Compilado por urijenny
La imagen de portada es una imagen negativizada del esqueleto del Tyrannosaurio rex de !ssei Yoshino.
Contenido: • Esbozo biográfico de Issei Yoshino • Artículo sobre Issei Yoshino en japonés • Aviones • Objetos • Animales • Dinosaurios • Esqueleto de Tyrannosausur rex
lssei Yoshino
lssei Yoshino Issci Yoshjno (5 Jf-~ , Yoshino lssei) (nacido el 3 de agosto de 1964 en Kawaguchi, Saitama , Japón, fallecido clll de agosto de 1996) fue un dcstac.'ldo maestro japonés de la papiroflexia u origami. Fue, hasta su prematu ra muerte a los 32 años, el más representativo de la joven generación de plegadores japoneses de la agrupación Origami Tanteidan. Sus modelos de esqueletos de dinosaurios de origami ("Tyrarmosaurus rcx", "Triceratops"), entre otros, le dieron notoriedad mundial como creador de modelos complejos de origanú
111
Información biográfica Después de graduarse en la Kawaguchi Technical High School, lssei inició sus estudios en un instituto aeronáutico ya que quería ser ingeniero aeronáutico. Aunque posteriormente decidió seguir estudios en computación, siempre mantuvo interés en la aeronáutica, llegando a diseñar varios mode los de origami de famososjets de la época. Trabajó en la Digital Service Coq>. en Tokyo. lssei Yoshino comenzó a crear modelos de papiroflexia a los quince años, mientras se encontraba cursando la escuela secundaria, siendo un águila en vuelo su primer diseño conocido. Fue uno de los miembros fun dadores del gru po de creadores de origami "Odgami Tanteidan" ("Origami Detectives" ahora conocido como "Japan Origami Academic Sociery" o JOAS) for mado en 1989, y pronto se destacó como uno de sus más brillantes creadores de modelos de papiroflexia. Yoshino fue uno de los primeros plegadores en utilizar programas gráficos en computadoras para realizar los diagramas de plegado de sus modelos. La prematura muerte de Issei Yoshino, a consecuencia de un cáncer. dejó al origami japonés sin su mayor creativo.
Hoy, pese al tiempo transcurrido, sus modelos no han envejecido y siguen siendo ejemplo de virtuosismo y elegancia en e! arte de lapapiroflexia. La JOAS, con base en donaciones de sus miembros, creó el fondo lssei Yoshi no Fund para conmemorar a lssei
Yoshino, e invitar a jóvenes y dest.acados origamistas de todo el Mundo a participar en las convenciones anuales Origanú Tanteidan en Japó n.
Creaciones Al contrado de otros creadores contemporáneos de figuras de origamí, que trazan los ''crease pattems" o cp de los modelos antes de plegarlos, Yoshino trabajaba sólo con el cuadrado de papel hasta completar el modelo. Comenzaba con una imagen del modelo terminado, e iba plegando las diferentes secciones de su diseño, llegando eventualmente a plegar las distintas secuencias en el modelo completo. Est.e modo de trabajo hacía que la realización de un modelo le insumiera mucho tiempo y esfuer-.w hasta completarlo.
Los diagramas de sus modelos se publicaron en las Origami Tanteidan Magaúne, NOA magazine, y en los libros de diagramas de las convenciones de origanú de la JOAS (Japan Origami Academic Society). También en libros de convenciones de la BOS (British Origami Society), MFPP (Mouvement Fram;:ais des Plieurs de Papier), y de Origanú USA En la Odgami Database pueden encontrarse citados la mayor pane de sus modelos, indicándose en qué Ubro, o revista, se puede encontrar. Se indican a continuación algunas de las figuras de papiroflexia de lssei Yoshino cuyos diagramas o cp (crease pattems) han sido publicados en libros de recopilaciones de diagramas (en libros de convenciones de la JOAS , en las Origami Tanteidan Magazine, en las NOA magazine, y en otros libros y magazines, listado no exhaustivo): "Baby tyrarmosaurus", "Bromosaurus", "Tyrannosaurus", "Clleval", "'Coelacanth", "Manta ray" cp, "Tiger'', "Samurai he) mct" , "F-15 Eagle" , "FA-18 Hornet", "Harrier" . El diagrama del FA-18 Homet fue
lssei Yoshino
realizado por Noboru Miyajima a partir del diseño de Yoshino y publicado en el 2007 en la Origami Tantcidan Magazine N° 102, e n ta nlo que el diagrama del Harrier fue realizado por Koshiro Hatori, a partir de borradores inconclusos de lssei Yoshino, y publicado en 1998 en el libro de la cuarta convención Origami Tantcidan. Su libro: "Skeleton of a Tyra nnosaurus rex" fue publicado en 1993 por Origami House, en japonés, y también en el mismo afio se publicó la versión en inglés en Canadá por Origami M aple. Este modelo fue diseñado por Yoshino para ser plegado a partir de 21 cuadrados iguales de papel. S u libro: "Issei Super Complex Origami" fue publicado en 1996 por Origami House, en japonés. El libro presenta los diagra mas de una variedad de modelos complejos: desde motocicletas hasta dinosaurios, pasando por el tigre rugiendo, congelado en el momento de saltar, tal vez su modelo más represe ntativo (este modelo tan1bién se publicó en el libro de la convención Origami USA 1996 y en el libro de modelos de la primera convención Origami Tanteidan de 1995). En este libro se e ncuentra también el esquelelo de Triceratops: este modelo fu e diseñado por Yoshino para ser plegado a partir de 19 cuadrados iguales de papel.
