SUMMER INTERNSHIP PROJECT REPORT
ON
CLEAN TECHNOLOGY
Industry Guide
Faculty Guide
Mr. M.S. UMA MAHESVARAM
Mrs. MANU KALIA
DEPUTY GENERAL MANAGER BENNETT, COLEMAN & CO. LTD TIMES HOUSE – PRIVATE TREATIES
Amity School of Business
By:Pushpender Singh A0106406 A-38
Amity School of Business, Noida TABLE OF CONTENTS
1
Sl.No.
PARTIC PAR TICULA ULARS RS
PAGE No.
1.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
4
2.
CERTIFICATE
5
3.
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
6
4.
COMPANY PROFILE
8
5.
INTRODUCTION
6.
10
ENERGY SCENARIO
11
7.
INDIAN ENERGY SCENARIO
13
7.1
NON-RENEWABLE SOURCES
16
Thermal Energy
17
Nuclear energy
19
7.2
OIL
20
7.3
NATURAL GAS
21
7.4
RENEWABLE SOURCES
22
Hydro Energy
23
Wind Energy
25
Bio-Energy
27
Solar Energy
29
2
Sl.No.
PARTIC PAR TICULA ULARS RS
PAGE No.
1.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
4
2.
CERTIFICATE
5
3.
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
6
4.
COMPANY PROFILE
8
5.
INTRODUCTION
6.
10
ENERGY SCENARIO
11
7.
INDIAN ENERGY SCENARIO
13
7.1
NON-RENEWABLE SOURCES
16
Thermal Energy
17
Nuclear energy
19
7.2
OIL
20
7.3
NATURAL GAS
21
7.4
RENEWABLE SOURCES
22
Hydro Energy
23
Wind Energy
25
Bio-Energy
27
Solar Energy
29
2
8.
INNOVATIVE RENEWABLES
31
9.
CONCLUSION
34
10.
REFERANCES & BIBLIOGRAPHY
35
11.
ANNEXURES
36
3
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The making of any report calls for contribution and cooperation from many others besides the individual alone. It is the result of meticulous effort put in by many minds that contribute to the final report submission and this work too is not an exception.
Thus, one of the best parts of writing this report is the opportunity to thank those who have contributed towards it.
First and foremost, I would like to take the opportunity to express my sincere gratitude to my Industry Guide Mr. M.S. Uma Mahesvaram (Deputy General Manager, Times Private Treaties ) & my Faculty Guide Mrs. Manu Kalia for their valued insights,
suggestions and continuous support, without which this project would not have reached successful completion.
This project has given me vast knowledge of clean technology.
Pushpender Singh A0106406 A-38 Amity School of Business
4
To Whom It May Concern
This is to certify that Mr. Pushpender Singh, Student of Amity Business School, Noida has successfully completed his summer training project on the topic
“Clean Technology”
The training took place in Delhi. Duration of Training was from May 15 to July 11, 2008.
During the duration of training with us, we found him sincere, dynamic and committed to job assigned to him.
Yours Sincerely, For Times of India – Private Treaties
Mr. M.S. Uma Mahesvaram Deputy General Manager New Delhi
5
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Purposes of the report The purpose of this report is to define the universe of clean technology companies for generating various options for times-private treaties.
Scope of the report
The scope of the report are (a) to attempt defining the size of the clean energy market in India, (b) what are the various fields of clean energy technology (c) to know which companies are dealing in clean technology, foreign as well as Indian companies but with an emphasis on Indian scenario that will serve potential opportunities for times Private Treaties. Availability of, and access to, electricity is a crucial element of modern economies and it helps pave the way for human development. Accordingly, the power sector has been given a high priority in the national planning processes in India and a concerted focus on enhancing this sector has resulted in significant gains in generation and availability of electricity. Clean energy includes natural energetic processes that can be harnessed with little pollution such as anaerobic digestion, geothermal power, wind power , small-scale hydropower , solar power , biomass power, tidal power and wave power fall under such a category. They also include power derived from the incineration of waste. The study begins by discussing the global energy scenario. The second chapter describes in detail the global energy scenario in which there are details of global installed capacity (continent-wise). The third chapter describes in detail about the Indian energy scenario in which it is shown that Coal-based power has driven much of the growth in India’s power 6
sector over the past three decades. Currently, the power sector consumes about 80% of the coal produced in the country. As the demand for electricity is expect to rise dramatically over the next decade, coal will continue to be the dominant energy source. The fourth chapter discusses in brief about the various other aspects of Clean Technology such as Mechanical efficiency, various new energy efficiency trends in different sectors and about the Future Fuels and needless to say that these are Clean.
