Questions 1-10 1. The following are absorbable sutures a. Catgut b. Silk c. Polyamide (Nylon) d. Polyglyconate (Maon) e. Polyglactin (!icryl)
". Peut# $eghers Syndrome a. %s an autosomal recessi&e condition b. 'ften resents with anaemia in childhood c. %s characterised by circumoral mucocutaneous igmented lesions d. %s associated with adenomatous olys of the small intestine e. Malignant change occurs in "*+ of olys
*. ,egarding etic ulceration a. H. pylori is is a gramositi&e bacillus b. -uodenal is more common than gastric ulceration c. ollinger/llison syndrome is associated with gastrin hyosecretion d. 0"blockers will heal 232+ of duodenal ulcers in weeks e. Trile theray can eradicate H. pylori in in 4+ of atients in one week
5. 0ead %n6uries a. More than 1 million eole are seen in 78 hositals each year with head in6uries b. Skull 9rays can eclude an intracerebral haematoma c. ,aised intracranial ressure is associated with an increase in cerebral erfusion d. Cushing:s resonse consists of a rise in blood ressure and fall in heart rate e. Puillary dilatation usually occurs on the same side as the intracerebral haematoma
2. -uring surgery on the submandibular gland a. ;n incision on the lower border of the mandible is safe b. The submandibular gland is seen to wra around the osterior border of mylohyoid c. The facial artery and &ein are di&ided as they course through the dee art of the gland d. The hyoglossal ner&e is seen to loo under the submandibular duct e. -amage to the lingual ner&e will cause loss of sensation to the osterior third of the tongue
<. ,egarding ancreatic carcinoma a. 34+ are ductal adenocarcinomas b. =ess than "4+ occur in the head of the gland c. The usual resentation is with ain> weight loss and obstructi&e 6aundice d. 7ltrasound has a sensiti&ity of 434+ in the detection of the tumour e. =ess than "4+ of atients are suitable for curati&e surgery
?. ,egarding the management of ma6or trauma a. -eaths follow a trimodal distribution b. 9rays after the rimary sur&ey should be of ;P Cer&ical sine> chest and el&is c. Cardiac tamonade is characterised by raised @P> low $!P and muffled heart sounds d. ;ssessment of uncomlicated limb fractures should occur during the rimary sur&ey e. -eterioration of the casualty during the rimary sur&ey should lead to the secondary sur&ey
. ,egarding aendicitis a. The risk of de&eloing the illness is greatest in childhood b. Mortality increases with age and is greatest in the elderly c. "4+ of aendices are etraeritoneal in a retrocaecal osition d. Aaecoliths are resent in ?24+ of resected secimens
e. ;endicitis is a ossible diagnosis in the absence of abdominal tenderness
3. ,egarding stones in the gallbladder a. Cholesterol stones are the most common b. Pigment stones are due increased ecretion of olymerised con6ugated bilirubin c. ;re not a risk factor for the de&eloment of gallbladder carcinoma d. 34+ of gallstones are radiooaBue e. ; mucocele of the gallbladder is caused by a stone imacted in 0artmann:s ouch
14. Stones in the common bile duct a. ;re found in *4+ of atients undergoing cholecystectomy (ithout reo /,CP) b. Can resent with Charcot:s Triad c. ;re suggested by an bile duct diameter Dmm on ultrasound d. /,CP> shincterotomy and balloon clearance is now the treatment of choice e. %f remo&ed by eloration of the common bile duct the Ttube can be remo&ed after * days
Questions 11-20 11. ,egarding crystalloid solutions a. Normal saline contains 125 mmol sodium and 125 mmol of chloride b. * litres of detrose saline in a day will ro&ide 34 mmol of sodium c. " grams of otassium chloride is eBual to 2? mmol of the salt d. 0artmann:s solution contains calcium and bicarbonate e. The daily maintenance otassium reBuirement of a 54 8g woman is about 54 mmol
1". ,egarding colloid solutions
a. 0uman albumin has a molecular weight of <3 k-a b. ;lbumin has a half life in the circulation of about 12 hours c. Eelatins (e.g. 0aemaccelF) are olysaccharides with a M of about *2 k-a d. -etrans reduce latelet aggregation and can induce anahylais e. <+ 0ydroylethyl Starch (0/S) is synthetic olysaccharide deri&ed from amyloectin