Referencias 11] Esbozo biogJáfico de lssei Yoshino en el libro "Skeleton of a Tyrannosaurus rex" publicado en Canadá en 1993 por Origami Maple
Artículo sobre lssei Yoshino en el Origam.i Tanteida n Magazine N° 40 Esbozo biográfico de Issei Yoshino en el sitio web de Origami House de Makoto Yamaguchi: (http://www. origam ihouse.jp/works/harmo/profile/panel-domestidyoshino.htm l). Perfil biográfico de Issei Yoshino en el sitio web del Russian Origami Magazine (http:// jorigami. narod. ru/ Conte nts/n_07/09_Gctcrom00ulc_origami.htm). Reseña del libro "lssei super complex origami " en el sitio de Gilad Aharo n..i (http:// www. g.iladorigam.i. com/ BO_SuperComplex.hunl). Reseña del libro "Skeleton of a Tyra nnosaurus rex" en el sitio de Gilad Aharoni (http://www.giladorigam.i .com/ BO_Trex.htm l). Artículo: '' Folding a Triceratops skelelon'' de Jason Ku en el magazi ne "TI1e Fold" !'100 2 Infor mación en el sitio web de la lOAS. Los libros de las convenciones de origami de la JOAS y las Origami Tanteidan M agazine en que se han publicado diagramas de Issei Yoshino.
En laces externos Galería de modelos de papiroflexia de lssei Yosltino en el sitio web de Gabriel Vo ng's OriScope Olltp;//oriSOO. free.fr/authorsllssei_ Yoshinolen. hun ). Listado de los cliagramas de figuras de origami de lssei Yoshino en la Origami Database, indicándose también en qué libro o revista encontrarlos (http://origamidb.stagepics.co.uk/showcroator. asp?CreatorName=Yoshino_Issei&R ealName=Yoshino, Issei).
Issei Yoshino
Fotogr.tfias de Issei Yoshino
Issei Yoshino
Issei Yoshino & David Brill
Makoto Yamaguchi & Issei Yoshino & John Montroll
Tyrannosaurus Rex Skeleton Issei Yoshino Japan
Designed by Issei Yoshino 7' x 12.5'(18cmx32cm) Folded from tie-dyed washi by Masao Hatori. Yoshino's magnificent Tyrannosaurus Rex Skeleron promoted a new respect for compovnd origilmi models. His ·mane· fold, a~ ~hown in his horse on the following page, is distinctive and elegant, and broke new ground in origami Style and technology. It insists that the mane is an important and commanding feature of the horse and so the arching pleats are literally central to this design. Likewise, the geometric, diamond-shaped scales that form the back of Yoshino's Wild Boar (also on the fo llowing page) are Important; it's as if the rest of the boar was designed around this promlnem feature. Issei Yoshino's designs have Inspired and influenced thousands, despite his short life of only thirty-one years. These examples of Yoshino's orig<.Jmi designs were folded by Masao Hatori. one of Jap<.Jn's fi nest folde rs.
Horse and Wild Boar Designed by Issei Yosh1no Horse4" x 7" (IDem x 18cm), W1 ld Boar 3" x6" (8 crnx 15 em) Folded from tie·dyed wash1 by Ma!>ao Hawn.
Artículo Sobre e l artista Issei Yoshino publjcado en el Origami Tanteidan Magazine N° 40 de 1996.
Aviones Así como el "Issei Super Complex Origami" se inicia con las motocicletas de Issei, que ocupan un lugar central en el libro, en este segundo libro recopilatorio
de los diagramas de sus modelos el lugar central lo ocupan sus modelos de aviones.
El diagrama del F-15 Eagle se publicó en tres parles en los números 40, 41 , y 42 del Origami Tanteidan Magazine en 1996-1997. El diagrama del FA-18 Homet fue realizado por Noboru Miyajima a partir del diseño de Yoshino y publicado en el 2007 en la Origami Tanteidan Magazine N° 102, en tanto que el diagrama del Harrier fue realizado por Koshiro Hatori, a partir de borradores inconclusos
de Issei Yoshino, y publicado en 1998 en el libro de la cuarta convención Origami Tanteidan.
• F-15 Eagle • F/A-18 Hornet, diagramado por Noboru Miyajima • Harrier, diagramado por Koshiro Hatori
Objetos Se incluye aquí el " Samurai helmet" publicado en el Quarterly Oru folding diagrams Vol. 1 de 1995.
• Samurai helmet
Animales El diagrama del "Cheval" casi idéntico al que se encuentra en el "Issei Super Complex Origami" se publicó en el Libro de diagramas de "Les rencontres de mai 1995" El diagrama del "Coelacanth" es de la NOA Magazine N' 205 de 1992. El cp de la "Manta ray" es del Origami Tanteidan Magazine N° 104 del 2007. El diagrama del "Tiger" , con los textos en inglés, es del Libro de diagramas de la Convención Origami USA 1996. o o o o
Cheval Coelacanth Manta ray - cp Tiger
TIGER
by Issei Yoshino
(JAPAN)
©1995
~j
~
Complex 10" paper makes a 4" model.
~~~ ~
Startcotoredsideup.
1----+--Lr----l
1.
3.
2.
rzu ~\'( "<>
/!
.
~
. .
·
J
··..
5. Opt::u and squash.
4.
~···,······ · . .. 6.
~~~~
~~~~~
7. Open and squash.
8.
10.
9.
Repeat step 5 · 8 on th is side.
~ '~ "~"'" and bring hack 10 step 1 1.
16. Push up the central point and close outside edges to the center.
15. Push and flatten top
by second creases.
17. Result of step 16.
18. Inside reverse
thoroughly.
19. Open softly to see
inside.
~ ~ 20. Pull out the inside comers. After you finish this step, model keepes three dimensional curve. (Refer next dialgram.)
23. Down the marked(e ) corners and pull out th·e inside comers.
21 . Inside reverse
thoroughly on the remaining four corner.
24. At last. down the
central corner and pull out the inside corners.
25.
22. Down the marked(• ) cornt>rs and puU out the !nslde corners.
26. Make a crease on l / 3 from top.
27. Open squash lhe top by c- r~se fro m 26.
28. Fold In half.
31. Pull up the 30.
33. Turn inside out the hidden corner.
second layer to stretch the pleats.
29.
32. Pull up the layer from edge.
34. Pull up the next layer
from edge.
35. Turn inside out the
hidden corner.
36.
37. Repeat 3 1 · 35 on the left.
40. Move upper
rtght layer to the left.
38.
fold in half the corners a nd close the opened layer.
42. F'old lnsidt".
4 4. Repeat 40 - 43 on the left.
F'old lnside the bottom of top layer.
+1t
50. Fold inside lhe top edge.
48.
