Succeed in Cambridge English Advanced - 10 Prac

CAE-WRITING SUPPL-2015-p1-13 12/2/2014 9:33 πμ Page 1

Advanced

10

CAE

Practice Tests

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Audioscripts & Key Writing Supplement including sample responses with examiner comments Detailed JUSTIFICATION of the Answers for all key parts of each practice test

SELF-STUDY GUIDE NEW 2015 F ormat


WRITING SUPPLEMENT Sample Responses for the Writing sections written by CAE candidates followed by detailed justification of the marks awarded. FREE DOWNLOADS: You can download All the Sample Answers for All the Writing tasks for Practice Tests 1-10 from our website: www.globalelt.co.uk/Cambridge-exams-CAE.html

Assessment scales

The scales which are used for marking the answers to the Writing questions consist of the following four subscales:

1. Content: Candidates are assessed based on how well they have fulfilled the task, and whether they have addressed all the content points stated in the questions. 2. Communicative Achievement: It focuses on the appropriateness of register and format for the task. Candidates are expected to show command of the conventions of the communicative task and communicate their ideas in an effective and convincing way, holding the target reader’s attention and fulfilling all communicative purposes. 3. Organisation: Information and ideas should be adequately organised with the correct use of cohesive devices. 4. Language: It focuses on the range of structures and vocabulary and how accurately they are used. Candidates’ responses are marked on each subscale from 0 to 5.

Guidelines on Length The number of words required for each writing task is 220-260 words and it is clearly stated in the questions. Answers which might be too short, usually, do not have an adequate range of language and do not include all the information that is required for the specific task. On the other hand, very long answers, very often, contain irrelevant information and may confuse the reader. In both cases, candidates’ marks on the relevant subscales are affected in a negative way. Spelling US and other versions of spelling are accepted if used consistently.

Paper 2 - Writing Part 1 - Essay The Part 1 question, which is the compulsory task, is always an Essay. Some notes on the topic, in the form of three bullet points, are provided and candidates are required to select two of the bullet points and write their essay. They should not refer to more than two of the points, as this will lead to the essay being less developed than required. Candidates should state which of the two points is more important and justify their opinions.

They will also be provided with three short opinions related to the bullet points to which they can refer in order to get information to help them develop their essay. Candidates should try and use their own words as far as possible and not copy from the texts given.

An Essay is usually written for an academic tutor or as a follow up of a discussion, panel discussion or a documentary etc. It should be well organised, with an introduction, clear paragraphs and final conclusion and should present an opinion giving reasons to support it. Candidates need to practise using different ways to express opinions and agree or disagree using formal language. Correct use of appropriate linking words, as well as opening and concluding paragraphs, is essential in essay writing.

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SAMPLE RESPONSES with Examiner comments TEST 2 - PART 1

QUESTION 1 - ESSAY

Sample Script A

MARK: 5

Everywhere we turn, nowadays we see charities beseeching the public for money. Whether in the many 'begging letters' that pop unsolicited though our mailboxes daily, or in the televised appeals for charities, headed by celebrities trying to tug at our heart-strings .... but the question is, which charities deserve to be funded and which should be given priority in government funding? Are sports and recreation charities more worthy a cause for example, than health charities? This is a major dilemma that is by no means a clear-cut issue. Let's take sports and recreation charities compared to health charities as a case in point. The former have a valid claim to government funding. Sport and recreation help reduce stress, and keep people fit, positive and healthy. In addition, sports and recreation centres also provide a community focal point, enriching the lives of many.

However, what good is recreation and sport if you are too unwell to participate? There is a much stronger argument, that health is a far greater priority than sport and recreation.

Furthermore, an increasingly aged population is becoming a heavy burden on healthcare, necessitating greater funding for charities as the prevalence of Alzheimer's and cancer increase proportionally with an ageing population. Many now are reliant on support from health charities. We have an obligation to fund these charities, in return. I believe that the funding of health charities is the greater priority. After all, what good are health and recreation centres if we don’t have enough hospitals for people who are suffering? Without doubt, government funding must be directed first and foremost to health charities.

Examiner comments: Subscale

Mark

Content

5

Communicative Achievement

Organisation

Language

5

5

4

Commentary

The essay clearly examines two of the points of debate, first setting out the general dilemma of government funding with regard to charities in the introduction, before proceeding to debate the relative merits of two given charities and the validity of their claim to government funding in the subsequent paragraphs. The reader is left in no doubt as to the writer's belief, as to which charity is the more deserving of government funding, due to the clear analysis of why health charities are the more deserving cause, in paragraphs 3 and 4, '.. what good is recreation and sport if you are too unwell to participate?' - (para 3) 'An increasingly aged population is becoming a heavy burden on healthcare,' (para 4), and the strong conclusion, voicing a personal opinion 'I believe that the funding of health charities is the greater priority.'

Although personal opinions are voiced, the register is appropriately formal throughout and the arguments for specific funding of certain charities are being presented in a neutral tone: e.g ‘This is a major dilemma that is by no means a clear-cut issue (paragraph 1)...’ 'There is a much stronger argument,..’ (paragraph 3). The use of rhetorical questions, also engages the reader, helping them follow the writer's line of argument: e.g '... but the question is, which charities deserve to be funded and which should be given priority in government funding? (paragraph 1). The writer's belief in health charities being more worthy of government funding, compared to sport and recreation charities, is clearly laid out in paragraph 3: '... what good is recreation and sport if you are too unwell to participate?' and paragraph 4: ‘... an increasingly aged population is becoming a heavy burden on healthcare, necessitating greater funding for charities,' and reinforced in the conclusion: 'I believe that the funding of health charities is the greater priority.' The essential dilemma of government funding of various charities is clearly stated in the introduction: '..the question is, which charities deserve to be funded and which should be given priority in government funding?' before proceeding to analyse the relative merits of two charities for government funding: 'Let's take sports and recreation charities compared to health charities as a case in point.' The merits of funding sport and recreation charities are then analysed in paragraph 2 before the writer launches into their opinion in the following paragraph as to why health charities are more deserving of funding, developing the argument in the subsequent paragraph. Arguments are clearly marked with signposts such as 'however.. furthermore..' guiding the reader through the writer's viewpoint. The conclusion clearly states the writer's opinion, 'I believe that the funding of health charities is the greater priority,' and proposes appropriate action, '. Without doubt, government funding must be directed first and foremost to health charities.

There is ample evidence throughout of a sophisticated level of vocabulary: e.g 'beseeching' and 'unsolicited' as well as in phrases used, e.g 'tug at our heart-strings'. The use of rhetorical questions to engage the reader shows an advanced command of language: e.g ' ... what good is recreation and sport if you are too unwell to participate?' (paragraph 3). Overall, the language is formal and neutral in tone, but the writer also offers their personal opinion 'I believe that ..' and uses informal devices, e. g. 'Let's take sports and recreation charities..', so the essay is lively and engaging.

3


TEST 2 - PART 1

QUESTION 1 - ESSAY

MARK: 3

Sample Response B

There are many charities around. Some are deserving more of government funding than other ones. This essay will discuss whether sport and recreation charities or health charities should to get the money.

In my opinion, there is no question that sport and recreation charities are of lesser important to health charities. There are many people who don't do sport, so it is stupid to be giving money to them-why be wasting money that must to be spent on more important causes?

On the other hand, everyone at some level in their lives is wanting healthcare. Few people spend thier lives without visiting to the hospital. What's more, as people get older they are needing more help from health charities, such as cancer charities and those concerned with ageing-related illnesses. You know, this is going to be more of a problem as the population gets older. This is why we need more money from the government being spend on health charities. So, in conclusion it can be seen that sports and recreation charities do not deserve to be given so much money as health charities. I think that it is not just unuseful; it is actualy wrong to be giving money to sport and recreation charities. I think you must to agree with me.


Mark

Content

3


3

Organisation

4

Language

3

Commentary

Whilst the government dilemma of which charities should be funded, is clearly set out in the introduction, as well as which charities will be addressed in the discussion, e.g. 'This essay will discuss whether sport and recreation charities or health charities should to get the money.', the writer fails to develop their argument as to why sport and recreation charities are of lesser importance than health charities. The author merely gives one reason why sport charities should not be funded but makes no reference to why recreation is not as important, compared to health. The conclusion voices a personal opinion 'I think that it is not just unuseful, it is actualy wrong to ...' as well as offering a general viewpoint on the issue: '... in conclusion it can be seen that sports and recreation charities do not deserve to be given so much money as health charities.' The introduction includes a clear definition of the essay topic and what is to be discussed, followed by a coherent development of ideas in paragraphs 2 and 3, debating respectively the relative worthiness of sport and recreation charities vs health charities. The essay allows the reader to easily follow the writer's train of thought, which is clearly summed up in the conclusion. The use of a rhetorical question: '... why be wasting money that must to be spent on more important causes?' (paragraph 2), actively engages the reader in the debate as does the writer's device of directly addressing the reader: 'You know, this is going to be more of a problem as the population gets older.' The register, is however, a bit too informal, here. The often, incorrect use of grammar, whilst not impeding understanding does not aid clarity. The essay is clearly organised into an introduction, raising the issue of government funding to charities and the dilemma it presents, as well as setting out the main issues to be discussed: 'This essay will discuss ..' The issue of whether sports and recreation charities should be funded is first addressed, but not fully developed, in paragraph 2, followed by an adequately developed discussion in the subsequent paragraph as to why health charities should be given the priority in government spending. A strongly-defined conclusion: 'So, in conclusion it can be seen ...' draws the essay together, as well as voicing the author's own opinion on the issue: 'I think that it is not just unuseful, it is actualy wrong to be giving money to sport and recreation charities.' There are frequent grammar mistakes throughout the essay, with the present continuous form being used instead of the present simple 'Some are deserving..' 'it is stupid to be giving' and the wrong constructions of modal forms,'should to get the money...'Money that must to be spent,' You must to agree,' as well as incorrect grammatical structures '..are of lesser importance to..'. Phrases are also misused, the phrase 'On the other hand' being used to draw the reader's attention to an opposing argument, without having first qualified it with the preceeding phrase, 'On the one hand..'. In addition there is quite a considerable number of misspelled words 'thier,' 'actualy,' and incorrect preposition use '... visiting to the hospital.'

4


TEST 2 - PART 1

QUESTION 1 - ESSAY

MARK: 2

Sample Response C

Sport and recreation charities and health charities are both too importance. So we have to be choosing one. The government must to decide and the problem is which, then?

So let's think about sports and recreation charities first. Well I'm doing a lot of sport and recreation and I reckon it's a good thing. But do you think the government should pay for these charities? OK, I'm doing a lot of sport but not everyone is like me. There's loads of people who think therefore that the government shouldn't spend money on this kind of charity. Let's now look at health charities, then. I think that these should be given lots of more money than sport and recreation charities. There are too many old folks today in the population so they are needing a lot of healthcare and so on. They are depending on health charities. I reckon this is going to get worst as the population is getting older. And that's another thing .. with so many older folks around whose going to want sports facilities so that's a waste also spending money on sport and recreation charities. Then there's the fact that everyone gets ill sometime-don't they? So people like you and me are going to be wanting to use facilities funded by health charities. There are loads of illnesses being caused by ageing so when we too get old we will need help. In conclusion, I belief that money should be spent on health charities. Sports and recreation just are not so important are they?


Mark

Content

3


Organisation

Language

2

2

1

Commentary

The content is relevant to the task but the writer’s ideas are not expressed in an organised way. The dilemma of government funding with regard to two of the given charities, is addressed in the introduction, although the overall dilemma of charity funding, is not. The discussion is then developed in the following paragraphs, referring first to sport and recreational charities in paragraph 2 and then developing an argument favouring the funding of health charities in the following 2 paragraphs. However, the validity of funding sport and recreation is only being briefly touched upon and then only with regard to sport and not recreation, in itself. Paragraph 4 abruptly reintroduces another argument against sport and recreation funding, repeating some of the ideas of the previous paragraph. The register is far too informal, the reader being frequently addressed directly by the writer: 'So let's think about ...' or 'do you think the government should ...'. There is also an overuse of informal phrases: 'O.K, ..not everyone is like me ...'. Opposing viewpoints are too informally introduced: 'Let's now look at ...' 'Then there's the fact that ...' rather than conventional devices such as: 'With regard to, ... moreover, furthermore..'. The conventions of essay writing are not used well and the arguments used are limited. The writer of the essay doesn’t manage to hold the target reader’s attention.

Despite the clear paragraphing, the essay is not well organised and coherent. The introduction clearly introduces the types of organisation that are to be discussed, with reference to government funding, however arguments are not clearly or logically developed, such as the writer's belief that sport and recreation charities are not as deserving of government funding as are health charities. The writer gives a personal example to illustrate this belief without clearly relating the issue to the general public: 'OK, I'm doing a lot of sport but not everyone is like me. There's loads of people who think therefore that the government shouldn't spend money on this kind of charity.' There is a frequent misuse of the present continuous tense throughout-the present continuous form being used in place of the present simple: 'So, we have to be choosing one..' 'I'm doing a lot of sport..' Vocabulary is extremely limited and simplistic; the writer referring to 'loads of people,' and 'old folks' instead of using more formal, advanced vocabulary such as 'the vast majority' or 'older people' respectively. Vocabulary and phrases are also incorrectly used, e.g 'lots of more money.' The major problem though, is the inappropriate use of an informal tone throughout, the writer frequently addressing the reader: 'So let's think about ..., Now, let's look at ...' as well as too often use of informal phrases e.g 'I reckon this...'.

5


TEST 1 - PART 2

QUESTION 3 - LETTER

MARK: 3

Sample Response A

Dear Sir or Madam,

I am writing in response to the advert I saw in the newspaper seeking for people to work as tour guides. I think I would make a very good tour guide and I wish to apply for the job.

There are a number of reasons that I think I would make an ideal employee for you. I am nineteen years old and have just completed my first year studying archaeology at the university. Although I did not grow up in this city, I really love it here and have enjoyed getting to know the city. Now, I know it like the back of my hand, but I still have the enthusiasm of a visitor. For this reason I think I would be very good at showing other visitors around. I have always been a sociable and like meeting and talking with people; for example when I started university I joined five different clubs! That was a bit much, so now I choose my three favourite which I’m still active with. I believe the highlight of our area is the history. It is a very great history and it is known extensively. There are very many archaeological sites, which are well known, for people to see and visit and understand. Not many cities have such an opportunity to educate visitors so much about the past. I appreciate your attention to my letter and I hope you will consider my application. If you need any more information please feel free to contact me. I hope to hear from you soon. Yours faithfully,

■ Register: Formal language. ■ Organisation: Clearly organised into paragraphs with appropriate linking devices. ■ Language: Language of description, explanation and comparison.

■ Content The LETTER must include the following information: • Age of the applicant. • Whether he/she has knowledge of the area (include a highlight of the area). • Applicant’s character, his/her interests and whether he/she gets on well with people.


Mark

Content

4


3

Organisation

3

Language

3

Commentary

All the points covered and expanded. The candidate has provided all the information required: ‘I am nineteen years old and have just completed my first year studying ... ‘ and ‘... the highlight of our area is the history.’ The ideas are presented in clear paragraphs in a logical manner. The target reader would be informed, and would consider the applicant.

The conventions of an application letter writing are used well. The register is formal, but some expressions could have been expressed in a more formal way: ‘Now, I know it like the back of my hand, but ...’. The clear paragraphing also helps to hold the target reader’s attention. The letter is clearly organised into paragraphs and uses some cohesive devices: ‘Although I did not ...’ ‘For this reason I think I would be ...’. More linking words such as: ‘therefore, moreover, on the one hand etc’ could have been used to make the meaning even clearer. The ideas are clearly introduced, although in the second paragraph the ‘number of reasons’ are not mentioned very clearly in the sentences that follow: ‘There are a number of reasons that I think I would ...’

There is a range of relevant vocabulary which is used appropriately: ‘I would be very good at showing other visitors around.’ There is also a range of simple grammatical structures used accurately: ‘I think I would make a very good tour guide’ (use of modals) There are a few non-impeding errors: ‘I have always been a sociable and like meeting ...’ and ‘I have always been a sociable and like meeting’.

6


TEST 1 - PART 2

QUESTION 3 - LETTER

MARK: 2

Sample Response B

Dear Sir or Madam,

I want to apply for the job of tour guide. I hope you will like my application. I know my local area very well because I grew up here and I am interested in learning all about all the interesting things here. There are a lot of sites to see and good hotels and restaurants to visit.

I get on well with people and I communicate very well with them. I am friends with everybody. I do not fight or argue with people and I am polite with them. I am funny and I like to go to the cinema with my friends and then maybe to café to talk with them about things. We give each other advice. I also like to read many books and I like sometimes to make paintings. I would like very much to have the opportunity to be a tour guide and make friendships with more people. I would make a good tour guide because I am friendly to all the people and I am polite with them. I would help them to be comfortable and to have nice times. I would say the highlight of the area is all the good seafood restaurants and the seafront places to walk and sit in cafes and eat. These are a perfect place to take a holiday and to relax. The food is very good and it is unique. The tourists can sit outside by the sea and they can enjoy themselves. Thank you very much for reading my letter and I hope you will think about taking me for the job of tour guide. Yours faithfully, --

A Letter of Application is always formal in style unless the question explicitly states otherwise. Its purpose is to propose a candidate, and outline his suitability, for a particular position. Description (of a person’s character and strengths), explanation and justification are important functions in a Letter of Application.


Mark

Content

2


2

Organisation

3

Language

2

Commentary

Not all the points mentioned in the advert have been covered (e.g. age of the applicant) and some irrelevant information has been included: ‘We give each other advice.’

The target reader would be informed despite the lack of cohesive devices: ‘We give each other advice. I also like to read many books and ...’

The conventions of the communicative task are not used effectively. The register and tone should be formal but instead in most cases informal language is used: ‘I am friends with everybody ...’ ‘I want to apply for ...’. This would have a negative effect on the target reader, who is the potential employer. Organised into paragraphs, but lacking cohesion. Linking words such as: ‘therefore, moreover, on the one hand etc.’ are not used: ‘I would make a good tour guide because I am friendly to all the people and I am polite with them. I would help them ...’ Range of vocabulary and structure is limited: ‘I am friendly to all the people.’ Vocabulary not adequate to effectively accomplish the task. Basic structures generally accurate, but no attempt made at anything but very basic expressions: ‘ The food is very good and it is unique. The tourists can sit outside by the sea and they can enjoy themselves.’

7


TEST 1 - PART 2

QUESTION 4 - REVIEW

MARK: 3

Sample Response A

Film Review - Romeo and Juliet

This new film of Romeo and Juliet is a very successful adaptation of Shakespeare’s famous play and it does a great job of engaging the audience with the story at all times. The story begins with a large fight between the Capulets and the Montagues, two prestigious families in Verona, Italy. The two protagonists of the story, Romeo and Juliet, who come from these two families fall in love, but they later realise that their families are enemies. They are devastated, but they decide to marry and finally Romeo and Juliet marry by Friar Lawrence. Juliet’s mother wants to make Juliet to marry a man named Paris but Juliet, refuses to comply. Fr. Lawrence gives her a potion which will make her appear dead and he promises to tell Romeo. She drinks the potion and everybody thinks she is dead. Friar Lawrence’s letter fails find Romeo, so he assumes that his wife is dead and commits suicide. Later, when Juliet wakes she finds Romeo dead and kills herself. So the film doesn’t have a happy end like many Hollywood movies, but still the audience loves it! I would wholeheartedly recommend this film to anyone who like Shakespeare and romantic love stories. It is a classic story that still appeals to everybody even to younger audiences.

■ Organisation: Clearly organised into paragraphs with appropriate linking devices. ■ Language: Language of description, explanation and opinion. Vocabulary related to description of plot and recommendation of a film.

■ Content The REVIEW must: • Describe the plot and the characters. • Say for whom the film is suitable. • Mention any special effects or other important characteristics of the film. • Say why you would recommend that film to somebody. ■ Register: Formal language.


Mark

Content

4


3

Organisation

3

Language

3

Commentary

All points covered and expanded (Describe the plot and the characters etc): ‘The two protagonists of the story, Romeo and Juliet ...’. The target reader would be informed and interested. The conventions of the task (review) are used effectively, holding the target reader’s attention. The language is appropriate for the task - formal language since the review is addressed to the editor of a magazine. Clearly organised into paragraphs. The text is well organised and coherent, but more cohesive devices should have been used especially in the second paragraph. Adequate range of vocabulary: ‘I would wholeheartedly recommend ...’ A range of simple and some more complex grammatical structures is used: ‘Fr. Lawrence gives her a potion which will make her .. ‘ (the simple present tense is used to describe the plot) A number of non-impeding errors and awkward phrases: ‘... have been fighting with ...’ ‘... marry by ...’ ‘make ... to’.

8


TEST 1 - PART 2

QUESTION 4 - REVIEW

MARK: 2

Sample Response B

We all have some experience in our lives that we wish we could just forget. Have you ever though about what

would happen if the wish could come true? The movie “The Eternal Sunshine of a Spotless Mind” addresses just this thought.

It is a story about a man and a woman who are in love but then split up. They have a very bad time and end up hate each other and hurt so badly. So they decide to go in for a treatment to make them better by erasing their memories of each other totally. The movie shows us their memories as the doctors go to find them in order to erase them. We learn about their relationship and all the things that went wrong. We see them in their memories as

they are fighting. We also see the doctors find and erasing some happy memories, that probably they would like to keep. Then after the process has completed, they go back out into the world. They end up meeting each other again, and guess what? They once again fall in love. After all, they are the same people and they have no bad

memories to make them frighten. Will they make the same mistakes again, or might it work if they try again? It is a very clever movie, and a fun movie and I would highly recommend you to watch it if you get a chance.

A Review is usually written for a magazine or newspaper. Its aim is to describe and express the writer’s opinion about a film, a book, etc. Description, explanation and recommendation are important functions in a review.


Mark


3

Content

Organisation Language

2

2 2

Commentary

Too much space devoted to describing plot and not enough suggesting who the film is suitable for and why. Characters not described adequately. The target reader would be partially informed. Register appropriate to the task. Despite there in not clear paragraphing the text manages to hold the target reader’s attention. Not very well organised. Paragraphs present but very uneven in size. Linking words such as: ‘therefore, moreover, on the one hand etc’ could have been added. There is a range of relevant vocabulary, but this is not always used correctly:’... end up hate each other ... ‘ The language is generally accurate but there are a few errors: ‘the doctors find and erasing’, ‘process has completed’ however they do not prevent the reader from understanding the writer’s intention.

9


TEST 2 - PART 2

QUESTION 4 - PROPOSAL

MARK: 3

Sample Response A

The aim of this proposal is to outline what should be offered by our new career service and how it should be run.

Opening times First of all, I think it is important to choose which hours would be open carefully. If it is open when people cannot use it this is not helpful for anyone. The students who use it will be free to visit at the lunchtime hours and also after classes in the evening. These times it should be open.

What it should offer It should offer certain things to help the students inform. Information must be provided on higher education opportunities. Also it should inform about part time and temporary work opportunities. This is important because not all the people want the same thing. Secondly, we should have seminars by people who are following different careers so that they can tell students what this is like. This will help students to make their decision. Finally, we should also provide a job notice board where companies can advertise about their jobs. This will help the students and the companies both to find what they look for. I think if you follow these suggestions it will be a very helpful career service.

■ Organisation: Clearly organised into paragraphs, possibly with headings. ■ Language: Language of description, recommendation and persuasion.

■ Content The PROPOSAL must: • State what service this new career office could offer. • How it could be run. • the target reader should be informed ■ Register: Formal language.


Mark

Content

3


3

Organisation

4

Language

3

Commentary

All content is relevant to the task and the target reader is fully informed: ‘I think it is important to choose which hours would be open carefully’ ‘Information must be provided on higher education opportunities’ Formal language is used which is appropriate for the task. Clear paragraphing helps to hold the target reader’s attention and address the points required for the task.

Well-organised, making use of headings. The ideas are clearly introduced with effective use of cohesive devices: ‘First of all,’ ‘Secondly,’ etc. Uses a range of vocabulary and simple and complex grammatical forms correctly. There are a few non-impeding errors, e.g. “ to help the students inform ...”.

10


TEST 2 - PART 2 Dear Jackie Sandown,

QUESTION 4 - PROPOSAL

MARK: 2

Sample Response B

We have received funding to set up a new careers service. My proposal is as to what the service could offer and how it could be run. The opening hour should be lunchtime and till 8 pm because this is when the students are free to visit the new office.

It should provide for the students many higher education information and also part-time and temporary work opportunities. These are all very good opportunities for students and they will be very interested in the information. It will also be very good for them to see seminars and talks about people in different careers. They will learn about the different careers and have an interesting time learning about that. In addition, it would be advantageous for us to make job notice boards that companies can be used to advertise on about the jobs they want someone to do. Student can come and read this and be helped to find a good job while the companies are helped because they find the students. In conclusion I think you will have a very nice careers service. The students will be helped so much by this service and they will appreciate it so much. You should follow my proposal and everyone will be very glad. I hope to hear from you very soon. Sincerely, ---

The target reader(s) for a Proposal is (are) usually an employer/superior, a college principal or a specific group of people (work colleagues etc.). The aim of the proposal is to present some suggestions and support them with facts, in order to persuade the reader to do something and it should be clearly organised with headings. Candidates are expected to make recommendations and suggestions using formal language.


Mark


2

Content

Organisation Language

2

Commentary

All points addressed, but there is little expansion. There is considerable borrowing from the prompt. The target reader would be informed, however there would be a rather negative effect. Too informal; requires formal register: ‘ You should follow my proposal and everyone will be very glad.’

3

Some cohesive devices used, but the first paragraph is too long and it contains different ideas. Letter form is not correct for a proposal.

2

A rather limited range with notable repetition. There are a number grammatical and syntactical errors: ‘My proposal is as to ...’ ‘They should work both for’ ‘... companies can be used to advertise’.

11


TEST 3 - PART 2

QUESTION 2 - REPORT

MARK: 3

Sample Response A

Introduction The purpose of this report is to evaluate the effect of the shopping centre on the environment and community.

Positive Points Overall, there seem to be many positive points for the community. The shopping centre is well managed and in good condition. It provides valuable employment and training for local people. In addition it looks attractive with good landscaped grounds. Finally, because extra trees were planted it improved the local environment.

Negative Points On the other hand, there are some negative effects of the mall. There is a lot of litter that is coming from the shopping centre and it’s very hard to find parking space in the area since there are a lot of people visiting the shops and the restaurants of the mall. There is also a lot of noise late at night, which is bothering the residents, and makes it difficult to get some sleep. Other negatives is that small shops and restaurants might lose their customers who will probably decide to go to the new shops that are in the shopping centre. Recommendations There are some changes that would benefit all. There should be noise limits after 10pm, and perhaps the complex should hire people to clean the area arounf the centre. The grounds should be lit at night, to improve safety, and also a car park should be built in the area,

Conclusion Overall, this complex has been a positive addition to the community, in spite of some problems. If these problems with noise, parking and litter are addressed, things will be much better.

■ Register: Formal language. ■ Organisation: Clearly organised into paragraphs with appropriate linking devices. Headings should be included. ■ Language: Language of description and recommendation.

■ Content The REPORT must: • state both the positive and the negative aspects of the shopping centre • state what effect the shopping centre might have on the local environment and the community • make some suggestions as to how the more negative aspects could be improved


Mark

Content

3

All content is relevant to the task and the target reader is fully informed: e.g. the positive and the negative aspects of the shopping centre: ‘Overall, there seem to be many positive points for the community.’


3

The register is consistently formal appropriate for the task: ‘Overall, there seem to be many positive points for the community.’

Organisation

4

The text is well organised and coherent, and uses a variety of cohesive devices paragraph headings: ‘On the other hand, there are ...’

Language

3

Commentary

Acceptable, though rather limited range of structures. Generally accurate, with some awkwardness of language: ‘ good landscaped grounds’ ‘makes it difficult to get some sleep’.

12


TEST 3 - PART 2

QUESTION 2 - REPORT

MARK: 2

Sample Response B

The shopping centre has many effects on the environment and community. The purpose of this report is to tell the positive points and the negative points of the shopping centre.

There are a number of positive points. The centre is in good condition, and the landscape has been made very well. Many extra trees have planted to improve the environment. It is like a beautiful park around the buildings. It provides employment and training for local people and this is a great deal beneficial. There are no problems with management as it is very well managed. The following are the negative points. There is litter around the buildings. The shopping centre is noisy late at night and this is annoying all the people. On the other hand it gets very crowded.

There should be a place for cars. Theys should also increase the safety issue. If you do these things, it will be a better shopping centre for the environment and the community.

The target reader(s) for a Report is (are) usually an employer/superior, a college principal or a specific group of people (work colleagues etc.). The purpose of the report is to assess the present situation objectively looking at both the good and bad points, and make some suggestions on how to improve the situation. Candidates are expected to use formal language and follow the writing conventions of a report, with the use of headings where appropriate.


Mark

Commentary

Content

3


2

Organisation

2

The text is organised into paragraphs, but there are no headings and cohesive devices, There are a lot of short sentences with very basic grammar structures: ‘There should be a place for cars. Theys should also increase the safety issue.’

Language

2

Simple basic structures. There are a number of errors: ‘trees have planted’, ‘a great deal beneficial’

Most points addressed, but the meaning is not very clear. The target reader would be partially informed.

The register is consistently formal but the there is lack of linking words that confuses the target reader.

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CAE -2015-Justifications-p14-35 12/2/2014 9:51 πμ Page 14

JUSTIFICATIONS OF THE ANSWERS TEST 1

Part 5

Reading and Use of English Justifications Part 2 9. Both each and every are used with singular nouns, where it is implied that an action will happen more than once or be repeated. “Each breath you take” - because you take repeated breaths. 10. in fact / in short = linking words used in order to illustrate / summarise a point. 11. exactly / precisely = adverbs of manner; usually their position is after the verb or after the verb + object. 12. could / should = modal verbs; express suggestion / possibility / speculation 13. getting / doing = present participles that replace a first -conditional sentence. (if we do it right ...) 14. we use some with countable plural nouns in the affirmative [whereas any is also used with countable plural nouns but in interrogative or negative clauses]. 15. actually / really = adverbs used as linking words to express reality. 16. miss out on (idiom) = to lose the chance to do something / get something / achieve something e.g. missed out on the promotion.

Part 3 Verbs 17. vary

18.

increase

19.

find

20.

absorb

21.

measure

22.

-

23.

believe

24.

-

Nouns

Adjectives

Adverbs

variety variation variant varier

various variant variable varied varying increasable increasing findable unfindable

variously varyingly invariably

absorbent absorbing absorbable unabsorbable measurable

absorbingly absorbedly

worldwide

worldwide worldly believably unbelievably

increase increaser finding finder find absorption absorbability absorber absorbent measurement measure measurer world worldliness belief believability believer believing believableness problem

believable unbelievable believing

problematic

increasingly -

measurably

problematically

Part 4 25. in the habit of (expression) = if you are in the habit of doing something, you do it regularly or often. 26. have a good chance of (expression) = there is strong likelihood / possibility of doing something or of something happening 27. it goes without saying (expression) = something is so obvious that it need not be said. 28. something strikes somebody as = has an emotional or cognitive impact upon them e.g. “This behavior struck me as odd”. 29. struggle + full infinitive. Let alone = much less, not to mention. 30. such + verb to be + noun + that clause = inverted clause of result, used for emphasis.

31. The correct answer is C. Paragraph 2. “some people may not know their accounts have been raided”. Identity theft is “ far ahead of mugging” so it’s not A. It cost £1.7bn in the UK but how serious it is compared to the US is not stated so B. is not right. D is wrong because it’s in order “to keep their crime profile low” that thieves do not empty an account. 32. The correct answer is D. Paragraph 3. Glen Hastings says it’s easy, you only need to be able to read and write. It’s not A because computer skills help but they are not ‘essential’. Banks lend to people with “excellent credit records” so B. is wrong. D. is wrong because he never repaid the money. 33. The correct answer is B. Paragraph 3. he re-mortgaged “the property for £210,000, which he then took out of the country”. It’s not A. because rent was paid in advance”. Re-mortgaging a property means getting a loan, using the property as collateral so C. is wrong. D. is wrong because he used the teacher’s identity to ‘get a loan’. 34. The correct answer is A. Paragraph 6. because “she felt ‘stunned’, upset and violated” and not angry or ill so it can’t be B. or C. As an actress she takes ‘other people’s identities’ but she wasn’t play-acting and “burst into tears” so it’s not D. 35. The correct answer is D. Paragraph 6. ‘concealed gadgetry’ was used to “steal her pin and clone her card”. It’s not A. as her card was copied. It’s not B. because they used it to test the limit and waited until after midnight to use it again. The building society cancelled her card but we don’t know if all the money was taken so it’s not C. 36. The correct answer is B. Paragraph 8. the credit card company was vigilant by checking the use of her card. It’s not D. because the finance company can ‘detect’ not ‘solve ‘ these cases. A. is obviously wrong and the fact that people themselves can detect card fraud makes C. incorrect.