The key challenges facing India’s power sector include: an urgent need to increase energy and electricity availability for human and infrastructure development; increasing energy security; local environment protection and pollution control; and control of greenhouse gas emissions (particularly carbon dioxide). The task of meeting these broad challenges is further complicated by several constraints: availability and quality of domestic coal; limited financial resources; inadequate technical capacity for R&D, manufacturing, and O&M; and the institutional characteristics of the Indian power sector.
For each of these sectors companies both international and Indian are identified with details of their business activity and location for possible Private Treaties purposes.
7
Company Profile Bennett, Coleman & Co. Ltd. is the largest media group in India, owned by the Jain
family. It is best known as the publisher of English daily The Times of India. This company, along with its other group companies, are more popularly known as The Times Group. The Times Group also publishes The Economic Times (a leading financial broadsheet), Mumbai Mirror, Bangalore Mirror, the Navbharat Times (a Hindi daily broadsheet), Sandhya Times, and the Maharashtra Times (a Marathi daily broadsheet). It publishes general interest magazines like Femina and Filmfare, in a JV with BBC magazines and the venture is called Worldwide Media. The Times Group has very recently added TIMES NOW a 24-hour English news channel to its chain of news organizations. TIMES NOW earlier was a Joint Venture between Times Group and Reuters. It owns Radio Mirchi, a popular FM Radio brand in India with a presence in 32 cities around the country and Indiatimes.com, a popular Indian portal. Times Business Solutions Pvt., Ltd (one of the group companies) has launched a real-estate specialty portal MagicBricks.com that brings property buyers and sellers (for both land & various types of constructions) onto a platform. It also has a job portal called "Timesjobs.com" and a matrimonial portal called "Simplymarry.com".
Times Private Treaties Private Treaties is an innovative venture from the Times of India group, India's largest and most successful media conglomerate. It leverages the long experience and wide reach of The Times Group to create value for its Private Treaties clients through strategic 8
partnerships. It’s the new age marketing tool to bring the future forward, accelerating brand building, increasing consumer connect and build enterprise wealth in a fast manner. PT reinforces the wisdom that the success of any enterprise will depend on its ability to use its intangible assets, not its ability to amass and control physical ones. The Times Group is eminently placed to help its partners make this leap into the future. They achieve this by: (a) Risk sharing: catalyzing the shift from fungible product to resonating brands by providing long term advertising funds. (b) Innovating: Involved depth thinking and ideation to create cutting edge communication solutions that deliver stated marketing objectives. (c) Value Enhancing: Enabling clients to expand faster and more profitably with our support and guidance.
9
Clean Technology Chapter 1: Introduction Objective:
1. To define the universe of clean technology companies. 2. To generate options for Times – Private Treaties.
Research Methodology
•
Mostly information collection oriented through secondary and tertiary means.
Scope of the Study:
•
To define the size of the clean energy market in India
•
Understand what are the various fields of clean energy technology
•
The companies that are dealing in clean technology foreign as well as Indian companies but more emphasis on Indian Companies and
•
To spot opportunities for times Private Treaties.
Data Collection:
•
Data was collected through internet, magazines, newspapers, prospectus, GOI publications, encyclopedias.
10
Chapter 2: Energy Scenario The Global installed capacity of Power is around 37,63,200 MW approx. The global energy installed-capacity increase is at the rate of about 2% per annum. The per capita consumption of electricity is around 3,058 kWh / year. The cumulative shortfall of electricity is around 1,07,250 MW approx. The global scenario of installed capacities of Thermal Power is 23,89,200 MW, Wind Power is 1,00,000 MW, Solar Power is 1,54,000 MW, Bio-Energy is 35,000 MW, Hydro Energy is 7,15,000 MW and Nuclear Energy is 3,70,000 MW. North America rank first by worldwide comparison with an installed capacity of 11,29,000 MW, Asia and Oceania rank second with an installed capacity of 10,40,000 MW, Europe rank third with an installed capacity of 8,03,000 MW, Eurasia rank fourth with an installed capacity of 3,45,000 MW, Central and South America rank fifth with an installed capacity of 2,14,000 MW, Middle East rank sixth with an installed capacity of 1,23,000 MW and Africa rank seventh with an installed capacity of 1,06,000 MW.