52. Fold lhc remaining edge.
49.
51 . Fold Inside lhe both t-dges.
() 53.
55. Crtmp from maked (0 ) corners.
58. Up the both flaps along the edge of upper layers.
61 . Pull out the inside layers .
56. Outside reverse from marked 10 1 corners to across the marked 1• 1 comers and edge.
59. Inside reverse along the edge of upper layer.
62. Down the flaps along CE-ntral edge ,
57 Outside reverse In half.
60. Inside reverse again .
63. Op<>n a nd squash. H<·pt'l::ll behincl.
66. Open and squash across the 64 . Make a crease tightly.
6 5. Closed sink.
marked
(e )
half point.
Repeat behind .
67. Pleat the marked (e · point into ..A" • Repeat behin:.OCket
68.
~old
the bottom of belly epeat behind. ·
69. rnsede reverse to conta marked !OJ point. ct Repeat behind.
~~'
~. '~·-···
front leg. Repeate behind You can controli the angle of body by changing this angle .
~ 72. Out side reverse to make a fee t Repeate behind.
71 .
~I
ddJ
74. Make a toe whilr " tf'p 74 · 76
73.
76.
75.
!·«-peat«· b<·h.lnd .
78. Out side reverse to ~arrow the front leg epeate behind. ·
79. Up the opposite flaps into Inside. Repeate on behind leg.
83 .
82.
85. Open and see from below.
84.
.86. Fold in half the marked corners. These corners become lower tusks .
89. Fold Inside the edge. Repeate behind.
81 . Make a toe while stepBl-83. Repeate behind.
80.
87. Close and see
90. Inside reverse to make upper tusks.
from side.
91.. Pull the corners of
tusk short distance.
86. Crtmp
92. Up the corners of tusk.
94. Sharp
95 .
a tusk.
96 . Inside reverse.
Repeate behind.
97 · Make a
98 .
Repeatf" behmd .
99. Stand
a ear.
pan of eye.
100. Stand a opposite ear.
103. Fold inside the edge.
101 . Pull out a upper layer.
10-2. Crimp the top corner. It will be three-dimen sional.
104. Repeate behind s1ep 101 • 103.
1OS. See from left side.
106. Push the rear of head and crimp the under of neck to make three-dimensional.
Caution: Here is easy to wear out!
108. Push the top of central edge.
112. Flatten the top of head .
111 . Pu ll u p the upJX r mouth .
114. Curve the beard(?). Repeate behind.
109. Push up the central corner.
115.
107. See from front.
110.
113. Shape the eyes.
Dinosaurios El diagrama del "Brontosaurus" (a l mismo modelo se lo denomina "Apatosaurus" cuando se lo incluye en el "Issei Super Complex Origami") es del Origami Tanteidan Magazine N° 1 de 1990. Los diagramas del "Baby Tyrannosawus" y del "Tyrarmosaurus" son del Libro de diagramas de la 2da. Convención Origami Tanteidan de 1996.
• Brontosaurus • Baby Tyrannosaums • Tyrarmosaums
Esqueleto de Tyrannosaurus rex Publicado con los textos en inglés en Canadá en 1993 por Origami Maple. También fue publicado en el mismo año en japonés por Origami House. Este modelo fue diseñado por Issei Yoshino para ser plegado a partir de 21 cuadrados iguales de papel. A continuación de los diagramas e instrucciones se incluye una secuencia de imágenes del montaje del "Esqueleto de Tyram1osaurus rex" en el OrigaMJT en Abril de 2011 , y un articulo de Jason Ku sobre el plegado y montaje del esqueleto del "Triceratops" también en el OrigaMJT en Diciembre de 20 1O.
Designed & diagrammed by Issei Yoshino
Out of21 equally sized square sheets of paper.
Origami Skeleton of Tyrannosaurus rex
Origami Maple, Toronto 1992
Tyrannos aurus rex
Origami Skeleton of
Designed & diagrammed by Issei Yoshino
Table of contents Chapter 1: Introduction
page I page 2 page 2 page 3 page4
Chapter 2 : Head
page 7 page 8 page 13 page 18
Chapter 3 : Neck & Arms
page 19 page 20 page 23
Chapter 4 : Ribs
page 27 page 28 page 30 page 34 page 38 page 41
J.l About !he design 1.2 About the designer 1.3 Structure : Five sections I .4 Pa rt~ of each section
2.1 Upper Jaw 2.2 Lower Jaw 2.3 Assembly : Upper Jaw & Lower Jaw 3. 1 Neck 3.2 Arms
Ribs J Ribs 2 and Ribs 3 Ribs 4 and Ribs 5 Ribs 6 4.5 Assembly of Ribs 1-6
4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4
5. 1 Hip Bone
page 43 page 44
5.2 Thigh Bones 5.3 Shank & Foot
page 51
Chapter 5 : Hip & Legs
page48
5.4 Assembly of Hip Bone,
Thigh Bones, and Shank & Foot
page 54
6. 1 Tail Bones I - 4
page 55 page 56
6.2 Tail Bones 5 6.3 Assembly of Tail Bones
page 62 page 65
Chapter 6 : Tail
page 66
About the creature Chapter 7 : Assembly
page 67
Origa.mi Skeleton ofTyrannosamus rex Published l'ly Orig:.mi :\b.plc 469 Rum:\:~\·al li: ~Aw nu: ~OS Turun:tu. Ou t::r.oC'-:t~l:ni3 M6R 2~4 rin.l publhh:t.l : S~·i'lcmhcr I X. 19112 TI'.C ! C.O:nnd .:Liilion
r ubli~h~l!:
M:srt'h 20. 1993
PrimcdinC.ln:n,L:I
0..'l'ign.:d & di;'lsr.mmu.:d by b,c i YO£.hlnu Ttuns l ;~tcd ,~ cd il'-x! hy ntshi Aup~i AssiSt:tl\1 Edi to r~: Clair~ Ut >.h~ k. St.:Yc Ma.!I"-"SOO
Anicles writlen b\' Stc\-c M:~tln:st>:t
lllv.c lr~:inn o r Mr."Ytle!hir.o by Yoslti hi)3 Ki1llui'J
Chapter 1 Introduction
2
1 Introduction
1.1 About the design This design rcttuire.;; '21 equally sized sq uares of pr~pcr. II is n:commended to u~ paper ~tpproximutcly fl inches square. Using paper any sm:tllcr th:an (l inehes squal'e ini t i ~llly fnltling the mode l may cause some difficu lty. The dc:.- igner recommends wctfoh.lin!.~ (1lnmpening the paper and folding it \Vhilc wcl) ami to this end it is
when
:1dvis~1blc to usc a durable paper to prevent :.my ripping ~md tcnring , such :lS handmade
J;tp:mcsc paper (washi).