Part 6 37. The correct answer is B. Reviewer A says, 'Then I looked at the painting next to it, which also showed Matisse's inherent ability to depict form and colour, with stupendous results.' Reviewer C says, '...to create the colourful and seemingly insouciant paintings...' 'Today it seems clearer than ever that Matisse was, first and foremost, a supreme colourist. His use of pinks and purples, clarets, oranges and crimsons, is more surprising and electric...' Reviewer D says, 'Ravishing colours...' 38. The correct answer is A. '...which also showed Matisse's inherent ability to depict form and colour, with stupendous results.' 39. The correct answer is D. '...he revisited the same subjects over and over, and he often used completed canvases as models for later ones.' 'He used photographs of his own paintings to judge whether he was making progress...' 40. The correct answer is C. 'Even when you compare him to that other 20th-century giant Picasso, Matisse wins the colour wars hands down (even Picasso admitted it, once).'

Part 7 41. The correct choice is F, a general paragraph, which introduces the Marmaray Rail Tunnel Project, the ‘audacious engineering project’ referred to in the last sentence of the previous paragraph. Paragraph F. also discusses the associated potential earthquake problem and, as the following paragraph does not refer to geological problems, this rules out paragraphs A, C, E, and G. 42. The correct choice is B. Istanbul is divided between Europe and Asia by the Bosphorus Strait and Paragraph B. refers to two road bridges crossing the strait. Paragraph B. also refers to the Sultan’s suggestion, and in the following paragraph the dream is becoming a reality. 43. The correct answer is D. as the last sentence in the previous paragraph refers to ‘traffic hell’ and in paragraph D we read about “braving gridlock’ and ‘two overcrowded road bridges’. The last sentence of paragraph D. talks about an ‘upgraded rail service’ and the first sentence of the next paragraph continues

14


this theme, also ruling out paragraphs A, C, E and G. 44. The correct choice is G, as the previous paragraph describes the process of building the tunnel and paragraph G explains that although it (building the tunnel) ‘might sound straightforward’, there is a problem with a geological faultline known as the NAF. The following paragraph describes the NAF so this rules out E, which talks about designing tunnels to withstand earthquakes. 45. The correct answer is A. because we read that “earthquakes along the NAF are common” and the next paragraph continues the theme, referring to earthquakes ‘along the NAF’ as setting up a larger one. 46. The correct choice is C. because it refers to an earthquake striking Istanbul and the following paragraph discusses the possibility of this happening.

side pubs, plus suggested routes and specific points of interest.“ 12. “We’re keen to encourage both experienced and inexperienced anglers onto the well-stocked canal network and reservoirs.” 13. “Rod licences are obligatory, and can be obtained from your local post office.” 14. “We can all share the delights of the canal system so please be considerate to other users.”

Part 3

15. D - “All of the people I admire in showbiz are very, very smart. Quite a lot of them have been to university and benefited from it.” 16. A - “Doing my BA is really helping me to structure my thoughts. It’s just Part 8 helped me organise my thoughts a bit better...” 47. D. “Get into the festival spirit by trying out kayaking, water polo and 17. B - “... if we can make people laugh in between it softens the blow and a variety of other water sports for free”. cushions the effect of the harder stuff we show.“ 48. A. “The festival kicks off on May Day in Sydney Street with the 18. D - “...a drip of water can erode a rock and I think Comic Relief is be“Children’s Classics” parade of 4,000 children”. coming a strong and mighty drip. We’ve got to keep going until the rock dis49. E. “The images all illustrate life in the city of London”. solves and it will dissolve but it’s going to take a long time, so people have 50. C. “there will also be a “proms in the park” an open air cinema” to stay committed.” 51. D. “there will also be unarmed combat displays by the Royal Marines” 19. C - “I went to a place called Debre Zeit where I watched this wonderful 52. A. “it’s a good chance to pick up a potential masterpiece” care worker called Fanti visiting various people who were suffering from 53. F. “a concert given by Mercury music Prize 2000 nominee Nitin HIV. Even though these people were in immense pain, there was a lot of digSawhney” nity involved.” 54. B. “special storytelling afternoons for children by some of Britain’s 20. A - “I’d like to write something on my own that I feel was [is] a good leading authors” piece of work, and the only way I’m going to do that is if I have confidence 55. E. “a performance by Ladysmith black Mombazo at St. Paul’s Cathedral” and faith in my own ability.” 56. B. “with human mannequin window displays at Jarrod’s department store”.

Part 4

Listening Justifications

Task One

21. D - “other institutions” - indicates it is a big organization and not a vet. “We are protecting different species for future generations to enjoy”, and EXTRACT 1 this is the work of a zoo. 1. C - He was ill but didn’t die. Jane says the writer had been seriously ill. 22. C - Speaker 2 now lives in “sheltered housing” which provides help for Bill agrees; “...it was touch and go for a while”. This means he almost old or disabled people. “I’d be tempted not to leave the house at all some didn’t survive. 2. B - “I’ve seen quite few of his plays and this one was completely differ- days ....” means that the speaker does not work. “He keeps me young at heart..” indicates the speaker is not physically young. Could also be G, but ent....” and “He really seems to be a different character to when he first this is not the best choice because no mention is made of the dog guiding started to write”. the man. EXTRACT 2 23. G - the speaker’s “life would be totally different” without the animal and 3. B - Pablo says stores of the same group seemed to attract each other, “We couldn’t do without each other” indicate the person is dependent on the while stores from different groups repelled each other. animal in some way. “She’s doing a job” indicates that the animal is proba4. C - Pablo goes on to say that during a two-year period they tested his theory and it was found to be correct. The Lyon Chamber of Commerce is even bly a guide dog, and the speaker blind. 24. A - “I have one patient that is seriously allergic to her dog....” indicates using the model to help entrepreneurs identify promising new premises. the speaker is a doctor. EXTRACT 3 5. C - Costa de la Cruz has been nicknamed ‘the Spanish Algarve’ as it’s in 25. B - The speaker says “ Some people may not approve of what I do or they may wonder how I can be so brave” and we also learn that the speaker close proximity to Portugal. is involved in “a show”. A circus is the only show there to choose, and 6. B - “...more homes will be built soon” however “the government is being could indeed be controversial and dangerous. careful to preserve the natural beauty and character of the place”.

Part 1

Part 2

Task Two

7. “The majority of the canal system was built without the benefits of modern technology or public finance.” 8. “From 1790 to 1929 a large number of competing, independently owned canals were constructed, their waterways not uniform in size and often unable to carry the larger vessels from other sections.” 9. “Through a series of takeovers, the various companies eventually amalgamated and created a ‘union’ of canals which could form a continuous link between Birmingham, London and other important industrial areas.” 10. ”Natural habitats are numerous as a result of cleaner waters and the declining industrial traffic. The hedgerows and canal banks have proved an ideal location for a number of diverse species to thrive in this tranquil and often unique environment.” 11. “Each waterway office can supply information on circular walks, water-

26. C - “We’re doing some wonderful things in the way of conservation and we are linked up with satellites and with other institutions worldwide to keep track of certain species. The value of this work cannot be underestimated.” 27. H - “I’d be tempted not to leave the house at all some days” and “On the whole, I prefer my own company”. 28. G - “What we could do without is people on the street coming up to us and causing a distraction” and “people don’t stop to think”. Choice A is not correct because it is too strong; the speaker “can understand why it happens”. 29. F - “I have one patient who is seriously allergic to her dog but she insists on keeping it. Now that to me doesn’t make any sense at all.” 30. B - “It’s to do with years of training and experience and knowing what you are doing. There’s no room for error in this job.”

15


TEST 2 Reading and Use of English Justifications Part 2 9. just = adverb (in this case it means ‘a little’ or ‘slightly’): “just over [slightly more than]”. 10. those refers to a plural noun [one to which reference has already been made], in this case to the nurses who had just graduated. 11. blame sb / sth for sth else (prepositional word) = say that sb / sth is the cause of an outcome. When someone is apportioned blame [given blame] for something the preposition ‘for’ always follows. Lots of people were “blaming recruitment freezes.... for their difficulties”. In other words; the people believed recruitment freezes caused their difficulties. 12. because / as / since are all linking words which express cause so they introduce a clause of reason. 13. waste of money = bad / poor use of money. 14. right = adverb of manner; immediately / just. 15. unless = (if not) zero conditional if + simple present - simple present (general fact). 16. yet / but = linking words expressing contrast. Whose turns it into a relative clause.

Part 3 Verbs 17. fail 18. convince

19.

enthuse

20.

please

21.

comprehend

22.

confuse

23.

end

24.

suspect

Nouns

Adjectives

Adverbs

failure conviction convincibility convincement convincer enthusiasm enthusiast pleasure displeasure pleaser pleasurability pleasingness

infallible convincible convincing unconvincing

infallibly convincedly convincingly unconvincingly

enthusiastic unenthusiastic pleasant pleased pleasing pleasurable displeasing displeased pleasureful pleasureless comprehension incomprehensible comprehensiveness comprehendible incomprehensible comprehensive confusion confused confusability confusing confusable end endless ending unending suspect suspicious suspicion suspiciousness

enthusiastically unenthusiastically pleasantly displeasingly

buy’ (conditional without if). “In case” basically means “if it should happen that / in the event that”. 30. idiomatic expressions: make no difference to sb = doesn’t have an effect on or matter to them, keep in touch = to communicate with someone regularly.

Part 5 31. The correct answer is B. paragraph 1. “He’s still scarred and the incident had a lasting impact on me”. D. is clearly wrong. It’s not C. because she knew she “had to fetch a bucket of water” but shock prevented it. It’s not A. because she blames herself for doing nothing, not for ‘causing the accident’. 32. The correct answer is C. Paragraph 1. “I started studying medicine but I never really got into it”. It’s not A. or D. because she had given up the course before she decided to get married. B. is incorrect because, while the course wasn’t what she expected, we don’t know if it was demanding. 33. The correct answer is D. Paragraph 4. “but back then, nature also supported us on a practical level”. C. is wrong, as she cried because she couldn’t cope. B. is incorrect (Paragraph 3) because we only know she was “on her own” as a single parent. A. is incorrect because she had to bring up three young children “with very little money”. 34. The correct answer is B. Paragraph 5. “I had faith in it because my parents had used it”. Her parents used it rather than ‘had a homeopathy clinic’, which means C. is incorrect. D is wrong because, although “homeopathy wasn’t so widely accepted” it doesn’t say how people felt about it. A. is wrong because we don’t know what the career prospects were. 35. The correct answer is A. Paragraph 7. “I was totally out of my depth in the beginning”, which also rules out B. It’s not C. as she lacked business skills and had to teach herself ‘the basics’. We know she received a huge rates bill but we don’t know if she could afford it or not so D is incorrect. 36. The correct answer is C. paragraph 9. “I’ve learned you have to accept the negative things in life and use them to move on”. This means she is not ‘insecure and negative’ so B. is incorrect. D. is obviously wrong and the fact she had “no idea how to run a business back then” Paragraph 7, means A. is not correct.

Part 6

comprehensibly comprehendingly comprehensively confusingly confusably confusedly endlessly unendingly suspiciously

Part 4 25. have an / (no) intention of doing something (expression) = plan on (not plan on) doing something. 26. The verb congratulate has the following syntax: congratulate someone on doing sth. 27. get away (phrasal verb) = escape. 28. The verb apologise is followed by the preposition for, and the latter by a gerund. It could also be followed by a perfect gerund (having turned). In both cases we apologise for something that has already happened before we offer the apology. 29. in case + third person singular + past simple ‘want’ + infinitive ‘to

37. The correct answer is A, as reviewers B, C and D all make comparisons between the King's speech and other films. Reviewer B, compares it to 'Rocky with dysfunctional royalty. Good Will Hunting set amongst the staid pageantry and fussy social mores of the late 30s. A film that will play and play. A prequel to The Queen.' Reviewer C states that the themes of the King's Speech, are 'the subjects in fact of such enduringly popular movies as Casablanca', whilst Reviewer D, states that 'King George V1 (Colin Firth) found his own Dr. Strangelove in Lionel Logue (Geoffrey Rush)...' 38. The correct answer is B. 'Where lies its success? Let’s start with the script, by playwright David Seidler, a model for transforming history into an approachable blend of drama and wit. For a film about being horrendously tongue-tied, Seidler’s words are exquisitely measured, his insight as deep as it is softly spoken.' 39. The correct answer is B. 'Tom Hooper's The King's Speech, looked no more than a well-spoken costume drama, optimistically promoted for Sunday tea-time... But for all its pageantry, it isn’t a film of grandiose pretensions. Much better than that, it is an honest-to-goodness crowd pleaser.' 40. The correct answer is A. 'History and film buffs will delight in Seidler's the King's Speech. Its strong historical context might deter those not falling withing these two categories, however.'

Part 7 41. The correct choice is Paragraph G because the last sentence of the previous paragraph talks about accountability of airport staff and areas of control and in Paragraph G, ‘we put our lives’ in the hands of airline staff, particularly pilots. Paragraph B, which refers to ‘delays at check-in’, might be considered because the first paragraph refers to ‘recent security changes’; however, we realise someone is speaking, “I appreciate that”, and nobody was introduced

16


in the first paragraph. Paragraphs D and E can be excluded for the same reason as B. 42. The correct choice is Paragraph F, which introduces Kate North who says flying is “not all terrifying” referring to the previous paragraph, the theme of which is pilots and security. The following paragraph begins with “North from Cambridge”, she’s a pilot with KLM. and we know her first name from Paragraph F. 43. The correct choice is Paragraph D. It describes how North became a pilot with KLM and in the previous paragraph she explains how it became her ambition. In the next paragraph she discusses the advantages and disadvantages of being a pilot, which rules out paragraph E, which is about cabin crew. 44. The correct choice is Paragraph A. because the topic is the cost of pilot training and the following paragraph continues the theme that competition for places in flight school is ‘fierce’ - “despite the cost of training”. 45. The correct choice is Paragraph C, which discusses the various courses. In the previous paragraph, RAF training and undergraduate pay are discussed and in Paragraph C, we read about various world-recognised flight training courses in Brunel University and Oxford Aviation Training School. 46. The correct choice is Paragraph E as the previous paragraph introduces Zoe Goldspink and describes her training and job as cabin crew. It’s not B because the person speaking says “I never fly anywhere unless I really have to”.

Part 8 47. C. “And then you really feel old as their children come along” 48. E. “Sometimes they are a bit resentful......We are trained to deal with such issues though and have techniques to help us win the trust of the children” 49. F. “I think that you get what you give and if I give people a cheery good morning they are going to respond in a positive way towards me” 50. B. “Exam results time, now that’s an emotional one” 51. A. “Now she tries to claim commission on the royalties of every book I have published” 52. D. “I sometimes wonder if I’ve missed out on the traditional way of life” 53. B. “I’ve had a few close encounters with a canine jaw or two but no actual bites” 54. C. “It’s not a job for the fainthearted that’s for sure” 55. A. “I don’t remember a time I didn’t write but I never had aspirations to earn a living from it” 56. F. “others have a thing about buses and feel obliged to overtake them at all costs and in any situation, whether it is safe or not”

Listening Justifications

Part 2 7. “My background is from a family of six children from a council estate.” 8. “I was interested in probation work but having left school with little in the way of qualifications, I never thought I could do it.” 9. “I was a volunteer for the St. John’s Ambulance Service, the Probation Service and at a residential children’s school.” 10. “Time management is the most important skill, especially the need to prioritise deadlines.....” 11. “There is a lot of one-to-one work with offenders and this requires you to work through both your own and their emotional barriers.” 12. “Of a working week, about three days are spent in the office with the remainder split between prison and being in court.” 13. “The worst thing is that the job is generally very pressured and there are times when you have to engage with people that have committed crimes that involve domestic violence.” 14. “I liaise with the courts which is basically providing guidance on the best sentence for people to be given.”

Part 3 15. B - “Despite girls consistently outperforming boys at GCSE, A level and Degree, findings show that within three years of graduating women are still earning less than men.” 16. A - “The government’s response in schools is being praised by most, and involves introducing new schemes to give young girls [a] better understanding of the wider choice of careers available to them, but there is still room for improvement.” 17. D - “This policy will only reduce the available ‘woman-power’ in these lower paid jobs. What we have to do is revalue the kind of work that women are doing such as cleaning, catering and caring for others - we’ve got to value it more highly.” 18. B - “Mothers who returned to their previous jobs as part-timers quickly fell behind their male colleagues financially, and those that entered new jobs on a part-time basis did even worse.” 19. A - “Currently many companies still conform to ‘stuffed shirt’ policies that have no openings for part-time workers in senior positions. This is forcing a large workforce of highly skilled and qualified women with young children out of the boardroom, because they cannot deliver a 40-plus-hour week, and into jobs below their capabilities.” 20. C - “The whole system still needs further reform if women are to have equal rights in the workplace and be able to bring up a family too.”

Part 1 EXTRACT 1

Part 4

1. B - His colleague’s complaints have created a very negative atmosphere. The man’s tried to speak to his colleague about it but now his colleague just thinks he’s trying to be the boss’ favourite. 2. A - She says “I do suspect you’ve gone about trying to solve it in a way that cast you .... as a bit of a self-important bore. Why don’t two or three of you put your complaints to your boss in a fair and constructive way?”

Task One

EXTRACT 2 3. C - Janet says “I’m glad you persuaded me to go to the recruitment fair. ‘It was nothing like I thought it would be”. 4. B - One of the employees Paul spoke to there passed on his CV to the marketing and business development manager and a week later he was invited for an interview.

EXTRACT 3 5. C. “... it’s a career where you can achieve promotion very quickly”. 6. A - The woman says “you’ve got to be out of your mind to want to work with dangerous people like that, plus I wouldn’t have the courage to face violent criminals”.

21. F - “We are the people that actually organise and lay out all the facts and figures coherently. They wouldn’t even remember half of what was said if we didn’t record it for them.” These are secretarial duties. 22. B - The speaker is “the new person”, “kind of on the lowest rung on the ladder” and is not yet qualified, which would describe an apprentice. 23. D - “I run a tight ship and the secret is not to allow time wasting.” This statement indicates the speaker is managing others. 24. H - “I still maintain a routine in my life”, “The working environment is so different from my day” and “I escaped the technological rat-race just in time” all indicate that the speaker is no longer working. 25. A - “I have to deal with everyone in the company to some extent” and “Being the first face they see, I try to be cheerful even if I’m not feeling on top form” both describe the job of a receptionist who must greet people at the door.

Task Two 26. D - “I suppose I could earn a small fortune blackmailing the many bosses I’ve had over the years.”

17


27. G - “One thing I’ve learned quickly is never offer to make coffee. In many businesses there is a ritual where everyone waits hours for the first person to say, “Who wants coffee?” That person then finds themselves in the kitchen for the rest of the day working as a junior catering manager. I should know, it happened to me when I first started here. Being the new person leaves you vulnerable, especially as I’m kind of on the lowest rung on the ladder.” 28. A - “The only reason people have so many meetings is that they are the one time you can get away from your work, your phone or your customers.” 29. H - “I believe that the best way to approach work is to write a list at the end of each day of what has to be achieved the next day. Then, get the most important jobs done first.” 30. C - “People at the bottom are also easily upset. Helping them do their job is only going to be appreciated if you are the undisputed master of what they are trying to do.”

TEST 3 Reading and Use of English Justifications

Part 4 25. When the verbs believe, consider, expect, know, say, suppose and their synonyms, like the verb repute in this particular case, are used in the passive form, they are then followed by to + infinitive 26. The change of word class (from verb to noun phrase) is a common technique to paraphrase a sentence / take sb by surprise = (idiomatic expression) surprise sb. 27. When something is of the utmost importance, it is extremely important. “of the utmost importance” is normally followed by a that-clause and the subjunctive. 28. We use inversion in the beginning of the sentence with particular adverbial expressions such as : under no circumstances, on no account / occasion, in no way etc. Inversion is used for emphasis. 29. We use inversion with particular words and expressions such as only after, only when, not until etc. 30. be in the mood for (doing) sth (idiom) = want to do / experience sth

Part 5

31.The correct answer is D. Paragraph 1. “Hey Tracey, let’s climb a mountain” and “the idea was firmly planted” in their minds. A. and B. are obvi9. [to be] taken with sth / sb = attracted to or impressed by (phrasal verb) ously wrong. Tracey’s domestic circumstances may make the ‘idea’ sound sth / sb. ‘unrealistic’ but the ‘decision’ was impulsive so C. is incorrect. 10. such as is used for introducing examples (Rome, Venice and Milan) 32. The correct answer is B. Paragraph 2. “our first hurdle was raising 11. behind = adverb of place. To lag behind sth / sb is a phrasal verb £3,000 each..... – organising a ball for 150 people, going carol singing and which means to fail to achieve as much as sth / sb, or to not have prorunning a school disco”. C. is clearly wrong. Although they went carol gressed as quickly and as far as sth / sb. singing, we don’t know about joining a choir, so D can’t be chosen. Tracey 12. Although / While are linking words expressing contrast was three stone overweight and hired a personal trainer but we’re not told 13. thanks to / due to are linking words expressing cause and therefore, about having to be a specific weight so A. is incorrect. they introduce a reason clause. 33. The correct answer is C. Paragraph 3. “In fact, we were the practical 14. the previous sentence mentions the area’s “several selling points”. This ones” and “Siobhan became like a mother hen”. A. B. and D. are not corsentence goes on to describe the first of those selling points. rect as “the age gap didn’t matter”. 15. only / just = adverb (here used to emphasise how small something is 34. The correct answer is B. Paragraph 5. “after six hours I passed out. I in this case the distance between the village of San Donato and the beach). had altitude sickness really badly and a porter had to lead me back down” 16. Few is used with countable nouns, whereas little is used with uncountand “I was crying because I hadn’t made it”.. This means A. can’t be right. ables. Also, the difference between few and a few is that few has a negative D is obviously wrong. She was ‘emotional’ as Siobhan came back so C. is meaning(= not many) while a few has a positive one, meaning some. incorrect. 35. The correct answer is A. Paragraph 5. “Even though I hadn’t made it to Part 3 the top, I didn’t feel like I’d failed. I realised I’d achieved something”, which Verbs Nouns Adjectives Adverbs means C. is not correct. B. is not correct as she wanted to welcome Siob17. spectacle spectacular spectacularly han back. She makes no comment about the experience so D. is not correct. exception exceptional exceptionally 18. except 36. The correct answer is C. Paragraph 6. “It made me realise you don’t favour favourable favourably 19. favour have to put up with situations – you do have a choice. There are infinite opfavouritism favourite favouringly portunities out there....I feel now that I’m really living”, all inspirational language.

Part 2

favourer

20.

forget

forgetfulness

21.

-

forgetter reality

22.

rely

reliance reliability

23.

comfort

comfort discomfort

favouring unfavourable unforgettable forgetful forgettable real realistic unrealistic unreliable reliable reliant uncomfortable comforting

comfortlessness comfortless

24.

legalise

legalism legality legacy legalisation

legal illegal

Part 6 unforgettably forgetfully really realistically unrealistically reliably unreliably comfortably uncomfortably

37.The correct answer is D. 'Minor resemblances between this novel by Ian McEwan and Henry James’s What Maisie Knew have already been noticed and are of some interest.’ 38.The correct answer is A. 'The opening is almost perversely ungripping. Instead of the expected sharpness of focus, the first 70 or so pages are a lengthy summary of shifting impressions.' 39.The correct answer is D. 'McEwan’s new novel, which strikes me as easily his finest...' 40.The correct answer is B. 'As in so many earlier McEwan novels, this shocking event will expose psychological fault lines running through his characters' lives and force them to confront a series of moral choices.'

comfortingly comfortlessly

Part 7

legally illegally

41. The correct choice is Paragraph C because the last sentence of the previous paragraph talks about a landscape and the opening sentence of Paragraph C continues the description of the same landscape. “.... Above us hang the purple flowers of jacaranda trees.”

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42. The correct choice is Paragraph F because it comes as an answer to the question of the previous paragraph: “But what is it that draws people to cities like bees to pollen?” 43. The correct choice is Paragraph D. The last sentence of the paragraph: “... the natural harbour that Alexander the Great saw in 331 B.C.” refers to the harbour which is also mentioned in the following paragraph: “... currents running west to east would keep the port navigable ...” 44. The correct choice is Paragraph A. The paragraph that comes after paragraph A refers to the lighthouse: “In the 14th century it (the lighthouse) collapsed during an earthquake...” which is also mentioned in the last part of paragraph A: “Fires, reflected in mirrors on top of the lighthouse ...” 45. The correct choice is Paragraph E. The paragraph that comes after paragraph E refers to Alexandria library: “A building was constructed in 3200 B.C. to house a collection of Egyptian papyrus scrolls ...” an it is also mentioned in paragraph E: “Also buried here in a site yet to be located is the famous Alexandria library ...” 46. The correct choice is Paragraph G. The paragraph that comes before paragraph G refers to the project of building the new Alexandria library: “The new library, he says ...” which is also mentioned in the paragraph G: “... are cooperating with the Egyptian government to finance a new 200-million dollar Alexandria library...”

buying abroad ...” 9. “A better climate remains the main reason, with more than half of the nearly 2,000 people questioned giving that as their principal reason for buying overseas.” 10. “... while the low interest rate environment has allowed other prospective property purchasers to take advantage of relatively cheap borrowing.” 11. “Despite the increased interest in eastern European countries, they still remain a target for a minority, with only 7 per cent choosing such destinations.” 12. People like Bulgaria because it ...... boasts the cheapest property prices in Europe. “ 13. ”Generally, it tends to work better if you want a holiday home rather than an investment .....” 14. “..... a lot of people don’t realise that tax and inheritance laws are different abroad.”

Part 3

15. B - “I’d already studied skating technique as demonstrated by the muffled-up skaters in the paintings of Averkamp and Brueghal.” 16. D - “Well actually it was more skids and tumbles, but with a bit of practice on the local duck pond I mastered a rough approximation of the classic skate pose.” Part 8 17. D - “Pretty much the whole country closes down while everyone takes 47. C. “people from all walks of life are coming together and forging some- to the ice. Kids traditionally demand ice time, but then so do all the adults!” thing new”. 18. C - “If you explore the frozen canals of the Netherlands you’ll enter the 48. E. “The landscape is unmarred by human construction”. wonderful, romantic world of the authentic, traditional Netherlands - a coun49. D. “appropriate clothing and footwear is essential”. try of hidden farmyards, lazy cattle and interesting locals who look as 50. A. “The area has been largely cleared of land mines but it’s probably though they are from another era.” best to stick to the main paths”. 19. A - “Never skate alone, or away from other skaters, and always stick to 51. D. “this expedition stays in rural villages and homes to get a better un- recognised routes where the ice has been checked for strength. Avoid ice derstanding of how modern and traditional India strive to co-exist”. under bridges, near to factory outflows, under trees or close to locks. Fields 52. C. “many felt the change to democratic government would spell deflooded to make outdoor rinks provide the safest place to learn on...and for cline. That simply hasn’t happened”. goodness’ sake keep warm.” 53. A. “it was subsequently maintained and enlarged by many different kings”. 20. C - Conrad has a lot of knowledge about skating and provides useful in54. F. “three masts tower above the handsome tall ship and sails ripple formation for the amateurs or complete novices. He seems confident about into action as she sets off”. safety, but also realistic. 55. B. “the park’s stock of large mammals had fallen by 95%”. Part 4 56. E. “this is an unusual and rewarding trip to a wilderness in Europe”.

Task One

Listening Justifications Part 1 EXTRACT 1 1. C - Bob Aldridge is a former British Airways chief executive. 2. A - “Air travellers should pay the full environmental costs of their journey to make the industry sustainable.”

EXTRACT 2 3. B - “I was always extremely careful, plus it seems that believing the best about a place and its people is often the very thing that helps keep you safe.“ 4. B - “I was fascinated by the whole event so I didn’t really have time to freak out.”

EXTRACT 3 5. C - “It’s more important to me that I have images to keep that reflect my own personal experience of the places.“ 6. A - “If you just wanted to take snaps you would only need one of the smaller size digital cameras.” and “You don’t need a big bulky film camera these days to get a professional image.”

Part 2 7. “Around 800,000 British households now own a second home abroad, up by 15 percent since June 2004, according to research published this week.” 8. “The boom has been fuelled by television programmes about people

21. F - The speaker has worked at the Sydney Harbour Bridge for many years and knows it very well. 22. A - Their friend questions why they have been back to Iceland so many times, the friend thinks surely the speaker has recorded everything there is to know about the place already. One could not rule out that the speaker is a casual tourist, enthusiastic in the extreme about Iceland, but they are certainly not an adventure tourist; therefore the most suitable option remaining is A. 23. D - Speaker 3 is in Columbia, they thought they would just be sipping coffee. But little did they know they would be whisked along a cable above the coffee plantations. They didn’t go with the intention of seeking out adventure, but they did find adventure on their holiday; therefore, the speaker is an adventure tourist by accident. 24. H - ”I had a few hours in between flying back to the UK and I thought I’d pop over to see the joys of Venice. My family had flown out for a few days and I’d met up with them while I was off duty.” 25. C - “I could think of nobody better qualified to teach me how to prepare this delicacy” and “I had another delicacy to pass on to my customers back home” are clues that he is a professional chef.

Task Two 26. D - “stomach-churning views of the harbour”. 27. C - I do love it there. Or should I strive to go somewhere new every time I

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go away now so that I really broaden my horizons? We’ll see. 28. G - “... I wondered how safe the clips were. They assured me that everything was fine ....” 29. H - “As soon as we disembarked, Joe stamped his foot on the pavement and his younger sister looked up at me expectantly. “There you go, safe as houses.” I said. They seemed reassured ...” 30. A - “How could a dog find truffles buried in the ground, especially in such a dense forest with so much thick vegetation on the ground?.....But my doubts were proved to be unfounded. Kiki certainly was the canine king of truffle hunting.”

29. shed (some) light on sth (expression) = make sth clearer to understand, or provide a reason for why something has happened 30. come to a conclusion that (expression) = conclude / decide / form the opinion that

Part 5

31.The correct answer is D. Paragraph 1. “I was really chuffed and quite taken aback”, which means A. can’t be right. She mentions she’s been “showered with accolades” but without any hint of arrogance, so B. is incorrect. It’s not D. as she had to ‘explain to people’ what it meant. 32. The correct answer is D. Paragraph 2. “At which he just presumed I meant a dress by some top fashion designer” and then when she appears in university gown he asks, “Where did you get that from?”. C. is obviReading and Use of English Justifications the ously wrong. It’s not A. as, in her opinion, he merely assumed she wanted Part 2 to change into a dress by a top fashion designer. He may have caused of9. making = present participle which replaces a relative clause. fence but there’s nothing to suggest it was deliberate so B. is not correct. 10. could have died = past modal which expresses possibility in the past 33. The correct answer is B. Paragraph 2. “It’s not so much about a re11. without = preposition; if you cannot do something without doing somegional accent, it’s more a class thing”. It’s not A. or C. because the point is thing else, it means you have to do both things at the same time. In this people assume “your dad must have pulled a few strings” if people from her case, when she thinks about her actions, she cringes at the same time. background attend a good university. It’s not D. as in her opinion, “You 12. Who = it is a relative pronoun which refers to people never know what you might miss out on if you dismiss somebody”. 13. out of (all) proportion = of exaggerated importance; of an unrealistic 34. The correct answer is B. Paragraph 4. “I have received some cracking importance or size compared to something else letters this week. One from Africa – an ex-mercenary putting me straight”. 14. ourselves is a reflexive pronoun used after the verb torture for emphaWe only know the letter “describes the whole history of the mercenaries” sis or in order to show that the subject did something on its own. You torand the reason he wrote was to ‘put her straight’ so A, C. and D. can’t be ture sb; in this case the somebody is yourself; therefore, we torture right. ourselves. 35. The correct answer is C. Paragraph 4. “there’s a timelessness about 15. such is used before noun groups for emphasis. ‘such agony’ implies it them, where the thoughts hang in space and then you have time to deal with caused a lot of agony or severe agony. these thoughts”. B. is obviously wrong and ‘sophistication’ is only referred 16. as if is a conjunction; ‘It’s as if’ means ‘it appears/seems to be the case to when describing the letter from the ex mercenary, so A. is not correct. D. that’ is incorrect as her point is that letters give you time to think, “especially in terms of an argument”. Part 3 36. The correct answer is A. Paragraph 6. “but not as half as big a smile as Verbs Nouns Adjectives Adverbs the letter I received last Friday”, which invited her to accept an honorary appearance apparent apparently 17. appear doctorate. This rules out D. It’s not B. as the apology relates to her not redisappear disappearance unapparent ceiving a previous letter. She’s amused because the cat’s letter was ‘cute’ acceptance acceptable acceptably 18. accept not because of the ‘idea’ of her cat getting a letter.

