonahad three stars.The Zamorahad two stars and th€ Lolca had a one star rating'
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l Tell me about the results lor 2007. T: Well,by 2007a five-starratinghad becomethe highestratingbecausesafetystandardshad 68
improvedso much.All but two oi the cars ihat we tested got a five-starrating.The two models that didn't get five stars lrad a four,starratirg. And all the cars had airbags. l Al1ol them? T: Yes.all eight oI them.One of the carc had only one airbag for the driver. l: I see.And the other seven? T: T',pvdll had fronr.srdad-d hFadr:rbJgs. Unit 10 Forces
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The digitalcamerafits easily into your hand ard weighsonly 125grams-It $ithstands corros'on and should last for years. TIrediver's watch is lor specialistdivers and is waIe'p'ÓÓfUp lo 60 melrps'It'saIso!er\ lougn and won t break.Corrosion?Not a problem.Just rinse the waich after diving irrsalt water If you wani to keep your documentsand valuables safe at home,why not get a hone safe from our range?Each model is very strong and very hea\T. so burglarsrvoDt be able to carry it out of your house.Italso protectsthe contentsiroln fire and heat and resists corrosion. We sell a largerangeol helmetsfor cyclists and bikers.Our bikers'helmetsare very strong.They don't burn, ihey don t breakand they withstand
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Tbe main ailn oi this presentation is to discuss the danger to London of flooding. and to examine th€ causes. \Ve'lla1so examine the iopic of flood delences. I d like to stat by llsiing three main causes of possible floodins: (1) the rise in sea levels; (2) the combination oI high tidcs ancl surge tides coming from the northeast; (3) thc sinking oI southeast Lngland. Let's move on to llood delences. In the 197{ls.the banks ol ihe River Thanes below London were raised bytwo netres. About 32 kilometres ol flood delences $ere improved in this r!ay. Above London, approximately 80 kilonetres oi river banks were raised. T h a l b r ' n q s I n e t o l h e T h r m p s B d r ' r e ' .a \ ' g moveable flood barrier that was bullt in the 1970s. As you can see in this photo, the barrier consists oI ten moveable gates. which are pivoted and supported between these concrete piers. When closed, the barrier
can withstanda pressuIeof 9,000tonnes.The probl€ m , how€ v € r , is that this barrier will not b€ enoughto prevent future flooding, because sea levels are rising. As shown on the first graph,in 2001an IPCC report predicteclan annualrise of less than 2 mm.Thls lorecast a rise ofjust ove| 40 cm in sea lev€ l s bythe € n d ol th€ twentyjirst century. However'th€ next graph indicat€ s that sea levels are rising laster than we € x pect€ d . Betweenl993 and 2006, sea levels rose by 3.3mm per year on average.This wou|dresult in a rise ol nearly 90 cm byth€ end of the century. Myobjective in this talk has been to list the factors that could causeflooding'to examin€ the possible effects,and to discuss methodsoi ilood prevention. I'd |iketo Iinishby showingyou this map of the aJ€ a s of London that will be below sea level by the year 2100. Irwe do nothing.a]l thes€ areaswi1lflood' Unit ll D€'ign
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Cood morningeveryone. The aim of this talk is to examinethe differ€ n ce betwe€ n monohu|llerri€ s and mu|tihulllerries,or catamarans. |.dlike to startby askjngyou a qu€ s tion. How o|dis the catamaran design?The answer is that it was probably first used by lishermen in southem lndia about 1.500years ago.Later the design spread through southeastAsiaAnd that bringsm€ to the designol th€ catamaran.It has two hulls,which are joined tog€ t h€ r by a fram€ . In the West,peoplehave built sportingand commercial catamaransfor the past 100years.And now th€ y are also used as very largelerries,like the one on this slide. Each of the two hu]lsls power€ d by one englne' A1lright,now l€ t \ turn to some olthe advantagesof th€ catamaran design. First, thelre lighter and laster. Also, becausemultihulls are wider than monohulls,their stabilityis better.The catamaranSoesfastestwhen the wavesarcsmall' Now I.dlik€ to move on to the dimensionsol theseferries.lfyou look at this nex slide, you can see the largest catamaran ferry in use today. |t'sapproximately126metresłong.just over 40 metres wide,and has adepth of 4.8metresin the water Right,so now lets look at the load that this ferry can First,th€ Hss 1500'lt can cary over 1500passengers and 375cars' Neń' the Hss 900.As its nam€ suggests' it can carry 900passengersand iust over 200cars. Let's talk about performancedata.How last can it go? When in servjce,the HSS 1500travels at over 75 kph, althoughit can reach a maximumspeed oI over ll0 kph. The HSS 900is a little slower. So,was there a problem with the catamarandesign? No. But there was a problemwith the allum;niumalloy used for the hulls. Finally,I should mentionsome more disadvantagesof the multi-hullferry.An importantone was the build
cost. It is alwaysmore expensiveto build a multihu|l ferry than a monohul|ferry.Then ther€ was the questionof runningcosts. |.dlike to linish by showingyou this graph,whiĆh comparesthe fuel costs ol the two types of ferry, monohulland multi-hull.Theres a huge dillerencellt's more expensiveto run one multi-hullferry than it is to run sev€ n monohul|Ietries' So, the rnostimportantfactor today is luel consumption.Fuel costs are certain to rise, not fall, in future.so' I dont think we shall see the construĆtionof any more multi hull ferries. Thank you. Unlt 12lnDovation
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Hello and welcome.This week,we have an expert on car and lorty senŚors,Hans Anklam.welcom€ ' Hans.So let! talk about the new ttre sensorwhich your company has developed.First of all, i,!'hatis it exactly? sE: It.sa Tyre Pressur€ Monitoringsystem.or TPMS ior short. l: And what\ it for? What does it do exactly? sE| It monitorsth€ pressureand temp€ r atur€ o' your b'r€ s ' l: Why do we need this new sensor? SE: The lirst reasonis to preventroad tralfic accidents. 20 percentof accidentsare caused by tyre failure. In addition,a survey śhowedthat 20 p€ r cent of cars had t}Testhat w€ r € under'inf]at€ d . l: So, using these sensors will help reduce accidents? SE: Yes, detinitely. I: And what technologyor principle is this sensor SE: lt makesuse ol electronicsensor technology,and also wireleśsdata display. I: So the main componentis a sensor? SE: That's right.It'splaced directly onto the wheel inside the t}'r€ , with a c|amtrinor snaPin fitting' I: So, tellme about its operation.How does it work? SE: The system consists of four valve-mountedbrre pressuresensors,and one central radio frequency receivlngunit,which is poweredby batterlesThe inlormationis transmittedbywireless to the display in front of you, whereyou can see the pressureand temperaturedata. l: And it's easyto install,you say? SE: Yes,becausethere are no v{lres.And the battery lasts lor ten years,or 100,000miles. RjghtlCould you sum up the advantagesof this new tyre pressuremonitoringsystem? SE: Of course.Number one,it reduces tyre lailure and resultingaccidents.Two, it helps reduce t''re wear. And thr€ e , it helps to reduce lu€ l consumption. Ir Really? SE:It's a fact.And we all know how much a tanklul of petrol costs th€ s e days.
