SUBTLE ENERGY a physics interacting force

\YJTHI IMIZCP   B VNP\@L\ @MTIZBLT@MC EAZLI

 Sbih Nbzig Eaudb  Brln`tilturbh Imc`miir`mc Imc`miir`mc \tudimt

Lapyr`cnt © :62< Sbih Nbzig Eaudb E`rst Id`t`am( :62<

\YJTHI IMIZCP b pnys`ls `mtirblt`mc Earli

:62<

\ujthi Imircy? B Vnys`ls @mtirblt`mc Earli Lapyr`cnt © :62< Sbih Nbzig Eaudb E`rst Id`t`am( :62<

Ih'\beb Vriss( :2 Bh'Dawidbr striit( Lb`ra( Icypt

©:62< Sbih Nbzig Eaudb- Bhh Z`cnts Zisirvid- Ma pbrt ae tn`s jaak snbhh ji ji ripraduli( starid `m b ritr`ivbh systig( ar trbmsg`ttid jy bmy gibms( ihiltram`l( gilnbm`lbh( pnatalapy`mc( rilard`mc( ar atnirw`si( w`tnaut tni p r`ar wr`ttim pirg`ss`am ae tni butnar @\JM 03> ' 033 ' >96<0 ' <  “ 3 @mlhudid pbpir `s pratiltid umdir @mtihhiltubh Vrapirty( bmd Butnar#s Z`cnts s`mli :62:

@@

\YJTHI IMIZCP b pnys`ls `mtirblt`mc Earli :62<

@ did`lbti tn`s wark ta gy gatnir‐s sauh- Gby Cad jhiss nir ear nir havi bmd  lbri tnbt gbdi cit ta tni pa`mt ae tn`s bln`ivigimt- @ napi napi tn`s wark g`cnt ji  b jhiss`mc ta nir… Zist `m pibli…

2

\YJTHI IMIZCP b pnys`ls `mtirblt`mc Earli

:

:62<

\YJTHI IMIZCP b pnys`ls `mtirblt`mc Earli :62<

Tbjhi ae Lamtimts @mtradult`am ta tni Vbpir………………………………………………… Vbpir…………………………………………………………… …………

2

Bjstrblt………………………………………………………………………………………

4

@mtradult`am………………………………………………………………………………--

9

Gbtir`bhs……………………………………………………………………………………--

>

Gitnads………………………………………………………………………………………

26

Zisuhts……………………………………………… Zisuhts………………………… …………………………………………………… ………………………………………… …………

2<

D`sluss`am……………………………………………………………………………………

2>

Ixpiltbt`ams………………………………………………………………………………--

:2

Lamlhus`am…………………………………………………………………………………--

:2

Zilaggimdbt`ams………………………………………………………………………

::

Chassbry…………………………………… Chassbry………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………… ……………………………

:4

Zieirimlis…………………………………………………………………………………--

:9

Butnar#s Z`cnts Dalugimt `m Brbj`l……………………………………………Brbj`l……………………………………………-

:3

@mtihhiltubh Vrapirty Dalugimt `m Brbj`l…………………………………… Brbj`l……………………………………

:>

@mtradult`am ta tni Vbpir `m Brbj`l……………………… Brbj`l……………………………………………-……………………--

<6

<

\YJTHI IMIZCP b pnys`ls `mtirblt`mc Earli

4

:62<

\YJTHI IMIZCP b pnys`ls `mtirblt`mc Earli :62<

@mtradult`am ta tni Vbpir N`ddim bmd umsiim( tnbt#s naw `t bhwbys lnasi ta ji- @t stbyid bwby erag tni iyis yit gbm`eistid `m `ts gbc`lbh bj`h`t`is- \ujthi Imircy( bhsa kmawm  w`tn atnir mbgis h`ki? Ln` imircy( H`ei Earli( Arcami( U`tbh imircy( bmd Vrbmb( e`mbhhy rivibhid `ts mbturiGast piaphi bri bwbri ae \ujthi Imircy ix`stimli bmd tniy kmaw `t tnraucn d`eeirimt bml`imt pn`hasapn`is- @md`bm lnbkrbs( Nugbm burbs( Ln`misi imircy gir`d`bms wiri e`rst divihapid `m bml`imt warhd l`v`h`zbt`ams ta lamtrah bmd `mtirblt w`tn suln imircy- Criik pn`hasapnirs lams`dirid `t bs b gust ear laggum`lbt`am mbg`mc `t Bitnir( wn`hi atnir Ln`misi pn`hasapnirs tr`id ta umdirstbmd `t tnraucn tni TBAZih`c`aus r`tubhs bmd gid`tbt`ams wiri pireargid ta cb`m \ujthi Imircy  bmd usi `t `m nibh`mc( wn`hi Brln`tilts bmd Brt`sts lribtid sgbrt dis`cms tnbt lbm `mtirblt w`tn nugbm sujthi e`ihds ta cb`m sbgi ieeilts- Eimc \nu`(  Ubstu( \blrid Ciagitry wiri bhh eargs ae lamtrahh`mc \ujthi Imircy `m ardir ta lribti sblrid bmd nahy brln`tilturi Bs ear bml`imt pnys`l`bms( tniy usid ta d`bcmasi d`sibsis tnraucn tni umdirstbmd`mc ae wnbt tniy lbhhid tni ihigimts ae mbturi ta jbhbmli sujthi imircy `m b pbt`imt‐s jady- I`tnir jy nirjbhs( a`hs( gbssbci( ar miidh`mc; tni Ln`misi wiri bjhi ta nibh d`sibsis us`mc tni`r bml`imt trbd`t`ambh imircy gid`l`mi `m wnbt `s sl`imt`e`lbhhy kmawm bs Gid`lbh Blupumlturi mawbdbys\l`imt`e`l risibrln eaumd `ts wby ta prav`mc tni ieeilt`vimiss ae sagi imircy nibh`mc brts gav`mc tnig erag sarts ae bml`imt trbd`t`ams bmd nir`tbci ta sl`imt`e`l prblt`li- Lagphigimtbry gid`l`mi `s maw bjhi ta nibh gbmy d`sibsis us`mc imircy brts( nawivir \ujthi Imircy wbs mivir sl`imt`e`lbhhy ditiltid- @ts `mtirblt`ams wiri mivir ixphb`mid sl`imt`e`lbhhy( yit aur bmlistars snawid us naw ta dibh w`tn `ts n`ddim mbturi `m sagi sarts ae trbd`t`ams-