TEST 4

19.

formalise

20.

indicate

21. 22. 23.

interact -

24.

-

accepter informality formality formalisation formalism indication indicator

unacceptable formal informal

indicative indicatory indictable ritual ritualistic interaction interactive courtesy courteous discourteousness discourteous courteousness laziness lazy

Part 6

formally informally

37. The correct choice is A. 'I first saw Venice in June 1984. It was a sewer.' 'I also fled the hordes for an Orient-Express train through the quiet Tyrol.' 38. The correct choice is B. '...I spent 12 days in Venice for Christmas and New Year and we revelled in the absence of ostentatious decorations that are unfortunately, so common, back home.' 39. The correct choice is B. '...it’s the light that seduces you every time and makes you feel so very alive.' 40. The correct choice is C. 'Venice at Christmas is surprisingly lacking the tourist crowds.'

indicatively

ritually interactively courteously discourteously

Part 7 lazily

Part 4 25. make a good (bad) impression on sb (expression) = impress sb (or [bad] leave them unimpressed with you) 26. be in the mood to do sth (idiom) = having the proper state of mind for a particular situation or for doing something, or simply wanting to do something / experience something 27. the change of word class (from verb to noun phrase) is a common technique to paraphrase a sentence 28. be subject to someone or something (expression) = be affected by someone or something.

41. The correct choice is G, as the theme of the previous paragraph is ‘penguins’ and ‘laboratory investigations’ and this is continued in paragraph G. “Take part in an experiment on mood....you will be shown a video of penguins”. Also in paragraph G. “laboratory experiments to investigate what moods are”, points towards an explanation which begins the following paragraph. 42. The correct choice is F. In the previous paragraph we learn we have “a tendency to notice the negative feelings”. Paragraph F. re-iterates this point at the beginning but moves to moods in general to lead into the following paragraph. Paragraph A. could be considered because it generally adds to the point made at the end of the previous paragraph about ‘feeling good’ but a key point of the previous paragraph is that “we are happier than we tend to

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think” and in A. ‘the ramifications’ don’t follow this theme accurately. 43. The correct choice is C. In the previous paragraph we are told that anxiety “narrows our attention span” and in paragraph C. we’re informed that “it takes us longer to read a word associated with our anxieties”. Also, the following paragraph continues the theme of ‘thought processes’ referred to at the end of Paragraph C. 44. The correct choice is A. The previous paragraph makes the point that it’s “hard to shake off a bad mood” and Paragraph A. explains ‘the ramifications’ of this in terms of job interviewers. Paragraph D. might be considered as it deals with ‘anger’ which is also in the previous paragraph. However, ‘fuming with anger’ is used as an example to show how moods affect people mentally, and this is developed further in Paragraph A, whereas a physical reaction results from the anger in Paragraph D. making it the incorrect choice. 45. The correct choice is E. because the previous paragraph begins with a definition of ‘hope’ and makes the point that hopeful people are ‘more successful’. Paragraph E continues on this theme by giving a reason “why hopeful people succeed”. 46. The correct choice is D. The previous paragraph describes anger as beneficial, having a communicative purpose and paragraph D. begins with an added benefit “Also, anger readies our bodies for attack.....that might prove essential in a fight”.

10. The Grammar School Association estimates that 75,000 children annually sit the 11-plus for only 20,000 places. 11. “... children from disadvantaged backgrounds are less likely to go to grammar schools than their more affluent peers, even if they are just as clever.” 12. “... just 2 percent of pupils attending grammar schools are entitled to free school meals, compared with 12 percent at other secondary schools in those areas.” 13. One web-based tutoring service offers a 91-hour course costing £1,365 with an additional £285 for materials. 14. “Tutors offer contradictory advice about the suitability of courses as preparation for the 11-plus.”

Part 3

15. C. “There have been many versions of childhood in fact and fiction, and I dare say there’ll be many more.” 16. D. “So those cheeky little scamps I saw challenging each other to throw their school bags on top of a bus-stop must have been a figment of my imagination.” 17. A. “Many reach adolescence with poor attention spans and self-control and a distinct lack of empathy for the people around them.” 18. C. “Instead many of our children have developed a taste for unhealthy food, a couch-potato lifestyle and have related problems with sleeping.” Part 8 19. D. “Moral guidance has suffered as societies have become increasingly 47. F. “Some people will try to use words that disguise their true motives”. confused, while children are constantly exposed to manipulative advertising 48. D. “You’ve been cornered into dealing with tedious people”. and the excesses of celebrity culture.“ 49. A. “too many words can weaken even the strongest argument”. 20. B. Since parents are terrified by media hysteria about “stranger danger” 50. D. “certainly don’t feel you have to provide instant solutions if you’re .... they also need information about the real dangers from which children suddenly offered an ultimatum”. should be protected - for instance, TVs and other technological parapherna51. B. “don’t allow anyone to question how much you’re spending on yourself”. lia in their bedrooms.” 52. A. “focus on a one-to-one relationship that’s suffering from neglect”. 53. E. “to make the most of what’s coming your way, you’ll have to be flexi- Part 4 Task One ble about existing arrangements”. 21. E - The speaker’s hours “change depending on what’s happening in 54. C. “You’ll develop an air of optimism. Just remember to take a reality the world on a particular day” and “I enjoy presenting the facts in an check”. honest and unbiased way. That involves a lot of research and a lot of 55. C. “Most people are wary of offers that seem too good to be true”. time out at events and incidents” and these things are characteristic of a 56. F. “you are well overdue a refuelling session”.

Listening Justifications Part 1 EXTRACT 1 1. B - “... it really suits his character as it’s such a serene and isolated place and yet there’s a really warm community spirit” 2. C - “They thought it was hilarious, watching us panting behind them.”

EXTRACT 2 3. C - “You always got away with murder because you were the baby of the family”, “I was just better behaved than you” and “blaming stuff on us when you were about to get caught” are all examples of ways siblings would talk to each other. 4. A - The man jokes with the woman and asks where is her degree if she is so smart.

EXTRACT 3

journalist. 22. C - “I prided myself on my creativity and the fact that my work directly increased the turnover and status of the companies I promoted.” 23. H - “Stooping down, straining my back, carrying heavy equipment every day.” And ”because I have bills to pay I do a manual, boring job”. The only manual work to choose is that of a cleaner. 24. A - “In my job there is an element of danger and so there has to be discipline and order...”. The police officer’s is the only job that would be described this way; the others are not at all dangerous. 25. F - “I’m in the office at the crack of dawn until early evening, dealing with branches all over the world” and “...the world of finance never really stops for a break” so we know the job has to do with money. Choice G would also have to do with money, but would not be dealing with other branches. Task Two

5. A - Brian “has proposed” which means they are now engaged to be married. 26. D. “And the people who are working too hard are not the poor masses, 6. B - Paul says that Jenny needs to look on the bright side. they are the corporate lawyers in air-conditioned offices; the senior people who manage their own working hours.” Part 2 27. G. “I did it because I was passionate about my work, and commanding 7. “Experts also say over-tutoring does not significantly help.” good money, and that’s a heady thing to resist.” 8. “These schools admit to receiving on average, five applications for every 28. A. “Maybe a managing director lives to work, but I am working to live. If place. “ he is a workaholic, it is because he loves his job .... If he works too much it 9. Dr Mike Walker, headmaster of a grammar school in Chelmsford said that is out of choice; if I work too much it is out of necessity”. “the nature of 11-plus type exams requires accuracy at speed, and with un- 29. B. “I believe we all have a need to be a functioning part of society...But predictable questions ....“ there is a line between a committed, contributing and conscientious worker

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and somebody who really doesn’t know when to put his pen down and go home.” 30. E. “I also find the Brits mix work and socialising to a far greater extent than we do in the States. Here, you can’t get going on a Monday morning unless you first ask about people’s weekends. Americans tend not to engage in that kind of nicety.”

30. have the tendency to do sth (expression) = have an inclination to do sth; tend to do sth, do sth more often than not.

Part 5

TEST 5 Reading and Use of English Justifications Part 2 9. other refers to the second of two people or things when the first one has already mentioned or implied. In this case, the second leg. 10. what is used to refer to a situation that is unknown or has not been specified.In this case, ‘the thing’ that he was expecting has not been specified. 11. awake(n) from / after something = to wake up from something, such as a dream or a deep sleep. awake from / after a nap = wake up after a short sleep 12. as if is a conjunction used here with the meaning; in the same way that it would be if 13. or is a conjunction used to indicate an alternative, usually only before the last term of a series 14. somebody / someone are indefinite pronouns referring to a person who is not familiar with us 15. look into (phrasal verb) = investigate 16. make / find your way (somewhere) (idiom) = to move towards a particular place/point - if you have made or found your way somewhere, you have reached that particular place/point.

Part 3 Verbs 17. 18.

predict

19.

widen

20.

fascinate

21.

-

22.

-

Nouns

Adjectives

Adverbs

serenity serenitude

serene

serenely

unpredictability predictable prediction unpredictable predictability predictive predictiveness predictor predictableness width wide widener fascination fascinating fascinative awareness aware unawareness unaware coast coastal bicoastal urbanisation urban fragility fragile fragileness

predictably unpredictably predictively

widely fascinatingly fascinatedly coastally

31. The correct answer is D. Paragraph 1. We gather from the text that she has a tolerant approach to the animals, has developed an ‘understanding’ with them and gets “a buzz in the morning” when gorillas look at her. 32. The correct answer is B. paragraph 2. “I had this unbelievable feeling. I’m in the same country as wild gorillas. I was overwhelmed”. It was her first time to visit Cameroon so A. is wrong. “It felt like coming home” so she must know what it’s like to feel at home making D. incorrect. Relatives are not mentioned so C. is not correct. 33. The correct answer is D. Paragraph 4. “we’re eating our kin. As far as I’m concerned it’s cannibalism”. A. is obviously wrong. It’s not B, as “there is a 0.6% difference in DNA between us and them”. Spain proposes “human rights” for primates so C. is incorrect. 34. The correct answer is C. Paragraph 5. “Food is really basic – we haven’t the money to buy luxuries”. D. is obviously wrong. A. is not correct because she eats leaves ‘not as part of her diet’ but “to show infants how to survive”. It’s modest because they “haven’t the money” so B. is incorrect. 35. The correct answer is C. Paragraph 6. “The only way to stop this slaughter is to stop the people at the top”. B. is wrong as ‘future’ is only inferred in relation to stopping ‘people at the top’. ‘Plastering over a problem’ doesn’t mean the work is pointless so A is incorrect and as it implies they’re not “eliminating the worst problems” D. is incorrect. 36. The correct answer is B. Paragraph 7. “It’s humbling that humans have done this to them and they’ll turn round and put trust in us again”. C. is obviously wrong. As she feels she must be the one to support them, A. is incorrect. We don’t know why she was crying so D is not correct.

Part 6 37. The correct choice is D. '...the finest achievement yet from Muti and the Chicago Symphony Orchestra, even surpassing the Othello performances of two years ago.' 38. The correct choice is B. 'With all the hype and media attention...one wondered if there was any conceivable way the actual performance could transcend all the relentless build-up. Riccardo Muti is not a musician to fail to deliver on high expectations...' 'The concert...provided a terrific exemplar to the world of the remarkable partnership of Muti and the Chicago musicians, with this riveting and combustible performance...' 39. The correct choice is A. 'The performance, which had had a relatively low-key build-up...' 40. The correct choice is B. 'The concert, which was streamed live and free on the Internet...'

Part 7

41. The correct choice is D. The first paragraph argues that man’s dominance has only emerged “in the comparatively recent past” and that the ‘game country 23. urbanise of Kenya’ puts this into context. The context is explained in Paragraph D. “In 24. fragilise Kenya’s game country, man is not yet the dominant animal”. The last sentence of Paragraph D. gives the numbers of giraffes, rhinos and lions counted in 1905 and by comparison, the numbers of these same animals that exist today appear in the Part 4 next paragraph. 25. there is little chance of sb’s doing sth (expression) = it is not likely to 42. The correct choice is G. because in the previous paragraph he “was hoping happen to see elephants” and Paragraph G. begins with him explaining why - because 26. lose no time in doing sth (expression) = do sth as quickly as possible he “finds elephants the most interesting animals to observe”. Paragraph G. also 27. such + verb + noun (noun phrase) + that clause points out that “Stories of elephants are legion” and the following paragraph re28. we use inversion in the beginning of the sentence with particular adverlates some of these stories. bial expressions such as: under no circumstances, on no account / occa43. The correct choice is F. as it continues the previous point that, although elesion, in no way etc. phants are “in some ways the most interesting”, there is a tragic side to the 29. end up doing something (phrasal verb) = do a thing or get into a state story in that “a century ago they were masters of the land. That was then, and even though you did not originally intend to. the following paragraph points out that “now pressure on elephant land is in-

22


creasing” and outlines the threats and changes that are taking place which are the cause of this problem. 44. The correct answer is A. The previous paragraph concludes that “Things must change” and Paragraph A. introduces a key change as the starting of Kenya’s wildlife sanctuaries. Also in Paragraph A. he describes a vision for the preservation of the natural environment “in our rushing, modern world” and the first sentence of the next paragraph continues on this theme with the advice that “Above all the pace at which we disturb the natural environment must slow down”. 45. The correct choice is B, which begins by saying that “Since life began the environment has been adjusting to change”. This follows on from the point in the last sentence of the previous paragraph that the environment must be given time to recover from even ‘well-controlled change’. Paragraph B. ends with the ‘moral squalor’ of the ivory trade and the next paragraph comments on human greed being ‘out of control’ to continue the point. 46. The correct choice is E. In the paragraph before E., we read that “it is our privilege” to see the glory of Kenya ‘first hand’ and Paragraph E. elaborates on how we should make the most of this privilege. At the end of Paragraph E., it’s argued that if you rush around with “a 21st- century rhythm” you won’t use this privilege to best effect and the following paragraph logically follows with the suggestion to spend more time with each animal group as a way to best use this privilege.

Part 2 7. “The marine environment is facing more problems than ever, from such conventional threats as overfishing, pollution and coastal development.” 8. “Those species most in danger include the turtle, shark, Atlantic salmon and pink coral .....” 9. “At present, specific areas within UK waters are protected according to UK and EU legislation as Marine Nature Reserves or special Areas of Conservation.” 10. “At present, the only region in which all species and their habitats are managed is a 3.3-square-kilometre area off the east coast of Lundy Island in the Bristol Channel - a mere 0.002 percent of our waters.” 11. “Organisations such as the MCS, the British Sub-aqua Club and WWFUK are currently campaigning for the creation of a network of highly protected marine reserves.” 12. “It’s quite clear that the current system is inadequate.” 13. “Not only do we need a network of protected areas, we should also manage fisheries from the perspective of biodiversity and the health of the ecosystem. Historically, we’ve always looked at these things independently, so at the policy level, fisheries aren’t integrated into the planning process. “ 14. “We need an overall strategy for marine spatial management that considers the impacts on biodiversity and ecosystems not just the stocks.”

Part 3 Part 8 47. B. “Holmes visited nearly every country on the planet”. 48. C. “a man could achieve so much and yet be so little remembered”. 49. A. “but I have a few niggles. It should really include Arctic plants, fish and invertebrates”. 50. F. “it’s a huge volume that you couldn’t take with you on holiday”. 51. E. “A careful read reveals factual errors”. 52. F. “subject matter covered in a manner more akin to the journals of a Victorian chronicler”. 53. D. “His simple explanatory captions – taken from his field notebook – are a bonus”. 54. C. “Their mutual interests were vital to the development of aerial photography as an integral part of modern geography”. 55. D. “the artists beautiful visual journey through the seasons presented in this book”. 56. B. “Holmes photographed everything”.

Listening Justifications Part 1 EXTRACT 1 1. B - He “...finds it quite astounding the way that people flock through the area to go birdwatching and yet on route they are completely oblivious to the marvel of the birds there on the Lowlands”. 2. A - Both speakers seem to know about and appreciate the starlings.

15. B - “... it’s a strange experience to attend a fox hunt these days. Strange, because they seem to operate in the same way they did before the ban.” 16. D - “I attend at least three hunts a week during the season, but that’s out of 200 that go out about twice a week. There is no way we can possibly know what is going on everywhere.” 17. C - “It’s very difficult for the police to get a successful prosecution because you have to prove intent. Trail hunting is perfectly legal, where they draw the fox by a cover. If the hounds chase, catch and kill a fox, then in order to prosecute, the police need not only evidence, but have to prove that the huntsman intended this to happen.“ 18. B - ”But the magistrate found that Black had failed to shoot the fox as soon as possible after it had been flushed, and to keep the hounds under control.” 19. B - “It was always intended to be a welfare bill” and “Basically the aim of the bill was to stop them being killed inhumanely”. 20. A - “This debate has been going on for many years, and given that there are no hard statistics on wounding rates, and that your view on the relative humaneness of being torn apart by dogs is bound to be subjective, it’s not going to be resolved in the near future.”

Part 4 Task One

21. D - “We don’t deal in anything illegal, as there are plenty of interesting creatures that can be purchased without having to break the law” so the 3. B - The man says there was a mess “around our rubbish bins” and the speaker is involved in buying and selling animals. woman says “our bins weren’t touched” so we know they must live in dif22. H - “In my work I try to capture the essence of the animal.” ferent houses, so can not be married or flatmates. 23. B - “I make a living out of wild animals in a way and I’d like to think that 4. C - The woman says that burglaries have been occurring recently, but she I’m quite knowledgeable about the animals in Africa” and “I don’t think the couldn’t see anyone. She added that luckily her cat wasn’t out that night or it tourists I escort harm the environment ...”. could have been eaten. So most likely it was a wild animal. 24. E - “...the large supermarket chains who want to pay us the absolute EXTRACT 3 minimum” and “where will they get their dairy products if we are put out of 5. C - The woman says that the landfill sites provide food for many species business?” indicate that the speaker’s trade involves supplying food prodof bird. She also comments that she doesn’t know if the council will opt for ucts. incineration instead of creating more tips, but she thinks that the smoke 25. G - “So I may get caught ... I was given a small fine last time and that from the incinerators may cause more pollution than the tips do. was it” indicates it is not a legal activity, and “I feel so strongly about this 6. A - Regarding the plans to build a new landfill site, the man says that he’s cause ..... I’m prepared to give up all my free time to protect these unfortuheard that the whole thing has been put on hold until more research can be nate creatures” shows that the speaker is trying to help and not kill animals, carried out. so choice A may be eliminated.

EXTRACT 2

23


Task Two

Part 4

26. B - “Unfortunately some people still smuggle animals into the country as people will pay a high price for them. The fact that they are endangering many species by doing this doesn’t seem to bother them.” 27. F - “In my work I try to capture the essence of the animal.“ 28. A - “If every now and then we have to shoot a threatening animal to protect our clients - well, that’s the law of the jungle as they say - I’m not going to lose any sleep over it.” 29. H - “Everything is changing - thanks largely to the huge supermarket chains who want to pay us the absolute minimum. After expenses there’s very little money left for us and they are on a huge profit.” 30. D - “If it means that I have to be in violent situations, so be it. As long as it wakes people up to what is really going on in these places.”

25. fall short of something (idiom) = to not reach an amount or standard or goal 26. we use the structure as +adjective/adverb +as to compare two similar/ identical persons or things (comparison of equality). Nowhere is used here to emphasise that Alan is a MUCH more competent pianist than Jenny. 27. it is a third type conditional which is inverted for emphasis. The phrase had it not been for can be replaced by the expression but for. 28. somebody / sth strikes sb (as being) = have an emotional or cognitive impact upon, e.g. “This behavior struck me as odd”. In simpler terms, if something ‘strikes me as .....’, it appears or seems to me to be a certain way. ‘didn’t strike me as upset’ = didn’t seem to me to be upset. 29. it is of no consequence (expression) = it is not important / significant 30. we use matter in expressions such as “ a matter of time” when we emphasize the short period of time within which sth will happen. In this case, it is only a matter of time until she loses here temper means she is bound to lose her temper and it probably won’t be long before she does. If it is a matter of time before something happens, it is inevitable that it will happen.

TEST 6 Reading and Use of English Justifications Part 2 9. never (adverb of time) = at no time in the past 10. once (adverb of time) = at one time in the past; formerly. 11. have a go (idiom) = make an attempt at something, or try something (out). 12. make a fool of oneself = to do something which makes someone feel stupid/embarrassed/foolish. 13. take oneself + adverb = consider oneself (as) sth. ‘take yourself too seriously’ = think you are very important, or have a serious demeanour and not allow yourself to have fun. 14. laugh at sb (phrasal verb) = subject sb to laughter or ridicule; tease someone 15. After all is a linking phrase which emphasizes something to be considered; 16. turn up / show up (phrasal verb) = to make an appearance; arrive

Part 3 17.

18.

Verbs

Nouns

-

order ordinate disorder orderliness

19. 20. 21.

locate mislocate dislocate picture -

22.

-

23.

-

24.

go

Adjectives

ordinary extraordinary ordered orderless disordered location local locator locatable unlocatable picture picturesque idiosyncracy idiosyncratic essence essential unessential perfectionism perfect perfecter imperfect perfectness perfection perfectionist reality real realistic unrealistic ongoing

Adverbs orderly disorderly

locally

picturesquely idiosyncratically essentially perfectly imperfectly

Part 5 31. The correct answer is B. Paragraph 1. “I try hard not to be insulted when people ask, after one or other of her sporting triumphs, ‘where on earth does she get it from?’” D. is not correct as she “tries hard not to be insulted” when people comment on her daughter. She only mentions her daughter’s enthusiasm for various sports without expressing her feelings, so A. and C. are incorrect. 32. The correct answer is C. Paragraph 2. “I was reminded just how dire school sport was for me”, which means A. and D. can’t be correct. She visited the school with her daughter but she only talks about sport and doesn’t mention the purpose of the visit, so B. is incorrect. 33. The correct answer is D. Paragraph 4. “Girls feel self-conscious exercising in front of people”. C. is obviously wrong. Sports facilities are not mentioned so B. is not correct. The figures tell us how the girls felt but not the level of interest so A. is not right. 34. The correct answer is D. Paragraph 4. “We need to think about ways of exercising within the school curriculum which makes sure that girls feel comfortable”, which means A. can’t be right. Competition in sports is not referred to so B. is not correct and as the role of teachers is not mentioned, C. is incorrect. 35. The correct answer is C. Paragraph 6. “She was unapologetic about the lack of sporting facilities on offer”, which means A. can’t be right. B. is incorrect because once the girls excelled academically, success at sport ‘didn’t matter’. The school had some sports but we don’t know if the headmistress discouraged sports so D. is not correct. 36. The correct answer is B. Paragraph 6. Following the speech by the headmistress the writer says, “My daughter sneered and whispered that she would never go to a school that didn’t take sport seriously”. She didn’t speak to the headmistress so it’s not A. She wasn’t impressed only because the school didn’t take sport seriously so it’s not C. She wants to leave right away because sport was not important, not because she was intimidated so D. is incorrect.

Part 6 really realistically unrealistically -

37. The correct choice is B. 'Could Jude Law be as good in the role as David Tennant...so far as I'm concerned, is that it's a squeaker - and that Mr Law is just ahead on points...The company has been strangely miscast.' 38. The correct choice is A. Reviewer A does not find fault in the production, however, Reviewer B, comments, '...Wyndham's production is not a patch on the RSC show...' whilst Reviewer C comments that Law and the production are not up to standard with '...a few off-key notes (more notably, in the production, itself).' Reviewer D similarly finds fault with the production, stating, '...Grandage's speedy production...is looking just a bit over repetitive...'

24


39. The correct choice is D. 'But we have to give the contest on points, if not quite a knockout, to Tennant.' 40. The correct choice is C. 'Law...making more compelling viewing than Tennant, in the end.’

Vinci's mural to paint his own commissioned painting without damaging Da Vinci's.

EXTRACT 2 3. B - He says “It was same old Rambo stuff really, wasn’t it?”. 4. A - She says “I wouldn’t mind buying the soundtrack”.

Part 7

EXTRACT 3

41. The correct choice is D, which responds to the question asked in the previous paragraph about gardens and art by expressing curiosity at the small number of ‘depictions of gardens in British art’, despite the British obsession with gardens. The paragraph ends with a reference to fishing and DIY, points taken up in the following paragraph. 42. The correct choice is G. In the previous paragraph the question “where are the major artworks” is posed and Paragraph G. follows up with some examples of ‘favourite paintings’. The first sentence of the next paragraph states the exhibition adopts a low-key approach instead of the ‘razzmatazz’ normally associated with prestigious galleries like the Tate. 43. The correct choice is B, which expresses the view that gardens are “an escape from the rational world of work” or somewhere for people to ‘play at being children’. These impressions make perfect sense in the context of gardens being the ‘quiet, dreamlike places’ referred to in the previous paragraph. 44. The correct choice is F, which gives examples of more recent gardens in contrast to Monet’s garden, referred to in the previous paragraph as being “created so long ago”. A. might be considered as it begins with a reference to Monet’s garden but, as ‘Jarman’ is mentioned and the following paragraph refers to him by his full name, A. would not be the correct choice. 45. The correct choice is A. because the previous paragraph introduces Derek Jarman’ garden and it refers to Jarman’s garden in comparison to Monet’s. Paragraph A. ends with a reference to the popularity of ‘revolving toilet seats’ with Japanese tourists, and the following paragraph begins with ‘But tourist attractions aside”, to make the point about what gardens say about artists. 46. The correct choice is C. The previous paragraph discusses a minimalist, approach, how “a single flower can fill a whole canvas” or an “impressionistic interpretation...where shape and form are loose and sketchy”. Paragraph C. follows by contrasting this with the ‘intricately detailed work’ of Sir Stanley Spencer. The next paragraph continues with what can be inferred about an artist’s character, to follow up on the ‘messy house’ and ‘untidy garden’ at the end of Paragraph C.

5. C - The woman says “I’m completely in awe of the intrepid chaps who go out against waves as big as a house”. 6. A - The man says “Your average man or woman off the street couldn’t take up sailing for a hobby ... It’s an expensive pastime”.

Part 2 7. “A major new exhibition traces the decline of the absolute monarchy and rise of the Enlightenment that swept through Northern Europe in the 18th and 19th centuries, and shows how portraits reflected the revolutionary changes of that era.” 8. “Called “Citizens and Kings”, the show at London’s Royal Academy of Arts gathers works by artists like Goya, Ingres, Joshua Reynolds, JaquesLouis David and Thomas Gainsborough.” 9. “Philosophers, naturalists and poets became favoured subjects along with the tools of their trade ...” 10. “According to Mary Anne Stevens, exhibition curator, the intention of the exhibition was to survey ....' 11. “The first room shows a 1789 painting of France’s Louis XVI .... Four years later he would be executed a few months before his wife, Marie Antoinette.” 12. George Washington, in a painting by Gilbert Stuart dated around 1800, wears a sober black outfit and stands back with a large hat, quill and inkwell for writing and two historic books in his hands. 13. “Significant political changes become clear when comparing two portraits of women separated by just one year.” 14. “... including the scientist James Hutton in a distinctly unglamorous pose next to fossils and shells that signify his scientific discoveries.”

Part 3

15. C - The interviewer says “I am certainly no expert.” 16. A - “Ancient Yogis had a belief that in order for man to be in harmony with himself and his environment, he has to integrate the body, the mind and the spirit. For these three to be integrated, emotion, action and intelliPart 8 gence must be in balance.” 47. D “Bury may well live to regret their foolhardy action”. 17. C - “The important thing is your attitude - a big heart and a small ego. 48. F. “this is an eclectic mix of treasures”. Some loose fitting clothes and a small secluded spot in your house will be 49. B. “Each picture takes weeks and sometimes months”. enough for you to start with ... A four hour interval between meals is ad50. C. “The seascapes are haunting and elemental while the landscapes are vised.” more reflective”. 18. D - “How can we know if someone really knows what they are talking 51. E. “a series of paintings at the gallery depicting last year’s previous ex- about or if it’s dangerous to follow their advice? I mean, it seems to me that hibitions”. you could do yourself a lot of damage if you don’t know what you are doing 52. A. “a terrain smarting from the brute force of man’s misuse of it”. and there isn’t a professional instructor to keep an eye on you.” 53. D “ auctioned a major painting by LS. Lowry so as to cover a £10 mil- 19. B - “... practising yoga, breathing and meditation exercises at night lion shortfall”. helps induce a deep, restful sleep.” 54. B. “cave paintings and images from Jain temples inspired him”. 20. D - “Yoga encourages you to reflect on yourself and to find your inner 55. E. “Each painting should hang at the very spot from which the image peace. It exercises not just your body but your mind as well.” was taken, enabling the viewer”. Part 4 56. C “emerged from deep within his psyche and are a highly imaginative Task One response to a coastal terrain familiar to the artist”. 21. G - Speaker 1 says smoking is something “... I preach about to my paListening Justifications tients” and so must be a doctor. Part 1 22. D - “Passengers love to chat so it’s a great sport to tell people about”. D EXTRACT 1 or H would have passengers, but people are not usually able to chat with a 1. C - “... your unassuming manner and typical professor’s appearance pilot which eliminates H. couldn’t be further from Harrison Ford’s image.” 23. B - “During term time, I sometimes think of those moments and yearn 2. B - Seracini says that it looks like Vasari probably put a wall in front of Da for them when a group of loud teenagers are giving me a headache!”

25


24. F - “I’m on the go all the time”... “no warm van for me on my round” A round is a route where someone makes deliveries, for example the post round or the milk round. 25. A - “It’s a bit like when I decide on the right amount of an ingredient for a recipe.”

24.

associate disassociate

Task Two 26. D - “This sport keeps me fit and absolutely doesn’t allow me to smoke, which is something I preach about to my patients all the time but I have struggled to completely quit myself.” 27. A - “Diving can take you to places you never knew existed. Like many people say, ‘it’s a different world down there’ ”. 28. H - “There are countless challenging vertical ice walls one can choose from.” 29. F - “Beginning [beginner] snowboarders are the ones who normally get injured ... This is because they haven’t learned how to maintain a stable stance on the snowboard yet and are thus more likely to lose balance and fall.” 30. C - “There are strict guidelines governing jumps and the most important is the calculation of the length of the cord, its elasticity and the height of the jump. You need to know the impact on the cord from the fall of the person.”


association associate associateship disassociation

associative associate associable unassociated associatory disassociated

associatively

Part 4 25. somebody / sth strikes sb as (being) = has an emotional or cognitive impact on. If somebody or something strikes you as strange, it seems or appears strange to you. 26. not so much ... as = comparison of equality 27. the expressions it’s high time and its about time are always followed by unreal past for emphasis. If it is high time we started doing something, we need to start doing it urgently. 28. for fear of something (idiom) = out of fear of something happening; because of the fear of something happening; in case something happens 29. given that = past participle of the verb give used here as an adjective with the meaning granted as a supposition; acknowledged or assumed 30. we use inversion in the main clause with particular words and expressions such as only by, only after, only when, not until etc.

Part 5

31. The correct answer is B. Paragraph 1. “trainers are something you wear to look cool rather than run in”. A. and D. are obviously wrong. Healthy 609. need to do sth = be obliged to, it is necessary to year-olds and younger people are compared but there’s no reference about 10. especially (adverb of manner) = in particular; specifically, particularly how healthy older people were in the past compared to now so C. is not 11. the + superlative degree. Most has a positive meaning correct. 12. who = relative pronoun refers to people 32. The correct answer is D. paragraph 3. “parents have a role to play...It al13. in most cases (expression) = in most situations ways amazed me how many pupils would come with a note from home ex14. nothing is used here in order for the sentence to have a negative meancusing them from PE without good reason”. ‘Parents’ write the notes so it ing. To have nothing ot do with sth = not to be related to it in any way. can’t be A. There is no reference to parents’ sporting skills or sports facili15. more than = comparative is always followed by the word than. ties so B. and C. are not correct. 16. While is used as a conjunction with the meaning at the same time that; 33. The correct answer is A. Paragraph 4. “That’s why we’re looking to supor although port sports such as skateboarding and other street sports, which young people are increasingly interested in”. C. is obviously wrong. B. is not correct as, he says, they should not exclusively “promote the old traditional Part 3 sports”. It’s not D. because ‘street sports’ are not extreme sports. 34. The correct answer is A. Paragraph 7. “teenagers.....live for today not toVerbs Nouns Adjectives Adverbs morrow so the importance of keeping fit for the future may be lost on them”. resistance resistant resistibly 17. resist Exercise helps concentration when studying so B. is not correct. C. is clearly resister resistible resistingly wrong. Taking part in sport can be “useful for social contact” Paragraph 8, resistibility irresistible but participation with friends is not mentioned so D. is not correct. addict addiction addictive 18. 35. The correct answer is C. Paragraph 9. “setting a good example helps addict addicted too. It’s no good telling your child to get up and be active if you are slouchobesity obese obesely 19. ing in front of the TV”. “Inspiration comes from improved appearance, independence dependable dependently 20. depend creased muscle mass and social contact,” Paragraph 8, which means A. dependant dependent independently and B. are incorrect. D. is wrong, as banning TV is not proposed. independence independent dependably 36. The correct answer is B. Paragraph 9. “if they are still adamant it’s not for dependency them try to find an alternative rather than insisting they carry on or just give dependableness up”. C. is obviously wrong. A. is not correct as you can try a course without dependability paying the full amount. The cost of sports is not discussed so it’s not D. expense inexpensive expensively 21. expense

Part 2

22.

resist

23.

indulge

resistance resister resistibility indulgence indulger indulgent

expensive expensed expenseless resistant resistible irresistible indulgent

Part 6 37. The correct choice is C. 'I think it appealed to Gordon because it's Lonresistibly resistingly indulgingly indulgently

don's version of Brooklyn: edgy, but without the West End's gleam and swagger.' 38. The correct choice is B. 'He's the tallest of poppies, our Gordon; everybody lining up to give him a trampling.' 39. The correct choice is A. '...the so-what-ishness of this rather brand new restaurant.'