Break-up of global installed capacity Exhibit-1 North America Asia and Oceania Europe
5.7%
3.3
2.8% Eurasia
9.2
30%
Central and South America
21.3%
Middle East
27.7% Africa
Source : International Energy Outlook
Detailed Break-up of Global Installed Capacity 11
Exhibit-2 Sl.No. Country 1 North America 2 Asia and Oceania 3 Europe 4 Eurasia 5 Central and South America 6 Middle East 7 Africa Source : International Energy Outlook
Installed Capacity in MW 11,29,000 10,40,000 8,03,000 3,45,000 2,14,000 1,23,000 1,06,000
Oil accounts for 36% of the global energy needs, where the production of oil is around 83 million bbl/day. Consumption of oil is around 82.59 million bbl/day, whereas natural gas accounts for 24% of the global energy needs, where the production of natural gas is around 2.822 trillion cu M. Consumption of natural gas is around 2.819 trillion cu M.
Global Energy Requirements met through Oil, Natural gas and Electricity Exhibit-3
Oil
40 %
36 %
Natural Gas Electricity
24 %
Source : www.worldenergy.org
Chapter 3: Indian Energy Scenario In India, oil accounts for 36% of the Indian energy needs, whereas natural gas accounts for 9% of Indian energy needs
12
Consumption of energy needs in India are as follows Exhibit-4 Sl. No. 1 2 3 Source : www.cea.gov
Pariculars Electricity Natural Gas Oil
Consumption 387.90 Billion KWH 30.83 billion cu M 2.45 million bbl/day
The total installed capacity of Electric energy, in India is around 1,38,710 MW. India’s rank 6th in the world in terms of energy demands. India accounts for 3.5% of the world commercial energy demands. Expected power demand is around 6,00,000 MW by year2030 with a 8 % cumulative growth. India’s energy consumption has been increasing at one of the fastest rates in the world due to population growth and economic development. The cumulative demand is around 1,56,710 MW(approx). Present per capita consumption of electricity – 660 kWh / year. Currently in India, renewable energy produces around 10,985 MW approx. Currently the shortfall in India is around 15,000-20,000 MW.
Detailed break-up of energy power produced in India Exhibit-5 Sl.No.
Energy
Production (Installed Capacity in MW)
Non-Renewable Sources:
13
1
THERMAL
88,215
2
NUCLEAR
4,120
3
HYDRO
35,390
Renewable Sources: 4
BIO
1,307
5
WIND
7,660
6
SMALL HYDRO
2,015
7
SOLAR
3
TOTAL
1,38,710
Source : Ministry of Renewable and Non-Renewable energy
In India, Thermal Power accounts for 64%, hydro power accounts for 25 %, Nuclear Power accounts for 3% and Renewable sources accounts for 8% of the total electricity.
Production distribution of various types of Electric-energy in India Exhibit-6 Thermal
3%
Hydro
8%
Nuclear
25% 64%
Renewable Sources
Source : www.reeep.org In India, wind power accounts for 70 %, small hydro accounts for 18%, biomass power
accounts for 5.1%, Bagasse-cogeneration accounts for 6.3%, waste to energy accounts for 0.5%, and solar power accounts for 0.1% of the total renewable energy.
Break-up of renewable energy in India: 14
Exhibit-7 Wind Power
6.3%
Small Hydro
0.1%
5.1%
Biomass Power
0.5% 18%
Bagasse Cogeneration
70 % Waste to E nergy
Solar Power
Source : Ministry of Renewable and Non-Renewable energy
Detailed break-up of renewable sources in India Exhibit-8 Sl. No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Source
Renewable Sources Wind Power Small Hydro Power Solar Power Biomass Power Bagasse Cogeneration Waste to Energy
Installed Capacity (in mw) 7,660 2,015 3 560 692 55
: Ministry of Renewable and Non-Renewable energy
3.1 Sources of Energy 3.1.1 Non-Renewable Sources
15
A non-renewable resource is a natural resource that cannot be re-made, re-grown or regenerated on a scale comparative to its consumption. The constituents of nonrenewable energy are : (a) Thermal Energy (b) Nuclear Energy Currently, the global production of non-renewable energy is 27,59,200 MW approx, which is 30 times more as compared to India which is 92,335 MW approx.