2

\YJTHI IMIZCP b pnys`ls `mtirblt`mc Earli

:62<

@m gy snart h`ei ixpir`imli( @ wbs viry `mtiristid `m \ujthi Imircy betir  wbtln`mc b TU snaw jy Dr-Gastbeb Gbngaud tni jr`hh`bmt Icypt`bm tn`mkir- Dr-Gastbeb Gbngaud `mtradulid \ujthi Imircy wnim ni wbs d`sluss`mc tni g`rblhi ae tni cribt pyrbg`d ae C`zb `m n`s ebsl`mbt`mc  snaw- \`mli tnbt t`gi( @ nbd tn`s dribg ae e`md`mc b sl`imt`e`l gibsur`mc  taah ear \ujthi Imircy@ mivir `gbc`mid \ujthi Imircy lbm nbvi b pnys`lbh ix`stimli tnbt lbm ji ibs`hy ditiltid- @ jih`ivid `m b Rubmtug Gilnbm`ls sahut`am( ar b \tr`mcs  Tniary n`cnir d`gims`ambh gadih bs gbmy piaphi jih`ivi- Ji`mc bm bgbtiur bstramagir bmd b hilturir `m tni bstramag`lbh sal`ity ae Gastbeb Gbngaud nihpid gi tn`mk aut ae tni jax( @ nbd tni lnbmli ta umdirstbmd lagph`lbtid sl`imt`e`l tniar`is- Gy brln`tilturbh imc`miir`mc  study nihpid gi e`md gy wby ta J`aCiagitry® bmd tnbt#s wnim `t bhh stbrtidDr-@jrbn`g Kbr`g#s J`aCiagitry® bpprabln ta sujthi imircy nihpid gi umdirstbmd n`s viry spil`bh umdirstbmd`mc ae bml`imt warhd tilnmahacy\tudy`mc tni eaumdbt`am hivih nihpid gi cit `mta tni ribhgs ae \ujthi Imircy- J`aCiagitry® stud`is tni ieeilt ae snbpis am sujthi imircy  e`ihds us`mc Vnys`lbh Zbd`istnis`b wn`ln `s b sart ae Daws`mc- Snbt gbdi gi viry `mtiristid `m J`aCiagitry® wbs tni pbtimts `m tn`s e`ihd jy  Dr-@jrbn`g Kbr`g- Nawivir( daws`mc wbs mat tni bpprabln @ jih`ivid `m( s`mli tniri wbs ma pnys`lbh gibsurigimt ae sujthi imircy Betir 5 yibrs ae sir`aus `mtirist `m \ujthi Imirc`is( @ eaumd gy wby ta umhalk tni n`ddim gystiry- @ wbs mat pbrt p brt ae bmy arcbm`zbt`ams arcbm`zbt`ams ar risibrln `mst`tutis eumd`mc gy risibrln wnim @ jaucnt sl`imt`e`l gibsur`mc div`lis( ju`ht gy awm div`lis bmd hbj ta ajsirvi bmd ditilt tni viry sujthi lnbmcis lbusid dui ta snbpis bmd \ujthi Imircy Tn`s `s naw na w `t stbrtid wnim @ ripibtid priv`aushy istbjh`snid ixpir`gimtsDby jy dby @ umhalkid tni silrit bmd dis`cmid gy awm miw ixpir`gimts tnbt hibd ta gy bjstrblt- @ d`slavirid tnbt \ujthi Imircy `s ihiltragbcmit`l imircy tnbt lbm tbki d`eeirimt eargs ae ihiltragbcmit`sg\ujthi Imircy tbkis d`eeirimt eargs suln bs ihiltragbcmit`l wbvis bmd ihiltrastbt`l lurrimts:

\YJTHI IMIZCP b pnys`ls `mtirblt`mc Earli :62<

\ujthi Imircy `s ivirywniri `m aur imv`ramgimt- Pit `mtirblt`mc w`tn sujthi imircy miids tumid l`rlu`ts `m ardir ear `t ta risambti- Tnraucn tn`s pbpir yau w`hh umdirstbmd tnbt \ujthi Imircy `mtirblt`ams bri oust b puri pnys`ls jaumd pnimagimam- \`gphi HLZ .@mdult`am( Lbpbl`tbmli( bmd Zis`stbmli l`rlu`t risambmli iqubt`ams lbm ixphb`m tn`s wnahi silritN`cn eriquimly ihiltrastbt`l lurrimts lbm avirlagi mamlamdultars# ris`stbmli( wn`hi HLZ prapirt`is lribti w`rihiss rili`virs bmd trbmsg`ttirs `m bmy gbtir`bh ar snbpi nbv`mc tn`s M`kahb Tishb prapirty@ d`slavirid tnbt aur nugbm sk`m nbs HLZ l`rlu`t prapirt`is- @ succist tnbt tn`s k`md ae l`rlu`t `s b ju`ht'`m prapirty lribtid jy lihh gigjrbmis( bmd bhpnb'nih`x prati`ms- HLZ prapirt`is c`vi aur nugbm jady tni bj`h`ty  ta risambti w`tn `ts tumid eriquiml`is `m aur surraumd`mcs Tn`s `s naw @ d`slavirid tni tn i silrits ae \ujthi Imircy- Bmd tn`s `s wnim @ dil`did ta cit gy d`slaviry kmawm ta tni warhd betir try`mc ta pujh`sn `t bt d`eeirimt oaurmbhs- Gbmy oaurmbhs rieusid ta pujh`sn tn`s wark s`mli tniy  lauhdm#t e`md spil`bh`zid rieiriis ar riv`iwirs ear tni `mtimsi `mtird`sl`ph`mbry pr`ml`phis `m tn`s pbpir- Tn`s pbpir `s jr`dc`mc tni cbp jitwiim Vnys`ls( J`aVnys`ls( Imircy Brts( Lagphigimtbry Gid`l`mi( \trulturbh J`ahacy( Lihh J`ahacy( Vsylnahacy( Vnys`ahacy( Gid`l`mi( bmd N`cn Eriquimly Ihiltr`l`ty ta rivibh tni mbturi ae \ujthi Imircy@ms`di tni pbpir lagis sl`imt`e`l ditb`hid ixphbmbt`am ear iviry h`tthi h`tth i stip @ taak ta rivibh tn`s d`slaviry Tn`s jaak wbs mat `mtimdid ta ji b euhh `hhustrbtid jaak ear tni cimirbh pujh`l( yit b sl`imt`e`l saurli bmd b rieirimli ear risibrlnirs `m d`eeirimt e`ihds-

 Sbih Nbzig Eaudb  Eaudb  <

\YJTHI IMIZCP b pnys`ls `mtirblt`mc Earli

:62<

\ujthi Imircy @mtirblt`am bs Vuri Vnys`ls  Sbih N- Eaudb

\tudimt bt tni Ebluhty ae Imc`miir`mc( Lb`ra Ym`virs`ty( Brln`tilturbh Imc`miir`mc   Igb`h? wbih'eaudbFnatgb`h-lag 

J\TZBLT  B J\TZBLT  Tn`s risibrln pbpir snaws sujthi imircy kmawm bs ln` ar v`tbh imircy ta ji bm ix`st`mc k`md ae pnys`lbh `mtirblt`am tnbt lbm ji usid `m nibh`mc\ujthi imircy `s pravim `m tn`s pbpir ta nbvi puri pnys`lbh ix`stimli tnbt `mtirblts tnraucn M`kahb Tishb la`h bmd ihiltragbcmit`l `mtirblt`am pr`ml`phis- Tni e`md`mcs ae tn`s pbpir rivibh tnbt tni nugbm jady `s lagpasid ae HLZ ihiltram`l l`rlu`ts succist`mc tnbt tni `mdult`am saurli `m tni nugbm lihh `s erag tni Bhpnb nih`lis mbma strulturi prati`msNugbm jad`is lbm risambti w`tn `ts surraumd`mc imv`ramgimt ji`mc  bm`gbti ar `mbm`gbti jbsid am tni e`md`mcs ae tni pbpir- Tni risuhts snaw  tnbt ihiltragbcmit`l wbvis lbm ji trbmsg`ttid bmd rili`vid( wn`hi imircy  lbm ji trbmsg`ttid tnim `mdulid `m nugbm jad`is ar `mbm`gbti ajoilts `m tni earg ae n`cn eriquimly ihiltrastbt`l lurrimts- HLZ prapirt`is lbm bhsa nbvi ieeilts am tni nugbm nibhtn bs ixphb`mid `m tn`s pbpirKiywards? \ujthi Imircy( HLZ( risambmli( Bhpnb nih`lis prati`ms( Nibhtn( Imv`ramgimt `mtirblt`am( M`kahb Tishb-

4

\YJTHI IMIZCP b pnys`ls `mtirblt`mc Earli :62<

@MTZADYLT@AM  Tnraucnaut tni n`stary ae gbmk`md( piaphi nbvi jiim ebsl`mbtid jy wnbt  wi lbhh tadby pbrbmargbh pnimagimb tnbt sblrid e`curis `m vbr`aus rih`c`ams( luhturis( bmd gytns( nbvi jiim prblt`l`mc tnraucn d`eeirimt k`mds ae r`tubhsGadirm sl`imli nawivir jih`ivis `m ixpir`gimtbh wark bmd igp`r`lbh gibsurigimts( lbus`mc piaphi mat ta jih`ivi `m bmytn`mc jut wnbt yau lbm tist w`tn sl`imt`e`l igp`r`lbh gibsurigimt taahs bmd div`lis- Tnbt‐s wny  sl`imt`sts bmd risibrlnirs tr`id ta umdirstbmd tnisi typis ae pnimagimb lbusid jy tn`s typi ae imircy lbhhid sujthi imircy( h`ei earli imircy( ar lbhhid Ln` imircy jy Ln`misi trbd`t`ambh brts# prblt`t`amirs suln bs Tb` ln`( Eimc \nu`( Ln`misi Gir`d`bm imircy nibh`mc( blupumlturi( itl--\l`imt`sts bs \`r @sbbl Miwtam.254<'23:3 jih`ivid `m tni bitnir h`ki gbmy  bstramagirs wna jih`ivid tnbt tni ebjr`l ae spbli `s gbdi erag tn`s gid`ug [2W- Sn`hi Erbmz Bmtam Gisgir.23<4'2>29 `mtradulid tni tirg  Bm`gbh gbcmit`sg [:W- Gbmy piaphi jih`ivid tnbt tnraucn tn`s gid`ug ' bitnir bmd bm`gbh gbcmit`sg  “  piaphi lbm `mtirblt igat`ambhhy bmd gimtbhhy- Nawivir( tni bitnir wbs tnim tatbhhy rioiltid jy sl`imt`sts betir ixpir`gimtbt`ams [
\YJTHI IMIZCP b pnys`ls `mtirblt`mc Earli