26


40. The correct choice is D. '...the fact that Union Street Cafe is doing brisk trade, proves that Ramsay himself retains impressive pulling power.'

Listening Justifications Part 1 EXTRACT 1

Part 7 41. The correct choice is C, which is general in theme and begins with “passion can be as simple as teaching children to play football” in answer to the point in the last sentence of the previous paragraph that “passion doesn’t always have to involve amazing, earth-shattering feats”. 42. The correct choice is G. as it deals with the necessity for each of us to find the ‘emotional force’ referred to in the previous paragraph, and ends with “something that will ignite a spark”, a theme continued in the first sentence of the next paragraph. 43. The correct choice is E, because it mentions ‘passionate people in the public eye’, continuing the central idea of the previous paragraph about celebrities becoming involved in ‘good causes’. The end of Paragraph E. discusses the struggle to feel passionate and this leads in to the ‘ebb and flow’ of passion in the following paragraph. 44. The correct choice is A, as it gives a pro-active example of ‘making oneself feel passionate’ to support the last point in the previous paragraph that “we have a lot of control”. Paragraph A. ends by outlining one of the benefits of ‘enthusiastic behaviour’ and the next paragraph begins with another ‘important’ benefit, in relation to living longer. 45. The correct choice is F, as the paragraph before suggests we do something for our health, to “change, make, become” and Paragraph F. advises how to go about this and to include enjoyable activities and interests that boost your energy, which is positive from a health perspective. The next paragraph continues the theme stating “Every one of us has an interest in something”, although our busy schedule may prevent us from pursuing it. 46. The correct choice is B, which suggests “trying tasters in subjects you are interested in”, and responds to the question at the end of the previous paragraph “what if you don’t know where your passion lies”. The last paragraph follows up the idea of trying a range of activities with the suggestion that whatever you do “the main thing is to find something”.

Part 8 47. D. “As there are no symptoms until it causes disease, many people with high cholesterol may not be aware they have it”. 48. C. “it is unnecessary and potentially harmful to exclude them from the diet”. 49. E. “the virtual trainer gives feedback via emails and texts – perfect for the self-con(s)cious exerciser”. 50. A. “one in three men and one in five women admit that they don’t wash their hands after going to the toilet”. 51. E. “online coaches offer a valuable compromise when it comes to training. First they are a cost-effective alternative. Second, they represent a more flexible option”. 52. B. “overusing painkillers leads to changes in the way the brain handles pain signals”. 53. C. “nutrition experts are quick to point out that there’s no evidence to support it”. 54. F. “it’s about editing your life to remove the reasons you are drinking too much”. 55. B. “ People must not assume that over the counter drugs are safe because clearly this is not the case”. 56. D. “There’s a lot of publicity about the dangers of having ‘high cholesterol’ at the moment – mainly from companies that make special food that claim to lower it”.

1. B - “I thought it would be worth it to do a bit of mother-daughter bonding.” 2. A - “I was worse than I thought and I really felt like the class dunce.”

EXTRACT 2 3. A - “hate jogging especially as it rains so much in this country and I’d miss so many mornings by hiding in bed instead of getting up for a run.” 4. C - “I don’t really believe in New Year’s resolutions myself, but anything that spurs people on to improve their life in some way has to be a good thing.”

EXTRACT 3 5. C - “I decided to take little Susan skating because I’d found my old skates while I was clearing out the loft ... I was dying to see if I still had what it takes.“ 6. A - “It was hard work. I really worked up a sweat.”

Part 2 7. “Panic attacks are the subconscious mind’s ‘fight or flight’ response to what it perceives to be a threatening situation. “ 8. “The first physical sign is usually heart palpitations.” 9. “It’s worth buying a diary so that you can record any negative thoughts you have about a situation before it happens.“ 10. “Although your immediate anxiety will decrease if you run away, this might lead to increased anxiety in the future, so it’s the worst thing you can do. 11. “Active relaxation involves tensing for a few seconds and then relaxing, in turn, every muscle that you can think of in your body...” 12. “An attack can be treated very simply by breathing in and out with a paper bag held to your mouth.” 13. “Holding your breath for as long as possible can also help prevent loss of carbon dioxide. If you can hold your breath for between 10 and 15 seconds, and repeat this a few times, it will be sufficient to calm hyperventilation. 14. “Try a natural remedy such as camomile tea which works on the same brain receptors as anti-anxiety drugs, or the herb, Valerian or aconite which can ease the effects of acute panic attacks.”

Part 3 15. A - “Your friendship landscape changes through life.” 16. D - “the downside with this foul-weather friend is that they’ll put a dampener on you when you’re up, forever pointing out what can go wrong.” 17. B - “Beware if being with them makes you behave falsely so that you are not true to yourself or to others. This situation can only lead to a downfall and great disappointment.” 18. A - “She can be a powerful ally, but because she’ll be there whether you like it or not, she has the power to make you miserable if you don’t keep her informed and involved in your life.” 19. C - “Good friends should be low maintenance” this means they should not be a lot of work. 20. C - “Don’t force the pace. Some people need time to get to know you better. It’s best to be pleasant and casual. Don’t bombard them with too many invitations. Respect their time and other commitments ... “

Part 4 Task One 21. D - “the same goes for the children at work” so we know speaker one works with children. Her job keeps her both mentally and physically fit. 22. F - “... at the hospital where I work” and “I spend most of the day sitting down....”. A Receptionist’s is a sedentary job that would be necessary in a hospital. 23. E - “We chat all day, especially to the customers” and “restocking shelves” so speaker 3 must work in a shop.

27


24. A - “...my job is all about changing or improving a person’s image. I get real pleasure from holding up a mirror and making someone smile.” 25. H - “I’m out in the fresh air every day and doing a physical job...” Task Two 26. G - “I didn’t realise that depression is a treatable illness. I just thought that I was going crazy and at the same time I was getting bigger and bigger. If only I’d gone to the doctor earlier, I could have recovered sooner.” 27. A - “There’s quite a sense of camaraderie there too as lots of people are in the same boat.” 28. E - “The staff canteen is a disaster area for anyone trying to lose weight. ... When it’s someone’s birthday there are extra cakes and chocolates on the scene ...” 29. B - “...that’s what inspired me to lose weight really as I want to look my best to create a good impression when a client walks thorough the door...” 30. F - “I’m so tired when I get home that I collapse in front of the TV with a takeaway and have a few drinks. Even at lunchtime I tend to grab a burger in between houses and the clients often bring me out tea and biscuits or a slice of cake.”


Part 4 25. the least (that) they can do is = the + superlative + that clause + verb to be 26. some common techniques to paraphrase a sentence include substituting words or phrases for their synonyms or changing the word class (from verb to noun phrase).In this particular case there is a combination of both techniques and there is a change to the objects of the sentence (direct / indirect) 27. there is little prospect/chance of sb’s doing sth (expression) = it is not likely to happen 28. When the verbs believe, consider, expect, know, say, suppose and their synonyms, like the verb think in this particular case, are used in the passive form, they are then followed by to + infinitive(in the correct tense - here: infinitive in the present perfect tense). Bring about (phrasal verb) = cause to happen 29. have an / (no) intention of doing something (expression) = intend; aim to do something, or set out to do something 30. sth is on somebody’s mind (expression) = if something is on someone’s mind, they are thinking about it a lot

Part 5

31. The correct answer is D. Paragraph 2. “Students still, by and large, take exams in much the same way as they always have”. Technology is part of 9. in earnest (idiom) = seriously; with a purposeful intent the exam system so A. is incorrect. The future direction is being discussed 10. right (adverb of manner) = exactly; just so ‘revolution’ is too extreme, ruling out B. The invigilator ‘makes sure no 11. The cardinal number “one” followed by the preposition of +plural noun one is texting’ so C. is not correct. separates a thing from the whole. (One of the main reasons) 32. The correct answer is B. Paragraph 3, because they are more experi12. himself is a reflexive pronoun and is used here after the name for emenced they can deal with “more nuanced, longer answers”. Retired examinphasis ers have stopped working so A. is wrong. Age is not mentioned so C. is 13. like (preposition) = same as incorrect and students are not involved in marking, ruling out D. 14. by no means (idiom) = in no sense; certainly not 33. The correct answer is B. “best markers don’t have to be wasted” is A. 15. the coming years = the years ahead, the near future It’s ‘cheaper’ D, and questions “can be marked automatically” is C. 16. partly / mainly (adverbs of degree) = in part or to some degree; not 34. The correct answer is C. Paragraph 5. “it’s hard to get an accurate feel completely. of exactly what a student does and doesn’t know”. There are no complaints about the work so A. can’t be right. Checking “a few questions from each Part 3 paper” doesn’t mean they do less work so it’s not B. It’s not D, as we know Verbs Nouns Adjectives Adverbs the system ‘makes it much harder’ to assess students. satisfaction satisfactory satisfyingly 17. satisfy 35. The correct answer is C. Paragraph 8. “most people associate multiple dissatisfy satisfier unsatisfactory satisfactorily choice with dumbing down”. A. is obviously wrong. It can be done online satisfyingness dissatisfied unsatisfactorily but there’s no comment about ‘reducing writing skills’ as a result, so B. is satisfiable not correct. The system is ‘almost’ foolproof, which implies it’s not perfect satisfying so D. is incorrect. satisfied 36. The correct answer is D. Paragraph 9. “an examiner can now tell unsatisfied whether someone just got lucky by ticking the right box or actually underrevelation revealable revealingly 18. reveal stood the process by which he or she was being assessed”. A. can’t be revealer revealing right because ‘an examiner can tell the difference’. B. is incorrect as medrevealability ical students must pass a multiple choice question to become a doctor. C. end endless endlessly 19. end is wrong as no comparison is made with other methods of assessment.

Part 2

20. 21.

remark trace

22.

develop

23.

refine

24.

-

ending ender remark trace traceability development

refinement refiner refinery awareness unawareness

unending

Part 6 remarkable traceable untraceable developing developed developable unrefined refinable

remarkably traceably

aware unaware

-

-

refinably

37. The correct choice is B. '...here is a band whose music long ago abandoned any pretensions to commerciality...' 'In one of the O2's numerous chain restaurants, menus announce that it's Radiohead Night; quite how the dread-filled, agitated sound found on their last album, King Of Limbs, squares with bourbon-glazed baby back ribs...remains open to question...' 38. The correct choice is C. 'There’s a tendency to over-rationalise the music of Radiohead...' 39. The correct choice is D. 'Their heyday alas is now long gone.’ 40. The correct choice is B. '...here is a band whose music long ago abandoned any pretensions to commerciality...'

28


Part 7

EXTRACT 2

41. The correct choice is C, which introduces us to Professor Robin Murphy as she is applauded by scientists following the ‘brief demonstration’ outlined in the opening paragraph. The following paragraph describes her as she answers questions from the scientists attending the demonstration. 42. The correct choice is G. because it tells us why she was featured in January’s “Discover” magazine, referred to in the last sentence of the previous paragraph. The following paragraph points out she “is in demand these days” because of her work after what she did at the World Trade Centre, described in paragraph G. 43. The correct choice is D. In the previous paragraph we’re told that “she gets the knowledge to make her robots successful” in the field. Paragraph D. to explain the success, tells us that herself and her students “don’t actually build the robots” but “create software programmes and adapt them to search and rescue”. The following paragraph gives an example where the robots are ‘deployed at a moment’s notice’ referred to at the end of Paragraph D. 44. The correct choice is A. This paragraph provides background information, explaining how her interest in science developed, describing her education and then her work on artificial intelligence, a theme continued in the following paragraph “Later her work began to gain attention when she was a professor at the Colorado School of Mines”. 45. The correct choice is F, which describes the workshop referred to in the previous paragraph as being “full of innovations”. We’re also told that the purpose is to “help rescue workers learn what’s possible” and the following paragraph, to follow up on this subject, explains how “robot-assisted search and rescue began”. 46. The correct choice is B. The previous paragraph relates the fact that her team’s response to 9/11 was immediate but they “were not accepted right away” because (Paragraph B.) “they had trouble getting through the police lines”. Paragraph B goes on to describe the involvement of the robots in 9/11 as ‘remarkably effective’.

3. C - “....who knows what method of detection they’ll dream up next.” 4. A - “Someone could have left DNA at a crime scene and be a suspect but they may not have committed the crime, especially if they know the victim. No system is foolproof.”

EXTRACT 3 5. B - “Jimmy doesn’t seem to communicate with me anymore. If he’s not out with his friends, he’s in his bedroom doing goodness knows what on the Internet.” 6. A - “You are always at work and when you come home you are so tired that you fall asleep in front of the TV after dinner. You have no idea what his interests are.”

Part 2 7. “A hi-tech security screening system, designed to detect guns and other offensive weapons concealed on the body...” 8. “...to protect peoples’ modesty, they come replete with “fig-leaf technology” that detects which parts of the body need screening out.” 9. “The technology was originally developed by the Ministry of Defence to use in military helicopters to enable pilots to see through fog.“ 10. “The technology is also expected to show the presence of heart pacemakers and metal pins that have been used to help mend broken bones.” 11. “Airport operators will be thoroughly screened to ensure their motives are not voyeuristic.” 12. “They believe it will cut significant waits for security screening at airports, and dispense with ‘pat down’ searches by security guards.” 13. “ ‘It has the ability to penetrate natural materials,’ said one expert.” 14. “The technology has already been successfully piloted at British ports, where scanners have seen through lorry walls to detect illegal immigrants being smuggled into Britain.”

Part 3

15. C - “It is part of human nature to strive to grow and develop intellectually and so there is an innate interest in where our children and grandchildren 47. B. “However, “memorable” and “original” are two words I can’t in all and great grandchildren will end up.” sincerity, use to describe it”. 16. B - “Aldous Huxley wrote Brave New World in 1932 while he was living 48. F. “the invaders hammer both sides indiscriminately but end up unitin France and England. By this time, Huxley had already established himself ing the humans against them”. as a writer and social satirist.” 49. B. “The prologue is terrible; the epilogue is surprisingly good”. 17. D - “Wells’ optimistic vision of the future gave Huxley the idea to begin 50. E. “political dissidents are rounded up and sent to the Maze, a top se- writing a parody of the novel. Contrary to the most popular optimistic cret research facility, to provide experimental hosts for military nanotech”. utopian novels of the time, Huxley sought to provide a frightening vision of 51. C. “a woman who can send messages coded in pain back to Earth by the future.” jabbing herself in the arm”. 18. D - He was “outraged by the culture of youth, commercial cheeriness 52. F. “A section at the end caps the story with historical notes and a revela- and inward-looking nature of many of the people...”. tion that you may guess before, but which you should still find entertaining”. 19. A - “There was a fear of Americanisation in Europe....” 53. A. “Gifts is a coming of age story”. 20. C - The sex-hormone chewing gum in the novel is a parody of the ubiq54. A. “intended at a guess, as a book for young teenagers, and as such uitous chewing gum which is something of a symbol of America .... as well has to be written with scrupulous care. In this respect it is exemplary”. as the jazz music they listened to which seemed quite anarchic to Huxley” 55. E. “I think it might be all the flashbacks – Gallon is the only viewpoint Part 4 character and his story is intercut with lengthy scenes from his time in the Task One Maze, which he has escaped from”. 56. D. “situates the characters first in the Victorian London of Jack the Rip- 21. E - “...I use these for large murals...”; the speaker paints with spray per and later in the crumbling metropolis of a modern Babylon, existing in a paint, so must be an artist. 22. H - the speaker works “outside in the weather and dealing with the cattle”. parallel dimension”. 23. B - “I have a lot of free time now”, “I used to have a dog but I don’t have Listening Justifications the energy to walk one now...” and “I’m very tempted to spend some of my Part 1 retirement fund.....” all suggest the speaker is a pensioner. EXTRACT 1 24. D - “Until I get a salary, I can’t afford a car...” and “Maybe I should be a 1. C - The man asks if Pam really needs to check everything three times be- postal worker...” both indicate that the speaker is unemployed. fore she leaves. 25. C - ...”especially when I suspect someone is being aggressive towards 2. B - “Well, we’ve got a lot to do today so I suggest we get the ‘must dos’ a relative. My job is pretty stressful at times and it’s hard to get the truth out over and done with first.” of people expecially when they are frightened of the consequences....”

Part 8

29


Task Two 26. H - “I get a lot of criticism for using aerosols but I don’t drive a car so my contribution to the pollution problem is a lot less than most people I know so I don’t lose sleep over it. “ 27. C - “Denim is everywhere and is a great equaliser of class as the poorest kid on the street to the wealthiest film star wears jeans.” 28. E - “It works on voice recognition so you really do feel like you are the master and it has its own personality, like a real pet.” 29. A - “Leonardo da Vinci actually designed a bicycle in 1490, although it was never made. Mind you, he seemed to draw just about every modern invention hundreds of years before they were actually invented.” 30. G - “It’s often what they don’t say that gives the game away.”

28. (It) (really) doesn’t matter to me (expression) = I do not care, or it is not important to me. 29. have (a good / no) chance of + ing = (phrase) there is/is not a great likelihood / possibility of something happening 30. no way of +ing (idiom) = no way of knowing/telling

Part 5

31. The correct answer is B. Paragraph 3. “If a driver’s got a disabled badge, you write that there’s no badge”. If there’s a visitor’s permit, sometimes you ignore it”. C. is obviously wrong. Nicknam was sacked so it’s not D. It’s not A. as the tickets are not given to ‘disabled drivers’. 32. The correct answer is C. Paragraph 4. “he found grounds to ticket only five or six cars “legally” in a typical day, rather than the ten or more he says his superiors expected”. A. is incorrect as he was “sacked after three months probation”. It’s not B. as he was fired for ‘not’ giving out illegal tickReading and Use of English Justifications ets. D. is not correct as he was required to issue ten tickets, “if he wanted a Part 2 permanent job”. 9. not is used as a logical operator to express negation, denial, refusal, or 33. The correct choice is A. paragraph 4. “I said I believed in God. I asked prohibition. my supervisors, ‘how do you sleep?”. B., C. and D. are obviously wrong. 10. for instance (linking word) = as an example; for example. 34. The correct answer is B. Paragraph 5. “At stake is public confidence in 11. out of thin air (idiom) = out of nowhere, out of nothing; suddenly the entire system of parking enforcement”, which is a threat to the system 12. rather (usually followed by than) is used when you are contrasting two meaning C. is wrong. We only know Nicknam was fired so D. is incorrect. things or situations. The one introduced with rather than is usually not true Claims about dishonest practices have been made by other PAs so A. is inor preferable. correct. 13. do one’s biding (expression) = obey somebody’s command 35. The correct answer is C. Paragraph 7. “Yet by any standards, the busi14. When using neither in a balanced construction that negates two parts of ness of ticketing, clamping and removing cars is booming as never before”. a sentence, nor must be used in the second clause: e.g. She is neither able Business is booming but it’s not stated if it’s from illegal ticketing so A. is nor willing to go.Similarly, when negating the second of two negative inde- incorrect. The RAC only made a comment so it’s not B. The RAC sees it as pendent clauses, nor must be used. a ‘way to raise money, rather than a policy issue’ so D. is wrong. 15. make use of someone or something ( idiom) = to utilize someone or 36. The correct answer is B. Paragraph 11. “Nobody now has faith in the something system. I certainly don’t”. A. and C. are obviously wrong. The concluding 16. being ( gerund/present participle) = used as a noun; it’s the subject of language is ‘matter of fact’ rather than passionate so D. is not correct. the sentemce

TEST 9

Part 6 Part 3 Verbs 17. 18. -

19.

precede

20. 21.

specialise

22.

practice

23.

oppose

24.

go

Part 4

Nouns

Adjectives

Adverbs

environment reality realness realist realism precedence precedent

environmental real realistic unrealistic

environmentally really realistically unrealistically

unprecedented precedable preceding particular particular specialisation special specialty practicality practical impracticality practicable impractical opposition opposite opposer opposing oppositive ongoing

unprecedentedly

particularly especially practically

opposingly

-

37. The correct choice is D. All the reviewers, except Reviewer D make comparisons with other musicals. Reviewer A, compares the musical with others previously seen, remarking, 'Billy Elliot strikes me as the greatest British musical I have ever seen and I have not forgotten Lionel Bart's Oliver! or Andrew Lloyd Webber's Phantom of the Opera.' Reviewer B states that '...The Full Monty...lost all of its gritty truth when musicalised. But Billy Elliot succeeds brilliantly...' '...dance is used to express narrative in a way that evokes West Side Story.' Finally, Reviewer C, remarks, 'Not since Blood Brothers first opened in 1983, has there been a new British musical to combine social commentary with a heartfelt story of adolescence, as powerfully and melodically as Billy Elliot.' 38. The correct choice is B. '...the nationalisation of the coal industry ends with the collapse of the 1984 miners' strike. Billy's aspirations have been realised, but a local community faces ruin. It is the tension between those two facts that gives the musical its drive.' 39. The correct choice is C. '...the rites-of-passage journey the show charts of an 11-year-old boy transcending his working class background to gain admittance to the Royal Ballet School - is played out against the background of the 1984 Miners' Strike, implying the fierceness of Billy's own struggle.' 40. The correct choice is A. '...there are rough edges that would give Cameron Mackintosh a fit of the vapours, yes, there are occasional scenes that are not as powerfully played as those in the film.'

Part 7

25. had no difficulty (in) making + ing = it’s followed by: in -ing 41. The correct choice is B, as we learn from it that three people entered the 26. wish (he) would stop +ing = wish can also be used with would to exroom. Patricia, mentioned in the beginning of Paragraph B, is the third person press a desire that someone do something differently( stop + ing) because Gregory and the old doctor are introduced in the first paragraph. Fur27. may be facing closure =maybe + ing + noun ther on in Paragraph B, Patricia gives a knife to the doctor, who begins using it

30


in the following paragraph “wrestling the knife back and forth forcibly”. 42. The correct choice is G. In the previous paragraph Gregory takes the knife from the doctor and begins using it. Then in Paragraph G, continuing the part about the knife, Patricia asks about trying another knife but “Gregory had managed to insert the point of his knife under the wax rim”. Gregory notices ‘a sudden movement’ at the end of Paragraph G. and the next paragraph tells us “It was the doctor” and he brushes past Gregory to grab a mallet. 43. The correct choice is E. because in the first sentence we read that “the jar smashed” which is as a result of the doctor hitting ‘the bomblu’ (clay jar) with the mallet, described at the end of the previous paragraph. In the following paragraph, Patricia asks the doctor why he did it and the doctor turns to look “at the broken pieces of clay at his feet”. 44. The correct choice is A. In the previous paragraph the doctor sees the vinegar on the floor and says “It’s blood” and in Paragraph A. Patricia asks why he’d said ‘blood’ and why he’d smashed the jar. Gregory speculates that perhaps “he couldn’t bear to wait any longer” and this is taken up by Patricia in the next paragraph “We all waited a week for this” and she repeats the question about why he said blood. 45. The correct choice is D. The previous paragraph ends with Patricia flicking “ineffectually at her jeans” leading in to paragraph D. where Gregory can’t tell, presumably from her actions, whether she is “disappointed or glad” they discovered nothing. The paragraph finishes “But he was surprised” and the reason for his surprise is explained in the next paragraph he didn’t find what he expected. 46. The correct choice is C. “You had imagined it”, Patricia responds to the details of what they expected to find given in the previous paragraph, to which Gregory answers yes. At the end of Paragraph C. Patricia touches his arm and says “I know” and the following paragraph begins with Gregory wondering “How could she possibly know”.

Part 8 47. A. “Keira Knightley gives “her best performance yet”....although she was eventually beaten to the globe by Reese Witherspoon”. 48. D. “a world-weary ex-marine sniper gets drawn into a plot to assassinate the US president”. 49. C. “this film is full of heart, unfortunately the mishmash of storylines and speechifying doesn’t go down any easier on the small screen”. 50. F. “there was the matter of how to age convincingly on screen”. 51. E. “throughout the film, Nair picks on scenes that resonate with her own experiences of coming to America” 52. F. “trying to avoid a dry historical re-enactment of Wilberforce’s life”. 53. E. “director Mira Nair drew on her own experiences for this poignant family saga”. 54. B. “but for fans of the TV series, it’s the perfect escape on a wet fternoon”. 55. D. “Co-star Michael Pepa was apparently thrilled at the chance to shoot people”. 56. D. “Yes, there is a high body count”.

EXTRACT 3 5. B - “...I too have been trying to make the effort to be healthier...but I simply go to the gym three times a week and try to cut back on the donuts! What you are doing is rather extreme.” 6. B - “And then when I finish I am always so proud of myself. That’s why I’m going to run the marathon. I can only assume the feeling of accomplishment will be stronger.”

Part 2 7. “Easy riding, just slightly challenging for someone who is far from ‘20 something’... “ 8. “After much puffing and huffing, I reached the top of the hill and stopped for a swig of water and a look around. “ 9. “I thought to myself: If I ride down the hill, and go really wide, I can move the calf towards the corner where the gate is.” 10. “Then the only thing to worry about is sandy holes that suck in your tires.” 11. “They bring you to a dead stop which throws the rider over the top of your handlebars to land painfully on prickly-pear swords.” 12. However, when one is riding through the unmarked wilderness of a cow pasture, trying in vain to keep a calf in sight who is running in fear of his life from the crazy lady on a mountain bike...” 13. “I gamely pedaled through the sage brush once again - now uphill.“ 14. “So I chased him again. Of course this was all uphill and probably took a good hour...and I ended up losing the little monster.”

Part 3 15. B - “In 1983, the National Space Development Agency of Japan announced that it would recruit three Japanese astronauts in order to conduct the first Japanese space experiments aboard the Space Shuttle. I applied for it and that was the start of my career.” 16. C. “Three months after I was selected by NASDA in 1985, the Challenger accident occurred. I became extremely depressed since I felt the future of space development looked dark.” 17. A. “In this line of work you must be true to yourself. In space, we encounter unexpected things so you must be able to believe in yourself and do what you think is right.“ 18. C. “During that time, I calmly thought about my career and all the training I had received.” 19. C. “In 1971, I observed Mars and the M13 star cluster with a 20cm reflecting telescope.” 20. B. “I am also interested in astronomy. I would still like to solve the mysteries of the Universe.”

Part 4 Task One 21. A - “...the reality is that now that I am in charge.....”

22. D - “My main job is to answer phones and take messages, I also occasionally schedule meetings ...” Listening Justifications 23. F - “My main responsibilities are recruiting, training, and looking after the Part 1 welfare of the staff.” Staff are considered a human resource. EXTRACT 1 24. E - “I guess I’m just a natural when talking to clients and potential buyers.” 1. C - “In short, I just liked teaching too much!” 25. B - “I like keeping the books”. 2. A - “Sometimes I think my friends wonder why I don’t do something Task Two more prestigious... and to be honest, I used to wonder that too... like I ought 26. C - “...my friendly-jokester days in the office are over.” to be doing more with my talent in maths. But now I realise that prestige 27. G - “It’s almost embarrassing how good I am at the game because it redoesn’t compare with true happiness.” veals how often I actually play.” EXTRACT 2 28. F - “I am always the first in the office and the last to leave. I often work 3. A - “I am strictly talking about Luda’s performance. I mean, first of all, all weekends and holidays..” the opening acts sang more songs than he did.” 29. B - “They think that this place is a waste of my talent, and perhaps they 4. C - “I’m not saying they weren’t talented! In fact they were better than the are right. But I’m satisfied here...” main performer and that’s my point.” 30. E - “I can’t really explain why, but I love my job...”

31


Part 5

TEST 10

31. The correct answer is C. Paragraph 2. Because they “can learn to comReading and Use of English Justifications municate”, “occasionally murder each other”, and “have complex social hierarchies”, it’s not A, B or D. Part 2 32. The correct answer is D. Paragraph 2. “When it comes to DNA, a human 9. that/who = introduces a defining relative clause and the relative prois closer to a chimp than a mouse is to a rat”. Chimps are similar to humans noun who refers to a person (dwarf Oberon) genetically so it’s not A. B. is obviously wrong. It highlights the genetic dif10. pass through something (phrasal verb) = to travel through something ference between a mouse and a rat so D is not right. 11. so/therefore= used to introduce the logical result of something that has 33. The correct answer is B. Paragraph 3. “Yet tiny differences sprinkled just been mentioned throughout the genome, have made all the difference....Nobody yet knows 12. having killed = present participle (present perfect tense) which reprecisely where they are or how they work”, which means A. or C. can’t be places a time clause. correct. It’s not D. as only ‘a rough draft’, Paragraph 5, has been sequenced. 13. we use inversion in the main clause with particular words and negative 34. The correct answer is A. Paragraph 3. “endow us with the brainpower to expressions (only with being one of them) outthink and outdo our closest relatives on the tree of life”. C. and D. are ob14. died of sth (expression) = the cause of his death viously wrong. B is incorrect as our behaviour goes beyond ‘expression’ 15. base something on something else = to found one’s ideas or attitude where we can do things like ‘delve into molecular biology’. on something that pre-existed. 35. The correct answer is C. Paragraph 6. “Pobo is convinced he’s on the 16. such as is used for introducing examples way to constructing the entire genome of that long-lost relative”. It’s not A. as they are referred to as ‘human-like’. They “became extinct tens of thouPart 3 sands of years ago” and ‘a 38,0000 year-old bone was used to extract Verbs Nouns Adjectives Adverbs DNA, so B. is incorrect. They are “closer to us genetically than chimps” so it 17. vary variety various variously can’t be D. variation variant varyingly 36. The correct answer is C. Paragraph 7. “will not only begin to explain variant variable invariably precisely what makes us human but could lead to a better understanding of varier varied human diseases and how to treat them”, which means A. is wrong. B. is varying obviously wrong. We can deduce from the text that the sequence of the harm harmful harmfully 18. harm human genome is complete, so D. is incorrect.

19.

attract

harmlessness harmless attraction attractive unattractive acceleration accelerable accelerator accelerative acceleratory addition additional addable addible flame flammable flamer flameless flamelet flamelike flamy flammable inflammable flaming explosion explosive exploder enjoyment enjoyable enjoyer unenjoyable

harmlessly attractively unattractively acceleratedly

Part 6

37. The correct answer is C. '...she (Osipova) seemed isolated at moments from the staging...in part owed to an unlikely relationship with Carlos Acosta’s Romeo...I did not for a moment believe in him as a youth ardently in love.' additionally 21. add 38. The correct answer is D. 'Would this international shooting star be able addedly to add lustre to a company that is depleted of ballerinas of her class?...Rarely has a performance flickered so rapidly between the astonishing and the 22. flame disappointing.' 39. The correct answer is B. All the reviewers except Reviewer B, find fault in Osipova's performance. Reviewer A, comments, '...Natalya Osipova is back in peak condition...Yet this revival just falls short of passion. There’s plenty of care in the storytelling, but the ballet’s star-crossed lovers need headlong ardour and despair. ' Similarly, Reviewer C finds fault in Osipova's performance, stating,' Not quite what one might have hoped. Natalya explosively 23. explode Osipova’s debut as Juliet with the Royal Ballet was eagerly anticipated...yet on Thursday night, she seemed isolated at moments from the staging... enjoyably 24. enjoy Unfortunately, Osipova, in trying to make the role her own, decides to show enjoyingly a knowing Juliet.' Finally, Reviewer D comments, referring to Osipova, 'Rarely has a performance flickered so rapidly between the astonishing and the disappointing.' Part 4 40. The correct answer is C. 'But what I once saw with Lynn Seymour, and 25. show up (phrasal verb) = to put in an appearance; arrive. saw with Natalya Makarova, and...with Yevgenia Obraztsova in the arms of 26. In Standard English, hardly, scarcely, and similar adverbs cannot be used with a negative. But they do share some important features of negative Steven McRae was the traditional interpretation of the role. Unfortunately, Osipova, in trying to make the role her own, decides to show a knowing adverbs, even though they may not have purely negative meaning. For one thing, they combine with any and at all, which are characteristically associ- Juliet.' ated with negative contexts. So; ‘to have hardly any’ effectively means ‘to Part 7 not have very much’. 41. The correct choice is C. because the extract begins with Titus and his 27. to the best of my knowledge (expression) = as far as I know son, Sky, in the ‘freight bay’ and Sky says “we’re going outside” because 28. The expression there is no point in is always followed by a gerund. otherwise he wouldn’t have been brought to the freight bay. Paragraph C. 29. twice as many (expression) = used to emphasise the size/amount of opens with Titus acknowledging this as Sky had never been there before. something; double the amount Paragraph C. ends with a power failure and the power is restored at the start 30. no guarantee that ... = it’s not certain that. .. of the next paragraph “after what seemed like days”.