1*. Central arenteral nutrition a. %s a hyoosmolar solution b. Tyically contains 151
15. Solitary thyroid nodules a. ;re more re&alent in women b. %n the adult oulation less than 14+ are malignant c. More than 24+ of scintigrahically cold nodules are malignant d. The risk of a hot module being malignant is negligible e. Should be surgically remo&ed in all atients
12. ,egarding abdominal wall hernias a. ;lmost 144>444 hernia oerations are erformed annually in the 7nited 8ingdom b. "4+ of inguinal hernias are indirect c. %n women inguinal hernias are as common as femoral hernias d. The mortality assocaited with strangulation is o&er 14+ e. The mortality has reduced dramatically o&er the ast *4 years
1<. The femoral canal a. =ies lateral to the femoral &ein b. 0as the inguinal ligament as its anterior border c. 0as the lacunar ligament as its lateral border d. 0as the ectineal ligament as its osterior border e. Contains the lymh node of CloBuet
1?. %ntermittent claudication a. ;ffects less than 1+ of men o&er the age of 24 years b. ;t 2 years 14+ of claudicants will ha&e rogressed to an amutation c. ;t 2 years "4+ of claudicants will ha&e died from ischaemic heart disease d. %s usually associated with an ankle G brachial ressure inde (;@P%) D 4.? e. %s associated with a fall in the ;@P% on eercise with delayed reco&ery
1. The athology of ulcerati&e colitis a. Shows full thickness inflammation b. The rectum is almost always in&ol&ed c. 14+ atients ha&e terminal ileal disease d. /nterocutaneous or intestinal fistulae are common e. The serosa is usually normal
13. ,egarding surgery for ulcerati&e colitis a. *4+ atients with total colitis will reBuire surgery within 2 years b. Panroctocolectomy and ouch formation is aroriate as an emergency oeration c. Pouches can be fashioned as :S: :$: or :: loos d. '&er 34+ atients with a ouch ha&e erfect continence e. ith a ouch the mean stool freBuency is about < times er day
"4. ,egarding benign breast disease a. Cyclical mastalgia is the commonest reason for referral to the breast clinic b. Aibroadenomas are deri&ed from the breast lobule c. =actational breast abscesses are usually due to Staph aureus d. -uct ectasia is more common in smokers e. ;tyical lobular hyerlasia is associated with an increased risk of breast cancer
Questions 21-30 "1. ,egarding anal fissures a. 14+ occur in the osterior midline b. Multile fissures suggest a diagnosis of tuberculosis or Crohn:s -isease c. 24+ of acute fissures heal with the use of a bulking agent d. Shincterotomy has a success rate of o&er 34+ e. Shincterotomy is associated with minor faecal incontinence in o&er 12+ of atients
"". Tamoifen in the treatment of breast cancer a. "4 mg er day is as effecti&e as higher doses b. Treatment for longer than 2 years has been ro&en to be beneficial c. %s only of benefit in atients with oestrogen recetor ositi&e tumours d. ,educes the risk of contralateral breast cancer by 54+ e. %s effecti&e in both re and ost menoausal women
"*. Aibroadenomas a. ;re benign monoclonal neolasms b. Most commonly resent in late adolescence or the early "4s c. Should be diagnosed by trile assessment d. ;t least *4+ reduce in si#e o&er a " year eriod e. Can be safely managed conser&ati&ely
"5. Aamilial adenomatous olyosis a. %s inherited as an autosomal recessi&e condition b. %s characterised by oly formation in late adulthood c. %s associated with osteomas and eidermoid cysts in Eardener:s Syndrome d. %s due to a mutation on the short arm of chromosome 1" e. Can be screened for by rigid or fleible sigmoidoscoy
"2. arfarin a. ,educes the concentration of &itamin ; deendent clotting factors b. 0as a half life of about *< hours c. Crosses the lacenta and should be a&oided in regnancy d. -oses should be reduced in li&er disease e. ;n %N, of between ".4 and *.4 is aroriate in the treatment of -!T
"<. 0earin a. %s a heterogeneous miture of sulhated olyetides b. Potentiates the actions of antithrombin %%% c. 0as a half life of 1" hours d. Can be re&ersed by rotamine sulhate e. Can induce an idiosyncratic thrombocytoenia