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1 Action 1 Teamwork
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2 nozzle 3 flap 4 m€ c hanic 5 wheelgun 6 7 cr€ w 8 iack Verticalword:teamv{ork 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 I 2 3 4 5 6 7
Driv€ the fu€ I tank€ r to the plane. Open the tuel flap under the wing. Push th€ nozzle into the fuel socket. Switch on the pump. Pump fuel into the plane's luel tanks. Switch off the pump. Removethe fue|nozzl€ . close the fu€ | flap. Clean any spilled fuel off the plane. The car leavesthe plt lane. The driv€ r closes the fuel ||ap' They tightenthe wheel nuts. They lower the car to the ground. som€ o ne switches o'l the Iuelpump. They put on the new wheels. They bńngout the newwheels.
2 Training 1
Br Bi B: B: B: B: B:
I've switchedit on. I'm liftingit up now. |'ve takenth€ m out. I'm puttingthem in now. I'vepushed them in. I'vepressed'Return . I'm waiting.I'm still waiting!Ah! I think it s finished. A: Good!Nov{you can turn/switcholl the printer, or print a docum€ n t' 1 S: How are you getting on? T: Just a minute.I'vetaken apart the alarm. S: Good-Have you checkedthe wiring? T: No, not yet. I'm still checkingit2 S: How is the work goinS? T: Hang on. I'm still cleanlngthe spark plugs. S: Have you put on the new tyres yet? T: Yes,l've put them on. 3 Sr How are you gettingon? T| Just a minut€ . I've takenoff the handles. s| Haveyou paintedth€ doors y€ t ? T| No' I'm sti|l paintlngth€ m ' It'salmost finished. 4 S : How is the work golng? T: I'm still fittingthe new hard disk. It'salmost finished. s: Hav€ you instal|ed the memoIy card yet? T: No, not yet- I'll do it next.
3 Method
I 2
A5 I 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
I 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
E6 FI pressing You start the molor by this button. A person coming near the house turns on the light by activatingthe motion sensor You switch it on by pressingthis button. The driver stalts the engineby turningthe k€ y in the lock. You start the chargingprocess by pluggingin the adapterand switchingit on. The store protectsgoods by attachinSa magneticstrip to them. The sa1€ 5 person deactivatesthe stńps by passingthem over a scanner. A tniel wil| activat€ the alarm by carr}'lng unsold goods betweenthetransmitt€ r and 84
C3
D2
How much does the robot weigh? How tall is the robot? How does the robot stay upright on the bike? What helps the robot ride in a straiShtline? Where is the camera? How does the robot follow the cofiect road? How does the robot receiveinslructlons? Where is the wirelessreceiver?
4 Word list I 4 6 9
wheel*irn 2 front/rear 3 air pressure outboard motor 5 emeĘency stop accelerator 7 visor 8 water heater chest
2 Work 1 Routines 1 a) second pictlrre b) first picture c) third picture 2 I What is Sven dolng today? 2 3 4 5 6
He trains sub-seaengineers. He's operatingthe main crane. He maintainsthe punps. He's conductinga fire drill. What does Eric usually do?
I 2 3 4 5 5 7
The Electrician The MaintenanceSupervisor The D€ r rick Man The crane op€ r ator The Derrick Man The Driller The Assistant Crane Operator and the Roustabout
2 Plans 1
2 3
is Soingout are they goingto do? are Solngto inspect is going? are th€ y goingto stay want to linish n€ e d to inspect lntend to come hope to start stee|meshbarrielś,lightweightsal€ t y nets Dear Peter, Thank for your email. with relerenceto your enquiry about steel mesh barriers,I conlirm that I have found a company that supplies a good product.I attach some pages ftom th€ l r website'Do let m€ klow ifyou think thls system ls suitable. The Śame companyalso supp|iesand fits safety netŚ' As you are aware,it is importantto lit the salety nets correctly. Could you pleaselet me know if you need prices belore Friday? Regards, Jay
Do you want to apply for that post too? wh€ n € x actly did you start your Job at wiggins? so is that more responsibi|ityand mor€ pay? Why do you want to leave Wiggins? I lst syllable stressed:engine,mechanism, operatot technical. 2 2nd syllable stressed|€ I ectrical, electron, m€ c hanica], technician' 3 3rd syllable stressed:electrician,electricity, engineet occupation. I 2 3 4
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 t
4 Word list I 3 5 7
Section1 I
t
CunlculumVllae PerconEl Informallon 2
Surname / First name(s) D€ s iled
(1)Computertechnician (2)SupeNisor
Workexp6rlence Dates
From January 2004 to 2008
Occupataon or positionheld
Computertechnician
Mainactivitiesand Do computerupgrades;install responsibilities software, memory cards, anta-virussystems, etc. Do site visits. Upgrade clients'
31
Rgaśonfol |gaving wantsto moveto Swindon;
presenvlast
it'stoo far to travelto present company;now livingin Swindon.