20.

accelerate

32


42. The correct choice is G, which begins with shipboard life returning to normal following the effects of the power failure described in the previous paragraph. Also in Paragraph G. Sky’s experience in the nursery leads him to accuse his parents of giving up “responsibility to an illusion” but in contrast, the next paragraph begins with him “in a mood of eager forgiveness” on seeing the ‘sheer size’ of the freight bay. 43. The correct choice is A. The previous paragraph describes the freight bay and paragraph A. continues with details of the spacecraft and taxis parked there while the following paragraph begins with Titus halting “near one of the small shuttles” and confirming they were going outside. 44. The correct choice is B. as the taxi instantly answered the command, to “enable excursion vehicle 15”, given by Titus at the end of the previous paragraph. At the end of Paragraph B. Sky is told to “take a seat on the right of the instrument column” and in the following paragraph he hops into the spacecraft as instructed. 45. The correct choice is D. In the paragraph before there’s a description of the inside of the spacecraft and Sky adjusting to conditions inside. Paragraph D. begins with the next logical step of his father joining him and settling “into the seat next to him”. 46. The correct choice is E, Where Titus gives an answer to the question posed by Sky in the previous paragraph about not trusting machines.

Part 8 47. D. “ they said I was starting football practice. I protested a bit but I knew my efforts would be worthless. My parents are unmovable”. 48. B. “I was always the best on my team by far but, considering my background, that was expected”. 49. C. “I left many games covered in bruises and blood”. 50. C. “Football was always just one of my extra-curricular activities”. 51. E. “it is sure nice to be finally be recognised, praised and admired for our hard work” 52. B. “I was just happy the tournament was over so I could go home and be with my friends”. 53. A. “I made the team, but turned them down and returned home. I had realised that my dream wasn’t all I had built it up to be”. 54. C. “I still got to be captain and I really loved my role from the sideline”. 55. D. “considering I am not the world’s best athlete”. 56. E. “when England decided to start its first women’s national team, they had to recruit from a younger age group”.

11. “The show took place in space, in a spaceship that looked very much like a game controller....” 12. “I didn’t get into animation the way most people do. I came by way of TV.” 13. “Being a bit older than the other students, I worked really hard to make myself stand out...” 14. ”...the lousy economy forced me to become a freelancer.”

Part 3 15. B - “...golf is a lot easier on my body as well. I will be able to play golf a lot longer than any other sport ...” 16. C - “Once in a blue moon, I will have a cheeseburger ... ” A blue moon is a rare phenomenon so the phrase is used for anything that does not happen often. 17. D - “I didn’t like the health food that my parents fed me as a child but am thankful now for it’s become a habit.” 18. B - “This may make me sound really pathetic, but I spend a lot of time with my cat at home actually.” 19. A - ”You may believe me or not but I have absolutely no superstitions .... Sorry if that’s a disappointing answer.” 20. C - “I am one of the oldest girls out there” and “A lot of girls have 3 or 4 years more experience in competition than me”. They are younger and have been competing longer so she must have started later.

Part 4 Task One 21. H - “a lot of people in my line of work prefer just to take people form point A to point B....” so we know the speaker is a driver. Choices F and A can be eliminated because tourists would not use this these forms of transport. 22. C - “But the people I fly around ... have beds and champagne on board with them!” 23. F - “These children light up my life...” so we know the speaker works with children, and “Many of them are too energetic to sit in their seats their entire route” so we know it is a bus route. 24. D - “People see my ride as something extracted from a fairy tale” and “The horses are usually the ones breaking the romantic ideal....” Carriages are old fashioned and pulled by horses. 25. B - “because it’s so long, there are more blind spots than in a normal sized car.”

Listening Justifications Part 1

Task Two

26. B - “Of course, I should respect that, but that’s not always easy to do. 1. C - “But honestly I’ve been thinking about it for a few months now.” That’s probably one of my faults” 2. B - “I guess I just needed to get out of here for a bit. I guess I’m in a bit of 27. A - “I overhear their conversations about their country clubs, their fancy a rut in life and want to do something drastic to get out of it.” cars or their mansions and I definitely get jealous.” EXTRACT 2 28. C - “To help me out, I have asked one of my older students to be on pa3. A - “I think the atmosphere went to your head a little too much, Julie.” trol. ... It’s actually quite amazing how well the other students respond to The atmosphere of a place has to do with the environment. her!” 4. C - “”No way. A burger dressed like this? We’re really going to stand 29. G - “...he kept gagging from the horrible stench coming a few feet in out.” front of him. It was quite funny actually.” EXTRACT 3 30. H - “...I do feel a little powerful driving such a large vehicle on the road. 5. B - “I suppose for the same reason why anyone pursues any career.” It’s amazing how many people will get out of my way.” 6. C - “..it has a normal schedule - as in , no overnighters. This is important for me because I want to have a family.... “

EXTRACT 1

Part 2 7. “Although I’ve worked for other people in the past, I’m primarily my own boss these days. I much prefer being self-employed. 8. “”...I found it limiting to make a freelance career out of just 3D animation, so I became an expert on all sorts of multimedia skills.” 9. “...as well as animations for corporate projects.” 10. ”This show featured new and upcoming computer game releases....”

33


Cambridge English Advanced 10 Practice Tests - Answer Key

Part Part Part Part 56.E

Practice Test 1 Reading and Use of English Part 1: 1.C 2.D 3.B 4.D 5.A 6.C 7.B 8.C Part 2: 9. each/every 10. fact/short 11. precisely/exactly 12. could/should 13. getting/doing 14. some 15. actually/really 16. on Part 3: 17. variation 18. increasingly 19. findings 20. absorption 21. measurements 22. worldwide 23. unbelievable 24. problematic Part 4: 25. in the habit of playing 26. have every/a good chance of winning 27. goes without saying that I did 28. strike you as (being) 29. to cook for myself, let alone 30. such was the force of Part 5: 31.C 32.D 33.B 34.A 35.D 36.B Part 6: 37.B 38.A 39.D 40.C Part 7: 41.F 42.B 43.D 44.G 45.A 46.C Part 8: 47.D 48.A 49.E 50.C 51.D 52.A 53.F 54.B 55.E 56.B LISTENING - Part 1: 1.C 2.B 3.B 4.C 5.C 6.B LISTENING - Part 2 7. public finance 8. competing 9. continuous link 10. natural habitats 11. circular walks 12. reservoirs 13. rod licence 14. considerate LISTENING - Part 3: 15.D 16.A 17.B 18.D 19.C 20.A LISTENING - Part 4 21.D 22.C 23.G 24.A 25.B 26.C 27.H 28.G 29.F 30.B

Practice Test 2 Reading and Use of English Part 1: 1.D 2.A 3.B 4.A 5.D 6.C 7.B 8.A Part 2: 9. just 10. those 11. for 12. Since/As/Because 13. waste 14. right 15. Unless 16. yet/but/whose Part 3: 17. infallible 18. conviction 19. enthusiasm 20. pleasure 21. incomprehensible 22. confusion 23. endless 24. suspicious Part 4: 25. no intention of giving 26. congratulated her on choosing such 27.would appear that the thieves got 28. apologised for not turning/showing [or having turned/shown] 29. in case she wanted to buy 30.difference to me if she stays/ keeps Part 5: 31.B 32.C 33.D 34.B 35.A 36.C Part 6: 37.A 38.B 39.B 40.A Part 7: 41.G 42.F 43.D 44.A 45.C 46.E Part 8: 47.C 48.E 49.F 50.B 51.A 52.D 53.B 54.C 55.A 56.F LISTENING - Part 1: 1.B , 2.A , 3.C , 4.B , 5.C , 6.A LISTENING - Part 2 7. council estate 8. qualifications 9. volunteer 10. deadline 11. emotional barriers 12. the court 13. domestic violence/ pressure 14. sentence LISTENING - Part 3: 15.B 16.A 17.D 18.B 19.A 20.C LISTENING - Part 4 21.F 22.B 23.D 24.H 25.A 26.D 27.G 28.A 29.H 30.C

Practice Test 3 Reading and Use of English Part 1: 1.D 2.C 3.B 4.B 5.D 6.D 7.B 8.B Part 2: 9. with 10. such 11. behind 12. Although/While 13. thanks/due 14. first 15. only/just 16. few Part 3: 17. spectacular 18. exception 19. favourable 20. unforgettable 21. reality 22. unreliable 23. uncomfortable 24. illegal Part 4: 25. is reputed to be one 26. announcement of her engagement took us 27. utmost importance that we find 28. no circumstances will I ever 29. trying for/having tried for months did 30. wasn’t in the mood for

5: 6: 7: 8:

31.D 37.D 41.C 47.C

32.B 38.A 42.F 48.E

33.C 39.D 43.D 49.D

34.B 35.A 36.C 40.B 44.A 45.E 46.G 50.A 51.D 52.C 53.A 54.F 55.B

LISTENING - Part 1: 1.C 2.A 3.B 4.B 5.C 6.A LISTENING - Part 2 7. 15 percent/significant 8. Television programmes 9. better climate 10. low(er) interest rate(s) 11. minority 12. cheapest 13. investment 14. tax and inheritance LISTENING - Part 3: 15.B 16.D 17.D 18.C 19.A 20.C LISTENING - Part 4 21.F 22.A 23.D 24.H 25.C 26.D 27.C 28.G 29.H 30.A

Practice Test 4 Reading and Use of English Part 1: 1.C 2.A 3.B 4.D 5.B 6.D 7.C 8.B Part 2: 9. making 10. could 11. without 12. Who 13. all 14. ourselves 15. such 16. if/though Part 3: 17. apparently 18. acceptable 19. informality 20. indication 21. ritualistic 22. interaction 23. courtesy 24. laziness Part 4: 25. made a good impression on 26. not in the mood to go/in no mood to go 27. was a complete lack of trust 28. is subject to alteration/change 29. shed some light on 30. came to the conclusion that Part 5: 31.D 32.D 33.B 34.B 35.C 36.A Part 6: 37.A 38.B 39.B 40.C Part 7: 41.G 42.F 43.C 44.A 45.E 46.D Part 8: 47.F 48.D 49.A 50.D 51.B 52.A 53.E 54.C 55.C 56.F LISTENING - Part 1: 1.B 2.C 3.C 4.A 5.A 6.B LISTENING - Part 2 7. over-tutoring 8. five applications 9. unpredictable 10. 75,000 11. disadvantaged 12. free school meals 13. materials 14. contradictory LISTENING - Part 3: 15.C 16.D 17.A 18.C 19.D 20.B LISTENING - Part 4 21.E 22.C 23.H 24.A 25.F 26.D 27.G 28.A 29.B 30.E

Practice Test 5 Reading and Use of English Part 1: 1.D 2.A 3.B 4.A 5.B 6.C 7.A 8.A Part 2: 9. other 10. what 11. from/after 12. though/if 13. or 14. somebody/someone 15. into 16. made/found Part 3: 17. serenity 18. unpredictability 19. widened 20. fascination 21. awareness 22. coastal 23. urbanisation 24. fragility Part 4: 25. little chance of Jim being 26. lost no time in phoning his 27. the power of the government 28. no circumstances is the baby to/should the baby 29. ended up doing 30. has a tendency to mistrust Part 5: 31.D 32.B 33.D 34.C 35.C 36.B Part 6: 37.D 38.B 39.A 40.B Part 7: 41.D 42.G 43.F 44.A 45.B 46.E Part 8: 47.B 48.C 49.A 50.F 51.E 52.F 53.D 54.C 55.D 56.B LISTENING - Part 1: 1.B 2.A 3.B 4.C 5.C 6.A LISTENING - Part 2 7. overfishing 8. Pink coral 9. Legislation 10. 0.002 11. network 12. inadequate 13. integrated 14. strategy LISTENING - Part 3: 15.B 16.D 17.C 18.B 19.B 20.A LISTENING - Part 4 21.D 22.H 23.B 24.E 25.G 26.B 27.F 28.A 29.H 30.D

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Practice Test 6 Reading and Use of English Part 1: 1.D 2.D 3.C 4.C 5.B 6.A 7.C 8.D Part 2: 9. never/rarely 10. once 11. go 12. themselves 13. take 14. at 15. After 16. turning/showing Part 3: 17. extraordinary 18. location 19. picturesque 20. idiosyncratic 21. essentially 22. perfectionism 23. unrealistic 24. ongoing Part 4: 25. fell short of my expectations 26. nowhere (near) as good at playing 27. not been for the timely arrival 28. did not strike me as being 29. is of no consequence to 30. only a matter of time until/before Part 5: 31.B 32.C 33.D 34.D 35.C 36.B Part 6: 37.B 38.A 39.D 40.C Part 7: 41.D 42.G 43.B 44.F 45.A 46.C Part 8: 47.D 48.F 49.B 50.C 51.E 52.A 53.D 54.B 55.E 56.C LISTENING - Part 1: 1.C 2.B 3.B 4.A 5.C 6.A LISTENING - Part 2 7. Revolutionary changes 8. Citizens and Kings 9. poets 10. exhibition curator 11. executed 12. two historic books 13. political changes 14. fossils and shells LISTENING - Part 3: 15.C 16.A 17.C 18.D 19.B 20.D LISTENING - Part 4 21.G 22.D 23.B 24.F 25.A 26.D 27.A 28.H 29.F 30.C

LISTENING - Part 1: 1.C 2.B 3.C 4.A 5.B 6.A LISTENING - Part 2 7. concealed 8. screen out 9. fog 10. pacemaker 11. voyeuristic 12. security guards 13. natural materials 14. illegal immigrants LISTENING - Part 3: 15.C 16.B 17.D 18.D 19.A 20.C LISTENING - Part 4 21.E 22.H 23.B 24.D 25.C 26.H 27.C 28.E 29.A 30.G

Practice Test 9 Reading and Use of English Part 1: 1.A 2.B 3.A 4.B 5.C 6.D 7.A 8.B Part 2: 9. not 10. For 11. of 12. rather 13. do 14. nor 15. use 16. being Part 3: 17. environmental 18. realistic 19. unprecedented 20. particularly 21. especially 22. practicality 23. opposition 24. ongoing Part 4: 25. had no difficulty in answering 26. finding fault in 27. be facing closure 28. decision doesn’t matter 29. no chance of winning 30. no way of telling Part 5: 31.B 32.C 33.A 34.B 35.C 36.B Part 6: 37.D 38.B 39.C 40.A Part 7: 41.B 42.G 43.E 44.A 45.D 46.C Part 8: 47.A 48.D 49.C 50.F 51.E 52.F 53.E 54.B 55.D 56.D

Practice Test 7

LISTENING - Part 1: 1.C 2.A 3.A 4.C 5.B 6.B LISTENING - Part 2 Reading and Use of English 7. challenging 8. water 9. towards the corner 10. sandy holes Part 1: 1.B 2.A 3.A 4.C 5.C 6.A 7.D 8.B 11. painful 12. sight 13. uphill 14. monster Part 2: 9. need/begin/start 10. especially 11. most 12. who LISTENING - Part 3: 15.B 16.C 17.A 18.C 19.C 20.B 13. cases 14. nothing 15. more 16. While/Although LISTENING - Part 4 Part 3: 17. resistance 18. addictive 19. obesity 20. dependence/-cy 21. inexpensive 22. irresistible 23. indulgence 21. A 22.D 23.F 24.E 25.B 26.C 27.G 28.F 29.B 30.E 24. associations Part 4: 25. strike you as (being) 26. is not so much 27. high time Practice Test 10 Ben cleaned 28. for fear of waking 29. given that he only Reading and Use of English 30. practising every day do Part 1: 1.C 2.B 3.B 4.D 5.A 6.C 7.B 8.C Part 5: 31.B 32.D 33.A 34.A 35.C 36.B Part 2: 9. that/who 10. through 11. so/therefore 12. having Part 6: 37.C 38.B 39.A 40.D 13. does/can 14. of 15. on 16. such Part 7: 41.C 42.G 43.E 44.A 45.F 46.B Part 3: 17. various 18. harmful 19. attractive 20. acceleration Part 8: 47.D 48.C 49.E 50.A 51.E 52.B 53.C 54.F 55.B 21. Additional 22. explosive 23. flammable 24. enjoyable 56.D Part 4: 25. showed up at/to/for 26. have hardly any 27. the best of my knowledge 28. no point (in) trying 29. are twice as many LISTENING - Part 1: 1.B 2.A 3.A 4.C 5.C 6.A women as 30. is no guarantee that you LISTENING - Part 2 Part 5: 31.C 32.D 33.B 34.A 35.C 36.C 7. threatening situation 8. the heart 9. negative thoughts 10. run away 11. muscles 12. paper bag 13. Holding your breath Part 6: 37.C 38.D 39.B 40.C Part 7: 41.C 42.G 43.A 44.B 45.D 46.E 14. Natural remedies Part 8: 47.D 48.B 49.C 50.C 51.E 52.B 53.A 54.C 55.D LISTENING - Part 3: 15.A 16.D 17.B 18.A 19.C 20.C 56.E LISTENING - Part 4 21.D 22.F 23.E 24.A 25.H 26.G 27.A 28.E 29.B 30.F LISTENING - Part 1: 1.C 2.B 3.A 4.C 5.B 6.C LISTENING - Part 2 Practice Test 8 7. self-employed / his own boss 8. multimedia skills 9. animations Reading and Use of English 10. new and upcoming 11. a spaceship Part 1: 1.B 2.D 3.C 4.A 5.D 6.C 7.C 8.A 12. most 3D animators/most people in animation 13. (a bit) older Part 2: 9. in 10. right 11. One 12. himself 13. like 14. the (lousy) economy 14. by 15. coming 16. partly/mainly LISTENING - Part 3: 15.B 16.C 17.D 18.B 19.A 20.C Part 3: 17. satisfyingly 18. revelation 19. endless 20. remarkably 21. traceable 22. development 23. refinements LISTENING - Part 4 21.H 22.C 23.F 24.D 25.B 26.B 27.A 28.C 29.G 30.H 24. awareness Part 4: 25. least they can do is 26. left many passengers seriously 27. is little prospect of John getting 28. have been brought about by 29. no intention of replying 30. been on Andrew’s mind Part 5: 31.D 32.B 33.B 34.C 35.C 36.D Part 6: 37.B 38.C 39.D 40.B Part 7: 41.C 42.G 43.D 44.A 45.F 46.B Part 8: 47.B 48.F 49.B 50.E 51.C 52.F 53.A 54.A 55.E 56.D

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TEST 1 This is the Cambridge Certificate in Advanced English Listening Test. I’m going to give you the instructions for this test. I’ll introduce each part of the test and give you time to look at the questions. You will hear each piece twice. There’ll now be a pause. Please ask any questions now, because you must not speak during the test. PAUSE 5 SECONDS

Part 1 You’ll hear three different extracts. For questions 1-6, choose the answer (A, B or C) which fits best according to what you hear. There are two questions for each extract.

EXTRACT 1 You will hear two people talking about a play that they saw at the theatre. Now look at questions 1 and 2. Jane: Well that was certainly original. I’ve seen quite a few of his plays and that one was completely different to the others. Bill: Yes, it was quite dark, wasn’t it? Maybe it’s because he’d become aware of his own mortality when he wrote it. Jane: That’s right. He’d been seriously ill, hadn’t he? Bill: Apparently it was touch and go for a while. Jane: Mind you, the main character was hilarious, in a sick kind of way. I think that kind of humour would go right over most people’s heads. Bill: Well, I don’t know how he’ll follow up that story. He really seems to be a different character to when he first started to write. Now you will hear the recording again.

EXTRACT 2 You will hear part of a radio interview with a trade and commerce researcher. Now look at questions 3 and 4. Interviewer: The old mantra about the three most important factors for a shop’s success - location, location, location - has been borne out by a new mathematical model. It could help retailers pinpoint lucrative sites for their stores. Physicist Pablo Jenson is here with us today. Good morning Pablo. Pablo: Good morning. We have analysed location records for more than 8500 retail outlets in Lyon, France. We found that the shops formed clusters, with shops such as butchers and delicatessens in one group, for example, and laundromats and bookstores in another. Stores of the same group seemed to attract each other, while stores from different groups repelled each other. Interviewer: You’ve created a theory haven’t you? Pablo: Yes, that’s right. It’s a theory of magnetism to calculate a number, ‘Q’ for shops, based on the proximity of attractive and repellent businesses in the area. ‘Q’ represents the suitability of a site for a particular type of shop: the higher the number, the better the site. We tested this theory with all of the bakeries in Lyon between 2003 and 2005. During that period, 19 bakeries shut down and their average ‘Q’ was lower than the average for all bakeries. Actually, the Lyon Chamber of Commerce is using the model to help entrepreneurs identify promising new premises. Now you will hear the recording again.

EXTRACT 3 You will hear part of a report about holiday homes in the Mediterranean. Now look at questions 5 and 6. Speaker: For a beautiful alternative to the bigger Spanish coasts, try the Costa de la Cruz, ‘the coast of light’. The government of Andalucia is taking care to protect this little known region, which has earned the nickname, ‘the Spanish Algarve’ thanks to its charm and proximity to the Portuguese border. A property in the area represents a sound investment because homes are cheaper than their Portuguese equivalents, and land laws mean that it will never become so built up that it is spoiled. National parks, farmland and beautiful beaches all abound, and Chris Mercer of spanishproperty.co.uk says that more homes will be built soon. ‘More land will have to be made available for development soon because demand is quite simply starting to outstrip supply’, he says. ‘The government is being careful to preserve the natural beauty and character though, so your investment should stay strong.’ Now you will hear the recording again. That’s the end of Part 1

Part 2 You will hear a representative from British Waterways called John Sampson talking about a canal network in England. For questions 7-14, complete the sentences. John: The extensive network which makes up the Grand Union Canal is, without doubt, a truly extraordinary piece of engineering. Begun in the late 18th century, the majority of the canal system was built without the benefits of modern technology or public finance. It is a truly grand canal. But why is

AUDIOSCRIPT

it known as the Grand Union Canal? From 1790 to 1929 a large number of competing, independently owned canals were constructed, their waterways not uniform in size and often unable to carry the larger vessels from other sections. Through a series of takeovers, the various companies eventually amalgamated and created a ‘union’ of canals which could form a continuous link between Birmingham, London and other important industrial areas. Along every stretch of canal, you will find this heritage retained. Traditionally-painted narrow boats are still guided by original mile posts, while working examples of mills, pump houses, ancient locks and keepers’ cottages are a common sight on any journey. The Grand Union Canal boasts an extraordinary variety of wildlife, from feeding herons and hunting owls to rare water voles. Natural habitats are numerous as a result of cleaner waters and the declining industrial traffic. The hedgerows and canal banks have proved an ideal location for a number of diverse species to thrive in this tranquil and often unique environment. A car-free and carefree way to appreciate the beauty of the canal and at your own pace - is by walking. Whether you are looking for organised or independent towpath walks, we can help you with your planning. Each waterway office can supply information on circular walks, waterside pubs plus suggested routes and specific points of interest. There are many stations within easy reach of the Grand Union Canal. Why not try a one-way walk, returning to your starting point by train? We’re keen to encourage both experienced and inexperienced anglers onto the well-stocked canal network and reservoirs. We lease certain sections to established clubs who welcome non-members for a small daily fee. Before you fish, check with your local British Waterways office for information on access and availability. Rod licenses are obligatory, and can be obtained from your local post office. Last but not least, the towpaths are wonderful for cycling. Free of traffic, free of fumes and free of hills. Miles of accessible towpaths through some of England’s finest countryside. We can all share the delights of the canal system so please be considerate to other users. Surfaces vary from stony pathways to smooth asphalt - but that’s all part of the enjoyment! Now you will hear Part 2 again. That’s the end of Part 2.

Part 3 You will hear part of a radio interview with the comedian, Lenny Henry. For questions 15-20, choose the answer (A, B, C or D), which fits best according to what you hear. Interviewer: Lenny, you are currently studying English literature with the Open University. Why English Literature? And why the Open University? Lenny: All of the people I admire in showbiz are very, very smart. Quite a lot of them have been to university and benefited from it. Doing my BA is really helping me to structure my thoughts. It’s helped me to understand that good work is not an accident. You know the best writers like Flaubert and George Eliot and people like that took a long time to plan their work and the Open University has shown me that if you take the time to plan your work and structure it properly, you can do well. It’s just helped me organise my thoughts a bit better and I think the challenge of producing an essay every month or so is good, it keeps me on my toes. Interviewer: Why do you think comedy is such a powerful fundraising tool? Lenny: I think it’s powerful because if I’m going to communicate with an audience they remember something I said with a bit of a twinkle in the eye better than boring old facts. There is a lot of really heartbreaking and moving documentary stuff on the Comic Relief night and if we can make people laugh in between it softens the blow and cushions the effect of the harder stuff we show. Interviewer: This year is the tenth anniversary of Comic Relief, but there’s still a lot of poverty out there. Do you think it has made a real difference? Lenny: I think it has made an immense difference. It’s empowered the public, given them the ideas and tools to raise money off their own back without anybody telling them what to do. I think it’s fantastic when I come to Africa and I see the grain banks, the new wells that have been built, the children being inoculated and terraced mountains that have been funded by Comic Relief. There are huge problems in Africa like HIV and Aids, but a drip of water can erode a rock and I think Comic Relief is becoming a strong and mighty drip. We’ve got to keep going until the rock dissolves and it will dissolve but it’s going to take a long time, so people have to stay committed. Interviewer: Work for Comic Relief has taken you to some pretty depressing places. How does seeing people coping with terrible poverty affect you personally? Lenny: I’ve been in Addis Ababa. This time round I went to a place called Debre Zeit where I watched this wonderful care worker called Fanti visiting various people who were suffering from HIV. Even though these people were in immense pain, there was a lot of dignity involved. And what’s wonderful is Comic Relief, by funding people like Fanti, are doing something to help. Interviewer: You’ve received numerous accolades and awards during your career and you are a husband and father and a mammoth fundraiser. Do you have any ambitions left? Lenny: I’d like to write something on my own that I feel was a good piece


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of work, and the only way I’m going to do that is if I have confidence and faith in my own ability. I’ve always worked with other writers. There’s nothing wrong with collaborating but I’d love to write something on my own and know it was good before I gave it to someone else to read. I think the Open University is helping me to judge my work in a way that writing something and giving it to someone to read for me simply doesn’t. Now you’ll hear Part 3 again. That’s the end of Part 3.

Part 4 Part 4 consists of two tasks. You will hear five short extracts in which people are talking about animals. For questions 21-25, choose from the list A-H the person who is speaking. Now look at task 2. For questions 26-30, choose from the list A-H what each speaker is expressing. While you listen you must complete both tasks. Speaker 1 I’m proud of the relationship we have with the animals. It’s not always easy here, and there are days when I get deeply upset because an animal is sick and nothing can be done to save it. On the other hand, we’re doing some wonderful things in the way of conservation and we are linked up with satellites and with other institutions worldwide to keep track of certain species. The value of this work cannot be underestimated. We are protecting different species for future generations to enjoy. Speaker 2 I was always a very active person and I’ve always been surrounded by animals. As a child we would have several cats and dogs in the house. Now that I live in sheltered housing, my dog is good company for me. I’d be tempted not to leave the house at all some days, but he gives me a reason to get some fresh air and exercise. I think I’d put on a lot of weight if I didn’t have him. He keeps me young at heart too. On the whole, I prefer my own company but you do chat to people a lot when you have a dog. They are good ice breakers. Speaker 3 I have immense respect for animals. Well, let’s face it, my life would be totally different without them. It’s not just about companionship, it’s mutual trust. We couldn’t do without each other. What we could do without is people on the street coming up to us and causing a distraction. I can understand why it happens but people don’t stop to think. Basically, she’s doing a job and people forget that. Speaker 4 It’s surprising how common animal allergies are. I’ve been allergic to cats all my life. My eyes start to water and I have trouble breathing. I have a lot of patients with allergies of various kinds and finding the cause of the allergic reaction can be quite tricky at times. I have one patient who is seriously allergic to her dog but she insists on keeping it. Now that to me doesn’t make any sense at all - no matter how attached they may be to the animal. Speaker 5 I have great respect for all the animals that I work with. Some people may not approve of what I do or they may wonder how I can be so brave. Really that’s not what it’s all about. It’s to do with years of training and experience and knowing what you are doing. There’s no room for error in this job. We used to have endangered species, but the climate has changed now and they are no longer part of the show. Now you’ll hear Part 4 again. That’s the end of Part 4.

TEST 2 Part 1 You’ll hear three different extracts. For questions 1-6, choose the answer (A, B or C) which fits best according to what you hear. There are two questions for each extract.

EXTRACT 1 You will hear two people talking about a problem at work. Now look at questions 1 and 2. Man: One of my colleagues is always complaining about his job, or moaning about our boss, or the company’s management. It’s making other team members dissatisfied because some of his complaints are true and it’s created a very negative atmosphere. I’ve tried to speak to him about it, but now he just thinks I’m trying to be the boss’ favourite. Woman: Well, I’m not trying to question your analysis of the problem or your motives for trying to sort it out, but I do suspect you’ve gone about trying to solve it in a way that casts you, however unjustly, as a bit of a self-important bore. Why don’t two or three of you put your complaints to your boss in a fair and constructive way? And, it might be a good idea to involve your unhappy colleague in that. Now you will hear the recording again.

AUDIOSCRIPT

EXTRACT 2 You will hear two people talking about how the woman got her job. Now look at questions 3 and 4. Janet: I’m glad you persuaded me to go to the recruitment fair. It was nothing like I thought it would be. Paul: Yes, it was really interesting. Janet: I was quite sure that I would become a translator before I went to the fair because I was just about to finish my degree in modern languages. I wandered up to a stall that was promoting careers in Public Relations, just to have a nose really. I was blown away. It seemed perfect to suit my skills and interests. Paul: Well, I’d been looking for a job in the papers and in employment agencies and I didn’t find anything at the fair, but one of the employees I spoke to there passed on my CV to the marketing and business development manager and a week later I was invited for an interview. I couldn’t believe my luck when they offered me the position. Now you will hear the recording again.

EXTRACT 3 You will hear two people talking about the man’s job as a prison officer. Now look at questions 5 and 6. Man: It’s not just a job for men you know and it’s a career where you can achieve promotion very quickly. Woman: What’s the salary like? Man: Typically, graduates who join can expect to earn £28,000 within a year and achieve two promotions within the first two years. Of course, you can join up straight from school but it will take you longer to get to a higher position such as management. Woman: To be honest, I didn’t think I could ever do your job. You’ve got to be out of your mind to want to work with dangerous people like that, plus I wouldn’t have the courage to face violent criminals. You never know what they are going to do next. Man: Well, I just wanted to be sure of a career where I could do well without having to wait until I was a lot older. Now you will hear the recording again. That’s the end of Part 1

Part 2 You will hear a woman talking about her job as a probation officer. For questions 7-14, complete the sentences. Woman: My background is from a family of six children from a council estate where I saw friends drift in and out of crime. I had a desire to help people see that there are choices in life. I was interested in probation work but having left school with little in the way of qualifications, I never thought I could do it. It was only after taking an IQ test that I realised that I might have a chance. After leaving school, I joined the army. Then I started to study for a degree in Health and Social care. At the same time I was a volunteer for the St. John’s Ambulance Service, the Probation Service and at a residential children’s school. Then I applied to be a trainee probation officer. Time management is the most important skill, especially the need to prioritise deadlines, read and digest information and then write clear reports for the courts. I also have to be able to interact with people from all walks of life. There is a lot of one-to-one work with offenders and this requires you to work through both your own and their emotional barriers. Every day is different. Of a working week, about three days are spent in the office with the remainder split between prison and being in court. The best thing is that you get to work with a huge spectrum of people from the homeless to professionals who have made mistakes. The worst thing is that the job is generally very pressured and there are times when you have to engage with people that have committed crimes that involve domestic violence. That is really hard to take. My role is currently that of Case Manager where I manage up to 35 offenders at one time. I liaise with the courts which is basically providing guidance on the best sentence for people to be given. I also visit prisons where I am involved in the release process. As a next step, I’d see myself as a Practice Manager, monitoring a team and ultimately I’d like to be a senior Probation Officer. Now you will hear Part 2 again. That’s the end of Part 2.