3.1.1.1 Thermal Energy
16
Thermal energy can only be defined as any spontaneous flow of energy (energy in transit) from one object to another, caused by a difference in temperature between two objects; thus, an object cannot possess heat. Globally, thermal energy currently supplies around 23,89,200 MW approx. or 63.5 % of the world’s electricity. Thermal energy continues to increase at a growth rate 3.4% per annum. Some major global players in thermal energy sector are as follows: (a) China Coal Energy Company Limited, Beijing, China. (b) Beard Co., Oklahoma City, USA. (c) Cascade Energy Inc, Portland, USA. (d) Coal Corp. Mining Inc, Toronto, Canada.
In India, currently the production of thermal power is around 88,215 MW approx or 64% of total energy. Thermal energy continues to increase at a growth rate of 4.2 % per annum. Some major Indian players in the sector of thermal power are as follows : Government owned companies (a) Karnataka Power Corporation Limited, Karnataka. (b) Gujarat Government Company, Gujarat. (c) Damodar Valley Corporation, Kolkata. (d) North Eastern Electric Power Corporation Limited, Meghalaya. (e) Gujarat State Electricity Corporation Limited, Gujarat. (f) Indraprastha Power Generation Co. Ltd, New Delhi. (g) Maharashtra State Power Generation Co Ltd, Maharashtra. (h) UP Rajya Vidyut Utpadan Nigam Ltd, Uttar Pradesh .
Public/Private Companies
17
(a) Reliance Power Limited, Mumbai. (b) KSK Energy Ventures Limited, Hyderabad. (c) Energy Infratech Pvt. Limited, New Delhi. (d) NTPC, New Delhi. (e) LANCO Infratech Ltd, Hyderabad. (f) Essar Power Limited, Mumbai. Details regarding Indian thermal energy companies are given as reference in Annexures i.e. Table B.1.
3.1.1.2 Nuclear Energy
18
Nuclear Energy is energy due to the splitting (fission) or merging together (fusion) of the nuclei of atoms. Nuclear energy is released by three exoenergetic (or exothermic) processes as (i) Radioactive decay : In this, a neutron or proton in the radioactive nucleus decays spontaneously by emitting either particles, electromagnetic radiation (gamma rays), neutrinos (or all of them), (ii) Fusion: In this, two atomic nuclei fuse together to form a heavier nucleus and (iii) Fission: means the breaking of a heavy nucleus into two (or more rarely three) lighter nuclei. Globally, Nuclear energy currently supplies 3,70,000 MW or 9.8% of the world’s electricity. Nuclear energy continues to increase at a growth rate 4% per annum. Some major global players in the sector of nuclear power are as follows: (a) Hokkaido Electric Power Company, Japan. (b) Union Electric Company, Vancouver, USA. (c) Ontario Power Generation, Toronto, Canada. (d) Federation of Electric Power Companies, Washington, USA.
In India, currently the production of nuclear power is around 4,120 MW approx or 3% of total energy. Nuclear energy continues to increase at a growth rate of 2.5 % per annum.
Some major Indian players in the sector of nu clear power are as follows : (a) Nuclear Power Corporation of India Limited, Mumbai. (b) Electronics Corporation of India Limited, Hyderabad. (c) Bhartiya Nabhikiya Vidyut Nigam Limited, Tami Nadu. (d) Uranium Corporation of India Limited, Jharkhand. (e) Reliance Energy Limited, Mumbai. Details regarding Indian nuclear energy companies are given as reference in Annexures i.e. Table B.8.
3.1.2 Oil
19
An oil is a substance that is in a viscous liquid state ("oily") at ambient temperatures or slightly warmer, and is both hydrophobic, (immiscible with water, literally "water fearing") and lipophilic (miscible with other oils, literally "fat loving").
Globally, the production of oil is around 83 million bbl/day. Consumption of oil is around 82.59 million bbl/day.
Some major global players in the sector of oil are as follows: (a) Admiral Bay Resources Inc, Toronto, Canada. (b) Allenergy, Inc, Coffeyville, USA. (c) Antrim Energy Inc, Calgary, Canada. (d) Arena Resources, Inc, Tulsa, USA. Details regarding (global) oil companies are given as reference in Annexures i.e. Table A.19.