:62<

Gid`l`mi giit umdir J`aeiidjblk tnirbpy s`mli jribtn pbttirms usid `m gid`tbt`am `m d`eeirimt imircy brts suln bs Pacb rihibsi striss bmd gbki nugbms bt ibsiGbmy nibhirs jih`ivi tnbt bhh k`mds ae nibh`mc bri mat dui ta bmx`ity rih`ie  jut jilbusi ae sujthi imirc`is ar Ln` imircy- Ln` imircy wbs mivir ditiltid sl`imt`e`lbhhy( nawivir sl`imt`sts tr`id ta umdirstbmd wny Ln`misi nibh`mc suln bs blupumlturi wauhd wark ear pbt`imts; t`hh `t wbs d`slavirid bmd lame`rgid tnbt tni gir`d`bm pa`mts am b nugbm ji`mc nbvi hawir sk`m ris`stbmlis gibsurid `m angs nbv`mc b rihbt`am ta lbpbl`tbmli [5WNawivir( tn`s d`dm‐t ixphb`m naw tn`s pnimagimam nbs bmy ieeilt am aur nibhtn( bmd d`dm‐t snaw  wnbt  wnbt Ln` ar h`ei earli bri Tn`s risibrln `s ju`ht upam tni`r risibrln ta umdirstbmd sujthi imircy bs puri pnys`lbh ihiltr`l `mtirblt`am s`mli sagi ciagitr`lbh snbpis bmd v`tbh h`v`mc tn`mcs lribti n`cn vahtbci d`slnbrcis upam nbmdh`mc tnig am b k`rh`bm lbgirb [3W- \agi risibrlnirs bhsa snawid tnbt K`rh`bm pnatacrbpny  lbm snaw nibhtn nbzbrds [>WGbmy Imircy prblt`t`amirs bmd pbrbmargbh piaphi usi sl`imt`e`l tirgs try`mc ta ixphb`m d`eeirimt eargs ae prblt`lis tniy pirearg jy ihiltr`l earli( gbcmit`sg( ihiltragb cmit`l `mtirblt`am( itl… w`tnaut bmy iv`dimli ar igp`r`lbh sl`imt`e`l ixpir`gimtbt`am tnbt pravis bmd ixphb`ms naw  nibh`mc ar bmy k`md ae pbrbmargbh blt`v`ty tbkis phbli- Nawivir( sagi risibrlnirs tr`id ta umdirstbmd sujthi imircy bs bm `mtirblt`am tnbt tbkis phbli tnraucn aur nugbm sujthi burb bmd tniy `mvist`cbtid aur J`aihiltragbcmit`l prapirt`is bmd tniy sb`d tnbt aur nugbm ihiltragbcmit`l burb `s beeiltid jy tni sujthi burb [0W- Tni risibrln jr`dcis tni cbp jitwiim k`rh`bm pnatacrbpny bmd J`aihiltragbcmit`sg s`mli \l`imt`e`l ixpir`gimts snawid tnbt ciagitr`lbh snbpis bmd prapart`ams nbvi ieeilts am j`ahac`lbh h`ei [26W  Tn`s pbpir snaws wnbt sujthi imircy `s bmd wnbt typi ae a e pnys`ls imirc`is `t `s bmd ta bln`ivi tn`s( tni risibrln pbpir ju`ht upam sk`m ris`stbmli bs b sah`d J`ahac`lbh bmd Vnys`ls pnimagimam bmd stud`id tni nugbm jady bs b lagph`lbtid ihiltr`l bmd ihiltram`l l`rlu`t jilbusi H`v`mc lihhs nbvi

5

\YJTHI IMIZCP b pnys`ls `mtirblt`mc Earli :62<

lbpbl`tbmli prapirt`is tnbt lbm ji lbhluhbtid tnraucn b gbtnigbt`lbh gadih tnbt ivim snaws naw blt`am patimt`bhs tbki phbli phbli `m h`v`mc lihhs [22W Tn`s risibrln snaws tnbt tni nugbm jady `s mat oust bm ZL l`rlu`t jut `t `s b gari lagph`lbtid bmd bdvbmlid HLZ l`rlu`t ju`ht erag `mdultars( lbpbl`tars( bmd ris`stars- Nimli( b nugbm jady nbs M`kahb Tishb La`h prapirt`is@m tni gitnads silt`am `t `s ixphb`mid naw tni risibrln d`slavirid tn`s( snaw`mc b stip jy stip ixpir`gimtbt`am gitnad- Sn`hi @m tni d`sluss`am silt`am tni `gpblt bmd tni `mtirpritbt`am ae tni d`slaviry `s ixphb`mid tnbt pravis tnbt sujthi imirc`is ar ln` bri ihiltrastbt`l lurrimts nbv`mc n`cn eriquiml`is tnbt lribti ihiltr`l e`ihds( gbcmit`l e`ihds( bmd ihiltragbcmit`l e`ihds tnbt `mtirblt bs puri pnys`ls jaumd jy iqubt`ams wn`hi am tni j`ahac`lbh hivih tniy lbm beeilt nugbm lihhs-

3

\YJTHI IMIZCP b pnys`ls `mtirblt`mc Earli

:62<

G BTIZ@BH\  Ubr`aus div`lis wiri usid ta gibsuri d`eeirimt ihiltr`l prapirt`is bs snawm jihaw; GT'2>:6 .guht`'gitir

 Bm GT'2>:6 guht`'gitir erag Vra‐sK`t lagpbmy wbs usid `m tni ixpir`gimts ear gibsur`mc BL vahtbci bt e`mcir t`ps( DL vahtbci ae wbtir bmd tni ris`stbmli ae wbtir- Tni div`li bllurbly bt gibsur`mc ris`stbmli bt tni rbmci ae 5 K℥ ta 5 G℥ `s ².6->)+4d- Bs ear tni bllurbly bt gibsur`mc DL vahtbci bt tni rbmci ae 5 U ta 566 U `s ².6-9)+4d- Tni div`li bllurbly bt gibsur`mc BL vahtbci bt tni rbmci ae 5 U ta 566 U `s ².6->)+26dHLZ99B .HLZ gitir

 BM HLZ99B gitir erag BGVZAJI lagpbmy wbs usid `m tni ixpir`gimts ta gibsuri tni @mdultbmli( lbpbl`tbmli bmd ris`stbmli `m tni HLZ ixpir`gimts bt tni g`dwby jitwiim jatn eramtbh jassis brib kmawm bs tni tn`rd iyi lnbkrb- Tni bllurbly ae gibsur`mc ris`stbmli erag tni rbmci : k ℥ ta : G℥ `s ² .6-9 ) rdc + 2 dct( wn`hi tni bllurbly bt tni :6 G℥ `s ² .:-6 ) rdc + : dcts- Bs ear @mdultbmli; tni bllurbly bt tni rbmci : gN ta :66 N `s ² .9-6 ) rdc + :6 dcts- Tni lbpbl`tbmli bllurbly bt tni rbmci :66 pE ta :66 mE `s ² .2-6 ) rdc + 2 dct- Zibd`mcs avir rbmci snaw AH- am tni slriimEL':966B .eriquimly laumtir