He's replacingthe spark plu8s.B They're carrying some batteries.K She's rotatingthe wheel.I They're examiningthegeneratorC She's strippingoff the old paint. E H€ ' s activatingthe alarm.J she's inseńing a key. L She's runninga trainingcourse.F He's raisingthe car.A She'ssteppingon the alarm pad. G He\ puttingon afire suit. D shes r€ c eivinga mobile signal.H bring out-tate away loos€ n - tighten put in - take out lower- raise put on - take off start - turn off switch off - switch on I 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 l0 1l l2
turn oII ]oosen 7 tighten l 0 switch on
4
2 raise 5 tałe out 8 put on 11 start
3 takeoff 6 putin I lower
Section 2 I
Nameand addrgss SuperLink,Unit 12, De||yEnd hdustńa|Estate Typ6ol busingssor Information Technology
2 Electrlclans 4 Engineers 6 SiteManagers
Review Unit A
3 New job 'I
Crane operators Drillers Safety Officers Roustabouts
2
I position 2 CV 3 personalinformation 4 education 5 qualifications 6 trainlng 7 businesssector 8 skllls 9 work € x perience l0 iob tltle ll job description 12 13 employer 14 activities 15 responsibilities Thanks for your € m ai|' with r€ g ard to the satety Conferenceneyt week,l'd l;keto confirm that I plan to attend.Sorry for the shoit notice.I attach th€ PowerPointslides that you rcquested.This is a]soto let you know that I'l1€ m al|you the ExecutiveSummaryby Friday at the latesr. As you may know,Marco Burgoshas been ill lor the past month' I am sorry to t€ | l you that he is
ill
goinginto hospital for an opelation' Fortunat€ ] y, his deputy'Pedro Granada'wil| take part in th€ Forum instead.l would appreciateit ifyou could lorward this email to the person responsiblelor printing the ConferenceProgramme. Do let me lmow if you need any turtherinformation. Kind regards, Kurt Brandt.
3 Equipment 'I
2
rb zc ab 4b 5c 6b I
2
3 Comparison
3
1 Limits 1
I 35 minutes. 2 A crossing by tunnel. 3 Containers,unaccompaniedtrailers,large abnormalloads. 4 Journeysare quickeri loadingand unloading takesless time;thele ar€ more frequenttra'n iourneys than Ierry departures;thetrains are not alfectedby th€ wealher 5 Bad weathercan caus€ delays or cance|lation of ferry departures. 44 tonnes. I Lorriesmuslnol be heourelthan 2 Lot|ies mustnol be longerthan 18.75m€ t res. 3 Lo||iPsnusl nol be h'gńerthan4'2 me|res' 4 Lotries mu not be uiderthan 2.6metres. 5 The /€ n glł 1imitdepends on the individual ferry' 6 The ńeigłrlirn'l for lorries on all lerries i5 4.8rnetres. 7 The uidth linit ior lorries on all ierries is 6.7metres. 8 The ueightlin tor standardlorries is 44 tonnes.
2 Products I 2
ll
2 3 4 5
?f
3a 4g 5d 6b 7e
I Would you like me to put you throughto our sa|esD€ p artment 2 shall I send you a catalogue? 3 Could you give me your nameand address, please? 4 Is that B for Bravo or P for Peter? 5 And your addr€ s s' pl€ a s€ ? 6 could you sp€ l l .wyatt'' please? 7 Would you mind repeatingthe post code? 8 Could I take a phone number? l
li,
fc
which one would you lik€ to order.the l50 or the 200? Th€ larg€ r one, the 200mod€ ] ' I'd like the largerone, please. I'd like the r€ d and cream on€ . Right' I'Iltalrcthe mor€ expensiveone. th€ one at € 5 25.
4
1 2 3 4 5 6
The neareststar that can be seen with ue nakedeye is call€ d Alpha centauri' |t's4'36 light years away and can be seen from the southernhemispher€ . A Japaneseship sent down an unmannedprobe to the deepestpoint on th€ seabedat a place called the Ma-rianasTrenchin the Pacific Ocean. The Mohs scale of mineralhardnesswas createdin 1812.Il rangeslrom talc.whichis numberone on the scale. to diamond,which is numberten. Silver is the softestof the three materialsand glass is the hardest. The most commonof thes€ three gasesis nitrogen.Hydrogeni5 l€ s s commonthan oxygen and is the least commonof these thre€ gases' sherakhanis the leaśtexpensiveoI the yachts. oceanco 702iŚ nol as exTensiveas A]ysia' The second longestyacht ;s O'Mega. Alysia is the second fastestof the yachts. F€ w € r guestscan stay on o.Megathan on Alysia' There ar€ Iewercrew membersper gueston Alysia than on Oceanco70f.
4 Word list
1 trailer 2 luggage 3 cubic capacity 4 rool rack 5 4"4 6 steel rim wheel 7 wheelbase 8 clearance 9 cab
4 rrocesses 1 Infrastructure 1
Chann€ l tunnel opens:t994 Rail Link stage l op€ n s: 2003 Rail Link Stage2 opens:2007 London-Paris (2002):2 hours,55 minutes London-Paris (2007):2hours, 15 minutes Stage2tookllyears Manpowen 100million hours Numb€ r oi tunneldri]ls used:7 s70 million @ cost p€ r drill: s10 nli|lion A train travels through32 kms ol tunnelsand over 150bridges 1 You must be very pleas€ d with the successful completionof the project. 2 The French built their high-speedlink 13years ago and now we ve just linished ours. 3 Eurostartrains can now travel at a speed ol up to 298kph. 4 The twin-boretunnelspass under seven miles of surfacerailwaytrack. 5 Did you use a tunn€ l drill like the one in this photo? 6 The groundunder l,ondonwas so hard that we wore out six ol th€ m . 7 It meanswe spent S70million on drills.
Antifreezeis used to preventthe water in the radiator from lreezing. Rust is preventedlrom building up in the radiator system by the use of antiire€ z e' Also.lhe boilingpointof the waterln the cooling system is increasecl. First the bonnetoI the car is opened. Thenthe cap to the resewoir is unscrewed. Next the antifreezeis pour€ d into th€ res€ r vo'r. At this stage,a funnelis used to avoid spilling antifreezeonto the car. Finally,alter pouringin the correct amount,the cap is screwed back on.