"Origami Skch.:ton of Tyrannosaurus rex'' is a very ;tdv:mccd design :lnd some ex perience wilh folding c.:omplex models \Viii be of assistance. Even for the cxpcricnccd folder there me n number (lr intel'estillg surprises and unknown maneuvers that should prove challenging. The. notation used here is based on the wcJI known Yo shiz:l\va ~R: mdlc u .sy~acm and as the l>ook has been designed primarily rurr ad\':tnci!d folders no explan:nivn or the folding sy mbols is includcd."Orig:m1i Skclclt.>n M Tyr:mnosa uro.s rc~t" wu~ dcsig,ted in J9S9 for the Origami Dinosaur Exhibition ut Gallery Origami House. Tokyo. The diagrams were origin;~lly dmwn on ;t Macinto~h LC using Aldus Frcch:uul 2.0J and llrst appeared in serial form in Tlte Origami 7i.mtehlrm (L>ctccti vcs) News in the Februat· ~, to Dl!cember 1991 issues. This book is the first English vcr.5ion of the design and Ml'. Yoshino's international dcbul.
1.2 About the designer, Issei Yoshino Issei Yoshino Wimts tu t <.~kt: the art of origami design to it s litni t and beyond. 1ll0ugh no t yet 30 yciJr.': of age he ha.;; already gained considerable notorie ty for his innovath·e designs. in p:irtkular his dinosaur skeletons. Mr. Yoshino w;.1 · born in Kawaguchi . a city 11011h of Tokyo, on August 3rd, 196:1. Ora.dunting from Kuwctg uchi Tedmical High School he began studies in ~In otcronuutic.:ul inslitutc with the inlcntion of becoming an aeronautical engi neer. Although he subsequ ently dccidcd to pu ~ ue a career in computers. aircraft continue to hold om interest for Yoshino aml he ha.'> des igned mnny spectacuh1r orig_:tmi jc1 fi~hl cr:t>. When he wn!> fifteen Yoshino liNa began to design original origami nmdcls. Hi .. firsl design wns an c:1gle in night. Un like some contemporary designers who cm·c iUJiy plot out crcnsc pitttcms bdore actuall y foJdin g. Mr. Yoshino works ;.1hnost exclusively with the paper ;tlonc uutil the design is. comp lete. He begins with a strong im;.tgc of the tinishcd nu)tlcl and then proceeds to fold section s of the desig n (for example. the head and mrme o f a horse). Eventually the different folding sequences for the \'arious pans nll come together. Naturally. working in this manner. finished designs only cvohre otflcr considerable time and efiOn. a fini shed model taking JS much as'' year to complclc. "Origami Skeleton of Ty rannosa m11s rex" began with simply the crc:tlurc's skull. Dis.'iatisfied with the desig n Yoshino reali:r,ctllo accomplish what he really wanted to do. crcutc " Full skeleton. would require a number of sheets of pHpcr. 1\·lr. Yoshino is one of 1he roundit)g mcmb~rs of the Orignmi Dctccti\'cs. a group of young origami designers. formed in 1989. He is also oue or the pioneer designers in Japan to begin u:'iing COrHf>UleJ-::; to diagram origami nnx lcl s. t\·lr. Yoshi110's fHhcr interests incl ude nnmuhon jos.ging. lie is currently employed by Digil:ll Service Corp. in Tokyo.
3
1.3 Structure : Five sections
I Structure I
IHead I:two uut or . pu:ce:; ol pilpr.:r
'fhc mode l is constructed
fron"' these five sections. Enclt section is folded out or severn! pieces of pnper. The foHowi ng diagrams
wil l i!JusU'ate th e folding s.equcm:c according to these sectiOilS.
INeck & Arms I:out of
four pieces of pa(x::r
IHip & Legs I:out of
four pieces of poper
4
1.4 Parts of each section
I Parts of Head I Heud is const.-ucted by two parts: Upper Jaw and Lower Jaw.
ILower Jaw I
IParts of Neck & Arms I Neck is o ut of two
s h eet~.;,
but they wi ll he COJnbi ned in the midd le Of the folding sequence. Rigln Ann and Len Arnt are S)'n\U le tric.a.J.
I Parts of Ribs I The section of Ribs is constructed fn)m six sheets of p~pcr. With the c;xccption of Ribs 6 the foldirtg ~qucnc.;~s ~Ire all the same.
but Ihe c·dgc• of the papers ore folded in to nHtkc the ribs shorte1· and shorter towurdlio the tail.
Ribs 2 and Ribs 3 ore identical.
Ribs 4 and Ribs 5 are the setme except lOt· the fini shing.
The rolding sequence
oi'Ribs6 is
Co1nplelcly
6
IParts of Hip & Legs I I HipBone!
I Parts of Tail I Tail Bones I to 4 arc basically the except the top of T:Jil Rt) IH!S I nnd Tai l Bones 5 is c..liffel'c!IH.
s ~ mc
ITail Bones 1 I
~ ~ ITail Bones 2 I
ITail Bones 11 I
~ I Tail Bones 4 I
~
7
Chapter 2 Head
2 Head 2.1 UpperJaw D
u
S prea d ~ s ink .
Stmt w ith the FJ'OS Base.
using the creases
Stretch the top la>'N.
from D .
D
Step D in pi'Ogress. RcpcatDtOU on th e.:. left.
l'ull out the hidden sheets.
9
. Spilt the tl!. httmg two 1~ pomts, .I)'Cr.). Use th... ~:::
!\•fake creases Note the Ja nd~mrks.
creases from
ru
Stcp m com pleted.