"?. ,egarding rectal cancer a. %t often arises in metalastic olys b. The rectum is the commonest site of colorectal tumours c. ; cancer in the uer 1G* of the rectum is aroriately managed by ;P resection d. =ocal recurrence of rectal cancer can be reduced a Total Mesorectal /cision e. Chemotheray is of ro&en benefit in -uke:s ; tumours
". The following cause hyercalcaemia a. Sarcoidosis b. Primary hyerarathyroidism c. ;cute ancreatitis d. Metastatic bronchial carcinoma e. Milk;lkali syndrome
"3. ,egarding malignant melanoma a. The incidence is hal&ing e&ery 14 years b. Suerficial sreading melanoma is the commonest clinicoathological tye c. Tumour thickness is the most imortant rognostic indicator d. ,egional lymhadenectomy ro&ides sur&i&al benefit in atients with :thick: tumours e. ;cral lentiginous tumours are usually found on the trunk and roimal limbs
*4. ,egarding oesohageal cancer a. SBuamous carcinomas redominate in the uer "G* of the oesohagus b. '&erall 2 year sur&i&al is greater than 24+ c. Tylosis genetically redisoses to the disease d. 12+ of adenocarcinomas are associated with @arrett:s oesohagus e. Aor alliation an ;tkinson tube can be inserted endoscoically
Questions 31-40 *1. %nfantile hyertrohic yloric stenosis a. 'ccurs with a male H female ratio of 5H1. b. Sons of affected mothers ha&e a "4+ risk of de&eloing the lesion
c. %n&ariably resents between si and eights months of age d. Tyically resents with bile stained ro6ectile &omiting e. Surgical treatment is by 0eller:s Cardiomyotomy
*". 'esohageal atresia a. %s often associated with a distal tracheaoesohageal fistula b. Polyhydramnios is often resent late in regnancy c. 24+ ha&e other associated congenital abnormalities d. Contrast 9ray studies are necessary to confirm the diagnosis e. Postoerati&ely o&er *4+ de&elo oesohageal strictures
**. The following are features of Aallot:s Tetralogy a. ;n atrial setal defect b. Pulmonary stenosis c. ,ight &entricular hyertrohy d. ; left to right cardiac shunt e. Cyanotic attacks during feeding and crying
*5. Phaeochromocytomas a. ;re neuroendocrine tumours of the adrenal corte b. ;re benign in 34+ of cases c. 'ccur as art of the M/N tye % syndrome d. Can be imaged with a metaiodoben#ylguanidine scan e. ,eBuire only betablockade rior to surgery
*2. ,egarding Cushing:s Syndrome a. 4+ of cases are due to ituitary adenomas (Cushing:s -isease) b. Most ;CT0 secreting ituitary adenomas are more than " cm in diameter
c. %s characterised by loss of the diurnal rhythm of cortisol secretion d. Cortisol roduction is suressed by lowdose deamethasone e. ;drenal carcinomas are more common than adrenal adenomas
*<. The following are comlications of arenteral nutrition a. 0yerglycaemia b. 0yoglycaemia c. 0yokalaemia d. 0yerkalaemia e. 0yercalcaemia
*?. The functions of a tracheostomy are to a. @yass an uer airway obstruction b. %ncrease the anatomical dead sace c. %ncrease airway resistance d. Protect against asiration e. ;llow freBuent airway suction
*. ,egarding 0ydatid disease a. %s due to Entamoeba histolytica b. Man is an accidental intermediate host c. The li&er is the commonest site of infection d. Can be diagnosed by the Casoni test e. %s resistant to treatment by metronida#ole
*3. Medullary carcinoma of the thyroid
a. %s a tumour of the arafollicular C cells b. Produce thyroine as the rincile hormone c. 14+ of cases are soradic d. Can occur as art of the M/N tye %% syndrome e. Total thyroidectomy is the surgical treatment of choice
54. The following are features of thyrotoicosis a. eight gain b. Palitations c. Proimal myoathy d. %ncreased skin igmentation e. Pretibial myoedema
Questions 41-50 51. ,egarding local anaesthesia a. =ocal anaesthetics act on large before small ner&e fibres b. Their main toic effects are seen on the central ner&ous and cardio&ascular systems c. ;drenaline reduces absortion and rolongs the local effects d. Prearations containing adrenaline are safe to use on digits and aendages e. =ignocaine has a longer duration of action than bui&icaine