Part 3 You will hear part of a radio interview with an economist. For questions 15-20, choose the answer (A, B, C or D), which fits best according to what you hear. Interviewer: Today we have the economist, Jim Bower in the studio. Jim, according to the government’s Women and Work Commission, women are still earning 17% less than men. Now the government has released new policies to tackle gender equalities in pay, but will they be enough? Jim: Well, according to the Fawcett Society, under the current system it will


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take about 80 years before women working full-time earn as much as their male counterparts, and 140 years before part-time female workers catch up with men. Despite girls consistently outperforming boys at GCSE, A level and Degree, findings show that within three years of graduating women are still earning less than men. Interviewer: So would you say that inequality starts in the classroom? Jim: According to the Equal Opportunities Commission, 15% of young people in school are neither given advice nor encouraged into work experience placements in professions dominated by the opposite sex. The government’s response in schools is being praised by most, and involves introducing new schemes to give young girls better understanding of the wider choice of careers available to them, but there is still room for improvement. Interviewer: Do you think that the government is missing the point? Jim: Well, instead of closing the gap between wages of men and women in careers that require similar skill levels, the government is instead planning to spend £20 million to raise the skill level of women working in these roles, encouraging them to change careers altogether. This policy will only reduce the available ‘woman-power’ in these lower paid jobs. What we have to do is revalue the kind of work that women are doing such as cleaning, catering and caring for others - we’ve got to value it more highly. Interviewer: Is it true to say that children cost mothers more than fathers? Jim: According to the London School of Economics, mothers who returned to their previous jobs as part-timers quickly fell behind their male colleagues financially, and those that entered new jobs on a part-time basis did even worse. Currently many companies still conform to ‘stuffed shirt’ policies that have no openings for part-time workers in senior positions. This is forcing a large workforce of highly skilled and qualified women with young children out of the boardroom, because they cannot deliver a 40-plus-hour week, and into jobs below their capabilities. Basically, the whole system still needs further reform if women are to have equal rights in the workplace and be able to bring up a family too. Interviewer: I’m afraid that’s all we have time for today. Jim, thank you very much. Jim: My pleasure. Now you’ll hear Part 3 again. That’s the end of Part 3

Part 4 Part 4 consists of two tasks. You will hear five short extracts in which people are talking about work. For questions 21-25, choose from the list A-H the person who is speaking. Now look at task 2. For questions 26-30, choose from the list A-H what each speaker is expressing. While you listen you must complete both tasks. Speaker 1 If you put all the country’s chief executives in one room, all they would produce would be a range of share options that would only benefit themselves and a load of corporate waffle and gossip. We are the people that actually organise and lay out coherently all the facts and figures. They wouldn’t even remember half of what was said if we didn’t record it for them. You’d be surprised what we know about a business. Our internal knowledge should never be underestimated. I suppose I could earn a small fortune blackmailing the many bosses I’ve had over the years. Speaker 2 One thing I’ve learned quickly is never offer to make coffee. In many businesses there is a ritual where everyone waits hours for the first person to say, “Who wants coffee?” That person then finds themselves in the kitchen for the rest of the day working as a junior catering manager. I should know, it happened to me when I first started here. Being the new person leaves you vulnerable, especially as I’m kind of on the lowest rung on the ladder. Once I’m qualified, I’m going to get someone else to make coffee for me! Speaker 3 I run a tight ship and the secret is not to allow time wasting. Half of every working day is spent in meetings, half of which are not worth having, half the time is wasted. Which means that nearly one third of office life is spent in small rooms with people you don’t like, doing things that don’t matter. The only reason people have so many meetings is that they are the one time you can get away from your work, your phone or your customers. People say that the secret of a good meeting is preparation. But if people really prepared for meetings, the first thing they would realise is that most are unnecessary. In fact, a tightly run meeting is one of the most frightening things in office life. These are meetings for which you have to prepare, in which you have to work and after which you have to take action. Speaker 4 I’ve always had a strong work ethic. I believe that the best way to approach work is to write a list at the end of each day of what has to be achieved the next day. Then, get the most important jobs done first. Most people do the opposite and do the easy, trivial things first, but that difficult report is not going to go away. I still maintain a routine in my life, although, of course, the activities and jobs to be done have changed quite a lot. The working environment is so different from my day. I’m not exactly a technophobe, but

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I’m glad I haven’t got to learn how to do everything by computer. I escaped the technological rat race just in time. Speaker 5 I have to deal with everyone in the company to some extent. Everyone knows me and I believe it’s important to try to keep some harmony between my fellow workers. Being the first face they see, I try to be cheerful even if I’m not feeling on top form. Think how easy it is to upset someone at home and then triple it: that’s how easy it is to upset someone at work. Upsetting your boss is the easiest thing to do. All you have to do is turn up and you are in their bad books. Keeping on the right side of them is simply a matter of anticipating their every whim and laughing at their pathetic jokes. People at the bottom are also easily upset. Helping them do their job is only going to be appreciated if you are the undisputed master of what they are trying to do. Now you’ll hear Part 4 again. That’s the end of Part 4.


EXTRACT 1 You will hear part of a radio interview. Now look at questions 1 and 2. Interviewer: Drivers will soon have to pay tolls to use Britain’s roads - or face sitting in endless traffic jams, it has been claimed. A study by Bob Aldridge, a former British airways chief executive has suggested that the move would cut congestion in half. Bob, is this true? Bob: Yes, unless steps are taken, Britain will soon grind to a halt, with 13% of traffic reduced to stop-start conditions by 2025 and there will certainly be more overcrowding on trains. Interviewer: So are you in favour of road pricing? Bob: Yes, good transport has a direct effect on the economy. But money raised in any road pricing scheme must be ploughed back into transport network improvements. Air travellers should pay the full environmental costs of their journey to make the industry sustainable but I think there is still a case for expanding airport capacity. I don’t however, believe there is much evidence in favour of building new high-speed rail lines. Longer trains would be more cost-efficient. Now you will hear the recording again.

EXTRACT 2 You will hear two friends talking about a trip one of them went on. Now look at questions 3 and 4. man: Don’t you worry about travelling on your own abroad? Woman: I lost count of the number of people who told me it was dangerous for a woman to be travelling on her own. As someone whose only experience of crime was being mugged outside my own home in London, I never felt that I was taking any extra risks. Then again, I was always extremely careful, plus it seems that believing the best about a place and its people is often the very thing that helps keep you safe. Man: But what about what happened to you in Thailand, with the military coup? That must have been terrifying. Woman: Well I know the media showed chaotic scenes with both tourists and locals looking frightened and bewildered but by the following morning it became clear that the coup had been bloodless and well organised and as coups went, it almost wasn’t exciting enough. I was fascinated by the whole event so I didn’t really have time to freak out. You ought to go to Thailand it’s a wonderful place. Now you will hear the recording again.

EXTRACT 3 You will hear two people talking about digital cameras. Now look at questions 5 and 6. Woman: You are the camera expert. What kind of camera should I buy for my trip to Africa? Man: Well, that depends why you are taking photographs. Woman: Well, it’s not simply to have something to laugh over in the pub after and I’m not bothered about creating the greetings cards that I used to do although I suppose I might show them somewhere one day. It’s more important to me that I have images to keep that reflect my own personal experience of the places. I’m not interested in taking typical pretty tourist shots. Man: Well, you probably need a good quality camera for what you want to do. There are so many on the market now, it can be difficult to choose the most appropriate one. If you just wanted to take snaps you would only need one of the smaller size digital cameras. On the other hand a good digital


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camera with all the extras will satisfy your requirements. You don’t need a big bulky film camera these days to get a professional image. Now you will hear the recording again. That’s the end of Part 1

Part 2 You will hear a radio report about British people buying holiday homes abroad. For questions 7-14, complete the sentences. Speaker: Attracted by the prospect of their own place in the sun and an easy way of making money, the number of British people owning a second home abroad is booming as never before. Around 800,000 British households now own a second home abroad, up by 15 percent since June 2004, according to research published this week. The boom has been fuelled by television programmes about people buying abroad and assisted by the rise in property values in Britain, low interest rates and the availability of cheap no-thrill flights. A better climate remains the main reason, with more than half of the nearly 2,000 people questioned giving that as their principal reason for buying overseas. However, an increasing number are seeking to invest in new-builds, with 40 per cent of respondents saying that making money was their prime motivation, while 38 percent wanted a future retirement property and somewhere to take their family. A senior financial analyst said that the property boom has increased levels of housing equity while the low interest rate environment has allowed other prospective property purchasers to take advantage of relatively cheap borrowing. Overall, Spain remains the most popular destination for living abroad, with 43 percent naming it as their preferred location; next is France, followed by Australia and Italy. Despite the increased interest in eastern European countries, they still remain a target for a minority, with only 7 percent choosing such destinations. People like Bulgaria, because it is a short flight from London, enjoys a Mediterranean-style climate in summer as well as skiing in the winter. It has safe swimming in the Black Sea and boasts the cheapest property prices in Europe. Additionally, it is about to join the EU and low-cost airlines are expected to expand their routes there. However, many of the latest wave of buyers plunged in without considering the consequences after watching television programmes. Generally, it tends to work better if you want a holiday home rather than an investment, because a lot of people don’t realise that tax and inheritance laws are different abroad. Plus, ownership rights can also be problematic. Now you will hear Part 2 again. That’s the end of Part 2.

Part 3 You will hear an interview with a man who enjoys ice-skating in the Netherlands. For questions 15-20, choose the answer (A, B, C or D), which fits best according to what you hear. Interviewer: When winter comes, get yourself to the Netherlands, strap on some skates and swoop along the canals and frozen fields. For Conrad Wimmer, it’s the only way to travel. Conrad, how did your passion for skating begin? Conrad: Well, my passion started 15 years ago when I was living in the canal-crossed city of Delft during a ten-day freeze. I’d already studied skating technique as demonstrated by the muffled-up skaters in the paintings of Averkamp and Brueghal. I joined friends to swoop and glide across the ice. Well actually it was more skids and tumbles, but with a bit of practice on the local duck pond I mastered a rough approximation of the classic skate pose. Hands clasped behind my back, and legs lazily scissoring back and forth. Interviewer: So how can someone join in with this wonderful ice frolicking? Conrad: Ah, there’s the problem. Unlike mountains or oceans, which are always there to climb up or sail across, a good freeze only comes from a win in the climatic lottery. Thus the chance for the Dutch to be wild adventurers on their own land comes only every few years. Interviewer: And then, I guess, a few keen skaters skid around on the ice for a day or two, right? Conrad: No, actually. Pretty much the whole country closes down while everyone takes to the ice. Kids traditionally demand ice time, but then so do all the adults! Interviewer: Still, surely you must need to be an obsessive skater to attempt the long tours? Conrad: Only if you want to skate the 200km cross-country race around the eleven cities course in less than seven hours. Even then, 16,000 non-racing amateurs start before dawn to follow the same 200km, with most managing to cross the finish line before midnight. But racing aside, if you explore the frozen canals of the Netherlands you’ll enter the wonderful, romantic world of the authentic, traditional Netherlands - a country of hidden farmyards, lazy cattle and interesting locals who look as though they are from another era. You’ll glide across solidified frozen lakes with fish frozen into the ice. Occasionally signs will lean out of holes in the ice announcing dangerous ice as the surface cracks and groans with shifting temperatures. And you’ll see lines of laughing skaters shooting past like colourful water snakes. Interviewer: Finally Conrad, do you have any tips for the novice skater?

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Conrad: Well, for a start forget the hardcore all-in-one skates. Learn from the skaters on the old paintings who wore normal boots with blades attached to them. They’re cheap to buy secondhand or new. Never skate alone, or away from other skaters, and always stick to recognised routes where the ice has been checked for strength. Avoid ice under bridges, near to factory outflows, under trees or close to locks. Fields flooded to make outdoor rinks provide the safest place to learn on. Figuring out how to stop should be your first priority, and for goodness’ sake keep warm. Speedy skaters - you never know, you might be a natural! tuck sheets of newspaper down the front of their trousers to avoid windchillassisted hypothermia. Now you’ll hear Part 3 again. That’s the end of Part 3

Part 4 Part 4 consists of two tasks. You will hear five short extracts in which people are talking about their experiences travelling abroad. For questions 21-25, choose from the list A-H the person who is speaking. Now look at task 2. For questions 26-30, choose from the list A-H what each speaker is expressing. While you listen you must complete both tasks. Speaker 1 I’ve worked here for many years and it is now possible to tackle the Sydney Harbour Bridge from the inside. Since 1998 visitors have been able to teeter over the top of the structure, if they were brave enough, to reach the apex, 134m above the sea. The new climb, through the core of its construction, means you can now marvel at this much-loved landmark from the interior. In addition to the stomach-churning views of the harbour, you get to climb up the staircase between the inner and the outer arches to reach the top. I can tell you, this is what’s really attracting the crowds. I’ve never been so busy! Speaker 2 I’ve just returned from my 67th visit to Iceland. But when I mentioned this interesting fact to a friend he politely pointed out that I was pathetically sad. Don’t I have anything better to do than count how many times I’ve been to the same place, and haven’t I recorded everything there is to know about it? But actually I don’t agree with him. Well not entirely anyway. I think it’s been time well spent. But on the other hand, maybe he has got a point. Can I justify going back to Iceland? I do love it there, or should I strive to go somewhere new every time I go away now so that I really broaden my horizons? We’ll see. Speaker 3 I thought my days in Colombia’s coffee region would begin with a freshly ground coffee and perhaps a maize cake and some scrambled eggs while I gazed at the mist rising in the valleys. I couldn’t have been more wrong. We were up at the crack of dawn and marching up the mountain before I was really awake. Once we’d reach a fair way up the instructors from the nearby town, attached a wire to the cable above me in a casual manner as I wondered how safe the clips were. They assured me that everything was fine and before I knew it I was speeding across the coffee plantations, held on only by the aforementioned, dubious clips and cable. Of course, they were right and I had the ride of my life and remained in one piece. Speaker 4 It was mid-August and I was on a ferry that was more crowded than an Indian river boat. I had a few hours in between flying back to the UK and I thought I’d pop over to see the joys of Venice. My family had flown out for a few days and I’d met up with them while I was off duty. As Campanile came into view, it looked stunning. “Is it really floating in the water?” asked my two children nervously. They looked shocked when I told them that it was actually sinking. As soon as we disembarked, Joe stamped his foot on the pavement and his younger sister looked up at me expectantly. “There you go, safe as houses.” I said. They seemed reassured but I got some funny looks from the locals. Speaker 5 It was a beautiful drive down to the Italian forest on our search for truffles. I was with one of the world’s experts on fungi and I could think of nobody better qualified to teach me how to prepare this delicacy. We went armed with a funny-looking helper in the form of Kiki, a scruffy, grey-haired dog that bounded out of the truck with great enthusiasm when we finally stopped in the forest. “He never fails me.” said my companion. It seemed that kiki was the region’s best truffle hunter. I found this a little incredible. How could a dog find truffles buried in the ground, especially in such a dense forest with so much thick vegetation on the ground? But my doubts were proved to be unfounded. Kiki certainly was the canine king of truffle hunting. That night we dined on the exquisite rewards of our hunt and I had another delicacy to pass on to my customers back home. Now you’ll hear Part 4 again. That’s the end of Part 4.


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EXTRACT 1 You will hear two people talking about their grandparents. Now look at questions 1 and 2. Man: I’ve just got back from visiting my grandfather. It’s been ages since I last saw him. I really miss him now that we live so far apart. Woman: Where does he live? Man: Up in Scotland in a tiny fishing village. It’s beautiful up there and it really suits his character as it’s such a serene and isolated place and yet there’s a really warm community spirit. Woman: All my grandparents have passed away, sadly. But, my father’s parents were great fun when we were kids. We used to do all sorts of things together.They usually had more energy than we did to be honest. They’d take us on hikes over the hills and we could barely keep up with their great strides. They thought it was hilarious, watching us panting behind them. Now you will hear the recording again.

EXTRACT 2 You will hear two people talking about their childhood. Now look at questions 3 and 4. Woman: You always got away with murder because you were the baby of the family. Man: No, I was just better behaved than you. Woman: Sure you were. That’s why you were always finding excuses for all the things you did and blaming stuff on us when you were about to get caught. Man: It’s not my fault if I was smarter than you. Woman: Cunning would be a better way of putting it. It had nothing to do with intelligence. In fact, you were a bit of a dunce at primary school. Man: Oh cheers! Well I certainly made up for it didn’t I? Where’s your degree then clever clogs? Now you will hear the recording again.

EXTRACT 3 You will hear two people talking about their partners. Now look at questions 5 and 6. Paul: How are things between you and Brian, Jenny? Jenny: Oh you know, the same old situation. I don’t see why he bothered to propose. I doubt if we will ever get round to tying the knot. I think his divorce really affected him more deeply than he’s prepared to admit. Paul: Don’t be so harsh on him. You need to look on the bright side. You have a great relationship and the very fact that he has proposed shows that he’s committed to you. He just needs a bit more reassurance. Be supportive and have some fun together. You two both work too hard. Now you will hear the recording again. That’s the end of Part 1

Part 2 You will hear a report about the 11-plus exam in Britain. For questions 7-14, complete the sentences. Speaker: Children as young as eight are being tutored to pass the 11-plus exam as competition for grammar school places increases. But many struggle when they arrive and the experience can be damaging, say leading headteachers. Experts also say, over-tutoring does not significantly help. The warnings follow a Times investigation which found that parents are spending up to £1,500-a-year on personal tutors to get their children into the 164 surviving grammar schools. These schools admit to receiving, on average, five applications for every place. Headteachers warned this week that the practice could be damaging children’s confidence and risks undermining academic performance later in school life. Dr Mike Walker, headmaster of a grammar school in Chelmsford said that the nature of 11-plus type exams requires accuracy at speed, and with unpredictable questions, tutoring can only teach familiarity and technique. What is fundamentally important is what’s appropriate for an individual. If a child is tutored above their natural level of capability for any exam then they could have a miserable time on joining the school. The Grammar School Association estimates that 75,000 children annually sit the 11-plus for only 20,000 places. Its chairman said that children should not be pushed beyond their natural ability to pass the 11-plus. If they are over-tutored then there is a chance they may become unhappy during their subsequent seven years at school. A study by Bristol University in 2004 showed that children from disadvantaged backgrounds are less likely to go to grammar schools than their

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more affluent peers, even if they are just as clever. In the 19 counties where significant selection remains, just 2 per cent of pupils attending grammar schools are entitled to free school meals, compared with 12 per cent at other secondary schools in those areas. The number of children being tutored to pass the 11-plus has been fuelled by the growth in websites offering coaching for children. Prices for online tutoring differ hugely, but some parents are paying up to £1,500 for one-year courses. One web-based tutoring service offers a 91-hour course costing £1,365 with an additional £285 for materials. Tutors offer contradictory advice about the suitability of courses as preparation for the 11-plus. One website claims these courses gradually prepare children as young as eight for the exam, but another suggests that it is never too late to start preparation. Now you will hear Part 2 again. That’s the end of Part 2.

Part 3 You will hear two psychologists talking about modern childhood. For questions 15-20, choose the answer (A, B, C or D), which fits best according to what you hear. Daniel: I hope this isn’t going to deteriorate into a “What is childhood?” discussion - the one about solemn little miniature adults in old portraits and infants who toiled from dawn to dusk in the fields, and poor unfortunates whipped within an inch of their lives by sadistic schoolteachers. Or, alternatively, a debate about the adventures of Huck Finn and the Famous Five, and apparent carefree innocence. There have been many versions of childhood in fact and fiction, and I dare say there’ll be many more. Louise: Well, according to a recent newspaper report, childhood is dying. So those cheeky little scamps I saw challenging each other to throw their school bags on top of a bus-stop must have been a figment of my imagination. Or perhaps they were making a political stand against the rigidities of the formal curriculum. Who knows? Apparently a group of adults do. Academics and professionals have put their signatures to a letter, subsequently championed by the Daily Telegraph newspaper and the Tory Party, articulating the fall of childhood innocence. My heart is with the sentiments of this campaign, but I worry that it loses sight of practical wisdom. Daniel: At birth, all children are distractible, impulsive, egocentric creatures, but by the time they reach teenage years we expect them - as a result of their experiences, environment and education - to have acquired a degree of self-control, an ability to see other people’s points of view and the basic skills needed to enjoy their life ahead. It’s the development from babyhood to adolescence that I investigated for my book, Toxic Childhood, and my conclusion was that many children in Britain today are indeed being robbed of the chance of a healthy childhood. Many reach adolescence with poor attention spans and self-control and a distinct lack of empathy for the people around them. Their main basic skill is ticking boxes on tests, and this is scandalous. Louise: As one of the richest, most highly developed nations in the world, we really should be able to provide the sort of childhood that allows the next generation to grow up happy, healthy and civilised. Instead many of our children have developed a taste for unhealthy food, a couch-potato lifestyle and have related problems with sleeping. An unacceptable number suffer from inadequate early emotional bonding, lack of interaction with their parents and a high level of emotional instability. Rather than stimulating, real-life experiences, children have TV and computer games at home and a narrow test-and-target driven curriculum at school. Moral guidance has suffered as societies have become increasingly confused, while children are constantly exposed to manipulative advertising and the excesses of celebrity culture. In a recent survey of children’s wellbeing among the countries of the European Union, the UK came 21st out of 25. We should be ashamed of ourselves. Daniel: Yes, I believe we are robbing our children of something we could provide: the conditions in which we grow up bright, balanced and wellbehaved. Somehow in the turmoil of rapid social, cultural and technological change over the last 20 years or so, our society has lost sight of essential truths about child development and education. As a nation, we need to provide parents with information on children’s developmental needs, including real food, real play, first-hand experience and real-life interaction with the significant adults in their lives. Since parents are terrified by media hysteria about “stranger danger” and the fevered imaginings of the health and safety lobby, they also need information about the real dangers from which children should be protected - for instance, TVs and other technological paraphernalia in their bedrooms. As a profession, teachers should refuse to participate in the drive to accelerate childhood with an ever-earlier start to formal education and a competitive winners-and-losers approach to primary education. We should boycott the tests, targets and league tables and do what we as professionals know is best for children. It’s time we stopped robbing the next generation of their right to grow up healthy, happy and whole. Now you’ll hear Part 3 again. That’s the end of Part 3


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Part 4 Part 4 consists of two tasks. You will hear five short extracts in which people are talking about workaholism. For questions 21-25, choose from the list A-H the person who is speaking. Now look at task 2. For questions 26-30, choose from the list A-H what each speaker is expressing. While you listen you must complete both tasks.

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weekends. Americans tend not to engage in that kind of nicety. There is something to be said for civility, but at times it can get in the way of progress. Now you’ll hear Part 4 again. That’s the end of Part 4.

TEST 5 Part 1

Speaker 1 The word ‘workaholic’ implies we’re addicted to work in the way that alcoholics are addicted to drink; that we are out of control. And I see no evidence anywhere to suggest that there has been an increase in actual addiction to work. I’m out and about and work strange hours, depending on what’s happening in the world on a particular day. In today’s labour market of flexitime and remote working, we probably work fewer hours overall. And the people who are working too hard are not the poor masses, they are the corporate lawyers in air-conditioned offices; the senior people who manage their own working hours. Most of them are not paid overtime, so the obvious conclusion is that they are working because they’re committed to what they’re doing. It’s not something that’s going to be solved by governments or regulations: predominantly, it’s an internal conflict. I really wanted to be good at my job and I enjoy presenting the facts in an honest and unbiased way. That involves a lot of research and a lot of time out at events and incidents. But, I also want to go home and spend time with my kids. Speaker 2 I worked for years with companies such as Saatchi, and I’d regularly be up at 5am. I did it because I was passionate about my work, and commanding good money, and that’s a heady thing to resist. I prided myself on my creativity and the fact that my work directly increased the turnover and status of the companies I promoted. I had a sleeping bag under my desk at work and eventually when my wife threw me out, I lived in the storeroom. One day my brain just went ‘bang’. I came home from work and it was as if my whole body had shut down. I had to create some boundaries, to safeguard my home life, creativity and sanity. Today, I have my own business. I do the same thing as I did before but I’m usually home by 6.30pm and with the kids at weekends. The key has been working less, and more intuitively. Workaholism is not about putting in the necessary hours, it’s about not being able to make up your mind. It’s lack of clarity, hedging bets, staying late and going with 60 options instead of the one right one. Speaker 3 My stresses are not the stresses of a managing director in the City, but they are financial and physical: stooping down, straining my back, carrying heavy equipment every day. You have to make a lot of sacrifices just to survive in a city like London. The cost of living is very high and it’s hard to find work. I would like to work as an administrator or a translator but because I have bills to pay I do a manual, boring job because I know I can rely on the work. I work probably 45 hours a week to be able to afford my lifestyle - which is a room in a shared household with many other people. I’m not complaining. It’s OK, it is honest work and it keeps me fit, but it is not necessarily what I imagined myself doing at 38. Maybe a managing director lives to work, but I am working to live. If he is a workaholic, it is because he loves his job. That is a privilege and a luxury. If he works too much it is out of choice; If I work too much it is out of necessity. Speaker 4 I love my job. I am a conscientious worker. I spend most of my time working and my mind is always full of work. Mentally you’re always on duty with this kind of work. I believe we all have a need to be a functioning part of society and, strange as it sounds, just having to pay my taxes makes me feel as though I’m contributing to society. As a nation, our identities are bound up with our jobs. In my job there is an element of danger and so there has to be discipline and order but it also defines who I am. The first question people ask each other is, ‘What do you do?’ But there is a line between a committed, contributing and conscientious worker and somebody who really doesn’t know when to put his pen down and go home. If workaholism is on the rise, then that’s a sad symptom of modern life. These are people who don’t watch their children grow up because they are too busy playing golf with the boss. Sadly, they are also the ones who seem to die within two or three years of retiring. Speaker 5 I have brought my workaholic attitude over with me. I’m in the office at the crack of dawn until early evening, dealing with branches all over the world. I haven’t seen any worrying evidence of workaholism here. People here take their work/life balance pretty seriously; they are religious about their weekends. You get 27 days holiday here, and feel an obligation to take all 27. In the US, in my field, no one ever took all 20 holiday days. After all, the world of finance never really stops for a break. I also find the Brits mix work and socialising to a far greater extent than we do in the States. Here, you can’t get going on a Monday morning unless you first ask about people’s

You’ll hear three different extracts. For questions 1-6, choose the answer (A, B or C) which fits best according to what you hear. There are two questions for each extract.

EXTRACT 1 You will hear two people talking about wildlife in the area they live in. Now look at questions 1 and 2. Man: You know, I find it quite astounding the way that people flock through this area to go birdwatching and yet on route they are completely oblivious to the marvel of the birds here on [in] the Lowlands. Woman: I know. Every Friday night when I’m driving home from the shop, the motorway plays host to a rush of weekend visitors, buzzing past the flat lowlands, on their way to the hillier areas of Dartmoor and Exmoor. Man: It seems it’s a locals’ well-kept secret that the starlings’ dance in the sky here is probably one of the best natural sights there is to be seen in this area. It makes me want to stop them all and tell them. Woman: Maybe it’s not such a bad thing. They’d start to build tea shops and car parks and the area would be ruined. Now you will hear the recording again.

EXTRACT 2 You will hear two people talking about a disturbance in the night. Now look at questions 3 and 4. Woman: Did you hear that terrible racket last night? Man: Yes, it woke me up. Woman: It sounded like a battleground. I thought it was a gang of youngsters messing around at first. Man: I went to investigate because I thought we might have prowlers. Woman: There has been a spate of burglaries in this area recently. I did consider calling the police but I couldn’t see anyone out of the window. Man: Well, from the mess around our rubbish bins this morning it was obvious what it was as there was litter everywhere where it had been looking for food. Woman: Our bins weren’t touched but I’m glad my cat was in or it could have been eaten. Now you will hear the recording again.

EXTRACT 3 You will hear two people discussing a site where domestic rubbish is officially dumped. Now look at questions 5 and 6. Woman: I can see why people are campaigning to block the new landfill site as the one just outside town is pretty smelly and unsightly. But, on the other hand, it provides food for many species of birds. Man: Well, yes, it’s a fact that some species have seen their numbers increase substantially due to the abundance of insects and worms found on or around the dumps. Woman: If the new site isn’t opened - and in fact the original one may be closed - it could send the bird population into decline again in this area. Man: But it has been argued that birds feeding on these sites, regularly die of poisoning. Woman: I don’t know if the council will opt for incineration instead of creating more tips, but I think that the smoke from the incinerators causes more pollution than the tips do. Man: I’ve heard that the whole thing has been put on hold until more research can be carried out. Now you will hear the recording again. That’s the end of Part 1

Part 2 You will hear part of a radio report about marine life in the UK. For questions 7-14, complete the sentences. Speaker: Nowhere is the need for the ecosystem-based management more pressing than in British waters. According to WWF-UK, our marine environment is facing more problems than ever, not only from conventional threats such as overfishing, pollution and coastal development, but also from sand and gravel extraction and construction associated with off-shore wind farms and the sequestration of carbon dioxide. Those species most in danger include the turtle, shark, Atlantic salmon and pink coral, while such habitats as salt marshes and seagrass and maerl beds also face considerable pressure. At present, specific areas within UK waters are protected according to UK and EU legislation as Marine Nature Reserves or special Areas of


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Conservation. But these areas are failing to halt the decline. Scientists recommend that 20-30 per cent of the marine environment should be fully protected from damaging and extractive activities. However, at present, the only region in which all species and their habitats are managed in this way is a 3.3-square- kilometre area off the east coast of Lundy Island in the Bristol Channel - a mere 0.002 per cent of our waters. Organisations such as the MCS, the British Sub-aqua Club and WWF-UK are currently campaigning for the creation of a network of highly protected marine reserves - what the fishing industry would call no-take zones - where all extractive activities are prohibited. Case studies from around the world show that fully protected reserves are the only way to maintain marine biodiversity. It’s quite clear that the current system is inadequate. We have to protect a representative number of habitats as a whole if we are to stop the decline of wildlife in UK waters. Not only do we need a network of protected areas, we should also manage fisheries from the perspective of biodiversity and the health of the ecosystem. Historically, we’ve always looked at these things independently, so at the policy level, fisheries aren’t integrated into the planning process. They are considered separately from environmental issues. So when fisheries councils consider stocks and quotas and so on, they don’t consider the environmental impact unless they have some impact on the stock. We need an overall strategy for marine spatial management that considers the impacts on biodiversity and ecosystems not just the stocks. Now you will hear Part 2 again. That’s the end of Part 2.

Part 3 You will hear part of a radio interview about fox hunting. For questions 15-20, choose the answer (A, B, C or D), which fits best according to what you hear. Interviewer (woman): Given that it’s been two years since the ban on hunting with hounds came into effect, it’s a strange experience to attend a fox hunt these days. Strange, because they seem to operate in the same way they did before the ban. At a hunt in north Dorset, I watched as hounds sniffed around a thicket as if there were a fox hiding within it. If a fox had been there and it broke cover, the dogs would surely have given chase. Today we have Brian Hook in the studio. Brian is a hunt monitor for the International Fund for Animal Welfare. Brian, what is the situation these days? Brian: Well, Sally, it seems to us that most hunts have barely changed their modus operandi. A reasonable person seeing hounds chasing foxes from one part of the countryside to the other would believe they are hunting. I attend at least three hunts a week during the season, but that’s out of 200 that go out about twice a week. There is no way we can possibly know what is going on everywhere. Interviewer: Clearly monitoring hunts is never going to be a police priority is it? But, it has to be said that this law has attempted to eradicate the hunters’ way of life and they will do anything to keep the infrastructure in place. Brian: Well there is another issue here and that is that it is very difficult for the police to get a successful prosecution because you have to prove intent. Hunts can go out with their hounds and draw them through a cover. It’s called trail hunting and it’s perfectly legal. If the hounds chase, catch and kill a fox, then in order to prosecute, the police need not only evidence, but have to prove that the huntsman intended this to happen. Interviewer: But there have been successful prosecutions, haven’t there? Brian: Yes. In 2006, Exmoor Foxhounds huntsman, Richard Black was found guilty of breaking the ban after two hounds were filmed hunting a fox. Black argued that he was using the hounds to flush the fox so that it could be shot, which is permitted under an exemption to the act. But the magistrate found that Black had failed to shoot the fox as soon as possible after it had been flushed, and to keep the hounds under his control. Hunts have since been advised not to hunt using the exemptions, because they are more likely to be prosecuted. Interviewer: What impact do you believe the hunting act is having on the countryside? Brian: It was always intended to be a welfare bill. People are saying more foxes are being killed because more are being shot. A minority believes the opposite, that the countryside will be overrun with foxes. Basically the aim of the bill was to stop them being killed inhumanely. Where people disagree is over whether hunting is more or less humane than shooting as some people claim that shooting is less reliable as some foxes are not cleanly shot and may suffer for days before they die. Interviewer: This debate has been going on for many years, and given that there are no hard statistics on wounding rates, and that your view on the relative humaneness of being torn apart by dogs is bound to be subjective, it’s not going to be resolved in the near future. So, even though hunting most mammals with dogs is now illegal, the debate is very much alive and looks as though it will continue for the foreseeable future and the animal rights activists will continue to be busy. Now you’ll hear Part 3 again. That’s the end of Part 3.