In India, currently the production of oil is around 7,85,000 million bbl/day. Consumption of oil is around 2.45 million bbl/day.
Some major Indian players in the sector of oil are as follows : Government owned companies Gujarat State Energy Generation Co Ltd, Gujarat. Public/Private Companies (a) Oil and Natural Gas Corporation Ltd, Dehradun. (b) Oil India Limited, Noida. (c) GAIL (India) Limited, Chandigarh. (d) Indian Oil Corporation, New Delhi.
Details regarding Indian oil companies are given as reference in Annexures i.e. Table B.6.
3.1.3 Natural Gas
20
Natural gas is often informally referred to as simply gas, especially when compared to other energy sources such as electricity.
Globally, the production of natural gas is around 2.822 trillion cu M. Consumption of natural gas is around 2.819 trillion cu M. Some major global players in the sector of natural gas are as follows: (a) American Oil & Gas Inc, Oklahoma, USA. (b) ATP Oil & Gas Corporation, Houston USA. (c) Aspen Exploration Corporation, Bakersfield, USA. (d) Bontan Corporation Inc., Toronto, Canada. More details regarding (global) natural gas companies are given as reference in Annexures i.e. Table A.11.
In India, currently the production of natural gas is around 28.2 billion cu M. Consumption of natural gas is around 30.83 billion cu M. Some major Indian players in the sector of na tural gas are as follows : Government owned companies (a) Gujarat Industries Power Company Ltd, Gujarat. (b) Gujarat State Energy Generation Co Ltd, Gujarat. (c) North Eastern Electric Power Corporation Limited, Meghalaya. (d) Andhra Pradesh Gas Power Corporation Ltd, Andhra Pradesh. Public/Private Companies (a) Oil and Natural Gas Corporation Ltd, Dehradun. (b) GMR Group, Bangalore. (c) KSK Energy Ventures Limited, Hyderabad. (d) GAIL (India) Limited, Chandigarh. (e) BOC India Limited, Kolkata. (f) LANCO Infratech Ltd, Hyderabad. More details regarding Indian natural gas companies are given as reference in Annexures i.e. Table B.7. 3.1.4 Renewable Sources
21
Renewable energy is a source of energy that can never be exhausted. We can obtain renewable energy from the sun (solar energy), from the water (hydropower ), from the wind (windmills), and waste ( biomass). Renewable energy is also called “clean energy” or “green power” because it doesn’t pollute the air or the water. The term Clean energy is used to describe sources of energy which are considered environmentally friendly and non- polluting. Consumers, businesses, and organizations may specifically purchase clean energy in order to support further development, help reduce the environmental impacts associated with conventional electricity generation, and increase their nation’s energy independence. The constituents of renewable energy are: (a) Hydro Energy (b) Wind Energy (c) Bio-Energy (d) Solar Energy Currently, the global production of renewable energy is 10,04,000 MW approx, which is 21 times more as compared to India which is 46,375 MW approx.
3.1.4.1 Hydro Power
22
Hydropower or hydraulic power is the force or energy of moving water. Hydropower was used for irrigation, and operation of various machines, such as : (i) Watermills (ii) Textile machines (iii) Sawmills Hydroelectricity currently supplies about 7,15,000 MW or 19% of the world’s electricity, accounting for 63% of the total electricity from the renewable energy sector. Hydro energy continues to increase at a growth rate 10% per annum. Some major global players in hydro energy sector are as follows: (a) Constellation Energy, Baltimore, USA. (b) Scottish and Southern Energy, London, England. (c) Evergreen Energy Inc, Denver, USA. (d) Northwestern Corporation, Sioux Falls, USA. More details regarding (global) hydro power companies are given as reference in Annexures i.e. Table A.7.