5". ith an iron deficiency anaemia a. @oth serum iron and total iron binding caacity are reduced b. The blood film shows a hyerchromic microcytic icture c. The reticulocyte count is low in relation to the degree of anaemia d. Serum ferritin le&els are increased e. The latelet count may be increased
5*. ,egarding abdominal aortic aneurysms a. They commonly remain symtomless until they ruture b. The risk of ruture increases with aortic diameter c. /lecti&e reair should ha&e a *4day mortality of less than 2+ d. /mergency reair has a *4day mortality of less than 14+ e. The benefits of surgery for small (5.42.2 cm) is ro&en
55. ,egarding heatitis @ a. %t is due to an ,N; &irus b. %t has an incubation eriod of " to < days c. %t can be transmitted &ia blood roducts d. ;bout 1+ of the 78 oulation are 0eatitis @ Surface ;ntigen ositi&e e. ;bout 14+ of infected atients become chronic carriers
52. ,egarding &ascular grafts a. PTA/ grafts are less orous than -acron b. !ein grafts ha&e better longterm atency c. Eraft failure less than a month after surgery is usually due to a surgical error d. Eraft failure within the first year is often due to neointimal hyerlasia e. Eraft failure beyond one year is due to rogression of the underlying disease
5<. ,egarding colorectal carcinomas a. ;bout 54+ resent as surgical emergencies b. ,ightsided tumours often resent with a change in bowel habit c. ?2+ of tumours can be reached with a fleible sigmoidoscoe d. '&er "4+ of atients resent with more than one rimary tumour e. ; -uke:s @ tumour has nodal metastases
5?. ,egarding colonic olys a. Metalastic olys are remalignant b. ;denomatous olys are remalignant c. !illous adenomas are more common than tubular adenomas d. Eenetic mutations can result in eithelial metalasia e. Most carcinomas arise in adenomatous olys
5. %n atients with carotid artery disease a. ; bruit is a reliable sign of the degree of stenosis b. ;theroma is most commonly seen in the eternal carotid artery c. ;n embolic e&ent often results in an isilateral hemilegia d. Prohylactic asirin reduces the risk of a stroke e. Surgery is of ro&en benefit in those with asymtomatic stenoses
53. ,egarding acute limb ischaemia a. ;rterial occlusion has less dramatic effects in those with underling occlusi&e disease b. 'ccurs more often in atients in sinus rhythm c. 'b6ecti&e sensory loss reBuires urgent treatment d. Aied skin staining is an early sign e. %ntraarterial thrombolysis is in&ariably successful with no morbidity
24. ,egarding muscle relaants a. Suamethonium is a nondeolarising agent b. !ecuronium is a deolarising agent c. Suamethonium induces histamine release and can roduce a :scoline rash: d. Suamethonium has a duration of action of about 2 minutes in most eole
e. Scoline anoea is due to seudocholinesterase deficiency
Questions 51-60 21. ,egarding the use of laati&es a. %saghula husk (e.g. Aybogel) is a bulk forming agent b. =actulose is a glucose olymer c. =actulose is hydrolysed by bacteria in the small intestine d. Senna is a E% stimulant that acts within *4 minutes e. =aati&e abuse can lead to hyokalaemia and colonic atony
2". 0eatocellular carcinoma a. 0as a high incidence in /ast ;frica and Southeast ;sia b. %ts worldwide incidence arallels the re&alence of 0eatitis @ c. Mycotoins (e.g. aflatoin) are an imortant aetiological factor d. '&er 4+ of tumours are surgically resectable e. =i&er translantation offers the only chance of cure in those with irresectable disease
2*. Serum alha fetorotein a. %s increased in testicular tumours b. %n testicular tumours is roduced by trohoblastic elements c. %s increased in o&er ?4+ atients with heatocellular carcinoma d. %n atients with heatocellular carcinoma le&els correlate well with si#e of the tumour e. %n atients with heatocellular carcinoma le&els rise following resection of the tumour
25. ,egarding testicular tumours a. They are the commonest malignancy in young men
b. Peak incidence for teratomas is seen at the age of 24 years c. Seminomas are radiosensiti&e d. '&er ?2+ of Stage % teratomas are cured by surgery alone e. Chemotheray rarely roduces a cure in those with metastatic disease
