TOWN PLANNING SURVEYS
CH
CASP Data analysis report
TOWN PLANNING SURVEYS
By Abdul Rheman Shaik
Under the guidance of Medha M Karpurmath APTE
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R-02 TOWN PLANNING SURVEYS NECESSITY:
Town planning survey is useful in the following way: NECESSITY
Town planning survey is useful in the following way: 1.
It hel helps ps to to prov provid idee the the data data of of the the exis existi ting ng tow town n and and thus thus pla plann nnin ing g work work becomes easy.
2.
It hel helps ps to to know know exa exact ctly ly wha whatt is lac lacki king ng and and wha whatt is nee neede ded d for for the the development of the town.
3.
The The surv survey ey draws draws atten attenti tion on to the the inter nter-r -rel elat atio ion n betw betwee een n vari variou ouss complicated activities of a town life.
4.
It helps helps to know know the the evils evils from which which the town town suffe suffers rs and provide providess a proper treatment to be given, i.e. it helps to diagnosis before treatment, as pioneered by Sir Patrick Geddes.
5.
It helps helps to to build build up the the pu7bli pu7blicc opini opinion on and apprec appreciat iation ion in favour favour of town planning scheme.
Thus, the role played by survey in the science of town planning is as follows: >
To evaluate the effects of development;
>
Tto present detailed reasoned reports;
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To provide the necessary understanding before decisions for development are made; and
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To study the situation objectively and factually.
COLLECTION OF DATA
Following four surveys are carried out to collect data: 1. Functional survey 2. Social survey 3. Territorial survey 4. Vital survey 1.
Functional survey
The functional aspects of a town life are studied under this survey. The type of ionformation collected in the functionala survey are as follows; a)
Roads including history of roads, traffic surveyu, details of width of roads and tree planting
b)
Railways with positions of level- crossings, passenger stations and goods sheds.
c)
Airports and seaports
d)
Waterways and canals
e)
Routes of services by bus, tram, ferry and suburban railway
f)
Local industries, industries, thjeir thjeir classioficat classiofication ion and location, location, availabili availability ty of raw materials and type of labour employed.
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g)
Mines and their location.
h)
Conditions of commercial activity, etc.
2.
Social survey
The social aspects of a town life are studied under this survey. They type of information collected in the social survey are as follows: a)
Residentia Residentiall areas includidng includidng historicl historicl studies, studies, types of buildings, buildings, slums and suburban development.
b)
Historical
buildings
and
public
buildidngs,
their
lkocation
and
classification; c)
Parks and playgrounds, their size and number in relation to the residential areas.
d)
Ancient ruins.
e)
History of growth from the study of old maps.
f)
Conditions Conditions favourable favourable for preservation preservation of wild life and spots of natural natural beauty.
g)
Birth rates, death rates and charts of diseases.
h)
Publ Public ic serv servic ices es comp compri risi sing ng of wate waterr supp supply ly,, sewe sewera rage ge,, drai draina nage ge,, electricity, telephone, street lighting, cemeteries and fire protection.
3.
Territoriala survey
The physicala aspecsdts of a territory are studied under this survey6. The type of information collected in the territorial survey are as follows:
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a)
Geol Geolog ogy y show showin ing g arra arrang ngem emen ents ts of unde underl rlyi ying ng rock rockss and and meth method od responsible for formation of topography.
b)
Contours of the land surface showing both the actual heights and variations of surface.
c)
Rivers, oceans, streams and lakes.
d)
Climatic Climatic conditions conditions including including temperature temperature range, rainfall rainfall and direction direction and intensity of winds.
e)
Types of soil including areas of first class agricultural soil.
f)
Forests and other natural vegetation.
g)
Areas which are low-lying and are likely to submerge.
4.
Vital survey
The population aspects of the town under consideration are studied under this survey. The type of information collected in the vital survey are as follows: a)
History of the past growth of population
b)
Characteristies of the present population.
c)
Factors which may influence the future rate of growth of the town such as msigration. Decentralization, development of new local industrieds, etc.
d)
Density of population.
TYPES OF SURVEYS
These are broadly classified as 1.
Preliminary survey
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2.
Regionla Survey
3.
National Survey
4.
Civic Survey
1.
Preliminary Survey
The preliminary survey is in the form oif restricted inquiries made for the town planning schemes. The data collected in the preliminary survey are of general nature and it is conduicted prior to national regional or civic surveys. The main object of the preliminary survey is to decide approximately the boundaryt of area to bed plannaed and to find out the problems pr oblems requiring further attention. The topics which are covered in the preliminary survey are as follows: >
The study of civic art, parks, playground, etc.
>
The conditions of the existing roads with respect to their construction and maintenance problems are studied.
>
The study study of the existi existing ng housin housing g cond conditi itions ons with with resp respect ect to lighti lighting, ng, ventilation, sanitation, conveniences and amenities.
>
The industrial development including the arrtangement and classification of various industries, location and distribution of the manufacturing units, etc.
>
The density and character of structures, divisions and uses of land, etc.