2
Review Unit B Section1 '|
2 Manufacturing 1 2
2A 3C 4D 5F 68 l First, all the ingredientsare w€ l ghed and mixed togetherin largetubs. Cream,nilk and sugar are used to make ice cream. 2 Firsr,rhe mix is hearedro 82' C to kill off bacteria.Then the mix is cooled rapidly to 4'C. 3 Nexl, flavoursand colours are added to the mix, 4 Then the mix is pumped througha special barrel freezer Simultaneously,a lot of air 's whippedinto it.Up ro halfrhevolumeof icp
8 greater 9 safer 10 faster 11 more powerful 12 better 13 more expensive 15 less 16 better 2
3 Communications 'I
2
2 downlink
I
3 uplink 4 radio 5 6 pufferjets 7 pressurisedtank I ring ol rechargeablebatteries 9 solar panels 10 blrs (=frame) l 1 main rocket nozzle lb I 2 3 4 5 6 ?
2a 3a 4b 5a 6b 7a The first artificialsatellitewas a metal ball, which measuredI metreacross and weighed 83 kg. It had lour |ongantennas.which s€ n t radio signals back to Earth. The first creaturein space was a dog called Laika,which spent ten days in orbit in 1957. In 1968'Apouo 8, which orbit€ d the Moon' sent photos back to Earth. The first man on the Moon was Neil Armstrong. who |andedth€ r € in 1969. The first tourist in space was a man called Mark shuttl€ w orth. who paid $20million lor his trip' Two Mars Rovers,which landed in 2003,sent back inlormationabout the planetto Earth.
4 Word list I
conveyorbelt,driveshaft,hydraullccylinder.drain plug,assemblyllne' air conditioning'lill€ r cap laser guide' paint shop, Pc monitor.sat€ ] lite dish, feedhorn, communicationssatellite,DTV card
1 faster 2 mor€ 3 higher 5 larger 6 larger
lE
5 At this point. iruits, nuts or biscuit piec€ s are added to the semi-frozenmixture, 6 nna|ly,the ice cr€ a m is packed in tubs and put into a blast freezerat-30'to-40" C. So thetubs of ice cream are {rozento mak€ them harder'
At the beginning:first After thisr next,then At the same timermeanwhile,simultaneously At the encl:Ilnally,lastly
1 Letter:|fyour itemfits insidethe blue area'l'€ ' ls less than 240 " 165mm,is no thickerthan 5 mm and vr€ i ghs under l00g' it is classedas a Letter 2 tŹrge Letter:l| your item fits inside the gi€ y area,i.e.is less than 353 x 250 mm,is no thicker than 25 mm and weighs under 7509,it is classed as a LargeLetter 3 Pack€ t | lf your item Iits insidethe whlte ar€ a . i'e' is more than353' 250mm or is thickerthan25 mm or weighsover 750g,it is classedasaPacket.
Section2 1I
2
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 l0 ll l2
which weigh are loaded which is is pressed ił'hich by Neń is glued ;s trimmed Ajter this
13 are fed 14 which 15 are waxed 16 to 17 First l8 ls made l9 ls lltted 20 are led 2l are 22 Finally 23 are banded 24 transported
I Satetlitesare put into orbit round the Earth by 2 Electricity is provided by ce||son the solar pan€ls' 3 A satellites orbit is changedby the rocket at the base of the satellite. 4 weather plctureŚ all over the world are collect€ d by dozens of satellitesin orbit. 5 Weatherphotos are transmittedback to Earth by radio signals. 6 Inages from survey satelliteŚare used by computersto updatemaps.
1s ,l
il
5 Descriptions 1 Uses 1 I Chisels are for cutting out pieces ol wood. f
Jump leads are used for carrying an el€ c trica] current from a chargedbarteryto a llat one. 3 Carburettorsa|e design€ d to mix fuel with air 4 The two thick lins at the rear of a ship act as stabi]is€ r s' 5 Lightningconductorsare d€ s ign€ d to Ćarry electric'tydown the side of a build'ngin a
2 3
6 The impell€ r on a jet ski actśas a propellerand pushes the cralt throughthe water.
3
A : 3 . 4 , 9 ,1 0 ,1 2 l
Brl,6,8 C i 2 , 5 ,? , s€ v eral of th€ m tied togethercan iunction as
4 Investorsar€ people who put money into a new 5 The Internetrsa systemrhatconnectspC users
2 You can split it and sow seeds in ir. 3 You can cover a containerof rubbish with rr. 4 sev€ r al of then can act as protectorson the sides of a boat.
6 websites are syst€ m s which allowyou !o access and downloadinformation. 7 Technicians are peoplewho sprviceand repair equipment.
5 You can put one over your b€ d to keep out 6 It can be used for coveringfurniture.
4 Word list
digital-sonar.transmit,overboard,consist, atarmpod. hydrophone,helm unit, submerge, transduceĘhull, dashboard.reIay'viśibIe. audibIe. via. navigate.
2 Appearance 1 ID 2B 3C 4A
2
BuildingA
City
Bulldhg C
Barcelona Barcelona
Country Spain
Spain
hospital
BuildingD
2 The ZoombaVacuumCleaneris a rechar8eaore robot that/whichcleans floors automatjcally. 3 The GarageParkingsensor iśasensor systenr lhal whichIirsto your garageuall and helps you to park saiely. 4 The Ticko mini helicopteris a radiGcontrolled toy that/whichflies for up ro 10 minutes. 5 str€ e t G|idersare two-vrheeleddevices thav which lit on the heels ofyour shoes. 6 Th€ E-xtendable window cleaner is a tool that/ which extendsup to 3.5metresand allows you to clean high windows from th€ ground' 1 A sales person js a person who takes an order 2 An invFnloris someonewbodesignsnewdevices. 3 Entrepreneursare peoplethat s€ t up new
Copenhagen
6 rroceoures
Denmark
1 Safety
library
building
1
ld I
1930
1898-1899 1 9 9 9 Gaudi
Schmidt, Hammer&
2 3 4
3
4
I triangular 2 4 cylindrical 5 7 hemispherical8 10 cubic ll
conical 3 rectangutar semj"circular6 dom€ . shaped circular I square spherical
Twołim€ n s'onal adjectives:triangulaJ, rectangular,semi.circular.circuiar,square. ThreełimensionaIadjectives:conical' cylindrica|' dom€ - shap€ d , h€ m ispherical' cubic'spherical.