In India, currently the production of hydro power is around 35,390 MW approx or 25% of total energy. Hydro energy continues to increase at a growth rate of 6 % per annum. Some major Indian players in the hydro energy sector are as follows : Government owned companies: (a) Tehri Hydro Development Corporation Limited, Uttar Pradesh. (b) North Eastern Electric Power Corporation Limited, Meghalaya. (c) Uttaranchal Jal Vidyut Nigam Limited, Uttranchal. (d) Karnataka Power Corporation Limited, Karnataka. (e) Orissa Hydro Power Corporation Ltd, Orrisa. (f) Uttar Pradesh jal vidyut nigam, limited. (g) Gujarat State Electricity Corporation Limited, Gujarat. (h) Damodar Valley Corporation, Kolkata. (i) Rajasthan Rajya Vidyut Utpadan Nigam, Rajasthan. (j) NHPC Limited, Haryana. Public/Private Companies (a) Reliance Power Limited, Mumbai. 23
(b) Lanco Infratech Limited, Hyderabad. (c) GMR Group, Bangalore. (d) Jaiprakash Hydro-Power Limited, New Delhi. (e) Tata Power, Mumbai. (f) KSK Energy Ventures Limited, Hyderabad. (g) Malana Power Company Ltd, Delhi. (i) Energy Infratech Pvt Ltd, New Delhi. (j) Tata Power, Mumbai. More details regarding Indian hydro power companies are given as reference in Annexures i.e. Table B.2.
3.1.4.2 Wind Energy
24
Wind power is the conversion of wind energy into a useful form, such as electricity, using wind turbines Wind turbines transform the energy in the wind into mechanical power, which can then be used directly for grinding etc. or further converting to electric power to generate electricity.
Globally, wind energy currently supplies 1,00,000 MW or 2.6 % of the world’s electricity. Wind energy continues to increase at a growth rate 20% per annum.
Some major global players in wind energy sector are as follows: (a) Leader Resources Corporation, Ontario, Canada . (b) General Electric, New York, USA. (c) American Superconductor, Devens, USA. (d) Shearwind Inc, Nova Scotia, Canada. More details regarding (global) wind power companies are given as reference in Annexures i.e. Table A.17.
Currently, India’s Rank fourth by worldwide comparison with an installed capacity of 7,660 MW. Wind energy contributes around 5.5 % of total energy. Wind energy continues to increase at a growth rate around 27 % per annum.
Some major Indian players in the wind energy sector are as follows :
Government owned companies Karnataka Power Corporation Limited, Karnataka. Public/Private Companies (a) Suzlon Energy Limited, Pune. (b) BF Utilities Limited, Pune. (c) Epic Energy Limited, Mumbai. (d) Indowind Energy Limited, Chennai. (e) Vestas RRB India Limited, New Delhi. (f) NEPC India Limited, Chennai.
25
(g) Entegra Infrastructures Limited, Mumbai. (h) Regen Powertech Pvt Limited, Chennai. (i) Reliance Energy Ltd, Noida. (j) LANCO Infratech Ltd, Hyderabad. (k) Tata Power, Mumbai. More details regarding Indian wind power companies are given as reference in Annexures i.e. Table B.3.
3.1.4.3 Bio-Energy
26
Bioenergy is stored energy from the sun contained in materials such as plant matter and animal waste, known as biomass. Biomass is considered renewable because it is replenished more quickly when compared to the millions of years required to replenish fossil fuels. Globally, bio-energy currently supplies around 35,000 MW approx or 1 % of the world’s electricity. Bio-energy continues to increase at a growth rate of more than 5% per annum. Some major global players in bio-energy sector are as follows : (a) Colusa Biomass Energy Corporation, California, USA. (b) Green Energy Corporation, Norway. (c) Methanex Corporation, Vancouver, Canada. (d) Peat Resources Limited, Toronto, Canada. More details regarding (global) bio-energy companies are given as reference in Annexures i.e. Table A.6.
In India, currently the production of bio-energy is around 1,307 MW approx or 0.94% of total energy. Bio-energy continues to increase at a growth rate of 2 % per annum. Some major Indian players in the bio-energy sector are as follows : (a) Zenith Energy Services Pvt. Limited, Hyderabad. (b) Aum Consultancy Pvt. Limited, Chennai. (c) Entegra Infrastructures Limited, Mumbai. (d) Anama Energies Pvt. Limited, Pune. (e) Balaji Composites Ltd, Pune. (f) Biodiesel Technologies, Kolkata. (g) Biogreen Energy Systems Pvt Ltd, Pune. (h) Cethar Vessels Pvt Ltd, Mumbai. (i) Combustion Technologies Pvt Ltd, Pune. (j) Lars Enviro Pvt Ltd, Nagpur. (k) Laxmi Organic Industries Ltd, Mumbai. (l) Mitcon Consultancy Ltd, Pune. (m) MM Enviro Projects Pvt Ltd, Nagpur. (n) Nandan Biomatrix Ltd, Hyderabad.