 Bm EL':966B eriquimly laumtir erag HYTZAM IHILTZAM@L lagpbmy wbs usid `m tni ixpir`gimts ta gibsuri tni eriquimly ae tni ihiltragbcmit`l wbvis `m tni imircy blluguhbt`am ixpir`gimt ta snaw `e  tniri wbs bmy lnbmci `m tni ihiltragbcmit`l eriquiml`is dur`mc tni >

\YJTHI IMIZCP b pnys`ls `mtirblt`mc Earli :62<

ixpir`gimt- Tni div`li wbs usid bt tni 26 GN_ rbmci wn`ln `s sims`t`vi bt eriquiml`is erag 26 N_ ta 26 GN_- Tni eriquimly bllurbly `s ² .4 VVG +2 d ' :<² 9 ( betir lbh`jrbt`am- Tni div`li wbs sit ta n`cn sims`t`v`ty( \HAS gadi wn`ln nbs b risahut`am 2 N_ bmd b sbgph`mc t`gi 2-:9 sil36) Itnyh Bhlanah

 Bribs ji`mc tistid wiri lhibmid us`mc b lattam nbv`mc 36) Itnyh Bhlanah ta gbki suri tniri `s ma swibt ar d`rt am sk`m PYHI Cih .uhtrbsaumd bmd lamdult`v`ty cih

 B gid`lbh uhtrbsaumd cih wbs usid ta imnbmli div`li gibsurigimts- Tn`s Cih dais mat `rr`tbti sk`m( mam cribsy( nydrasahhujhi- @t bhsa dais mat `mouri trbmsdulir( spribds aut ibs`hy( bmd um`eargbhhy- Tn`s Cih lbm ji rigavid ibs`hy us`mc d`spasbjhi tawihsIxpir`gimts Hbj \pil`e`lbt`ams \ pil`e`lbt`ams

Ixpir`gimts wiri dami `m b lamtrahhid imv`ramgimt ta dilribsi ihiltragbcmit`l rbd`bt`am bmd ihiltrastbt`l ma`si- Tni raag eaatpr`mt `s 2-9 g x :-: g w`tn b ni`cnt :-:g E`c- 2- Tn`s raag nbs ma w`mdaw  apim`mcs ta riduli d`rilt sum h`cnt( Nawivir `t nbs b w`md'ln`gmiy ta hit `m `md`rilt h`cnt bmd b h`tthi jriizi ae b`r ta prav`di b gid`tbt`am imv`ramgimt- Ma BL ihiltr`l`ty w`ris wiri bhhawid `m tni raag ta privimt umlamtrahhid ihiltragbcmit`l `mtirblt`am erag tbk`mc phbli dur`mc  ixpir`gimts- Tnbt‐ s wny tn`s raag `s mbturbhhy b`r'lamd`t`amid w`tn tni  w`md'ln`gmiy nbv`mc `t d`riltid tawbrds tni w`md d`rilt`am bmd nbv`mc b cr`hh apim`mc `m tni daar ta hit tni b`r ehaw aut'`m- Tn`s wauhd privimt piaphi ji`mc tistid erag swibt`mc wn`ln lbm lbusi traujhis `m gibsurigimts- Tni wbhhs ae tni raag bri waadim jabrds wn`hi tni ixtirmbh s`di ae tni wbhhs `s h`mid w`tn bhug`mug ea`h sniits- Tni w`md' ln`gmiy bmd tni cr`hh apim`mcs bri dis`cmid ta nbvi wihdid w`ri gisn Tni Bhug`mug ea`h sniits h`m`mc ae tni raag bmd tni wihdid w`ri gisn bt tni apim`mcs jhalk ihiltragbcmit`l wbvis bt tni rbmci ae rbd`a wbvis bmd g`lrawbvis erag imtir`mc tni raag- Tn`s prav`dis jittir bllurbti gibsurigimts0

\YJTHI IMIZCP b pnys`ls `mtirblt`mc Earli

:62<

E`c- 2? Ixpir`gimts Hbj Dis`cm

GITNAD\ E`rst ixpir`gimt

Ajoilt`vi  Ta pravi tnbt aur jady nbs HLZ prapirt`is riprisimtid `m @mdult`am( lbpbl`tbmli( bmd ris`stbmli sk`m prapirt`is tnbt lbm ji j i tumid-

t ni Vraliduri Tni tn`rd iyi lnbkrb wbs lnasim bs bm ibsy blliss pa`mt `m tni nugbm jady wn`ln `s halbtid bt tni g`dwby jitwiim jatn eramtbh jassis26 sujoilts lhibmid tni`r ebli w`tn b p`ili ae lattam nbv`mc 36) Itnyh bhlanah- B Cih wbs tnim bddid ta tni tn`rd iyi lnbkrb ta nihp bllurbti 26

\YJTHI IMIZCP b pnys`ls `mtirblt`mc Earli :62<

div`li gibsurigimts- Tni tn`rd iyi lnbkrb wbs gibsurid w`tn tni prajis ae tni HLZ gitir bs bjsahuti vbhuis- @mdult`am( lbpbl`tbmli( bmd ris`stbmli wiri gibsurid ibln `m 26 silamds- Betir rilard`mc tni div`li ribd`mcs tni sujoilts d`d lhalk w`si ratbt`am gbssbci ear tni`r tn`rd iyi lnbkrb ear b ami g`muti- Tni sbgi pa`mt wbs gibsurid w`tn tni HLZ  gitir bcb`m ta gibsuri tni `mdult`am( lbpbl`tbmli( bmd ris`stbmli ta lnilk  `e tniri wbs bmy lnbmci( ibln gibsurigimt ribd`mc wbs rilardid betir 26 silamds ibln- Tni sujoilts tnim d`d bm bmt`'lhalk w`si gbssbci ear tni`r tn`rd iyi lnbkrb `m bm bmt`'lhalkw`si d`rilt`am ear ami g`muti bmd tni sbgi pa`mt wbs gibsurid bcb`m w`tn tni HLZ gitir ta gibsuri tni `mdult`am( lbpbl`tbmli( bmd ris`stbmli `e tniri wbs bmy lnbmci ibln `m 26 silamds-

\ilamd Ixpir`gimt

Ajoilt`vi Ta pravi tnbt nugbm jad`is lbm `mtirblt bmd risambti w`tn tni surraumd`mc imv`ramgimt bmd blluguhbti sujthi imircy- Tn`s ixpir`gimt `s bhsa ta pravi tnbt sujthi imircy `s bm ihiltragbcmit`l `mtirblt`am earli tnbt lbm tbki sivirbh eargs suln bs ihiltrastbt`l lurrimts ar ihiltragbcmit`l wbvisVraliduri  Tni sujoilts lhibmid tni`r g`ddhi ami tn`rd ae tni pbhgbr surebli ae tni g`ddhi e`mcir `m jatn r`cnt bmd hiet nbmds w`tn lattam nbv`mc 36) itnyh bhlanah- Tniy bhsa bddid gid`lbh Cih bt tni sbgi brib\ujoilts wiri craumdid ta b zira vaht saurli sa tnbt tniy cit lhibmsid aut ae lnbrcis- Tni GT'2>:6 guht`gitir rilardid bjsahuti ribd`mcs ae BL  Uahtbci betir lhibms`mc bt jatn bribs `m jatn j atn r`cnt bmd hiet nbmdsn bmds- \ujoilts gbdi ibln nbmd tbki tni earg ae b tuji bmd tniy `msirtid tni bmtimmb ae  tni EL':966B eriquimly laumtir w`tnaut tauln`mc tni`r sk`m- Eriquiml`is  wiri rilardid ear ibln nbmd ae ibln sujoilt- Ibln sujoilt stbrtid ta gid`tbti ear 9 g`mutis bmd sbgi gibsurigimts wiri tbkim betir tni e`vi g`mutis gid`tbt`am bt tni sbgi pa`mts pa `mts tni sbgi wby-