3 Definitions 1 IE 2B 3C 4A 5F 6D 2 1 The UltrasonicDistanceMeter is a portable
instrumentthat/whichallows you to measure
E
5 6 ; 8 I 2 3 4 5 6
2f 3b 4a 59 6e 7c All fork-lifttrucks should be mainrainedby a specialistcontractor safe op€ r ating instrUctionsshould be provjded for each type ol lork-lifttruck. Unqualiliedoperatorsshould not be altoweoro drive fork liit trucks. Vehiclesmust not be lelr unattendedwith ure engrnerunninS. Trucks neeclto be parked overnightin designatedareaswith the brakeson. A battery-poweredtruck needs to be put on chargeat the end ol each workingday. Ą llul'k mUstnot be tałenon lhe highway s ilhoul the warehousemanageaspermission Levels of oi1.water and antifreezen€ e d to be checkedat the start oI each working day. If you hear the fire alarm,stay calm. When the fire alarm sounds,the building must be evacuaieclimmediately, Sropworkat onceand switcho(fattmachines. Do not stop to gatheryour personalbelongings. Do not use tbe lift. Do not reenter the buildinguntit a Fire Olficer gives the all{lear.
7 If you discover a iire, b.eak the glass on the nearestlire alarm, 8 Only use a fire extinguisherif you have receivedfire extinguishertraining. - the iire is very small. - by doing this you will not place yoursell in
4 Word list
'I
9 A1laisl€ s . stairways'escaperoutesand fire exits must be kept clear of blockag€ s and rubbish' i0 Fire doors should not be wedgedopen.
2
1 II a diver's position is not known,they must be located immediately. 2 II a diver is trapped underwaier,they should be freedwith a kniie. 3 II a diver's orTgenis low' an extra air cylinder should be provided. 4 Ii a casualty is not buoyant,their wetsuit should be inIlated. 5 II a casualty is slightly injured,Iirst aid should be given in the boat. 6 II a casualtyis not breathing,artiiicial respirationmust be carried out at once. 7 II a casualtyis seriously injured,the rescue services must be phoned. Do get permissionfrom the iandownerbeforeyou visit a cave on their property, Do use undervater lin€ s so you don.t get lost' Do wear a helmetand a lYetsuit. Don,tw€ a r a drysuit. Don,tattach your air bottl€ to your back' Don.tdiv€ with a buddy.
Review Unit C
2 1
3
Section1 I generator 4 proiractor 7 receiver
3
t operatea 4 display 7 display 10 labelledwith
2 transmitter 5 stabiliser 6 conductor 8 propeller 2192e3h4t5a6b7d8c
2 J
Go straightahead at the crossroads. I urn ,ertar thc sp.ondsprot lrafficli',jhLs. At the roundabout,take the third exit. At the roundabout.go down the slip road and join tbe motorway. 5 Come out of the station car park and turn leit. 6 Takethe second turningon the right. 7 You'll pass a garageon your left. 8 Turn right at the T-junction. Directions 1i DestinationA Directions2rDestinationC Remember,you'll be driving on the 1elt.On the motorway,you'll s€ e a slip road lor srvindon Busin€ s s Park' Takethis slip road' when you come to the rounclabout,tate the second exit.That ll lakpyou a.rossd Ilyoverovprrl.e1rolorqJt At the other end of the llyover,you ll come to a T-junction.Turn left at the T-junction.Go along this road and you']l se€ a large Leisure Centreon your right.Just a bit lurther you ll see our o{fice on the left.Turn left here and you'Il see a sign to the Visitor's Car Park.
2 5 8 ll
unable 3 equipment detect 6 functions programmed 9 consists controls 12 by means of
Section 2 1
1 theirs 2 them 3 theyhavetaken 4 they pass 5 theirs 1 2 3 4
I locate 2 attendedto 3 attract 4 towed 5 recommended 6 authorised 7 bestrapped 8 overload I bestacked l0 behandled 11 be inflated
1
3 Directions 1
I firsi aid f scuba diver 3 safetyissue 4 recovery position 5 evacuat;onprocedure 6 aJtilicial respiration 7 ca.dio-pulmonary resuscitation 8 chemicalspill 9 wetsuit 10 hand truck
2
1 2 3 4 5 ti 7 8 I l0 l1
must be transported.nust be lock€ d towed,must not be used must be displayed is required,is allowed must b€ converted'must be inspected must be carried may be carried,must be secured is permitted,is authorised loaded.must not be left should be avoided shou]d be carried out, ar€ loaded,has to b€ refuelled,should be carried out, turned off Sanpte ansuer Leave ih€ port by GateA- You'll come to a crossfoads.Turn lelt at the crossroads.Then you ll go lnto an underpassunder the highway. Continuepast the Le'sure Centreuntil you come to a Tjunction near the sea.Turn right here.Takethe Iirst turningon the right. On this streetthere are tbree sets of iraffic lights. Go straightaheadat the first two sets of traffic 1ights.Tb€ n you'll pass a big cinema on the left' At the third set of trałficlights'turn right. Takethe second € x it at the firsi roundabout,and the fourth exit at the second roundabout Alter that,take the ihird turningon the left.lf you come to the beach,you ve gone too far Do a U'turn and go back ancltake the first turningon the right.Stay on this road. ln 35 kilometres,you'Il come to the mine.
7 Services 1 Technicalsupport I
2
ll
3 Dealin with comDlalnts lai 1
21 3g 4c 5e 6a 7h 8d 9b
Date and time of call
10.45 2008/02/25
Ordernumber
386502/08
Descdption of goods
3 There could be a loose connection.Why don t you unplugthe printer and plug it in again? 4 The ink caJtridgemust be empty.You could check the level of ink rema;ning. 5 The print head nozzles may hav€ becomedirty' Try cleaningthe print head nozzles. You must have checkedthe 'Automatic box on the Paper Handlingmenu.Why don t you check the'Reverse button on the menu?