22. %n atients with ascites a. ; transudate has a rotein content of greater than *4 g er litre b. @oth malignancy and infection result in a transudate c. '&arian carcinoma is the commonest malignant cause of ascites d. Cirrhosis results in marked sodium retention e. Tumour cells increase the ermeability of the eritoneum
2<. -uct ectasia a. %f often associated with both aerobic and anaerobic bacterial infection b. The incidence is reduced in smokers c. May resent with a green or watery nile discharge d. May resent with nile in&ersion e. Can be adeBuately treated with a microdochectomy
2?. ,egarding oiate analgesia a. Patient controlled analgesia (PC;) is more effecti&e than intermittent arenteral dosing b. The total oiate dose is usually reduced with a PC; c. Aentanyl is more water soluble than morhine d. /idural morhine can result in late resiratory deression e. /idural and arenteral morhine can be safely administered together
2. ,egarding renal failure
a. 7reteric obstruction roduces rerenal renal failure b. Prerenal renal failure roduces a high urinary sodium (D"4 mmolGl) c. Prerenal renal failure roduces a high urine osmolality (D244 mosmGkg) d. Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs increase glomerular blood flow e. Patients with an increased creatinine are at increased risk of ostoerati&e renal failure
23. ,egarding colonic olys a. $u&enile olys are usually remalignant b. Metalastic olys often eceed " cm in diameter c. Metalastic olys are remalignant d. !illous adenomas are more rone to malignant transformation than tubular adenomas e. ;roimately 14+ of the oulation older than 52 years ha&e asymtomatic olys
<4. %ntussuscetion a. %s most common in children from < to 1" years b. Presents with colicky abdominal ain> rectal bleeding and an abdominal mass c. 14+ resent with diarrhoea and &omiting suggesti&e of gastroenteritis d. %f no shock or eritonitis hydrostatic reduction can be attemted e. ; Meckel:s di&erticulum can induce an intussuscetion
Questions 61-70 <1. 0irschsrung:s disease a. %s due to absent ganglion cells in ;uerbach:s leus b. 14+ cases ha&e in&ol&ement of the rectosigmoid segment c. 14+ cases resent with delayed assage of meconium in the first "5 hours after birth d. The affected segment of bowel aears dilated on barium enema
e. 'n rectal biosy there increased acetylcholinesterase containing cells in the muscularis
<". ,enal cell carcinoma a. ;rises from the distal con&oluted tubule of the kidney b. Presents with haematuria> loin ain and a mass in 14+ of atients c. Can resent with olycythaemia d. Sread occurs into renal &ein and inferior &ena ca&a in 14+ atients e. Should be treated with a nehrouretectomy
<*. =aaroscoic cholecystectomy a. %s usually erformed using a four ort techniBue b. The !eress needle is an :oen: techniBue for inducing the neumoeritoneum c. ; suraumbilical abdominal scar is a contraindication to laaroscoic cholecystectomy d. -issection of Calot:s triangle should be erformed before the cystic duct is clied e. Most series reort a con&ersion rate of o&er "4+
<5. ,egarding cardio&ascular disease in the surgical atient a. Aollowing a myocardial infarct electi&e surgery should be deferred for o&er < months b. <4+ of ostoerati&e reinfarctions are clinically silent c. The mortality of a ostoerati&e myocardial infarct is about 54+ d. The risk of a ostoerati&e infarct is reduced in hyertensi&e atients e. =eft &entricular e6ection fraction is a useful marker of cardio&ascular function
<2. The following cause a microcytic anaemia a. @1" deficiency
b. Aolate deficiency c. Thalassaemia minor d. 0yothyroidism e. %ron deficiency
<<. %n obstructi&e 6aundice a. 7rinary con6ugated bilirubin is increased b. Serum uncon6ugated bilirubin is increased c. 7rinary urobilinogen is reduced d. Serum con6ugated bilirubin is reduced e. Aaecal stercobilinogen is reduced
<. %n atients with a ro&en ulmonary embolus a. 'nly 14+ ha&e clinical e&idence of dee &enous thrombosis b. The classic /CE features are described S1I*T* c. ;rterial blood gases are normal in 24+ of atients d. =ow molecular weight hearins are as effecti&e a hearin infusion e. Thrombolysis should be considered if e&idence of haemodynamic instability
