Reportable
IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA CIVIL APPELLA APPELLATE TE JURISDICTION J URISDICTION Civil Appeal No.18312 of 2017 MR. ANURAG MITT MITTAL AL
…… APPELL APPELLANT ANT (S !e"#$#
MRS. S%AIL S%AIL& & MIS%R MIS%RA A MITT MITTAL AL
…….. RESP'NENT (S
J U D G M E N T L. NAGESWARA RAO, J.
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e p"ovi#o i# ,i"e4o"* o" a a/* "ae /o a/,ao"* a/, ,e4i#io/ 9ea"i/- o/ e poi/ /ee, /o ,eai/ $# 9e4a$#e e i/e",i4 of la i# a i #all /o 9e laf$l fo" a 4e"ai/ pa"* o ,o a 4e"ai/ i/- i4 o$l o$l, , ea/ ea/ a a if a a a4 i# ,o/e ,o/e i o$l o$l, 9e $/laf$l. )$ e/eve" a #a$e p"oi9i# a 4e"ai/ i/- 9ei/- ,o/e e"e9* a=i/- i $/laf$l io$ p"ov p"ovi, i,i/ i/- fo" fo" 4o/#e 4o/#e@$ @$e/ e/4e 4e of e e 9"ea 9"ea4 4 i i# /o /o le-iiae o #a* a #$4 a i/- e/ ,o/e i# voi, 9e4a$#e a o$l, a/ao$/ o #a*i/- a eve"* $/laf$l a4 i# voi,. A# poi/e, o$ ea"lie" i o$l, 9e all e o"e i/a,vi#a9le i/ e el, of a""ia-e la#. Co/# Co/#e@ e@$e $e/4 /4e# e# of "ea "eai i//- a a" a""ia"ia-e e voi, voi, a"e a"e #o #e"i #e"io$ o$# # a/, a/, fa" fa" "ea4 ea4i/ i/- a/, a/, a"e a"e li= li=el* el* o aDe4 aDe4 i//o4e i//o4e/ / pe"#o/ pe"#o/# # #$4 #$4 a# 4il," 4il,"e/ e/ 9o"/ 9o"/ ,$"i/,$"i/- e pe"io, a/e"io" o e ,ae of e ,e4"ee a//$lli/- e a""ia-e a i a# ala*# 9ee/ 4o/#i,e"e, /o #afe o "ea a a""ia-e voi, $/le## e la #o e/a4# o" e i/fe"e/4e of e a""ia-e 9ei/- "eae, voi, i# eie" eie" i/e#4a i/e#4apa9l pa9le e o" i""e i""e#i# #i#i9 i9le le.. Te"e Te"efo" fo"e e eve/ eve/ o$- $- e p"ovi#o i# 4o$4e, i/ a la/-$a-e a-e p"oi9ii/- a 4e"ai/ i/- 9ei/- ,o/e a 9* i#elf i# /o /o #$ #$J4 J4ie ie/ / o "ea "ea e e a" a""ia-e "ia-e 4o/ 4o/"a "a4 4e, e, i/ 4o/"ave/io/ of i a# voi,.H
8. I/ e #ai, +$,-e/ i# Co$" al#o a, o44a#io/ o ,eal i e 4o/i/$a/4e of e a"ial ie eve/ afe" e ,e ,e4" 4"ee ee of ,i ,ivo vo"4 "4e e fo fo"" e pe pe"i "io, o, of i/ i/4a 4apa pa4i 4i* * a# p"ovi p" ovi,e, ,e, i/ e P"ovi P"ovi#o #o o Se4io/ Se4io/ 1: of e A4. I/ e #ai, 4o/eF i# Co$" el, a# follo# 4#. To #a* #a* a a #$ #$4 4 p"ov p"ovii#io/ #io/ 4o/ 4o/ii/$e# /$e# e e a""ia-e ie eve/ afe" e ,e4"ee of ,ivo"4e fo" e pe"io, of i/4apa4i* i# o a"i9$e a 4e"ai/ #a$# o e pa"ie# o#e a""ia-e i# al"ea,* ,i##olve, 9* ,ivo"4e a/, fo" i4 e"e i# /o le-al #a/4io/. A ,e4" ,e4"ee ee of ,ivo ,ivo""4e 9"ea 9"ea=# =# e e a"i a"ia all ie ie a/, e e pa" pa"ie ie# # fo"f fo"fei ei e e #a #a$# $# of $#9 $#9a/ a/, , a/, a/, ife ife i/ "elaio/ o ea4 oe". Ea4 o/e 9e4oe# 4opee/ o 4o/"a4 a/oe" a""ia-e a# p"ovi,e, 9* Se4io/ 1:. Me"el* 9e4a$#e ea4 o/e of e i# p"oi9ie, f"o f"o 4o/ 4o/"a "a4 4i/ i/- a #e4o #e4o/, /, a" a""ia-e "ia-e fo" fo" a 4e" 4e"ai ai/ / pe"io, i 4o$l, /o 9e #ai, a ,e#pie e"e 9ei/- a