>
The study of the sources and distribution of power and location of power supply units.
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The existi existing ng srailw srailway ay and volume volume of goods goods trtaffi trtafficc toge togethe therr with with the future requirements with the growth of town are considered.
>
The exisin exising g Water Water supply supply and sewera sewerage ge facili facilitie tiess as as well well as the future future requirements are studied.
>
The study study of the highes highestt wate waterr leve level, l, yearly yearly and seasona seasonall vari variati ations ons,, navigation possibilities, etc,
2. Regional Survey
The regionall surveys carried out on much larger unit than civic survey, which may consists of number of townships and villages. The investigations carried out are of general nature such as social, physical, economic conditions of region. Surveys for regional highways, rfegional transport, regional water supply come under regional survey. The topics to be covered in the regional survey are more or less the same as those of the civic survey. It helps to develop the whole region in a co-ordinated manner. 3.
Nationala Survey
It hel helps to coll collec ectt infor nforma mattion ion rega regard rdiing nat natural ural reso resour urce cess and and potentialities and to locate the industries in different regions. Care should be takent to see that no one regioin is allowed to develop at the cost of other regions. regions. Survey for fixing Railway alignment, alignment, Irrigation, Irrigation, Hydroelectric Hydroelectric works, works, Heavy industries come under national survey. The datge collectged with rfespect to following areas: >
The availa availabil bility ity of natura naturall reso resourc urces es in the form form of of oil oil,mi ,minera nerals, ls, gas, gas, water, etc.
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>
The aspects aspects of land ownership ownership and general administrat administration ion of the country country are considered.
>
The distribution and densituy of population.
>
The type of agricultura agriculturall soil, the crop patterns patterns and number number of crops per year.
>
The existing modes of transport such as roads, railway, waterways and air routes.
>
The overalkl overalkl situation situation of economic economic conditions conditions of the nation nation includidng includidng availa availabil bility ity of raw materi materials als and labour labour force, force, types types and locati location on of industries, etc,
>
The geological co9nditions, the extent of sea coast, etc.
4.
Civic Survey or Socio-economic Survey
In this type of survey house to house survey conducted for this purpose is the socio-economic survey. The town plananer can make a correct diagnosis of various ills from which the town is suffering and prescribe the corredct remedies for their cure from this survey. The data collected during the civic survey are as follows: >
The The mean meanss of comm commun unic icat atio ion n such such as as road roads, s, rai railw lway ays, s, air airwa ways ys and and waterways are studied together with their inter-relationship.
>
The study of contours of the area helps in deciding the gradients of roads, location of water works and sewage plants, location of public buioldings and airports, etc.
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The study of agricultura agriculturall lands, lands, residential residential and commercial commercial areas, parks, open spaces location of airports, etc.
>
The study of general historical historical development development of town, present present policy policy of administration physical and social aspects of the area, etc
>
The charact characteri eristi stics cs of hous houses, es, distri distribut butioi ioin n and and relati relation on of peopl peoplee to to houses, etc, are studied
>
The character, character, distributi distribution, on, types and speciala speciala requirements requirements of the local industries are studied
>
The study of the present present and future population population to be surved by the town planning scheme family structure, density of population, migration tendencies, etc.
>
The study of buildings to be used by the common people.
>
The stydy stydy of the genera generala la health health of inhabi inhabitan tants, ts, death death rate,a rate,a causes causes of special diseases, etc.
>
The The stud study y of the the publi publicc serv servic ices es such such as wat water er sup suppl ply y , sewer sewerag age, e, telephone, gas, electricity, etc. is made.
>
The The topog topogra raph phy y of the area area is stud studie ied d with with refer referen ence ce to clim climat atic ic conditions, locations of rivers and streams, etc.
METHODS EMPLOYED TO COLLECT DATA.
The data aand information oif various surveys are collected partly by the field work and partly by analyzing the reports prepared by other bodies. The methods adopted to collect data for the surveys are as follows:
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1.
Hous Housee to hoius hoiusee inve invest stig igat atio ion n conduc conducte ted d to collec collectt inform informat atio ion n in questioinnaire
form
specially
prep repared
for for
this
pourpos.
The
questionnaikre may also inserted in a local newspaper or journal of any organization or it may be sent out to interested pazrties and returned by post. 2.
The interviews may be arranged with individuals or organizations haging spec specia iall know knowle ledg dgee in spec specif ific ic fiel fields ds.. The The most most freq freque uent nt form form of conducting an interview is by personal contact.
3.
The specialists may be employed in some cases to supply the information on topics relating to their work.
4.
The records records and reports reports mainta maintaine ined d by by the the gove governm rnment ent offices offices,, poli police ce department, municipal offices, revenue department, etc, can be studied and analysed.
5.
Reconna Reconnaiss issanc ancee and and spotspot-ins inspect pection ion may be conduct conducted ed by by the the town town plananer himself and his staff. The observatioin can be carried out for many subjects such as physical potential of land for building purposes, generation of traffic, etc.
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