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Part 4 Part 4 consists of two tasks. You will hear five short extracts in which people are talking about animals. For questions 21-25, choose from the list A-H the person who is speaking. Now look at task 2. For questions 26-30, choose from the list A-H what each speaker is expressing. While you listen you must complete both tasks. Speaker 1 There are very strict laws now about the movement of animals, especially from abroad. But, unfortunately some people still smuggle animals into the country as people will pay a high price for them. The fact that they are endangering many species by doing this doesn’t seem to bother them. Of course, we don’t deal in anything illegal as there are plenty of interesting creatures that can be purchased without having to break the law. Speaker 2 Obviously in different parts of the world the problem of animal conservation varies. In my work I try to capture the essence of the animal. I have tremendous respect for animals and I am aware that my job can be quite dangerous if I get too close. It’s upsetting when you come across something like a wounded deer that has been shot. I always do my best to contact the authorities in that situation so that it can be put out of its misery. Speaker 3 Yes, it’s true that I make a living out of wild animals in a way and I’d like to think that I’m quite knowledgeable about the animals in Africa. People come all year round to take hundreds of photographs. They all want an elephant and a big cat. I don’t think the tourists I escort harm the environment though and if every now and then we have to shoot a threatening animal to protect our clients - well, that’s the law of the jungle as they say - I’m not going to lose any sleep over it. Speaker 4 It’s becoming harder and harder to survive in our trade. Everything is changing - thanks largely to the huge supermarket chains who want to pay us the absolute minimum. After expenses there’s very little money left for us and they are on a huge profit. We are in danger of becoming a dying breed, and if that happens, people will get a nasty shock. Even the vegetarians would have a problem. Where will they get their dairy products if we are put out of business? Speaker 5 So, I may get caught. It wouldn’t be the first time. I got a small fine last time and that was it. No big deal. I feel so strongly about this cause that I will never give up. I have a full time job but I’m prepared to give up all my free time to protect these unfortunate creatures. I’m sick of people justifying such atrocities. And, if it means that I have to be in violent situations, so be it. As long as it wakes people up to what is really going on in these places. Someone has to take a stand. Now you’ll hear Part 4 again. That’s the end of Part 4.


EXTRACT 1 You will hear two people talking about a lost Leonardo Da Vinci painting. Now look at questions 1 and 2. Woman: After thirty years on the trail of Leonardo Da Vinci's lost masterpiece, ‘The Battle of Anghiari’, an Italian engineer and art expert, Maurizio Seracini thinks he is about to solve one of the art world’s greatest mysteries. Seracini: Please don’t make me out to look like Indiana Jones searching for the lost ark. I’m more like a mixture between a doctor and a detective. Woman: Well, your unassuming manner and typical professor’s appearance couldn’t be further from Harrison Ford’s image. Seracini: I’ve been using medical and military technology such as thermography, X-ray and radar scans to look behind a mural painted by Vasari, a great admirer of Da Vinci's work. It looks like Vasari probably put a wall in front of Da Vinci's mural to paint his own commissioned painting without damaging Da Vinci's. Now you will hear the recording again.

EXTRACT 2 You will hear two people talking about the new Sylvester Stallone film. Now look at questions 3 and 4. Man: What did you think of the film then? Was it as good as you’d expected it to be? Woman: Well the plot was a bit thin and the fast car chases made it a bit


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like a mafioso film. I’d expected it to be more romantic from all the reviews that I’d read about it. Man: Yes, I agree, it was the same old Rambo stuff really, wasn’t it? Although I quite enjoyed the car chases and the boxers punching each others lights out. Woman: I guess it was an improvement on his last movie and I wouldn’t mind buying the soundtrack, but then Stallone isn’t on that, is he? Now you will hear the recording again.

EXTRACT 3 You will hear two people talking about sailing. Now look at questions 5 and 6. Woman: Look at those yachts. Some of them are stunning, aren’t they? They must be worth a million. Talk about luxury. Man: Well yes, exactly. Your average man or woman off the street couldn’t take up sailing for a hobby - not in one of those yachts anyway. It’s an expensive pastime. Woman: I’m completely in awe of those intrepid chaps who go out there against waves as a big as a house. Man: They are daft if you ask me. No not really, I admire those kind of sailors too. You’ve got to have your wits about you. After all, it’s not about being good in the water, it’s about staying out of the water! Now you will hear the recording again. That’s the end of Part 1

Part 2 You will hear a radio report about an art exhibition. For questions 7-14, complete the sentences. Speaker: A major new exhibition traces the decline of the absolute monarchy and rise of the Enlightenment that swept through Northern Europe in the 18th and 19th centuries, and shows how portraits reflected the revolutionary changes of that era. Called “Citizens and Kings”, the show at London’s Royal Academy of Arts gathers works by artists like Goya, Ingres, Joshua Reynolds, Jaques-Louis David and Thomas Gainsborough. The early works feature kings and queens in their pomp and finery, confident in the supreme power they believe they have been given as their birth right. But war and revolution in the United States and France challenged that assumption, and painters and sculptors began to portray Enlightenment leaders as statesmen weighed down by civic duty and championing reason and scientific development. Philosophers, naturalists and poets became favoured subjects along with the tools of their trade, the aristocracy with its privileges and family portraits lost their dynamic stiffness to take on new intimacy and affection. According to Mary Anne Stevens, exhibition curator, the intention of the exhibition was to survey a period in history where the Western World was undergoing seismic changes. The first room shows a 1789 painting of France’s Louis XVI by Antoine-Francois Callet, where the king stands in his full regalia with a scepter and staff of justice, all in a grand architectural setting. Four years later he would be executed a few months before his wife, Marie Antoinette, in a death that changed European attitudes to the monarchy. The American and French upheavals of the late-18th century brought with them radical changes in the way the two nations were captured on canvas. George Washington, in a painting by Gilbert Stuart dated around 1800, wears a sober black outfit and stands back with a large hat, quill and inkwell for writing and two historic books in his hands. Significant political changes become clear when comparing two portraits of women separated by just one year. In 1789, the beginning of the French Revolution, Elisabeth VigeeLebrun paints a French Comtesse sitting on an elegant Rococo sofa in a fine white dress and large rimmed hat, confidently confronting the onlooker. In 1790, David paints the Marquise D'Orvilliers demurely dressed, looking to one side and against a neutral background showing that she had lost her social standing. The exhibition also includes Enlightenment heroes whose claim to fame was talent rather than birth, including the scientist James Hutton in a distinctly unglamorous pose next to fossils and shells that signify his scientific discoveries. Now you will hear Part 2 again. That’s the end of Part 2.

Part 3 You will hear an interview with a yoga teacher. For questions 15-20, choose the answer (A, B, C or D), which fits best according to what you hear. Man: What comes into your mind when you hear the word yoga? Well, if you think of women in seemingly impossible poses, that require endless practice, then you may have an inkling of what yoga is. But that’s it - an inkling. You’ve got a long way to go before fully understanding yoga. I am certainly no expert, but I have someone in the studio today who can let us in on the

AUDIOSCRIPT

yoga secret. Sarah, welcome to the show. Sarah: Thank you, John. Well yoga is an ancient Indian body of knowledge that dates back more than 5000 years ago. The word “Yoga” comes from the Sanskrit word “yuj” which means “to unite or integrate”. Ancient Yogis had a belief that in order for man to be in harmony with himself and his environment, he has to integrate the body, the mind and the spirit. For these three to be integrated, emotion, action and intelligence must be in balance. The yogis formulated a way to achieve this balance and it is done through exercise, breathing and meditation - the three main yoga structures. There is a general misconception that in meditation, your mind has to go blank. It doesn’t have to be so. In meditation, students bring the activities of the mind into focus resulting in a ‘quiet’ mind. By designing physical poses and breathing techniques that develop awareness of our body, yoga helps us focus and relieves us from our everyday stress. Man: So what does one need to get started with yoga? I get the impression that you don’t need any special equipment. Is that correct? Sarah: Yes, you basically don’t need anything to practice yoga. The important thing is your attitude - a big heart and a small ego. Some loose fitting clothes and a small secluded spot in your house will be enough for you to start with. A balanced diet also adds a great deal in yoga practice. A four hour interval between meals is advised. To get to know the basic postures, you can buy an introduction book, video or DVD. Man: There are so many books, DVDs, videos etc; how can someone know which one to buy? How can we know if someone really knows what they are talking about or if it’s dangerous to follow their advice? I mean, it seems to me that you could do yourself a lot of damage if you don’t know what you are doing and there isn’t a professional instructor to keep an eye on you. I’ve heard horror stories of people getting physically stuck practising yoga. Sarah: You have some valid concerns there John and I think the best advice is to go for a few classes with an instructor and then if you want to purchase a book or DVD, make sure it is by someone who is qualified to teach yoga. You can do yoga at different times of the day. Practising first thing in the morning is an excellent way to revitalise the mind and body, while practising yoga, breathing and meditation exercises at night helps induce a deep, restful sleep. Like in regular exercise, you always start with the easy poses to condition your body for the more difficult exercise that follows. Do not strain yourself. Pause when you feel pain or fatigue. As little as 15 minutes of breathing and meditation each day can yield benefits. Man: So how does someone decide if yoga is for them? Sarah: Yoga is for anyone who is willing to learn its ways and ideas. All you require is the will to have a healthier, stress-free self. You may first approach yoga as a way to achieve a great body or to keep fit and that is perfectly alright. Yoga really does improve your entire skeletal system. But, do not just take advantage of what yoga can offer. Yoga encourages you to reflect on yourself and to find your inner peace. It exercises not just your body but your mind as well. With a healthy body and mind, you’re on your way to a more fulfilling life. Now you’ll hear Part 3 again. That’s the end of Part 3.

Part 4 Part 4 consists of two tasks. You will hear five short extracts in which people are talking about extreme sports. For questions 2125, choose from the list A-H the person who is speaking. Now look at task 2. For questions 26-30, choose from the list A-H what each speaker is expressing. While you listen you must complete both tasks. Speaker 1 Mountain bike Endurance Races are becoming more popular through the years. These events are well-known to the non-professional and recreational riders like myself as these are more like races against oneself. Unlike Lap Racing, Endurance Racing courses are either larger laps or point-to-point. Rehydration and refreshments may be taken anytime and anywhere. Assistance between competitors is allowed in order to promote camaraderie amongst riders. This sport keeps me fit and absolutely doesn’t allow me to smoke, which is something I preach about to my patients all the time but I have struggled to completely quit myself. Speaker 2 People of almost all ages can enjoy this sport and recreation. There are many diving variations that you can try. Some of these are recreational diving, cave diving, wreck diving and professional diving. Each one guarantees a different kind of adventure and experience you will never forget. No matter what type of diving you try, you can be sure that it will be exciting and fun. It will also be educational since you get to know the various facets of marine life and [the] underwater world in general. In my profession, we have a bit of a reputation for having [a] vast general knowledge and passengers love to chat so it’s a great sport to tell people about. It’s not just a fun and challenging sport. Diving can take you to places you never knew existed. Like many people say, ‘It’s a different world down there.’ Speaker 3


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Ice climbers are drawn by relatively untouched regions which provide stunning scenery. Moreover, there are countless challenging vertical ice walls one can choose from. It is a great exercise outlet during winter season as it helps in toning muscle and improving balance, endurance and flexibility. It gets me back in shape after the indulgence of Christmas. It’s a physically and mentally challenging sport that really tests one’s climbing skill and technique. It’s also a sociable activity that draws groups of climbers into one climb or expedition. Needless to say camaraderie among ice-climbers is developed. But, on the other hand, you can find yourself in a silent world and completely alone which is quite wonderful. During term time, I sometimes think of those moments and yearn for them when a group of loud teenagers are giving me a headache! Speaker 4 I’m actually very fit. I’m on the go all the time with my job. I’ve got an oldfashioned bike. No warm van for me on my round. Maybe that’s why I don’t mind spending my free time in the cold weather. Snowboarding is an extreme winter sport with a considerable chance of injuries ranging from innocent little slips to high impact crashes. Beginning [beginner] snowboarders are the ones who normally get injured even though they attempt less dangerous moves than advanced snowboarders. This is because they haven’t learned how to maintain a stable stance on the snowboard yet and are thus more likely to lose [their] balance and fall. In fact, nearly 25% of injuries occur during a snowboarders first experience and almost one-third occur during the first season of snowboarding. Speaker 5 I’m cooped up all day and most evenings so when I get a day off, there’s nothing I enjoy more than the free feeling of bungee jumping. Bungee jumping is an activity in which a person jumps off from a high place with one end of an elastic cord attached to his body and the other end tied to the jumping off point. When the person jumps the cord stretches and the jumper will fly upwards as the cord snaps back. The jumper then oscillates up and down until the initial energy of the jump is dissipated. There are strict guidelines governing jumps and the most important is the calculation of the length of the cord, its elasticity and the height of the jump. You need to know the impact on the cord from the fall of the person. Different materials have different rates of stretch. It’s a bit like when I decide on the right amount of an ingredient for a recipe. Now you’ll hear Part 4 again. That’s the end of Part 4.


EXTRACT 1 You will hear two friends talking. Now look at questions 1 and 2. Brian: How did your riding weekend with Annie go, Karen? Karen: Well, it was a bit of a mixed bag to be honest. My riding is a bit shaky to say the least and it had been years since I’d been on a horse, but I thought it would be worth it to do a bit of mother-daughter bonding. Brian: Annie is quite proficient on a horse isn’t she? Karen: Yes, well she’s had a lot of lessons with a good friend of mine who is an instructor. In fact I should have had a few myself before going on the weekend trip. By the time we arrived at the stables I was beginning to doubt whether the whole thing was a good idea. Annie had been happily telling me horror stories of riding accidents that she knew about, but I thought I’d got that far and I’d stick with it. Unfortunately, I was worse than I thought and I really felt like the class dunce. I spent the whole weekend with a group of seven-year-olds while Annie had a whale of a time in the adult group. So much for our bonding weekend! Now you will hear the recording again.

EXTRACT 2 You will hear part of an interview with an actor about how he tries to keep fit. Now look at questions 3 and 4. Woman: Now Bob, you lead a hectic life. How do you keep on top of everything without getting too rundown? Bob: Well, I have to make a real effort to keep in reasonable shape because I do have a lot of work on. If you aren’t fairly fit, it affects everything you do. I hate jogging especially as it rains so much in this country and I’d miss so many mornings by hiding in bed instead of getting up for a run. So I go to the gym. It’s not my favourite pastime but it’s a necessary evil. Woman: So have you joined half of the population by making a New Year resolution to keep fit?

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Bob: I don’t really believe in New Year resolutions myself, but anything that spurs people on to improve their life in some way has to be a good thing. It would be good if more people gave themselves a fighting chance though and didn’t give up so easily. Now you will hear the recording again.

EXTRACT 3 You will hear two people talking about a new activity they have taken up. Now look at questions 5 and 6. Alison: Hi George, how did the skating go? George: Well, you know I decided to take little Susan skating because I’d found my old skates while I was clearing out the loft. We hired a pair for Susan to wear and I was dying to see if I still had what it takes. Actually, although I say so myself, I was quite good. Alison: Well I went to my first line dancing class on Saturday and it was great fun. I’d expected a lot of people to be wearing cowboy hats and of course it was nothing like that. The music was a bit old-fashioned, but boy, it was hard work. I really worked up a sweat. I’ll definitely keep it up. Now you will hear the recording again. That’s the end of Part 1

Part 2 You will hear a radio report about panic attacks. For questions 7-14, complete the sentences. Speaker: Panic attacks are the subconscious mind’s ‘fight or flight’ response to what it perceives to be a threatening situation. It is common for people to experience their first panic attack following periods of high stress. Initially, you seem to have coped well with the situation and then suddenly, often months later, you have an attack. The first physical sign is usually heart palpitations. Most people feel that they are not getting enough air so they gasp, hyperventilate or in other words, over breathe. Other symptoms include tingling in the hands and feet, chest pain, sweating, faintness and stomach pains. Each person has their own symptoms, which usually remain the same. There are, however, things you can do to stop or reduce the impact of a panic attack. It’s worth buying a diary so that you can record any negative thoughts you have about a situation before it happens. Then, challenge them by considering how accurate they are. Set about turning them into positive, constructive thoughts. If you do have an attack, stay where you are, so your mind gets the message that the place isn’t really threatening. Although your immediate anxiety will decrease if you run away, this might lead to increased anxiety in the future, so it’s the worst thing you can do. You need to learn to relax. Active relaxation involves tensing for a few seconds and then relaxing, in turn, every muscle that you can think of in your body - usually starting from the face, scalp and neck and moving down to the feet. Using this relaxation technique at night can also aid sleep. An attack can be treated very simply by breathing in and out with a paper bag held to your mouth. This helps to reduce your loss of carbon dioxide as you re-inhale the carbon dioxide you’ve exhaled. Holding your breathe for as long as possible can also help prevent loss of carbon dioxide. If you can hold your breath for between 10 and 15 seconds, and repeat this a few times, it will be sufficient to calm hyperventilation. In the long term, you can lower your stress levels and stop the likelihood of panic attacks by learning deep, diaphragmatic breathing. If you practice this regularly, several times a day, your body will have no choice but to relax. Finally, try a natural remedy such as camomile tea which works on the same brain receptors as anti-anxiety drugs, or the herb, Valerian or aconite which can ease the effects of acute panic attacks. Now you will hear Part 2 again. That’s the end of Part 2.

Part 3 You will hear an interview with a psychologist about friendships. For questions 15-20, choose the answer (A, B, C or D), which fits best according to what you hear. Presenter: Walk into any bookshop and there are self-help manuals on every aspect of human behaviour, including how to cope with difficult partners, awkward bosses, contrary children - but very little on how to manage friendships. ‘Managing’ friendships sounds cold, but it’s essential if you value them and want to keep them, or want to learn when it’s time to let them go. Your friendship landscape changes through life. You marry and have less in common with single friends. You move and keeping up with old friends proves hard. Sometimes the changes are more subtle: you experience a life crisis and some friends can’t or won’t support you. You become successful and friends feel awkward around you. Change in one of you means the fit between you alters. That’s when you find out if the relationship has the capacity to evolve, or if it’s just come to a natural end. In the studio today we have Barbara Smith, a psychologist. Barbara, welcome to the show.


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Barbara: Thank you John. Well, there’s only one rule of friendship: it must be mutually beneficial. Friendships can be put into categories. Firstly, let’s look at the foul-weather friend. On the surface, this is a totally dependable, loyal friend, particularly when you are having a bad time. But the downside with this foul-weather friend is that they’ll put a dampener on you when you’re up, forever pointing out what can go wrong. They are rarely looking for a more balanced relationship: their self-esteem may be invested in their superior feeling that you are a bit of a disaster area, and they have everything under control. When actually, of course, the opposite is true. Presenter: Now, you’ve got a category called the trophy friend, haven’t you? What do you mean by that exactly? Barbara: Ah yes. That’s the friend that you admire because they are so interesting and popular, or successful in a way you want to be. You can bathe in their reflected glory and feel part of a different social sphere but you must remember that this isn’t necessarily the world you fit into. If they are nice as well, this relationship can bring out the best in you, as you stretch it to be deserving of the friendship. But beware if being with them makes you behave falsely so that you are not true to yourself or to others. This situation can only lead to a downfall and great disappointment. Presenter: What about the friend since childhood who you grew up with? Barbara: The sisterly friend. She might live next door or have gone to school with you. Over the years you have built up a strong relationship that makes her feel more like a sister than a friend. On the plus side, she can bring a real sense of security and support. You can ring her any time and confide in her. She can be a powerful ally, but because she’ll be there whether you like it or not, she has the power to make you miserable if you don’t keep her informed and involved in your life. This friend is like family, you’re so close it can become claustrophobic. For example, if you start a new relationship, she’ll expect to be as big a part of your life as she’s always been. Then you need to define clear boundaries. Presenter: But that sounds like the kind of friend you’d want to hang on to on the whole. So how can you make the decision who a good friend really is and who is no longer a valid person to have in your life? Barbara: Well, good friends should be low maintenance - and that goes for you too. See enough of each other to keep the rapport going: neither demand too much nor avoid so frequently that the relationship becomes unbalanced. If it’s always a moan session, or one of you is often looking for favours or support, the goodwill will soon burn out. It’s always important to be open to making new friends too. Most of us want to see people who make us feel good. It doesn’t mean you have to be a barrel of laughs all the time (which can be off-putting); it’s about showing real interest, being lighthearted and not too obviously needy. Don’t force the pace. Some people need time to get to know you better. It’s best to be pleasant and casual. Don’t bombard them with too many invitations. Don’t assume that one good heart-to heart makes you best friends. Respect their time and other commitments and the friendship will blossom naturally in time. Now you’ll hear Part 3 again. That’s the end of Part 3.

Part 4 Part 4 consists of two tasks. You will hear five short extracts in which people are talking about their weight. For questions 21-25, choose from the list A-H the person who is speaking. Now look at task 2. For questions 26-30, choose from the list A-H what each speaker is expressing. While you listen you must complete both tasks. Speaker 1 Achieving my goal of being slim is wonderful, but the main thing I’ve gained from losing weight has nothing to do with the way I look. It’s the fact that I can join in with anything my children do and the same goes for the children at work. My weight problems started when I was made redundant. I became depressed and I hid myself away. I didn’t realise that depression is a treatable illness. I just thought that I was going crazy and at the same time I was getting bigger and bigger. If only I’d gone to the doctor earlier, I could have recovered sooner. Still, I’m fine now and I have a good job that keeps me both mentally and physically fit. Speaker 2 When I decided to get back into shape, going to the gym was the obvious choice for me; there’s one at the hospital where I work so I don’t have to make a special effort to go anywhere. It was much easier than I’d expected. I’m not into weights but I enjoy the treadmill and the rowing machine. There’s quite a sense of camaraderie there too as lots of people are in the same boat - under doctor’s orders to get fit and lower their blood pressure. We spur each other on when the going gets tough. As I spend most of the day sitting down, it’s crucial that I keep doing the exercise. Speaker 3 You’d think I’d be quite fit as I’m on my feet all day, but I don’t actually get much exercise, apart from my jaw of course. We chat all day, especially to the customers. Restocking shelves is about the most physical my day gets and I don’t have to do that very often. The staff canteen is a disaster area

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for anyone trying to lose weight. It’s dirt cheap and there’s always fresh bread and cakes from the bakery department. When it’s someone’s birthday, there are extra cakes and chocolates on the scene, and it always seems to be someone’s birthday with so many staff. I’ve basically lost weight by starving myself over the last few months. Speaker 4 I have a very sociable job and I enjoy making people feel good about themselves. I guess that’s what inspired me to lose weight really as I want to look my best to create a good impression when a client walks through the door. Basically I’m selling a product and my job is all about changing or improving a person’s image. I get real pleasure from holding up a mirror and making someone smile. Mind you, you should see me first thing on a Sunday morning after a night painting the town red. Good thing my clients can’t see that! Speaker 5 Yes I know I’m out in the fresh air every day and doing a physical job but I’m so tired when I get home that I collapse in front of the TV with a takeaway and have a few drinks. Even at lunchtime I tend to grab a burger in between houses and the clients often bring me out tea and biscuits or a slice of cake. However, my New Year resolution is to join a slimming club and really get to grips with my health. My cousin is going to join with me so hopefully we’ll keep it up. Now you’ll hear Part 4 again. That’s the end of Part 4.


EXTRACT 1 You will hear two people who are waiting for a friend. Now look at questions 1 and 2. Man: You’d think in today’s world of modern technology she could manage to be on time, wouldn’t you? Woman: You know what Pam is like. There are always a hundred last minute jobs to do before she can finally walk out of the house. Man: Does she really need to check everything three times before she leaves? Woman: It’s not as if she is deliberately late. You know that. Man: I know. It’s not her fault but it still annoys me. Woman: Well, we’ve got a lot to do today so I suggest we get the ‘must dos’ over and done with first and then we’ll see if we still have time to go to the matinee cinema. Man: OK. But I need a hot coffee once Pam arrives. I’m freezing! Now you will hear the recording again.

EXTRACT 2 You will hear two people talking about forensic technology. Now look at questions 3 and 4. Woman: I was watching a fascinating programme last night about forensic evidence and how the police use technology to solve crimes. It showed how DNA testing is used more and more to link a suspect to a crime scene. An eyelash can be enough. Of course, it’s still got a long way to go and who knows what method of detection they’ll dream up next. But it’s remarkable what’s already been achieved. Man: I agree with you, but I’m a little apprehensive about the idea of our DNA information being put onto a central police computer. Someone could have left DNA at a crime scene and be a suspect but they may not have committed the crime, especially if they know the victim. No system is foolproof. Now you will hear the recording again.

EXTRACT 3 You will hear two people talking about their son. Now look at questions 5 and 6. Man: Jimmy doesn’t seem to communicate with me anymore. If he’s not out with his friends, he’s in his bedroom doing goodness knows what on the Internet. He used to be much more chatty at dinner time. Woman: Well can you blame him? You are always at work and when you come home you are so tired that you fall asleep in front of the TV after dinner. You have no idea what his interests are and actually you spend a fair amount of time surfing the net yourself. Man: You have a point. Perhaps I’ll ask him if he wants to go out on Saturday and we’ll have a lads’ shopping spree and lunch together. Woman: Good idea. Now you will hear the recording again. That’s the end of Part 1.


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Part 2 You will hear a radio report about a new security body scanner. For questions 7-14, complete the sentences. Speaker: It may sound like a gadget from a futuristic film but the full body scanner, which sees straight through people’s clothing, is coming soon to airports in the UK. A hi-tech security screening system, designed to detect guns and other offensive weapons concealed on the body, will be unveiled this month by the defence technology firm Qinetiq, which is part-owned by the government. The scanners, expected to be deployed within a year as part of Britain’s armoury against terror, capture the naked image of a traveller even if he or she is wearing several layers of clothing. But, to protect peoples’ modesty, they come replete with “fig-leaf technology” that detects which parts of the body need screening out. The system, which uses a special light frequency to see through clothing, was tried out successfully at Gatwick airport and will go on display at this year’s Farnborough air show. The technology was originally developed by the Ministry of Defence to use in military helicopters to enable pilots to see through fog. It has been adapted by Qinetiq, which used to be part of the top secret defence research establishment at Porton Down, for civilian use. The airport scanners are designed to detect concealed metal objects including knives, guns, hand-grenades and shoe bombs on a fully-clad human being. But the millimetre wave sensors will also highlight metallic items of clothing including zips and buttons. The technology is also expected to show the presence of heart pacemakers and metal pins that have been used to help mend broken bones. Airport operators will be thoroughly screened to ensure their motives are not voyeuristic, Qinetiq said. Government sources say the scanners could help tighten security at airports while ensuring that passengers are not subjected to delays. Experts say that the millimetre wave scanner, unlike X-rays, poses no health risk because it uses part of the light spectrum, which people are exposed to every day, to see through clothing. They believe it will cut significant waits for security screening at airports, and dispense with “pat down” searches by security guards. Only people who are shown to be carrying suspicious-looking metallic objects in clothing or shoes will have to be checked by security personnel. “It has the ability to penetrate natural materials,” said one expert. “What you would aim to do is project any threats that are found on to a screen. It would look as if someone was wearing a body stocking.” The technology has already been successfully piloted at British ports, where scanners have seen through lorry walls to detect illegal immigrants being smuggled into Britain. The body scanners are expected to be available within a year for other premises with high security, including government buildings and VIP conferences. Now you will hear Part 2 again. That’s the end of Part 2.

Part 3 You will hear part of a radio interview with a literary critic about Huxley’s novel, Brave New World. For questions 15-20, choose the answer (A, B, C or D), which fits best according to what you hear. Presenter: This morning we have Samantha Protheroe, Professor of Literature at the University of Bristol. Professor Protheroe, there have been many novels written about life in the future. It has always been a subject that has intrigued writers. Why do you think that we have such a fascination for a world that we will never live long enough to see? Professor: It is part of human nature to strive to grow and develop intellectually and so there is an innate interest in where our children and grandchildren and great grandchildren will end up. It’s not so much a fear for their future or a desire to be there with them. It’s more about the adventurer in us. Presenter: Can you give us some background on Huxley and his acclaimed novel, Brave New World? Professor: Aldous Huxley wrote Brave New World in 1932 while he was living in France and England. By this time, Huxley had already established himself as a writer and social satirist. He was a contributor to Vanity Fair and Vogue magazines, had published a collection of his poetry entitled The Burning Wheel in 1916 and published four successful satirical novels. Presenter: So he had already made his mark in the literary world. What was the inspiration behind Brave New World? Professor: Brave New World was inspired by the H.G. Wells utopian novel Men Like Gods. Wells’ optimistic vision of the future gave Huxley the idea to begin writing a parody of the novel. Contrary to the most popular optimistic utopian novels of the time, Huxley sought to provide a frightening vision of the future. Huxley referred to Brave New World as a “negative utopia”, somewhat influenced by Wells’ novel, The Sleeper Awakes and the

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works of D. H Lawrence. Presenter: And what is the novel actually about? Professor: Although the novel is set in the future, it contains contemporary issues of the early 20th century. The Industrial Revolution was bringing about massive changes to the world. Mass production had made cars, telephones and radios relatively cheap and widely available throughout the developed world. The Russian Revolution of 1917 and the First World War were resonating throughout the world. Huxley was able to use the setting and characters from his futuristic fantasy to express widely held opinions, particularly the fear of losing individual identity in the fast-paced world of the future. The event that gave Brave New World much of its character was an early trip to the United States. Not only was Huxley outraged by the culture of youth, commercial cheeriness and inward-looking nature of many of the people, he also found a book by Henry Ford on the boat to America. There was a fear of Americanisation in Europe, so to see America firsthand, as well as read the ideas and plans of its foremost citizens, spurred Huxley on to write Brave New World with America in mind. The sex-hormone chewing gum in the novel is a parody of the ubiquitous chewing gum which is something of a symbol of America (especially at that time) as well as the jazz music they listened to which seemed quite anarchic to Huxley. Presenter: I’m afraid that’s all we have time for today. Professor Prothero, thank you very much. Now you’ll hear Part 3 again. That’s the end of Part 3.

Part 4 Part 4 consists of two tasks. You will hear five short extracts in which people are talking about inventions. For questions 21-25, choose from the list A-H the person who is speaking. Now look at task 2. For questions 26-30, choose from the list A-H what each speaker is expressing. While you listen you must complete both tasks. Speaker 1 I know there is a lot of controversy on their effect on the environment, but I think the aerosol can is an amazing invention. The concept of the aerosol originated as early as 1790, when self-pressurised carbonated beverages were introduced in France. In 1949, canned spray paint was invented by Edward Seymour and the first colour was aluminium. Seymour’s wife suggested the use of the aerosol can filled with paint. I use these for large murals and of course the modern robotic versions are used in industry to spray things such as cars. I get a lot of criticism for using aerosols but I don’t drive a car so my contribution to the pollution problem is a lot less than most people I know so I don’t lose sleep over it. Speaker 2 Now you may argue that this isn’t really an invention, because it’s not a machine or a gadget but denim jeans that have revolutionised the world. Look around you, denim is everywhere and is a great equaliser of class as the poorest kid on the street to the wealthiest film star wears jeans. I wear them to work every day and wouldn’t cope without them outside in the weather and dealing with the cattle. The only time I don’t wear them is if I go to the theatre or to a nice restaurant. That’s quite a rare event though. Speaker 3 I have a lot of free time now so I often go to fairs and exhibitions, and the toy fair is always a favourite of mine, despite my age. In my day of course there was no such thing as a robotic toy. This robotic dog was just wonderful. I used to have a dog but I don’t have the energy to walk one now so this would make a great substitute. I spent an hour playing with it at the toy fair and I did get some funny looks. It works on voice recognition so you really do feel like you are the master and it has its own personality, like a real pet. Of course it doesn’t but the fantasy is fun. I’m very tempted to spend some of my retirement fund on one. Speaker 4 This invention goes back hundreds of years. In fact Leonardo da Vinci actually designed a bicycle in 1490, although it was never made. Mind you, he seemed to draw just about every modern invention hundreds of years before they were actually invented. Pure genius. You wouldn’t catch him without a job. My friends and family call me the biker because I cycle everywhere. Until I get a salary, I can’t afford a car, but I’m not sure that I really want one. Maybe I should be a postal worker, I could cycle all day delivering letters. Sounds good. Speaker 5 I love detective novels and films and have always been interested in forensic science. I think the polygraph machine, or lie detector is a fabulous device. I’d love to have one. I certainly know a few people I’d like to try it on, especially when I suspect someone is being aggressive towards a relative. My job is pretty stressful at times and it’s hard to get the truth out of people especially when they are frightened of the consequences. It’s often what they don’t say that gives the game away. Now you’ll hear Part 4 again. That’s the end of Part 4.