22

\YJTHI IMIZCP b pnys`ls `mtirblt`mc Earli

:62<

 Tn`rd Ixpir`gimt

Ajoilt`vi  Ta pravi tnbt nugbm jad`is lbm `mtirblt bmd da pnys`lbh lnbmci `m atnir tn`mcs tnraucn risambt`mc ihiltragbcmit`l earliVraliduri  Sbtir wbs lnasim ta ji tni sbgphi tnbt sujoilts `mtirbltid  w`tn tnraucn pbhg nibh`mc- Sbtir wbs lnasim s`mli `t#s bm `mbm`gbti mam h`v`mc tn`mc( yit nugbm jad`is bmd h`v`mc tn`mcs nbvi wbtir lagpas`t`am Tni GT'2>:6 guht`gitir rilardid `m`t`bh bjsahuti DL Uahtbci bmd Zis`stbmli ae dr`mk`mc wbtir tnbt wbs kipt `m b chbss ae wbtir jieari bmy   wbtir nibh`mc- \ujoilts gid`tbtid ear ear 9 g`mutis tnim tniy d`d pbhg nibh`mc  ear tni wbtir nbv`mc jatn ae tni`r pbhgs braumd tni chbss ae wbtir w`tnaut tauln`mc `t ear : g`mutis- Tni guht`gitir tnim rilardid Bjsahuti DL  Uahtbci bmd Zis`stbmli betir ibln nibh`mc siss`am- Ibln nibh`mc siss`am  wbs pireargid am b miw wbtir chbsschbss-

2:

\YJTHI IMIZCP b pnys`ls `mtirblt`mc Earli :62<

I\YHT\ Z I\YHT\

@m tni eahhaw`mc stbt`st`lbh risuhts( muhh nypatnis`s stbt`st`lbh tilnm`qui `m tni t'stbt stbt`st`lbh gitnad .t'tist? twa' sbgphi bssug`mc iqubh vbr`bmlis `s usid- Zisuhts ae s`cm`e`lbmli erag 6 ta 6-9 gibm ma s`cm`e`lbmt lnbmci  wn`hi erag 6-9 ta 2 gibm s`cm`e`lbmt lnbmci-

E`rst Ixpir`gimt

 Tbjhi 2 snaws @mdult`am( lbpbl`tbmli( bmd ris`stbmli gibsurigimts jieari gbssbci( wn`hi Tbjhi : bmd Tbjhi < snaw HLZ gibsurigimts betir lhalkw`si bmd bmt`lhalkw`si gbssbci- kmaw`mc tnbt H stbmds ear `mdult`am( L ear lbpbl`tbmli( bmd Z ear ris`stbmli- AH gibsurigimts gibm gibsurigimts wiri avir tni div`li gibsur`mc rbmci wn`ln `s :66 N `m tn`s lbsi-

 Tbjhi 2? HLZ Gibsurigimts Jieari Jieari bmy Gbssbci

H .N L .mE  Z .K ang

2 0-9 3-9 36-4

: :> :-5 466

< 2>-9 < 2266

4 <5 2-3 066

9 AH6-9 066

5 <> 2-4 2696

3 2> 4-0 >0

> 24 2-2 366

0 20 2-0 366

26 <5-2 <-< 066

 Tbjhi :? HLZ Gibsurigimts Gibsurigimts Betir Betir Lhalkw`si Gbssbci Gbssbci

H .N L .mE  Z .K ang

2 <5 2-2 96

: 2> 2-> 366

< <2 6-5 2666

4 AH2-2 2>66

9 AH6-5 <666

5 <5 6-0 >66

3 2> 2-4 566

> <0 2-4 306

0 :66 :-< 506

26 :< <-9 :56

2<

\YJTHI IMIZCP b pnys`ls `mtirblt`mc Earli

:62<

 Tbjhi
H .N L .mE  Z .K ang

2

:

<

4

9

5

3

>

46 2-0 566

95 2-9 246

:5 6-5 2066

<< 2-> :066

AH6-> :966

<>-> :-2 >66

AH- :: 2 2-< 966 406 40 6

0

26

AH- :4-4 2-< :-2 256 :46

E`c- :? @mdult`am ta Lbpbl`tbmli Jieari bmd Betir Gbssbci

\tbt`st`ls snawid tnbt lbpbl`tbmli vbhuis dilribsi am lhalkw`si gbssbci  w`tn s`cm`e`lbmli 6-02>990 wn`hi `m lbsi ae bmt`lhalkw`si lbpbl`tbmli dilribsi w`tn s`cm`e`lbmli 6-0<352505>- Bs ear `mdult`am vbhuis( stbt`st`ls snawid `t ta ji `mlribs`mc `m lbsi ae lhalkw`si gbssbci w`tn s`cm`e`lbmli 6-393434 bmd snawid tnbt `m tni lbsi ae bmt`lhalkw`si gbssbci `mdult`am  vbhui `mlribsi w`tn s`cm`e`lbmli 6->60659<40- E`c- : snaws `mdult`am ta lbpbl`tbmli lnbmci- Zis`stbmli wbs snawm ta `mlribsi `m jatn lbsis w`tn s`cm`e`lbmli 6-5524

\YJTHI IMIZCP b pnys`ls `mtirblt`mc Earli :62<

\ilamd Ixpir`gimt

 Tbjhi 4( bmd tbjhi 9 snaw BL vahtbci bmd ihiltragbcmit`l eriquimly bt jatn tni r`cnt bmd hiet nbmds jieari bmd betir gid`tbt`am Tbjhi 4? BL Uahtbci bmd bmd Eriquimly Eriquimly bt Z`cnt bmd Hiet Nbmds Nbmds Jieari Gid`tbt`am Gid`tbt`am 2

:

<

4

9

5

3

>

0

26

6-66<

6-66:

6-662

6-669

6-669

6-662

6-662

6-66<

6-6:<

6-664

 BL Uahtbci .U

2>6 ' 206

205

20> ' 20:

:63

232 ' 2>9

20: ' 209

236 ' 239

236 ' 206

209

<66

Eriquimly .N_

6-664

6-662

6-66<

6-620

6-66<

6-629

6-662

6-662

6-624

6-629

 BL Uahtbci .U

236 ' 206

209

205

:6:

209

236 ' 209

246 ' 239

20:

20: ' 209

::6

Eriquimly .N_

Z`cnt Nbmd

Hiet Nbmd

 Tbjhi 9? BL Uahtbci bmd bmd Eriquimly Eriquimly bt Z`cnt bmd Hiet Nbmds Nbmds Betir Gid`tbt`am Gid`tbt`am 2

:

<

4

9

5

3

>

0

26

6-6<9

6-6:>

6-662

6-62<

6-66:0

6-6:3

6-622

6-6:4

6-69

6-23

 BL Uahtbci .U

236

2>0

246 ' 209

246 ' 20<

203

204

2>2 ' 20:

236 '2>6

:24

:::

Eriquimly .N_

6-6<9

6-629

6-625

6-6:

6-622

6-6:9

6-6<

6-662

6-64

6-<

 BL Uahtbci .U

23

:66

246 ' 209

230 ' 203

236 ' 206

236 ' 2>6

236 ' 2>6

256

:69

:22

Eriquimly .N_

E`c-
29

Z`cnt Nbmd

Hiet Nbmd

\YJTHI IMIZCP b pnys`ls `mtirblt`mc Earli

:62<

\tbt`st`ls snawid BL vahtbci gibsurid bt tni r`cnt nbmd ta `mlribsi betir gid`tbt`am w`tn s`cm`e`lbmli 6-0<>452:0>- \tbt`st`ls bhsa snawid bm `mlribsi `m tni BL vahtbci vbhuis gibsurid bt tni hiet nbmd betir gid`tbt`am w`tn s`cm`e`lbmli 6->:>440::0- BL vahtbci lnbmci lbm ji mat`lid `m E`c- < bt tni r`cnt bmd hiet nbmds- Bs ear ihiltragbcmit`l eriquiml`is; stbt`st`ls snawid tnbt betir gid`tbt`am eriquiml`is dilribsid `m tni r`cnt nbmd w`tn s`cm`e`lbmli 6-5>9393530 bmd tni hiet nbmd dilribsid w`tn s`cm`e`lbmli 6-324<40940-

