Surgery Mnemonics

Surgery Mnemonics Sarcomas in which Lymphatic Metastasis is seen can be remembered by the mnemonic RACE For MS R: Rhabdomyosarcoma A: Angiosarcoma C: Clear cell sarcoma E: Epithelial cell sarcoma For: Fibrosarcoma M: Malignant fibrous histiocytoma S: Synovial cell sarcoma

The association of BRCA-1 Gene (Breast Cancer Ge ne) with other malignancies can be r emembered by the mnemonic OCP O = Ovarian cancer C = Colo-rectal cancer P = Prostate cancer Note: OCP -> Oral Contraceptive Pills

The Okuda Staging System for Hepatocellular carcinoma can be remembered by the mnemonic - BATS or STAB B = Bilirubin (Serum Total Bilirubin) [if < dl =" 0"> 3 mg /dl = 1 pts] A = Ascites [if absent = 0 pts, if present = 1 pts] T = Tumor Size [if <> 50% = 1 pts] S = Serum Albumin [if > 3 mg/dl = 0 pts, if < 3 mg/dl = 1 pts] Total Score = Add the points Stage - Pts Stage 1 = 0 pts Stage 2 = 1 or 2 pts Stage 3 = 3 or 4 pts

Gall Bladder Diseases Gall Bladder Diseases include -

- Congenital Anomalies - Traumatic (Perforation) - Inflammatory / Infective - Cholecystitis ( Acute / Chronic, Calculous / Acalculous) - Typhoid Gall Bladder - Neoplastic - Benign (Cholecystoses, GB Polyps) - Malignant (Gall Bladder Cancer)

Plain X - Ray Abdomen in Gall Bladder Diseases An easy was to remember findings is 1. Gas 2. Opacity 3. Gas in Opacity 1. Gas - Outside Gall Bladder (Perforation of Gall Bladder) - In Wall of Gall Bladder (Emphysematous Cholecystitis) - Within Gallbladder lumen (also Known as Pneumobilia) (seen in Cholecystenteric fistula, Post ERCP) 2. Opacity - Outside Gall Bladder (Gallstone ileus) - In Wall of Gall bladder (Calcified Gallbladder) - In lumen (Limey bile, Gall Stones, Calcification in Tumor) 3. Gas in Opacity - Mercedez Benz Sign / Seagull's Sign 4 A's of Gastric Cancer 4 A's of Gastric Cancer 1. Anorexia 2. Anaemia 3. Asthesia 4. Blood Group A

Clinical Features of Gastric Cancer The presentations of Gastric Cancer be remembered by the mnemonic LIONS or Silent LOIN or Silent LION

L = Lump I = Insidious onset features O = Obstructive features N = New onset dyspepsia S = Silent presentation (with no complaints but features of m etastatic disease such as left supraclavicular lymph node)

Zollinger Ellison Syndrome Clinical Triad of Zollinger Ellison Syndrome can be remembered by the mnemonic PIG P = Peptic Ulcer Disease I = Islet cell tumor of non-beta cells G = Gastric acid Hypersection

Types of Imperforate Anus Imperforate Anus, depending upon the LEVEL OF TERMINATION OF BOWEL, is classified i nto Low-Type & High-Type. A. Low-Type - LEVEL OF TERMINATION OF BOWEL is Below Pelvic Floor B. High-Type Imperforate Anus - LEVEL OF TERMINATION OF BOWEL is Above Pelvic Floor Low-Type Imperforate Anus - has following subtypes that can be remembered by the mnemonic CMEs. [Note: CME usually stands for Continued Medical Educ ation] C = Covered Anus M = Membranous Stenosis E = Ectopic Anus S = Stenosed Anus High-Type Imperforate Anus - has following subtypes that can be remembered by the mnemonic CAR. C = Cloaca A = Anorectal Agenesis R = Rectal Atresia

Types of Mesenteric Cysts The different types of Mesenteric Cyst can be re membered by the mnemonic - CUTE C = Chylolymphatic cyst (Commonest) U = Urogenital remnant cyst T = Teratomatous / Dermoid cyst E = Enterogenous Cyst

Causes of Lymphoedema Causes of lymphoedema: Can be remembered by the common scheme CTIN 1. C = Congenital a. Aplasia or hypoplasia of lymphatics b. dysmotility of lymphatics with or w ithout valvular insufficiency 2. T = Traumatic a. Surgical Trauma (Excision of lymph nodes) b. Radiological Trauma (Radiotherapy to lymph nodes) c. Other Trauma (e.g. degloving injuries) 3. I = Infective a. Parasitic (Filarasis) b. Fungal (Tinea pedis) 4. I = Inflammatory a. Superficial thrombophlebitis b. Deep venous thrombosis 5. N = Neoplastic a. Primary lymphatic malignancy b. Metastatic infiltration of lymph nodes Miscellaneous causes - Exposure to forgein bodies (Silica Particles)

Indications for Liver Transplantation Indications for liver transplanations can be remembered by the mnemonic - CAMP C = Chronic Cirrhosis A = Acute fulminant liver failure M = Metabolic liver disease P = Primary hepatic malignancy