Fold the po· I llll thinnin'g Lie layer. topdown. [9
-IW\
w~~
Crc:>sc the tOp I·ayeronly.
10
Close 1hc edges. fol lowing 1h.:: exislinu cn.:nscs.
Rcpe"t m to En on the left.
Step El!l c(nnplclcd.
Close.
Make lhe hldden laye1·s thi11ner.
11
fold along lhccdgcs from B . Note the lnndmarks.
Fold up. Note lhc
lmulm ~1rks.
Fold dowft, using the exisling cre~se.
...,
. ~·
12
m
Inside reverse.
Swi ng the poi nt s inwnrd ~.
Tuck the top under the layer. Repent behind.
Make the top of the nose
three dimensional.
Fold the cxc ~: ss pupcr in5;itie.
13
2.2 LowerJaw 0
~ 0
~~ ..
.· / >
...
....... . j:
14
easc~i\ shown. in ha.l f, F'old fol h.n\•ing thecr .
Swivc_llike ~ilftcult this time but it •s mo.re dJcre is no pre-crease. because
Omside rc\'erse.
15
Fold up
the o:. ink·trian"u ~ l·\l T Iaycr ·· mg the sh·1 J •
Repeal bchi~d.' owed part.
Swi\'cl. Rc::pcat behiud.
Open to look model
;~t 1he
trom the bottol1l.
16
· fi1rmly. Mnkc cn:ases
;~ ' Make the points th mner.
Plc:u both
~~ the \'alley roJ~ from ED I.hc mou ntain c s.
!D
hl l lhc
~ should lnmlmark~~:~~c the next step. n tn
the Ia nd marks again, Check then du$(!.
lr.l s i~e
reverse
to tude the c I of the back. o our
17
Lower Jaw completed.
m .
I to s:harpen the corne r ~. These creases req uire
!;lrong pressuJ-e.
Fold the edge inwards.
Repeal behind.
18
2.3 Assembly of Upper Jaw and Lower Jaw
OuL;;ide rc\·crsc.
Round the
Head complet e~ .
r~rrowcd
parts.
19
Chapter 3 Neck&Arms
20
3 3.1 Neck
I I~
D .
II .
. . . .
-
l\.·lal
m ~S.C
the third
CfC' ISC
rom the top.
'
ID Fold the to P,$·h_eet .m:.ade . • usutj) tl .::>
tc C:< lstmg creases.
01 1
10
, .
\Vr.lp the model Wtth another gnd.
I I
-~
Close the model fokhn(t tlh! to ·
Usc
tl~ cxisti~~~~!~:~~ards.
Plcut.
21
Pull
OUt
poim /&
Repeat belund.
Rcpcat iD behind.
Fold eac h plate in half. Rotate the
thrc~. Pl~~e~~ints.
c.enterin!? the cru~ net~ valley c.•-eased
Ja:e~ o noumain folded. Every tlurd m1h ge ls '
ID
and the fo
m
m
.. ~. '
···.::j.:: -·
Fold in hal f, cri mping.
4 Plc.;tls.
. . ns
NOIC lh cjr [>OSIIJO
.
ti..._
"~1 ~
22
Dm~ Pull out point @. Rcpeot behind.
·..
Pull out poi nt 1:1. - ~ -. -· RCJ"''" behind.
Pull out point 8:. Rcpeot behind .
Pull out point tl. RcJie;:u behind .
Open
the cup two layers.
3.2 Arms
23
4-
M'rk_c a t.:r~:l~e Fold behind the layers.
0
\]
10 diYide 1he angle shown in half.
~· l/~ 0 ~
~ ~£~
24
ID
M ake tile two lundm:lrks mc::t,
using the crease frum
a.
Inside ru\'crsc to el irninmc the part
c:u:ccding the centre line.
25
~~
~ q_~
lnsldc h rc vc~~ from ID
using t cc . ns a ,guide hne
fD~ /)
--v
!D ~ -t~_, Pull out
·h00 15
the trapped '
m~ '· '·
~~r.
M!ikc the pom '
Inside rcvcn:~s along thccdg
Double rabbiI car.
.
·
26
Fo ld away along the edge.
Make the left ann. rever.~ing all maneuvers symmetrically. IL is a !iHie difticult.
Arms completed. Ribs with arms wi11 get Cllrvcs later when 1hey are assembled.
The right :lnn completed.
27
Chapter 4 Ribs
28
4 Ribs
4.1 Ribs 1
~ ~·
'I'IAT!fr'
<3jrz [j
Sturl with
~C~I ~
the llird lla.
liF
Fold the point behind.
0
I
I
Squash.
29
0~ [7q: Pulllhe lop l oycl~ up
as ll O~S J b c. ns f:tr.tng 1. •~ ~·ight end. pinch
1
p~
Turn the point ins ide-out.
ID cornple1ed.
The lop layers are not shown. Inside revers_~· No landmarks.
rtt -IB complc1cd.
f]
. Hs
thinner.
Make the pou gles shown dh•iding the an
ill half.
"
4.2 Ribs 2 and Ribs 3
•
~ ~ ~ ~ ,. ?® \x/ 0
D
.
~ . · · · ·/~\_
i
,(;'
/
li
..
!:)
.
Put the two en-de<.I po ints IO£Cthcr.
Po
o
m ~.!. <.~ 0.
~
f
/,
·······:;: : .. /
Make c rea.~es .
,
:
...
~
31
m
i
Fold hmh ,, . half. . nps
II\
Pull OUI Plull oul l lccomcrs .
~~~~lr.allplepedlops.hect
RoJI the tri anQ.I .
away from
yOu~
m
Slep 0 complclcd .
~
Repeal m 10 . on the right . m
SquO\sh.
32
~~ Squash.
r.
Lift up th~Jlij~':fa:~~r~omc Jlinching
~
m~
Fold down.
Pull the IOJ> J ~ycr up r. , ., [)OSStb(c, ght c:nd. a11 •ar •'· pinching •ts n 7
•
Fold in half.
•
•
33
!\•1:tkc the pt)int s thi nner. dividing tile ans les shown in h:lif.