2 Reportingto clients
Oetailsof comolaint
5b were built 6i was installed 9e was built
replace;C5 discountoff
Solution ofiered
Customerresponse
2r
B 2C 3F 4D 51 6H 3 1 Thankyou for 2 complainingabout 3 I am sorry to hear 4 Unlortunately 5 6 Howev€ r 1 I am pleasedto inform you 8 a full refund I purchaseprice I 0 I apoiogiseIor the inconvenience I I Pleasedo not besitate 1
Word list
1 lf was appointed
2a were widened 3g was constructed
DVo o|av€r 2086
I You must have checkedthe Colour'box. Try checkingthe Black' box. You mighthave check€ d the .Fin€ ' box on the PrintQualitym€ n u.You cou1dcheckthe.Draft'
1 I admit
4 apologise relund
2 record 5 oller 8 deal with
3 summarise 6 replace
8 Energy 1 Wavepower 1
B
c
o
Unit38 Wesl BusinessPark SwindonSN426BH
QlolationrExtensionat Swindonotlice Thankyou foryourletlerof 31si January2004.invitingus |o p|gparoa quolaljoń for lhe above prciect. W€ visitedlh6 sit6on 1ah February2008and took m€ a sL'rsmonlś and pholos.I havep|easu€ in enc|ośing our r€ p ort' inc|udingoul|inep|as and ourquotalion' Ou reesarc ag@d on ajob-by-jobbsis. This can be a lixed sum, or a hourly Ete, or a pe.centage ol the project cosl. Thereis no chargeforrhe initialvisii and quotalion. |l you n6€d lo discuss the detai|sof the rcpoń' p|e6e do not hesilale to contacl us.
jet
2 3
lb 2a 3a. a 4a 5a, b 6b 7b
Removingpaant 10,000 from machineryand - 40,000 2 ConstructionRemovingconcr€ t 6' 5,000 diń and oi|'from 3 Highway
76
Removing oiland
5,000 - 10,000
bridgesand tlyovers Clearingblockages 10,000 - 14,500
2 1
2 3
2r
F noinec Intakestroke,compression slroke.combuslion stroke,exhauststroke tD 2A 3C 48 5E 6G 7F 8t 9H 10J 1lL 12K r3M petrol engine,electric motor la
2 3
2a 3a 4b 5a 6c
3 Coolingand heating 'I
2l
4
When a gas condenses,it becomesa liquid. when a liquid solidifies,it becomesa solid. When a solid melts,it becomesa liquid. When a liquid evaporates,it becomesa gas-So, lor example,ice (a solid) melts and becomeswater (a liquid).And when water boils. the water (a liquld) evaporates and becom€ s steam (a gas).With coo|ing,the steamcondensesand turns to water,With freezing, the tr'atersolidilies and turns to ice, ext.actor 3 Condensation 5 Evaporation 7 reaction 3 is reduced
ll abśo.bs l3 condensingunit 15 condensercoils
2 4 6 8
operation compressor Refrigeration decompression 2 provides 4 supports 6 refrigerant I blower 10 evaporatorcoils 12 return tube 14 fan 16 blower
5 6
I 3 5 7
1 't
1 int€ r nakombustion engine 2 cam 3 intake port 4 intakevalve 5 sparkplug 6 piston 7 crankshalt 8 cylinder 9 exhaustvalve
Section1 I connected 2 unpluggtng 4 have 5 7 interfered 8 change
2lc2b3e4d h a v et o 3l 4 can 7may8 10 have to
2 5 should may I I carnot
3 plugging 9 3 should 6 should 9 has to
Section 2 1
I 3 5 7 I ll l3
piston cylinder inl€ t port piston sparkplugs exhaustgases piston
2r
decompress compressor evaporator lan a set of coils
I You measure air pressure in psi with a tyre pressuregauge. 2 A barometeris used for measuringpressurein kilopascals. 3 \ou use an odomclcrlo measuredislanecin kilometres, 4 scalesare used'or measuńn8weightin ki|ogams' 5 You measurepower output in Wattswith a
8 An altimeteris used for measuringheight above sea l€ v e| in metres. 9 You measurerate of heart beat in beats per second with a heart rate monitor.
2 5 2 3l 4 lubricated 5 7 8 4
less than
l0
intervals after
3 alvrays 6 every
changed inspect€ d renelved
3 checked 6 topped up 9 ren€wed
2 Sensors l
2 edges 4 housing 6 air and fuel mixture 8 mldure 10 outlet port 12 chambers 14 drive shaft
2 4 6 8 l0
6 YoU use a stop watch to meŹsuretime in seconds. 7 A tachometermeasuresspeed in kilometresper
Review Unit D 1
absorb expand condenśel eYpansion valve refrigerant
9 Measurement
4 Word list 1
As the rotary piston rotates,it uncoversthe inlet port, which allows the air aJld fuel mil(ture to flow into the cylinder As the piston rotates,the mixtureis compressedinto a small space betweenthe piston and the cylinder wall. when the compresśed fuel is ignitedbythe two spark plugs,the expandinggasesdrive the piston round on the power stroke, As the piston rotates,it uncoveB the outlet port, which lets the exhaustgasesescape. As the triangularpiston createsthr€ e chambers,there are three ignitionsfor each rotation of the piston. As the rotary engine has only two moving parts,the piston and the drive sha{t,higher rotationspeedsare possible,
l Comparedwitb today,theywere muĆhlesssafe. 2 They had very few.Almost none ol the cars had arrbags. 3 .MaĘina|.means.notvery satisfactory',or in other words, not very good'. 4 one-staris the loweśtsafetyrating,so much worse than fiveŚtar Five.starratingis the highestsaiety ratingtoday. 5 New cars are safer now' becausethey ar€ strongerand have more safetyfeatures.