 Tn`rd Ixpir`gimt

 Tbjhi 5 bmd Tbjhi 3 snaw DL vahtbci bmd ris`stbmli ae wbtir gibsurid jieari bmd betir wbtir nibh`mc Tbjhi 5? Sbtir DL Uahtbci bmd Zis`stbmli jieari Sbtir Sbtir Nibh`mc

2

:

<

4

9

5

3

>

0

26

6-6<

6-69

6-6<<

6-6:3

6-6<9

6-644

6-6:2

6-629

6-669

6-62:

DL Uahtbci .U

2<6

2<6

:2<

2:3

99

:2>

:39

20>

:6:

::<

Zis`stbmli .K Ang

 Tbjhi 3? Sbtir DL Uahtbci Uahtbci bmd Zis`stbmli Zis`stbmli betir Sbtir Sbtir Nibh`mc 2

:

<

4

9

5

3

>

0

26

6-63

6-63

6-65

6-69

6-64:

6-63:

6-645

6-6<

6-6:4

6-64

:<6

:66

:>3

2>9

2>5

:9:

46<

:33

:35

::3

25

DL Uahtbci .U Zis`stbmli .K Ang

\YJTHI IMIZCP b pnys`ls `mtirblt`mc Earli :62<

E`c- 4? Sbtir DL Uahtbci ta Sbtir Zis`stbmli jieari bmd betir Sbtir Nibh`mc

\tbt`st`ls snawid tnbt wbtir DL vahtbci `mlribsi betir wbtir nibh`mc w`tn s`cm`e`lbmli 6-009000032- Sbtir ris`stbmli bhsa `mlribsis betir wbtir nibh`mc w`tn s`cm`e`lbmli 6-0>2309<30- E`c- 4 snaws lnbmci `m wbtir DL  vahtbci bmd ris`stbmli betir wbtir wbtir nibh`mc-

23

\YJTHI IMIZCP b pnys`ls `mtirblt`mc Earli

:62<

D@\LY\\@AM Vriv`aus ixpir`gimts bmd stbt`st`ls snaw tnbt sujthi imircy `mtirblt`ams bri jbsid am puri pnys`ls tnbt lbm ji ixphb`mid jbsid am tni pr`ml`phis ae  ihiltr`l`ty bmd ihiltragbcmit`sg Bllard`mc ta tni risuhts ae tni e`rst ixpir`gimt( Tbjhi 2 snaws HLZ  gibsurigimts ae tni tn`rd iyi lnbkrb jieari bmy lhalkw`si ar bmt`lhalkw`si gbssbci( wn`ln pravis tnbt aur nugbm sk`m nbs HLZ  prapirt`is- Pit bs gimt`amid jieari `m tni gitnads silt`am( tni tn`rd iyi lnbkrb wbs lnasim bs bm ibsy blliss brib `m tni nugbm ebli Bllard`mc ta tni stbt`st`lbh s`cm`e`lbmlis gimt`amid `m tni risuhts silt`am ae tni e`rst ixpir`gimt; jatn lhalkw`si bmd bmt`lhalkw`si gbssbci snawid bm `mlribsi `m tni `mdult`am vbhui bmd b dilribsi `m tni lbpbl`tbmli vbhui Pit tni s`cm`e`lbmli ae tni bmt`lhalkw`si gbssbci `s stramcir- Tn`s gibms tnbt tni HLZ l`rlu`t lbm ji e`mi tumid- @t tumis stbt`l ihiltr`l`ty tnraucn risambmli bt n`cn eriquimly ji`mc `mdulid erag ihiltragbcmit`l wbvis ar atnir ihiltrastbt`l saurlisN`cn ris`stbmli ae tni nugbm sk`m blts bs b caad lamdultar ae stbt`l ihiltr`l`ty bs `t bhhaws n`cn eriquimly stbt`l ihiltr`l`ty wn`ln lbm ji ixphb`mid jy tni pnys`ls pnimagimam kmawm bs sk`m ieeilt  [2:W Bm HL l`rlu`t `s b l`rlu`t tnbt tn bt lribtis risambmt eriquimly jbsid am tn`s hbw  kmaw`mc tnbt

`s tni risambmt eriquimly( H `s tni

`mdultbmli vbhui( wn`hi L @s tni lbpbl`tbmli vbhui [2

\YJTHI IMIZCP b pnys`ls `mtirblt`mc Earli :62<

ihiltr`l`ty wn`ln `s bhh jbsid am tum`mc b risambmli jbsid jbsid am `mdult`am bmd lbpbl`tbmli `m twa sipbrbti l`rlu`ts [24W Tnirieari wnim aur jady `s mat lnbrcid `t lbm ji lnbrcid `e ixpasid ta ihiltrastbt`l e`ihds erag bmy k`md ae saurli tnbt lbm ji b nibhir ar b ciagitr`lbh snbpi nbv`mc risambmt HL eriquimly .`m risambmli ar tnraucn `mtimt`ambh nibh`mc gid`tbt`am- Aur jady lbm bhsa lnbrci atnir piaphi ar ajoilts jbsid am ihiltrastbt`l `mtirblt`am- Aur jad`is nbvi tni lbpbj`h`ty bhsa ta trbmsg`t ihiltragbcmit`l wbvis erag d`eeirimt HL pa`mts `m aur jady bmd lbm rili`vi ihiltragbcmit`l wbvis erag tni sbgi HL pa`mts jbsid am tni HL risambmli kmaw`mc tnbt rili`v`mc ihiltragbcmit`l  wbvis gibms g ibms `mdul`mc ihiltrastbt`l lurrimts- Tn`s `s wnbt tni silamd bmd tn`rd ixpir`gimts snawid erag tni stbt`st`lbh s`cm`e`lbmli risuhts- \`mli sujoilts wiri bjhi ta `mlribsi tni`r BL vahtbci bmd lnbmci tni`r ihiltragbcmit`l eriquiml`is am jatn tni r`cnt bmd hiet nbmds tnraucn gid`tbt`vi nibh`mc siss`ams `m tni silamd ixpir`gimt- Sn`hi `m tni tn`rd ixpir`gimt sujoilts wiri bjhi ta `mlribsi wbtir DL vahtbci bmd ris`stbmli Tnirieari aur jad`is lbm `mtirblt w`tn atnir piaphi( bm`gbhs( phbmts( ciagitr`lbh snbpis( brln`tilturbh spblis( h`cnt( bmd tni sum( tni gaam( tni stbrs( TU( pnamis( lagputirs( ihiltr`l`ty h`mis( bmtimmbs bmd ivirytn`mc `e  `m risambmli w`tn aur awm jady ‐s ‐s HL l`rlu`ts Tni ribsam ear aur nugbm sk`m lbpbl`tbmli `s lbusid dui ta tni H`p`d J`  Hbyir  [29W wn`ln `s tni gbtir`bh tnbt eargs lihh gigjrbmis `m h`v`mc  tn`mcs E`c- 9 bmd tn`s prapirty nihps `m tni blt`am patimt`bh praliss bs lbhluhbtid jy Cahdgbm Cahdgbm Iqubt`am [25W- Bs ear tni `mdult`am `mdult`am sk`m prapirty( tni risibrln succists tnbt tni `mdult`am `s dui ta tni lihh gigjrbmi lnbmmihs earg( tnbt#s jilbusi tni `am lnbmmihs pbss`mc tnraucn tni lihh gigjrbmis tnbt lbusi tni blt`am patimt`bhs bmd atnir purpasis tbki  Bhpnb Nih`lis r`jjam strulturis bt tni Mbma slbhi slbhi [23W E`c- 9@t `s jih`ivid tnbt tni lnbmmih pugps wark tnraucn tni Mb'K BTVbsi pugp [2>W- Tni risibrlnir bhsa succists tnbt tni patimt`bh crbd`imt bt tni lnbmmihs lbm ji lbusid dui ta tni vahtbci `mdulid `m bhpnb nih`lis la`hs ar bt hibst lbm ji beeiltid jy tni `mdulid vahtbci20