27
(o) Phytotron Agro Products (India) Pvt Ltd, Bangalore. (p) Purab Infrastructure Projects Ltd, Amritsar. (q) Selco International Ltd, Hyderabad. (r) Thermotech Systems Ltd, Ahmedabad. (s) UBE Industries Ltd, Hyderabad. (t) Wärtsilä India Ltd, Chennai. (u) Wealth Solutions Pvt Ltd, Bangalore. (v) LANCO Infratech Ltd, Hyderabad. (w) Reliance Energy Ltd, Mumbai. More details regarding Indian bio-energy companies are given as reference in Annexures i.e. Table B.5.
3.1.4.4 Solar Energy
28
Solar energy is the heat and light radiated from the Sun that drives Earth's climate and supports life. Solar power is a synonym of solar energy or refers specifically to the conversion of sunlight into electricity by photovoltaics (PV), concentrating solar thermal devices or various experimental technologies. Globally, solar energy currently supplies around 1,54,000 MW approx or 4.1 % of the world’s electricity. At present, market for solar Photovotaics (PV) technologies are growing at a rate of more than 35 % per annum. Some major global players in solar energy sector are a s follows : (a) Renewable Energy, Norway. (b) Abengoa , Seville, Spain. (c) Day4energy Inc., Burnaby, Canada. (d) E-TON solar Tech, Tainan, Taiwan. More details regarding (global) solar energy companies are given as reference in Annexures i.e. Table A.12.
In India, currently the production of solar energy is around 3 MW approx or 0.002% of total energy. Solar energy continues to increase at a growth rate of more than 40 % per annum. Solar Photovoltaic (SPV) contribute 2.5% of power generation from renewable energy. Some major Indian players in the solar energy sector a re as follows : (a) Tata BP Solar India Limited, Bangalore. (b) ATR Solar (India), Madurai. (c) Moser Baer Photovoltaic Limited, New Delhi. (d) Phocos India Solar Pvt. Limited, Chennai. (e) Bhambri Enterprises, New Delhi. (f) Khandelwal Solar Power Limited, Madhya Pradesh. (g) Lifeway Solar Pvt Limited, Kerala. (h) Nuetech Solar Systems Pvt Limited, Bangalore. (i) Rajasthan Electronics & Instruments Limited, Rajasthan. (j) Savemax Solar Systems (P) Ltd, Pune. (k) Selco Solar Light (P) Limited, Bangalore.
29
(l) Tathastu Corporation, Rajkot. More details regarding Indian solar energy companies are given as reference in Annexures i.e. Table B.4.
Chapter- 4 Innovative Renewables
30
4.1 Mechanical Efficiency
Energy conservation is the practice of decreasing the quantity of energy used. It may be achieved through efficient energy use, in which case energy use is decreased while achieving a similar outcome, or by reduced consumption of energy services. Energy conservation may result in increase of financial capital, environmental value, national security, personal security, and human comfort. Individuals and organizations that are direct consumers of energy may want to conserve energy in order to reduce energy costs and promote economic security. Industrial and commercial users may want to increase efficiency and thus maximize profit. Energy conservation facilitates the replacement of non-renewable resources with renewable energy. Energy conservation is often the most economical solution to energy shortages, and is a more environmentally benign alternative to increased energy production.
Energy Efficiency Trends
1. Transportation: The transportation includes all vehicles used for personal or freight transportation. Of the energy used in this sector, approximately 65% is consumed by gasoline-powered vehicles, primarily personally owned. Diesel-powered transport (trains, merchant ships, heavy trucks, etc.) consumes about 20%, and air traffic consumes most of the remaining 15%.
2. Industrial Sector: The industrial sector represents all production and processing of goods, including manufacturing, construction, farming, water management and mining. Increasing costs have forced energy-intensive industries to make substantial efficiency improvements in the past 30 years. For example, the energy used to produce steel and paper products has been cut 40% in that time frame, while petroleum/aluminum refining and cement production have reduced their usage by about 25%.
31
3. Residential Sector: The residential sector refers to all private residences, including single-family homes, apartments, manufactured homes and dormitories. Energy use in this sector varies significantly across the country, due to regional climate differences and different regulation. Standby power used by consumer electronics and appliances while they are turned off accounts for an estimated 5 to 10% of household electricity consumption. Ground and Water Source Heat Pump systems are the more energy efficient, environmentally clean, and cost-effective space conditioning systems available (Environmental Protection Agency), and can achieve reductions in energy consumptions of up to 69%.