Airbags Driver's Dual
1997
Hydra 2 Undos 3 Syros
The aim ol the impact-resistance test was to discover if the materialwould bend or break wh€ n it was hammeredwith forc€ . Thp objFctiveof the .omprcssivFstrengthtest was to lind out wheth€ r the materialwould crack or delorm when it was compressed. Th€ purposeo' the elasticityt€ s t was to discover whetherthe mat€ r ials would break when they were stretched. The aim of the plasticitytest was to Iind out whetherthe materialwould deform or melt when it was heatedto 120degreesCelsius. The objectiveoi the drop test was to se€ wh€ t her the laptops would crackwhen th€ y w€ r € dropp€ d lrom a heightof 60 crn. I hard 2 flexible 3 plastic 4 soft 5 rigid 6 elastic 7 compression 8 brittle 9 tension 10 tough 11 weak 12 torsional 13 tensite
Safetyrating margrnal
good
2000 None
Aińags Driver's Dual
Safety rating
2 3 Malaga Zafiora
2007 Numberof smallcar modelstested:8 Mode|swrthfrort' side and head ajóaqs:7 Mode|s with drivers aióao on|v:1
Modelswith3-starsafetyrating:0 Modelswith4-starsafeturatino:2 Modelswith s-starsaletvratino:6 1 bendingforces 2 compressionforces 3 tensiontorces 5 6 7 8
sh€ a r forces a hea!rygoods vehicle crash test aside impact crash test dummy asingle directionacc€ I eration 5ensor
3 Positioning I 2 l
2a 3c 4b 5a 6b 7a
2 how high they are above sea level 3 how last they are flying how last they are d€ s c€ n ding 5 how fast they are asc€ n ding 6 how far apart they ar€ from other aircraft i which direction they are flying in 8 how far away they are lrom the airport
4 Word list 'I
1 altitude, sea level, kilopascals 2 latitude, longiiude, transmission, satellites, orbit, altitude, nautical miles 3 l i d a r s y s t e m .c p p r o a c h e s .r p n n i sb a l l s p r v i c e 4 detect, approach, radar system. burst, feflected, approaching
10 Forces l Properties l
1 The ainl oi t]refram€ test was to see wh€ t her the Iorkswould bend when they were struck 2 The purposeof the tensile strengthtest lyas to Iind out wheth€ r the materialwou]ddeforrnor breal(when it was pulled apart.
i
78
2 Resistance I
I 3 5 7 I
bIęaL a ble pp! ta bl€ e l4q tic un bę]4l a b1e com blls ti ble
2
2 'n au di ble re sis tant 6 un u9 vea ble 8 !gąt€ r prooi l 0 cor19sion
1 digital 2 daver's3 home
biker! helmet
pońab|e
unbreakable
3rd
4r
2i 3c 4e 5b 6h 7g 8a 9I
discuss dangerto London of flooding+exam'ne topic oI flood defenc€ s 2 3 maincausesof flooding:l) risF in sea levelsl 2) tides lrom northrast;3) sinkingofsoutheast England. 3 1970sbanks of River Thames raised by 2 metres'B€ l ow London 32 km oI Ilood defences.Above London,80 km oI river banks ThamesBarrier.hugemoveablefloodbarrier built in 1970s. 10 moveablegates'pivot€ d +supported betweenconcretepiers.When closed,barrier can withstandpressureof 9,000tonnes. 2001IPCCreportpredictsannual.iseof. 2rnm. =rise of ' 40 cm by end of century. 1993-200dsea levels rose by 3.3 mm averdge. rise ol . 90 cm by end ol century. list factors flooding'+€ x amine ellects + discuss methodsołilood prevention. map of areasof London below sea level by 2100.
3 Results
r€ s isted yesterday.searthquałeat 8'4 on the Richter scale, A1lour diese]engin€ s wele r€ p laced two years ago with hydrogenengines.As a result,carbon emissions in th€ city have gone do\,Vnby over 50%' The frameof the n€ w bike has failedthe compressionand rigidity tests.Therefore, we have decided to us€ titaniuminstead of aluminium. Sincethe captainofthedamagedsailingboat had a GPs system on board, the ail.s€a rescue team wereableto locateits positionvery quickly. As the crash-testingof the new model was 100%successful,the companywill start to manulacturethe sports car early nexl year. debE destruetive elgstic eElEsron Rexibllity isolation objcetive res!s! i!dicate isolate ńgidity !sid speciry lC!son tarsion w;th6taEl
1 I causes
2 As 3As 5 ; result 8 lead l0 12 Increasedpercentagesol CO, in the atmosphere. 1850 3 Faster 4 Meltwater lt is darker They reilect heat from ihe sun back into space
4 Since 6 As a result of 9 because 11 As a result 1 2 5 6
8 Sola! hyd.oelectricand geothermalenergy 3
t neatea 4 lengthened 7 softened 10 harden€ d
2 s 8 ll
softened llatten€ d sharpen hardens
3 heated 6 sharpened 9 sharpen€ d
4 Word list I
2
1 inaudible 2 unbreakable 3 non-combustible 4 unmoveable 5 non-portable 6 straighten ? lighten 8 widen 9 lengthen 10 harden ll lail 12 strength€ n
11 Design 1 Workingrobots 1 mechanical 2 dangerous 3 4 electric 5 compressed 6 mobile 7 remote 8 specific I different lc 2a 3f 4e 5b 6d
Review Unit E Section 1
2 Eco-lriendlyplanes I wing 2 pressure 3 lift 4 gravity 5 wing 6 lilt 7 friction 8 Drag 9 engines l0 thrust li engines 12 thrust 13 weight Comparativesurvey airline jet
1 Transmitsand receivessignals
2 Receivessignalsonly 3 used to find out distanceto target and its beańng 4 Used to identifya vessel 5 Used forfishingand measuringthe
Point-to-point travel (nearclient'sbase)
6 More expensive,but worksat longerdistances 7 Noisiet and moredangeroustouse
Section 2 1
2
3