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TEST 9

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Alexandra: Well, to say I am impressed would be an understatement. Don’t expect me to be running along with you, but you sure have my support! Now you will hear the recording again. That’s the end of Part 1.

Part 1 You will hear three different extracts. For questions 1-6, choose the answer (A, B or C) which fits best according to what you hear. There are two questions for each extract.

Part 2

EXTRACT 1

It started harmlessly enough - I got home from work late and I thought to myself, ‘I have just enough time for a bike ride before it gets dark.’ I decided to ride out in the cow pasture on my mountain bike. Easy riding, just slightly challenging for someone who is far from ‘20-something’, and just the right amount of time before sunset for a good cardiovascular workout. I decided to ride to the top of the nearest sagebrush-covered hill. It was a very nice evening with no wind and quite warm. Perfect for a bike ride. Perfect for a bike ride in a manicured park with well maintained perfectly flat bike trails that is! After much puffing and huffing, I reached the top of the hill and stopped for a swig of water and a look around. Turning to look behind me, I spotted IT. IT was a young angus calf all by itself placidly cropping grass. My husband had turned the mama cows out the day before into the larger pasture, with all the calves at their sides - or so he thought. I thought to myself: If I ride down the hill, and go really wide, I can move the calf towards the corner where the gate is. Surely I can get one little calf through the fence on my mountain bike! So off I went. Now, for those who aren't savvy about riding through cow pastures on a mountain bike - try and stay on the cow trails. Then the only thing to worry about is sandy holes that suck in your tires and bring you to a dead stop which throws the rider over the top of their handlebar to land painfully on prickly-pear “swords”. However, when one is riding through the unmarked wilderness of a cow pasture, trying in vain to keep a calf in sight who is running in fear of his life from the crazy lady on a mountain bike, one has to also watch out for large patches of sage brush, hardened cow piles, large holes, and the giant man-eating prickly-pear cacti. Now, to my credit, I did manage to get the calf in the corner by the gate. Of course, the gate was closed. So, I stood there looking at the calf, who stood looking at me. He did not seem terribly worried at this point as I was a good 30 yards away and no longer moving. I slowly, put the mountain bike down and approached the calf hoping to calmly urge him into the gate opening. But the unwary little animal ran as fast as his short legs could carry him in the opposite direction from that which we came, bounding in great leaps, tail and head held high. I ran through the sandy draw surrounding the cattle gate and picked up my bike. I gamely pedaled through the sage brush once again - now uphill. This time I got within feet of him, but alas! I was too close - he turned and scrambled south - away from the gate. We were now a good ½ mile from the gate and darkness was closing in rapidly. So I chased him again. Of course this was all uphill and probably took a good hour...and I ended up losing the little monster. Defeated, I returned to my house and told my sad tale to my husband. He asked why I hadn’t just left the gate open. He explained in an infuriatingly calm voice, that the calf would have gone out the gate and paired up with its mother in the night if I had left the gate open. The next day, my husband and I did manage to drive him without incident back to his mother who hadn't really seemed to notice his absence. My husband and I drove out to the pasture in the pick up truck where we walked the little monster - I mean calf, back to his mother. Now you will hear Part 2 again. That’s the end of Part 2.

You will hear a discussion in which a woman talks to her good friend about his career choice. Now look at questions 1 and 2. Renee: So, David. You’ve been teaching at Ligget for almost five years now. David: I know, I can’t believe it. Time has really flown by. Renee: Did you always want to be a teacher? David: Not at all. To be honest, I just took this job the year after I finished university, because I didn’t know what I wanted to do. I thought teaching maths was a safe thing to do for a year, while I figured out what my next step was [going to be]. I figured with my maths ability I’d go on to get my doctorate in the field and then do research. Renee: What made your plans change? David: In short, I just liked teaching too much! It was very unexpected, as I never saw myself as a teacher before. But, I love the interaction with the students - whether it is challenging them or just having fun and joking with them. And in addition to the job itself, I love the lifestyle it affords me. It provides me with the opportunity to coach and to take the children on excursions. I never have to work nights and I get summers off. If I were a researcher, I’d be working strange and long hours and I wouldn’t have time for hobbies and friends. Sometimes I think my friends wonder why I don’t do something more prestigious... and to be honest, I used to wonder that too... like I ought to be doing more with my talent in maths. But now I realise that prestige doesn’t compare with true happiness. Now you will hear the recording again.

EXTRACT 2 You will hear a conversation where two friends discuss the concert they just attended. Now look at questions 3 and 4. Joan: I really found his performance very disappointing. I feel like I really wasted money on that concert. Tom: I thought it was a fine performance. I think the rain just put you in a bad mood and tainted your view of the rest of it. Joan: No, it’s not that at all. Besides the rain was light and it didn’t last long. No, I am strictly talking about Luda’s performance. I mean, first of all, all the opening acts sang more songs than he did. Tom: You’ve got to admit though, they were pretty good! I saw you dancing to the beat and putting your hands up in the air! Joan: I’m not saying they weren’t talented! In fact they were better than the main performer and that’s my point. I didn’t pay to see them. Luda came out nearly two hours after the concert started and only sang a handful of songs. Tom: Is that your only complaint? Joan: Of course not. As I was saying I paid to see HIM...and with all his songs he kept pointing the microphone out to the crowd. I don’t want to hear a bunch of crazy fans screaming the lyrics. I wanted to hear the artist! Now you will hear the recording again.

EXTRACT 3 You will hear a conversation in which two friends talk about how they can do things to change their way of life. Now look at questions 5 and 6. Alexandra: What on earth made you want to start training for this marathon? Last time I saw you, you kept complaining about how you had to walk too far from the parking lot to your office building. And now you are running hours and hours every day. George: It is quite a change...but that’s the whole point really. A few months ago, I took some blood tests which basically showed I was too stressed out, didn’t eat well and needed more exercise. It really had an impact on me, because I am still young and should be healthy! Alexandra: Well, I can understand that realisation, George. I mean, I too have been trying to make the effort to be healthier...but I simply go to the gym three times a week and try to cut back on the donuts! What you are doing is rather extreme. George: I suppose you are right. But in all honesty, I never planned on making any extreme changes. I started out just running to the end of my street and back. But then one day, I thought, ‘I wonder if I could make it all the way to the next block.’ I tried and made it. From then on, I gave myself a new landmark to reach and before I knew it I was running 30 kilometres a day. Alexandra: Are you at least enjoying the exercise? George: Not all the time; like when I am so tired I feel like I couldn’t go on. But there are those days where I feel so strong and capable. It’s truly a great feeling. And then when I finish I am always so proud of myself. That’s why I’m going to run the marathon. I can only assume the feeling of accomplishment will be stronger.

You will hear a woman talk about an adventurous bike ride she recently took. For questions 7-14, complete the sentences.

Part 3 You will hear part of a radio interview in which a Japanese astronaut, Dr. Takao Doi, talks about his work. For questions 1520, choose the answer (A, B, C or D), which fits best according to what you hear. Lydia: Astronomy Today is honoured to speak to Dr. Takao Doi, a longtime member of Houston Astronomical Society, who has been designated by NASA to duties on a shuttle mission next year. He is the first Japanese astronaut to conduct a spacewalk. Welcome, Dr. Doi. Dr. Doi: I am pleased to be here. Lydia: Why don’t you start talking about when your career really started to take off. Dr. Doi: Certainly. In 1983, the National Space Development Agency of Japan announced that it would recruit three Japanese astronauts in order to conduct the first Japanese space experiments aboard the Space Shuttle. I applied for it and that was the start of my career. Lydia: There was an unfortunate delay in your career at that time, wasn't there? Dr. Doi: Yes, three months after I was selected by NASDA in 1985, the Challenger accident occurred. I became extremely depressed since I felt the future of space development looked dark, however in 1988 the Space Shuttle


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programme resumed and I felt more positive about the future of space development. Lydia: What was the next big accomplishment in your career? Dr. Doi: My next challenge was to participate in the ASCAN class in 1995, and I was certified as a mission specialist in 1996. It finally opened up my chance to fly in space. Lydia: Dr. Doi, what type of preparation was involved besides the obvious required training from NASA? For instance, is there any type of psychological testing to make sure one doesn't "go bonkers" in space? Dr. Doi: In this line of work you must be true to yourself. In space, we encounter unexpected things so you must be able to believe in yourself and do what you think is right. You also must be physically healthy in order to fly in space. We exercise regularly. Lydia: Tell me about your last thoughts as you were being suited up and then upon being jettisoned into space? What does one do while waiting? Dr. Doi: The Space Shuttle Columbia, lifted off on schedule. I waited for the launch aboard the Shuttle [for] about three hours. During that time, I calmly thought about my career and all the training I had received. We reached space in 8 minutes and 30 seconds. During the launch I sat mid-deck with Leonid Kadenyuk who was the first Ukrainian astronaut. We shouted, 'Go! Go! Go!'. We were very happy. When the main engine stopped, and I started floating I realised that I was in space. Lydia: ... and when you got back to earth? What was the first thing you did? Dr. Doi: I opened the circuit breaker in the cockpit, and cut the power to the shuttle's landing gear and then felt I was home. Lydia: And what lesson did you bring back with you and would like to reveal to your fellow earthlings? Dr. Doi: I rediscovered the beauty of the Earth during my flight: the glittering blue ocean, white clouds changing their shapes every moment, and the land where we live. The shining Earth in the pitch-dark universe was divine. I am very proud to have been born on this Earth. Lydia: As a young schoolboy, did you ever think you were headed for a space adventure? Dr. Doi: When I was in eighth grade, my friend asked me to observe sunspots with him. Soon after I got a telescope and have loved star gazing ever since. In 1971, I observed Mars and the M13 star cluster with a 20cm reflecting telescope. Around that time I started thinking that I would like to work in a space-related field and dedicate my life to solving the mysteries of space. Lydia: What personal goals do you have? Is there anything else you would like to accomplish? "Astronaut" is a tough act to follow! Dr. Doi: I am also interested in astronomy. I would still like to solve the mysteries of the Universe. Lydia: Well, listeners that was the affable Dr. Doi... the first crew member assigned to the Space Shuttle crew that will deliver the first module of the Japanese laboratory, Kibo, to the International Space Station. His duties involve attachment and initial set-up of the Kibo Japanese Experiment Logistics Module... A tall order for a very well prepared professional and most deserving individual. Now you’ll hear Part 3 again. That’s the end of Part 3.

Part 4 Part 4 consists of two tasks. You will hear five short extracts in which people are talking about their position in a company. For questions 21-25, choose from the list A-H the person who is speaking. Now look at task 2. For questions 26-30, choose from the list A-H what each speaker is expressing. While you listen you must complete both tasks. Speaker 1 I’ve been at Miffler and Dundlan Paper Branch for eight years and in this position for over five years. I started out in sales. To be honest, I had no real aspirations to get this position and was quite surprised when corporate offered me the promotion. I’m a friendly person. I went into sales because I like making relationships with clients and I believe it was a real gift of mine. My first year on the job, I made more sales and earned more money for the company than people who had been there for years. Needless to say, I made quite an impression with the corporate branch and they decided to promote me. So now, here I am. The money is definitely a lot better. But, in my position now, I get a lot less contact with clients and don’t have too many opportunities to be that friendly person I was in sales. In fact, the managerial aspect of it means I often have to be the ‘bad guy’. I’m in charge of holding people accountable when their work falls short and just recently the corporate branch made me let some of my employees go due to downsizing. I try to ... you know... still be friendly with my employees and hold office parties to boost moral. However, the reality is that now that I am in charge, my friendly-jokester days in this office are over. Speaker 2 I’ve had this job for three and a half years although it was never part of my

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life plan. I came to this company right out of university. I graduated with a degree in graphic design and really wanted to work for an internet company designing websites. However, after graduation, I really struggled to find work and it got to the point where I just had to get any job I could find in order to earn some money. I registered with a temporary work agency and they connected me with Miffler and Dundlan. The pay and the benefits are decent; nothing worth bragging about, but I am able to live comfortably. I work with some nice people, which really helps me get through the day, as there really isn’t a lot of work for me to do. My main job is to answer the phone and take messages. I also occasionally schedule meetings and file documents. But the employees here are pretty independent in that regard. So when the phone doesn’t ring there isn’t a lot for me to do. Killing time has become an art for me. I spend a lot of time checking my e-mails and playing solitaire. It’s almost embarrassing how good I am at the game because it reveals how often I actually play. I used to spend time working on my own personal webpage and online portfolio. That has been placed on the back burner these last few years and I’m not really sure why. I mean, I don’t want to be in this position forever and I truly do want to pursue graphic design. I guess I’ve just gotten myself into a rut and need to find the motivation to get out of it. Speaker 3 I’ve been working in this department of Miffler and Dundlan for twenty years now and I love it more with each passing day. My main responsibilities are recruiting, training, and looking after [the] welfare of the staff. My job is the most important thing in my life right now. I am always the first in the office and the last to leave. I often work weekends and holidays and I’ve never taken a sick day - even when I was suffering with pneumonia. I really admire my boss and I somewhat consider myself his wingman. He values my loyalty and dedication which is why I am always his go-to person for important tasks or when he needs someone to keep an eye on the other employees when he is not around. I consider myself the assistant to the regional manager. Although, no one else really does. I’m OK with that. I don’t need total recognition for all the behind the scenes work I do. I have been offered other jobs during my time here, some of which had better pay and benefits. I’ve looked into it, of course. However, none of those places seemed to place the emphasis on loyalty like Miffler and Dundlan does. That is why I’ve stuck around and will probably be here until retirement...if I can get myself to retire. I can’t imagine not coming into work every day. Speaker 4 I have been working here for two years now. I have to be honest; it’s a really easy job for me. I guess I’m just a natural at talking to clients and potential buyers. Just today I closed two important deals over lunch, which is more than some of my co-workers can do in a week. If I were really ambitious, I’d try to keep this pace up all day, but I like that I have spare time to relax and goof around a bit. I’m a little bit of a prankster. Ok, that’s an understatement. I pull practical jokes all the time. Just yesterday, my coworker opened his desk to find his stapler inside a dome of gelatin. The entire office was in stitches. I don’t think I cross any lines with my practical jokes. Nor do I think that I impede the efficiency of this company. If anything, I think I make us a little more efficient. This is not the most interesting job in the world and if people honestly spent eight hours straight glued to their work I think they would go insane with boredom. Giving them reasons to laugh boosts office morale and makes this a more pleasant working environment. I have some co-workers who try to push me to look for a better job. They think that this place is a waste of my talent, and perhaps they are right. But I’m satisfied here. I am able to pay my bills and I get to laugh everyday. I suppose I’m not that typical ambitious business person, but I’m OK with that. I can’t imagine the prestige of a better job making the quality of my life improve too much. So I’m staying put. Besides, the office is only a ten minute drive from my house. You can’t get much better than that. Speaker 5 I’ve been at Miffler and Dundlan for ten years now. There are so many negative connotations attached to my job title. People always ask me: ‘How on earth can you spend everyday working with numbers?’ But I honestly enjoy myself. I can’t really explain why, but I really love my job and everything it entails. Or at least, I like the work aspect of it. I like keeping the books. However, sometimes, my co-workers really get on my nerves. I mean, when I come into work, I come to work and nothing else. My social life is something totally separate from the office and I find it inappropriate to mix professional and social life. The other two guys that I work with are not as focused as me and are always talking about football, their families or what they did over the weekend. I often have to push them to get back on track. That makes them resent me a little, but that’s not my fault. We have a job to do. Most of the employees here go out together on weekends or go to get a drink together after work, but I always opt out of those activities. It’s not that I’m anti-social, I just choose to spend my free time with other people. I mean, I see these people forty hours a week. That’s quite enough. Now you’ll hear Part 4 again. That’s the end of Part 4.


CAE PRACTICE TESTS

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AUDIOSCRIPT

Interviewer: How so? Gus: Well, it has a normal schedule - as in, no overnighters. This is important for me because I want to have a family and this allows me to have more time with my children. Also, there is a high demand for cataract surgery in Latin American countries. I speak Spanish and I love travelling. This will give me the opportunity to take regular trips to these countries to work. The last reason is quite simple...the pay is really good. Interviewer: Those all sound like good reasons to me! Best of luck to you. Now you will hear the recording again. That’s the end of Part 1.

EXTRACT 1 You will hear a discussion in which a man talks to his good friend about her upcoming trip. Now look at questions 1 and 2. John: So Michelle, you are leaving for Australia, huh? This seems kind of sudden. What made you want to pick up and leave so suddenly? Michelle: Well, it only seems sudden to you and everyone because I haven’t told anyone about it. But I’ve honestly been thinking about it for a few months now. I don’t know. I guess I just needed to get out of here for a bit. I guess I’m in a bit of a rut in life and want to do something drastic to get out of it. John: What do you mean you’re in a rut? Michelle: John, I have the same routine everyday! Work, home, sleep, get up and do it all over again. I’m bored. Plus, I’ve never left the country before ever and I say it’s high time. I’m still young with no one else to be responsible for, and I haven’t taken even one day off work for over two years. I’m due. John: What do you think you’re going to do there? I mean, where are you going to stay? Michelle: I guess I haven’t thought of that. I just bought the ticket about an hour ago. But I’m sure there are hostels everywhere. I’m trying to just go where the wind takes me. I’m not going to do a lot of planning. John: Wow, that sounds exciting! Have a wonderful time. Now you will hear the recording again.

EXTRACT 2 You will hear a conversation where two friends discuss the restaurant they just left. Now look at questions 3 and 4. Julie: That restaurant was absolutely divine! It was such a beautiful restaurant - so classy. It has got to be one of the best I have ever dined at. Tate: I think the atmosphere went to your head a little too much, Julie. It was definitely a good-looking restaurant. But I think the food left something to be desired. I couldn’t even finish my steak and you know that I usually clean my plate. But it was so dry. And speaking of dry... that wine was terrible. I can’t believe it cost that much money. Cheap boxed wine is a thousand times better than whatever that was that we just consumed. Julie: Tate, you must be mad. Everything about that experience was wonderful. Yes, I admit, I loved the decor, the violins and the servers dressed in tuxedos. But my taste buds left pleased as well! I suppose that type of food is an acquired taste... Anyway. I loved it. Tate: Well, I’m still hungry. Could we get a burger before we go to the show? Julie: No way. A burger dressed like this? We’re really going to stand out. Tate: I honestly don’t think I am going to make it to the intermission if I don’t eat some decent food really soon. Julie: OK I suppose we can go, if we have to. It’ll be my treat, since you didn’t want to go to the restaurant in the first place. I guess next time I go there, it won’t be with you. Tate: You can say that again! Now you will hear the recording again.

Part 2 You will hear a freelancing Graphic Designer called Alec Zaki talking about how he came into his career. For questions 7-14, complete the sentences. My name is Alec Zaki. I do freelance 3D computer graphics and animation, with a whole lot of multimedia thrown in too. Although I've worked for other people in the past, I'm primarily my own boss these days. I much prefer being self-employed. Originally, when I started out, I planned on doing the usual bigblockbuster animated features thing, but eventually found my own niche. My stuff tends to be more down-to-earth. I’m not too "arty.” I usually create animations and graphics for TV commercials, TV shows and other video productions, as well as visualization stuff, such as in the medical or architectural areas. A lot of my work ends up as elements in print and web design, too. As a freelancer, I found it limiting to make a freelance career out of just 3D animation, so I became an expert on all sorts of multimedia skills; flash animation, web design, CD authoring and so on. I find it extremely rewarding. Between my freelance work and my work for TV production facilities, it's really hard to list the work I’ve done in the past. I know I can document over 900 television commercials, TV shows and infomercials that I've done graphics for (3D or otherwise). I've also done print and web elements, as well as animations for corporate projects. Besides animations, I've also created 3D virtual sets for TV, such as one I did for a show called "Power Play." This show featured new and upcoming computer game releases, with the host interviewing game programmers and such. The show took place in space, in a spaceship that looked very much like a game controller, which I modelled and animated in 3D. I loved doing that show. It was heavily 3D graphics oriented and kept me really busy. It was filled with 3D rooms, animations, bumpers, elements, and so on. I didn’t get into animation the way most people do. I came by way of TV. Behind-the-scenes stuff such as television production, master control, stuff like that. I loved doing the work, having spent almost twenty years doing it. But, it started running its course with me. I found myself in a rut. This was the late 1990s and by that time, I’d fallen completely in love with 3D graphics. My wife suggested I go back to college full-time for 3D animation. Being a bit older than the other students, I worked really hard to make myself stand out. At the time, I thought I needed to graduate with as much talent as if I had been in the industry all along, just to compete with everyone else. I probably tortured myself a bit too much, but I loved the subject and it worked for me. My wife was also earning the income for the two of us and I felt I owed it to her to succeed. When I graduated, I thought I was getting out of the TV racket, but a month later I got a job in...you guessed it...television. This time in broadcast graphics. I loved the job but in 2002, the lousy economy forced me to become a freelancer. The rest is history. Now you will hear Part 2 again. That’s the end of Part 2.

EXTRACT 3

Part 3

You will hear part of an interview with a medical student. Now look at questions 5 and 6.

You will hear part of a radio interview in which professional golfer, Amy Hartman, is being interviewed. For questions 15-20, choose the answer (A, B, C or D), which fits best according to what you hear.

Interviewer: So you are in your fourth year of medical school now, is that correct? Gus: That’s right. Wow, time has really flown by. My first day of class feels like yesterday. Interviewer: And why did you want to pursue medicine? Gus: I suppose for the same reason why anyone pursues any career. Because I love science and medicine...and throughout undergraduate school I discovered that I have a talent for it as well. I think that’s got to be the key to being happy in your career: enjoying it and using your talents. Well that and also feeling like your job is important. And for me, I really feel like I will make a real difference in this career. Interviewer: What kind of medicine do you want to go into? Gus: Ophthalmology. In layman’s terms, I will be working with eyes. Interviewer: Really? Gus: I know it doesn’t sound as exciting as running around the Emergency Room and saving lives every day, but in reality it fits perfectly in [with] my life plans.

Jackson: We are here today with golfing phenomenon, Amy Hartman. She won countless national and international tournaments. Now, Amy, I was glancing through your website profile and noticed that you were involved in a variety of sports throughout junior high and high school. What did golf have that these other sports were lacking that pushed you to keep playing? Amy: I felt like I could become more successful with golf. I realise it more and more now that unlike track, volleyball and gymnastics, golf is a lot easier on my body as well. I will be able to play golf a lot longer than any other sport that I have ever participated in. Jackson: On any given day, is there any specific food diet you try to stick to on and off the course? Amy: I always stick to my fruit smoothies in the morning. I am overall a pretty healthy person. Once in a blue moon, I will have a cheeseburger... and not feel guilty about it. I am a fruits, nuts, and grains kind of girl. I didn't like the health food that my parents fed me as a child but am thankful now for


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it’s just become a habit. I don’t even consider cooking greasy food, or having a doughnut for breakfast because it’s never been an option for me. Jackson: I'm sure you spend endless amounts of time at the driving range each week, but what do you do when you're not swinging a golf club? Amy: (laughter) Are you asking whether or not I have a social life? I admit it’s hard, because I do not have a lot of time. And of course, when I do have time, I am often quite exhausted. This may make me sound really pathetic, but I spend a lot of time with my cat at home actually. He's a little goofy. He is constantly at my feet when I am at home, especially when I have been gone for a few weeks. I also watch a lot of movies, and spend time catching up with my friends. I always keep myself busy somehow whether it's any of the above or working out at the gym, reading a book, or working on some art piece that I always promise myself that I would finish. I can’t remember the last time I was bored. Jackson: Your website, Amy Golf, has grown huge in popularity in the golf blog community in only the few months it's been around. What do you contribute the success of your site to? Amy: I didn't realise this at first but many golf fans want to get more insight into the life of touring professionally beyond the scoreboard or a random article on some random website. So simply the fact that I frequently updated my blog or shared what I have on my iPod or photographs from my life got me a big following. And now it is almost viral. I got more interviews - that get me more fans - and more bloggers have rolled my site as a result of the fresh content and updates. I always thank a lot of people on my site because my site's success is as much mine as it is theirs. Jackson: There are plenty of superstitious people in the world. Do you have any superstitions such as an item you must have with you when you're playing? If so, how did you come by it? Amy: You may believe me or not but I have absolutely no superstitions. I have been asked this same question several times and still have not been able to come up with an answer. I have a favourite shirt that I like to wear during big tournaments...but I’m not superstitious about it at all. I simply like it! Sorry if that’s a disappointing answer. Jackson: With turning only 26 in May, are there any other goals or plans you'd like to accomplish in your lifetime? Amy: Well, although I am only 26 years old, I am one of the oldest girls out there on the futures tour. A lot of girls have 3 or 4 years more experience in competition than me. So for right now I am very dedicated to the goals that I’ve set for myself on tour, and to making it to the LPGA Tour. I don’t like to plan too far ahead in life. I just take it one step at a time. Now you’ll hear Part 3 again. That’s the end of Part 3.

Part 4 Part 4 consists of two tasks. You will hear five short extracts in which people are talking about their job in transport. For questions 21-25, choose from the list A-H the form of transport that the speaker is talking about. Now look at task 2. For questions 26-30, choose from the list A-H what each speaker is expressing. While you listen you must complete both tasks. Speaker 1 I like it best when the people I pick up like to talk and know how to hold a conversation. I know a lot of people in my line of work prefer just to take people from point A to point B without the needless chit chat, but I would get too bored if it wasn’t for the social aspect of this job. I especially love tourists. I’m definitely rare in that regard. But I love pointing out parts of the city that I think they should visit - or warning them to avoid certain tourist traps. I love hearing people’s stories - learning what brought them here, where they come from, etc. Certainly, many people prefer to simply tell me their destination and then sit in silence or doodle on their blackberry until we arrive. Of course, I should respect that, but that’s not always easy to do. That’s probably one of my faults: I don’t know when I should just be quiet and I end up annoying people. Of course, I like to believe that most people truly love listening to me. And perhaps this is unethical, but if I meet someone who’s company I found particularly enjoyable, I will lower their fare. Speaker 2 Sometimes it’s hard working with such wealthy people on a daily basis. I admit it, I overhear their conversations about their country clubs, their fancy cars or their mansions and I definitely get jealous. It’s not that I am poor by any means, I live a comfortable life and we are not in need of anything. But when I work it’s like I am entering an entirely different world than the world that I live in. Despite this being my job, when my family flies, we sit economy class. Like most people, we get our elbows hit by the drink cart and complain of the lack of leg room. But the people I fly around not only do not have to worry about the other passengers bothering them, they also have beds and champagne on board with them! It’s really quite a life. They treat

AUDIOSCRIPT

me well though. When I do overnight flights, they usually arrange for me to stay at a pretty fancy hotel, so I get to experience how the other half lives. Speaker 3 I absolutely love my job. These children light up my life and give me something to smile about every day. Of course they also can tire me out. Many of them are too energetic to sit in their seats their entire route. Moreover, as is natural with young children, there are always some older children picking on the younger ones. That is the biggest challenge of the job because I can’t discipline like a teacher would be able to. I need to keep my hands on the wheel and my eyes on the road. Luckily, I have earned enough respect that many of them listen to me when I holler at them to sit down and behave. To help me out, I have asked one of my older students to be on patrol. I think she likes the responsibility. I gave her a badge that she wears as she walks up and down the aisle telling people to sit down or not to yell. It’s actually quite amazing how well the other students respond to her! She’s the first one I pick up in the morning and the last off on the way home in the afternoon. After all the other students get off in the afternoon I give her a handful of candy. She considers it her salary. Speaker 4 I mostly just take couples around. People see my ride as something extracted from a fairy tale. Like it’s the way a prince and a princess ride off together to live happily ever after. Now of course, having been doing this for nearly twenty years, I certainly have a different take on it. The horses are usually the ones breaking the romantic ideal for the couple. Mostly because they really do not carry the most pleasant aroma. Let’s just say, it’s not always just pure romance in the air. I still remember one time when a man was proposing to his girlfriend and he had to stop in the middle of his beautiful romantic overture because he kept gagging from the horrible stench coming a few feet in front of him. It was quite funny actually. But I do admit, I am lucky to bear witness to so many proposals or anniversaries or just people in love celebrating for no other reason except for that. And I enjoy the ride, too. We pass through some amazing scenery that even after all this time I‘m still not tired of looking at it. It’s all quite enchanting. Speaker 5 People think that I mostly drive wealthy people around. But that is not the case. You’d be surprised how many people just want to take a night to spoil themselves and in a way, pretend to be rich for a night. My main jobs are weddings and high school dances. It’s especially entertaining when there are teenagers in the vehicle because they are so fascinated by everything. The phone is usually the favourite, which is annoying from my point of view. They think it is just so funny that they can call me from the back seat. I love driving. I admit it, I do feel a little powerful driving such a large vehicle on the road. It’s amazing how many people will get out of my way. Of course, parallel parking is out of the question! You do have to drive it very carefully though and always check your mirrors. Because it is so long, there are more blind spots than in a normal-sized car. I had to get a special licence to drive it. Now you’ll hear Part 4 again. That’s the end of Part 4.


SUCCEED IN CAE

Revision Progress Tests ANSWER KEY

Revision Progress Test 1


Practice Tests: 1-2

Exercise A 1.b, 2.c, 3.d, 4.b, 5.c Exercise B 1.f, 2.g, 3.d, 4.b, 5.c, 6.e, 7.h, 8.a Exercise C 1. coped, 2. rewarded, 3. accompany, 4. signified/signify, 5.hinder, 6. deem(ed), 7. incorporate, 8. raiding Exercise D 1.c, 2.c, 3.b, 4.a, 5.b Exercise E 1.b, 2.e, 3.a, 4.h, 5.c, 6.g, 7.f, 8.d Exercise F 1. oversee, 2. disrupted, 3. misbehaved, 4. reverted, 5. ressurect, 6. dwell, 7. prioritise, 8. vindicated

Practice Tests: 7-8



Exercise A 1.d, 2.c, 3.b, 4.a, 5.a Exercise B 1.e, 2.g, 3.b, 4.d, 5.h, 6.c, 7.f, 8.a Exercise C 1. implying, 2. preserve, 3. reassure, 4. withstand, 5. consult, 6. penetrate, 7. rectify, 8. acquired Exercise D 1.b, 2.d, 3.a, 4.d, 5.b, 6.c Exercise E 1.g, 2.f, 3.e, 4.d, 5.c, 6.a, 7.h, 8.b Exercise F 1. proportion, 2. commitment, 3. compensation, 4. pushover, 5. ultimatum, 6. obstacle, 7. recognition, 8. undivided

Practice Tests: 3-4


Exercise A 1.b, 2.c, 3.d, 4.a, 5.b Exercise B 1.e, 2.a, 3.f, 4.b, 5.g, 6.c, 7.h, 8.d Exercise C 1. stacked, 2. keep, 3. underestimate, 4. aggravate, 5. ignited, 6. engage, 7. pull, 8.perceived, 9. borne Exercise D 1.b, 2.d, 3.c, 4.a, 5.b Exercise E 1.e, 2.f, 3.g, 4.h, 5.d, 6.c, 7.b, 8.a Exercise F 1. goes, 2. laid, 3. unveiled, 4. rounding, 5. affirm, 6. ironing, 7. conceded, 8. tailor, 9. commissioned

Exercise A 1.c, 2.a, 3.a, 4.d, 5.b Exercise B 1.c, 2.d, 3.e, 4.a, 5.g, 6.h, 7.b, 8.f Exercise C 1. enhance, 2. immerse, 3. bear, 4.derive(s), 5.tame, 6. alleged, 7. geared, 8. chastised, 9. crept Exercise D 1.d, 2.d, 3.a, 4.b, 5.c, 6.d Exercise E 1.d, 2.b, 3.a, 4.h, 5.g, 6.c, 7.f, 8.e Exercise F 1. authority, 2. superstition, 3. ambush, 4. upbringing, 5. primate, 6. proximity, 7. intuition, 8. misconception, 9. deprivation

Practice Tests: 9-10

Exercise A 1.a, 2.c, 3.a, 4.d, 5.b, 6.d Exercise B 1.g, 2.h, 3.f, 4.e, 5.a, 6.c, 7.d, 8.b Exercise C 1. throes, 2. dominance, 3. abudance, 4. fruition, 5. hazard, 6. shortcomings, 7. revenge, 8. demise Exercise D 1.a, 2.b, 3.c, 4.d, 5.c, 6.a Exercise E 1.d, 2.c, 3.g, 4.f, 5.h, 6.e, 7.b, 8.a Exercise F 1. fumbled, 2. lashed, 3. transact, 4. endures/endured, 5. pursue, 6. fulfilled, 7. nurtured, 8. put

Practice Tests: 5-6

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