\YJTHI IMIZCP b pnys`ls `mtirblt`mc Earli

:62<

E`c-9 ? Nugbm \k`m HLZ Vrapirt`is

:6

\YJTHI IMIZCP b pnys`ls `mtirblt`mc Earli :62<

I^VILTBT@AM\ Jbsid am tni e`md`mcs ae tn`s risibrln( tni risibrlnir ixpilts tnbt nibh`mc  us`mc sujthi imirc`is blluguhbtid am pbhgs ar risambt`mc w`tn ciagitry  ar bmy k`md ae imircy tnbt cimirbtis bm `mdulid ihiltrastbt`l e`ihd am nugbm sk`m wauhd nbvi pas`t`vi ar micbt`vi ieeilt am tni nugbm nibhtn jbsid am `ts vahtbci vbhui bmd eriquimly- Tn`s lbm nbppim s`mli vahtbci bt sk`m wauhd nbvi bm ieeilt am tni `am lnbmmihs bmd bmy lnbmmih tnbt `s jbsid am patimt`bh crbd`imt ar dibhs w`tn `ams ivim tnraucn asgas`s( jilbusi tni `mdulid vahtbci lbm lnbmci tni vbhui ae tni vahtbci saurli bt tni lnbmmih cbti wn`ln gby lnbmci tni e`r`mc vahtbci rbti- @t lbm bhsa lbusi Vas`t`vi eiidjblks [20W@mdulid vahtbci `m tni lihh gby bhsa lbusi Ihiltrapartbt`am ta tbki phbli  wn`ln lbm hit jad`is suln bs v`rusis `mta lihhs ar nihp atnir jad`is imtir imt ir tni lihh tnraucn tni lihh gigjrbmi `tsihe bmd mat tnraucn lnbmmihs [:6W@mdulid lurrimts tnbt lbm ribln mirvis tnraucn lbpbl`tbmli lbm bhsa `mlribsi tni rbti ae s`cmbh trbmsg`ss`am tnbt gby ji jbhbmlid ta nibh erag d`sibsis ar gby lbusi d`sibsis `e mat jbhbmlid tnraucn dilribsid ar `mlribsid `gpidbmli ar mirvi ris`stbmli-

LAMLHY\@AM \ujthi imircy `s ami ae tni eumdbgimtbh earlis ae mbturi tnbt `s ihiltragbcmit`l earli wn`ln lbm tbki d`eeirimt eargs bmd `mtirblt tnraucn d`eeirimt wbys tnbt bri bhh kmawm `m pnys`ls bmd lbm ji prid`ltid tnraucn gbtnigbt`lbh pnys`ls lbhluhbt`ams jbsid am HLZ l`rlu`t prapirt`is- @t lbm `mtirblt w`tn h`v`mc bmd mam h`v`mc tn`mcs tnraucn HLZ prapirt`is i`tnir `m h`v`mc lihhs ar dui ta ciagitr`lbh snbpi‐s ihiltr`lbh prapirt`is:2

\YJTHI IMIZCP b pnys`ls `mtirblt`mc Earli

:62<

Z ILAGGIMDBT@AM\ ILAGGIMDBT@AM\  Tni risibrlnir rilaggimds am jinbhe ae tn`s risibrln tnbt atnir risibrlnirs bmd sl`imt`sts wauhd lamt`mui risibrln`mc eurtnir stips tawbrds gari ixpir`gimts jbsid am tni e`md`mcs ae tn`s risibrln `m d`eeirimt e`ihds ae sl`imli bs Vnys`ls( Imc`miir`mc( J`ahacy( Gid`l`mi(  Bstramagy( Brts bmd bhh k`mds ae nugbm kmawhidcikmawhidci-

 Bs ear Vnys`l`bms?

2' @t `s rilaggimdid ta lribti risibrln craups study`mc tni ieeilts gimt`amid `m tni pbpir ta e`md su`tbjhi nibh`mc wbys bmd gitnads us`mc ihiltragbcmit`l bmd ihiltrastbt`l `mtirblt`am`mtirblt`am:' @t `s rilaggimdid ta study pbrbmargbh bmd pbrbpsylnahacy  tnraucn tni miw umdirstbmd`mc ae sujthi imircy bmd tni miw  lamlipt ae sujthi imircy risambmli<' @t `s rilaggimdid ta lribti miw wihhmiss div`lis ear piaphi4' @t `s rilaggimdid ta study tni ieeilts ae gadirm tilnmahacy ta nihp ritum`mc tnig ta ji `m tni sbki ae nugbm nibhtnn ibhtn-

 Bs ear Vnys`l`sts bmd Imc`miirs?

2' @t `s rilaggimdid ta study nugbms bs pbrt ae mbturi bmd ta study  naw pnys`ls `mtirblts w`tn h`ei:' @t `s rilaggimdid tnbt pnys`l`sts bmd imc`miirs lribti s`guhbt`am saetwbri tnbt s`guhbtis aur imv`ramgimt `m tirgs ae brln`tilturi bmd ciagitry ta snaw tni`r ieeilts am tni ihiltragbcmit`l ::

\YJTHI IMIZCP b pnys`ls `mtirblt`mc Earli :62<

`mtirblt`ams wn`hi nbv`mc nugbms bs pbrt ae tni s`guhbt`am jbsid am HLZ risambmli<' @t `s rilaggimdid tnbt J`aCiagitry® `mstrultars( risibrlnirs( bmd prblt`t`amirs stbrt ta study J`aCiagitry® pr`ml`phis tnraucn tni e`md`mcs ae tn`s risibrln bmd e`md wn`ln eriquiml`is bmd  vahtbcis blt bs tni jbhbml`mc J`aCiagitry® imircy kmawm bs JC< ar J`aCiagitry® tnrii lagpamimts imircy-

 Bs ear Brt`sts?

2' @t `s rilaggimdid ta study tni ieeilt ae gus`l( lahars( prapart`ams( bmd d`eeirimt brt pr`ml`phis tnraucn tni miw  umdirstbmd`mc ae sujthi imircy im ircy `mtirblt`am:' @t `s rilaggimdid ta study bml`imt brt bmd pn`hasapny try`mc ta umdirstbmd tni`r ieeilt am aur nibhtn bmd ji`mc<' @t `s rilaggimdid ta try ixphb`m`mc bml`imt gytns bmd hicimds ta umhalk bml`imt tilnmahacy 

:<

\YJTHI IMIZCP b pnys`ls `mtirblt`mc Earli

:62<

CHA\\BZP  2'

:'

<'

sk`m ieeilt( `m ihiltr`l`ty( tni timdimly ae bhtirmbt`mc n`cn' eriquimly lurrimts ta lrawd tawbrd tni surebli ae b lamdult`mc  gbtir`bh- Tn`s pnimagimam ristr`lts tni lurrimt ta b sgbhh pbrt ae  tni tatbh lrass'silt`ambh brib bmd sa nbs tni ieeilt ae `mlribs`mc  tni ris`stbmli ae tni lamdultar- Jilbusi ae tni sk`m ieeilt( `mdult`am nibt`mc lbm ji halbh`zid bt tni surebli bmd tni nibtid brib lamtrahhid jy b su`tbjhi lna`li ae tni `mdultar la`h . sii  sii `mdult`am nibt`mc- Tni sk`m ieeilt jilagis gari pramaumlid bs tni eriquimly `s `mlribsidH`p`ds- H`p`ds bri sivirbh typis ae sujstbmlis tnbt bri craupid tacitnir jilbusi ae tni`r laggam prapirty  ae ji`mc sahujhi `m ebt sahvimts- Ispil`bhhy `gpartbmt h`p`ds bri  pnaspnah`p`ds  bmd lnahistirah(  wn`ln tacitnir lamst`tuti amhy bjaut : pir limt ae tni tatbh lihh gbss- Tni s`cm`e`lbmli ae pnaspnah`p`ds bmd lnahistirah `s tnbt tniy  bri gb`mhy `msahujhi `m wbtir bmd( tnirieari( bri usid ta earg tni lihh gigjrbmi bmd `mtrblihhuhbr gigjrbmi jbrr`irs tnbt sipbrbti tni d`eeirimt lihh lagpbrtgimtseiidjblk 2 bmy eibturi ae b systig( i-c- ae b gitbjah`l pbtnwby ar ae bm ihiltram`l l`rlu`t( wnirijy `meargbt`am bjaut tni autput ae  tni systig `s usid ta `mehuimli tni `mput ta tnbt systig- \uln eiidjblk gby `mlribsi tni `mput ta tni systig  “   pas`t`vi eiidjblk  ' ar riduli tni `mput ta tni systig  “  micbt`vi eiidjblk-  B lylh`l systig ae lagpamimts pbrt`l`pbt`mc `m eiidjblk eargs b eiidjblk haap( bmd tni systig `s kmawm bs b lhasid'haap systig- Lagpbri  apim'haap systig- : tnbt pbrt ae  tni autput ae bm ihiltram`l( gilnbm`lbh( ar atnir systig tnbt `s riturmid ta tni `mput( sa gad`ey`mc `ts lnbrbltir`st`ls-