i deform 2 breakingpoinr 3 wirhstancl 4 yi€ l d point 5 break 6 secure 7 crack 8 clamp 2 Th€ road is too narrow and has sharp corners' Ii should be widenedand straightened. 3 The side wal]son th€ bridge are not strong enough.They should be strengthened 4 The app.oach roads on both sides are too short and steep.Thereforethey should be lengthened. 1 The old cableswere talen out, anclne.wwiring was installedlastyear,and as a resultthe numberoi electricalaccid€ n ts has fallento fero. 2 Concretehorirontal decks were placed under the lloors live years ago,and so the build'ng
Delayswhenusing maiorailports J
NO
NO
YES
NO
YES
YES
YES
YES
NO
YES
YES
NO
Free-flyingsails
1 th 2b 39 4j 5c 6e 7a 8i 91 10d 2 ] Aim:Examin€ differencebetweenmonohull
Ierriesand multi-hullIerries. 2 Question:How old is the catamarandesign? First used by lishermenin southernIndia, yearsago.I ater.designspreadtl.rough 1.500
3 Two hulls,jo'ned togetherby a Irame. Sporting/comlnercialcatamaransbuilt for past 100yearś,e.g'largeferries:twohulls, each pow€ r ed by on€ engine. 4 Catamarandesign.Lighterand faster Their stab'lity is better.Go [astestwhen waves are sma1l. 5 Dimensions: ]26 metresIonŚ|40meIreswide; depth of 4.8meir€ s in the water. 79
Load:HSS 1500.1500passengersand 375cars. HSS 900.900passengersand 200cars. Periormancedata:HSS 1500:in-servicespeed 75 kph, 110kph max. HSS 900is slower. 8 Problem:Material used for the hulls, a typ€ of aluminiumal1oy. 9 Disadvantages:Build cost. MoIe expensiv€ to buiid a multi'hull t€ r ry than a monohull ferry' Also.unningcosts. t0 Graph:Comparesfuel costs. More expensiveto run one multihu]l lerry than s€ v en mono hull
3 Vehicle safety 1 Thes€ questionsare not asked:2' 10
2
4 To pr€ v ent road tralfic accidents'caused by tyre Iailur€ - Becauseabout 20 percentof cars have tyres that are under-inflated. 5 It uses electronicsensor technology,and wirelessdata display.
Fuel costs ceriain to rise. not fall, in future. 3
7 The sensor is placed directly onto the wheel inside the t)'re. 8 The system consists of four valve-mounted tyre pressuresensors,and one central radio frequen.yre.eivingun . powpredby batteries. The informationis transmittedby wirelessto the display in front oi the driver,wbich shows the pressureand temperaiuredata. I Ii reducestlre failureand resultingaccidenis. It helps reduce t)'rewear It helps reduce Iuel
l components 2 drawback 3 data 4 aim 5 client 6 operation 7 dimensions 8 issue 9 signpost 10 bri€ I
4 Word list 1
1conduct 2 implov€ d 3 reduce 4 Untie 5 ma.ximis€ 6 emit 7 consume 8 mention
12 Innovation
3
1 Zero emission 1
2
I Ne€ d 4 fechnology I feduced 4 combine 7 based 1 0 recharges 1 3 mounted 16 t 3 5 7
2 Problems 3 solution 5 Advantages 6 Componenls 2 consume 3 used 5 provides 6 delivers 8 emit I run 11 positioned l2 located 14 produced 15 recharge
lattery electric motor reductiongear power split device
2 4 6 8
inverter/converter drive wheels engine generator
2 s'mple machines:clank and rod, puu€ y and belt. 3 Hea\T machinetools:crane,hydraulic jack. 4 Sell runningmachines:boiler,windmill,robot, 1 robot 2 and rod 5 8 compass 11 wedge
1
I
80
l accelerate 2 release 4 lightweight 5 output 7 zero-emission
3 mass-produced b garn
Review Unit F Section1 1
t advantages 2 strength 3 drawbacks 4 disadvantages 5 weakness 6 would 7 suggest 8 could I suggest 10 should 11 could 12 improved
2lf2b3h4c5i6a7e8d9g
Section2 1
windmill 3 boiler 4 crank sp€ c tacles 6 crane 7 abacus 9 wind turbine 10 pulley and belt 12 hydraulic jack
The earli€ s t watervheel was made in Greece2,000 years ago.lt was made ofwood.lt consistedof a horizontalwheel,which rotatedwhen a streamof wat€ r hit th€ paddles'The force of the water nade the whe€ l and the attachedŁde rotate'The Łxle was attachedto thewaterwheelat one end and to a circular millstoneat the other The millstone rotatedto grind corn into llour. Later,vertical waterwheelswele used. Th€ s e could be built to a greatersize' with greaterpow€ r .
t contain 2 allow 3 ensure 4 activate 5 send 6 provide 7 prevent 8 report I detect 10 give
4 Word list
2 Technological change 1 1 Tools:abacus,compass,wedge,spectacles.
1 Tyre PressureMonitoringsyśtemCIPMS)' 3 It mon'torsth€ pr€ s sure and temperature
2 3
1 When did people first start to investigatelaser drill'ng? 2 What kind of lasers did they use? 3 what eliect does ih€ laser beam have? 4 How does it split the rock? 5 Is splittingmore ellicient than melting? 6 Is more energyrequiredto split differentkinds 7 what are you researĆhingnow? Al4lbt Bl3lat C12lc;DlIld a blowout preventer laEigh-!!4s developed a largevalve that is litted a device that is designed this valve.which 's usually operated featureswhich were invented componentstbat are designed cuttersthat are fitted intervalswhich are agreecl
TechnicalEnglish ts atwo-level coursefor studentsin technicalor vocational educatioD,and for company emploveesin training at n'ork. It coversthe core languageand skills that studentsneed to communicate successfullyin all technicaland indusnial specialisations. Level I is for studentswith a basic knorvledgeofgeneral Engllsh lvho norv require an elementarvcourse in English fbr specihcpurposes. (CEF levelAl ) Level2 is lbr studentsrvho have completedLe\'e]], or have an e]emeitałv knorvledgeofgeneral English,and now require a pre-interrnediatccourse in English for specilic puryoses.(CEF levelA2)
tsBN 973 1 1053 t654 2
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