/
ln ~ i de
reverse.
Note the lum.hnnrk.
m
Ribs 2 and Ribs 3 C<)rnplcted.
Turn inside-out.
Make two the s:tmc.
Step !iJcomplcted.
34
D
35
m
~,
Pull out
Pull out
the corner.;.
the traJli>Cd sheet
Fold both strips in holf.
ftnm the top.
Squash.
Step D completed.
Repr.:al ELl lO ([) on thr.:. right.
36
~ J'
L.ift up the to
layer.corner. pmchin(•" its. ouom
~
Pull the to 1
a~ rttr as p~ss~bcr up pmchins
it~ ri ~ hie.t end.
37
Rihs 4
Ribs 5 will be combined with Ribs 6 Iuter in the folding sequence.
Ribs 4 and Ribs 5 completed.
Tum inside-out.
38
4.4 Ribs 6
118
Make crease:;.
Add one more. crease.
ascs. Assemb le, using the pre-ere. "
~ ~... ~ ~ ,
Step D comp
39
~
~ ~
------r~ v ln progress.
Close back ,
smking the tri:trlgle.
Completed.
Rcpt:ill IB to on tht.:. righL
tD
~~
§§ m
<>
/. uu liD IB
.
. II
!
Repeat D tom
on tltcright.
40
~
~~ ,.-:· ~ .
~
Fold the lOp layers on I)'.
~
~
l\·lakc the point thinner,
sprc:1d-sinking the corner beside the ccn1 rc line.
Repeat
m on the righc
Pleat. Use the existing cn:ases Fold in half.
as ~ .
Be. carcfuli}Q{ to rip 1he pleated pan.
Ribs 6
lnside reverse. Th is tends to rip. lOt).
completed for llOW. but willl:c combined wilh Ribs 5 soon.
41
4.5 Assembly of Ribs 1 - 6
~
Outside reverse
. tu m(lke Lhe hook
~'" "'' ,.,.
0
Goi ng into Ribs 4.
Ou ~ tomofRib:)6again. kt.:cping two p:1rts tog.e thet.
42
0
I Ribs 1 I I Ribs 2 I I Ribs 3 I
As in D m;sc.:mblc the: rcm
Give a nice curve ro e:ich rib.
Ribs co mple1ed.
43
Chapter 5 Hip & Legs
44
Q v ~,. .,
5 Hip & Legs jt5.1 HipBone
~ 1 ./
J)
f
Bring the top.
to the crcnsc lrom
\J/
0 .
m !!
Crease two !ihcets
on cnch side.
tlckim: the lip
i~to th'C pocket
F ld down.
k.
N~tc the hmdrnur
s.
45
,,,,.,
~
Swing the 10 · the right p pomt hy folding 't 1 ami by clo;i~·.. "ycr _in llillf the let\ I "bac k to
m
'""'" "
w\V .
·~'"""",;" "
.
-
Insidt:· rcvcrs to nllrrQw th e 0 ~ bolh sides e poml.
"B
Repeat a tom.
m
\ld
~ Pull out
the trilppcd sheets.
Note the landmarks.
46
m
Fold back wi th
m
I l'oldinthecomcrs.
~ ..
---= ---
I
~
F -. 't
/
m
Open the lOJl
J)3t1 .
~l a ue ning .out
00·
Close.
47
,....
Pullout the trapped p11per. Repeat behind. Fold
lh~:
inside.
edges
Mnkc it thinner again.
Hip llone completed.
in prepanuion l'or the pleat in tlle nex t seep.
Plem to place
the circled point on the valley line.
-
48
5.2 Thigh Bones
A
0. 0
0
~~~/·· ..
Fold in hulL
~Flatten. 0
Pleat. Note the hmdmurki!i.
49
~ ~
~ (_}
. tend I he existing crc:\scs. Ex
=~~
Outside-.eve~t . . di,· i~lil.l£ the ang k:
in haiL
.
Fo ld in hall.
50
B~ II , Swing one thi gh ro the back by plcotins.
Sink.
t1
Thigh Bone con1plctcd.
Repcatm to m on the other thigh.
l\•1ilke the left point lhinncr
by pushing in th~ corner. Repeat behind. Thi < part will hook
on the Hip Bone. Pull out the trapped pnpcrs.
52
~
~
~ ~ '"''......,. ~ ~··"·~·· :. .:·
c, imp.the ex istm"~ creases. usmg
./...JA
~
m ·~~ ~
~ l llhocornc•~of
:$ .
--
__
C lose.
FO(.
Slr
.
.
""'"'"
· · lul
the duml~~t "long lhc T() l)t layers.
~~ Fold in hoi f.
Otllsidc rcvt!rse.
~> O••lside. revc~e agnln.
53
d; li
Crimp.
~~ftsc :md lc:tvc it • ·opened
to spread I he toc.s.
cl rimp 10 cn:.ate ~· 1C JlUTI
going
nno Thigh 13oncs.
Fold the cor msidc. ncrs
Shank l\·lakc o& Foot completed ne more tlle same:
~:1kc U C~\Se t
o tc the l andl~larks.
Inside revc n;c , . l:l!) h. iT as possible.
54
,-~. , 5.4 Assembly of Hip Bone, Thigh Bones, and Shank & Foot ~
ITirigh Bones I
Hip & Legs completed.
lnscn ew.:h top of Shank & f'
Bone.~.
nnd will t\U}U ire some glue.
55
Chapter 6 Tail
56
6 Tail 6.1 Tail Bones 1 - 4
AI ~·· · · · · To lhc centre.
Make creases.
Divide the distance between the two creases of 0 by 16.
57
i i I : ! i ...·-::T --;-:;;\., ·-+·· ··../+····K······r-· I : ·v · I r- · ~ ·--y .. ··! I
:
:
I
Fo ld the paper in half and sin k the middle p;trt, u$ing the creases shown.
D
Pleat
"~:m<':~s . "'-~,~~ <.- ~ki~·:·lm·l-.·l:~:-~~-/ : 1-1 1--1-
V:tJicy creases.
'\
/
fL .·.l,*··':-_u "-+-I II
Makccr·eases ol d1amond shapes. Mountains and valleys a1~ aht:n1med.