4. Commercial Sector: The commercial sector consists of retail stores, offices (business and government), restaurants, schools and other workplaces. Fluorescent lighting (about four times as efficient as incandescent) is the standard for most commercial space, although it may produce certain adverse health effects. Recent advances include use of occupancy sensors to turn off lights when spaces are unoccupied, and photosensors to dim or turn off electric lighting when natural light is available. Natural gas heating efficiencies have improved through use of condensing furnaces and boilers, in which the water vapor in the flue gas is cooled to liquid form before it is discharged, allowing the heat of condensation to be used.
Details regarding efficiency companies are given as reference in Annexures i.e. Table A.8, B.9 and C.
4.2 Future fuels
Fuel efficiency means the efficiency of a process that converts chemical potential energy contained in a carrier fuel into kinetic energy or work . Non-transportation applications, such as industry, benefit from increased fuel efficiency, especially fossil fuel power plants or industries dealing with combustion, such as ammonia production during the Haber process. Biodiesel is one of world's most promising alternative fuel sources. And by developing biodiesel, the world will be less dependent on sources of oil. There is a need for a comprehensive energy strategy, which includes pursuing policies to make
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prices reasonable at the pump. Today's gasoline prices and diesel prices are making it harder for families worldwide to meet their budgets. These prices are making it more expensive for farmers to produce their crop, more difficult for businesses to create jobs. Another policy in reducing transportation costs is to better conserve. Inaddition, strategies must be sought to reduce the future damand by countries like India and China for crude oil. This would include develop new fuels like biodiesel and ethanol as alternatives to diesel and gasoline.
Details regarding fuel efficiency companies are given as reference in Annexures i.e. Table D.
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Conclusion India is a rapidly developing economy with an insatiable demand for power. It’s government is committed to the exploitation of it’s renewable energy resources, particularly wind, and has set ambitious targets for capacity installation. Despite rapid exploitation of this resource the proportion of India’s technical potential not yet exploited remains huge.
Further, since manufactured fuels lack many of the impurities of crude-oil-derived fuels, they will be more acceptable from the standpoint of emissions.
The result of the study showed that availability of highly qualified cheap manpower along with fast growing industrialization and significantly higher economic growth potential has undoubtedly transformed India into one of the largest potential markets in the world.
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References & Bibliography 1. Prospectus of KSK Energy Venture Limited.
2. Prospectus of Reliance Power Limited.
3. Economic Times.
Websites 1. www.investorideas.com
2. www.google.com
3. www.wikipedia.com
4. www.indiaenergyportal.org
5. www.reeeg.org
6. www.mnes.nic.in
7. www.globalenergy.org
8. www.eco-web.com
9. www.peswiki.com
10. www.business-standard.com
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ANNEXURES Table A – Global Renewable Energy Company List. Table A.1 - Flywheel Stocks. Table A.2 - Fuel cell and Hydrogen Companies. Table A.3 - Geothermal Companies. Table A.4 - Batteries/Energy Storage Backup Companies. Table A.5 - Biofuel and Ethanol Companies. Table A.6 - Biomass. Table A.7 - Clean Power Plants & Utilities. Table A.8 - Energy Efficiency Companies. Table A.9 - Green Certificates/Carbon Companies. Table A.10 - Micro Turbines Companies. Table A.11 - Natural Gas Companies. Table A.12 - Photovotaic & Solar Companies. Table A.13 - Recycling & Recycling Technology Companies. Table A.14 - Renewable Energy Investment - General Companies. Table A.15 - Sustainable & Electric Transportation, Green Automotive Companies. Table A.16 - Wave & Tidal Power Companies. Table A.17 - Wind Power & Wind Energy Companies. Table A.18 - Alternative Energy Funds/Indices. Table A.19 - Oil Companies.
Table B – Indian Energy Company List Table B.1 - Thermal Power Companies. Table B.2 - Hydro Power Companies. Table B.3 - Wind Power Companies. Table B.4 - Solar Energy Companies. Table B.5 - Bio Energy Companies. Table B.6 - Oil Companies. Table B.7 - Natural Gas Companies.
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