,e4" ,e4"ee ee of ,ivo ,ivo""4e fo" fo" 4e" 4e"ai ai/ / p$"p p$"po# o#e# e# e e "# "# a""i a""ia-e a-e #$9#i# #$9#i## # o" i# p"e#$ p"e#$e, e, o #$9#i# #$9#i#. . Soe Soe i/4i i/4i,e ,e/ / of a" a""ia"ia-e e ,oe# ,oe# #$ #$"v "viv ive e e e ,e4" ,e4"ee ee of ,ivo"4e #a* lia9ili* o pa* pe"a/e/ alio/* 9$ o/ a a44o$/ i 4a//o 9e #ai, a e a""ia-e #$9#i## 9e*o/, e ,ae ,a e of ,e4"ee of ,ivo"4e. Se4io/ 13 i4 p"ovi,e# fo" ,ivo"4e i/ e"# #a*# a a a""ia-e #ole/i#e, a* o/ a peiio/ p"e#e/e, 9* e $#9a/, o" e ife 9e ,i##olve, 9* a ,e4"ee of ,ivo"4e o/ o/e o" o"e of e -"o$/,# e/io/e, i/ )&**ol2t l2t&o+ &o+ &* (o-pl (o-plete ete o+(e o+(e a a #e4 #e4io io/. /. Te )&**o te te )e(r e(ree &* -a)e, *2b *2b9e(t e(t o: (o2r o2r*e, *e, to appeal. )$ )$ a /al /al ,e4" ,e4"e ee of ,iv ,ivo"4 o"4e i/ e" e"# ,i##olve# e a""ia-e. No i/4i,e/ of #$4 ,i##olve, a" a""ia"ia-e e 4a/ 4a/ 9"i, 9"i,-e -e a/, a/, 9i/, 9i/, e e pa" pa"ie ie# # o# o#e e a""ia-e i# ,i##olve, 9* ,ivo"4e a a ie po#e"io" o e ,ae of ,e4"ee. A/ i/4apa4i* fo" #e4o/, a""ia-e fo" a 4e"ai/ pe"io, ,oe# /o ave eDe4 of "eai/e fo"e" a""ia-e a# #$9#i#i/-. $"i/- e pe"io, of i/4a i/4apa pa4i 4i* * e e pa"i pa"ie# e# 4a// 4a//o o 9e #ai, #ai, o 9e e e #po$#e# ii/ e ea/i/- of 4la$#e (i (i #$9#e4io/ (1 of Se4io/ :. Te o", ;#p #po o$#eH #eH a# 9ee/ $/,e $/,e"# "#o oo, o, o 4o//o 4o//oe e a $#9 $#9a/ a/, , o" a ife ife i4 i4 e" i#elf po#$lae# a #$9#i#i/- a""ia-e. Te o", ;#po$#e ;#po$#eH H i/ #$9#e #$9#e4i 4io/ o/ (1 (1 of Se4io Se4io/ / : 4a//o 4a//o 9e i/e"p"ee, o ea/ a fo"e" #po$#e 9e4a$#e eve/ af afe" e ,ivo"4e e/ a #e4o/, a"" a""ia-e i# 4o/"a4e, if e fo"e" #po$#e i# livi/- a o$l, /o p"oi9i e pa"ie# f"o 4o/"a4i/- e a""ia-e ii/ e ea/i/- of 4la$#e (i ( i of #$9#e4io/ (1 of Se4io/ :. Te eFp"e##io/ ;#po$#eH i/ 4la$#e ( i #$9 #e4io/ (1 of Se4io/ : 9* i# ve"* 4o/eF o$l, /o i/4l$, i/4l$,e e ii/ ii/ i# i# ea/i ea/i//- e eFp" eFp"e## e##io/ io/ ;fo" ;fo"e" e" #po$#eH. ;2+)erl&+&+/ o2r*"
5. Afe" a 4op"ee/#ive "evie of e #4ee of e A4 a/, e le-i le-i#laiv #laive e i/e/ i# Co$" i/ Lila G$pa (#$p"a el, a a a""ia-e i/ 4o/"ave/io/ of e p"ovi#o o Se4io/ Se4io / 1: i# /o voi,. voi,. Refe""i efe""i//- o Se4io/# Se4io/# : a/, 11 of
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CPC i# i,"a/ a pe"#o/ #all /o 9e e/ile, o a=e o" p"o#e4$e a/ appli4aio/ $/,e" '",e" I R$le 8 of e CPC. I/ S S&' &' Pr Pra* a*a) a) v. D2 D2r/ r/a a Pr Pra* a*a) a) e 4o/e/io/ of e Appella/ e"ei/ a a/ appli4aio/ le, $/ $/, ,e" e e afo fo""e#ai, R$l $le e 0 ,oe# /o #a a/, /, i,"a/ $/il a/ o",e" o e eDe4 i# "e4o",e, 9* e Co$" " a# /o a44ep epe e, ,.