<3. ,egarding the anatomy of the inguinal canal
a. The internal ring lies midway between the symhysis ubis and anterior suerior iliac sine b. The internal ring lies medial to the inferior eigastric &essels c. The eternal obliBue aoneurosis forms the anterior boundary d. The inguinal ligament forms the inferior boundary e. The con6oint tendon forms the lateral art of the osterior wall
?4. The thyroid gland a. ;rises from the haryngeal floor between the 1st and "nd haryngeal ouches b. The isthmus lies at the le&el of the thyroid cartilage c. The suerior thyroid artery lies close to the eternal laryngeal ner&e d. The inferior thyroid artery arises from the costocer&ical trunk e. The middle thyroid &ein 6oins the eternal 6ugular artery
Questions 71-80 ?1. Coeliac disease a. ,esults from dietary glucose intolerance b. %s associated with increased serum antiendomysial and antigliadin antibodies c. Small bowel histology shows &illous hyertrohy d. Can be effecti&ely treated with a glutenfree diet e. %ncreases the risk of small bowel lymhoma
?". Paillary carcinoma of the thyroid a. Can be reliably diagnosed using fine needle asiration cytology b. %s almost always unifocal c. 0istologically dislays Psammoma bodies d. Tyically sread to the cer&ical lymh nodes e. ,eBuires a total thyroidectomy for large tumours
?*. ,egarding bladder tumours a. 34+ are sBuamous carcinomas b. Painless haematuria is the commonest resentation c. Cigarette smoking is an imortant aetiological factor d. 4+ of tumours are suerficial (i.e. no muscle in&asion) e. Suerficial tumours are often well controlled by transurethral resection
?5. The following are carcinogens imortant in bladder cancer a. Magenta b. ;uramine c. @en#idine d. @etanahthylamine e. Chlorinated hydrocarbons
?2. ,egarding ureteric calculi a. ;re most often comosed of calcium oalate or hoshate b. =ess than 2+ of those less than 2 mm in diameter ass sontaneously c. /tracororeal lithotrisy is useful for stones in the uer third of the ureter d. ;bout *4+ of atients reBuire oen surgery to remo&e the stone e. ;n obstructed ureter in the resence of infection is a surgical emergency
?<. Crytorchidism a. 'ccurs in 2+ of newborn boys b. %ncreases risk of malignancy by a factor of ten c. %s associated with normal fertility d. =aaroscoy is the best means of identifying an imalable testis e. Should be treated by orchidoey at uberty
??. ,egarding small bowel obstruction a. %n the 7nited 8ingdom is most often due to an obstructed hernia b. Causes colicky abdominal ain and &omiting c. ;bdominal distension is seen in all atients d. ;ll cases can be managed conser&ati&ely for the first "5 hours e. ,arely reBuires aggressi&e fluid resuscitation
?. ,egarding bone scintigrahy a. %t is less sensiti&e than radiograhs in detecting metastatic bone disease b. %t is erformed using technetium labeled bihoshonates c. The radiation dose recei&ed is eBui&alent to a CT scan d. ,enal ecretion of the isotoe can cause false ositi&e images e. 0as a high risk of anahylais
?3. ,egarding nehroblastomas a. They are otherwise known as a ilm:s tumour b. ;ccount for 14+ of childhood tumours c. The commonest resentation is with an abdominal mass d. Most commonly resent in adolescence e. They are comosed urely of eithelial elements
4. ,egarding bladder calculi a. The incidence has fallen markedly in this country since the late 13th century b. They may be totally asymtomatic c. They are more re&alent in atients with chronic urinary sesis d. They are associated with sBuamous metalasia of the bladder mucosa e. They increase the risk of transitional cell carcinoma
Questions 81-90 1. ,egarding gas gangrene a. %t is due to Clostridium botulinum infection b. Clostridial secies are gramnegati&e sore forming anaerobes c. The clinical features are due to the release of rotein endotoin d. Eas is in&ariably resent in the muscle comartments e. Surgical debridement and antibiotics are an essential art of treatment
". 0odgkin:s disease a. Most commonly occurs in atients o&er <4 years of age b. 7sually resents as ainless lymhadenoathy c. The Pel/stein fe&er is a characteristic feature d. Stage %%% disease is confined to one side of the diahragm e. ,eedSternberg cells are a diagnostic feature