58 ( Repcllt Ill to tB wi th the second £" P· )
('/ ID
rr.";,...- -.,.
~
Open up to unfold the pleat on the left.
Fold the front l:,ycr up .
•
Rei1lforce (he creases.
Fold in half. sinking the middle pnrt.
te
~ Unfold the pleat on lh c ri,ght us wel l.
Fold in hulf, si11king the rniddle purt , uguin.
59
Pi11ch the other tube us we ll. See the model
.8
from nbo"e ag:tin.
l. ay down the stand ing laye r.
Ple.m the stnnding 1nycr.
pinching the tuhcs ti·om front and back now.
Three insidc-rcvcn)c-folds.
Fo ld in.
Sec the model from the side.
60
Repeat
m to B:J . Tum 1hc l:•ycrs insidc·oul
in only 3 spots.
Sink. creating
a diamond shape in the pocket.
m
Repeat behind.
~7\
v
Swi\'CI· I'old. Repeat behind.
Pull out the hidden layers.
61
~
~ m
Close.
ltcmmcly .<\ the Quter layers tuck inside each other.
~ 1I - ~ •..•
•..
···
Pull the top layer-s; down horizont:1lly.
Make 4 of chc :;ume.
•·
62
6.2 T ai"I Bone 5
63
Fold up.
Swi\·d boah sit!c:': . No1e the Ji.J.Iltlmark.
Si11k with a diamond $ihape
m ;~ -. .__ ·- ·- I &(:\
Fold in.
64
fold up the top layers h ori~o ntull y.
Then look ott the model frn111 the bottom.
Swi\•el 3 pans to the back 3Jld one to the front. Tot il Bone 5 complctetl.
Fold dO\"'" chc top layer~ hori lOntall >•-
. •m ~
<
~~
Lock the model. folding it in half.
Inside reverse .
- --
Pu ll out thc hiddc nluycr.;.
65
6.3 Assem bly of Tail Bones 0
Open the end -6-anul ook at d1c model from the bouom.
Pleat.
•
...
Sink 1hc end
in a tli;unond shape.
Close the model in half.
r
Co1uplcted.
Inside reverse. Fold in.
66
Tyrannosaurus rex Pcrhnp.:; the mo!it f:tmiliar of all c.Jinosaun>, Tyrmma:wurus
rt?X
was one of the
lin<~ I
mc:H eating canlO!iaurs to develop in lh t! lmc Cretaceous period, some 65 million yc:lrs ago. Tyrumro.murus re presented in m uny ways the pinnacle o f development in din()Siau r
prcdmors. The huge hc"d, powerful m:ck ~ 11d jaws. and gigantic teeth of Tymmwsaums rcprescmed more killing force und raw predatory pmvcr than w;:ts possessed by rmy of his pn!deressors. Forward faci ng eye sockets a llowed for stereoscop ic ,·ision whi ch was
not pos...:; ibl e for early prcd;nors whose eyes faced sideways. This wo uld lm"e allowed TynJmJosaurllS to more accunucly appr.lise hi s opponent's movements and the liming of
his nwn allilCk .
1)·rmJml.wmru.o; walked on its hind legs ::md stou(l ubout I X feet ta ll. It has been suggested by some researchers that 1'y rmm o.wwruJ may have walked wi th a more horizont;tl postun: tho:m has been traditiona ll y thought und some, fossil 1'eeords showing 1)1rtumo.w uru.\· n:..: tracks wilhout the appcm(>rox inuuety 30 inches long which may l1a.ve been used to prevent slipping forw:ml when it arose from a restin g position . It was recently disco\'crcd thm :1 signiticant skeletal feature of 1):ramrosarm's is the p•esence of o nly the first two fingers on c~tch ha nt..l . Thi s distinction ha.t-0 proved useful in distin guishing between skclct:tl rema in s or Tyrtumo:wuru.s and some t)f its s imilar rclari ves which have ~m :ulditiQn:d bone: (the third metacarpal} not prcst.:nl in Ty ramw.wmrus. A ll hough often characterized as t1 slow moving, lu mhe l'ing creature who stal ked mthcr tlmn pur:-;u~d il s pre)', some recent theories postula te that 1)numosaurus was instead ~~ gTi.lccrul a1ld ~ l e nder limbed g iant , cnpablc or swift thrusts. fei nts and darting movements which wou ld have made it a successful hunter against s lowe r but more heavily ~nnoun.:d o1>poncnts like Tricemtops or Aukyloscmnts. Howeve r.
spcclls.
1)'ramw.stmm.-. finds have been almost exc lusive ly in North America (with the exception of a .somewhat questionable find in As i:t}. Loc:uion!> whc.l'e Tymmro!umrus
skeletons h!l\'c been found include Montana. Wyoming und South Dnkotn in tile Uni ted States, a nd Albcrl:l nnd Saskatc hewan in Canada. Two c1lntOSl complete skele tons were found in 1990. one in South Dakota and the ot her in ~1ontann. In fo rmation from research on these two finds is. unrt.\'ailablc to date buc h is hoped that they wiiJ yield still more clues w help answer some of the m;my unanswered questio ns about 1)nmnosaurus. Although it may neve r be possible to answer all the questi ons with ccr1:Jinty thCI'e is no question that Tyrmmo.muru.f rex was a dramnt ic and ex traordinary c reature. Though the spec ies perished rtlong wi th others of its kind the "Tym ru Ki 1)g vr the Li1.ards" has earned un enduring place in the minds and inwginu tions of people cvcl)•w hcrc.
67
Chapter 7 Assembly
68
7 Assembly of the sections
D Combine He.ad a11d Neck, inserting, the bent top·s of Neck into the space between the hl)' C~ at
Combine Ribs and Neck. inscning the top of Ribs into the gap of Neck.
Combine Neck and Al'tnS by lucking the top of each arm
imo d1e pleat of Neck.
tho back of Head.
69
0 0
Open Hip Bone" liulc
to show 1hc inside.
Hook th e end of Ribs on the V-s l~:~p cd layc.r of J.lip Done.