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BBB.BB..J. S.A. @O@DE
BBB..BBBBBB..J. L. NAGESWARA RAO NEW DELHI, A2/2*t !$t !75
21
REPORTABLE IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION CIVIL APPEAL No. 18312 Of 2017
MR. ANURAG MITTAL
... APPELLANT(S
Versus MRS MR S. SH SHA AIL! MIS ISH HRA MIT ITT TAL
.... RESPO .. PON NDE DEN NT( T(S S
J U D G M E N T S.A.BOBDE" J.
1.
I am am in in ag agreement wi with th the vi view ta taken by by Na Nageswara Rao Rao J. J.
but it is necessary to state how the question before us has already been settled by the decision in Lila u!ta v u!ta v. La"mi Narain and #rs .1. $ven when the words of the !roviso were found to be !rohibitory in clear negative terms % &it shall not be lawful' etc.( this )ourt held that the inca!acity to marry im!osed by the !roviso did not lead to an infer inf erenc ence e of nul nullit lity( y( vide !ara !ara * of Lila u!ta u!ta +su!ra +su!ra,. ,.
It is all the
more di-cult to infer nullity when there is no !rohibition where there are no negative words but on the other hand !ositive words like &it shal sh alll be la lawf wful ul.' .' /s /ssu sumi ming ng th that at a ma marr rria iage ge co cont ntra ract cted ed be befo forre it beca be came me la lawf wful ul to do so wa was s un unla lawf wful ul an and d th the e wo worrds cr crea eate te a disability( it is not !ossible to infer a nullity or voidness vide !aras * 1
+1*0, 2 3)) 45
1
and an d 16 of Li Lila la u u!t !ta a ca case se.. 7h 7he e )o )our urtt mus ustt ha have ve reg egar ard d to th the e consequences of such an inter!retation on children who might have been conceived or born during the !eriod of disability. 4.
7he ob observations in in Li Lila u u!ta8s ca case ar are wi wide.
7hey ar are
undoubtedly made in the conte"t of the !roviso to sec 15 of the 9indu :arriage +/mendment, /ct( 1*0;4( since deleted. 7he !roviso o!ened o!ene d with the !rohibi !rohibition tion that &it &it shall not be lawful.' lawful.' 7his )ourt )ourt considered the question whether a marriage contracted in violation of the !roviso would be a nullity or void and came to the conclusion that though the !roviso is couched in !rohibitory and negative language( in the absence of an e"!ress !rovision it was not !ossible to infer null nu llit ity y in res es!e !ect ct of a mar arri riag age e co cont ntra ract cted ed by a !e !ers rson on un unde derr inca!acity !rescribed by the !roviso !roviso.. di>er erenc ence e bet betwee ween n an inc inca!a a!acit city y im im!os !osed ed by negative language such as &it shall not be lawful' or an inca!acity im!o im !ose sed d by !o !osi siti tive ve la lang ngua uage ge li lik ke &i &itt sh shal alll be la lawf wful ul +i +in n ce cert rtai ain n conditions( in the the absence of which which it is im!liedly unlawful,'. It would thus th us a! a!!e !ear ar th that at th the e la law w is al alrrea eady dy se sett ttle led d by th this is )o )our urtt th that at a marrri ma riag age e co cont ntra ract cted ed du duri ring ng a !r !res escr crib ibed ed !e !eri riod od wi will ll no nott be vo void id because it was contracted under under an inca!acity. inca!acity. #bviously( this would 4
/ct ; of 1*0;
4
have hav e no bea bearin ring g on the other other conditi conditions ons of a val valid id marria marriage. ge.
7he 7h e
decision in Lila u!ta case thus covers the !resent case on law. law. 2.
In any any eve event( in th the !re !resent cas case we ar are sat satis?ed tha that the the
a!!ellant8s marriage marriage was not subsisting subsisting when he married again. 9e had ?le ?led d an a!! a!!lic licati ation on for withdraw withdrawal al of his a!! a!!eal eal aga agains instt the decr de cree ee fo forr di diss ssol olut utio ion n an and d ha had d do done ne no noth thin ing g to co cont ntra radi dict ct hi his s intention to acce!t the decree of dissolution.
N$< A$L9I( /BB37 4C( 461
2
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