:4

\YJTHI IMIZCP b pnys`ls `mtirblt`mc Earli :62<

Z IEIZIMLI\ IEIZIMLI\ 2:-

<-

4-

9-

5-

3-

>-

0-

@sbbl Miwtam( Apt`lks( 4tn Id`t`am( S`hh`bg S`hh`bg @mmys( @mm ys( 23<6 Bhbm Cbuhd( B N`stary ae Nypmat`sg( @hhustrbtid Id`t`am( Lbgjr`dci Ym`virs`ty Vriss( 2009  Bhjirt B- G`lnihsam( Idwbrd S- Garhiy( H@^- Am b gitnad ae  gbk`mc tni wbvi'himctn ae sad`ug h`cnt tni bltubh bmd prblt`lbh stbmdbrd ae himctn( Vn`hasapn`lbh Gbcbz`mi \ir`is 9( Uah-:4( @ss- 292( 2>>3Cuptb NH( \`mcn \N( \ihvbgurtny S( Zb` YL( Ieeilt ae \bnbob yacb prblt`li am striss gbmbcigimt `m pbt`imts ae ip`hipsy( @md`bm Oaurmbh ae Vnys`ahacy bmd Vnbrgblahacy [2009( Vnbrgblahacy  [2009( <0.:?222'225WC Gbmdhir( OG Gbmdhir( IT Yv`hhir( Butamag`l eiidjblk? Tni pirlipt`am ae butamag`l blt`v`ty( Tni Oaurmbh ae Bjmargbh bmd \al`bh Vsylnahacy( Uah 95.<( Gby 209>( <53'<36><  Bcbtnb V- Lahjirt( Bdr`bm Hbrsim( \tivi Lnbgjirh`m( Lbrr`i Dilkir( Dilk ir( Nibtnir L- \ln`eeki( S`hh`bg H- Cricary( Trbm Tnamc( B Guht`lnbmmih \ystig ear Lamt`muaus Gibsurigimts ae \k`m Zis`stbmli bmd Lbpbl`tbmli bt Blupumlturi Va`mts( Oaurmbh ae   Blupumlturi bmd Gir`d`bm \tud`is( Uahugi :( @ssui 4( Diligjir :660( Vbcis :90':5>( @\\M :669':062( 26-2625!\:669' :062.6056655': O-C- Cbdsjy( K`rh`bm pnatacrbpny d`bcmas`s  —  b rilimt study( Lagphigimtbry Tnirbp`is `m Gid`l`mi( Uahugi 2( @ssui 4( Altajir 200<( Vbcis 230'2>4( @\\M 6059'::00( 26-2625!6059' ::00.0<066:3'JNaasb`m Ijrbn`g bmd Zaj`m S`hh`bgs( K`rh`bm pnatacrbpny  — bm bm bpprb`sbh(  Oaurmbh ae U`subh Laggum`lbt`am `m Gid`l`mi 20>: 9?<( >4'02D`mlb( Eharib( Cbh( Virsambh E`htirs ear H`vi'h`mi H`vi 'h`mi Sarkirs ta G`t`cbti tni J`ahac`l @gpblt ae tni Haw Eriquimly Gbcmit`l E`ihd(  Trbmsg`ss`am % D`str`jut`am Lamstrult`am( Apirbt`am bmd H`vi'H`mi

:9

\YJTHI IMIZCP b pnys`ls `mtirblt`mc Earli

:62<

Gb`mtimbmli( :665- I\GA :665- @III 22tn @mtirmbt`ambh Lameirimli( :665 :665-26- Kbr`g @jrbn`g( 200<( U`tbh Ciagitr`lbh \nbpi :<( Icypt( 2>069( 22!2!200<( :2!2:!200<22- Nadck`m( Zusntam( Tni Ihiltr`lbh Lamstbmts ae b Lrustblibm Mirvi E`jri( Vraliid`mcs ae tni Zaybh \al`ity ae Hamdam- \ir`is J( J`ahac`lbh \l`imlis( Uahugi 2<<( @ssui >3<( 2045( pp- 444'4302:- saurli? nttp?!!www-jr`tbmm`lb-lag!IJlnilkid!tap`l!9435<0!sk`m'ieeilt 2<- Oanm S- Oiwitt( Zbygamd B- \irwby( Vnys`ls Ear \l`imt`sts Bmd Imc`miirs S`tn Gadirm Vnys`ls( 3tn Id`t`am( Tnagsam Jraaks!Lahi( :66>2424- Br`sti`d`s Kbrbh`s( Bmdri J- Kurs( Zajirt Gaeebtt( Oanm D Oabmmapauhas( Vitir N- E`snir( Gbr`m \ahobl`l( :626 :626(( S`rihiss imircy  trbmseir( Y\B( 3>:994<( :5!( :!22!:626I - Nbhh( Tixt Jaak ae Gid`lbh Vnys`ahacy( 29- Brtnur L- Cuytam( Oanm I22tn Id`t`am-( IH\IU@IZ \BYMDIZ\( :665I - Nbhh( Tixt Jaak ae Gid`lbh Vnys`ahacy( 25- Brtnur L- Cuytam( Oanm I22tn Id`t`am-( IH\IU@IZ \BYMDIZ\( :66523- B- D- \g`tn( \- V- Dbttb( C- Nawbrd \g`tn( V- M- Lbgpjihh( ZJimthiy( N- B- GlKimz`i( GlKimz`i( D- B- Jimdir( B- O- Lbrazz`( Lbrazz`( T- SCaadw`m( O- N- Vbr`sn( \- L- \tbmeard( A^EAZD D@LT@AMBZP  AE J@ALNIG@\TZP BMD GAHILYHBZ J@AHACP( Axeard Ym`virs`ty VZI\\( Ziv`sid id`t`am :666( pp- 946 2>- Brtnur L- Cuytam( Oanm II - Nbhh( Tixt Jaak ae Gid`lbh Vnys`ahacy( 22tn Id`t`am-( IH\IU@IZ \BYMDIZ\( :66520- B- D- \g`tn( \- V- Dbttb( C- Nawbrd \g`tn( V- M- Lbgpjihh( ZJimthiy( N- B- GlKimz`i( GlKimz`i( D- B- Jimdir( B- O- Lbrazz`( Lbrazz`( T- SCaadw`m( O- N- Vbr`sn( \- L- \tbmeard( A^EAZD D@LT@AMBZP  AE J@ALNIG@\TZP BMD GAHILYHBZ J@AHACP( Axeard Ym`virs`ty VZI\\( Ziv`sid id`t`am :666( pppp - ::> :6- I Miugbmm( G \lnbieir'Z`ddir( P Sbmc( V N Naeslnmi`dir( Cimi trbmseir `mta gausi hyagb lihhs jy ihiltraparbt`am `m n`cn ihiltr`l e`ihds( TNI IGJA OAYZMBH( 20>:( nttp?!!www-mlj`-mhg-m`n-cav!pgl!brt`lhis!VGL99<220! :5

\YJTHI IMIZCP b pnys`ls `mtirblt`mc Earli :62<

:3

\YJTHI IMIZCP b pnys`ls `mtirblt`mc Earli

:>

:62<

\YJTHI IMIZCP b pnys`ls `mtirblt`mc Earli :62<

-

-

:0

\YJTHI IMIZCP b pnys`ls `mtirblt`mc Earli

:62<

 “

'

-

-

-

'

'

-

-

<6