Give u nice cur\'C 10 Tail. Insert the ptli nt of Hip Bone into Ti.lil.
70
0
rvtake a stantl and lix the model on it with glue. If mo1king a la1'ger scale model, wiring is necessaJ)• from Hcml to Tail. (Legs und Ribs ' \ rcquir<: wiring, too.)
~
n~
Only the pole under Heod m."Cds to be sharpened into n wedge.
Sus1>cnding pole
Round hole
i
! I
II
~
i
I
~
71
D If il is 100 difficuh l o mnke round
hol e.~
usc n:cwngular pi eces of wood and support 1hem \\.'ilh s•nolllri nngular hoards.
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,
e DRIIiR"IT ~. . , . , Issei Yoshino T-Rex
Ske~eton
The Design f'•'''"""-''
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The Model ''' 1\,>ld th" ""'11"1 1,:\rou<~'l.lll ,~urdl.hl'\i ,.,.. 'ld!Qf' t, II ' hXI!t ,,~n, hi".W\l\f'•<.tht "l.htnrH• madl" t'Ot!'f'• 1.."\jf h"l
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thf' n~o~-..lt'l Nl'\\ t>.1. h ••lu.m• h.k1 to.• llt' lo;>ldt•<1 '"'h,•ut Hllhll\j of11l1 11\1' Hlf11plt'\ l'>nt•\ ~ll lh" ,l.,f'lf'hl!l to lt\1 lhf' \.11\ 1'>!11! lob• ol t.ll tht"hop h.ltl..lr't!• tht' hl•UI ,\111\l l!,>tlhl"f'lf'
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Jlu\fllJ'\"h
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The Club Ouq,lMII Mil' OtUJt!nll club.'' tll111j111\t'd Ollht,_,. r!l\h(' Mll t\lll11ll\11111V 111\t'tt'•INI 111 tlW til\ nl,l th t•rlM\1~\. Arid •lrttlll' lll i<1ldr11q Wt• ! 1 ~ 1~ 1 Wpt~1111<.'1t' prMIU <' .111d \t'.t,h onq,unr \4,1\drnq .mtll'f\'~ ,md 111'"')11 Wt• holt! v.l'<'~l)· 11~'\lllQ' ,1nd \,uq,•r ('"("Ill\ thlllU(jll<\trl th(' l\1 1111 ,t\1 111 whrth ht•!•ly lljll'lllo !hi' qrt',tlt'l Mil ltlfll!11Uilrly Lnnll.' lt,h1Withu,r
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http ://orl.g&m.l.t .ac rJ.pta . nu.t . edu/
Montaje del esqueleto de Tyrannosaurus rex en el OrigaMIT (Abril de 2011)
Folding a Triceratops Skeleton by Jason Ku
Edited by Jason Ku
This will be the firs t in a series of articles brought to you by OrigalviiT, lviiT's origami club. We represent those in the MIT community interested in the art, mathematics, and science of folding. We hold weekly meetings and larger events throughout the term, all of which are freely open to the greater MIT community. This fall, we decided to take on the ambitious project of folding a large scale origami triceratops skeleton.
The Design This extremely complex origami model was designed by origami Master Issei Yoshino. One of the most talented origami designers of his generation, Yoshino passed away at a very young age, yet his influence lives on in his timeless models. This model of a Triceratops skeleton is the second of two dinosaur skeletons that Yoshino published, the first being that of aT -Rex. Unfortunately, both models are now out of print, but might be republished if there is sufficient demand. Also, some websites like Amazon sell used products and sometimes carry copies of these books. Many models in origami are designed to be folded from a single uncut square. However, while any simply connected polygonal shape can in theory be created from some uncut square, this restriction is often impractical from a physical standpoint due to obtainable paper sizes and thicknesses. This model was designed to be folded from 19 identical uncut squares.
The Paper To fold this model, OrigaMIT needed to purchase some very large paper. A fully lifesize triceratops skeleton would stand about 10ft. tall and over 25ft. long. To make this model at that scale would have required folding from 10 ft . squares. While not impossible, finding such materials is relatively prohibitive . We instead settled on making a half sized model ; a baby if you will. We bought a large 5 ft. x 100ft. roll of heavyweight machine-made paper. This size paper can easily purchased by the roll from amazon, though shipping can be considerable. Our first task was to chop this roll into the 19 squares required for the model .
Folding Next, each square had to be folded without cutting into the complex bones of this skeleton: three squares for the head and neck, four for the front legs, five for the ribcage, four for the hind legs and three for the tail. Folding such large paper is no easy task and requires a team of folders to accomplish. Many thanks to all the members of OrigalY.IIT who helped in this extensive folding process! You can find a full list of contributors to this project at the end of this article. The final size of this -1 :2 model from 5 ft. squares produced a model around 12ft. long and about 5 ft. high.
Assembly This model was originally designed to be assembled using only folding, but due to the shear size of this reproduction, the paper was not strong enough to hold itself in place under its own weight, so we used a wooden frame and wire to help our triceratops keep its shape. The wood frame is made from pine 1"x2" beams bought in bulk from the Home Depot joined together using wood screws, then spray-painted black. We ran 12gauge wire through the legs, ribs, and horns to maintain their shape.
Exhibit This model took a month to produce. When we were finished, we exhibited it in the MIT Stata Center for one week from Dec. 12th-19th. Here is a picture of the final model with the officers of Origa:MIT for scale. Pictured from left to right are Michelle Fung (Event Coordinator/Publicity Chair, MIT '13), Annie Huang (freasurer, MIT '12), Jason Ku (President/Historian, :MIT '09), and Yanping Olen (Librarian/Webmaster, :MIT '13).
Additionally, the triceratops was particularly aggressive, having not eaten in months. It managed t o get past our defenses and attack both myself and our faculty advisor Prof. Erik Demaine. Luckily no one was seriously injured in the scum e.. .
Folders: Yanping Chen, Elsa Chen, Michelle Fung. Annie Huang, Jason Ku, Pete Paterson, Yukiko Shimizu, Mark Tompkins Assemblers: Yanping Chen, Erik Demaine, Martin Demaine, Annie Huang, Jason Ku, Tom ohiro T achi