*. ,egarding &aricose &eins a. They affect o&er "4+ of the oulation b. '&er "4+ are recurrent &aricosities c. The sural ner&e is in danger during striing of the long sahenous &ein d. The sahenous ner&e is closely associated with the short sahenous &ein e. 2+ oily henol is an aroriate sclerosant for &enous sclerotheray
5. The following are clinical features of 0orner:s syndrome a. Miosis b. Aailure of abduction of the orbit c. Ptosis
d. %ncreased sweating on the contralateral side of the forehead e. /ohthalmos
2. Side effects of suamethonium include a. ; rash b. ; rofound tachycardia c. Muscle ain d. Malignant hyoyreia e. Prolonged neuromuscular blockade
<. Conn:s syndrome a. %s due to secondary hyeraldosteronism b. Can result in hyokalaemia c. Can result in a metabolic alkalosis d. %s most often due to an adrenal adenoma e. Can cause se&ere hyotension
?. 0aemorrhage of o&er one litre will roduce a. ; reduction in renal blood flow b. ;n increase in latelet count c. ; fall in arterial 0 d. %ncreased fibrinolysis e. ; fall in body temerature
. ; rolonged rothrombin time is found in the following conditions a. =i&er failure b. ;drenal failure c. Preheatic 6aundice
d. Aactor !%% deficiency e. Malabsortion with steatorrhoea
3. The radial ner&e a. %s a branch of the osterior cord of the brachial leus b. %s deri&ed from the osterior rimary rami of C2 to C? c. Sulies the etensors of the arm d. Ei&es rise to the anterior interosseous ner&e e. %n6ury roduces a classical wrist dro
34. ;myloidosis a. ;ears as etracellular basohilic hyaline material b. Can be stained with Congo ,ed dye c. Show an ale green birefringence in olarised light d. %s a comlication of medullary carcinoma of the thyroid e. %s a comlication of 0odgkin:s disease
Questions 91-100 31. /ctoic regnancy a. 'ccurs in about 14+ of regnancies b. The risk is increased in those with a history or el&ic inflammatory disease c. 7sually resents between " and 5 months of gestation d. Patients usually ha&e a negati&e regnancy test e. if shocked early laarotomy is essential
3". Pel&ic inflammatory disease a. 7sually arises from haematogenous sread from another site
b. %s most commonly a chlamydial infection c. 7ntreated can rogress to a yosalin d. ,educes the risk of ectoic regnancy e. "4+ of atients de&elo chronic ain
3*. The following colonic olys are remalignant a. $u&enile olys b. 0amartomatous olys associated with Peut#$eghers syndrome c. !illous adenomas d. Tubular adenomas e. Metalastic olys
35. Tetanus a. %s due to an infection with a gramnegati&e sore forming rod b. The organism roduces a owerful endotoin c. The toin re&ents the release of inhibitory neurotransmitter d. Clostridium tetani is sensiti&e to enicillin e. ,isus sardonicus is the tyical facial sasm
32. Multile myeloma a. ,esults from a olyclonal roliferation of lymh node lasma cells b. 'ften resents with back ain or athological fractures c. 0yercalcaemia de&elos in 24+ of atients d. 9rays are normal in most atients e. Most atients ha&e a serum araroteinaemia
3<. ,egarding athological terms a. 0yertrohy is an increase in tissue si#e due to increased cell number
b. 0yerlasia is an increase in tissue si#e due to an increase in cell si#e c. ;trohy is an increase in tissue si#e to disuse d. Metalasia is a change form one abnormal tissue tye to another e. ; hamartoma is a de&elomental abnormality
3?. 'steoorosis is associated with a. !itamin - deficiency b. !itamin ; deficiency c. Chronic renal failure d. Prolonged bed rest e. 0yerarathyroidism
3. The haemoglobinoygen dissociation cur&e is shifted to the left by a. %ncreased body temerature b. Metabolic acidosis c. Chronic hyoia d. ;naemia e. /rythrooietin
33. Metastatic calcification is seen in a. 0yerarathyroidism b. Sarcoidosis c. Aat necrosis d. ;theroma e. Tuberculosis
144. %ntrinsic factor a. %s a olysaccharide b. %s roduced by the arietal cells in the stomach c. ;cts in the terminal ileum d. %s imortant in the absortion of folic acid e. -eficiency can be treated with oral @1"
